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+[
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_1000.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"1",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Developer Guide",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0001.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"2",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Welcome",
+		"title":"Welcome",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0002.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"3",
+		"des":"This document is intended for database designers, application developers, and database administrators, and provides information required for designing, building, querying",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Target Readers,Welcome,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Target Readers",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0004.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"4",
+		"des":"If you are a new GaussDB(DWS) user, you are advised to read the following contents first:Sections describing the features, functions, and application scenarios of GaussDB",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Reading Guide,Welcome,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Reading Guide",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0005.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"5",
+		"des":"SQL examples in this manual are developed based on the TPC-DS model. Before you execute the examples, install the TPC-DS benchmark by following the instructions on the of",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Conventions,Welcome,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Conventions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0006.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"6",
+		"des":"Complete the following tasks before you perform operations described in this document:Create a GaussDB(DWS) cluster.Install an SQL client.Connect the SQL client to the de",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Prerequisites,Welcome,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Prerequisites",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0007.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"7",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Overview",
+		"title":"System Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0011.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"8",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) manages cluster transactions, the basis of HA and failovers. This ensures speedy fault recovery, guarantees the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Highly Reliable Transaction Processing,System Overview,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Highly Reliable Transaction Processing",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0012.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"9",
+		"des":"The following GaussDB(DWS) features help achieve high query performance.GaussDB(DWS) is an MPP system with the shared-nothing architecture. It consists of multiple indepe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"High Query Performance,System Overview,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"High Query Performance",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0015.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"10",
+		"des":"A database manages data objects and is isolated from other databases. While creating a database, you can specify a tablespace. If you do not specify it, database objects ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Related Concepts,System Overview,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Related Concepts",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0985.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"11",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Migration",
+		"title":"Data Migration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0180.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"12",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides flexible methods for importing data. You can import data from different sources to GaussDB(DWS). The features of each method are listed in Table 1. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS),Data Migration,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0179.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"13",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Import",
+		"title":"Data Import",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0181.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"14",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data from OBS in Parallel",
+		"title":"Importing Data from OBS in Parallel",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0182.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"15",
+		"des":"The object storage service (OBS) is an object-based cloud storage service, featuring data storage of high security, proven reliability, and cost-effectiveness. OBS provid",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"About Parallel Data Import from OBS,Importing Data from OBS in Parallel,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"About Parallel Data Import from OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0154.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"16",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS",
+		"title":"Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0183.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"17",
+		"des":"In this example, OBS data is imported to GaussDB(DWS) databases. When users who have registered with the cloud platform access OBS using clients, call APIs, or SDKs, acce",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating Access Keys (AK and SK),Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0184.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"18",
+		"des":"Before importing data from OBS to a cluster, prepare source data files and upload these files to OBS. If the data files have been stored on OBS, you only need to complete",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Uploading Data to OBS,Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Uploading Data to OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0185.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"19",
+		"des":"format: format of the source data file in the foreign table. OBS foreign tables support CSV and TEXT formats. The default value is TEXT.header: Whether the data file cont",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table,Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0186.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"20",
+		"des":"Before importing data, you are advised to optimize your design and deployment based on the following excellent practices, helping maximize system resource utilization and",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data,Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0187.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"21",
+		"des":"Handle errors that occurred during data import.Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.Data format errorWhe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Handling Import Errors,Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Handling Import Errors",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0155.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"22",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS",
+		"title":"Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0243.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"23",
+		"des":"Before you use the SQL on OBS feature to query OBS data:You have stored the ORC data on OBS.For example, the ORC table has been created when you use the Hive or Spark com",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Preparing Data on OBS,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Preparing Data on OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0244.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"24",
+		"des":"This section describes how to create a foreign server that is used to define the information about OBS servers and is invoked by foreign tables. For details about the syn",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Server,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0245.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"25",
+		"des":"After performing steps in Creating a Foreign Server, create an OBS foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access the data stored in OBS. An OBS foreign table is re",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Table,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0246.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"26",
+		"des":"If the data amount is small, you can directly run SELECT to query the foreign table and view the data on OBS.If the query result is the same as the data in Original Data,",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0247.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"27",
+		"des":"After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Deleting Resources,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Deleting Resources",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0156.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"28",
+		"des":"In the big data field, the mainstream file format is ORC, which is supported by GaussDB(DWS). You can use Hive to export data to an ORC file and use a read-only foreign t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Supported Data Types,Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Supported Data Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0189.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"29",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server",
+		"title":"Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0190.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"30",
+		"des":"INSERT and COPY statements are serially executed to import a small volume of data. To import a large volume of data to GaussDB(DWS), you can use GDS to import data in par",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0192.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"31",
+		"des":"Generally, the data to be imported has been uploaded to the data server. In this case, you only need to check the communication between the data server and GaussDB(DWS), ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Preparing Source Data,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Preparing Source Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0193.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"32",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) uses GDS to allocate the source data for parallel data import. Deploy GDS on the data server.If a large volume of data is stored on multiple data servers, in",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Gu",
+		"title":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0194.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"33",
+		"des":"The source data information and GDS access information are configured in a foreign table. Then, GaussDB(DWS) can import data from a data server to a database table based ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0195.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"34",
+		"des":"This section describes how to create tables in GaussDB(DWS) and import data to the tables.Before importing all the data from a table containing over 10 million records, y",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0196.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"35",
+		"des":"Handle errors that occurred during data import.Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.Data format errorWhe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Handling Import Errors,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Handling Import Errors",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0197.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"36",
+		"des":"Stop GDS after data is imported successfully.If GDS is started using the gds command, perform the following operations to stop GDS:Query the GDS process ID:ps -ef|grep gd",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stopping GDS,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Stopping GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0198.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"37",
+		"des":"The data servers and the cluster reside on the same intranet. The IP addresses are 192.168.0.90 and 192.168.0.91. Source data files are in CSV format.Create the target ta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example of Importing Data Using GDS,Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Example of Importing Data Using GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0210.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"38",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster",
+		"title":"Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0066.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"39",
+		"des":"MRS is a big data cluster running based on the open-source Hadoop ecosystem. It provides the industry's latest cutting-edge storage and analytical capabilities of massive",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0212.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"40",
+		"des":"Before importing data from MRS to a GaussDB(DWS) cluster, you must have:Created an MRS cluster.Created the Hive/Spark ORC table in the MRS cluster and stored the table da",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0213.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"41",
+		"des":"In the syntax CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS) for creating a foreign table, you need to specify a foreign server associated with the MRS data source connectio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Manually Creating a Foreign Server,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Manually Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0214.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"42",
+		"des":"This section describes how to create a Hadoop foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access the Hadoop structured data stored on MRS HDFS. A Hadoop foreign table i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Table,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0215.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"43",
+		"des":"If the data amount is small, you can directly run SELECT to query the foreign table and view the data in the MRS data source.If the query result is the same as the data i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0216.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"44",
+		"des":"After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Deleting Resources,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Deleting Resources",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0217.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"45",
+		"des":"The following error information indicates that GaussDB(DWS) is to read an ORC data file but the actual file is in text format. Therefore, create a table of the Hive ORC t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Error Handling,Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Error Handling",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0949.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"46",
+		"des":"You can create foreign tables to perform associated queries and import data between clusters.Import data from one GaussDB(DWS) cluster to another.Perform associated queri",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another,Data Import,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0208.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"47",
+		"des":"The gsql tool of GaussDB(DWS) provides the \\copy meta-command to import data.For details about the \\copy command, see Table 1.tableSpecifies the name (possibly schema-qua",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using the gsql Meta-Command \\COPY to Import Data,Data Import,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using the gsql Meta-Command \\COPY to Import Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0203.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"48",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data",
+		"title":"Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0204.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"49",
+		"des":"This method is applicable to low-concurrency scenarios where a small volume of data is to be imported.Use either of the following methods to write data to GaussDB(DWS) us",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN,Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data,Developer Gui",
+		"title":"Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0205.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"50",
+		"des":"CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in GaussDB(DWS). It is used to import data to GaussDB(DWS) in batches.The CopyManager class is in the or",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Introduction to the CopyManager Class,Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data,Developer",
+		"title":"Introduction to the CopyManager Class",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0206.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"51",
+		"des":"When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on GaussDB(DWS), you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files,Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to I",
+		"title":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0207.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"52",
+		"des":"The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS),Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import D",
+		"title":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0986.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"53",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Full Database Migration",
+		"title":"Full Database Migration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0219.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"54",
+		"des":"You can use CDM to migrate data from other data sources (for example, MySQL) to the databases in clusters on GaussDB(DWS).For details about scenarios where CDM is used to",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS),Full Database Migration,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_01_0127.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"55",
+		"des":"The DSC is a CLI tool running on the Linux or Windows OS. It is dedicated to providing customers with simple, fast, and reliable application SQL script migration services",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts,Full Database Migration,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0987.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"56",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Metadata Migration",
+		"title":"Metadata Migration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0269.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"57",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata",
+		"title":"Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0270.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"58",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides gs_dump and gs_dumpall to export required database objects and related information. To migrate database information, you can use a tool to import th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0271.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"59",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting a Single Database",
+		"title":"Exporting a Single Database",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0272.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"60",
+		"des":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a database from GaussDB(DWS). You can specify the information to be exported as follows:Export full infor",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting a Database,Exporting a Single Database,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting a Database",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0273.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"61",
+		"des":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a schema from GaussDB(DWS). You can export one or more specified schemas as needed. You can specify the i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting a Schema,Exporting a Single Database,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting a Schema",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0274.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"62",
+		"des":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a table-level object from GaussDB(DWS). Views, sequences, and foreign tables are special tables. You can ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting a Table,Exporting a Single Database,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting a Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0275.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"63",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting All Databases",
+		"title":"Exporting All Databases",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0276.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"64",
+		"des":"You can use gs_dumpall to export full information of all databases in a cluster from GaussDB(DWS), including information about each database and global objects in the clu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting All Databases,Exporting All Databases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting All Databases",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0277.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"65",
+		"des":"You can use gs_dumpall to export global objects from GaussDB(DWS), including database users, user groups, tablespaces, and attributes (for example, global access permissi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Global Objects,Exporting All Databases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Global Objects",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0278.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"66",
+		"des":"gs_dump and gs_dumpall use -U to specify the user that performs the export. If the specified user does not have the required permission, data cannot be exported. In this ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions,Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata,D",
+		"title":"Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0209.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"67",
+		"des":"gs_restore is an import tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). You can use gs_restore to import the files exported by gs_dump to a database. gs_restore can import the files in .t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using gs_restore to Import Data,Metadata Migration,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using gs_restore to Import Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0249.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"68",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Export",
+		"title":"Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0250.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"69",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data to OBS",
+		"title":"Exporting Data to OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0251.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"70",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) databases allow you to export data in parallel using OBS foreign tables, in which the export mode and the exported data format are specified. Data is exporte",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Parallel OBS Data Export,Exporting Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Parallel OBS Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0157.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"71",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS",
+		"title":"Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0252.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"72",
+		"des":"Plan the storage location of exported data in OBS.You need to specify the OBS path (to directory) for storing data that you want to export. The exported data can be saved",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Planning Data Export,Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0253.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"73",
+		"des":"To obtain access keys, log in to the management console, click the username in the upper right corner, and select My Credential from the menu. Then choose Access Keys in ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table,Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0254.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"74",
+		"des":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file through the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM p",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data,Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0255.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"75",
+		"des":"Create two foreign tables and use them to export tables from a database to two buckets in OBS.OBS and the database are in the same region. The example GaussDB(DWS) table ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Examples,Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Examples",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0256.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"76",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting ORC Data to OBS",
+		"title":"Exporting ORC Data to OBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0258.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"77",
+		"des":"For details about exporting data to OBS, see Planning Data Export.For details about the data types that can be exported to OBS, see Table 2.For details about HDFS data ex",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Planning Data Export,Exporting ORC Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0259.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"78",
+		"des":"For details about creating a foreign server on OBS, see Creating a Foreign Server.For details about creating a foreign server in HDFS, see Manually Creating a Foreign Ser",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Server,Exporting ORC Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0260.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"79",
+		"des":"After operations in Creating a Foreign Server are complete, create an OBS/HDFS write-only foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access data stored in OBS/HDFS. Th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Table,Exporting ORC Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0158.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"80",
+		"des":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file using the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM pro",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data,Exporting ORC Data to OBS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0159.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"81",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting ORC Data to MRS",
+		"title":"Exporting ORC Data to MRS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0160.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"82",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) allows you to export ORC data to MRS using an HDFS foreign table. You can specify the export mode and export data format in the foreign table. Data is export",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Exporting ORC Data to MRS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0161.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"83",
+		"des":"For details about the data types that can be exported to MRS, see Table 2.For details about HDFS data export or MRS configuration, see the MapReduce Service User Guide.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Planning Data Export,Exporting ORC Data to MRS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0162.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"84",
+		"des":"For details about creating a foreign server on HDFS, see Manually Creating a Foreign Server.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Server,Exporting ORC Data to MRS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0163.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"85",
+		"des":"After operations in Creating a Foreign Server are complete, create an HDFS write-only foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access data stored in HDFS. The foreig",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a Foreign Table,Exporting ORC Data to MRS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0164.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"86",
+		"des":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file using the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM pro",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data,Exporting ORC Data to MRS,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0261.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"87",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server",
+		"title":"Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0262.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"88",
+		"des":"In high-concurrency scenarios, you can use GDS to export data from a database to a common file system.In the current GDS version, data can be exported from a database to ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0263.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"89",
+		"des":"Before you use GDS to export data from a cluster, prepare data to be exported and plan the export path.Remote modeIf the following information is displayed, the user and ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Planning Data Export,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0264.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"90",
+		"des":"GDS is a data service tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.For details, see Installing, Configuri",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guid",
+		"title":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0265.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"91",
+		"des":"Remote modeSet the location parameter to the URL of the directory that stores the data files.You do not need to specify any file.For example:The IP address of the GDS dat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0266.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"92",
+		"des":"Ensure that the IP addresses and ports of servers where CNs and DNs are deployed can connect to those of the GDS server.Create batch processing scripts to export data in ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Exporting Data,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0267.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"93",
+		"des":"GDS is a data service tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.For details, see Stopping GDS.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stopping GDS,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Stopping GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0268.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"94",
+		"des":"The data server and the cluster reside on the same intranet, the IP address of the data server is 192.168.0.90, and data source files are in CSV format. In this scenario,",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS,Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0988.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"95",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Operations",
+		"title":"Other Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0279.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"96",
+		"des":"GDS supports concurrent import and export. The gds -t parameter is used to set the size of the thread pool and control the maximum number of concurrent working threads. B",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GDS Pipe FAQs,Other Operations,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GDS Pipe FAQs",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0228.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"97",
+		"des":"Data skew causes the query performance to deteriorate. Before importing all the data from a table consisting of over 10 million records, you are advised to import some of",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Checking for Data Skew,Other Operations,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Checking for Data Skew",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0042.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"98",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) is compatible with Oracle, Teradata and MySQL syntax, of which the syntax behavior is different.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL,Developer Guide,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0043.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"99",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Database Security Management",
+		"title":"Database Security Management",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0053.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"100",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Managing Users and Their Permissions",
+		"title":"Managing Users and Their Permissions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0054.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"101",
+		"des":"A user who creates an object is the owner of this object. By default, Separation of Permissions is disabled after cluster installation. A database system administrator ha",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Default Permission Mechanism,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Default Permission Mechanism",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0055.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"102",
+		"des":"A system administrator is an account with the SYSADMIN permission. After a cluster is installed, a system administrator has the permissions of all object owners by defaul",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Administrator,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"System Administrator",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0056.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"103",
+		"des":"Descriptions in Default Permission Mechanism and System Administrator are about the initial situation after a cluster is created. By default, a system administrator with ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Separation of Permissions,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Separation of Permissions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0057.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"104",
+		"des":"You can use CREATE USER and ALTER USER to create and manage database users, respectively. The database cluster has one or more named databases. Users and roles are shared",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Users,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Users",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0058.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"105",
+		"des":"A role is a set of permissions. After a role is granted to a user through GRANT, the user will have all the permissions of the role. It is recommended that roles be used ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Roles,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Roles",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0059.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"106",
+		"des":"Schemas function as models. Schema management allows multiple users to use the same database without mutual impacts, to organize database objects as manageable logical gr",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Schema,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Schema",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0060.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"107",
+		"des":"To grant the permission for an object directly to a user, use GRANT.When permissions for a table or view in a schema are granted to a user or role, the USAGE permission o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"User Permission Setting,Managing Users and Their Permissions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"User Permission Setting",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0063.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"108",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Setting Security Policies",
+		"title":"Setting Security Policies",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0064.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"109",
+		"des":"For data security purposes, GaussDB(DWS) provides a series of security measures, such as automatically locking and unlocking accounts, manually locking and unlocking abno",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Setting Account Security Policies,Setting Security Policies,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Setting Account Security Policies",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0065.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"110",
+		"des":"When creating a user, you need to specify the validity period of the user, including the start time and end time.To enable a user not within the validity period to use it",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Setting the Validity Period of an Account,Setting Security Policies,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Setting the Validity Period of an Account",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0067.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"111",
+		"des":"User passwords are stored in the system catalog pg_authid. To prevent password leakage, GaussDB(DWS) encrypts and stores the user passwords.Password complexityThe passwor",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Setting a User Password,Setting Security Policies,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Setting a User Password",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0994.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"112",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Sensitive Data Management",
+		"title":"Sensitive Data Management",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0061.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"113",
+		"des":"The row-level access control feature enables database access control to be accurate to each row of data tables. In this way, the same SQL query may return different resul",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Row-Level Access Control,Sensitive Data Management,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Row-Level Access Control",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0062.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"114",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides the column-level dynamic data masking (DDM) function. For sensitive data, such as the ID card number, mobile number, and bank card number, the DDM f",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Redaction,Sensitive Data Management,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Redaction",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0995.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"115",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) supports encryption and decryption of strings using the following functions:gs_encrypt(encryptstr, keystr, cryptotype, cryptomode, hashmethod)Description: En",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption,Sensitive Data Management,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0074.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"116",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Development and Design Proposal",
+		"title":"Development and Design Proposal",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0075.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"117",
+		"des":"This chapter describes the design specifications for database modeling and application development. Modeling compliant with these specifications fits the distributed proc",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Development and Design Proposal,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Development and Design Proposal",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0076.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"118",
+		"des":"The name of a database object must contain 1 to 63 characters, start with a letter or underscore (_), and can contain letters, digits, underscores (_), dollar signs ($), ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Database Object Naming Conventions,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Database Object Naming Conventions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0077.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"119",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Database Object Design",
+		"title":"Database Object Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0078.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"120",
+		"des":"In GaussDB(DWS), services can be isolated by databases and schemas. Databases share little resources and cannot directly access each other. Connections to and permissions",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Database and Schema Design,Database Object Design,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Database and Schema Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0079.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"121",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) uses a distributed architecture. Data is distributed on DNs. Comply with the following principles to properly design a table:[Notice] Evenly distribute data ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Table Design,Database Object Design,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Table Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0080.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"122",
+		"des":"Comply with the following rules to improve query efficiency when you design columns:[Proposal] Use the most efficient data types allowed.If all of the following number ty",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Column Design,Database Object Design,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Column Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0081.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"123",
+		"des":"[Proposal] If all the column values can be obtained from services, you are not advised to use the DEFAULT constraint, because doing so will generate unexpected results du",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Constraint Design,Database Object Design,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Constraint Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0082.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"124",
+		"des":"[Proposal] Do not nest views unless they have strong dependency on each other.[Proposal] Try to avoid sort operations in a view definition.[Proposal] Minimize joined colu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"View and Joined Table Design,Database Object Design,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"View and Joined Table Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0083.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"125",
+		"des":"Currently, third-party tools are connected to GaussDB(DWS) trough JDBC. This section describes the precautions for configuring the tools.[Notice] When a third-party tool ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JDBC Configuration,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"JDBC Configuration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0084.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"126",
+		"des":"[Proposal] In GaussDB(DWS), you are advised to execute DDL operations, such as creating table or making comments, separately from batch processing jobs to avoid performan",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQL Compilation,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQL Compilation",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0971.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"127",
+		"des":"[Notice] Java UDFs can perform some Java logic calculation. Do not encapsulate services in Java UDFs.[Notice] Do not connect to a database in any way (for example, by usi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PL/Java Usage,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PL/Java Usage",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0972.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"128",
+		"des":"Development shall strictly comply with design documents.Program modules shall be highly cohesive and loosely coupled.Proper, comprehensive troubleshooting measures shall ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PL/pgSQL Usage,Development and Design Proposal,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PL/pgSQL Usage",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0085.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"129",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development",
+		"title":"Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0086.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"130",
+		"des":"If the connection pool mechanism is used during application development, comply with the following specifications:If GUC parameters are set in the connection, before you ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Development Specifications,Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Development Specifications",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0087.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"131",
+		"des":"For details, see section \"Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver\" in the Data Warehouse Service User Guide.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Downloading Drivers,Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Downloading Drivers",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0088.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"132",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JDBC-Based Development",
+		"title":"JDBC-Based Development",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0090.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"133",
+		"des":"Obtain the package dws_8.1.x_jdbc_driver.zip from the management console. For details, see Downloading Drivers.Compressed in it is the JDBC driver JAR package:gsjdbc4.jar",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JDBC Package and Driver Class,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"JDBC Package and Driver Class",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0091.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"134",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Development Process,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Development Process",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0092.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"135",
+		"des":"Load the database driver before creating a database connection.You can load the driver in the following ways:Implicitly loading the driver before creating a connection in",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Loading a Driver,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Loading a Driver",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0093.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"136",
+		"des":"After a database is connected, you can execute SQL statements in the database.If you use an open-source Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver, ensure that the database",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Connecting to a Database,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Connecting to a Database",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0095.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"137",
+		"des":"The application performs data (parameter statements do not need to be transferred) in the database by running SQL statements, and you need to perform the following steps:",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Executing SQL Statements,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Executing SQL Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0096.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"138",
+		"des":"Different types of result sets are applicable to different application scenarios. Applications select proper types of result sets based on requirements. Before executing ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Processing Data in a Result Set,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Processing Data in a Result Set",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0097.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"139",
+		"des":"After you complete required data operations in the database, close the database connection.Call the close method to close the connection, such as, conn. close().",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Closing the Connection,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Closing the Connection",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0098.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"140",
+		"des":"Before completing the following example, you need to create a stored procedure.This example illustrates how to develop applications based on the GaussDB(DWS) JDBC interfa",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Common Operations,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Example: Common Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0099.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"141",
+		"des":"If the primary DN is faulty and cannot be restored within 40s, its standby is automatically promoted to primary to ensure the normal running of the cluster. Jobs running ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0100.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"142",
+		"des":"When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on GaussDB(DWS), you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files,JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0101.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"143",
+		"des":"The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS),JDBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0102.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"144",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JDBC Interface Reference",
+		"title":"JDBC Interface Reference",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0103.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"145",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.Connection, the interface for connecting to a database.The AutoCommit mode is used by default within the interface. If you disable it runn",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.Connection,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.Connection",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0104.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"146",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.CallableStatement, the stored procedure execution interface.The batch operation of statements containing OUT parameter is not allowed.The ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.CallableStatement,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.CallableStatement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0105.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"147",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.DatabaseMetaData, the interface for defining database objects.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.DatabaseMetaData,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.DatabaseMetaData",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0106.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"148",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.Driver, the database driver interface.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.Driver,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.Driver",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0107.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"149",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.PreparedStatement, the interface for preparing statements.Execute addBatch() and execute() only after running clearBatch().Batch is not cl",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.PreparedStatement,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.PreparedStatement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0108.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"150",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.ResultSet, the interface for execution result sets.One Statement cannot have multiple open ResultSets.The cursor that is used for traversi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.ResultSet,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.ResultSet",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0109.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"151",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.ResultSetMetaData, which provides details about ResultSet object information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.ResultSetMetaData,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.ResultSetMetaData",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0110.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"152",
+		"des":"This section describes java.sql.Statement, the interface for executing SQL statements.Using setFetchSize can reduce the memory occupied by result sets on the client. Resu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"java.sql.Statement,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"java.sql.Statement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0111.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"153",
+		"des":"This section describes javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource, the interface for data source connection pools.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0112.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"154",
+		"des":"This section describes javax.sql.DataSource, the interface for data sources.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"javax.sql.DataSource,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"javax.sql.DataSource",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0113.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"155",
+		"des":"This section describes javax.sql.PooledConnection, the connection interface created by a connection pool.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"javax.sql.PooledConnection,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"javax.sql.PooledConnection",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0114.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"156",
+		"des":"This section describes javax.naming.Context, the context interface for connection configuration.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"javax.naming.Context,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"javax.naming.Context",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0115.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"157",
+		"des":"This section describes javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory, the initial context factory interface.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0116.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"158",
+		"des":"CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in GaussDB(DWS). It is used to import data to GaussDB(DWS) in batches.The CopyManager class is in the or",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CopyManager,JDBC Interface Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CopyManager",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0117.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"159",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ODBC-Based Development",
+		"title":"ODBC-Based Development",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0118.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"160",
+		"des":"Obtain the dws_8.1.x_odbc_driver_for_xxx_xxx.zip package from the release package. In the Linux OS, header files (including sql.h and sqlext.h) and library (libodbc.so) a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files,ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0119.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"161",
+		"des":"The ODBC DRIVER (psqlodbcw.so) provided by GaussDB(DWS) can be used after it has been configured in the data source. To configure data sources, users must configure the o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS,ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0120.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"162",
+		"des":"Configure the ODBC data source using the ODBC data source manager preinstalled in the Windows OS.Decompress GaussDB-8.1.1-Windows-Odbc.tar.gz and install psqlodbc.msi (fo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS,ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0123.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"163",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ODBC Development Example,ODBC-Based Development,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ODBC Development Example",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0124.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"164",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ODBC Interfaces",
+		"title":"ODBC Interfaces",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0125.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"165",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocEnv (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLAllocEnv,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLAllocEnv",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0126.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"166",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocConnect (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLAllocConnect,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLAllocConnect",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0127.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"167",
+		"des":"SQLAllocHandle allocates environment, connection, or statement handles. This function is a generic function for allocating handles that replaces the deprecated ODBC 2.x f",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLAllocHandle,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLAllocHandle",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0128.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"168",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocStmt was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLAllocStmt,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLAllocStmt",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0129.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"169",
+		"des":"SQLBindCol is used to associate (bind) columns in a result set to an application data buffer.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLBindCol,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLBindCol",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0130.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"170",
+		"des":"SQLBindParameter is used to associate (bind) parameter markers in an SQL statement to a buffer.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLBindParameter,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLBindParameter",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0131.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"171",
+		"des":"SQLColAttribute returns the descriptor information about a column in the result set.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some war",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLColAttribute,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLColAttribute",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0132.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"172",
+		"des":"SQLConnect establishes a connection between a driver and a data source. After the connection, the connection handle can be used to access all information about the data s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLConnect,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLConnect",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0133.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"173",
+		"des":"SQLDisconnect closes the connection associated with the database connection handle.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warn",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLDisconnect,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLDisconnect",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0134.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"174",
+		"des":"SQLExecDirect executes a prepared SQL statement specified in this parameter. This is the fastest execution method for executing only one SQL statement at a time.SQL_SUCCE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLExecDirect,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLExecDirect",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0135.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"175",
+		"des":"The SQLExecute function executes a prepared SQL statement using SQLPrepare. The statement is executed using the current value of any application variables that were bound",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLExecute,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLExecute",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0136.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"176",
+		"des":"SQLFetch advances the cursor to the next row of the result set and retrieves any bound columns.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLFetch,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLFetch",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0137.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"177",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeStmt (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLFreeStmt,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLFreeStmt",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0138.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"178",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeConnect (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLFreeConnect,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLFreeConnect",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0139.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"179",
+		"des":"SQLFreeHandle releases resources associated with a specific environment, connection, or statement handle. It replaces the ODBC 2.x functions: SQLFreeEnv, SQLFreeConnect, ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLFreeHandle,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLFreeHandle",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0140.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"180",
+		"des":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeEnv (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLFreeEnv,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLFreeEnv",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0141.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"181",
+		"des":"SQLPrepare prepares an SQL statement to be executed.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLPrepare,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLPrepare",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0142.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"182",
+		"des":"SQLGetData retrieves data for a single column in the current row of the result set. It can be called for many times to retrieve data of variable lengths.SQL_SUCCESS indic",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLGetData,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLGetData",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0143.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"183",
+		"des":"SQLGetDiagRec returns the current values of multiple fields of a diagnostic record that contains error, warning, and status information.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the cal",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLGetDiagRec,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLGetDiagRec",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0144.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"184",
+		"des":"SQLSetConnectAttr sets connection attributes.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQL_ERROR",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLSetConnectAttr,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLSetConnectAttr",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0145.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"185",
+		"des":"SQLSetEnvAttr sets environment attributes.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQL_ERROR in",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLSetEnvAttr,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLSetEnvAttr",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0146.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"186",
+		"des":"SQLSetStmtAttr sets attributes related to a statement.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQLSetStmtAttr,ODBC Interfaces,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQLSetStmtAttr",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0301.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"187",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PostGIS Extension",
+		"title":"PostGIS Extension",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0302.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"188",
+		"des":"The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PostGIS,PostGIS Extension,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PostGIS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0304.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"189",
+		"des":"The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using PostGIS,PostGIS Extension,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using PostGIS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0305.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"190",
+		"des":"In GaussDB(DWS), PostGIS Extension support the following data types:box2dbox3dgeometry_dumpgeometrygeographyrasterIf PostGIS is used by a user other than the creator of t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PostGIS Support and Constraints,PostGIS Extension,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PostGIS Support and Constraints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0306.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"191",
+		"des":"This document contains open source software notice for the product. And this document is confidential information of copyright holder. Recipient shall protect it in due c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS),PostGIS Extension,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0393.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"192",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Resource Monitoring",
+		"title":"Resource Monitoring",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0394.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"193",
+		"des":"In the multi-tenant management framework, you can query the real-time or historical usage of all user resources (including memory, CPU cores, storage space, temporary spa",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"User Resource Query,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"User Resource Query",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0395.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"194",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides a view for monitoring the memory usage of the entire cluster.Query the pgxc_total_memory_detail view as a user with sysadmin permissions.SELECT * FR",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Monitoring Memory Resources,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Monitoring Memory Resources",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0396.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"195",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides system catalogs for monitoring the resource usage of CNs and DNs (including memory, CPU usage, disk I/O, process physical I/O, and process logical I",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Instance Resource Monitoring,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Instance Resource Monitoring",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0397.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"196",
+		"des":"You can query real-time Top SQL in real-time resource monitoring views at different levels. The real-time resource monitoring view records the resource usage (including m",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Real-time TopSQL,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Real-time TopSQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0398.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"197",
+		"des":"You can query historical Top SQL in historical resource monitoring views. The historical resource monitoring view records the resource usage (of memory, disk, CPU time, a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Historical TopSQL,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Historical TopSQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0399.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"198",
+		"des":"In this section, TPC-DS sample data is used as an example to describe how to query Real-time TopSQL and Historical TopSQL.To query for historical or archived resource mon",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"TopSQL Query Example,Resource Monitoring,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"TopSQL Query Example",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0400.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"199",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query Performance Optimization",
+		"title":"Query Performance Optimization",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0402.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"200",
+		"des":"The aim of SQL optimization is to maximize the utilization of resources, including CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network I/O. To maximize resource utilization is to run SQL ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview of Query Performance Optimization,Query Performance Optimization,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview of Query Performance Optimization",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0403.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"201",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query Analysis",
+		"title":"Query Analysis",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0409.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"202",
+		"des":"The process from receiving SQL statements to the statement execution by the SQL engine is shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The texts in red are steps where database adminis",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query Execution Process,Query Analysis,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Query Execution Process",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0410.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"203",
+		"des":"The SQL execution plan is a node tree, which displays detailed procedure when GaussDB(DWS) runs an SQL statement. A database operator indicates one step.You can run the E",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview of the SQL Execution Plan,Query Analysis,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview of the SQL Execution Plan",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0411.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"204",
+		"des":"As described in Overview of the SQL Execution Plan, EXPLAIN displays the execution plan, but will not actually run SQL statements. EXPLAIN ANALYZE and EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan,Query Analysis,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0412.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"205",
+		"des":"This section describes how to query SQL statements whose execution takes a long time, leading to poor system performance.After the query, query statements are returned as",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most,Query Analysis,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0413.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"206",
+		"des":"During database running, query statements are blocked in some service scenarios and run for an excessively long time. In this case, you can forcibly terminate the faulty ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Checking Blocked Statements,Query Analysis,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Checking Blocked Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0430.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"207",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query Improvement",
+		"title":"Query Improvement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0435.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"208",
+		"des":"You can analyze slow SQL statements to optimize them.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimization Process,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimization Process",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0436.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"209",
+		"des":"In a database, statistics indicate the source data of a plan generated by a planner. If no collection statistics are available or out of date, the execution plan may seri",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Updating Statistics,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Updating Statistics",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0437.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"210",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition",
+		"title":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0438.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"211",
+		"des":"In a distributed framework, data is distributed on DNs. Data on one or more DNs is stored on a physical storage device. To properly define a table, you must:Evenly distri",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guid",
+		"title":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0439.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"212",
+		"des":"During database design, some key factors about table design will greatly affect the subsequent query performance of the database. Table design affects data storage as wel",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Selecting a Storage Model,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Selecting a Storage Model",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0440.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"213",
+		"des":"In replication mode, full data in a table is copied to each DN in the cluster. This mode is used for tables containing a small volume of data. Full data in a table stored",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Selecting a Distribution Mode,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Selecting a Distribution Mode",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0441.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"214",
+		"des":"The distribution column in a hash table must meet the following requirements, which are ranked by priority in descending order:The value of the distribution column should",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Selecting a Distribution Column,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Selecting a Distribution Column",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0442.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"215",
+		"des":"Partial Cluster Key is the column-based technology. It can minimize or maximize sparse indexes to quickly filter base tables. Partial cluster key can specify multiple col",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using Partial Clustering,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using Partial Clustering",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0443.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"216",
+		"des":"Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific schemes. The table based on the logic is called a partit",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Using Partitioned Tables,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Using Partitioned Tables",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0444.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"217",
+		"des":"Use the following principles to obtain efficient data types:Using the data type that can be efficiently executedGenerally, calculation of integers (including common compa",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Selecting a Data Type,Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Selecting a Data Type",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0445.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"218",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Typical SQL Optimization Methods",
+		"title":"Typical SQL Optimization Methods",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0446.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"219",
+		"des":"Performance issues may occur when you query data or run the INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, or CREATE TABLE AS statement. You can query the warning column in the GS_WLM_SESSION_S",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQL Self-Diagnosis,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SQL Self-Diagnosis",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0447.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"220",
+		"des":"Currently, the GaussDB(DWS) optimizer can use three methods to develop statement execution policies in the distributed framework: generating a statement pushdown plan, a ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizing Statement Pushdown,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizing Statement Pushdown",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0448.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"221",
+		"des":"When an application runs a SQL statement to operate the database, a large number of subqueries are used because they are more clear than table join. Especially in complic",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizing Subqueries,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizing Subqueries",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0449.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"222",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) generates optimal execution plans based on the cost estimation. Optimizers need to estimate the number of data rows and the cost based on statistics collecte",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizing Statistics,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizing Statistics",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0450.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"223",
+		"des":"A query statement needs to go through multiple operator procedures to generate the final result. Sometimes, the overall query performance deteriorates due to long executi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizing Operators,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizing Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0451.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"224",
+		"des":"Data skew breaks the balance among nodes in the distributed MPP architecture. If the amount of data stored or processed by a node is much greater than that by other nodes",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizing Data Skew,Typical SQL Optimization Methods,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizing Data Skew",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0452.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"225",
+		"des":"Based on the database SQL execution mechanism and a large number of practices, summarize finds that: using rules of a certain SQL statement, on the basis of the so that t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0453.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"226",
+		"des":"This section describes the key CN parameters that affect GaussDB(DWS) SQL tuning performance. For details about how to configure these parameters, see Configuring GUC Par",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0454.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"227",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Hint-based Tuning",
+		"title":"Hint-based Tuning",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0455.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"228",
+		"des":"In plan hints, you can specify a join order, join, stream, and scan operations, the number of rows in a result, and redistribution skew information to tune an execution p",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Plan Hint Optimization,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Plan Hint Optimization",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0456.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"229",
+		"des":"Theses hints specify the join order and outer/inner tables.Specify only the join order.Specify the join order and outer/inner tables. The outer/inner tables are specified",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Join Order Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Join Order Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0457.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"230",
+		"des":"Specifies the join method. It can be nested loop join, hash join, or merge join.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table_list specifies the ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Join Operation Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Join Operation Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0458.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"231",
+		"des":"These hints specify the number of rows in an intermediate result set. Both absolute values and relative values are supported.#,+,-, and * are operators used for hinting t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Rows Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Rows Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0459.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"232",
+		"des":"These hints specify a stream operation, which can be broadcast or redistribute.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table_list specifies the t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stream Operation Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Stream Operation Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0460.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"233",
+		"des":"These hints specify a scan operation, which can be tablescan, indexscan, or indexonlyscan.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table specifies",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Scan Operation Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Scan Operation Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0461.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"234",
+		"des":"These hints specify the name of a sublink block.table indicates the name you have specified for a sublink block.This hint is used by an outer query only when a sublink is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Sublink Name Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Sublink Name Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0462.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"235",
+		"des":"Theses hints specify redistribution keys containing skew data and skew values, and are used to optimize redistribution involving Join or HashAgg.Specify single-table skew",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Skew Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Skew Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0463.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"236",
+		"des":"A hint, or a GUC hint, specifies a configuration parameter value when a plan is generated. Currently, only the following parameters are supported:agg_redistribute_enhance",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuration Parameter Hints,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuration Parameter Hints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0464.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"237",
+		"des":"Plan hints change an execution plan. You can run EXPLAIN to view the changes.Hints containing errors are invalid and do not affect statement execution. The errors will be",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0465.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"238",
+		"des":"This section takes the statements in TPC-DS (Q24) as an example to describe how to optimize an execution plan by using hints in 1000X+24DN environments. For example:The o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Plan Hint Cases,Hint-based Tuning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Plan Hint Cases",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0466.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"239",
+		"des":"To ensure proper database running, after INSERT and DELETE operations, you need to routinely do VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE as appropriate for customer scenarios and update s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Routinely Maintaining Tables,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Routinely Maintaining Tables",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0467.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"240",
+		"des":"When data deletion is repeatedly performed in the database, index keys will be deleted from the index page, resulting in index distention. Recreating an index routinely i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Routinely Recreating an Index,Query Improvement,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Routinely Recreating an Index",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0468.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"241",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuring the SMP",
+		"title":"Configuring the SMP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0469.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"242",
+		"des":"The SMP feature improves the performance through operator parallelism and occupies more system resources, including CPU, memory, network, and I/O. Actually, SMP is a meth",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Application Scenarios and Restrictions,Configuring the SMP,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Application Scenarios and Restrictions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0470.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"243",
+		"des":"The SMP architecture uses abundant resources to obtain time. After the plan parallelism is executed, the resource consumption is added, including the CPU, memory, I/O, an",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Resource Impact on SMP Performance,Configuring the SMP,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Resource Impact on SMP Performance",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0471.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"244",
+		"des":"Besides resource factors, there are other factors that impact the SMP parallelism performance, such as unevenly data distributed in a partitioned table and system paralle",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance,Configuring the SMP,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0472.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"245",
+		"des":"Starting from this version, SMP auto adaptation is enabled. For newly deployed clusters, the default value of query_dop is 0, and SMP parameters have been adjusted. To en",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings,Configuring the SMP,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0473.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"246",
+		"des":"To manually optimize SMP, you need to be familiar with Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings. This section describes how to optimize SMP.The CPU, memory, I/O, and networ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions,Configuring the SMP,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0474.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"247",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimization Cases",
+		"title":"Optimization Cases",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0475.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"248",
+		"des":"Tables are defined as follows:The following query is executed:If a is the distribution column of t1 and t2:Then Streaming exists in the execution plan and the data volume",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0476.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"249",
+		"des":"Query the information about all personnel in the sales department.The original execution plan is as follows before creating the places.place_id and states.state_id indexe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Creating an Appropriate Index,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Creating an Appropriate Index",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0477.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"250",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the execution plan.As shown in Figure 1, the sequential scan phase is time consuming.The JOIN performance is poor because a large number of null values exi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0478.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"251",
+		"des":"In an execution plan, more than 95% of the execution time is spent on window agg performed on the CN. In this case, sum is performed for the two columns separately, and t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0479.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"252",
+		"des":"If bit0 of cost_param is set to 1, an improved mechanism is used for estimating the selection rate of non-equi-joins. This method is more accurate for estimating the sele",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0480.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"253",
+		"des":"During a site test, the information is displayed after EXPLAIN ANALYZE is executed:According to the execution information, HashJoin becomes the performance bottleneck of ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0481.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"254",
+		"des":"Information on the EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE at a site is as follows: As shown in the red boxes, two performance bottlenecks are scan operations in a table.After further analys",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0482.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"255",
+		"des":"In the GaussDB(DWS) database, row-store tables use the row execution engine, and column-store tables use the column execution engine. If both row-store table and column-s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0483.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"256",
+		"des":"During the test at a site, if the following execution plan is performed, the customer expects that the performance can be improved and the result can be returned within 3",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0484.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"257",
+		"des":"In the following simple SQL statements, the performance bottlenecks exist in the scan operation of dwcjk.Obviously, there are date features in the cjrq field of table dat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0485.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"258",
+		"des":"The t1 table is defined as follows:Assume that the distribution column of the result set provided by the agg lower-layer operator is setA, and the group by column of the ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0486.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"259",
+		"des":"This SQL performance is poor. SubPlan exists in the execution plan as follows:The core of this optimization is to eliminate subqueries. Based on the service scenario anal",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1),Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0487.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"260",
+		"des":"On a site, the customer gave the feedback saying that the execution time of the following SQL statements lasted over one day and did not end:The corresponding execution p",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2),Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0488.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"261",
+		"des":"In a test at a site, ddw_f10_op_cust_asset_mon is a partitioned table and the partition key is year_mth whose value is a combined string of month and year values.The foll",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0489.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"262",
+		"des":"in-clause/any-clause is a common SQL statement constraint. Sometimes, the clause following in or any is a constant. For example:orSome special usages are as follows:Where",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0490.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"263",
+		"des":"You can add PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY(column_name[,...]) to the definition of a column-store table to set one or more columns of this table as partial cluster keys. In this way",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys,Optimization Cases,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0491.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"264",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQL Execution Troubleshooting",
+		"title":"SQL Execution Troubleshooting",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0492.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"265",
+		"des":"A query task that used to take a few milliseconds to complete is now requiring several seconds, and that used to take several seconds is now requiring even half an hour. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Low Query Efficiency,SQL Execution Troubleshooting,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Low Query Efficiency",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0494.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"266",
+		"des":"DROP TABLE fails to be executed in the following scenarios:A user runs the \\dt+ command using gsql and finds that the table_name table does not exist. When the user runs ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed,SQL Execution Troubleshooting,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0495.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"267",
+		"des":"Two users log in to the same database human_resource and run the select count(*) from areas statement separately to query the areas table, but obtain different results.Ch",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users,SQL Execution Troubleshooti",
+		"title":"Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0496.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"268",
+		"des":"The following error is reported during the integer conversion:Some data types cannot be converted to the target data type.Gradually narrow down the range of SQL statement",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion,SQL Execution Troubleshooting,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0497.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"269",
+		"des":"With automatic retry (referred to as CN retry), GaussDB(DWS) retries an SQL statement when the execution of this statement fails. If an SQL statement sent from the gsql c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors,SQL Execution Troubleshooting,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0970.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"270",
+		"des":"To improve the cluster performance, you can use multiple methods to optimize the database, including hardware configuration, software driver upgrade, and internal paramet",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design,Query Performance Optimization,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0507.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"271",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"User-Defined Functions",
+		"title":"User-Defined Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0509.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"272",
+		"des":"With the GaussDB(DWS) PL/Java functions, you can choose your favorite Java IDE to write Java methods and install the JAR files containing these methods into the GaussDB(D",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PL/Java Functions,User-Defined Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PL/Java Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0511.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"273",
+		"des":"PL/pgSQL is similar to PL/SQL of Oracle. It is a loadable procedural language.The functions created using PL/pgSQL can be used in any place where you can use built-in fun",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PL/pgSQL Functions,User-Defined Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PL/pgSQL Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0512.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"274",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stored Procedures",
+		"title":"Stored Procedures",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0513.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"275",
+		"des":"In GaussDB(DWS), business rules and logics are saved as stored procedures.A stored procedure is a combination of SQL, PL/SQL, and Java statements, enabling business rule ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stored Procedure,Stored Procedures,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Stored Procedure",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0514.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"276",
+		"des":"A data type refers to a value set and an operation set defined on the value set. A GaussDB(DWS) database consists of tables, each of which is defined by its own columns. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Types,Stored Procedures,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0515.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"277",
+		"des":"Certain data types in the database support implicit data type conversions, such as assignments and parameters invoked by functions. For other data types, you can use the ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Type Conversion,Stored Procedures,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Type Conversion",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0516.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"278",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Arrays and Records",
+		"title":"Arrays and Records",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0517.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"279",
+		"des":"Before the use of arrays, an array type needs to be defined:Define an array type immediately after the AS keyword in a stored procedure. Run the following statement:TYPE ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Arrays,Arrays and Records,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Arrays",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0518.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"280",
+		"des":"Perform the following operations to create a record variable:Define a record type and use this type to declare a variable.For the syntax of the record type, see Figure 1.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"record,Arrays and Records,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"record",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0519.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"281",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Syntax",
+		"title":"Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0520.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"282",
+		"des":"A PL/SQL block can contain a sub-block which can be placed in any section. The following describes the architecture of a PL/SQL block:DECLARE: declares variables, types, ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Basic Structure,Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Basic Structure",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0521.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"283",
+		"des":"An anonymous block applies to a script infrequently executed or a one-off activity. An anonymous block is executed in a session and is not stored.Figure 1 shows the synta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Anonymous Block,Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Anonymous Block",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0522.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"284",
+		"des":"A subprogram stores stored procedures, functions, operators, and advanced packages. A subprogram created in a database can be called by other programs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Subprogram,Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Subprogram",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0523.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"285",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Basic Statements",
+		"title":"Basic Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0524.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"286",
+		"des":"This section describes the declaration of variables in the PL/SQL and the scope of this variable in codes.For details about the variable declaration syntax, see Figure 1.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Variable Definition Statement,Basic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Variable Definition Statement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0525.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"287",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for assigning a value to a variable.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:variable_name indicates the name of a variable.valu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Assignment Statement,Basic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Assignment Statement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0526.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"288",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for calling a clause.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:procedure_name specifies the name of a stored procedure.parameter ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Call Statement,Basic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Call Statement",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0527.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"289",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Dynamic Statements",
+		"title":"Dynamic Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0528.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"290",
+		"des":"You can perform dynamic queries using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or OPEN FOR in GaussDB(DWS). EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamically executes SELECT statements and OPEN FOR combines use of",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Executing Dynamic Query Statements,Dynamic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Executing Dynamic Query Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0529.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"291",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram.Figure 2 shows the syntax diagram for using_clause.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:USING IN bind_argument is used to sp",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements,Dynamic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0530.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"292",
+		"des":"This section describes how to dynamically call store procedures. You must use anonymous statement blocks to package stored procedures or statement blocks and append IN an",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures,Dynamic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0531.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"293",
+		"des":"This section describes how to execute anonymous blocks in dynamic statements. Append IN and OUT behind the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE...USING statement to input and output paramet",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks,Dynamic Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0532.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"294",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Control Statements",
+		"title":"Control Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0533.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"295",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"RETURN Statements",
+		"title":"RETURN Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0534.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"296",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for a return statement.The syntax details are as follows:This statement returns control from a stored procedure or function to a caller.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"RETURN,RETURN Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"RETURN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0535.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"297",
+		"des":"When creating a function, specify SETOF datatype for the return values.return_next_clause::=return_query_clause::=The syntax details are as follows:If a function needs to",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY,RETURN Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0536.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"298",
+		"des":"Conditional statements are used to decide whether given conditions are met. Operations are executed based on the decisions made.GaussDB(DWS) supports five usages of IF:IF",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Conditional Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Conditional Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0537.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"299",
+		"des":"The syntax diagram is as follows.Example:The loop must be exploited together with EXIT; otherwise, a dead loop occurs.The syntax diagram is as follows.If the conditional ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Loop Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Loop Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0538.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"300",
+		"des":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram.Figure 2 shows the syntax diagram for when_clause.Parameter description:case_expression: specifies the variable or expression.when_expre",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Branch Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Branch Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0539.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"301",
+		"des":"In PL/SQL programs, NULL statements are used to indicate \"nothing should be done\", equal to placeholders. They grant meanings to some statements and improve program reada",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"NULL Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"NULL Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0540.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"302",
+		"des":"By default, any error occurring in a PL/SQL function aborts execution of the function, and indeed of the surrounding transaction as well. You can trap errors and restore ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Error Trapping Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Error Trapping Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0541.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"303",
+		"des":"The GOTO statement unconditionally transfers the control from the current statement to a labeled statement. The GOTO statement changes the execution logic. Therefore, use",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GOTO Statements,Control Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GOTO Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0542.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"304",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Statements",
+		"title":"Other Statements",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0543.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"305",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides multiple lock modes to control concurrent accesses to table data. These modes are used when Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) cannot give exp",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Lock Operations,Other Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Lock Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0544.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"306",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides cursors as a data buffer for users to store execution results of SQL statements. Each cursor region has a name. Users can use SQL statements to obta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Cursor Operations,Other Statements,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Cursor Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0545.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"307",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Cursors",
+		"title":"Cursors",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0546.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"308",
+		"des":"To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store context association. Cursors are handles or pointers to context areas. With curs",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Cursors,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0547.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"309",
+		"des":"An explicit cursor is used to process query statements, particularly when the query results contain multiple records.An explicit cursor performs the following six PL/SQL ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Explicit Cursor,Cursors,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Explicit Cursor",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0548.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"310",
+		"des":"The system automatically sets implicit cursors for non-query statements, such as ALTER and DROP, and creates work areas for these statements. These implicit cursors are n",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Implicit Cursor,Cursors,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Implicit Cursor",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0549.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"311",
+		"des":"The use of cursors in WHILE and LOOP statements is called a cursor loop. Generally, OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements are needed in cursor loop. The following describes a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Cursor Loop,Cursors,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Cursor Loop",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0550.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"312",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Advanced Packages",
+		"title":"Advanced Packages",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0551.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"313",
+		"des":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_LOB package.DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTHSpecifies the length of a LOB type object obtained and returned by the stored procedur",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBMS_LOB,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBMS_LOB",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0552.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"314",
+		"des":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_RANDOM package.DBMS_RANDOM.SEEDThe stored procedure SEED is used to set a seed for a random number. The DBMS_RANDOM.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBMS_RANDOM,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBMS_RANDOM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0553.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"315",
+		"des":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_OUTPUT package.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINEThe PUT_LINE procedure writes a row of text carrying a line end symbol in the buf",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBMS_OUTPUT,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBMS_OUTPUT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0554.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"316",
+		"des":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the UTL_RAW package.The external representation of the RAW type data is hexadecimal and its internal storage form is binary. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UTL_RAW,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UTL_RAW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0555.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"317",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists all interfaces supported by the DBMS_JOB package.DBMS_JOB.SUBMITThe stored procedure SUBMIT submits a job provided by the system.A prototype of the DBMS_JOB",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBMS_JOB,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBMS_JOB",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0556.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"318",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists interfaces supported by the DBMS_SQL package.You are advised to use dbms_sql.define_column and dbms_sql.column_value to define columns.If the size of the re",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBMS_SQL,Advanced Packages,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBMS_SQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0558.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"319",
+		"des":"RAISE has the following five syntax formats:Parameter description:The level option is used to specify the error level, that is, DEBUG, LOG, INFO, NOTICE, WARNING, or EXCE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Debugging,Stored Procedures,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Debugging",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0559.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"320",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Catalogs and System Views",
+		"title":"System Catalogs and System Views",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0560.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"321",
+		"des":"System catalogs are used by GaussDB(DWS) to store structure metadata. They are a core component the GaussDB(DWS) database system and provide control information for the d",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview of System Catalogs and System Views,System Catalogs and System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview of System Catalogs and System Views",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0561.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"322",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Catalogs",
+		"title":"System Catalogs",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0562.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"323",
+		"des":"GS_OBSSCANINFO defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_OBSSCANINFO,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_OBSSCANINFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0564.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"324",
+		"des":"The GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY system catalog stores information about resource usage related to CN or DN instances. Each record in the system table indicates the resource u",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0565.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"325",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO records operators of completed jobs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog.This system catalog's schema is dbms_om.This system catal",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0566.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"326",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO records load management information about a completed job executed on all CNs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog.This system cata",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0567.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"327",
+		"des":"The GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY system table stores information about resources used by users and is valid only on CNs. Each record in the system table indicates the res",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0568.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"328",
+		"des":"pg_aggregate records information about aggregation functions. Each entry in pg_aggregate is an extension of an entry in pg_proc. The pg_proc entry carries the aggregate's",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AGGREGATE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AGGREGATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0569.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"329",
+		"des":"PG_AM records information about index access methods. There is one row for each index access method supported by the system.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AM,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0570.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"330",
+		"des":"PG_AMOP records information about operators associated with access method operator families. There is one row for each operator that is a member of an operator family. A ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AMOP,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AMOP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0571.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"331",
+		"des":"PG_AMPROC records information about the support procedures associated with the access method operator families. There is one row for each support procedure belonging to a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AMPROC,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AMPROC",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0572.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"332",
+		"des":"PG_ATTRDEF stores default values of columns.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_ATTRDEF,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_ATTRDEF",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0573.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"333",
+		"des":"PG_ATTRIBUTE records information about table columns.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_ATTRIBUTE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_ATTRIBUTE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0574.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"334",
+		"des":"PG_AUTHID records information about the database authentication identifiers (roles). The concept of users is contained in that of roles. A user is actually a role whose r",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AUTHID,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AUTHID",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0575.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"335",
+		"des":"PG_AUTH_HISTORY records the authentication history of the role. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AUTH_HISTORY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AUTH_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0576.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"336",
+		"des":"PG_AUTH_MEMBERS records the membership relations between roles.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AUTH_MEMBERS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AUTH_MEMBERS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0577.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"337",
+		"des":"PG_CAST records conversion relationships between data types.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CAST,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CAST",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0578.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"338",
+		"des":"PG_CLASS records database objects and their relations.View the OID and relfilenode of a table.Count row-store tables.Count column-store tables.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CLASS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CLASS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0579.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"339",
+		"des":"PG_COLLATION records the available collations, which are essentially mappings from an SQL name to operating system locale categories.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COLLATION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COLLATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0580.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"340",
+		"des":"PG_CONSTRAINT records check, primary key, unique, and foreign key constraints on the tables.consrc is not updated when referenced objects change; for example, it will not",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CONSTRAINT,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CONSTRAINT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0581.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"341",
+		"des":"PG_CONVERSION records encoding conversion information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CONVERSION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CONVERSION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0582.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"342",
+		"des":"PG_DATABASE records information about the available databases.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_DATABASE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0583.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"343",
+		"des":"PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING records the default values of configuration items bonded to each role and database when the database is running.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0584.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"344",
+		"des":"PG_DEFAULT_ACL records the initial privileges assigned to the newly created objects.Run the following command to view the initial permissions of the new user role1:You ca",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_DEFAULT_ACL,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_DEFAULT_ACL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0585.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"345",
+		"des":"PG_DEPEND records the dependency relationships between database objects. This information allows DROP commands to find which other objects must be dropped by DROP CASCADE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_DEPEND,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_DEPEND",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0586.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"346",
+		"des":"PG_DESCRIPTION records optional descriptions (comments) for each database object. Descriptions of many built-in system objects are provided in the initial contents of PG_",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_DESCRIPTION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_DESCRIPTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0588.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"347",
+		"des":"PG_ENUM records entries showing the values and labels for each enum type. The internal representation of a given enum value is actually the OID of its associated row in p",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_ENUM,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_ENUM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0589.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"348",
+		"des":"PG_EXTENSION records information about the installed extensions. By default, GaussDB(DWS) has 12 extensions, that is, PLPGSQL, DIST_FDW, FILE_FDW, HDFS_FDW, HSTORE, PLDBG",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_EXTENSION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_EXTENSION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0590.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"349",
+		"des":"PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE records information about external data source. An external data source contains information about an external database, such as its password enc",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0591.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"350",
+		"des":"PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER records foreign-data wrapper definitions. A foreign-data wrapper is the mechanism by which external data, residing on foreign servers, is accessed",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0592.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"351",
+		"des":"PG_FOREIGN_SERVER records the foreign server definitions. A foreign server describes a source of external data, such as a remote server. Foreign servers are accessed via ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_FOREIGN_SERVER,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_SERVER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0593.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"352",
+		"des":"PG_FOREIGN_TABLE records auxiliary information about foreign tables.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_FOREIGN_TABLE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0594.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"353",
+		"des":"PG_INDEX records part of the information about indexes. The rest is mostly in PG_CLASS.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_INDEX,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_INDEX",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0595.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"354",
+		"des":"PG_INHERITS records information about table inheritance hierarchies. There is one entry for each direct child table in the database. Indirect inheritance can be determine",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_INHERITS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_INHERITS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0596.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"355",
+		"des":"PG_JOBS records detailed information about jobs created by users. Dedicated threads poll the pg_jobs table and trigger jobs based on scheduled job execution time. This ta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_JOBS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_JOBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0597.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"356",
+		"des":"PG_LANGUAGE records programming languages. You can use them and interfaces to write functions or stored procedures.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_LANGUAGE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_LANGUAGE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0598.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"357",
+		"des":"PG_LARGEOBJECT records the data making up large objects A large object is identified by an OID assigned when it is created. Each large object is broken into segments or \"",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_LARGEOBJECT,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_LARGEOBJECT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0599.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"358",
+		"des":"PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA records metadata associated with large objects. The actual large object data is stored in PG_LARGEOBJECT.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0600.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"359",
+		"des":"PG_NAMESPACE records the namespaces, that is, schema-related information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_NAMESPACE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_NAMESPACE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0601.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"360",
+		"des":"PG_OBJECT records the user creation, creation time, last modification time, and last analyzing time of objects of specified types (types existing in object_type).Only nor",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OBJECT,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OBJECT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0602.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"361",
+		"des":"PG_OBSSCANINFO defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OBSSCANINFO,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OBSSCANINFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0603.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"362",
+		"des":"PG_OPCLASS defines index access method operator classes.Each operator class defines semantics for index columns of a particular data type and a particular index access me",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OPCLASS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OPCLASS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0604.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"363",
+		"des":"PG_OPERATOR records information about operators.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OPERATOR,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OPERATOR",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0605.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"364",
+		"des":"PG_OPFAMILY defines operator families.Each operator family is a collection of operators and associated support routines that implement the semantics specified for a parti",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OPFAMILY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OPFAMILY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0606.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"365",
+		"des":"PG_PARTITION records all partitioned tables, table partitions, toast tables on table partitions, and index partitions in the database. Partitioned index information is no",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_PARTITION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_PARTITION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0607.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"366",
+		"des":"PG_PLTEMPLATE records template information for procedural languages.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_PLTEMPLATE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_PLTEMPLATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0608.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"367",
+		"des":"PG_PROC records information about functions or procedures.Query the OID of a specified function. For example, obtain the OID 1295 of the justify_days function.Query wheth",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_PROC,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_PROC",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0609.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"368",
+		"des":"PG_RANGE records information about range types.This is in addition to the types' entries in PG_TYPE.rngsubopc (plus rngcollation, if the element type is collatable) deter",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_RANGE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_RANGE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0610.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"369",
+		"des":"PG_REDACTION_COLUMN records the information about the redacted columns.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_REDACTION_COLUMN,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_REDACTION_COLUMN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0611.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"370",
+		"des":"PG_REDACTION_POLICY records information about the object to be redacted.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_REDACTION_POLICY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_REDACTION_POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0612.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"371",
+		"des":"PG_RLSPOLICY displays the information about row-level access control policies.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_RLSPOLICY,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_RLSPOLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0613.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"372",
+		"des":"PG_RESOURCE_POOL records the information about database resource pool.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_RESOURCE_POOL,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_RESOURCE_POOL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0614.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"373",
+		"des":"PG_REWRITE records rewrite rules defined for tables and views.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_REWRITE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_REWRITE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0615.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"374",
+		"des":"PG_SECLABEL records security labels on database objects.See also PG_SHSECLABEL, which performs a similar function for security labels of database objects that are shared ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SECLABEL,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SECLABEL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0616.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"375",
+		"des":"PG_SHDEPEND records the dependency relationships between database objects and shared objects, such as roles. This information allows GaussDB(DWS) to ensure that those obj",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SHDEPEND,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SHDEPEND",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0617.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"376",
+		"des":"PG_SHDESCRIPTION records optional comments for shared database objects. Descriptions can be manipulated with the COMMENT command and viewed with psql's \\d commands.See al",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SHDESCRIPTION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SHDESCRIPTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0618.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"377",
+		"des":"PG_SHSECLABEL records security labels on shared database objects. Security labels can be manipulated with the SECURITY LABEL command.For an easier way to view security la",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SHSECLABEL,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SHSECLABEL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0619.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"378",
+		"des":"PG_STATISTIC records statistics about tables and index columns in a database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATISTIC,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATISTIC",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0620.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"379",
+		"des":"PG_STATISTIC_EXT records the extended statistics of tables in a database, such as statistics of multiple columns. Statistics of expressions will be supported later. You c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATISTIC_EXT,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATISTIC_EXT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0621.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"380",
+		"des":"PG_SYNONYM records the mapping between synonym object names and other database object names.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SYNONYM,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SYNONYM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0622.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"381",
+		"des":"PG_TABLESPACE records tablespace information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TABLESPACE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TABLESPACE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0623.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"382",
+		"des":"PG_TRIGGER records the trigger information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TRIGGER,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TRIGGER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0624.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"383",
+		"des":"PG_TS_CONFIG records entries representing text search configurations. A configuration specifies a particular text search parser and a list of dictionaries to use for each",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TS_CONFIG,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TS_CONFIG",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0625.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"384",
+		"des":"PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP records entries showing which text search dictionaries should be consulted, and in what order, for each output token type of each text search configurati",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0626.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"385",
+		"des":"PG_TS_DICT records entries that define text search dictionaries. A dictionary depends on a text search template, which specifies all the implementation functions needed. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TS_DICT,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TS_DICT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0627.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"386",
+		"des":"PG_TS_PARSER records entries defining text search parsers. A parser splits input text into lexemes and assigns a token type to each lexeme. Since a parser must be impleme",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TS_PARSER,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TS_PARSER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0628.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"387",
+		"des":"PG_TS_TEMPLATE records entries defining text search templates. A template provides a framework for text search dictionaries. Since a template must be implemented by C fun",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TS_TEMPLATE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TS_TEMPLATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0629.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"388",
+		"des":"PG_TYPE records the information about data types.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TYPE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TYPE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0630.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"389",
+		"des":"PG_USER_MAPPING records the mappings from local users to remote.It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. You can use view PG_USER_MAPPINGS to quer",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_USER_MAPPING,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_USER_MAPPING",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0631.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"390",
+		"des":"PG_USER_STATUS records the states of users that access to the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_USER_STATUS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_USER_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0632.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"391",
+		"des":"PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION records information about query_band.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0633.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"392",
+		"des":"PGXC_CLASS records the replicated or distributed information for each table.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_CLASS,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_CLASS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0634.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"393",
+		"des":"PGXC_GROUP records information about node groups.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_GROUP,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_GROUP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0635.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"394",
+		"des":"PGXC_NODE records information about cluster nodes.Query the CN and DN information of the cluster:",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_NODE,System Catalogs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0639.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"395",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Views",
+		"title":"System Views",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0640.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"396",
+		"des":"ALL_ALL_TABLES displays the tables or views accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0641.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"397",
+		"des":"ALL_CONSTRAINTS displays information about constraints accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_CONSTRAINTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0642.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"398",
+		"des":"ALL_CONS_COLUMNS displays information about constraint columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_CONS_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0643.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"399",
+		"des":"ALL_COL_COMMENTS displays the comment information about table columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_COL_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0644.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"400",
+		"des":"ALL_DEPENDENCIES displays dependencies between functions and advanced packages accessible to the current user.Currently in GaussDB(DWS), this table is empty without any r",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_DEPENDENCIES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_DEPENDENCIES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0645.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"401",
+		"des":"ALL_IND_COLUMNS displays all index columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_IND_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0646.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"402",
+		"des":"ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS displays information about the expression indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0647.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"403",
+		"des":"ALL_INDEXES displays information about indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0648.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"404",
+		"des":"ALL_OBJECTS displays all database objects accessible to the current user.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_time and last_ddl_time, see PG_OBJECT.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_OBJECTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_OBJECTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0649.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"405",
+		"des":"ALL_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_PROCEDURES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_PROCEDURES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0650.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"406",
+		"des":"ALL_SEQUENCES displays all sequences accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0651.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"407",
+		"des":"ALL_SOURCE displays information about stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures and functio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_SOURCE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_SOURCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0652.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"408",
+		"des":"ALL_SYNONYMS displays all synonyms accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_SYNONYMS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_SYNONYMS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0653.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"409",
+		"des":"ALL_TAB_COLUMNS displays description information about columns of the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_TAB_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0654.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"410",
+		"des":"ALL_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_TAB_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0655.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"411",
+		"des":"ALL_TABLES displays all the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0656.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"412",
+		"des":"ALL_USERS displays all users of the database visible to the current user, however, it does not describe the users.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_USERS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_USERS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0657.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"413",
+		"des":"ALL_VIEWS displays the description about all views accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALL_VIEWS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALL_VIEWS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0658.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"414",
+		"des":"DBA_DATA_FILES displays the description of database files. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_DATA_FILES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_DATA_FILES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0659.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"415",
+		"des":"DBA_USERS displays all user names in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_USERS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_USERS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0660.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"416",
+		"des":"DBA_COL_COMMENTS displays information about table colum comments in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_COL_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0661.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"417",
+		"des":"DBA_CONSTRAINTS displays information about table constraints in database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_CONSTRAINTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0662.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"418",
+		"des":"DBA_CONS_COLUMNS displays information about constraint columns in database tables. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_CONS_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0663.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"419",
+		"des":"DBA_IND_COLUMNS displays column information about all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_IND_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0664.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"420",
+		"des":"DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS displays the information about expression indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0665.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"421",
+		"des":"DBA_IND_PARTITIONS displays information about all index partitions in the database. Each index partition of a partitioned table in the database, if present, has a row of ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_IND_PARTITIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_PARTITIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0666.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"422",
+		"des":"DBA_INDEXES displays all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0667.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"423",
+		"des":"DBA_OBJECTS displays all database objects in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_OBJECTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_OBJECTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0668.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"424",
+		"des":"DBA_PART_INDEXES displays information about all partitioned table indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_PART_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_PART_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0669.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"425",
+		"des":"DBA_PART_TABLES displays information about all partitioned tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_PART_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_PART_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0670.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"426",
+		"des":"DBA_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_PROCEDURES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_PROCEDURES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0671.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"427",
+		"des":"DBA_SEQUENCES displays information about all sequences in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0672.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"428",
+		"des":"DBA_SOURCE displays all stored procedures or functions in the database, and it provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or functions. It is accessible only t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_SOURCE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_SOURCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0673.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"429",
+		"des":"DBA_SYNONYMS displays all synonyms in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_SYNONYMS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_SYNONYMS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0674.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"430",
+		"des":"DBA_TAB_COLUMNS displays the columns of tables. Each column of a table in the database has a row in DBA_TAB_COLUMNS. It is accessible only to users with system administra",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TAB_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0675.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"431",
+		"des":"DBA_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TAB_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0676.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"432",
+		"des":"DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS displays information about all partitions in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0677.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"433",
+		"des":"DBA_TABLES displays all tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0678.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"434",
+		"des":"DBA_TABLESPACES displays information about available tablespaces. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TABLESPACES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TABLESPACES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0679.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"435",
+		"des":"DBA_TRIGGERS displays information about triggers in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_TRIGGERS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_TRIGGERS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0680.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"436",
+		"des":"DBA_VIEWS displays views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DBA_VIEWS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DBA_VIEWS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0681.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"437",
+		"des":"DUAL is automatically created by the database based on the data dictionary. It has only one text column in only one row for storing expression calculation results. It is ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DUAL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DUAL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0682.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"438",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_REDO_STAT displays the total statistics of XLOG redo operations on all nodes in a cluster. Except the avgiotim column (indicating the average redo write time of al",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_REDO_STAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_REDO_STAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0683.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"439",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT displays the total disk I/O statistics of all nodes in a cluster. The name of each column in this view is the same as that in the GS_REL_IOSTAT view, bu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0684.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"440",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE displays the status and statistics of databases on all nodes in a cluster.When you query the GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE view on a CN, the respective values",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0685.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"441",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, INSER",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0686.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"442",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, average, ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0687.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"443",
+		"des":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides the total transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs in the cluster. This view is accessible only to users with system",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0688.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"444",
+		"des":"GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO displays all Cgroup information in a database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0689.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"445",
+		"des":"GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO displays a DN resource summary.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0690.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"446",
+		"des":"The database parses each received SQL text string and generates an internal parsing tree. The database traverses the parsing tree and ignores constant values in the parsi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0691.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"447",
+		"des":"GS_REL_IOSTAT displays disk I/O statistics on the current node. In the current version, only one page is read or written in each read or write operation. Therefore, the n",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_REL_IOSTAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0692.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"448",
+		"des":"The GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME view provides the reset time of statistics on the current node and returns the timestamp with the time zone. For details, see the get_node_sta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0693.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"449",
+		"des":"GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS displays load management information about CPU usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0694.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"450",
+		"des":"GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS displays load management information about memory usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0695.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"451",
+		"des":"GS_SQL_COUNT displays statistics about the five types of statements (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE INTO) executed on the current node of the database, includi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_SQL_COUNT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_SQL_COUNT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0696.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"452",
+		"des":"GS_WAIT_EVENTS displays statistics about waiting status and events on the current node.The values of statistical columns in this view are accumulated only when the enable",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WAIT_EVENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WAIT_EVENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0701.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"453",
+		"des":"This view displays the execution information about operators in the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system cata",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0702.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"454",
+		"des":"This view displays the records of operators in jobs that have been executed by the current user on the current CN.This view is used by Database Manager to query data from",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0703.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"455",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS displays the operators of the jobs that are being executed by the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0704.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"456",
+		"des":"This view displays the execution information about the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system catalog dbms_om. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0705.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"457",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY displays load management information about a completed job executed by the current user on the current CN. This view is used by Database Manager to",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0706.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"458",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS displays load management information about jobs being executed by the current user on the current CN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0708.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"459",
+		"des":"GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW displays the configured resource management SQL whitelist, including the default SQL whitelist and the SQL whitelist configured using the GUC parameter w",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0709.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"460",
+		"des":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0710.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"461",
+		"des":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the maximum, minimum, average, a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0711.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"462",
+		"des":"GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about workload cgroups on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each workload Cgroup commits",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0712.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"463",
+		"des":"GS_STAT_DB_CU displsys CU hits in a database and in each node in a cluster. You can clear it using gs_stat_reset().",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_STAT_DB_CU,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_STAT_DB_CU",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0713.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"464",
+		"des":"GS_STAT_SESSION_CU displays the CU hit rate of running sessions on each node in a cluster. This data about a session is cleared when you exit this session or restart the ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_STAT_SESSION_CU,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_STAT_SESSION_CU",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0714.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"465",
+		"des":"GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about memory usage of the logical cluster that the current database belongs to in the unit of MB.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0715.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"466",
+		"des":"GS_USER_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about users on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each user commits and rolls back transactio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_USER_TRANSACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_USER_TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0716.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"467",
+		"des":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0948.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"468",
+		"des":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user. If the base table on which the view depends exists and the d",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0717.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"469",
+		"des":"GS_VIEW_INVALID queries all unavailable views visible to the current user. If the base table, function, or synonym that the view depends on is abnormal, the validtype col",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GS_VIEW_INVALID,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_INVALID",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0998.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"470",
+		"des":"MPP_TABLES displays information about tables in PGXC_CLASS.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"MPP_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"MPP_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0718.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"471",
+		"des":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS displays the extension versions of certain database features.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0719.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"472",
+		"des":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS displays the extended information about certain database features.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0720.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"473",
+		"des":"On any normal node in a cluster, PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS displays the execution status of the import and export services. Each import or export service corresponds to a re",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0721.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"474",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO stores the client connection information of a single node. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the C",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0722.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"475",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_DELAY displays the communication library delay status for a single DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COMM_DELAY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_DELAY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0723.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"476",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library status for a single DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COMM_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0724.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"477",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM displays the receiving stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0725.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"478",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM displays the sending stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0726.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"479",
+		"des":"PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG displays the Cgroup configuration information in the system.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0727.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"480",
+		"des":"PG_CURSORS displays the cursors that are currently available.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_CURSORS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_CURSORS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0728.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"481",
+		"des":"PG_EXT_STATS displays extension statistics stored in the PG_STATISTIC_EXT table. The extension statistics means multiple columns of statistics.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_EXT_STATS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_EXT_STATS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0729.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"482",
+		"des":"PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS displays the information about backend threads on the CN that are connected to the current standby DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0730.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"483",
+		"des":"PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME displays the catchup information of the currently active primary/standby instance sending thread on a single DN.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0731.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"484",
+		"des":"PG_GROUP displays the database role authentication and the relationship between roles.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_GROUP,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_GROUP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0732.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"485",
+		"des":"PG_INDEXES displays access to useful information about each index in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0733.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"486",
+		"des":"The PG_JOB view replaces the PG_JOB system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original PG_JOB system catalog is cha",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_JOB,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_JOB",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0734.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"487",
+		"des":"The PG_JOB_PROC view replaces the PG_JOB_PROC system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original PG_JOB_PROC and PG",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_JOB_PROC,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_JOB_PROC",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0735.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"488",
+		"des":"PG_JOB_SINGLE displays job information about the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_JOB_SINGLE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_JOB_SINGLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0736.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"489",
+		"des":"PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE displays the distribution of cold and hot data in a multi-temperature table of OBS.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0737.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"490",
+		"des":"PG_LOCKS displays information about the locks held by open transactions.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_LOCKS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_LOCKS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0738.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"491",
+		"des":"PG_NODE_ENVO displays the environmental variable information about the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_NODE_ENV,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_NODE_ENV",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0739.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"492",
+		"des":"PG_OS_THREADS displays the status information about all the threads under the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_OS_THREADS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_OS_THREADS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0740.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"493",
+		"des":"PG_POOLER_STATUS displays the cache connection status in the pooler. PG_POOLER_STATUS can only query on the CN, and displays the connection cache information about the po",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_POOLER_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_POOLER_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0741.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"494",
+		"des":"PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS displays all prepared statements that are available in the current session.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0742.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"495",
+		"des":"PG_PREPARED_XACTS displays information about transactions that are currently prepared for two-phase commit.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_PREPARED_XACTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_PREPARED_XACTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0743.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"496",
+		"des":"PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION displays information about the object associated with query_band and the query_band query order.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0744.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"497",
+		"des":"PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS displays the replication node information.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0745.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"498",
+		"des":"PG_ROLES displays information about database roles.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_ROLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_ROLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0746.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"499",
+		"des":"PG_RULES displays information about rewrite rules.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_RULES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_RULES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0747.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"500",
+		"des":"PG_RUNNING_XACTS displays the running transaction information on the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_RUNNING_XACTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_RUNNING_XACTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0748.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"501",
+		"des":"PG_SECLABELS displays information about security labels.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SECLABELS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SECLABELS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0749.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"502",
+		"des":"PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT displays the corresponding load management information about the task currently executed by the user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0750.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"503",
+		"des":"PG_SESSION_IOSTAT displays the I/O load management information about the task currently executed by the user.IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands f",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SESSION_IOSTAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SESSION_IOSTAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0751.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"504",
+		"des":"PG_SETTINGS displays information about parameters of the running database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SETTINGS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SETTINGS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0752.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"505",
+		"des":"PG_SHADOW displays properties of all roles that are marked as rolcanlogin in PG_AUTHID.The name stems from the fact that this table should not be readable by the public s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SHADOW,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SHADOW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0753.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"506",
+		"des":"PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL displays usage information about all the shared memory contexts.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0754.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"507",
+		"des":"PG_STATS displays the single-column statistics stored in the pg_statistic table.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0755.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"508",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_ACTIVITY displays information about the current user's queries.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_ACTIVITY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ACTIVITY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0757.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"509",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES displays access informaton about all indexes in the database, with information about each index displayed in a row.Indexes can be used via either simp",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0758.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"510",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES displays access information about all rows in all tables (including TOAST tables) in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0759.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"511",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after a node is started.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0760.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"512",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_BGWRITER displays statistics about the background writer process's activity.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_BGWRITER,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_BGWRITER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0761.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"513",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_DATABASE displays the status and statistics of each database on the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_DATABASE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0762.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"514",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS displays statistics about database conflicts.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0763.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"515",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED displays the current activity information of a thread stored in memory. You need to specify the thread ID (pid in PG_STAT_ACTIVITY) for qu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0764.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"516",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS displays user-defined function status information in the namespace. (The language of the function is non-internal language.)",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0765.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"517",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES displays information about the index status of user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0766.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"518",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_USER_TABLES displays status information about user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables in all namespaces.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_USER_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0767.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"519",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_REPLICATION displays information about log synchronization status, such as the locations of the sender sending logs and the receiver receiving logs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_REPLICATION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_REPLICATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0768.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"520",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES displays the index status information about all the system catalogs in the pg_catalog and information_schema schemas.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0769.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"521",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES displays the statistics about the system catalogs of all the namespaces in pg_catalog and information_schema schemas.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0770.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"522",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES displays the transaction status information about all ordinary tables and TOAST tables in the namespaces.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0771.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"523",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES displays the transaction status information of the system catalog in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0772.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"524",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS displays statistics about function executions, with statistics about each execution displayed in a row.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0773.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"525",
+		"des":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES displays the transaction status information of the user table in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0774.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"526",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES contains each row of each index in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific index.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0775.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"527",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES contains each row of each sequence in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific sequence.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0776.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"528",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES contains one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific table.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0777.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"529",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES displays the I/O status information about all system catalog indexes in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0778.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"530",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES displays the I/O status information about all the system sequences in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0779.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"531",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES displays the I/O status information about all the system catalogs in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0780.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"532",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES displays the I/O status information about all the user relationship table indexes in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0781.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"533",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES displays the I/O status information about all the user relation table sequences in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0782.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"534",
+		"des":"PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES displays the I/O status information about all the user relation tables in the namespace.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0783.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"535",
+		"des":"PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS allows you to test the block waiting status about the backend thread and auxiliary thread of the current instance.The waiting statuses in the wait_s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0784.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"536",
+		"des":"PG_TABLES displays access to each table in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0785.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"537",
+		"des":"PG_TDE_INFO displays the encryption information about the current cluster.Check whether the current cluster is encrypted, and check the encryption algorithm (if any) used",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TDE_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TDE_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0786.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"538",
+		"des":"PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS displays all time zone abbreviations that can be recognized by the input routines.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0787.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"539",
+		"des":"PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES displays all time zone names that can be recognized by SET TIMEZONE, along with their associated abbreviations, UTC offsets, and daylight saving time st",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0788.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"540",
+		"des":"PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays the memory usage of a certain node in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0789.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"541",
+		"des":"PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO displays the storage usage of all schemas in each database. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to on.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0790.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"542",
+		"des":"PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO displays the resource usage of all users. Only administrators can query this view. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0791.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"543",
+		"des":"PG_USER displays information about users who can access the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_USER,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_USER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0792.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"544",
+		"des":"PG_USER_MAPPINGS displays information about user mappings.This is essentially a publicly readable view of PG_USER_MAPPING that leaves out the options column if the user h",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_USER_MAPPINGS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_USER_MAPPINGS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0793.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"545",
+		"des":"PG_VIEWS displays basic information about each view in the database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_VIEWS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_VIEWS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0794.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"546",
+		"des":"PG_WLM_STATISTICS displays information about workload management after the task is complete or the exception has been handled.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PG_WLM_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PG_WLM_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0795.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"547",
+		"des":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS displays the progress of the service import. Only GDS common files can be imported. This view is accessible only to users with system administrator",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0796.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"548",
+		"des":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS displays real-time statistics about service execution, such as GDS, COPY, and \\COPY, on a CN. This view summarizes the real-time execution status",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0797.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"549",
+		"des":"PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO stores the client connection information of all nodes. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the CN ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0798.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"550",
+		"des":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library delay status for all the DNs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_COMM_DELAY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_DELAY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0799.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"551",
+		"des":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM displays the receiving stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0800.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"552",
+		"des":"PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM displays the sending stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0801.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"553",
+		"des":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library status for all the DNs.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0802.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"554",
+		"des":"PGXC_DEADLOCK displays lock wait information generated due to distributed deadlocks.Currently, PGXC_DEADLOCK collects only lock wait information about locks whose locktyp",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_DEADLOCK,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_DEADLOCK",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0803.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"555",
+		"des":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on tables and the dirty page rate of tables.Before running VACUUM FULL to a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0804.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"556",
+		"des":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on partitions of partitioned tables and the dirty page rate of tables.T",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0805.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"557",
+		"des":"PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS displays the data skew on tables in the current database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0806.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"558",
+		"des":"PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS displays transaction information on the current GTM.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0807.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"559",
+		"des":"PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME displays the running time of processes on each node in the cluster and the time consumed in each execution phase. Except the node_name column, the othe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0808.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"560",
+		"des":"PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL displays the complete Unique SQL statistics of all CN nodes in the cluster.Only the system administrator can access this view. For details about the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0809.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"561",
+		"des":"PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS displays information about conflicting locks in the cluster.When a lock is waiting for another lock or another lock is waiting for this one, a lock co",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0810.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"562",
+		"des":"PGXC_NODE_ENV displays the environmental variables information about all nodes in a cluster.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_NODE_ENV,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE_ENV",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0811.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"563",
+		"des":"PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME displays the time when statistics of each node in the cluster are reset. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the GS_NODE_STAT_",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0812.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"564",
+		"des":"PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO displays the OS running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PV_OS_RUN_INFO view. This view is a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0813.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"565",
+		"des":"PGXC_OS_THREADS displays thread status information under all normal nodes in the current cluster.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_OS_THREADS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_OS_THREADS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0814.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"566",
+		"des":"PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS displays the two-phase transactions in the prepared phase.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0815.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"567",
+		"des":"PGXC_REDO_STAT displays statistics on redoing Xlogs of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PV_REDO_STAT view. This view is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_REDO_STAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_REDO_STAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0816.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"568",
+		"des":"PGXC_REL_IOSTAT displays statistics on disk read and write of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the GS_REL_IOSTAT view. This",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_REL_IOSTAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0817.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"569",
+		"des":"PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS displays the replication information of DNs in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS view. Th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0818.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"570",
+		"des":"PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS displays information about running transactions on each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in PG_RUNNING_XACTS.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0819.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"571",
+		"des":"PGXC_SETTINGS displays the database running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_SETTINGS view. This view is a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_SETTINGS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_SETTINGS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0820.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"572",
+		"des":"PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY displays information about the query performed by the current user on all the CNs in the current cluster.Run the following command to view blocked quer",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0821.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"573",
+		"des":"PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after all nodes in a cluster are started.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0822.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"574",
+		"des":"PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER displays statistics on the background writer of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_BGWRITER vi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0823.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"575",
+		"des":"PGXC_STAT_DATABASE displays the database status and statistics of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_DATABASE vie",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_STAT_DATABASE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0824.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"576",
+		"des":"PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION displays the log synchronization status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_REPLICATION v",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0825.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"577",
+		"des":"PGXC_SQL_COUNT displays the node-level and user-level statistics for the SQL statements of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE INTO and DDL, DML, and DCL statements",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_SQL_COUNT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_SQL_COUNT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0826.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"578",
+		"des":"PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS displays all the call layer hierarchy relationship between threads of the SQL statements on all the nodes in a cluster, and the waiting status of ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0827.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"579",
+		"des":"PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays the memory usage in the cluster.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0828.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"580",
+		"des":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO displays the schema space information of all instances in the cluster, providing visibility into the schema space usage of each instance. This view",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0829.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"581",
+		"des":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE displays the overall schema space information of the cluster, including the total cluster space, average space of instances, skew ratio, ma",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0830.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"582",
+		"des":"PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about users on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is valid only wh",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0831.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"583",
+		"des":"PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO displays information about transaction IDs and OIDs of all nodes in a cluster.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0832.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"584",
+		"des":"PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS displays statistics on the waiting status and events of each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in GS_WAIT_EVENTS. This view ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0836.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"585",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORYdisplays the operator information of completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Database Manager to query data from a database. Dat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0837.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"586",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO displays the operator information of completed jobs executed on CNs. The data in this view is obtained from GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO.This view is acces",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0838.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"587",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS displays the operator information of jobs being executed on CNs.This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0839.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"588",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. The data in this view is obtained from GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO.This view is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0840.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"589",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Data Manager to query data from a database. Dat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0841.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"590",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS displays load management information about jobs that are being executed on CNs.This view is accessible only to users with system administrator",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0842.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"591",
+		"des":"PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS displays the status of job executed by the current user on CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is av",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0843.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"592",
+		"des":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0844.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"593",
+		"des":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, aver",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0845.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"594",
+		"des":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0846.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"595",
+		"des":"PLAN_TABLE displays the plan information collected by EXPLAIN PLAN. Plan information is in a session-level life cycle. After the session exits, the data will be deleted. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PLAN_TABLE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PLAN_TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0847.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"596",
+		"des":"PLAN_TABLE_DATA displays the plan information collected by EXPLAIN PLAN. Different from the PLAN_TABLE view, the system catalog PLAN_TABLE_DATA stores the plan informatio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PLAN_TABLE_DATA,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PLAN_TABLE_DATA",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0848.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"597",
+		"des":"By collecting statistics about the data file I/Os, PV_FILE_STAT displays the I/O performance of the data to detect the performance problems, such as abnormal I/O operatio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_FILE_STAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_FILE_STAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0849.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"598",
+		"des":"PV_INSTANCE_TIME collects statistics on the running time of processes and the time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.PV_INSTANCE_TIME records time consump",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_INSTANCE_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_INSTANCE_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0850.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"599",
+		"des":"PV_OS_RUN_INFO displays the running status of the current operating system.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_OS_RUN_INFO,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_OS_RUN_INFO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0851.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"600",
+		"des":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY displays statistics about memory usage at the session level in the unit of MB, including all the memory allocated to Postgres and Stream threads on DNs ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0852.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"601",
+		"des":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about thread memory usage by memory context.The memory context TempSmallContextGroup collects information about all memory co",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0853.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"602",
+		"des":"PV_SESSION_STAT displays session state statistics based on session threads or the AutoVacuum thread.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_SESSION_STAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_STAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0854.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"603",
+		"des":"PV_SESSION_TIME displays statistics about the running time of session threads and time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_SESSION_TIME,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_TIME",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0855.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"604",
+		"des":"PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about memory usage of the current database node in the unit of MB.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0856.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"605",
+		"des":"PV_REDO_STAT displays statistics on redoing Xlogs on the current node.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PV_REDO_STAT,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PV_REDO_STAT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0857.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"606",
+		"des":"REDACTION_COLUMNS displays information about all redaction columns in the current database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"REDACTION_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"REDACTION_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0858.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"607",
+		"des":"REDACTION_POLICIES displays information about all redaction objects in the current database.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"REDACTION_POLICIES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"REDACTION_POLICIES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0859.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"608",
+		"des":"USER_COL_COMMENTS displays the column comments of the table accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_COL_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0860.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"609",
+		"des":"USER_CONSTRAINTS displays the table constraint information accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_CONSTRAINTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0861.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"610",
+		"des":"USER_CONSTRAINTS displays the information about constraint columns of the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_CONS_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0862.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"611",
+		"des":"USER_INDEXES displays index information in the current schema.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0863.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"612",
+		"des":"USER_IND_COLUMNS displays column information about all indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_IND_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0864.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"613",
+		"des":"USER_IND_EXPRESSIONSdisplays information about the function-based expression index accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0865.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"614",
+		"des":"USER_IND_PARTITIONS displays information about index partitions accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_IND_PARTITIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_IND_PARTITIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0866.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"615",
+		"des":"USER_JOBS displays all jobs owned by the user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_JOBS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_JOBS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0867.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"616",
+		"des":"USER_OBJECTS displays all database objects accessible to the current user.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_time and last_ddl_time, see PG_OBJECT.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_OBJECTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_OBJECTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0868.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"617",
+		"des":"USER_PART_INDEXES displays information about partitioned table indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_PART_INDEXES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_PART_INDEXES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0869.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"618",
+		"des":"USER_PART_TABLES displays information about partitioned tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_PART_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_PART_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0870.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"619",
+		"des":"USER_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the current schema.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_PROCEDURES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_PROCEDURES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0871.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"620",
+		"des":"USER_SEQUENCES displays sequence information in the current schema.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_SEQUENCES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_SEQUENCES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0872.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"621",
+		"des":"USER_SOURCE displays information about stored procedures or functions in this mode, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or the functions.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_SOURCE,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_SOURCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0873.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"622",
+		"des":"USER_SYNONYMS displays synonyms accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_SYNONYMS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_SYNONYMS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0874.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"623",
+		"des":"USER_TAB_COLUMNS displays information about table columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_TAB_COLUMNS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0875.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"624",
+		"des":"USER_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_TAB_COMMENTS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0876.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"625",
+		"des":"USER_TAB_PARTITIONS displays all table partitions accessible to the current user. Each partition of a partitioned table accessible to the current user has a piece of reco",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_TAB_PARTITIONS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_PARTITIONS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0877.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"626",
+		"des":"USER_TABLES displays table information in the current schema.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_TABLES,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_TABLES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0878.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"627",
+		"des":"USER_TRIGGERS displays the information about triggers accessible to the current user.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_TRIGGERS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_TRIGGERS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0879.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"628",
+		"des":"USER_VIEWS displays information about all views in the current schema.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"USER_VIEWS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"USER_VIEWS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0880.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"629",
+		"des":"V$SESSION displays all session information about the current session.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"V$SESSION,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"V$SESSION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0881.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"630",
+		"des":"V$SESSION_LONGOPS displays the progress of ongoing operations.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"V$SESSION_LONGOPS,System Views,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"V$SESSION_LONGOPS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0883.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"631",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GUC Parameters",
+		"title":"GUC Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0884.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"632",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) GUC parameters can control database system behaviors. You can check and adjust the GUC parameters based on your business scenario and data volume.After a clu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Viewing GUC Parameters,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Viewing GUC Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0885.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"633",
+		"des":"To ensure the optimal performance of GaussDB(DWS), you can adjust the GUC parameters in the database.The GUC parameters of GaussDB(DWS) are classified into the following ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuring GUC Parameters,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuring GUC Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0886.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"634",
+		"des":"The database provides many operation parameters. Configuration of these parameters affects the behavior of the database system. Before modifying these parameters, learn t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GUC Parameter Usage,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GUC Parameter Usage",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0888.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"635",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Connection and Authentication",
+		"title":"Connection and Authentication",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0889.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"636",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters related to the connection mode between the client and server.Parameter description: Specifies the maximum number of allowed parallel con",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Connection Settings,Connection and Authentication,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Connection Settings",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0890.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"637",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters about how to securely authenticate the client and server.Parameter description: Specifies the longest duration to wait before the client",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf),Connection and Authentication,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0891.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"638",
+		"des":"This section describes parameter settings and value ranges for communication libraries.Parameter description: Specifies whether the communication library uses the TCP or ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Communication Library Parameters,Connection and Authentication,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Communication Library Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0892.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"639",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Resource Consumption",
+		"title":"Resource Consumption",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0893.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"640",
+		"des":"This section describes memory parameters.Parameters described in this section take effect only after the database service restarts.Parameter description: Specifies whethe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Memory,Resource Consumption,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Memory",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0894.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"641",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters related to statement disk space control, which are used to limit the disk space usage of statements.Parameter description: Specifies the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Statement Disk Space Control,Resource Consumption,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Statement Disk Space Control",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0895.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"642",
+		"des":"This section describes kernel resource parameters. Whether these parameters take effect depends on OS settings.Parameter description: Specifies the maximum number of simu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Kernel Resources,Resource Consumption,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Kernel Resources",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0896.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"643",
+		"des":"This feature allows administrators to reduce the I/O impact of the VACUUM and ANALYZE statements on concurrent database activities. It is often more important to prevent ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Cost-based Vacuum Delay,Resource Consumption,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Cost-based Vacuum Delay",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0898.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"644",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies whether O&M personnel are allowed to generate some ADIO logs to locate ADIO issues. This parameter is used only by developers. Common use",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Asynchronous I/O Operations,Resource Consumption,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Asynchronous I/O Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0899.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"645",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides a parallel data import function that enables a large amount of data to be imported in a fast and efficient manner. This section describes parameters",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Parallel Data Import,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Parallel Data Import",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0900.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"646",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Write Ahead Logs",
+		"title":"Write Ahead Logs",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0901.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"647",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the level of the information that is written to WALs.Type: POSTMASTERValue range: enumerated valuesminimalAdvantages: Certain bulk operat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Settings,Write Ahead Logs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Settings",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0902.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"648",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the minimum number of WAL segment files in the period specified by checkpoint_timeout. The size of each log file is 16 MB.Type: SIGHUPVal",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Checkpoints,Write Ahead Logs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Checkpoints",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0903.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"649",
+		"des":"Parameter description: When archive_mode is enabled, completed WAL segments are sent to archive storage by setting archive_command.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon: The",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Archiving,Write Ahead Logs,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Archiving",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0904.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"650",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"HA Replication",
+		"title":"HA Replication",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0905.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"651",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the number of Xlog file segments. Specifies the minimum number of transaction log files stored in the pg_xlog directory. The standby serv",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Sending Server,HA Replication,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Sending Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0906.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"652",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the number of transactions by which VACUUM will defer the cleanup of invalid row-store table records, so that VACUUM and VACUUM FULL do n",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Primary Server,HA Replication,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Primary Server",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0908.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"653",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query Planning",
+		"title":"Query Planning",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0909.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"654",
+		"des":"These configuration parameters provide a crude method of influencing the query plans chosen by the query optimizer. If the default plan chosen by the optimizer for a part",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizer Method Configuration,Query Planning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizer Method Configuration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0910.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"655",
+		"des":"This section describes the optimizer cost constants. The cost variables described in this section are measured on an arbitrary scale. Only their relative values matter, t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Optimizer Cost Constants,Query Planning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Optimizer Cost Constants",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0911.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"656",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters related to genetic query optimizer. The genetic query optimizer (GEQO) is an algorithm that plans queries by using heuristic searching. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Genetic Query Optimizer,Query Planning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Genetic Query Optimizer",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0912.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"657",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the default statistics target for table columns without a column-specific target set via ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS. If this parameter is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Optimizer Options,Query Planning,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Other Optimizer Options",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0913.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"658",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Error Reporting and Logging",
+		"title":"Error Reporting and Logging",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0914.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"659",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies the writing mode of the log files when logging_collector is set to on.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon indicates that GaussDB(DWS) over",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Logging Destination,Error Reporting and Logging,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Logging Destination",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0915.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"660",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies which level of messages are sent to the client. Each level covers all the levels following it. The lower the level is, the fewer messages",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Logging Time,Error Reporting and Logging,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Logging Time",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0916.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"661",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to print parsing tree results.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon indicates the printing result function is enabled.off indicates ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Logging Content,Error Reporting and Logging,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Logging Content",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0918.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"662",
+		"des":"During cluster running, error scenarios can be detected in a timely manner to inform users as soon as possible.Parameter description: Enables the alarm detection thread t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Alarm Detection,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Alarm Detection",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0919.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"663",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Statistics During the Database Running",
+		"title":"Statistics During the Database Running",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0920.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"664",
+		"des":"The query and index statistics collector is used to collect statistics during database running. The statistics include the times of inserting and updating a table and an ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Query and Index Statistics Collector,Statistics During the Database Running,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Query and Index Statistics Collector",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0921.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"665",
+		"des":"During the running of the database, the lock access, disk I/O operation, and invalid message process are involved. All these operations are the bottleneck of the database",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Performance Statistics,Statistics During the Database Running,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Performance Statistics",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0922.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"666",
+		"des":"If database resource usage is not controlled, concurrent tasks easily preempt resources. As a result, the OS will be overloaded and cannot respond to user tasks; or even ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Workload Management,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Workload Management",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0923.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"667",
+		"des":"The automatic cleanup process (autovacuum) in the system automatically runs the VACUUM and ANALYZE commands to recycle the record space marked by the deleted status and u",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Automatic Cleanup,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Automatic Cleanup",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0924.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"668",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Default Settings of Client Connection",
+		"title":"Default Settings of Client Connection",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0925.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"669",
+		"des":"This section describes related default parameters involved in the execution of SQL statements.Parameter description: Specifies the order in which schemas are searched whe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Statement Behavior,Default Settings of Client Connection,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Statement Behavior",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0926.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"670",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters related to the time format setting.Parameter description: Specifies the display format for date and time values, as well as the rules fo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Zone and Formatting,Default Settings of Client Connection,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Zone and Formatting",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0927.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"671",
+		"des":"This section describes the default database loading parameters of the database system.Parameter description: Specifies the path for saving the shared database files that ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Default Parameters,Default Settings of Client Connection,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Other Default Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0928.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"672",
+		"des":"In GaussDB(DWS), a deadlock may occur when concurrently executed transactions compete for resources. This section describes parameters used for managing transaction lock ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Lock Management,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Lock Management",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0929.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"673",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Version and Platform Compatibility",
+		"title":"Version and Platform Compatibility",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0930.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"674",
+		"des":"This section describes the parameter control of the downward compatibility and external compatibility features of GaussDB(DWS). Backward compatibility of the database sys",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Compatibility with Earlier Versions,Version and Platform Compatibility,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Compatibility with Earlier Versions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0931.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"675",
+		"des":"Many platforms use the database system. External compatibility of the database system provides a lot of convenience for platforms.Parameter description: Determines whethe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Platform and Client Compatibility,Version and Platform Compatibility,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Platform and Client Compatibility",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0932.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"676",
+		"des":"This section describes parameters used for controlling the methods that the server processes an error occurring in the database system.Parameter description: Specifies wh",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Fault Tolerance,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Fault Tolerance",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0933.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"677",
+		"des":"When a connection pool is used to access the database, database connections are established and then stored in the memory as objects during system running. When you need ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Connection Pool Parameters,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Connection Pool Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0934.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"678",
+		"des":"This section describes the settings and value ranges of cluster transaction parameters.Parameter description: Specifies the isolation level of the current transaction.Typ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Cluster Transaction Parameters,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Cluster Transaction Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0936.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"679",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to enable the lightweight column-store update.Type: USERSETValue range: Booleanon indicates that the lightweight column-store upd",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Developer Operations,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Developer Operations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0937.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"680",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Auditing",
+		"title":"Auditing",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0938.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"681",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to enable or disable the audit process. After the audit process is enabled, the auditing information written by the background pr",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Audit Switch,Auditing,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Audit Switch",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0940.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"682",
+		"des":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to audit successful operations in GaussDB(DWS). Set this parameter as required.Type: SIGHUPValue range: a stringnone: indicates t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Operation Audit,Auditing,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Operation Audit",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0941.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"683",
+		"des":"The automatic rollback transaction can be monitored and its statement problems can be located by setting the transaction timeout warning. In addition, the statements with",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Transaction Monitoring,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Transaction Monitoring",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0945.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"684",
+		"des":"Parameter description: If an SQL statement involves tables belonging to different groups, you can enable this parameter to push the execution plan of the statement to imp",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Miscellaneous Parameters,GUC Parameters,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Miscellaneous Parameters",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_0946.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"685",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Glossary,Developer Guide,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Glossary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_2000.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"686",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SQL Syntax Reference",
+		"title":"SQL Syntax Reference",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0001.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"687",
+		"des":"SQL is a standard computer language used to control the access to databases and manage data in databases.SQL provides different statements to enable you to:Query data.Ins",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GaussDB(DWS) SQL,SQL Syntax Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GaussDB(DWS) SQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0002.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"688",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL",
+		"title":"Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0003.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"689",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) gsql differs from PostgreSQL psql in that the former has made the following changes to enhance security:User passwords cannot be set by running the \\password",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq,Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL,Develo",
+		"title":"GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0004.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"690",
+		"des":"For details about supported data types by GaussDB(DWS), see Data Types.The following PostgreSQL data type is not supported:Lines, a geometric typepg_node_tree",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Type Differences,Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Type Differences",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0005.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"691",
+		"des":"For details about the functions supported by GaussDB(DWS), see Functions and Operators.The following PostgreSQL functions are not supported:Enum support functionsAccess p",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Function Differences,Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Function Differences",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0006.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"692",
+		"des":"Table inheritanceTable creation features:Use REFERENCES reftable [ (refcolumn) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS),Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL,Deve",
+		"title":"PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0007.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"693",
+		"des":"The SQL contains reserved and non-reserved words. Standards require that reserved keywords not be used as other identifiers. Non-reserved keywords have special meanings o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Keyword,SQL Syntax Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Keyword",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0008.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"694",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Types",
+		"title":"Data Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0009.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"695",
+		"des":"Numeric types consist of two-, four-, and eight-byte integers, four- and eight-byte floating-point numbers, and selectable-precision decimals.For details about numeric op",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Numeric Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Numeric Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0010.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"696",
+		"des":"The money type stores a currency amount with fixed fractional precision. The range shown in Table 1 assumes there are two fractional digits. Input is accepted in a variet",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Monetary Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Monetary Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0011.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"697",
+		"des":"Valid literal values for the \"true\" state are:TRUE, 't', 'true', 'y', 'yes', '1'Valid literal values for the \"false\" state include:FALSE, 'f', 'false', 'n', 'no', '0'TRUE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Boolean Type,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Boolean Type",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0012.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"698",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists the character types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS). For string operators and related built-in functions, see Character Processing Functions and Operators.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Character Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Character Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0013.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"699",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists the binary data types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS).In addition to the size limitation on each column, the total size of each tuple is 8203 bytes less th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Binary Data Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Binary Data Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0014.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"700",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists date and time types supported by GaussDB(DWS). For the operators and built-in functions of the types, see Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators.I",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Date/Time Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Date/Time Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0015.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"701",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists the geometric types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS). The most fundamental type, the point, forms the basis for all of the other types.A rich set of functio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Geometric Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Geometric Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0016.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"702",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) offers data types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC addresses.It is better to use network address types instead of plaintext types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC ad",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Network Address Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Network Address Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0017.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"703",
+		"des":"Bit strings are strings of 1's and 0's. They can be used to store bit masks.GaussDB(DWS) supports two SQL bit types: bit(n) and bit varying(n), where n is a positive inte",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Bit String Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Bit String Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0018.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"704",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) offers two data types that are designed to support full text search. The tsvector type represents a document in a form optimized for text search. The tsquery",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Text Search Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Text Search Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0019.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"705",
+		"des":"The data type UUID stores Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID) as defined by RFC 4122, ISO/IEF 9834-8:2005, and related standards. This identifier is a 128-bit quantity ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UUID Type,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UUID Type",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0020.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"706",
+		"des":"JSON data types are for storing JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data. Such data can also be stored as TEXT, but the JSON data type has the advantage of checking that ea",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JSON Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"JSON Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0021.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"707",
+		"des":"HyperLoglog (HLL) is an approximation algorithm for efficiently counting the number of distinct values in a data set. It features faster computing and lower space usage. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"HLL Data Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"HLL Data Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0022.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"708",
+		"des":"Object identifiers (OIDs) are used internally by GaussDB(DWS) as primary keys for various system catalogs. OIDs are not added to user-created tables by the system. The OI",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Object Identifier Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Object Identifier Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0023.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"709",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) has a number of special-purpose entries that are collectively called pseudo-types. A pseudo-type cannot be used as a column data type, but it can be used to ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Pseudo-Types,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Pseudo-Types",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0024.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"710",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists the data types supported by column-store tables.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0025.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"711",
+		"des":"XML data type stores Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted data. Such data can also be stored as text, but the advantage of the XML data type is that it checks wheth",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"XML,Data Types,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"XML",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0026.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"712",
+		"des":"Table 1 lists the constants and macros that can be used in GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Constant and Macro,SQL Syntax Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Constant and Macro",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0027.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"713",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Functions and Operators",
+		"title":"Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0028.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"714",
+		"des":"The usual logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT. SQL uses a three-valued logical system with true, false, and null, which represents \"unknown\". Their priorities are ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Logical Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Logical Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0029.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"715",
+		"des":"Comparison operators are available for all data types and return Boolean values.All comparison operators are binary operators. Only data types that are the same or can be",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Comparison Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Comparison Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0030.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"716",
+		"des":"String functions and operators provided by GaussDB(DWS) are for concatenating strings with each other, concatenating strings with non-strings, and matching the patterns o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Character Processing Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Character Processing Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0031.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"717",
+		"des":"SQL defines some string functions that use keywords, rather than commas, to separate arguments.octet_length(string)Description: Number of bytes in binary stringReturn typ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Binary String Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Binary String Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0032.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"718",
+		"des":"Aside from the usual comparison operators, the following operators can be used. Bit string operands of &, |, and # must be of equal length. When bit shifting, the origina",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Bit String Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Bit String Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0033.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"719",
+		"des":"There are three separate approaches to pattern matching provided by the database: the traditional SQL LIKE operator, the more recent SIMILAR TO operator, and POSIX-style ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Pattern Matching Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Pattern Matching Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0034.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"720",
+		"des":"+Description: AdditionFor example:SELECT 2+3 AS RESULT;\n result \n--------\n      5\n(1 row)Description: AdditionFor example:-Description: SubtractionFor example:SELECT 2-3 ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Mathematical Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Mathematical Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0035.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"721",
+		"des":"When the user uses date/time operators, explicit type prefixes are modified for corresponding operands to ensure that the operands parsed by the database are consistent w",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0036.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"722",
+		"des":"cast(x as y)Description: Converts x into the type specified by y.For example:SELECT cast('22-oct-1997' as timestamp);\n      timestamp      \n---------------------\n 1997-10",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Type Conversion Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Type Conversion Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0037.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"723",
+		"des":"+Description: TranslationFor example:SELECT box '((0,0),(1,1))' + point '(2.0,0)' AS RESULT;\n   result    \n-------------\n (3,1),(2,0)\n(1 row)Description: TranslationFor e",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Geometric Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Geometric Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0038.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"724",
+		"des":"The operators <<, <<=, >>, and >>= test for subnet inclusion. They consider only the network parts of the two addresses (ignoring any host part) and determine whether one",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Network Address Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Network Address Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0039.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"725",
+		"des":"@@Description: Specifies whether the tsvector-typed words match the tsquery-typed words.For example:SELECT to_tsvector('fat cats ate rats') @@ to_tsquery('cat & rat') AS ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Text Search Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Text Search Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0040.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"726",
+		"des":"UUID functions are used to generate UUID data (see UUID Type).uuid_generate_v1()Description: Generates a UUID sequence number.Return type: UUIDExample:SELECT uuid_generat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UUID Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UUID Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0041.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"727",
+		"des":"JSON functions are used to generate JSON data (see JSON Types).array_to_json(anyarray [, pretty_bool])Description: Returns the array as JSON. A multi-dimensional array be",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"JSON Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"JSON Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0042.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"728",
+		"des":"hll_hash_boolean(bool)Description: Hashes data of the bool type.Return type: hll_hashvalFor example:SELECT hll_hash_boolean(FALSE);\n  hll_hash_boolean   \n----------------",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"HLL Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"HLL Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0043.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"729",
+		"des":"The sequence functions provide a simple method to ensure security of multiple users for users to obtain sequence values from sequence objects.The hybrid data warehouse (s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SEQUENCE Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SEQUENCE Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0044.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"730",
+		"des":"=Description: Specifies whether two arrays are equal.For example:SELECT ARRAY[1.1,2.1,3.1]::int[] = ARRAY[1,2,3] AS RESULT ;\n result \n--------\n t\n(1 row)Description: Spec",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Array Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Array Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0045.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"731",
+		"des":"=Description: EqualsFor example:SELECT int4range(1,5) = '[1,4]'::int4range AS RESULT;\n result\n--------\n t\n(1 row)Description: EqualsFor example:<>Description: Does not eq",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Range Functions and Operators,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Range Functions and Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0046.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"732",
+		"des":"sum(expression)Description: Sum of expression across all input valuesReturn type:Generally, same as the argument data type. In the following cases, type conversion occurs",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Aggregate Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Aggregate Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0047.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"733",
+		"des":"Regular aggregate functions return a single value calculated from values in a row, or group all rows into a single output row. Window functions perform a calculation acro",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Window Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Window Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0048.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"734",
+		"des":"gs_password_deadline()Description: Indicates the number of remaining days before the password of the current user expires. After the password expires, the system prompts ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Security Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Security Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0049.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"735",
+		"des":"generate_series(start, stop)Description: Generates a series of values, from start to stop with a step size of one.Parameter type: int, bigint, or numericReturn type: seto",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Set Returning Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Set Returning Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0050.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"736",
+		"des":"coalesce(expr1, expr2, ..., exprn)Description: Returns the first argument that is not NULL in the argument list.COALESCE(expr1, expr2) is equivalent to CASE WHEN expr1 IS",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Conditional Expression Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Conditional Expression Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0051.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"737",
+		"des":"current_catalogDescription: Name of the current database (called \"catalog\" in the SQL standard)Return type: nameFor example:SELECT current_catalog;\n current_database\n----",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Information Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"System Information Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0052.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"738",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Administration Functions",
+		"title":"System Administration Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0053.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"739",
+		"des":"Configuration setting functions are used for querying and modifying configuration parameters during running.current_setting(setting_name)Description: Specifies the curren",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuration Settings Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuration Settings Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0054.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"740",
+		"des":"Universal file access functions provide local access interfaces for files on a database server. Only files in the database cluster directory and the log_directory directo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Universal File Access Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Universal File Access Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0055.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"741",
+		"des":"Server signaling functions send control signals to other server processes. Only system administrators can use these functions.pg_cancel_backend(pid int)Description: Cance",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Server Signaling Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Server Signaling Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0056.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"742",
+		"des":"Backup control functions help online backup.pg_create_restore_point(name text)Description: Creates a named point for performing the restore operation (restricted to syste",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Backup and Restoration Control Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Backup and Restoration Control Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0057.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"743",
+		"des":"Snapshot synchronization functions save the current snapshot and return its identifier.pg_export_snapshot()Description: Saves the current snapshot and returns its identif",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Snapshot Synchronization Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Snapshot Synchronization Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0058.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"744",
+		"des":"Database object size functions calculate the actual disk space used by database objects.pg_column_size(any)Description: Specifies the number of bytes used to store a part",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Database Object Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Database Object Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0059.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"745",
+		"des":"Advisory lock functions manage advisory locks. These functions are only for internal use currently.pg_advisory_lock(key bigint)Description: Obtains an exclusive session-l",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Advisory Lock Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Advisory Lock Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0060.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"746",
+		"des":"pg_get_residualfiles()Description: Obtains all residual file records of the current node. This function is an instance-level function and is irrelevant to the current dat",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Residual File Management Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Residual File Management Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0061.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"747",
+		"des":"A replication function synchronizes logs and data between instances. It is a statistics or operation method provided by the system to implement HA.Replication functions e",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Replication Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Replication Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0062.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"748",
+		"des":"pgxc_pool_check()Description: Checks whether the connection data buffered in the pool is consistent with pgxc_node.Return type: booleanDescription: Checks whether the con",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Other Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Other Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0063.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"749",
+		"des":"This section describes the functions of the resource management module.gs_wlm_readjust_user_space(oid)Description: This function calibrates the permanent storage space of",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Resource Management Functions,System Administration Functions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Resource Management Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0064.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"750",
+		"des":"Data redaction functions are used to mask and protect sensitive data. Generally, you are advised to bind these functions to the columns to be redacted based on the data r",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Data Redaction Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Data Redaction Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0065.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"751",
+		"des":"Statistics information functions are divided into the following two categories: functions that access databases, using the OID of each table or index in a database to mar",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Statistics Information Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Statistics Information Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0066.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"752",
+		"des":"pg_get_triggerdef(oid)Description: Obtains the definition information of a trigger.Parameter: OID of the trigger to be queriedReturn type: textExample:select pg_get_trigg",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Trigger Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Trigger Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0067.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"753",
+		"des":"XMLPARSE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value)Description: Generates an XML value from character data.Return type: XMLExample:XMLSERIALIZE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value AS typ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"XML Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"XML Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0068.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"754",
+		"des":"The pv_memory_profiling(type int) and environment variable MALLOC_CONF are used by GaussDB(DWS) to control the enabling and disabling of the memory allocation call stack ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Call Stack Recording Functions,Functions and Operators,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Call Stack Recording Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0069.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"755",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Expressions",
+		"title":"Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0070.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"756",
+		"des":"Logical Operators lists the operators and calculation rules of logical expressions.Comparison Operators lists the common comparative operators.In addition to comparative ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Simple Expressions,Expressions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Simple Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0071.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"757",
+		"des":"Data that meets the requirements specified by conditional expressions are filtered during SQL statement execution.Conditional expressions include the following types:CASE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Conditional Expressions,Expressions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Conditional Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0072.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"758",
+		"des":"Subquery expressions include the following types:EXISTS/NOT EXISTSFigure 1 shows the syntax of an EXISTS/NOT EXISTS expression.EXISTS/NOT EXISTS::=The parameter of an EXI",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Subquery Expressions,Expressions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Subquery Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0073.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"759",
+		"des":"expressionIN(value [, ...])The parentheses on the right contain an expression list. The expression result on the left is compared with the content in the expression list.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Array Expressions,Expressions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Array Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0074.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"760",
+		"des":"Syntax:row_constructor operator row_constructorBoth sides of the row expression are row constructors. The values of both rows must have the same number of fields and they",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Row Expressions,Expressions,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Row Expressions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0075.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"761",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Type Conversion",
+		"title":"Type Conversion",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0076.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"762",
+		"des":"SQL is a typed language. That is, every data item has an associated data type which determines its behavior and allowed usage. GaussDB(DWS) has an extensible type system ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Type Conversion,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0077.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"763",
+		"des":"Select the operators to be considered from the pg_operator system catalog. Considered operators are those with the matching name and argument count. If the search path fi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Operators,Type Conversion,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Operators",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0078.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"764",
+		"des":"Select the functions to be considered from the pg_proc system catalog. If a non-schema-qualified function name was used, the functions in the current search path are cons",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Functions,Type Conversion,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Functions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0079.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"765",
+		"des":"Search for an exact match with the target column.Try to convert the expression to the target type. This will succeed if there is a registered cast between the two types. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Value Storage,Type Conversion,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Value Storage",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0080.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"766",
+		"des":"SQL UNION constructs must match up possibly dissimilar types to become a single result set. Since all query results from a SELECT UNION statement must appear in a single ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs,Type Conversion,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0081.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"767",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Full Text Search",
+		"title":"Full Text Search",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0082.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"768",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Introduction",
+		"title":"Introduction",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0083.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"769",
+		"des":"Textual search operators have been used in databases for years. GaussDB(DWS) has ~, ~*, LIKE, and ILIKE operators for textual data types, but they lack many essential pro",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Full-Text Retrieval,Introduction,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Full-Text Retrieval",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0084.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"770",
+		"des":"A document is the unit of searching in a full text search system; for example, a magazine article or email message. The text search engine must be able to parse documents",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"What Is a Document?,Introduction,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"What Is a Document?",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0085.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"771",
+		"des":"Full text search in GaussDB(DWS) is based on the match operator @@, which returns true if a tsvector (document) matches a tsquery (query). It does not matter which data t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Basic Text Matching,Introduction,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Basic Text Matching",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0086.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"772",
+		"des":"Full text search functionality includes the ability to do many more things: skip indexing certain words (stop words), process synonyms, and use sophisticated parsing, for",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configurations,Introduction,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configurations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0087.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"773",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Table and index",
+		"title":"Table and index",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0088.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"774",
+		"des":"It is possible to do a full text search without an index.A simple query to print each row that contains the word science in its body column is as follows:DROP SCHEMA IF E",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Searching a Table,Table and index,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Searching a Table",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0089.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"775",
+		"des":"You can create a GIN index to speed up text searches:The to_tsvector() function accepts one or two augments.If the one-augment version of the index is used, the system wi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Creating an Index,Table and index,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Creating an Index",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0090.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"776",
+		"des":"The following is an example of using an index. Run the following statements in a database that uses the UTF-8 or GBK encoding:In this example, table1 has two GIN indexes ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Constraints on Index Use,Table and index,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Constraints on Index Use",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0091.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"777",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Controlling Text Search",
+		"title":"Controlling Text Search",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0092.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"778",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides function to_tsvector for converting a document to the tsvector data type.to_tsvector parses a textual document into tokens, reduces the tokens to le",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Parsing Documents,Controlling Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Parsing Documents",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0093.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"779",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions to_tsquery and plainto_tsquery for converting a query to the tsquery data type. to_tsquery offers access to more features than plainto_tsq",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Parsing Queries,Controlling Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Parsing Queries",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0094.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"780",
+		"des":"Ranking attempts to measure how relevant documents are to a particular query, so that when there are many matches the most relevant ones can be shown first. GaussDB(DWS) ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Ranking Search Results,Controlling Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Ranking Search Results",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0095.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"781",
+		"des":"To present search results it is ideal to show a part of each document and how it is related to the query. Usually, search engines show fragments of the document with mark",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Highlighting Results,Controlling Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Highlighting Results",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0096.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"782",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Additional Features",
+		"title":"Additional Features",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0097.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"783",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate documents that are already in tsvector type.tsvector || tsvectorThe tsvector concatenation op",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Manipulating tsvector,Additional Features,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Manipulating tsvector",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0098.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"784",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate queries that are already in tsquery type.tsquery && tsqueryReturns the AND-combination of the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Manipulating Queries,Additional Features,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Manipulating Queries",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0099.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"785",
+		"des":"The ts_rewrite family of functions searches a given tsquery for occurrences of a target subquery, and replace each occurrence with a substitute subquery. In essence this ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Rewriting Queries,Additional Features,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Rewriting Queries",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0100.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"786",
+		"des":"The function ts_stat is useful for checking your configuration and for finding stop-word candidates.sqlquery is a text value containing an SQL query which must return a s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Gathering Document Statistics,Additional Features,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Gathering Document Statistics",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0101.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"787",
+		"des":"Text search parsers are responsible for splitting raw document text into tokens and identifying each token's type, where the set of types is defined by the parser itself.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Parsers,Full Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Parsers",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0102.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"788",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Dictionaries",
+		"title":"Dictionaries",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0103.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"789",
+		"des":"A dictionary is used to define stop words, that is, words to be ignored in full-text retrieval.A dictionary can also be used to normalize words so that different derived ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Overview,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0104.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"790",
+		"des":"Stop words are words that are very common, appear in almost every document, and have no discrimination value. Therefore, they can be ignored in the context of full text s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Stop Words,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Stop Words",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0105.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"791",
+		"des":"A Simple dictionary operates by converting the input token to lower case and checking it against a list of stop words. If the token is found in the list, an empty array w",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Simple Dictionary,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Simple Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0106.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"792",
+		"des":"A synonym dictionary is used to define, identify, and convert synonyms of tokens. Phrases are not supported (use the thesaurus dictionary in Thesaurus Dictionary).A synon",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Synonym Dictionary,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Synonym Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0107.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"793",
+		"des":"A thesaurus dictionary (sometimes abbreviated as TZ) is a collection of words that include relationships between words and phrases, such as broader terms (BT), narrower t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Thesaurus Dictionary,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Thesaurus Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0108.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"794",
+		"des":"The Ispell dictionary template supports morphological dictionaries, which can normalize many different linguistic forms of a word into the same lexeme. For example, an En",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Ispell Dictionary,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Ispell Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0109.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"795",
+		"des":"A Snowball dictionary is based on a project by Martin Porter and is used for stem analysis, providing stemming algorithms for many languages. GaussDB(DWS) provides predef",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Snowball Dictionary,Dictionaries,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Snowball Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0110.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"796",
+		"des":"Text search configuration specifies the following components required for converting a document into a tsvector:A parser, decomposes a text into tokens.Dictionary list, c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Configuration Examples,Full Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Configuration Examples",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0111.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"797",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Testing and Debugging Text Search",
+		"title":"Testing and Debugging Text Search",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0112.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"798",
+		"des":"The function ts_debug allows easy testing of a text search configuration.ts_debug displays information about every token of document as produced by the parser and process",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Testing a Configuration,Testing and Debugging Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Testing a Configuration",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0113.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"799",
+		"des":"The ts_parse function allows direct testing of a text search parser.ts_parse parses the given document and returns a series of records, one for each token produced by par",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Testing a Parser,Testing and Debugging Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Testing a Parser",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0114.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"800",
+		"des":"The ts_lexize function facilitates dictionary testing.ts_lexize(dict regdictionary, token text) returns text[] ts_lexize returns an array of lexemes if the input token is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Testing a Dictionary,Testing and Debugging Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Testing a Dictionary",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0115.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"801",
+		"des":"The current limitations of GaussDB(DWS)'s full text search are:The length of each lexeme must be less than 2 KB.The length of a tsvector (lexemes + positions) must be les",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Limitations,Full Text Search,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Limitations",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0116.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"802",
+		"des":"GaussDB(DWS) runs SQL statements to perform different system operations, such as setting variables, displaying the execution plan, and collecting garbage data.For details",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"System Operation,SQL Syntax Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"System Operation",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0117.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"803",
+		"des":"A transaction is a user-defined sequence of database operations, which form an integral unit of work.GaussDB(DWS) starts a transaction using START TRANSACTION and BEGIN. ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Controlling Transactions,SQL Syntax Reference,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Controlling Transactions",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0118.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"804",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DDL Syntax",
+		"title":"DDL Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0119.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"805",
+		"des":"Data definition language (DDL) is used to define or modify an object in a database, such as a table, index, or view.GaussDB(DWS) does not support DDL if its CN is unavail",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DDL Syntax Overview,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DDL Syntax Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0120.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"806",
+		"des":"This command is used to modify the attributes of a database, including the database name, owner, maximum number of connections, and object isolation attribute.Only the ow",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER DATABASE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0123.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"807",
+		"des":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE modifies a foreign table.NoneSet the attributes of a foreign table.ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ]  table_name\n    OPTIONS ( {[ ADD | SET | DROP ] o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS),DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0124.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"808",
+		"des":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE modifies an HDFS or OBS foreign table.NoneSet a foreign table's attributes.ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ]  table_name\n    OPTIONS ( {[ ADD | SET | ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS),DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0126.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"809",
+		"des":"ALTER FUNCTION modifies the attributes of a customized function.Only the owner of a function or a system administrator can run this statement. If a function involves oper",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER FUNCTION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER FUNCTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0127.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"810",
+		"des":"ALTER GROUP modifies the attributes of a user group.ALTER GROUP is an alias for ALTER ROLE, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use ALTER ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER GROUP,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER GROUP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0128.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"811",
+		"des":"ALTER INDEX modifies the definition of an existing index.There are several sub-forms:IF EXISTSIf the specified index does not exist, a notice instead of an error is sent.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER INDEX,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER INDEX",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0129.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"812",
+		"des":"ALTER LARGE OBJECT modifies the definition of a large object. It can only assign a new owner to a large object.Only the administrator or the owner of the to-be-modified l",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER LARGE OBJECT,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER LARGE OBJECT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0132.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"813",
+		"des":"ALTER REDACTION POLICY modifies a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.Only the owner of the table to which the redaction policy is applied has the permissi",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER REDACTION POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER REDACTION POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0133.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"814",
+		"des":"ALTER RESOURCE POOL changes the Cgroup of a resource pool.Users having the ALTER permission can modify resource pools.pool_nameSpecifies the name of the resource pool.The",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER RESOURCE POOL,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER RESOURCE POOL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0134.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"815",
+		"des":"ALTER ROLE changes the attributes of a role.NoneModifying the Rights of a RoleALTER ROLE role_name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ];The option clause for granting rights is as",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER ROLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER ROLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0135.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"816",
+		"des":"ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY modifies an existing row-level access control policy, including the policy name and the users and expressions affected by the policy.Only ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0136.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"817",
+		"des":"ALTER SCHEMA changes the attributes of a schema.Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run this statement.Rename a schema.ALTER SCHEMA schema_name \n    ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SCHEMA,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SCHEMA",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0137.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"818",
+		"des":"ALTER SEQUENCE modifies the parameters of an existing sequence.You must be the owner of the sequence to use ALTER SEQUENCE.In the current version, you can modify only the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SEQUENCE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SEQUENCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0138.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"819",
+		"des":"ALTER SERVER adds, modifies, or deletes the parameters of an existing server. You can query existing servers from the pg_foreign_server system catalog.Only the owner of a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SERVER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SERVER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0139.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"820",
+		"des":"ALTER SESSION defines or modifies the conditions or parameters that affect the current session. Modified session parameters are kept until the current session is disconne",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SESSION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SESSION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0140.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"821",
+		"des":"ALTER SYNONYM is used to modify the attribute of a synonym.Only the synonym owner can be changed.Only the system administrator and the synonym owner has the permission to",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SYNONYM,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SYNONYM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0141.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"822",
+		"des":"ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ends a session.Nonesession_sid, serialSpecifies SID and SERIAL of a session (see examples for format).Value range: The SIDs and SERIALs of all s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0142.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"823",
+		"des":"ALTER TABLE is used to modify tables, including modifying table definitions, renaming tables, renaming specified columns in tables, renaming table constraints, setting ta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TABLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0143.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"824",
+		"des":"ALTER TABLE PARTITION modifies table partitioning, including adding, deleting, splitting, merging partitions, and modifying partition attributes.The name of the added par",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TABLE PARTITION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TABLE PARTITION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0145.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"825",
+		"des":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION modifies the definition of a text search configuration. You can modify its mappings from token types to dictionaries, change the configura",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0146.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"826",
+		"des":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY modifies the definition of a full-text retrieval dictionary, including its parameters, name, owner, and schema.ALTER is not supported by pred",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0147.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"827",
+		"des":"ALTER TRIGGER modifies the definition of a trigger.Only the owner of a table where a trigger is created and system administrators can run the ALTER TRIGGER statement.trig",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TRIGGER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TRIGGER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0148.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"828",
+		"des":"ALTER TYPE modifies the definition of a type.Modify a type.ALTER TYPE name action [, ... ]\nALTER TYPE name OWNER TO { new_owner | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER }\nALTER TYPE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER TYPE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER TYPE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0149.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"829",
+		"des":"ALTER USER modifies the attributes of a database user.Session parameters modified by ALTER USER apply to a specified user and take effect in the next session.Modify user ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER USER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER USER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0150.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"830",
+		"des":"ALTER VIEW modifies all auxiliary attributes of a view. (To modify the query definition of a view, use CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW.)Only the view owner can modify a view by ru",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER VIEW,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER VIEW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0151.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"831",
+		"des":"CLEAN CONNECTION clears database connections when a database is abnormal. You may use this statement to delete a specific user's connections to a specified database.NoneC",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CLEAN CONNECTION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CLEAN CONNECTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0152.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"832",
+		"des":"CLOSE frees the resources associated with an open cursor.After a cursor is closed, no subsequent operations are allowed on it.A cursor should be closed when it is no long",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CLOSE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CLOSE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0153.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"833",
+		"des":"Cluster a table according to an index.CLUSTER instructs GaussDB(DWS) to cluster the table specified by table_name based on the index specified by index_name. The index mu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CLUSTER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CLUSTER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0154.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"834",
+		"des":"COMMENT defines or changes the comment of an object.Only one comment string is stored for each object. To modify a comment, issue a new COMMENT command for the same objec",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"COMMENT,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"COMMENT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0155.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"835",
+		"des":"Creates a barrier for cluster nodes. The barrier can be used for data restoration.Before creating a barrier, ensure that gtm_backup_barrier and enable_cbm_tracking are se",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE BARRIER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE BARRIER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0156.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"836",
+		"des":"CREATE DATABASE creates a database. By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard system database template1. A different template can be specified ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE DATABASE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0159.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"837",
+		"des":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a GDS foreign table.CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a GDS foreign table in the current database for concurrent data import and export. The GDS f",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export),DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0161.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"838",
+		"des":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates an HDFS or OBS foreign table in the current database to access or export structured data stored on HDFS or OBS. You can also export data in O",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE  (SQL on OBS or Hadoop),DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE  (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0160.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"839",
+		"des":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a foreign table in the current database for parallel data import and export of OBS data. The server used is gsmpp_server, which is created by",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export),DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0163.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"840",
+		"des":"CREATE FUNCTION creates a function.The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a function are not checked.When creating a function, you are advise",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE FUNCTION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE FUNCTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0164.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"841",
+		"des":"CREATE GROUP creates a user group.CREATE GROUP is an alias for CREATE ROLE, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use CREATE ROLE directly.T",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE GROUP,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE GROUP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0165.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"842",
+		"des":"CREATE INDEX-bak defines a new index.Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in slower database performance). You ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE INDEX,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE INDEX",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0168.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"843",
+		"des":"CREATE REDACTION POLICY creates a data redaction policy for a table.Only the table owner has the permission to create a data redaction policy.You can create data redactio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE REDACTION POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE REDACTION POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0169.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"844",
+		"des":"CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY creates a row-level access control policy for a table.The policy takes effect only after row-level access control is enabled (by running ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0170.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"845",
+		"des":"CREATE PROCEDURE creates a stored procedure.The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a stored procedure are not checked.When creating a stored ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE PROCEDURE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE PROCEDURE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0171.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"846",
+		"des":"CREATE RESOURCE POOL creates a resource pool and specifies the Cgroup for the resource pool.As long as the current user has CREATE permission, it can create a resource po",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE RESOURCE POOL,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE RESOURCE POOL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0172.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"847",
+		"des":"Create a role.A role is an entity that has own database objects and permissions. In different environments, a role can be considered a user, a group, or both.CREATE ROLE ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE ROLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE ROLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0173.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"848",
+		"des":"CREATE SCHEMA creates a schema.Named objects are accessed either by \"qualifying\" their names with the schema name as a prefix, or by setting a search path that includes t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE SCHEMA,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE SCHEMA",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0174.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"849",
+		"des":"CREATE SEQUENCE adds a sequence to the current database. The owner of a sequence is the user who creates the sequence.A sequence is a special table that stores arithmetic",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE SEQUENCE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE SEQUENCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0175.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"850",
+		"des":"CREATE SERVER creates an external server.An external server stores information of HDFS clusters, OBS servers, DLI connections, or other homogeneous clusters.By default, o",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE SERVER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE SERVER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0176.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"851",
+		"des":"CREATE SYNONYM is used to create a synonym object. A synonym is an alias of a database object and is used to record the mapping between database object names. You can use",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE SYNONYM,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE SYNONYM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0177.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"852",
+		"des":"CREATE TABLE creates a table in the current database. The table will be owned by the user who created it.For details about the data types supported by column-store tables",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TABLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0178.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"853",
+		"des":"CREATE TABLE AS creates a table based on the results of a query.It creates a table and fills it with data obtained using SELECT. The table columns have the names and data",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TABLE AS,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE AS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0179.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"854",
+		"des":"CREATE TABLE PARTITION creates a partitioned table. Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific sche",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TABLE PARTITION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE PARTITION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0182.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"855",
+		"des":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION creates a text search configuration. A text search configuration specifies a text search parser that can divide a string into tokens, plu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0183.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"856",
+		"des":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY creates a full-text search dictionary. A dictionary is used to identify and process specified words during full-text search.Dictionaries are",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0184.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"857",
+		"des":"CREATE TRIGGER creates a trigger. The trigger will be associated with a specified table or view, and will execute a specified function when certain events occur.Currently",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TRIGGER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TRIGGER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0185.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"858",
+		"des":"CREATE TYPE defines a new data type in the current database. The user who defines a new data type becomes its owner. Types are designed only for row-store tables.Four typ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE TYPE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE TYPE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0186.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"859",
+		"des":"CREATE USER creates a user.A user created using the CREATE USER statement has the LOGIN permission by default.A schema named after the user is automatically created in th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE USER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE USER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0187.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"860",
+		"des":"CREATE VIEW creates a view. A view is a virtual table, not a base table. A database only stores the definition of a view and does not store its data. The data is still st",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CREATE VIEW,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CREATE VIEW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0188.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"861",
+		"des":"CURSOR defines a cursor. This command retrieves few rows of data in a query.To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store cont",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CURSOR,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CURSOR",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0189.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"862",
+		"des":"DROP DATABASE deletes a database.Only the owner of a database or a system administrator has the permission to run the DROP DATABASE command.DROP DATABASE does not take ef",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP DATABASE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP DATABASE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0192.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"863",
+		"des":"DROP FOREIGN TABLE deletes a specified foreign table.DROP FOREIGN TABLE forcibly deletes a specified table. After a table is deleted, any indexes that exist for the table",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP FOREIGN TABLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP FOREIGN TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0193.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"864",
+		"des":"DROP FUNCTION deletes an existing function.If a function involves operations on temporary tables, the function cannot be deleted by running DROP FUNCTION.IF EXISTSSends a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP FUNCTION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP FUNCTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0194.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"865",
+		"des":"DROP GROUP deletes a user group.DROP GROUP is the alias for DROP ROLE.DROP GROUP is the internal interface encapsulated in the gs_om tool. You are not advised to use this",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP GROUP,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP GROUP",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0195.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"866",
+		"des":"DROP INDEX deletes an index.Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run DROP INDEX command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP INDEX,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP INDEX",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0198.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"867",
+		"des":"DROP OWNED deletes the database objects of a database role.The role's permissions on all the database objects in the current database and shared objects (databases and ta",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP OWNED,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP OWNED",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0199.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"868",
+		"des":"DROP REDACTION POLICY deletes a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.Only the table owner has the permission to delete a data redaction policy.IF EXISTSSend",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP REDACTION POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP REDACTION POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0200.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"869",
+		"des":"DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY deletes a row-level access control policy from a table.Only the table owner or administrators can delete a row-level access control policy ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0201.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"870",
+		"des":"DROP PROCEDURE deletes an existing stored procedure.None.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the stored procedure does not exist.Sends a notice instead of an e",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP PROCEDURE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP PROCEDURE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0202.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"871",
+		"des":"DROP RESOURCE POOL deletes a resource pool.The resource pool cannot be deleted if it is associated with a role.The user must have the DROP permission in order to delete a",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP RESOURCE POOL,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP RESOURCE POOL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0203.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"872",
+		"des":"DROP ROLE deletes a specified role.If a \"role is being used by other users\" error is displayed when you run DROP ROLE, it might be that threads cannot respond to signals ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP ROLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP ROLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0204.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"873",
+		"des":"DROP SCHEMA deletes a schema in a database.Only a schema owner or a system administrator can run the DROP SCHEMA command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP SCHEMA,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP SCHEMA",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0205.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"874",
+		"des":"DROP SEQUENCE deletes a sequence from the current database.Only a sequence owner or a system administrator can delete a sequence.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an err",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP SEQUENCE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP SEQUENCE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0206.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"875",
+		"des":"DROP SERVER deletes an existing data server.Only the server owner can delete a server.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified table does not exist.Se",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP SERVER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP SERVER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0207.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"876",
+		"des":"DROP SYNONYM is used to delete a synonym object.Only a synonym owner or a system administrator can run the DROP SYNONYM command.IF EXISTSSend a notice instead of reportin",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP SYNONYM,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP SYNONYM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0208.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"877",
+		"des":"DROP TABLE deletes a specified table.Only the table owner, schema owner, and system administrator have the permission to delete a table. To delete all the rows in a table",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TABLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TABLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0210.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"878",
+		"des":"DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION deletes an existing text search configuration.To run the DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION command, you must be the owner of the text search c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0211.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"879",
+		"des":"DROPTEXT SEARCHDICTIONARY deletes a full-text retrieval dictionary.DROP is not supported by predefined dictionaries.Only the owner of a dictionary can do DROP to the dict",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0212.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"880",
+		"des":"DROP TRIGGER deletes a trigger.Only the owner of a trigger and system administrators can run the DROP TRIGGER statement.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TRIGGER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TRIGGER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0213.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"881",
+		"des":"DROP TYPE deletes a user-defined data type. Only the type owner has permission to run this statement.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified type doe",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP TYPE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP TYPE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0214.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"882",
+		"des":"Deleting a user will also delete the schema having the same name as the user.CASCADE is used to delete objects (excluding databases) that depend on the user. CASCADE cann",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP USER,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP USER",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0215.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"883",
+		"des":"DROP VIEW forcibly deletes an existing view in a database.Only a view owner or a system administrator can run DROP VIEW command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an erro",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DROP VIEW,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DROP VIEW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0216.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"884",
+		"des":"FETCH retrieves data using a previously-created cursor.A cursor has an associated position, which is used by FETCH. The cursor position can be before the first row of the",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"FETCH,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"FETCH",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0217.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"885",
+		"des":"MOVE repositions a cursor without retrieving any data. MOVE works exactly like the FETCH command, except it only repositions the cursor and does not return rows.NoneThe d",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"MOVE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"MOVE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0218.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"886",
+		"des":"REINDEX rebuilds an index using the data stored in the index's table, replacing the old copy of the index.There are several scenarios in which REINDEX can be used:An inde",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"REINDEX,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"REINDEX",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0219.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"887",
+		"des":"RESET restores run-time parameters to their default values. The default values are parameter default values complied in the postgresql.conf configuration file.RESET is an",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"RESET,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"RESET",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0220.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"888",
+		"des":"SET modifies a run-time parameter.Most run-time parameters can be modified by executing SET. Some parameters cannot be modified after a server or session starts.Set the s",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SET,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SET",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0221.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"889",
+		"des":"SET CONSTRAINTS sets the behavior of constraint checking within the current transaction.IMMEDIATE constraints are checked at the end of each statement. DEFERRED constrain",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SET CONSTRAINTS,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SET CONSTRAINTS",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0222.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"890",
+		"des":"SET ROLE sets the current user identifier of the current session.Users of the current session must be members of specified rolename, but the system administrator can choo",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SET ROLE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SET ROLE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0223.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"891",
+		"des":"SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sets the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current SQL session to a specified user.The session identifier can be ch",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0224.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"892",
+		"des":"SHOW shows the current value of a run-time parameter. You can use the SET statement to set these parameters.Some parameters that can be viewed by SHOW are read-only. You ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SHOW,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SHOW",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0225.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"893",
+		"des":"TRUNCATE quickly removes all rows from a database table.It has the same effect as an unqualified DELETE on each table, but it is faster since it does not actually scan th",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"TRUNCATE,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"TRUNCATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0226.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"894",
+		"des":"VACUUM reclaims storage space occupied by tables or B-tree indexes. In normal database operation, rows that have been deleted or obsoleted by an update are not physically",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"VACUUM,DDL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"VACUUM",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0227.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"895",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DML Syntax",
+		"title":"DML Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0228.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"896",
+		"des":"Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to perform operations on data in database tables, such as inserting, updating, querying, or deleting data.Inserting data refers t",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DML Syntax Overview,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DML Syntax Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0229.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"897",
+		"des":"CALL calls defined functions or stored procedures.NoneschemaSpecifies the name of the schema where a function or stored procedure is located.Specifies the name of the sch",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CALL,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CALL",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0230.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"898",
+		"des":"COPY copies data between tables and files.COPY FROM copies data from a file to a table. COPY TO copies data from a table to a file.If CNs and DNs are enabled in security ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"COPY,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"COPY",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0231.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"899",
+		"des":"DELETE deletes rows that satisfy the WHERE clause from the specified table. If the WHERE clause does not exist, all rows in the table will be deleted. The result is a val",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DELETE,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DELETE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0232.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"900",
+		"des":"EXPLAIN shows the execution plan of an SQL statement.The execution plan shows how the tables referenced by the SQL statement will be scanned, for example, by plain sequen",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"EXPLAIN,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"EXPLAIN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0233.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"901",
+		"des":"You can run the EXPLAIN PLAN statement to save the information about an execution plan to the PLAN_TABLE table. Different from the EXPLAIN statement, EXPLAIN PLAN only st",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"EXPLAIN PLAN,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"EXPLAIN PLAN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0234.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"902",
+		"des":"LOCK TABLE obtains a table-level lock.GaussDB(DWS) always tries to select the lock mode with minimum constraints when automatically requesting a lock for a command refere",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"LOCK,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"LOCK",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0235.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"903",
+		"des":"The MERGE INTO statement is used to conditionally match data in a target table with that in a source table. If data matches, UPDATE is executed on the target table; if da",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"MERGE INTO,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"MERGE INTO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0275.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"904",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"INSERT and UPSERT",
+		"title":"INSERT and UPSERT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0236.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"905",
+		"des":"INSERT inserts new rows into a table.You must have the INSERT permission on a table in order to insert into it.Use of the RETURNING clause requires the SELECT permission ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"INSERT,INSERT and UPSERT,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"INSERT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0237.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"906",
+		"des":"UPSERT inserts rows into a table. When a row duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value, the row will be ignored or updated.The UPSERT syntax is supported onl",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UPSERT,INSERT and UPSERT,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UPSERT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0240.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"907",
+		"des":"UPDATE updates data in a table. UPDATE changes the values of the specified columns in all rows that satisfy the condition. The WHERE clause clarifies conditions. The colu",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"UPDATE,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"UPDATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0241.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"908",
+		"des":"VALUES computes a row or a set of rows based on given values. It is most commonly used to generate a constant table within a large command.VALUES lists with large numbers",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"VALUES,DML Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"VALUES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0242.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"909",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DCL Syntax",
+		"title":"DCL Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0243.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"910",
+		"des":"Data control language (DCL) is used to set or modify database users or role rights.GaussDB(DWS) provides a statement for granting rights to data objects and roles. For de",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DCL Syntax Overview,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DCL Syntax Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0244.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"911",
+		"des":"ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES allows you to set the permissions that will be used for objects to be created. It does not affect permissions assigned to existing objects.To iso",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0245.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"912",
+		"des":"ANALYZE collects statistics about ordinary tables in a database, and stores the results in the PG_STATISTIC system catalog. The execution plan generator uses these statis",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ANALYZE | ANALYSE,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ANALYZE | ANALYSE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0246.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"913",
+		"des":"DEALLOCATE deallocates a previously prepared statement. If you do not explicitly deallocate a prepared statement, it is deallocated when the session ends.The PREPARE key ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DEALLOCATE,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DEALLOCATE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0247.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"914",
+		"des":"DO executes an anonymous code block.A code block is a function body without parameters that returns void. It is analyzed and executed at the same time.Before using a prog",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DO,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0248.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"915",
+		"des":"EXECUTE executes a prepared statement. A prepared statement only exists in the lifecycle of a session. Therefore, only prepared statements created using PREPARE earlier i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"EXECUTE,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"EXECUTE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0249.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"916",
+		"des":"EXECUTE DIRECT executes an SQL statement on a specified node. Generally, the cluster automatically allocates an SQL statement to proper nodes. EXECUTE DIRECT is mainly us",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"EXECUTE DIRECT,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"EXECUTE DIRECT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0250.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"917",
+		"des":"GRANT grants permissions to roles and users.GRANT is used in the following scenarios:Granting system permissions to roles or usersSystem permissions are also called user ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GRANT,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GRANT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0251.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"918",
+		"des":"PREPARE creates a prepared statement.A prepared statement is a performance optimizing object on the server. When the PREPARE statement is executed, the specified query is",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PREPARE,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PREPARE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0252.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"919",
+		"des":"REASSIGN OWNED changes the owner of a database.REASSIGN OWNED requires that the system change owners of all the database objects owned by old_roles to new_role.REASSIGN O",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"REASSIGN OWNED,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"REASSIGN OWNED",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0253.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"920",
+		"des":"REVOKE revokes rights from one or more roles.If a non-owner user of an object attempts to REVOKE rights on the object, the command is executed based on the following rule",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"REVOKE,DCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"REVOKE",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0276.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"921",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DQL Syntax",
+		"title":"DQL Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0277.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"922",
+		"des":"Data Query Language (DQL) can obtain data from tables or views.GaussDB(DWS) provides statements for obtaining data from tables or views. For details, see SELECT.GaussDB(D",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"DQL Syntax Overview,DQL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"DQL Syntax Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0238.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"923",
+		"des":"SELECT retrieves data from a table or view.Serving as an overlaid filter for a database table, SELECT using SQL keywords retrieves required data from data tables.Using SE",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SELECT,DQL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SELECT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0239.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"924",
+		"des":"SELECT INTO defines a new table based on a query result and insert data obtained by query to the new table.Different from SELECT, data found by SELECT INTO is not returne",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SELECT INTO,DQL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SELECT INTO",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0254.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"925",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"TCL Syntax",
+		"title":"TCL Syntax",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0255.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"926",
+		"des":"Transaction Control Language (TCL) controls the time and effect of database transactions and monitors the database.GaussDB(DWS) uses the COMMIT or END statement to commit",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"TCL Syntax Overview,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"TCL Syntax Overview",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0256.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"927",
+		"des":"ABORT rolls back the current transaction and cancels the changes in the transaction.This command is equivalent to ROLLBACK, and is present only for historical reasons. No",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ABORT,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ABORT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0257.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"928",
+		"des":"BEGIN may be used to initiate an anonymous block or a single transaction. This section describes the syntax of BEGIN used to initiate an anonymous block. For details abou",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"BEGIN,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"BEGIN",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0258.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"929",
+		"des":"A checkpoint is a point in the transaction log sequence at which all data files have been updated to reflect the information in the log. All data files will be flushed to",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"CHECKPOINT,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"CHECKPOINT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0259.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"930",
+		"des":"COMMIT or END commits all operations of a transaction.Only the transaction creators or system administrators can run the COMMIT command. The creation and commit operation",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"COMMIT | END,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"COMMIT | END",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0260.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"931",
+		"des":"COMMIT PREPARED commits a prepared two-phase transaction.The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter xc_maintenance_mode is on). Exercise cauti",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"COMMIT PREPARED,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"COMMIT PREPARED",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0262.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"932",
+		"des":"PREPARE TRANSACTION prepares the current transaction for two-phase commit.After this command, the transaction is no longer associated with the current session; instead, i",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"PREPARE TRANSACTION,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"PREPARE TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0263.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"933",
+		"des":"SAVEPOINT establishes a new savepoint within the current transaction.A savepoint is a special mark inside a transaction that rolls back all commands that are executed aft",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SAVEPOINT,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SAVEPOINT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0264.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"934",
+		"des":"SET TRANSACTION sets the characteristics of the current transaction. It has no effect on any subsequent transactions. Available transaction characteristics include the tr",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"SET TRANSACTION,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"SET TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0265.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"935",
+		"des":"START TRANSACTION starts a transaction. If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, a new transaction will have those characteristics. You c",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"START TRANSACTION,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"START TRANSACTION",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0266.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"936",
+		"des":"Rolls back the current transaction and backs out all updates in the transaction.ROLLBACK backs out of all changes that a transaction makes to a database if the transactio",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ROLLBACK,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0267.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"937",
+		"des":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT destroys a savepoint previously defined in the current transaction.Destroying a savepoint makes it unavailable as a rollback point, but it has no other ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0268.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"938",
+		"des":"ROLLBACK PREPARED cancels a transaction ready for two-phase committing.The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter xc_maintenance_mode is on). ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ROLLBACK PREPARED,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK PREPARED",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0269.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"939",
+		"des":"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT rolls back to a savepoint. It implicitly destroys all savepoints that were established after the named savepoint.Rolls back all commands that were e",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,TCL Syntax,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0270.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"940",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GIN Indexes",
+		"title":"GIN Indexes",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0271.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"941",
+		"des":"Generalized Inverted Index (GIN) is designed for handling cases where the items to be indexed are composite values, and the queries to be handled by the index need to sea",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Introduction,GIN Indexes,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Introduction",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0272.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"942",
+		"des":"The GIN interface has a high level of abstraction, requiring the access method implementer only to implement the semantics of the data type being accessed. The GIN layer ",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Scalability,GIN Indexes,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Scalability",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0273.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"943",
+		"des":"Internally, a GIN index contains a B-tree index constructed over keys, where each key is an element of one or more indexed items (a member of an array, for example) and w",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Implementation,GIN Indexes,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Implementation",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_06_0274.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"944",
+		"des":"Create vs. InsertInsertion into a GIN index can be slow due to the likelihood of many keys being inserted for each item. So, for bulk insertions into a table, it is advis",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"GIN Tips and Tricks,GIN Indexes,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"GIN Tips and Tricks",
+		"githuburl":""
+	},
+	{
+		"uri":"dws_04_3333.html",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"code":"945",
+		"des":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"kw":"Change History,Developer Guide",
+		"title":"Change History",
+		"githuburl":""
+	}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/CLASS.TXT.json b/docs/dws/dev/CLASS.TXT.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0dc84935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/CLASS.TXT.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8507 @@
+[
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Developer Guide",
+		"uri":"dws_04_1000.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"",
+		"code":"1"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Welcome",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0001.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"2"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This document is intended for database designers, application developers, and database administrators, and provides information required for designing, building, querying",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Target Readers",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0002.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"2",
+		"code":"3"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If you are a new GaussDB(DWS) user, you are advised to read the following contents first:Sections describing the features, functions, and application scenarios of GaussDB",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Reading Guide",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0004.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"2",
+		"code":"4"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQL examples in this manual are developed based on the TPC-DS model. Before you execute the examples, install the TPC-DS benchmark by following the instructions on the of",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Conventions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0005.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"2",
+		"code":"5"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Complete the following tasks before you perform operations described in this document:Create a GaussDB(DWS) cluster.Install an SQL client.Connect the SQL client to the de",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Prerequisites",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0006.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"2",
+		"code":"6"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0007.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"7"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) manages cluster transactions, the basis of HA and failovers. This ensures speedy fault recovery, guarantees the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Highly Reliable Transaction Processing",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0011.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"7",
+		"code":"8"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following GaussDB(DWS) features help achieve high query performance.GaussDB(DWS) is an MPP system with the shared-nothing architecture. It consists of multiple indepe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"High Query Performance",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0012.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"7",
+		"code":"9"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A database manages data objects and is isolated from other databases. While creating a database, you can specify a tablespace. If you do not specify it, database objects ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Related Concepts",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0015.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"7",
+		"code":"10"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Migration",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0985.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"11"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides flexible methods for importing data. You can import data from different sources to GaussDB(DWS). The features of each method are listed in Table 1. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0180.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"12"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Import",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0179.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"13"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data from OBS in Parallel",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0181.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"14"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The object storage service (OBS) is an object-based cloud storage service, featuring data storage of high security, proven reliability, and cost-effectiveness. OBS provid",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"About Parallel Data Import from OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0182.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"14",
+		"code":"15"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0154.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"14",
+		"code":"16"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In this example, OBS data is imported to GaussDB(DWS) databases. When users who have registered with the cloud platform access OBS using clients, call APIs, or SDKs, acce",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0183.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"16",
+		"code":"17"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before importing data from OBS to a cluster, prepare source data files and upload these files to OBS. If the data files have been stored on OBS, you only need to complete",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Uploading Data to OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0184.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"16",
+		"code":"18"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"format: format of the source data file in the foreign table. OBS foreign tables support CSV and TEXT formats. The default value is TEXT.header: Whether the data file cont",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0185.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"16",
+		"code":"19"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before importing data, you are advised to optimize your design and deployment based on the following excellent practices, helping maximize system resource utilization and",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0186.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"16",
+		"code":"20"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Handle errors that occurred during data import.Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.Data format errorWhe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Handling Import Errors",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0187.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"16",
+		"code":"21"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0155.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"14",
+		"code":"22"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before you use the SQL on OBS feature to query OBS data:You have stored the ORC data on OBS.For example, the ORC table has been created when you use the Hive or Spark com",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Preparing Data on OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0243.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"23"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to create a foreign server that is used to define the information about OBS servers and is invoked by foreign tables. For details about the syn",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0244.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"24"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After performing steps in Creating a Foreign Server, create an OBS foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access the data stored in OBS. An OBS foreign table is re",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0245.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"25"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If the data amount is small, you can directly run SELECT to query the foreign table and view the data on OBS.If the query result is the same as the data in Original Data,",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0246.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"26"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Deleting Resources",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0247.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"27"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In the big data field, the mainstream file format is ORC, which is supported by GaussDB(DWS). You can use Hive to export data to an ORC file and use a read-only foreign t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Supported Data Types",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0156.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"22",
+		"code":"28"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0189.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"29"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"INSERT and COPY statements are serially executed to import a small volume of data. To import a large volume of data to GaussDB(DWS), you can use GDS to import data in par",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0190.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"30"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Generally, the data to be imported has been uploaded to the data server. In this case, you only need to check the communication between the data server and GaussDB(DWS), ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Preparing Source Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0192.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"31"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) uses GDS to allocate the source data for parallel data import. Deploy GDS on the data server.If a large volume of data is stored on multiple data servers, in",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0193.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"32"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The source data information and GDS access information are configured in a foreign table. Then, GaussDB(DWS) can import data from a data server to a database table based ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0194.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"33"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to create tables in GaussDB(DWS) and import data to the tables.Before importing all the data from a table containing over 10 million records, y",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0195.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"34"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Handle errors that occurred during data import.Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.Data format errorWhe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Handling Import Errors",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0196.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"35"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Stop GDS after data is imported successfully.If GDS is started using the gds command, perform the following operations to stop GDS:Query the GDS process ID:ps -ef|grep gd",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stopping GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0197.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"36"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The data servers and the cluster reside on the same intranet. The IP addresses are 192.168.0.90 and 192.168.0.91. Source data files are in CSV format.Create the target ta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example of Importing Data Using GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0198.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"29",
+		"code":"37"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0210.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"38"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"MRS is a big data cluster running based on the open-source Hadoop ecosystem. It provides the industry's latest cutting-edge storage and analytical capabilities of massive",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0066.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"39"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before importing data from MRS to a GaussDB(DWS) cluster, you must have:Created an MRS cluster.Created the Hive/Spark ORC table in the MRS cluster and stored the table da",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0212.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"40"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In the syntax CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS) for creating a foreign table, you need to specify a foreign server associated with the MRS data source connectio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Manually Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0213.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"41"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to create a Hadoop foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access the Hadoop structured data stored on MRS HDFS. A Hadoop foreign table i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0214.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"42"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If the data amount is small, you can directly run SELECT to query the foreign table and view the data in the MRS data source.If the query result is the same as the data i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0215.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"43"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Deleting Resources",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0216.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"44"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following error information indicates that GaussDB(DWS) is to read an ORC data file but the actual file is in text format. Therefore, create a table of the Hive ORC t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Error Handling",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0217.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"38",
+		"code":"45"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can create foreign tables to perform associated queries and import data between clusters.Import data from one GaussDB(DWS) cluster to another.Perform associated queri",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0949.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"46"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The gsql tool of GaussDB(DWS) provides the \\copy meta-command to import data.For details about the \\copy command, see Table 1.tableSpecifies the name (possibly schema-qua",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using the gsql Meta-Command \\COPY to Import Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0208.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"47"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0203.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"13",
+		"code":"48"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This method is applicable to low-concurrency scenarios where a small volume of data is to be imported.Use either of the following methods to write data to GaussDB(DWS) us",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0204.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"48",
+		"code":"49"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in GaussDB(DWS). It is used to import data to GaussDB(DWS) in batches.The CopyManager class is in the or",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Introduction to the CopyManager Class",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0205.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"48",
+		"code":"50"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on GaussDB(DWS), you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0206.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"48",
+		"code":"51"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0207.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"48",
+		"code":"52"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Full Database Migration",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0986.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"53"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use CDM to migrate data from other data sources (for example, MySQL) to the databases in clusters on GaussDB(DWS).For details about scenarios where CDM is used to",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0219.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"53",
+		"code":"54"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The DSC is a CLI tool running on the Linux or Windows OS. It is dedicated to providing customers with simple, fast, and reliable application SQL script migration services",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts",
+		"uri":"dws_01_0127.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"53",
+		"code":"55"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Metadata Migration",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0987.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"56"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0269.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"56",
+		"code":"57"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides gs_dump and gs_dumpall to export required database objects and related information. To migrate database information, you can use a tool to import th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0270.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"57",
+		"code":"58"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting a Single Database",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0271.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"57",
+		"code":"59"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a database from GaussDB(DWS). You can specify the information to be exported as follows:Export full infor",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting a Database",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0272.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"59",
+		"code":"60"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a schema from GaussDB(DWS). You can export one or more specified schemas as needed. You can specify the i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting a Schema",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0273.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"59",
+		"code":"61"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a table-level object from GaussDB(DWS). Views, sequences, and foreign tables are special tables. You can ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting a Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0274.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"59",
+		"code":"62"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting All Databases",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0275.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"57",
+		"code":"63"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use gs_dumpall to export full information of all databases in a cluster from GaussDB(DWS), including information about each database and global objects in the clu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting All Databases",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0276.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"63",
+		"code":"64"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use gs_dumpall to export global objects from GaussDB(DWS), including database users, user groups, tablespaces, and attributes (for example, global access permissi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Global Objects",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0277.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"63",
+		"code":"65"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"gs_dump and gs_dumpall use -U to specify the user that performs the export. If the specified user does not have the required permission, data cannot be exported. In this ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0278.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"57",
+		"code":"66"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"gs_restore is an import tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). You can use gs_restore to import the files exported by gs_dump to a database. gs_restore can import the files in .t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using gs_restore to Import Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0209.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"56",
+		"code":"67"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0249.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"68"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data to OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0250.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"68",
+		"code":"69"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) databases allow you to export data in parallel using OBS foreign tables, in which the export mode and the exported data format are specified. Data is exporte",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Parallel OBS Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0251.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"69",
+		"code":"70"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0157.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"69",
+		"code":"71"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Plan the storage location of exported data in OBS.You need to specify the OBS path (to directory) for storing data that you want to export. The exported data can be saved",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0252.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"71",
+		"code":"72"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To obtain access keys, log in to the management console, click the username in the upper right corner, and select My Credential from the menu. Then choose Access Keys in ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating an OBS Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0253.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"71",
+		"code":"73"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file through the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM p",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0254.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"71",
+		"code":"74"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Create two foreign tables and use them to export tables from a database to two buckets in OBS.OBS and the database are in the same region. The example GaussDB(DWS) table ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Examples",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0255.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"71",
+		"code":"75"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting ORC Data to OBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0256.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"69",
+		"code":"76"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about exporting data to OBS, see Planning Data Export.For details about the data types that can be exported to OBS, see Table 2.For details about HDFS data ex",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0258.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"76",
+		"code":"77"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about creating a foreign server on OBS, see Creating a Foreign Server.For details about creating a foreign server in HDFS, see Manually Creating a Foreign Ser",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0259.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"76",
+		"code":"78"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After operations in Creating a Foreign Server are complete, create an OBS/HDFS write-only foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access data stored in OBS/HDFS. Th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0260.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"76",
+		"code":"79"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file using the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM pro",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0158.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"76",
+		"code":"80"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting ORC Data to MRS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0159.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"68",
+		"code":"81"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) allows you to export ORC data to MRS using an HDFS foreign table. You can specify the export mode and export data format in the foreign table. Data is export",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0160.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"81",
+		"code":"82"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about the data types that can be exported to MRS, see Table 2.For details about HDFS data export or MRS configuration, see the MapReduce Service User Guide.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0161.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"81",
+		"code":"83"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about creating a foreign server on HDFS, see Manually Creating a Foreign Server.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0162.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"81",
+		"code":"84"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After operations in Creating a Foreign Server are complete, create an HDFS write-only foreign table in the GaussDB(DWS) database to access data stored in HDFS. The foreig",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0163.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"81",
+		"code":"85"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Example 1: Export data from table product_info_output to a data file using the product_info_output_ext foreign table.INSERT INTO product_info_output_ext SELECT * FROM pro",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0164.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"81",
+		"code":"86"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0261.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"68",
+		"code":"87"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In high-concurrency scenarios, you can use GDS to export data from a database to a common file system.In the current GDS version, data can be exported from a database to ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0262.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"88"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before you use GDS to export data from a cluster, prepare data to be exported and plan the export path.Remote modeIf the following information is displayed, the user and ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Planning Data Export",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0263.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"89"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GDS is a data service tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.For details, see Installing, Configuri",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0264.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"90"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Remote modeSet the location parameter to the URL of the directory that stores the data files.You do not need to specify any file.For example:The IP address of the GDS dat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating a GDS Foreign Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0265.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"91"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Ensure that the IP addresses and ports of servers where CNs and DNs are deployed can connect to those of the GDS server.Create batch processing scripts to export data in ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Exporting Data",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0266.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"92"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GDS is a data service tool provided by GaussDB(DWS). Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.For details, see Stopping GDS.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stopping GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0267.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"93"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The data server and the cluster reside on the same intranet, the IP address of the data server is 192.168.0.90, and data source files are in CSV format. In this scenario,",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0268.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"87",
+		"code":"94"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0988.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"11",
+		"code":"95"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GDS supports concurrent import and export. The gds -t parameter is used to set the size of the thread pool and control the maximum number of concurrent working threads. B",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GDS Pipe FAQs",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0279.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"95",
+		"code":"96"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data skew causes the query performance to deteriorate. Before importing all the data from a table consisting of over 10 million records, you are advised to import some of",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Checking for Data Skew",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0228.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"95",
+		"code":"97"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) is compatible with Oracle, Teradata and MySQL syntax, of which the syntax behavior is different.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0042.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"98"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Database Security Management",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0043.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"99"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Managing Users and Their Permissions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0053.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"99",
+		"code":"100"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A user who creates an object is the owner of this object. By default, Separation of Permissions is disabled after cluster installation. A database system administrator ha",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Default Permission Mechanism",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0054.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"101"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A system administrator is an account with the SYSADMIN permission. After a cluster is installed, a system administrator has the permissions of all object owners by defaul",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Administrator",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0055.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"102"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Descriptions in Default Permission Mechanism and System Administrator are about the initial situation after a cluster is created. By default, a system administrator with ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Separation of Permissions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0056.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"103"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can use CREATE USER and ALTER USER to create and manage database users, respectively. The database cluster has one or more named databases. Users and roles are shared",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Users",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0057.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"104"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A role is a set of permissions. After a role is granted to a user through GRANT, the user will have all the permissions of the role. It is recommended that roles be used ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Roles",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0058.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"105"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Schemas function as models. Schema management allows multiple users to use the same database without mutual impacts, to organize database objects as manageable logical gr",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Schema",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0059.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"106"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To grant the permission for an object directly to a user, use GRANT.When permissions for a table or view in a schema are granted to a user or role, the USAGE permission o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"User Permission Setting",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0060.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"107"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Setting Security Policies",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0063.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"100",
+		"code":"108"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For data security purposes, GaussDB(DWS) provides a series of security measures, such as automatically locking and unlocking accounts, manually locking and unlocking abno",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Setting Account Security Policies",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0064.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"108",
+		"code":"109"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When creating a user, you need to specify the validity period of the user, including the start time and end time.To enable a user not within the validity period to use it",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Setting the Validity Period of an Account",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0065.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"108",
+		"code":"110"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"User passwords are stored in the system catalog pg_authid. To prevent password leakage, GaussDB(DWS) encrypts and stores the user passwords.Password complexityThe passwor",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Setting a User Password",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0067.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"108",
+		"code":"111"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Sensitive Data Management",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0994.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"99",
+		"code":"112"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The row-level access control feature enables database access control to be accurate to each row of data tables. In this way, the same SQL query may return different resul",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Row-Level Access Control",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0061.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"112",
+		"code":"113"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides the column-level dynamic data masking (DDM) function. For sensitive data, such as the ID card number, mobile number, and bank card number, the DDM f",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Redaction",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0062.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"112",
+		"code":"114"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) supports encryption and decryption of strings using the following functions:gs_encrypt(encryptstr, keystr, cryptotype, cryptomode, hashmethod)Description: En",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0995.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"112",
+		"code":"115"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Development and Design Proposal",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0074.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"116"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This chapter describes the design specifications for database modeling and application development. Modeling compliant with these specifications fits the distributed proc",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Development and Design Proposal",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0075.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"117"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The name of a database object must contain 1 to 63 characters, start with a letter or underscore (_), and can contain letters, digits, underscores (_), dollar signs ($), ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Database Object Naming Conventions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0076.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"118"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Database Object Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0077.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"119"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In GaussDB(DWS), services can be isolated by databases and schemas. Databases share little resources and cannot directly access each other. Connections to and permissions",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Database and Schema Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0078.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"119",
+		"code":"120"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) uses a distributed architecture. Data is distributed on DNs. Comply with the following principles to properly design a table:[Notice] Evenly distribute data ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Table Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0079.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"119",
+		"code":"121"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Comply with the following rules to improve query efficiency when you design columns:[Proposal] Use the most efficient data types allowed.If all of the following number ty",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Column Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0080.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"119",
+		"code":"122"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"[Proposal] If all the column values can be obtained from services, you are not advised to use the DEFAULT constraint, because doing so will generate unexpected results du",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Constraint Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0081.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"119",
+		"code":"123"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"[Proposal] Do not nest views unless they have strong dependency on each other.[Proposal] Try to avoid sort operations in a view definition.[Proposal] Minimize joined colu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"View and Joined Table Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0082.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"119",
+		"code":"124"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Currently, third-party tools are connected to GaussDB(DWS) trough JDBC. This section describes the precautions for configuring the tools.[Notice] When a third-party tool ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JDBC Configuration",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0083.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"125"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"[Proposal] In GaussDB(DWS), you are advised to execute DDL operations, such as creating table or making comments, separately from batch processing jobs to avoid performan",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQL Compilation",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0084.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"126"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"[Notice] Java UDFs can perform some Java logic calculation. Do not encapsulate services in Java UDFs.[Notice] Do not connect to a database in any way (for example, by usi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PL/Java Usage",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0971.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"127"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Development shall strictly comply with design documents.Program modules shall be highly cohesive and loosely coupled.Proper, comprehensive troubleshooting measures shall ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PL/pgSQL Usage",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0972.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"116",
+		"code":"128"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0085.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"129"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If the connection pool mechanism is used during application development, comply with the following specifications:If GUC parameters are set in the connection, before you ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Development Specifications",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0086.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"129",
+		"code":"130"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details, see section \"Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver\" in the Data Warehouse Service User Guide.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Downloading Drivers",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0087.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"129",
+		"code":"131"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JDBC-Based Development",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0088.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"129",
+		"code":"132"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Obtain the package dws_8.1.x_jdbc_driver.zip from the management console. For details, see Downloading Drivers.Compressed in it is the JDBC driver JAR package:gsjdbc4.jar",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JDBC Package and Driver Class",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0090.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"133"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Development Process",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0091.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"134"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Load the database driver before creating a database connection.You can load the driver in the following ways:Implicitly loading the driver before creating a connection in",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Loading a Driver",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0092.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"135"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After a database is connected, you can execute SQL statements in the database.If you use an open-source Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver, ensure that the database",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Connecting to a Database",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0093.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"136"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The application performs data (parameter statements do not need to be transferred) in the database by running SQL statements, and you need to perform the following steps:",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Executing SQL Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0095.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"137"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Different types of result sets are applicable to different application scenarios. Applications select proper types of result sets based on requirements. Before executing ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Processing Data in a Result Set",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0096.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"138"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"After you complete required data operations in the database, close the database connection.Call the close method to close the connection, such as, conn. close().",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Closing the Connection",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0097.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"139"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before completing the following example, you need to create a stored procedure.This example illustrates how to develop applications based on the GaussDB(DWS) JDBC interfa",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Common Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0098.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"140"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If the primary DN is faulty and cannot be restored within 40s, its standby is automatically promoted to primary to ensure the normal running of the cluster. Jobs running ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0099.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"141"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on GaussDB(DWS), you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0100.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"142"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0101.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"143"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JDBC Interface Reference",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0102.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"132",
+		"code":"144"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.Connection, the interface for connecting to a database.The AutoCommit mode is used by default within the interface. If you disable it runn",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.Connection",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0103.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"145"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.CallableStatement, the stored procedure execution interface.The batch operation of statements containing OUT parameter is not allowed.The ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.CallableStatement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0104.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"146"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.DatabaseMetaData, the interface for defining database objects.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.DatabaseMetaData",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0105.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"147"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.Driver, the database driver interface.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.Driver",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0106.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"148"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.PreparedStatement, the interface for preparing statements.Execute addBatch() and execute() only after running clearBatch().Batch is not cl",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.PreparedStatement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0107.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"149"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.ResultSet, the interface for execution result sets.One Statement cannot have multiple open ResultSets.The cursor that is used for traversi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.ResultSet",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0108.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"150"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.ResultSetMetaData, which provides details about ResultSet object information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.ResultSetMetaData",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0109.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"151"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes java.sql.Statement, the interface for executing SQL statements.Using setFetchSize can reduce the memory occupied by result sets on the client. Resu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"java.sql.Statement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0110.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"152"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource, the interface for data source connection pools.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0111.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"153"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes javax.sql.DataSource, the interface for data sources.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"javax.sql.DataSource",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0112.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"154"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes javax.sql.PooledConnection, the connection interface created by a connection pool.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"javax.sql.PooledConnection",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0113.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"155"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes javax.naming.Context, the context interface for connection configuration.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"javax.naming.Context",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0114.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"156"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory, the initial context factory interface.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0115.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"157"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in GaussDB(DWS). It is used to import data to GaussDB(DWS) in batches.The CopyManager class is in the or",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CopyManager",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0116.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"144",
+		"code":"158"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ODBC-Based Development",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0117.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"129",
+		"code":"159"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Obtain the dws_8.1.x_odbc_driver_for_xxx_xxx.zip package from the release package. In the Linux OS, header files (including sql.h and sqlext.h) and library (libodbc.so) a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0118.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"159",
+		"code":"160"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The ODBC DRIVER (psqlodbcw.so) provided by GaussDB(DWS) can be used after it has been configured in the data source. To configure data sources, users must configure the o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0119.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"159",
+		"code":"161"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Configure the ODBC data source using the ODBC data source manager preinstalled in the Windows OS.Decompress GaussDB-8.1.1-Windows-Odbc.tar.gz and install psqlodbc.msi (fo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0120.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"159",
+		"code":"162"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ODBC Development Example",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0123.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"159",
+		"code":"163"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ODBC Interfaces",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0124.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"159",
+		"code":"164"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocEnv (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLAllocEnv",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0125.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"165"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocConnect (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLAllocConnect",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0126.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"166"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLAllocHandle allocates environment, connection, or statement handles. This function is a generic function for allocating handles that replaces the deprecated ODBC 2.x f",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLAllocHandle",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0127.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"167"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLAllocStmt was deprecated and replaced with SQLAllocHandle. For details, see SQLAllocHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLAllocStmt",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0128.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"168"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLBindCol is used to associate (bind) columns in a result set to an application data buffer.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLBindCol",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0129.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"169"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLBindParameter is used to associate (bind) parameter markers in an SQL statement to a buffer.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLBindParameter",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0130.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"170"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLColAttribute returns the descriptor information about a column in the result set.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some war",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLColAttribute",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0131.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"171"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLConnect establishes a connection between a driver and a data source. After the connection, the connection handle can be used to access all information about the data s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLConnect",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0132.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"172"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLDisconnect closes the connection associated with the database connection handle.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warn",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLDisconnect",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0133.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"173"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLExecDirect executes a prepared SQL statement specified in this parameter. This is the fastest execution method for executing only one SQL statement at a time.SQL_SUCCE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLExecDirect",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0134.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"174"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The SQLExecute function executes a prepared SQL statement using SQLPrepare. The statement is executed using the current value of any application variables that were bound",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLExecute",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0135.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"175"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLFetch advances the cursor to the next row of the result set and retrieves any bound columns.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLFetch",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0136.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"176"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeStmt (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLFreeStmt",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0137.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"177"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeConnect (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLFreeConnect",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0138.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"178"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLFreeHandle releases resources associated with a specific environment, connection, or statement handle. It replaces the ODBC 2.x functions: SQLFreeEnv, SQLFreeConnect, ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLFreeHandle",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0139.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"179"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In ODBC 3.x, SQLFreeEnv (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with SQLFreeHandle. For details, see SQLFreeHandle.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLFreeEnv",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0140.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"180"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLPrepare prepares an SQL statement to be executed.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLPrepare",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0141.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"181"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLGetData retrieves data for a single column in the current row of the result set. It can be called for many times to retrieve data of variable lengths.SQL_SUCCESS indic",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLGetData",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0142.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"182"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLGetDiagRec returns the current values of multiple fields of a diagnostic record that contains error, warning, and status information.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the cal",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLGetDiagRec",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0143.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"183"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLSetConnectAttr sets connection attributes.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQL_ERROR",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLSetConnectAttr",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0144.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"184"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLSetEnvAttr sets environment attributes.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.SQL_ERROR in",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLSetEnvAttr",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0145.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"185"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQLSetStmtAttr sets attributes related to a statement.SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQLSetStmtAttr",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0146.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"164",
+		"code":"186"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PostGIS Extension",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0301.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"187"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PostGIS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0302.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"187",
+		"code":"188"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using PostGIS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0304.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"187",
+		"code":"189"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In GaussDB(DWS), PostGIS Extension support the following data types:box2dbox3dgeometry_dumpgeometrygeographyrasterIf PostGIS is used by a user other than the creator of t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PostGIS Support and Constraints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0305.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"187",
+		"code":"190"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This document contains open source software notice for the product. And this document is confidential information of copyright holder. Recipient shall protect it in due c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0306.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"187",
+		"code":"191"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Resource Monitoring",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0393.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"192"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In the multi-tenant management framework, you can query the real-time or historical usage of all user resources (including memory, CPU cores, storage space, temporary spa",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"User Resource Query",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0394.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"193"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides a view for monitoring the memory usage of the entire cluster.Query the pgxc_total_memory_detail view as a user with sysadmin permissions.SELECT * FR",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Monitoring Memory Resources",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0395.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"194"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides system catalogs for monitoring the resource usage of CNs and DNs (including memory, CPU usage, disk I/O, process physical I/O, and process logical I",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Instance Resource Monitoring",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0396.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"195"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can query real-time Top SQL in real-time resource monitoring views at different levels. The real-time resource monitoring view records the resource usage (including m",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Real-time TopSQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0397.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"196"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can query historical Top SQL in historical resource monitoring views. The historical resource monitoring view records the resource usage (of memory, disk, CPU time, a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Historical TopSQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0398.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"197"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In this section, TPC-DS sample data is used as an example to describe how to query Real-time TopSQL and Historical TopSQL.To query for historical or archived resource mon",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"TopSQL Query Example",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0399.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"192",
+		"code":"198"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query Performance Optimization",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0400.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"199"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The aim of SQL optimization is to maximize the utilization of resources, including CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network I/O. To maximize resource utilization is to run SQL ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview of Query Performance Optimization",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0402.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"200"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query Analysis",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0403.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"201"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The process from receiving SQL statements to the statement execution by the SQL engine is shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The texts in red are steps where database adminis",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query Execution Process",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0409.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"201",
+		"code":"202"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The SQL execution plan is a node tree, which displays detailed procedure when GaussDB(DWS) runs an SQL statement. A database operator indicates one step.You can run the E",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview of the SQL Execution Plan",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0410.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"201",
+		"code":"203"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"As described in Overview of the SQL Execution Plan, EXPLAIN displays the execution plan, but will not actually run SQL statements. EXPLAIN ANALYZE and EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0411.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"201",
+		"code":"204"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to query SQL statements whose execution takes a long time, leading to poor system performance.After the query, query statements are returned as",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0412.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"201",
+		"code":"205"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During database running, query statements are blocked in some service scenarios and run for an excessively long time. In this case, you can forcibly terminate the faulty ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Checking Blocked Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0413.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"201",
+		"code":"206"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query Improvement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0430.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"207"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can analyze slow SQL statements to optimize them.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimization Process",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0435.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"208"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In a database, statistics indicate the source data of a plan generated by a planner. If no collection statistics are available or out of date, the execution plan may seri",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Updating Statistics",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0436.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"209"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0437.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"210"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In a distributed framework, data is distributed on DNs. Data on one or more DNs is stored on a physical storage device. To properly define a table, you must:Evenly distri",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0438.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"211"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During database design, some key factors about table design will greatly affect the subsequent query performance of the database. Table design affects data storage as wel",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Selecting a Storage Model",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0439.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"212"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In replication mode, full data in a table is copied to each DN in the cluster. This mode is used for tables containing a small volume of data. Full data in a table stored",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Selecting a Distribution Mode",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0440.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"213"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The distribution column in a hash table must meet the following requirements, which are ranked by priority in descending order:The value of the distribution column should",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Selecting a Distribution Column",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0441.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"214"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Partial Cluster Key is the column-based technology. It can minimize or maximize sparse indexes to quickly filter base tables. Partial cluster key can specify multiple col",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using Partial Clustering",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0442.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"215"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific schemes. The table based on the logic is called a partit",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Using Partitioned Tables",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0443.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"216"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Use the following principles to obtain efficient data types:Using the data type that can be efficiently executedGenerally, calculation of integers (including common compa",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Selecting a Data Type",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0444.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"210",
+		"code":"217"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Typical SQL Optimization Methods",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0445.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"218"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Performance issues may occur when you query data or run the INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, or CREATE TABLE AS statement. You can query the warning column in the GS_WLM_SESSION_S",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQL Self-Diagnosis",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0446.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"219"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Currently, the GaussDB(DWS) optimizer can use three methods to develop statement execution policies in the distributed framework: generating a statement pushdown plan, a ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizing Statement Pushdown",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0447.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"220"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When an application runs a SQL statement to operate the database, a large number of subqueries are used because they are more clear than table join. Especially in complic",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizing Subqueries",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0448.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"221"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) generates optimal execution plans based on the cost estimation. Optimizers need to estimate the number of data rows and the cost based on statistics collecte",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizing Statistics",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0449.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"222"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A query statement needs to go through multiple operator procedures to generate the final result. Sometimes, the overall query performance deteriorates due to long executi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizing Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0450.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"223"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data skew breaks the balance among nodes in the distributed MPP architecture. If the amount of data stored or processed by a node is much greater than that by other nodes",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizing Data Skew",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0451.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"218",
+		"code":"224"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Based on the database SQL execution mechanism and a large number of practices, summarize finds that: using rules of a certain SQL statement, on the basis of the so that t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0452.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"225"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the key CN parameters that affect GaussDB(DWS) SQL tuning performance. For details about how to configure these parameters, see Configuring GUC Par",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0453.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"226"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Hint-based Tuning",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0454.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"227"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In plan hints, you can specify a join order, join, stream, and scan operations, the number of rows in a result, and redistribution skew information to tune an execution p",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Plan Hint Optimization",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0455.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"228"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Theses hints specify the join order and outer/inner tables.Specify only the join order.Specify the join order and outer/inner tables. The outer/inner tables are specified",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Join Order Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0456.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"229"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Specifies the join method. It can be nested loop join, hash join, or merge join.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table_list specifies the ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Join Operation Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0457.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"230"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"These hints specify the number of rows in an intermediate result set. Both absolute values and relative values are supported.#,+,-, and * are operators used for hinting t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Rows Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0458.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"231"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"These hints specify a stream operation, which can be broadcast or redistribute.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table_list specifies the t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stream Operation Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0459.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"232"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"These hints specify a scan operation, which can be tablescan, indexscan, or indexonlyscan.no indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.table specifies",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Scan Operation Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0460.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"233"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"These hints specify the name of a sublink block.table indicates the name you have specified for a sublink block.This hint is used by an outer query only when a sublink is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Sublink Name Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0461.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"234"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Theses hints specify redistribution keys containing skew data and skew values, and are used to optimize redistribution involving Join or HashAgg.Specify single-table skew",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Skew Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0462.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"235"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A hint, or a GUC hint, specifies a configuration parameter value when a plan is generated. Currently, only the following parameters are supported:agg_redistribute_enhance",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuration Parameter Hints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0463.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"236"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Plan hints change an execution plan. You can run EXPLAIN to view the changes.Hints containing errors are invalid and do not affect statement execution. The errors will be",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0464.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"237"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section takes the statements in TPC-DS (Q24) as an example to describe how to optimize an execution plan by using hints in 1000X+24DN environments. For example:The o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Plan Hint Cases",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0465.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"227",
+		"code":"238"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To ensure proper database running, after INSERT and DELETE operations, you need to routinely do VACUUM FULL and ANALYZE as appropriate for customer scenarios and update s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Routinely Maintaining Tables",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0466.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"239"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When data deletion is repeatedly performed in the database, index keys will be deleted from the index page, resulting in index distention. Recreating an index routinely i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Routinely Recreating an Index",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0467.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"240"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuring the SMP",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0468.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"207",
+		"code":"241"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The SMP feature improves the performance through operator parallelism and occupies more system resources, including CPU, memory, network, and I/O. Actually, SMP is a meth",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Application Scenarios and Restrictions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0469.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"241",
+		"code":"242"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The SMP architecture uses abundant resources to obtain time. After the plan parallelism is executed, the resource consumption is added, including the CPU, memory, I/O, an",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Resource Impact on SMP Performance",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0470.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"241",
+		"code":"243"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Besides resource factors, there are other factors that impact the SMP parallelism performance, such as unevenly data distributed in a partitioned table and system paralle",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0471.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"241",
+		"code":"244"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Starting from this version, SMP auto adaptation is enabled. For newly deployed clusters, the default value of query_dop is 0, and SMP parameters have been adjusted. To en",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0472.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"241",
+		"code":"245"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To manually optimize SMP, you need to be familiar with Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings. This section describes how to optimize SMP.The CPU, memory, I/O, and networ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0473.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"241",
+		"code":"246"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimization Cases",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0474.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"247"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Tables are defined as follows:The following query is executed:If a is the distribution column of t1 and t2:Then Streaming exists in the execution plan and the data volume",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0475.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"248"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Query the information about all personnel in the sales department.The original execution plan is as follows before creating the places.place_id and states.state_id indexe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Creating an Appropriate Index",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0476.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"249"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the execution plan.As shown in Figure 1, the sequential scan phase is time consuming.The JOIN performance is poor because a large number of null values exi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0477.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"250"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In an execution plan, more than 95% of the execution time is spent on window agg performed on the CN. In this case, sum is performed for the two columns separately, and t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0478.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"251"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If bit0 of cost_param is set to 1, an improved mechanism is used for estimating the selection rate of non-equi-joins. This method is more accurate for estimating the sele",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0479.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"252"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During a site test, the information is displayed after EXPLAIN ANALYZE is executed:According to the execution information, HashJoin becomes the performance bottleneck of ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0480.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"253"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Information on the EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE at a site is as follows: As shown in the red boxes, two performance bottlenecks are scan operations in a table.After further analys",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0481.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"254"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In the GaussDB(DWS) database, row-store tables use the row execution engine, and column-store tables use the column execution engine. If both row-store table and column-s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0482.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"255"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During the test at a site, if the following execution plan is performed, the customer expects that the performance can be improved and the result can be returned within 3",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0483.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"256"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In the following simple SQL statements, the performance bottlenecks exist in the scan operation of dwcjk.Obviously, there are date features in the cjrq field of table dat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0484.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"257"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The t1 table is defined as follows:Assume that the distribution column of the result set provided by the agg lower-layer operator is setA, and the group by column of the ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0485.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"258"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This SQL performance is poor. SubPlan exists in the execution plan as follows:The core of this optimization is to eliminate subqueries. Based on the service scenario anal",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0486.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"259"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"On a site, the customer gave the feedback saying that the execution time of the following SQL statements lasted over one day and did not end:The corresponding execution p",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0487.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"260"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In a test at a site, ddw_f10_op_cust_asset_mon is a partitioned table and the partition key is year_mth whose value is a combined string of month and year values.The foll",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0488.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"261"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"in-clause/any-clause is a common SQL statement constraint. Sometimes, the clause following in or any is a constant. For example:orSome special usages are as follows:Where",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0489.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"262"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can add PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY(column_name[,...]) to the definition of a column-store table to set one or more columns of this table as partial cluster keys. In this way",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0490.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"247",
+		"code":"263"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQL Execution Troubleshooting",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0491.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"264"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A query task that used to take a few milliseconds to complete is now requiring several seconds, and that used to take several seconds is now requiring even half an hour. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Low Query Efficiency",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0492.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"264",
+		"code":"265"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP TABLE fails to be executed in the following scenarios:A user runs the \\dt+ command using gsql and finds that the table_name table does not exist. When the user runs ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0494.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"264",
+		"code":"266"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Two users log in to the same database human_resource and run the select count(*) from areas statement separately to query the areas table, but obtain different results.Ch",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0495.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"264",
+		"code":"267"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following error is reported during the integer conversion:Some data types cannot be converted to the target data type.Gradually narrow down the range of SQL statement",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0496.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"264",
+		"code":"268"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"With automatic retry (referred to as CN retry), GaussDB(DWS) retries an SQL statement when the execution of this statement fails. If an SQL statement sent from the gsql c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0497.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"264",
+		"code":"269"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To improve the cluster performance, you can use multiple methods to optimize the database, including hardware configuration, software driver upgrade, and internal paramet",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0970.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"199",
+		"code":"270"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"User-Defined Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0507.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"271"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"With the GaussDB(DWS) PL/Java functions, you can choose your favorite Java IDE to write Java methods and install the JAR files containing these methods into the GaussDB(D",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PL/Java Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0509.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"271",
+		"code":"272"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PL/pgSQL is similar to PL/SQL of Oracle. It is a loadable procedural language.The functions created using PL/pgSQL can be used in any place where you can use built-in fun",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PL/pgSQL Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0511.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"271",
+		"code":"273"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stored Procedures",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0512.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"274"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In GaussDB(DWS), business rules and logics are saved as stored procedures.A stored procedure is a combination of SQL, PL/SQL, and Java statements, enabling business rule ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stored Procedure",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0513.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"275"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A data type refers to a value set and an operation set defined on the value set. A GaussDB(DWS) database consists of tables, each of which is defined by its own columns. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Types",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0514.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"276"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Certain data types in the database support implicit data type conversions, such as assignments and parameters invoked by functions. For other data types, you can use the ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Type Conversion",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0515.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"277"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Arrays and Records",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0516.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"278"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Before the use of arrays, an array type needs to be defined:Define an array type immediately after the AS keyword in a stored procedure. Run the following statement:TYPE ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Arrays",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0517.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"278",
+		"code":"279"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Perform the following operations to create a record variable:Define a record type and use this type to declare a variable.For the syntax of the record type, see Figure 1.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"record",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0518.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"278",
+		"code":"280"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0519.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"281"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A PL/SQL block can contain a sub-block which can be placed in any section. The following describes the architecture of a PL/SQL block:DECLARE: declares variables, types, ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Basic Structure",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0520.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"281",
+		"code":"282"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"An anonymous block applies to a script infrequently executed or a one-off activity. An anonymous block is executed in a session and is not stored.Figure 1 shows the synta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Anonymous Block",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0521.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"281",
+		"code":"283"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A subprogram stores stored procedures, functions, operators, and advanced packages. A subprogram created in a database can be called by other programs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Subprogram",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0522.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"281",
+		"code":"284"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Basic Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0523.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"285"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the declaration of variables in the PL/SQL and the scope of this variable in codes.For details about the variable declaration syntax, see Figure 1.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Variable Definition Statement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0524.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"285",
+		"code":"286"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for assigning a value to a variable.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:variable_name indicates the name of a variable.valu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Assignment Statement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0525.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"285",
+		"code":"287"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for calling a clause.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:procedure_name specifies the name of a stored procedure.parameter ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Call Statement",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0526.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"285",
+		"code":"288"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Dynamic Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0527.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"289"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can perform dynamic queries using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or OPEN FOR in GaussDB(DWS). EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamically executes SELECT statements and OPEN FOR combines use of",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Executing Dynamic Query Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0528.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"289",
+		"code":"290"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram.Figure 2 shows the syntax diagram for using_clause.The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:USING IN bind_argument is used to sp",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0529.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"289",
+		"code":"291"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to dynamically call store procedures. You must use anonymous statement blocks to package stored procedures or statement blocks and append IN an",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0530.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"289",
+		"code":"292"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes how to execute anonymous blocks in dynamic statements. Append IN and OUT behind the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE...USING statement to input and output paramet",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0531.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"289",
+		"code":"293"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Control Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0532.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"294"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"RETURN Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0533.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"295"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram for a return statement.The syntax details are as follows:This statement returns control from a stored procedure or function to a caller.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"RETURN",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0534.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"295",
+		"code":"296"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When creating a function, specify SETOF datatype for the return values.return_next_clause::=return_query_clause::=The syntax details are as follows:If a function needs to",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0535.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"295",
+		"code":"297"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Conditional statements are used to decide whether given conditions are met. Operations are executed based on the decisions made.GaussDB(DWS) supports five usages of IF:IF",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Conditional Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0536.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"298"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The syntax diagram is as follows.Example:The loop must be exploited together with EXIT; otherwise, a dead loop occurs.The syntax diagram is as follows.If the conditional ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Loop Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0537.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"299"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Figure 1 shows the syntax diagram.Figure 2 shows the syntax diagram for when_clause.Parameter description:case_expression: specifies the variable or expression.when_expre",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Branch Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0538.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"300"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In PL/SQL programs, NULL statements are used to indicate \"nothing should be done\", equal to placeholders. They grant meanings to some statements and improve program reada",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"NULL Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0539.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"301"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"By default, any error occurring in a PL/SQL function aborts execution of the function, and indeed of the surrounding transaction as well. You can trap errors and restore ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Error Trapping Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0540.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"302"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The GOTO statement unconditionally transfers the control from the current statement to a labeled statement. The GOTO statement changes the execution logic. Therefore, use",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GOTO Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0541.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"294",
+		"code":"303"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Statements",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0542.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"304"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides multiple lock modes to control concurrent accesses to table data. These modes are used when Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) cannot give exp",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Lock Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0543.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"304",
+		"code":"305"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides cursors as a data buffer for users to store execution results of SQL statements. Each cursor region has a name. Users can use SQL statements to obta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Cursor Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0544.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"304",
+		"code":"306"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Cursors",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0545.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"307"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store context association. Cursors are handles or pointers to context areas. With curs",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0546.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"307",
+		"code":"308"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"An explicit cursor is used to process query statements, particularly when the query results contain multiple records.An explicit cursor performs the following six PL/SQL ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Explicit Cursor",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0547.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"307",
+		"code":"309"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The system automatically sets implicit cursors for non-query statements, such as ALTER and DROP, and creates work areas for these statements. These implicit cursors are n",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Implicit Cursor",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0548.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"307",
+		"code":"310"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The use of cursors in WHILE and LOOP statements is called a cursor loop. Generally, OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements are needed in cursor loop. The following describes a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Cursor Loop",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0549.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"307",
+		"code":"311"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Advanced Packages",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0550.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"312"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_LOB package.DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTHSpecifies the length of a LOB type object obtained and returned by the stored procedur",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBMS_LOB",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0551.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"313"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_RANDOM package.DBMS_RANDOM.SEEDThe stored procedure SEED is used to set a seed for a random number. The DBMS_RANDOM.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBMS_RANDOM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0552.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"314"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the DBMS_OUTPUT package.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINEThe PUT_LINE procedure writes a row of text carrying a line end symbol in the buf",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBMS_OUTPUT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0553.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"315"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 provides all interfaces supported by the UTL_RAW package.The external representation of the RAW type data is hexadecimal and its internal storage form is binary. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UTL_RAW",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0554.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"316"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists all interfaces supported by the DBMS_JOB package.DBMS_JOB.SUBMITThe stored procedure SUBMIT submits a job provided by the system.A prototype of the DBMS_JOB",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBMS_JOB",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0555.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"317"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists interfaces supported by the DBMS_SQL package.You are advised to use dbms_sql.define_column and dbms_sql.column_value to define columns.If the size of the re",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBMS_SQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0556.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"312",
+		"code":"318"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"RAISE has the following five syntax formats:Parameter description:The level option is used to specify the error level, that is, DEBUG, LOG, INFO, NOTICE, WARNING, or EXCE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Debugging",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0558.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"274",
+		"code":"319"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Catalogs and System Views",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0559.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"320"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"System catalogs are used by GaussDB(DWS) to store structure metadata. They are a core component the GaussDB(DWS) database system and provide control information for the d",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview of System Catalogs and System Views",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0560.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"320",
+		"code":"321"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Catalogs",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0561.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"320",
+		"code":"322"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_OBSSCANINFO defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_OBSSCANINFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0562.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"323"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY system catalog stores information about resource usage related to CN or DN instances. Each record in the system table indicates the resource u",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0564.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"324"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO records operators of completed jobs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog.This system catalog's schema is dbms_om.This system catal",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0565.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"325"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO records load management information about a completed job executed on all CNs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog.This system cata",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0566.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"326"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY system table stores information about resources used by users and is valid only on CNs. Each record in the system table indicates the res",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0567.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"327"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"pg_aggregate records information about aggregation functions. Each entry in pg_aggregate is an extension of an entry in pg_proc. The pg_proc entry carries the aggregate's",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AGGREGATE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0568.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"328"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AM records information about index access methods. There is one row for each index access method supported by the system.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0569.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"329"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AMOP records information about operators associated with access method operator families. There is one row for each operator that is a member of an operator family. A ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AMOP",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0570.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"330"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AMPROC records information about the support procedures associated with the access method operator families. There is one row for each support procedure belonging to a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AMPROC",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0571.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"331"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_ATTRDEF stores default values of columns.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_ATTRDEF",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0572.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"332"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_ATTRIBUTE records information about table columns.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_ATTRIBUTE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0573.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"333"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AUTHID records information about the database authentication identifiers (roles). The concept of users is contained in that of roles. A user is actually a role whose r",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AUTHID",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0574.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"334"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AUTH_HISTORY records the authentication history of the role. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AUTH_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0575.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"335"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AUTH_MEMBERS records the membership relations between roles.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AUTH_MEMBERS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0576.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"336"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CAST records conversion relationships between data types.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CAST",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0577.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"337"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CLASS records database objects and their relations.View the OID and relfilenode of a table.Count row-store tables.Count column-store tables.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CLASS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0578.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"338"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COLLATION records the available collations, which are essentially mappings from an SQL name to operating system locale categories.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COLLATION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0579.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"339"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CONSTRAINT records check, primary key, unique, and foreign key constraints on the tables.consrc is not updated when referenced objects change; for example, it will not",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CONSTRAINT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0580.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"340"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CONVERSION records encoding conversion information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CONVERSION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0581.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"341"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_DATABASE records information about the available databases.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0582.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"342"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING records the default values of configuration items bonded to each role and database when the database is running.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0583.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"343"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_DEFAULT_ACL records the initial privileges assigned to the newly created objects.Run the following command to view the initial permissions of the new user role1:You ca",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_DEFAULT_ACL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0584.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"344"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_DEPEND records the dependency relationships between database objects. This information allows DROP commands to find which other objects must be dropped by DROP CASCADE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_DEPEND",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0585.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"345"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_DESCRIPTION records optional descriptions (comments) for each database object. Descriptions of many built-in system objects are provided in the initial contents of PG_",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_DESCRIPTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0586.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"346"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_ENUM records entries showing the values and labels for each enum type. The internal representation of a given enum value is actually the OID of its associated row in p",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_ENUM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0588.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"347"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_EXTENSION records information about the installed extensions. By default, GaussDB(DWS) has 12 extensions, that is, PLPGSQL, DIST_FDW, FILE_FDW, HDFS_FDW, HSTORE, PLDBG",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_EXTENSION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0589.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"348"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE records information about external data source. An external data source contains information about an external database, such as its password enc",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0590.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"349"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER records foreign-data wrapper definitions. A foreign-data wrapper is the mechanism by which external data, residing on foreign servers, is accessed",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0591.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"350"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_FOREIGN_SERVER records the foreign server definitions. A foreign server describes a source of external data, such as a remote server. Foreign servers are accessed via ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_SERVER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0592.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"351"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_FOREIGN_TABLE records auxiliary information about foreign tables.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_FOREIGN_TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0593.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"352"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_INDEX records part of the information about indexes. The rest is mostly in PG_CLASS.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_INDEX",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0594.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"353"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_INHERITS records information about table inheritance hierarchies. There is one entry for each direct child table in the database. Indirect inheritance can be determine",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_INHERITS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0595.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"354"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_JOBS records detailed information about jobs created by users. Dedicated threads poll the pg_jobs table and trigger jobs based on scheduled job execution time. This ta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_JOBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0596.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"355"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_LANGUAGE records programming languages. You can use them and interfaces to write functions or stored procedures.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_LANGUAGE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0597.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"356"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_LARGEOBJECT records the data making up large objects A large object is identified by an OID assigned when it is created. Each large object is broken into segments or \"",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_LARGEOBJECT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0598.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"357"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA records metadata associated with large objects. The actual large object data is stored in PG_LARGEOBJECT.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0599.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"358"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_NAMESPACE records the namespaces, that is, schema-related information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_NAMESPACE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0600.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"359"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OBJECT records the user creation, creation time, last modification time, and last analyzing time of objects of specified types (types existing in object_type).Only nor",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OBJECT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0601.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"360"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OBSSCANINFO defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OBSSCANINFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0602.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"361"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OPCLASS defines index access method operator classes.Each operator class defines semantics for index columns of a particular data type and a particular index access me",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OPCLASS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0603.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"362"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OPERATOR records information about operators.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OPERATOR",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0604.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"363"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OPFAMILY defines operator families.Each operator family is a collection of operators and associated support routines that implement the semantics specified for a parti",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OPFAMILY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0605.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"364"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_PARTITION records all partitioned tables, table partitions, toast tables on table partitions, and index partitions in the database. Partitioned index information is no",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_PARTITION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0606.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"365"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_PLTEMPLATE records template information for procedural languages.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_PLTEMPLATE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0607.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"366"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_PROC records information about functions or procedures.Query the OID of a specified function. For example, obtain the OID 1295 of the justify_days function.Query wheth",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_PROC",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0608.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"367"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_RANGE records information about range types.This is in addition to the types' entries in PG_TYPE.rngsubopc (plus rngcollation, if the element type is collatable) deter",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_RANGE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0609.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"368"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_REDACTION_COLUMN records the information about the redacted columns.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_REDACTION_COLUMN",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0610.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"369"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_REDACTION_POLICY records information about the object to be redacted.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_REDACTION_POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0611.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"370"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_RLSPOLICY displays the information about row-level access control policies.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_RLSPOLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0612.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"371"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_RESOURCE_POOL records the information about database resource pool.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_RESOURCE_POOL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0613.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"372"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_REWRITE records rewrite rules defined for tables and views.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_REWRITE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0614.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"373"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SECLABEL records security labels on database objects.See also PG_SHSECLABEL, which performs a similar function for security labels of database objects that are shared ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SECLABEL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0615.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"374"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SHDEPEND records the dependency relationships between database objects and shared objects, such as roles. This information allows GaussDB(DWS) to ensure that those obj",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SHDEPEND",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0616.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"375"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SHDESCRIPTION records optional comments for shared database objects. Descriptions can be manipulated with the COMMENT command and viewed with psql's \\d commands.See al",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SHDESCRIPTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0617.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"376"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SHSECLABEL records security labels on shared database objects. Security labels can be manipulated with the SECURITY LABEL command.For an easier way to view security la",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SHSECLABEL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0618.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"377"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATISTIC records statistics about tables and index columns in a database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATISTIC",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0619.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"378"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATISTIC_EXT records the extended statistics of tables in a database, such as statistics of multiple columns. Statistics of expressions will be supported later. You c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATISTIC_EXT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0620.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"379"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SYNONYM records the mapping between synonym object names and other database object names.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SYNONYM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0621.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"380"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TABLESPACE records tablespace information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TABLESPACE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0622.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"381"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TRIGGER records the trigger information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TRIGGER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0623.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"382"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TS_CONFIG records entries representing text search configurations. A configuration specifies a particular text search parser and a list of dictionaries to use for each",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TS_CONFIG",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0624.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"383"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP records entries showing which text search dictionaries should be consulted, and in what order, for each output token type of each text search configurati",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0625.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"384"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TS_DICT records entries that define text search dictionaries. A dictionary depends on a text search template, which specifies all the implementation functions needed. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TS_DICT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0626.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"385"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TS_PARSER records entries defining text search parsers. A parser splits input text into lexemes and assigns a token type to each lexeme. Since a parser must be impleme",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TS_PARSER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0627.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"386"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TS_TEMPLATE records entries defining text search templates. A template provides a framework for text search dictionaries. Since a template must be implemented by C fun",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TS_TEMPLATE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0628.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"387"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TYPE records the information about data types.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TYPE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0629.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"388"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_USER_MAPPING records the mappings from local users to remote.It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. You can use view PG_USER_MAPPINGS to quer",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_USER_MAPPING",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0630.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"389"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_USER_STATUS records the states of users that access to the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_USER_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0631.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"390"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION records information about query_band.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0632.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"391"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_CLASS records the replicated or distributed information for each table.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_CLASS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0633.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"392"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_GROUP records information about node groups.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_GROUP",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0634.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"393"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_NODE records information about cluster nodes.Query the CN and DN information of the cluster:",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0635.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"322",
+		"code":"394"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Views",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0639.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"320",
+		"code":"395"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_ALL_TABLES displays the tables or views accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0640.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"396"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_CONSTRAINTS displays information about constraints accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0641.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"397"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_CONS_COLUMNS displays information about constraint columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0642.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"398"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_COL_COMMENTS displays the comment information about table columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0643.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"399"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_DEPENDENCIES displays dependencies between functions and advanced packages accessible to the current user.Currently in GaussDB(DWS), this table is empty without any r",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_DEPENDENCIES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0644.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"400"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_IND_COLUMNS displays all index columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0645.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"401"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS displays information about the expression indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0646.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"402"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_INDEXES displays information about indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0647.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"403"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_OBJECTS displays all database objects accessible to the current user.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_time and last_ddl_time, see PG_OBJECT.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_OBJECTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0648.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"404"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_PROCEDURES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0649.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"405"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_SEQUENCES displays all sequences accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0650.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"406"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_SOURCE displays information about stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures and functio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_SOURCE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0651.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"407"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_SYNONYMS displays all synonyms accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_SYNONYMS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0652.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"408"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_TAB_COLUMNS displays description information about columns of the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0653.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"409"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0654.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"410"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_TABLES displays all the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0655.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"411"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_USERS displays all users of the database visible to the current user, however, it does not describe the users.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_USERS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0656.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"412"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALL_VIEWS displays the description about all views accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALL_VIEWS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0657.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"413"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_DATA_FILES displays the description of database files. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_DATA_FILES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0658.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"414"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_USERS displays all user names in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_USERS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0659.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"415"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_COL_COMMENTS displays information about table colum comments in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0660.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"416"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_CONSTRAINTS displays information about table constraints in database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0661.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"417"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_CONS_COLUMNS displays information about constraint columns in database tables. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0662.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"418"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_IND_COLUMNS displays column information about all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0663.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"419"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS displays the information about expression indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0664.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"420"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_IND_PARTITIONS displays information about all index partitions in the database. Each index partition of a partitioned table in the database, if present, has a row of ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_IND_PARTITIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0665.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"421"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_INDEXES displays all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0666.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"422"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_OBJECTS displays all database objects in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_OBJECTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0667.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"423"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_PART_INDEXES displays information about all partitioned table indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_PART_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0668.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"424"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_PART_TABLES displays information about all partitioned tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_PART_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0669.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"425"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_PROCEDURES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0670.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"426"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_SEQUENCES displays information about all sequences in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0671.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"427"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_SOURCE displays all stored procedures or functions in the database, and it provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or functions. It is accessible only t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_SOURCE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0672.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"428"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_SYNONYMS displays all synonyms in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_SYNONYMS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0673.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"429"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TAB_COLUMNS displays the columns of tables. Each column of a table in the database has a row in DBA_TAB_COLUMNS. It is accessible only to users with system administra",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0674.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"430"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0675.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"431"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS displays information about all partitions in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0676.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"432"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TABLES displays all tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0677.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"433"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TABLESPACES displays information about available tablespaces. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TABLESPACES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0678.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"434"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_TRIGGERS displays information about triggers in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_TRIGGERS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0679.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"435"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DBA_VIEWS displays views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DBA_VIEWS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0680.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"436"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DUAL is automatically created by the database based on the data dictionary. It has only one text column in only one row for storing expression calculation results. It is ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DUAL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0681.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"437"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_REDO_STAT displays the total statistics of XLOG redo operations on all nodes in a cluster. Except the avgiotim column (indicating the average redo write time of al",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_REDO_STAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0682.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"438"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT displays the total disk I/O statistics of all nodes in a cluster. The name of each column in this view is the same as that in the GS_REL_IOSTAT view, bu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0683.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"439"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE displays the status and statistics of databases on all nodes in a cluster.When you query the GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE view on a CN, the respective values",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0684.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"440"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, INSER",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0685.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"441"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, average, ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0686.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"442"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides the total transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs in the cluster. This view is accessible only to users with system",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0687.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"443"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO displays all Cgroup information in a database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0688.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"444"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO displays a DN resource summary.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0689.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"445"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The database parses each received SQL text string and generates an internal parsing tree. The database traverses the parsing tree and ignores constant values in the parsi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0690.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"446"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_REL_IOSTAT displays disk I/O statistics on the current node. In the current version, only one page is read or written in each read or write operation. Therefore, the n",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0691.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"447"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME view provides the reset time of statistics on the current node and returns the timestamp with the time zone. For details, see the get_node_sta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0692.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"448"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS displays load management information about CPU usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0693.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"449"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS displays load management information about memory usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0694.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"450"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_SQL_COUNT displays statistics about the five types of statements (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE INTO) executed on the current node of the database, includi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_SQL_COUNT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0695.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"451"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WAIT_EVENTS displays statistics about waiting status and events on the current node.The values of statistical columns in this view are accumulated only when the enable",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WAIT_EVENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0696.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"452"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This view displays the execution information about operators in the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system cata",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0701.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"453"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This view displays the records of operators in jobs that have been executed by the current user on the current CN.This view is used by Database Manager to query data from",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0702.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"454"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS displays the operators of the jobs that are being executed by the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0703.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"455"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This view displays the execution information about the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system catalog dbms_om. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0704.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"456"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY displays load management information about a completed job executed by the current user on the current CN. This view is used by Database Manager to",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0705.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"457"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS displays load management information about jobs being executed by the current user on the current CN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0706.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"458"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW displays the configured resource management SQL whitelist, including the default SQL whitelist and the SQL whitelist configured using the GUC parameter w",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0708.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"459"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0709.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"460"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the maximum, minimum, average, a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0710.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"461"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about workload cgroups on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each workload Cgroup commits",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0711.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"462"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_STAT_DB_CU displsys CU hits in a database and in each node in a cluster. You can clear it using gs_stat_reset().",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_STAT_DB_CU",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0712.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"463"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_STAT_SESSION_CU displays the CU hit rate of running sessions on each node in a cluster. This data about a session is cleared when you exit this session or restart the ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_STAT_SESSION_CU",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0713.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"464"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about memory usage of the logical cluster that the current database belongs to in the unit of MB.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0714.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"465"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_USER_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about users on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each user commits and rolls back transactio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_USER_TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0715.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"466"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0716.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"467"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user. If the base table on which the view depends exists and the d",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0948.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"468"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GS_VIEW_INVALID queries all unavailable views visible to the current user. If the base table, function, or synonym that the view depends on is abnormal, the validtype col",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GS_VIEW_INVALID",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0717.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"469"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"MPP_TABLES displays information about tables in PGXC_CLASS.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"MPP_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0998.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"470"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS displays the extension versions of certain database features.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0718.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"471"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS displays the extended information about certain database features.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0719.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"472"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"On any normal node in a cluster, PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS displays the execution status of the import and export services. Each import or export service corresponds to a re",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0720.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"473"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO stores the client connection information of a single node. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the C",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0721.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"474"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_DELAY displays the communication library delay status for a single DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_DELAY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0722.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"475"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library status for a single DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0723.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"476"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM displays the receiving stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0724.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"477"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM displays the sending stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0725.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"478"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG displays the Cgroup configuration information in the system.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0726.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"479"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_CURSORS displays the cursors that are currently available.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_CURSORS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0727.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"480"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_EXT_STATS displays extension statistics stored in the PG_STATISTIC_EXT table. The extension statistics means multiple columns of statistics.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_EXT_STATS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0728.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"481"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS displays the information about backend threads on the CN that are connected to the current standby DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0729.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"482"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME displays the catchup information of the currently active primary/standby instance sending thread on a single DN.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0730.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"483"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_GROUP displays the database role authentication and the relationship between roles.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_GROUP",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0731.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"484"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_INDEXES displays access to useful information about each index in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0732.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"485"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The PG_JOB view replaces the PG_JOB system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original PG_JOB system catalog is cha",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_JOB",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0733.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"486"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The PG_JOB_PROC view replaces the PG_JOB_PROC system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original PG_JOB_PROC and PG",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_JOB_PROC",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0734.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"487"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_JOB_SINGLE displays job information about the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_JOB_SINGLE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0735.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"488"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE displays the distribution of cold and hot data in a multi-temperature table of OBS.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0736.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"489"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_LOCKS displays information about the locks held by open transactions.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_LOCKS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0737.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"490"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_NODE_ENVO displays the environmental variable information about the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_NODE_ENV",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0738.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"491"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_OS_THREADS displays the status information about all the threads under the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_OS_THREADS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0739.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"492"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_POOLER_STATUS displays the cache connection status in the pooler. PG_POOLER_STATUS can only query on the CN, and displays the connection cache information about the po",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_POOLER_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0740.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"493"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS displays all prepared statements that are available in the current session.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0741.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"494"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_PREPARED_XACTS displays information about transactions that are currently prepared for two-phase commit.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_PREPARED_XACTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0742.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"495"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION displays information about the object associated with query_band and the query_band query order.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0743.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"496"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS displays the replication node information.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0744.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"497"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_ROLES displays information about database roles.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_ROLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0745.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"498"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_RULES displays information about rewrite rules.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_RULES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0746.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"499"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_RUNNING_XACTS displays the running transaction information on the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_RUNNING_XACTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0747.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"500"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SECLABELS displays information about security labels.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SECLABELS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0748.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"501"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT displays the corresponding load management information about the task currently executed by the user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0749.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"502"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SESSION_IOSTAT displays the I/O load management information about the task currently executed by the user.IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands f",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SESSION_IOSTAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0750.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"503"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SETTINGS displays information about parameters of the running database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SETTINGS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0751.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"504"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SHADOW displays properties of all roles that are marked as rolcanlogin in PG_AUTHID.The name stems from the fact that this table should not be readable by the public s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SHADOW",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0752.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"505"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL displays usage information about all the shared memory contexts.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0753.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"506"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATS displays the single-column statistics stored in the pg_statistic table.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0754.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"507"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_ACTIVITY displays information about the current user's queries.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ACTIVITY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0755.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"508"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES displays access informaton about all indexes in the database, with information about each index displayed in a row.Indexes can be used via either simp",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0757.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"509"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES displays access information about all rows in all tables (including TOAST tables) in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0758.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"510"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after a node is started.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0759.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"511"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_BGWRITER displays statistics about the background writer process's activity.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_BGWRITER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0760.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"512"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_DATABASE displays the status and statistics of each database on the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0761.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"513"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS displays statistics about database conflicts.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0762.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"514"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED displays the current activity information of a thread stored in memory. You need to specify the thread ID (pid in PG_STAT_ACTIVITY) for qu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0763.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"515"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS displays user-defined function status information in the namespace. (The language of the function is non-internal language.)",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0764.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"516"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES displays information about the index status of user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0765.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"517"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_USER_TABLES displays status information about user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables in all namespaces.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_USER_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0766.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"518"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_REPLICATION displays information about log synchronization status, such as the locations of the sender sending logs and the receiver receiving logs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_REPLICATION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0767.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"519"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES displays the index status information about all the system catalogs in the pg_catalog and information_schema schemas.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0768.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"520"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES displays the statistics about the system catalogs of all the namespaces in pg_catalog and information_schema schemas.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0769.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"521"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES displays the transaction status information about all ordinary tables and TOAST tables in the namespaces.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0770.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"522"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES displays the transaction status information of the system catalog in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0771.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"523"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS displays statistics about function executions, with statistics about each execution displayed in a row.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0772.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"524"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES displays the transaction status information of the user table in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0773.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"525"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES contains each row of each index in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific index.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0774.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"526"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES contains each row of each sequence in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific sequence.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0775.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"527"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES contains one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific table.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0776.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"528"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES displays the I/O status information about all system catalog indexes in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0777.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"529"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES displays the I/O status information about all the system sequences in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0778.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"530"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES displays the I/O status information about all the system catalogs in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0779.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"531"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES displays the I/O status information about all the user relationship table indexes in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0780.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"532"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES displays the I/O status information about all the user relation table sequences in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0781.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"533"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES displays the I/O status information about all the user relation tables in the namespace.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0782.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"534"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS allows you to test the block waiting status about the backend thread and auxiliary thread of the current instance.The waiting statuses in the wait_s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0783.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"535"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TABLES displays access to each table in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0784.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"536"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TDE_INFO displays the encryption information about the current cluster.Check whether the current cluster is encrypted, and check the encryption algorithm (if any) used",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TDE_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0785.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"537"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS displays all time zone abbreviations that can be recognized by the input routines.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0786.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"538"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES displays all time zone names that can be recognized by SET TIMEZONE, along with their associated abbreviations, UTC offsets, and daylight saving time st",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0787.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"539"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays the memory usage of a certain node in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0788.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"540"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO displays the storage usage of all schemas in each database. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to on.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0789.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"541"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO displays the resource usage of all users. Only administrators can query this view. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0790.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"542"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_USER displays information about users who can access the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_USER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0791.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"543"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_USER_MAPPINGS displays information about user mappings.This is essentially a publicly readable view of PG_USER_MAPPING that leaves out the options column if the user h",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_USER_MAPPINGS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0792.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"544"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_VIEWS displays basic information about each view in the database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_VIEWS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0793.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"545"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_WLM_STATISTICS displays information about workload management after the task is complete or the exception has been handled.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PG_WLM_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0794.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"546"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS displays the progress of the service import. Only GDS common files can be imported. This view is accessible only to users with system administrator",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0795.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"547"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS displays real-time statistics about service execution, such as GDS, COPY, and \\COPY, on a CN. This view summarizes the real-time execution status",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0796.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"548"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO stores the client connection information of all nodes. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the CN ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0797.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"549"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library delay status for all the DNs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_DELAY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0798.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"550"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM displays the receiving stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0799.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"551"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM displays the sending stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0800.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"552"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS displays the communication library status for all the DNs.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_COMM_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0801.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"553"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_DEADLOCK displays lock wait information generated due to distributed deadlocks.Currently, PGXC_DEADLOCK collects only lock wait information about locks whose locktyp",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_DEADLOCK",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0802.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"554"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on tables and the dirty page rate of tables.Before running VACUUM FULL to a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0803.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"555"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on partitions of partitioned tables and the dirty page rate of tables.T",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0804.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"556"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS displays the data skew on tables in the current database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0805.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"557"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS displays transaction information on the current GTM.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0806.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"558"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME displays the running time of processes on each node in the cluster and the time consumed in each execution phase. Except the node_name column, the othe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0807.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"559"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL displays the complete Unique SQL statistics of all CN nodes in the cluster.Only the system administrator can access this view. For details about the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0808.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"560"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS displays information about conflicting locks in the cluster.When a lock is waiting for another lock or another lock is waiting for this one, a lock co",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0809.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"561"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_NODE_ENV displays the environmental variables information about all nodes in a cluster.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE_ENV",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0810.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"562"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME displays the time when statistics of each node in the cluster are reset. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the GS_NODE_STAT_",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0811.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"563"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO displays the OS running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PV_OS_RUN_INFO view. This view is a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0812.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"564"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_OS_THREADS displays thread status information under all normal nodes in the current cluster.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_OS_THREADS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0813.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"565"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS displays the two-phase transactions in the prepared phase.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0814.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"566"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_REDO_STAT displays statistics on redoing Xlogs of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PV_REDO_STAT view. This view is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_REDO_STAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0815.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"567"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_REL_IOSTAT displays statistics on disk read and write of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the GS_REL_IOSTAT view. This",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_REL_IOSTAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0816.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"568"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS displays the replication information of DNs in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS view. Th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0817.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"569"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS displays information about running transactions on each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in PG_RUNNING_XACTS.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0818.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"570"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_SETTINGS displays the database running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_SETTINGS view. This view is a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_SETTINGS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0819.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"571"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY displays information about the query performed by the current user on all the CNs in the current cluster.Run the following command to view blocked quer",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0820.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"572"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after all nodes in a cluster are started.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0821.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"573"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER displays statistics on the background writer of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_BGWRITER vi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0822.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"574"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_STAT_DATABASE displays the database status and statistics of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_DATABASE vie",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0823.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"575"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION displays the log synchronization status of each node in the cluster. All columns except node_name are the same as those in the PG_STAT_REPLICATION v",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0824.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"576"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_SQL_COUNT displays the node-level and user-level statistics for the SQL statements of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE INTO and DDL, DML, and DCL statements",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_SQL_COUNT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0825.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"577"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS displays all the call layer hierarchy relationship between threads of the SQL statements on all the nodes in a cluster, and the waiting status of ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0826.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"578"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays the memory usage in the cluster.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0827.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"579"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO displays the schema space information of all instances in the cluster, providing visibility into the schema space usage of each instance. This view",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0828.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"580"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE displays the overall schema space information of the cluster, including the total cluster space, average space of instances, skew ratio, ma",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0829.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"581"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about users on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is valid only wh",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0830.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"582"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO displays information about transaction IDs and OIDs of all nodes in a cluster.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0831.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"583"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS displays statistics on the waiting status and events of each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in GS_WAIT_EVENTS. This view ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0832.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"584"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORYdisplays the operator information of completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Database Manager to query data from a database. Dat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0836.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"585"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO displays the operator information of completed jobs executed on CNs. The data in this view is obtained from GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO.This view is acces",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0837.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"586"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS displays the operator information of jobs being executed on CNs.This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0838.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"587"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. The data in this view is obtained from GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO.This view is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0839.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"588"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Data Manager to query data from a database. Dat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0840.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"589"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS displays load management information about jobs that are being executed on CNs.This view is accessible only to users with system administrator",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0841.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"590"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS displays the status of job executed by the current user on CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is av",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0842.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"591"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the number of SELECT, UPDATE, ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0843.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"592"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, aver",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0844.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"593"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0845.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"594"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PLAN_TABLE displays the plan information collected by EXPLAIN PLAN. Plan information is in a session-level life cycle. After the session exits, the data will be deleted. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PLAN_TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0846.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"595"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PLAN_TABLE_DATA displays the plan information collected by EXPLAIN PLAN. Different from the PLAN_TABLE view, the system catalog PLAN_TABLE_DATA stores the plan informatio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PLAN_TABLE_DATA",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0847.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"596"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"By collecting statistics about the data file I/Os, PV_FILE_STAT displays the I/O performance of the data to detect the performance problems, such as abnormal I/O operatio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_FILE_STAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0848.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"597"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_INSTANCE_TIME collects statistics on the running time of processes and the time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.PV_INSTANCE_TIME records time consump",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_INSTANCE_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0849.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"598"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_OS_RUN_INFO displays the running status of the current operating system.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_OS_RUN_INFO",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0850.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"599"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY displays statistics about memory usage at the session level in the unit of MB, including all the memory allocated to Postgres and Stream threads on DNs ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0851.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"600"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about thread memory usage by memory context.The memory context TempSmallContextGroup collects information about all memory co",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0852.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"601"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_SESSION_STAT displays session state statistics based on session threads or the AutoVacuum thread.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_STAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0853.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"602"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_SESSION_TIME displays statistics about the running time of session threads and time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_SESSION_TIME",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0854.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"603"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL displays statistics about memory usage of the current database node in the unit of MB.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0855.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"604"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PV_REDO_STAT displays statistics on redoing Xlogs on the current node.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PV_REDO_STAT",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0856.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"605"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"REDACTION_COLUMNS displays information about all redaction columns in the current database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"REDACTION_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0857.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"606"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"REDACTION_POLICIES displays information about all redaction objects in the current database.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"REDACTION_POLICIES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0858.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"607"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_COL_COMMENTS displays the column comments of the table accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_COL_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0859.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"608"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_CONSTRAINTS displays the table constraint information accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_CONSTRAINTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0860.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"609"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_CONSTRAINTS displays the information about constraint columns of the tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_CONS_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0861.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"610"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_INDEXES displays index information in the current schema.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0862.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"611"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_IND_COLUMNS displays column information about all indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_IND_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0863.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"612"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_IND_EXPRESSIONSdisplays information about the function-based expression index accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0864.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"613"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_IND_PARTITIONS displays information about index partitions accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_IND_PARTITIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0865.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"614"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_JOBS displays all jobs owned by the user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_JOBS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0866.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"615"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_OBJECTS displays all database objects accessible to the current user.For details about the value ranges of last_ddl_time and last_ddl_time, see PG_OBJECT.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_OBJECTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0867.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"616"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_PART_INDEXES displays information about partitioned table indexes accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_PART_INDEXES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0868.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"617"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_PART_TABLES displays information about partitioned tables accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_PART_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0869.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"618"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_PROCEDURES displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the current schema.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_PROCEDURES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0870.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"619"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_SEQUENCES displays sequence information in the current schema.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_SEQUENCES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0871.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"620"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_SOURCE displays information about stored procedures or functions in this mode, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or the functions.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_SOURCE",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0872.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"621"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_SYNONYMS displays synonyms accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_SYNONYMS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0873.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"622"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_TAB_COLUMNS displays information about table columns accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_COLUMNS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0874.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"623"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_TAB_COMMENTS displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_COMMENTS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0875.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"624"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_TAB_PARTITIONS displays all table partitions accessible to the current user. Each partition of a partitioned table accessible to the current user has a piece of reco",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_TAB_PARTITIONS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0876.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"625"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_TABLES displays table information in the current schema.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_TABLES",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0877.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"626"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_TRIGGERS displays the information about triggers accessible to the current user.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_TRIGGERS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0878.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"627"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"USER_VIEWS displays information about all views in the current schema.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"USER_VIEWS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0879.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"628"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"V$SESSION displays all session information about the current session.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"V$SESSION",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0880.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"629"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"V$SESSION_LONGOPS displays the progress of ongoing operations.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"V$SESSION_LONGOPS",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0881.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"395",
+		"code":"630"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GUC Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0883.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"631"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) GUC parameters can control database system behaviors. You can check and adjust the GUC parameters based on your business scenario and data volume.After a clu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Viewing GUC Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0884.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"632"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To ensure the optimal performance of GaussDB(DWS), you can adjust the GUC parameters in the database.The GUC parameters of GaussDB(DWS) are classified into the following ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuring GUC Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0885.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"633"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The database provides many operation parameters. Configuration of these parameters affects the behavior of the database system. Before modifying these parameters, learn t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GUC Parameter Usage",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0886.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"634"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Connection and Authentication",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0888.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"635"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters related to the connection mode between the client and server.Parameter description: Specifies the maximum number of allowed parallel con",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Connection Settings",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0889.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"635",
+		"code":"636"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters about how to securely authenticate the client and server.Parameter description: Specifies the longest duration to wait before the client",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0890.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"635",
+		"code":"637"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameter settings and value ranges for communication libraries.Parameter description: Specifies whether the communication library uses the TCP or ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Communication Library Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0891.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"635",
+		"code":"638"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Resource Consumption",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0892.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"639"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes memory parameters.Parameters described in this section take effect only after the database service restarts.Parameter description: Specifies whethe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Memory",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0893.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"639",
+		"code":"640"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters related to statement disk space control, which are used to limit the disk space usage of statements.Parameter description: Specifies the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Statement Disk Space Control",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0894.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"639",
+		"code":"641"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes kernel resource parameters. Whether these parameters take effect depends on OS settings.Parameter description: Specifies the maximum number of simu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Kernel Resources",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0895.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"639",
+		"code":"642"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This feature allows administrators to reduce the I/O impact of the VACUUM and ANALYZE statements on concurrent database activities. It is often more important to prevent ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Cost-based Vacuum Delay",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0896.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"639",
+		"code":"643"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies whether O&M personnel are allowed to generate some ADIO logs to locate ADIO issues. This parameter is used only by developers. Common use",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Asynchronous I/O Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0898.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"639",
+		"code":"644"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides a parallel data import function that enables a large amount of data to be imported in a fast and efficient manner. This section describes parameters",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Parallel Data Import",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0899.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"645"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Write Ahead Logs",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0900.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"646"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the level of the information that is written to WALs.Type: POSTMASTERValue range: enumerated valuesminimalAdvantages: Certain bulk operat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Settings",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0901.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"646",
+		"code":"647"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the minimum number of WAL segment files in the period specified by checkpoint_timeout. The size of each log file is 16 MB.Type: SIGHUPVal",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Checkpoints",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0902.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"646",
+		"code":"648"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: When archive_mode is enabled, completed WAL segments are sent to archive storage by setting archive_command.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon: The",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Archiving",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0903.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"646",
+		"code":"649"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"HA Replication",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0904.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"650"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the number of Xlog file segments. Specifies the minimum number of transaction log files stored in the pg_xlog directory. The standby serv",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Sending Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0905.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"650",
+		"code":"651"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the number of transactions by which VACUUM will defer the cleanup of invalid row-store table records, so that VACUUM and VACUUM FULL do n",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Primary Server",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0906.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"650",
+		"code":"652"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query Planning",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0908.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"653"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"These configuration parameters provide a crude method of influencing the query plans chosen by the query optimizer. If the default plan chosen by the optimizer for a part",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizer Method Configuration",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0909.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"653",
+		"code":"654"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the optimizer cost constants. The cost variables described in this section are measured on an arbitrary scale. Only their relative values matter, t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Optimizer Cost Constants",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0910.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"653",
+		"code":"655"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters related to genetic query optimizer. The genetic query optimizer (GEQO) is an algorithm that plans queries by using heuristic searching. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Genetic Query Optimizer",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0911.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"653",
+		"code":"656"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the default statistics target for table columns without a column-specific target set via ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS. If this parameter is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Optimizer Options",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0912.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"653",
+		"code":"657"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Error Reporting and Logging",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0913.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"658"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies the writing mode of the log files when logging_collector is set to on.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon indicates that GaussDB(DWS) over",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Logging Destination",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0914.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"658",
+		"code":"659"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies which level of messages are sent to the client. Each level covers all the levels following it. The lower the level is, the fewer messages",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Logging Time",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0915.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"658",
+		"code":"660"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to print parsing tree results.Type: SIGHUPValue range: Booleanon indicates the printing result function is enabled.off indicates ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Logging Content",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0916.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"658",
+		"code":"661"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During cluster running, error scenarios can be detected in a timely manner to inform users as soon as possible.Parameter description: Enables the alarm detection thread t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Alarm Detection",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0918.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"662"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Statistics During the Database Running",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0919.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"663"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The query and index statistics collector is used to collect statistics during database running. The statistics include the times of inserting and updating a table and an ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Query and Index Statistics Collector",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0920.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"663",
+		"code":"664"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"During the running of the database, the lock access, disk I/O operation, and invalid message process are involved. All these operations are the bottleneck of the database",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Performance Statistics",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0921.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"663",
+		"code":"665"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"If database resource usage is not controlled, concurrent tasks easily preempt resources. As a result, the OS will be overloaded and cannot respond to user tasks; or even ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Workload Management",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0922.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"666"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The automatic cleanup process (autovacuum) in the system automatically runs the VACUUM and ANALYZE commands to recycle the record space marked by the deleted status and u",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Automatic Cleanup",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0923.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"667"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Default Settings of Client Connection",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0924.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"668"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes related default parameters involved in the execution of SQL statements.Parameter description: Specifies the order in which schemas are searched whe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Statement Behavior",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0925.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"668",
+		"code":"669"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters related to the time format setting.Parameter description: Specifies the display format for date and time values, as well as the rules fo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Zone and Formatting",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0926.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"668",
+		"code":"670"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the default database loading parameters of the database system.Parameter description: Specifies the path for saving the shared database files that ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Default Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0927.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"668",
+		"code":"671"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"In GaussDB(DWS), a deadlock may occur when concurrently executed transactions compete for resources. This section describes parameters used for managing transaction lock ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Lock Management",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0928.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"672"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Version and Platform Compatibility",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0929.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"673"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the parameter control of the downward compatibility and external compatibility features of GaussDB(DWS). Backward compatibility of the database sys",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Compatibility with Earlier Versions",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0930.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"673",
+		"code":"674"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Many platforms use the database system. External compatibility of the database system provides a lot of convenience for platforms.Parameter description: Determines whethe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Platform and Client Compatibility",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0931.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"673",
+		"code":"675"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes parameters used for controlling the methods that the server processes an error occurring in the database system.Parameter description: Specifies wh",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Fault Tolerance",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0932.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"676"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When a connection pool is used to access the database, database connections are established and then stored in the memory as objects during system running. When you need ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Connection Pool Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0933.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"677"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the settings and value ranges of cluster transaction parameters.Parameter description: Specifies the isolation level of the current transaction.Typ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Cluster Transaction Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0934.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"678"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to enable the lightweight column-store update.Type: USERSETValue range: Booleanon indicates that the lightweight column-store upd",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Developer Operations",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0936.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"679"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Auditing",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0937.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"680"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to enable or disable the audit process. After the audit process is enabled, the auditing information written by the background pr",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Audit Switch",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0938.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"680",
+		"code":"681"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: Specifies whether to audit successful operations in GaussDB(DWS). Set this parameter as required.Type: SIGHUPValue range: a stringnone: indicates t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Operation Audit",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0940.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"680",
+		"code":"682"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The automatic rollback transaction can be monitored and its statement problems can be located by setting the transaction timeout warning. In addition, the statements with",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Transaction Monitoring",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0941.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"683"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Parameter description: If an SQL statement involves tables belonging to different groups, you can enable this parameter to push the execution plan of the statement to imp",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Miscellaneous Parameters",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0945.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"631",
+		"code":"684"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Glossary",
+		"uri":"dws_04_0946.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"1",
+		"code":"685"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SQL Syntax Reference",
+		"uri":"dws_04_2000.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"",
+		"code":"686"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQL is a standard computer language used to control the access to databases and manage data in databases.SQL provides different statements to enable you to:Query data.Ins",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GaussDB(DWS) SQL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0001.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"687"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0002.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"688"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) gsql differs from PostgreSQL psql in that the former has made the following changes to enhance security:User passwords cannot be set by running the \\password",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0003.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"688",
+		"code":"689"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about supported data types by GaussDB(DWS), see Data Types.The following PostgreSQL data type is not supported:Lines, a geometric typepg_node_tree",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Type Differences",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0004.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"688",
+		"code":"690"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"For details about the functions supported by GaussDB(DWS), see Functions and Operators.The following PostgreSQL functions are not supported:Enum support functionsAccess p",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Function Differences",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0005.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"688",
+		"code":"691"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table inheritanceTable creation features:Use REFERENCES reftable [ (refcolumn) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0006.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"688",
+		"code":"692"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The SQL contains reserved and non-reserved words. Standards require that reserved keywords not be used as other identifiers. Non-reserved keywords have special meanings o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Keyword",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0007.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"693"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0008.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"694"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Numeric types consist of two-, four-, and eight-byte integers, four- and eight-byte floating-point numbers, and selectable-precision decimals.For details about numeric op",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Numeric Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0009.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"695"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The money type stores a currency amount with fixed fractional precision. The range shown in Table 1 assumes there are two fractional digits. Input is accepted in a variet",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Monetary Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0010.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"696"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Valid literal values for the \"true\" state are:TRUE, 't', 'true', 'y', 'yes', '1'Valid literal values for the \"false\" state include:FALSE, 'f', 'false', 'n', 'no', '0'TRUE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Boolean Type",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0011.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"697"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists the character types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS). For string operators and related built-in functions, see Character Processing Functions and Operators.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Character Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0012.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"698"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists the binary data types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS).In addition to the size limitation on each column, the total size of each tuple is 8203 bytes less th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Binary Data Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0013.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"699"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists date and time types supported by GaussDB(DWS). For the operators and built-in functions of the types, see Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators.I",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Date/Time Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0014.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"700"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists the geometric types that can be used in GaussDB(DWS). The most fundamental type, the point, forms the basis for all of the other types.A rich set of functio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Geometric Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0015.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"701"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) offers data types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC addresses.It is better to use network address types instead of plaintext types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC ad",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Network Address Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0016.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"702"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Bit strings are strings of 1's and 0's. They can be used to store bit masks.GaussDB(DWS) supports two SQL bit types: bit(n) and bit varying(n), where n is a positive inte",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Bit String Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0017.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"703"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) offers two data types that are designed to support full text search. The tsvector type represents a document in a form optimized for text search. The tsquery",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Text Search Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0018.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"704"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The data type UUID stores Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID) as defined by RFC 4122, ISO/IEF 9834-8:2005, and related standards. This identifier is a 128-bit quantity ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UUID Type",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0019.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"705"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"JSON data types are for storing JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data. Such data can also be stored as TEXT, but the JSON data type has the advantage of checking that ea",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JSON Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0020.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"706"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HyperLoglog (HLL) is an approximation algorithm for efficiently counting the number of distinct values in a data set. It features faster computing and lower space usage. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"HLL Data Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0021.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"707"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Object identifiers (OIDs) are used internally by GaussDB(DWS) as primary keys for various system catalogs. OIDs are not added to user-created tables by the system. The OI",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Object Identifier Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0022.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"708"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) has a number of special-purpose entries that are collectively called pseudo-types. A pseudo-type cannot be used as a column data type, but it can be used to ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Pseudo-Types",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0023.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"709"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists the data types supported by column-store tables.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0024.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"710"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"XML data type stores Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted data. Such data can also be stored as text, but the advantage of the XML data type is that it checks wheth",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"XML",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0025.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"694",
+		"code":"711"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Table 1 lists the constants and macros that can be used in GaussDB(DWS).",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Constant and Macro",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0026.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"712"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0027.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"713"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The usual logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT. SQL uses a three-valued logical system with true, false, and null, which represents \"unknown\". Their priorities are ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Logical Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0028.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"714"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Comparison operators are available for all data types and return Boolean values.All comparison operators are binary operators. Only data types that are the same or can be",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Comparison Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0029.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"715"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"String functions and operators provided by GaussDB(DWS) are for concatenating strings with each other, concatenating strings with non-strings, and matching the patterns o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Character Processing Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0030.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"716"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQL defines some string functions that use keywords, rather than commas, to separate arguments.octet_length(string)Description: Number of bytes in binary stringReturn typ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Binary String Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0031.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"717"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Aside from the usual comparison operators, the following operators can be used. Bit string operands of &, |, and # must be of equal length. When bit shifting, the origina",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Bit String Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0032.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"718"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"There are three separate approaches to pattern matching provided by the database: the traditional SQL LIKE operator, the more recent SIMILAR TO operator, and POSIX-style ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Pattern Matching Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0033.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"719"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"+Description: AdditionFor example:SELECT 2+3 AS RESULT;\n result \n--------\n      5\n(1 row)Description: AdditionFor example:-Description: SubtractionFor example:SELECT 2-3 ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Mathematical Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0034.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"720"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"When the user uses date/time operators, explicit type prefixes are modified for corresponding operands to ensure that the operands parsed by the database are consistent w",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0035.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"721"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"cast(x as y)Description: Converts x into the type specified by y.For example:SELECT cast('22-oct-1997' as timestamp);\n      timestamp      \n---------------------\n 1997-10",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Type Conversion Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0036.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"722"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"+Description: TranslationFor example:SELECT box '((0,0),(1,1))' + point '(2.0,0)' AS RESULT;\n   result    \n-------------\n (3,1),(2,0)\n(1 row)Description: TranslationFor e",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Geometric Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0037.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"723"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The operators <<, <<=, >>, and >>= test for subnet inclusion. They consider only the network parts of the two addresses (ignoring any host part) and determine whether one",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Network Address Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0038.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"724"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"@@Description: Specifies whether the tsvector-typed words match the tsquery-typed words.For example:SELECT to_tsvector('fat cats ate rats') @@ to_tsquery('cat & rat') AS ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Text Search Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0039.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"725"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"UUID functions are used to generate UUID data (see UUID Type).uuid_generate_v1()Description: Generates a UUID sequence number.Return type: UUIDExample:SELECT uuid_generat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UUID Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0040.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"726"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"JSON functions are used to generate JSON data (see JSON Types).array_to_json(anyarray [, pretty_bool])Description: Returns the array as JSON. A multi-dimensional array be",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"JSON Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0041.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"727"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"hll_hash_boolean(bool)Description: Hashes data of the bool type.Return type: hll_hashvalFor example:SELECT hll_hash_boolean(FALSE);\n  hll_hash_boolean   \n----------------",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"HLL Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0042.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"728"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The sequence functions provide a simple method to ensure security of multiple users for users to obtain sequence values from sequence objects.The hybrid data warehouse (s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SEQUENCE Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0043.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"729"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"=Description: Specifies whether two arrays are equal.For example:SELECT ARRAY[1.1,2.1,3.1]::int[] = ARRAY[1,2,3] AS RESULT ;\n result \n--------\n t\n(1 row)Description: Spec",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Array Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0044.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"730"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"=Description: EqualsFor example:SELECT int4range(1,5) = '[1,4]'::int4range AS RESULT;\n result\n--------\n t\n(1 row)Description: EqualsFor example:<>Description: Does not eq",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Range Functions and Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0045.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"731"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"sum(expression)Description: Sum of expression across all input valuesReturn type:Generally, same as the argument data type. In the following cases, type conversion occurs",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Aggregate Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0046.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"732"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Regular aggregate functions return a single value calculated from values in a row, or group all rows into a single output row. Window functions perform a calculation acro",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Window Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0047.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"733"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"gs_password_deadline()Description: Indicates the number of remaining days before the password of the current user expires. After the password expires, the system prompts ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Security Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0048.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"734"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"generate_series(start, stop)Description: Generates a series of values, from start to stop with a step size of one.Parameter type: int, bigint, or numericReturn type: seto",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Set Returning Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0049.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"735"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"coalesce(expr1, expr2, ..., exprn)Description: Returns the first argument that is not NULL in the argument list.COALESCE(expr1, expr2) is equivalent to CASE WHEN expr1 IS",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Conditional Expression Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0050.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"736"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"current_catalogDescription: Name of the current database (called \"catalog\" in the SQL standard)Return type: nameFor example:SELECT current_catalog;\n current_database\n----",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Information Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0051.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"737"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Administration Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0052.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"738"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Configuration setting functions are used for querying and modifying configuration parameters during running.current_setting(setting_name)Description: Specifies the curren",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuration Settings Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0053.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"739"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Universal file access functions provide local access interfaces for files on a database server. Only files in the database cluster directory and the log_directory directo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Universal File Access Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0054.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"740"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Server signaling functions send control signals to other server processes. Only system administrators can use these functions.pg_cancel_backend(pid int)Description: Cance",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Server Signaling Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0055.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"741"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Backup control functions help online backup.pg_create_restore_point(name text)Description: Creates a named point for performing the restore operation (restricted to syste",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Backup and Restoration Control Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0056.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"742"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Snapshot synchronization functions save the current snapshot and return its identifier.pg_export_snapshot()Description: Saves the current snapshot and returns its identif",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Snapshot Synchronization Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0057.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"743"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Database object size functions calculate the actual disk space used by database objects.pg_column_size(any)Description: Specifies the number of bytes used to store a part",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Database Object Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0058.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"744"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Advisory lock functions manage advisory locks. These functions are only for internal use currently.pg_advisory_lock(key bigint)Description: Obtains an exclusive session-l",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Advisory Lock Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0059.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"745"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"pg_get_residualfiles()Description: Obtains all residual file records of the current node. This function is an instance-level function and is irrelevant to the current dat",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Residual File Management Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0060.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"746"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A replication function synchronizes logs and data between instances. It is a statistics or operation method provided by the system to implement HA.Replication functions e",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Replication Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0061.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"747"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"pgxc_pool_check()Description: Checks whether the connection data buffered in the pool is consistent with pgxc_node.Return type: booleanDescription: Checks whether the con",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Other Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0062.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"748"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This section describes the functions of the resource management module.gs_wlm_readjust_user_space(oid)Description: This function calibrates the permanent storage space of",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Resource Management Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0063.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"738",
+		"code":"749"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data redaction functions are used to mask and protect sensitive data. Generally, you are advised to bind these functions to the columns to be redacted based on the data r",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Data Redaction Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0064.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"750"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Statistics information functions are divided into the following two categories: functions that access databases, using the OID of each table or index in a database to mar",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Statistics Information Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0065.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"751"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"pg_get_triggerdef(oid)Description: Obtains the definition information of a trigger.Parameter: OID of the trigger to be queriedReturn type: textExample:select pg_get_trigg",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Trigger Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0066.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"752"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"XMLPARSE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value)Description: Generates an XML value from character data.Return type: XMLExample:XMLSERIALIZE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value AS typ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"XML Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0067.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"753"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The pv_memory_profiling(type int) and environment variable MALLOC_CONF are used by GaussDB(DWS) to control the enabling and disabling of the memory allocation call stack ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Call Stack Recording Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0068.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"713",
+		"code":"754"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0069.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"755"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Logical Operators lists the operators and calculation rules of logical expressions.Comparison Operators lists the common comparative operators.In addition to comparative ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Simple Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0070.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"755",
+		"code":"756"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data that meets the requirements specified by conditional expressions are filtered during SQL statement execution.Conditional expressions include the following types:CASE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Conditional Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0071.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"755",
+		"code":"757"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Subquery expressions include the following types:EXISTS/NOT EXISTSFigure 1 shows the syntax of an EXISTS/NOT EXISTS expression.EXISTS/NOT EXISTS::=The parameter of an EXI",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Subquery Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0072.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"755",
+		"code":"758"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"expressionIN(value [, ...])The parentheses on the right contain an expression list. The expression result on the left is compared with the content in the expression list.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Array Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0073.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"755",
+		"code":"759"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Syntax:row_constructor operator row_constructorBoth sides of the row expression are row constructors. The values of both rows must have the same number of fields and they",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Row Expressions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0074.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"755",
+		"code":"760"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Type Conversion",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0075.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"761"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQL is a typed language. That is, every data item has an associated data type which determines its behavior and allowed usage. GaussDB(DWS) has an extensible type system ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0076.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"761",
+		"code":"762"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Select the operators to be considered from the pg_operator system catalog. Considered operators are those with the matching name and argument count. If the search path fi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Operators",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0077.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"761",
+		"code":"763"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Select the functions to be considered from the pg_proc system catalog. If a non-schema-qualified function name was used, the functions in the current search path are cons",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Functions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0078.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"761",
+		"code":"764"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Search for an exact match with the target column.Try to convert the expression to the target type. This will succeed if there is a registered cast between the two types. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Value Storage",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0079.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"761",
+		"code":"765"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SQL UNION constructs must match up possibly dissimilar types to become a single result set. Since all query results from a SELECT UNION statement must appear in a single ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0080.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"761",
+		"code":"766"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Full Text Search",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0081.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"767"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Introduction",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0082.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"768"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Textual search operators have been used in databases for years. GaussDB(DWS) has ~, ~*, LIKE, and ILIKE operators for textual data types, but they lack many essential pro",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Full-Text Retrieval",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0083.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"768",
+		"code":"769"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A document is the unit of searching in a full text search system; for example, a magazine article or email message. The text search engine must be able to parse documents",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"What Is a Document?",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0084.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"768",
+		"code":"770"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Full text search in GaussDB(DWS) is based on the match operator @@, which returns true if a tsvector (document) matches a tsquery (query). It does not matter which data t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Basic Text Matching",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0085.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"768",
+		"code":"771"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Full text search functionality includes the ability to do many more things: skip indexing certain words (stop words), process synonyms, and use sophisticated parsing, for",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configurations",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0086.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"768",
+		"code":"772"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Table and index",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0087.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"773"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"It is possible to do a full text search without an index.A simple query to print each row that contains the word science in its body column is as follows:DROP SCHEMA IF E",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Searching a Table",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0088.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"773",
+		"code":"774"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can create a GIN index to speed up text searches:The to_tsvector() function accepts one or two augments.If the one-augment version of the index is used, the system wi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Creating an Index",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0089.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"773",
+		"code":"775"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The following is an example of using an index. Run the following statements in a database that uses the UTF-8 or GBK encoding:In this example, table1 has two GIN indexes ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Constraints on Index Use",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0090.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"773",
+		"code":"776"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Controlling Text Search",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0091.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"777"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides function to_tsvector for converting a document to the tsvector data type.to_tsvector parses a textual document into tokens, reduces the tokens to le",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Parsing Documents",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0092.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"777",
+		"code":"778"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions to_tsquery and plainto_tsquery for converting a query to the tsquery data type. to_tsquery offers access to more features than plainto_tsq",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Parsing Queries",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0093.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"777",
+		"code":"779"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Ranking attempts to measure how relevant documents are to a particular query, so that when there are many matches the most relevant ones can be shown first. GaussDB(DWS) ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Ranking Search Results",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0094.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"777",
+		"code":"780"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"To present search results it is ideal to show a part of each document and how it is related to the query. Usually, search engines show fragments of the document with mark",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Highlighting Results",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0095.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"777",
+		"code":"781"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Additional Features",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0096.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"782"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate documents that are already in tsvector type.tsvector || tsvectorThe tsvector concatenation op",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Manipulating tsvector",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0097.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"782",
+		"code":"783"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate queries that are already in tsquery type.tsquery && tsqueryReturns the AND-combination of the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Manipulating Queries",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0098.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"782",
+		"code":"784"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The ts_rewrite family of functions searches a given tsquery for occurrences of a target subquery, and replace each occurrence with a substitute subquery. In essence this ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Rewriting Queries",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0099.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"782",
+		"code":"785"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The function ts_stat is useful for checking your configuration and for finding stop-word candidates.sqlquery is a text value containing an SQL query which must return a s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Gathering Document Statistics",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0100.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"782",
+		"code":"786"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Text search parsers are responsible for splitting raw document text into tokens and identifying each token's type, where the set of types is defined by the parser itself.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Parsers",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0101.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"787"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Dictionaries",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0102.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"788"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A dictionary is used to define stop words, that is, words to be ignored in full-text retrieval.A dictionary can also be used to normalize words so that different derived ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0103.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"789"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Stop words are words that are very common, appear in almost every document, and have no discrimination value. Therefore, they can be ignored in the context of full text s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Stop Words",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0104.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"790"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A Simple dictionary operates by converting the input token to lower case and checking it against a list of stop words. If the token is found in the list, an empty array w",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Simple Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0105.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"791"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A synonym dictionary is used to define, identify, and convert synonyms of tokens. Phrases are not supported (use the thesaurus dictionary in Thesaurus Dictionary).A synon",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Synonym Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0106.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"792"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A thesaurus dictionary (sometimes abbreviated as TZ) is a collection of words that include relationships between words and phrases, such as broader terms (BT), narrower t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Thesaurus Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0107.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"793"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The Ispell dictionary template supports morphological dictionaries, which can normalize many different linguistic forms of a word into the same lexeme. For example, an En",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Ispell Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0108.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"794"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A Snowball dictionary is based on a project by Martin Porter and is used for stem analysis, providing stemming algorithms for many languages. GaussDB(DWS) provides predef",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Snowball Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0109.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"788",
+		"code":"795"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Text search configuration specifies the following components required for converting a document into a tsvector:A parser, decomposes a text into tokens.Dictionary list, c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Configuration Examples",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0110.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"796"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Testing and Debugging Text Search",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0111.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"797"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The function ts_debug allows easy testing of a text search configuration.ts_debug displays information about every token of document as produced by the parser and process",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Testing a Configuration",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0112.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"797",
+		"code":"798"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The ts_parse function allows direct testing of a text search parser.ts_parse parses the given document and returns a series of records, one for each token produced by par",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Testing a Parser",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0113.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"797",
+		"code":"799"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The ts_lexize function facilitates dictionary testing.ts_lexize(dict regdictionary, token text) returns text[] ts_lexize returns an array of lexemes if the input token is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Testing a Dictionary",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0114.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"797",
+		"code":"800"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The current limitations of GaussDB(DWS)'s full text search are:The length of each lexeme must be less than 2 KB.The length of a tsvector (lexemes + positions) must be les",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Limitations",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0115.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"767",
+		"code":"801"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GaussDB(DWS) runs SQL statements to perform different system operations, such as setting variables, displaying the execution plan, and collecting garbage data.For details",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"System Operation",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0116.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"802"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A transaction is a user-defined sequence of database operations, which form an integral unit of work.GaussDB(DWS) starts a transaction using START TRANSACTION and BEGIN. ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Controlling Transactions",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0117.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"803"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DDL Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0118.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"804"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data definition language (DDL) is used to define or modify an object in a database, such as a table, index, or view.GaussDB(DWS) does not support DDL if its CN is unavail",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DDL Syntax Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0119.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"805"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"This command is used to modify the attributes of a database, including the database name, owner, maximum number of connections, and object isolation attribute.Only the ow",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0120.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"806"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE modifies a foreign table.NoneSet the attributes of a foreign table.ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ]  table_name\n    OPTIONS ( {[ ADD | SET | DROP ] o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0123.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"807"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE modifies an HDFS or OBS foreign table.NoneSet a foreign table's attributes.ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ]  table_name\n    OPTIONS ( {[ ADD | SET | ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0124.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"808"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER FUNCTION modifies the attributes of a customized function.Only the owner of a function or a system administrator can run this statement. If a function involves oper",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER FUNCTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0126.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"809"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER GROUP modifies the attributes of a user group.ALTER GROUP is an alias for ALTER ROLE, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use ALTER ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER GROUP",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0127.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"810"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER INDEX modifies the definition of an existing index.There are several sub-forms:IF EXISTSIf the specified index does not exist, a notice instead of an error is sent.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER INDEX",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0128.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"811"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER LARGE OBJECT modifies the definition of a large object. It can only assign a new owner to a large object.Only the administrator or the owner of the to-be-modified l",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER LARGE OBJECT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0129.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"812"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER REDACTION POLICY modifies a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.Only the owner of the table to which the redaction policy is applied has the permissi",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER REDACTION POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0132.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"813"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER RESOURCE POOL changes the Cgroup of a resource pool.Users having the ALTER permission can modify resource pools.pool_nameSpecifies the name of the resource pool.The",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER RESOURCE POOL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0133.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"814"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER ROLE changes the attributes of a role.NoneModifying the Rights of a RoleALTER ROLE role_name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ];The option clause for granting rights is as",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER ROLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0134.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"815"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY modifies an existing row-level access control policy, including the policy name and the users and expressions affected by the policy.Only ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0135.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"816"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SCHEMA changes the attributes of a schema.Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run this statement.Rename a schema.ALTER SCHEMA schema_name \n    ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SCHEMA",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0136.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"817"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SEQUENCE modifies the parameters of an existing sequence.You must be the owner of the sequence to use ALTER SEQUENCE.In the current version, you can modify only the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SEQUENCE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0137.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"818"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SERVER adds, modifies, or deletes the parameters of an existing server. You can query existing servers from the pg_foreign_server system catalog.Only the owner of a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SERVER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0138.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"819"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SESSION defines or modifies the conditions or parameters that affect the current session. Modified session parameters are kept until the current session is disconne",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SESSION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0139.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"820"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SYNONYM is used to modify the attribute of a synonym.Only the synonym owner can be changed.Only the system administrator and the synonym owner has the permission to",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SYNONYM",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0140.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"821"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ends a session.Nonesession_sid, serialSpecifies SID and SERIAL of a session (see examples for format).Value range: The SIDs and SERIALs of all s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0141.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"822"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TABLE is used to modify tables, including modifying table definitions, renaming tables, renaming specified columns in tables, renaming table constraints, setting ta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0142.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"823"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TABLE PARTITION modifies table partitioning, including adding, deleting, splitting, merging partitions, and modifying partition attributes.The name of the added par",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TABLE PARTITION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0143.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"824"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION modifies the definition of a text search configuration. You can modify its mappings from token types to dictionaries, change the configura",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0145.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"825"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY modifies the definition of a full-text retrieval dictionary, including its parameters, name, owner, and schema.ALTER is not supported by pred",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0146.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"826"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TRIGGER modifies the definition of a trigger.Only the owner of a table where a trigger is created and system administrators can run the ALTER TRIGGER statement.trig",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TRIGGER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0147.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"827"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER TYPE modifies the definition of a type.Modify a type.ALTER TYPE name action [, ... ]\nALTER TYPE name OWNER TO { new_owner | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER }\nALTER TYPE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER TYPE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0148.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"828"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER USER modifies the attributes of a database user.Session parameters modified by ALTER USER apply to a specified user and take effect in the next session.Modify user ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER USER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0149.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"829"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER VIEW modifies all auxiliary attributes of a view. (To modify the query definition of a view, use CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW.)Only the view owner can modify a view by ru",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER VIEW",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0150.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"830"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CLEAN CONNECTION clears database connections when a database is abnormal. You may use this statement to delete a specific user's connections to a specified database.NoneC",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CLEAN CONNECTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0151.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"831"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CLOSE frees the resources associated with an open cursor.After a cursor is closed, no subsequent operations are allowed on it.A cursor should be closed when it is no long",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CLOSE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0152.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"832"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Cluster a table according to an index.CLUSTER instructs GaussDB(DWS) to cluster the table specified by table_name based on the index specified by index_name. The index mu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CLUSTER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0153.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"833"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"COMMENT defines or changes the comment of an object.Only one comment string is stored for each object. To modify a comment, issue a new COMMENT command for the same objec",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"COMMENT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0154.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"834"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Creates a barrier for cluster nodes. The barrier can be used for data restoration.Before creating a barrier, ensure that gtm_backup_barrier and enable_cbm_tracking are se",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE BARRIER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0155.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"835"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE DATABASE creates a database. By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard system database template1. A different template can be specified ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0156.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"836"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a GDS foreign table.CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a GDS foreign table in the current database for concurrent data import and export. The GDS f",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0159.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"837"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates an HDFS or OBS foreign table in the current database to access or export structured data stored on HDFS or OBS. You can also export data in O",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE  (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0161.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"838"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a foreign table in the current database for parallel data import and export of OBS data. The server used is gsmpp_server, which is created by",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0160.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"839"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE FUNCTION creates a function.The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a function are not checked.When creating a function, you are advise",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE FUNCTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0163.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"840"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE GROUP creates a user group.CREATE GROUP is an alias for CREATE ROLE, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use CREATE ROLE directly.T",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE GROUP",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0164.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"841"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE INDEX-bak defines a new index.Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in slower database performance). You ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE INDEX",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0165.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"842"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE REDACTION POLICY creates a data redaction policy for a table.Only the table owner has the permission to create a data redaction policy.You can create data redactio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE REDACTION POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0168.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"843"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY creates a row-level access control policy for a table.The policy takes effect only after row-level access control is enabled (by running ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0169.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"844"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE PROCEDURE creates a stored procedure.The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a stored procedure are not checked.When creating a stored ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE PROCEDURE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0170.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"845"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE RESOURCE POOL creates a resource pool and specifies the Cgroup for the resource pool.As long as the current user has CREATE permission, it can create a resource po",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE RESOURCE POOL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0171.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"846"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Create a role.A role is an entity that has own database objects and permissions. In different environments, a role can be considered a user, a group, or both.CREATE ROLE ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE ROLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0172.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"847"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE SCHEMA creates a schema.Named objects are accessed either by \"qualifying\" their names with the schema name as a prefix, or by setting a search path that includes t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE SCHEMA",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0173.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"848"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE SEQUENCE adds a sequence to the current database. The owner of a sequence is the user who creates the sequence.A sequence is a special table that stores arithmetic",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE SEQUENCE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0174.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"849"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE SERVER creates an external server.An external server stores information of HDFS clusters, OBS servers, DLI connections, or other homogeneous clusters.By default, o",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE SERVER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0175.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"850"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE SYNONYM is used to create a synonym object. A synonym is an alias of a database object and is used to record the mapping between database object names. You can use",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE SYNONYM",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0176.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"851"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TABLE creates a table in the current database. The table will be owned by the user who created it.For details about the data types supported by column-store tables",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0177.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"852"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TABLE AS creates a table based on the results of a query.It creates a table and fills it with data obtained using SELECT. The table columns have the names and data",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE AS",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0178.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"853"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TABLE PARTITION creates a partitioned table. Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific sche",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TABLE PARTITION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0179.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"854"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION creates a text search configuration. A text search configuration specifies a text search parser that can divide a string into tokens, plu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0182.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"855"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY creates a full-text search dictionary. A dictionary is used to identify and process specified words during full-text search.Dictionaries are",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0183.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"856"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TRIGGER creates a trigger. The trigger will be associated with a specified table or view, and will execute a specified function when certain events occur.Currently",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TRIGGER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0184.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"857"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE TYPE defines a new data type in the current database. The user who defines a new data type becomes its owner. Types are designed only for row-store tables.Four typ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE TYPE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0185.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"858"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE USER creates a user.A user created using the CREATE USER statement has the LOGIN permission by default.A schema named after the user is automatically created in th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE USER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0186.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"859"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CREATE VIEW creates a view. A view is a virtual table, not a base table. A database only stores the definition of a view and does not store its data. The data is still st",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CREATE VIEW",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0187.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"860"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CURSOR defines a cursor. This command retrieves few rows of data in a query.To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store cont",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CURSOR",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0188.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"861"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP DATABASE deletes a database.Only the owner of a database or a system administrator has the permission to run the DROP DATABASE command.DROP DATABASE does not take ef",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP DATABASE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0189.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"862"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP FOREIGN TABLE deletes a specified foreign table.DROP FOREIGN TABLE forcibly deletes a specified table. After a table is deleted, any indexes that exist for the table",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP FOREIGN TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0192.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"863"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP FUNCTION deletes an existing function.If a function involves operations on temporary tables, the function cannot be deleted by running DROP FUNCTION.IF EXISTSSends a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP FUNCTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0193.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"864"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP GROUP deletes a user group.DROP GROUP is the alias for DROP ROLE.DROP GROUP is the internal interface encapsulated in the gs_om tool. You are not advised to use this",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP GROUP",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0194.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"865"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP INDEX deletes an index.Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run DROP INDEX command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP INDEX",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0195.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"866"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP OWNED deletes the database objects of a database role.The role's permissions on all the database objects in the current database and shared objects (databases and ta",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP OWNED",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0198.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"867"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP REDACTION POLICY deletes a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.Only the table owner has the permission to delete a data redaction policy.IF EXISTSSend",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP REDACTION POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0199.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"868"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY deletes a row-level access control policy from a table.Only the table owner or administrators can delete a row-level access control policy ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0200.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"869"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP PROCEDURE deletes an existing stored procedure.None.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the stored procedure does not exist.Sends a notice instead of an e",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP PROCEDURE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0201.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"870"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP RESOURCE POOL deletes a resource pool.The resource pool cannot be deleted if it is associated with a role.The user must have the DROP permission in order to delete a",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP RESOURCE POOL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0202.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"871"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP ROLE deletes a specified role.If a \"role is being used by other users\" error is displayed when you run DROP ROLE, it might be that threads cannot respond to signals ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP ROLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0203.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"872"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP SCHEMA deletes a schema in a database.Only a schema owner or a system administrator can run the DROP SCHEMA command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP SCHEMA",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0204.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"873"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP SEQUENCE deletes a sequence from the current database.Only a sequence owner or a system administrator can delete a sequence.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an err",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP SEQUENCE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0205.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"874"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP SERVER deletes an existing data server.Only the server owner can delete a server.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified table does not exist.Se",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP SERVER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0206.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"875"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP SYNONYM is used to delete a synonym object.Only a synonym owner or a system administrator can run the DROP SYNONYM command.IF EXISTSSend a notice instead of reportin",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP SYNONYM",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0207.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"876"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP TABLE deletes a specified table.Only the table owner, schema owner, and system administrator have the permission to delete a table. To delete all the rows in a table",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TABLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0208.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"877"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION deletes an existing text search configuration.To run the DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION command, you must be the owner of the text search c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0210.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"878"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROPTEXT SEARCHDICTIONARY deletes a full-text retrieval dictionary.DROP is not supported by predefined dictionaries.Only the owner of a dictionary can do DROP to the dict",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0211.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"879"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP TRIGGER deletes a trigger.Only the owner of a trigger and system administrators can run the DROP TRIGGER statement.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TRIGGER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0212.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"880"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP TYPE deletes a user-defined data type. Only the type owner has permission to run this statement.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an error if the specified type doe",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP TYPE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0213.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"881"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Deleting a user will also delete the schema having the same name as the user.CASCADE is used to delete objects (excluding databases) that depend on the user. CASCADE cann",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP USER",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0214.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"882"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DROP VIEW forcibly deletes an existing view in a database.Only a view owner or a system administrator can run DROP VIEW command.IF EXISTSSends a notice instead of an erro",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DROP VIEW",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0215.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"883"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"FETCH retrieves data using a previously-created cursor.A cursor has an associated position, which is used by FETCH. The cursor position can be before the first row of the",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"FETCH",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0216.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"884"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"MOVE repositions a cursor without retrieving any data. MOVE works exactly like the FETCH command, except it only repositions the cursor and does not return rows.NoneThe d",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"MOVE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0217.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"885"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"REINDEX rebuilds an index using the data stored in the index's table, replacing the old copy of the index.There are several scenarios in which REINDEX can be used:An inde",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"REINDEX",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0218.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"886"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"RESET restores run-time parameters to their default values. The default values are parameter default values complied in the postgresql.conf configuration file.RESET is an",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"RESET",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0219.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"887"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SET modifies a run-time parameter.Most run-time parameters can be modified by executing SET. Some parameters cannot be modified after a server or session starts.Set the s",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SET",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0220.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"888"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SET CONSTRAINTS sets the behavior of constraint checking within the current transaction.IMMEDIATE constraints are checked at the end of each statement. DEFERRED constrain",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SET CONSTRAINTS",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0221.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"889"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SET ROLE sets the current user identifier of the current session.Users of the current session must be members of specified rolename, but the system administrator can choo",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SET ROLE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0222.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"890"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sets the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current SQL session to a specified user.The session identifier can be ch",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0223.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"891"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SHOW shows the current value of a run-time parameter. You can use the SET statement to set these parameters.Some parameters that can be viewed by SHOW are read-only. You ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SHOW",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0224.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"892"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"TRUNCATE quickly removes all rows from a database table.It has the same effect as an unqualified DELETE on each table, but it is faster since it does not actually scan th",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"TRUNCATE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0225.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"893"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"VACUUM reclaims storage space occupied by tables or B-tree indexes. In normal database operation, rows that have been deleted or obsoleted by an update are not physically",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"VACUUM",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0226.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"804",
+		"code":"894"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DML Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0227.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"895"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to perform operations on data in database tables, such as inserting, updating, querying, or deleting data.Inserting data refers t",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DML Syntax Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0228.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"896"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"CALL calls defined functions or stored procedures.NoneschemaSpecifies the name of the schema where a function or stored procedure is located.Specifies the name of the sch",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CALL",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0229.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"897"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"COPY copies data between tables and files.COPY FROM copies data from a file to a table. COPY TO copies data from a table to a file.If CNs and DNs are enabled in security ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"COPY",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0230.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"898"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DELETE deletes rows that satisfy the WHERE clause from the specified table. If the WHERE clause does not exist, all rows in the table will be deleted. The result is a val",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DELETE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0231.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"899"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"EXPLAIN shows the execution plan of an SQL statement.The execution plan shows how the tables referenced by the SQL statement will be scanned, for example, by plain sequen",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"EXPLAIN",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0232.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"900"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"You can run the EXPLAIN PLAN statement to save the information about an execution plan to the PLAN_TABLE table. Different from the EXPLAIN statement, EXPLAIN PLAN only st",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"EXPLAIN PLAN",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0233.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"901"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"LOCK TABLE obtains a table-level lock.GaussDB(DWS) always tries to select the lock mode with minimum constraints when automatically requesting a lock for a command refere",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"LOCK",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0234.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"902"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The MERGE INTO statement is used to conditionally match data in a target table with that in a source table. If data matches, UPDATE is executed on the target table; if da",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"MERGE INTO",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0235.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"903"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"INSERT and UPSERT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0275.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"904"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"INSERT inserts new rows into a table.You must have the INSERT permission on a table in order to insert into it.Use of the RETURNING clause requires the SELECT permission ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"INSERT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0236.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"904",
+		"code":"905"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"UPSERT inserts rows into a table. When a row duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value, the row will be ignored or updated.The UPSERT syntax is supported onl",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UPSERT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0237.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"904",
+		"code":"906"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"UPDATE updates data in a table. UPDATE changes the values of the specified columns in all rows that satisfy the condition. The WHERE clause clarifies conditions. The colu",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"UPDATE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0240.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"907"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"VALUES computes a row or a set of rows based on given values. It is most commonly used to generate a constant table within a large command.VALUES lists with large numbers",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"VALUES",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0241.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"895",
+		"code":"908"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DCL Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0242.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"909"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data control language (DCL) is used to set or modify database users or role rights.GaussDB(DWS) provides a statement for granting rights to data objects and roles. For de",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DCL Syntax Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0243.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"910"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES allows you to set the permissions that will be used for objects to be created. It does not affect permissions assigned to existing objects.To iso",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0244.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"911"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ANALYZE collects statistics about ordinary tables in a database, and stores the results in the PG_STATISTIC system catalog. The execution plan generator uses these statis",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ANALYZE | ANALYSE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0245.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"912"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DEALLOCATE deallocates a previously prepared statement. If you do not explicitly deallocate a prepared statement, it is deallocated when the session ends.The PREPARE key ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DEALLOCATE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0246.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"913"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"DO executes an anonymous code block.A code block is a function body without parameters that returns void. It is analyzed and executed at the same time.Before using a prog",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DO",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0247.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"914"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"EXECUTE executes a prepared statement. A prepared statement only exists in the lifecycle of a session. Therefore, only prepared statements created using PREPARE earlier i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"EXECUTE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0248.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"915"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"EXECUTE DIRECT executes an SQL statement on a specified node. Generally, the cluster automatically allocates an SQL statement to proper nodes. EXECUTE DIRECT is mainly us",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"EXECUTE DIRECT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0249.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"916"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"GRANT grants permissions to roles and users.GRANT is used in the following scenarios:Granting system permissions to roles or usersSystem permissions are also called user ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GRANT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0250.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"917"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PREPARE creates a prepared statement.A prepared statement is a performance optimizing object on the server. When the PREPARE statement is executed, the specified query is",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PREPARE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0251.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"918"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"REASSIGN OWNED changes the owner of a database.REASSIGN OWNED requires that the system change owners of all the database objects owned by old_roles to new_role.REASSIGN O",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"REASSIGN OWNED",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0252.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"919"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"REVOKE revokes rights from one or more roles.If a non-owner user of an object attempts to REVOKE rights on the object, the command is executed based on the following rule",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"REVOKE",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0253.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"909",
+		"code":"920"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DQL Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0276.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"921"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Data Query Language (DQL) can obtain data from tables or views.GaussDB(DWS) provides statements for obtaining data from tables or views. For details, see SELECT.GaussDB(D",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"DQL Syntax Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0277.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"921",
+		"code":"922"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SELECT retrieves data from a table or view.Serving as an overlaid filter for a database table, SELECT using SQL keywords retrieves required data from data tables.Using SE",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SELECT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0238.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"921",
+		"code":"923"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SELECT INTO defines a new table based on a query result and insert data obtained by query to the new table.Different from SELECT, data found by SELECT INTO is not returne",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SELECT INTO",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0239.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"921",
+		"code":"924"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"TCL Syntax",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0254.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"925"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Transaction Control Language (TCL) controls the time and effect of database transactions and monitors the database.GaussDB(DWS) uses the COMMIT or END statement to commit",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"TCL Syntax Overview",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0255.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"926"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ABORT rolls back the current transaction and cancels the changes in the transaction.This command is equivalent to ROLLBACK, and is present only for historical reasons. No",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ABORT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0256.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"927"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"BEGIN may be used to initiate an anonymous block or a single transaction. This section describes the syntax of BEGIN used to initiate an anonymous block. For details abou",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"BEGIN",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0257.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"928"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"A checkpoint is a point in the transaction log sequence at which all data files have been updated to reflect the information in the log. All data files will be flushed to",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"CHECKPOINT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0258.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"929"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"COMMIT or END commits all operations of a transaction.Only the transaction creators or system administrators can run the COMMIT command. The creation and commit operation",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"COMMIT | END",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0259.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"930"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"COMMIT PREPARED commits a prepared two-phase transaction.The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter xc_maintenance_mode is on). Exercise cauti",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"COMMIT PREPARED",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0260.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"931"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"PREPARE TRANSACTION prepares the current transaction for two-phase commit.After this command, the transaction is no longer associated with the current session; instead, i",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"PREPARE TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0262.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"932"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SAVEPOINT establishes a new savepoint within the current transaction.A savepoint is a special mark inside a transaction that rolls back all commands that are executed aft",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SAVEPOINT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0263.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"933"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"SET TRANSACTION sets the characteristics of the current transaction. It has no effect on any subsequent transactions. Available transaction characteristics include the tr",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"SET TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0264.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"934"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"START TRANSACTION starts a transaction. If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, a new transaction will have those characteristics. You c",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"START TRANSACTION",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0265.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"935"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Rolls back the current transaction and backs out all updates in the transaction.ROLLBACK backs out of all changes that a transaction makes to a database if the transactio",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0266.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"936"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT destroys a savepoint previously defined in the current transaction.Destroying a savepoint makes it unavailable as a rollback point, but it has no other ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0267.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"937"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ROLLBACK PREPARED cancels a transaction ready for two-phase committing.The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter xc_maintenance_mode is on). ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK PREPARED",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0268.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"938"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT rolls back to a savepoint. It implicitly destroys all savepoints that were established after the named savepoint.Rolls back all commands that were e",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0269.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"925",
+		"code":"939"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GIN Indexes",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0270.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"686",
+		"code":"940"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Generalized Inverted Index (GIN) is designed for handling cases where the items to be indexed are composite values, and the queries to be handled by the index need to sea",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Introduction",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0271.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"940",
+		"code":"941"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"The GIN interface has a high level of abstraction, requiring the access method implementer only to implement the semantics of the data type being accessed. The GIN layer ",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Scalability",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0272.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"940",
+		"code":"942"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Internally, a GIN index contains a B-tree index constructed over keys, where each key is an element of one or more indexed items (a member of an array, for example) and w",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Implementation",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0273.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"940",
+		"code":"943"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"Create vs. InsertInsertion into a GIN index can be slow due to the likelihood of many keys being inserted for each item. So, for bulk insertions into a table, it is advis",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"GIN Tips and Tricks",
+		"uri":"dws_06_0274.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"940",
+		"code":"944"
+	},
+	{
+		"desc":"HUAWEI CLOUD Help Center presents technical documents to help you quickly get started with HUAWEI CLOUD services. The technical documents include Service Overview, Price Details, Purchase Guide, User Guide, API Reference, Best Practices, FAQs, and Videos.",
+		"product_code":"dws",
+		"title":"Change History",
+		"uri":"dws_04_3333.html",
+		"doc_type":"devg",
+		"p_code":"",
+		"code":"945"
+	}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/PARAMETERS.txt b/docs/dws/dev/PARAMETERS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6da8d5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/PARAMETERS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version=""
+language="en-us"
+type=""
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_01_0127.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_01_0127.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9681f16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_01_0127.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p316010150300">The DSC is a CLI tool running on the Linux or Windows OS. It is dedicated to providing customers with simple, fast, and reliable application SQL script migration services. It parses the SQL scripts of source database applications using the built-in syntax migration logic, and converts them to SQL scripts applicable to GaussDB(DWS) databases. You do not need to connect the DSC to a database. It can migrate data in offline mode without service interruption. In GaussDB(DWS), you can run the migrated SQL scripts to restore the database, thereby easily migrating offline databases to the cloud.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p8173195612411">The DSC can migrate SQL scripts of Teradata, Oracle, Netezza, MySQL, and DB2 databases.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_section1728325511316"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Downloading the DSC SQL Migration Tool</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_ol868111584130"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_li14681658161317"><span>Log in to the GaussDB(DWS) management console.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_li1068220583130"><span>In the navigation tree on the left, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001081821879_uicontrol1842851817810"><b>Connection Management</b></span>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_li1682145812134"><span>In the <span class="wintitle" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001081821879_wintitle17495719886"><b>Download Client and Driver</b></span> area, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001081821879_uicontrol1949551917818"><b>here</b></span> to download the DSC migration tool.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p668255812132">If you have clusters of different versions, the system displays a dialog box, prompting you to select the cluster version and download the client corresponding to the cluster version. In the cluster list on the <span class="wintitle" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001081821879_wintitle38209217615"><b>Cluster Management</b></span> page, click the name of the specified cluster and click the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001081821879_parmname1082042564"><b>Basic Information</b></span> tab to view the cluster version.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_fig1990923102215"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Downloading the tool</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_image1146921172210" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099602632.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p15720203711118"></p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_li2682758191314"><span>After downloading the DSC tool to the local PC, use WinSCP to upload it to a Linux host.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p156822585132">The user who uploads the tool must have the full control permission on the target directory of the Linux host.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_section72376514154"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Operation Guide for the DSC SQL Syntax Migration Tool</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__en-us_topic_0000001082831067_en-us_topic_0000001081821879_p723765121510">For details, see "DSC - SQL Syntax Migration Tool" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360933__i1968013441492">Data Warehouse Service Tool Guide</em>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0986.html">Full Database Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0001.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0001.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a251b98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894951"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894951"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Welcome</h1>
+<div id="body1546077570978"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0002.html">Target Readers</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0004.html">Reading Guide</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0005.html">Conventions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0006.html">Prerequisites</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0002.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0002.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4c59221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Target Readers</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__en-us_topic_0088617413_p76943719112">This document is intended for database designers, application developers, and database administrators, and provides information required for designing, building, querying and maintaining data warehouses.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__en-us_topic_0088617413_p475043342615">As a database administrator or application developer, you need to be familiar with:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__u7691c55cfe0541c89809a8115af66949"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__lc1b601053a1a458a8612e7051824dead">Knowledge about OSs, which is the basis for everything.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__l7397b98425d14b22b4a478ef883c0366">SQL syntax, which is the necessary skill for database operation.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__sfd0735c1ae3146aea494112583a06f13"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__a7fa7fab65b2145be9e9625ff874a16dc">When writing documents, the writers of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__text33426438492">GaussDB(DWS)</span> try their best to provide guidance from the perspective of commercial use, application scenarios, and task completion. Even so, references to PostgreSQL content may still exist in the document. For this type of content, the following PostgreSQL Copyright is applicable:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__af05ef527ea2e4d9ea88935c4f4dec964">Postgres-XC is Copyright &copy; 1996-2013  by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__a18917fc228ec43ba8cfceb4e3751dff7">PostgreSQL is Copyright &copy; 1996-2013  by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__en-us_topic_0088617413_p145955232323">Postgres95 is Copyright &copy; 1994-5  by the Regents of the University of California.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__a59df8aed2b0f4dbe9817856ee8c1288b">IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY  PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS  SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA  HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974562__en-us_topic_0088617413_p145951236322">THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,  INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE  PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF  CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT,  UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0001.html">Welcome</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0004.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0004.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Reading Guide</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p119421276243">If you are a new GaussDB(DWS) user, you are advised to read the following contents first:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_ul139423717245"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_li3156143819234">Sections describing the features, functions, and application scenarios of GaussDB(DWS).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_li1094219718241">"Getting Started": guides you through creating a data warehouse cluster, creating a database table, uploading data, and testing queries.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p0345056487">If you intend to or are migrating applications from other data warehouses to GaussDB(DWS), you might want to know how GaussDB(DWS) differs from them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p10942107112415">You can find useful information from the following table for GaussDB(DWS) database application development.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_table16151205121211" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row17549145161217"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p20549185117125"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_b842352706192044">If you want to...</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p65491751101210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_b842352706192052">Query Suggestions</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row7549205111219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p12549151201213">Quickly get started with GaussDB(DWS).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p105091621112310">Deploy a cluster, connect to the database, and perform some queries by following the instructions provided in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_ph1737544541218">"Getting Started" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__i17228514154417">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p85501351171216">When you are ready to construct a database, load data to tables and compile the query content to operate the data in the data warehouse. Then, you can return to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_i9533458173417">Data Warehouse Service Database Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row3550165121211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p175501351191218">Understand the internal architecture of a GaussDB(DWS) data warehouse.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p555155113127"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_ph45461726010">To know more about GaussDB(DWS), go to the GaussDB(DWS) home page.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row1255315113125"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p1755310518126">Learn how to design tables to achieve the excellent performance.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p13654111934611"><a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a> introduces the design specifications that should be complied with during the development of database applications. Modeling compliant with these specifications fits the distributed processing architecture of GaussDB(DWS) and provides efficient SQL code.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p1455345117122">To facilitate service execution through optimization, you can refer to <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a>. Successful performance optimization depends more on database administrators' experience and judgment than on instructions and explanation. However, <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a> still tries to systematically illustrate the performance optimization methods for application development personnel and new GaussDB(DWS) database administrators.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row175551251161211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p6555115111217">Load data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p20378116113412"><a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a> describes how to import data to GaussDB(DWS).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row355910512126"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p955914513126">Manage users, groups, and database security.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p8559105118127"><a href="dws_04_0043.html">Database Security Management</a> covers database security topics.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_row45594511129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p18559145110127">Monitor and optimize system performance.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p256014516125"><a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a> describes the system catalogs where you can query the database status and monitor the query content and process.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_p155601551151210">You can learn how to check the system running status and monitoring metrics on the GaussDB(DWS) console by referring to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__en-us_topic_0000001083105849_ph1969811553139">"Monitoring Clusters" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147429923__i1824418325215">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0001.html">Welcome</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0005.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0005.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Conventions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_section9768027811"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example Conventions</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_table2157164314264" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row1515734372611"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.02%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p9157184392620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_b842352706101436">Example</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.98%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p7157943142613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_b842352706101515">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row161578435261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.02%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__p2333102254119">dbadmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.98%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p121571043182612">Indicates the user operating and maintaining <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__text1286495126">GaussDB(DWS)</span> appointed when the cluster is created.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row151572043132614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.02%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__p1597114541063">8000</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.98%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1215713437261">Indicates the port number used by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__text467726869">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to monitor connection requests from the client.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p61571343122610">SQL examples in this manual are developed based on the TPC-DS model. Before you execute the examples, install the TPC-DS benchmark by following the instructions on the official website <a href="https://www.tpc.org/tpcds/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.tpc.org/tpcds/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_section13414619381"><h4 class="sectiontitle">SQL Syntax Text Conventions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p16961156174213">To better understand the syntax usage, you can refer to the SQL syntax text conventions described as follows: </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_table1779115272618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row147915214268"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p157916521264"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_b842352706102353">Format</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1279115211266"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_b842352706102356">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row157914526260"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p6791152112616">Uppercase characters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p187935220260">Indicates that keywords must be in uppercase.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row17791652172611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p079152192613">Lowercase characters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p167920523269">Indicates that parameters must be in lowercase.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row127965222619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p179205242615">[ ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p77945212264">Indicates that the items in brackets [] are optional.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row1879165219267"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p47975272620">...</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p3792052162619">Indicates that preceding elements can appear repeatedly. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row279145262617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p579115212613">[ x | y | ... ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1279175210267">Indicates that one item is selected from two or more options or no item is selected.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row379652132614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1879115211265">{ x | y | ... }</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1579052152616">Indicates that one item is selected from two or more options.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row47918525261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p379155242618">[x | y | ...  ] [ ... ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p27945212614">Indicates that multiple parameters or no parameter can be selected. If multiple parameters are selected, separate them with spaces. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row279195242615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p079752122611">[ x | y | ... ] [ ,... ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1779115212264">Indicates that multiple parameters or no parameter can be selected. If multiple parameters are selected, separate them with commas (,).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row1379152162615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p679175212265">{ x | y | ...  } [ ... ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p57945202616">Indicates that at least one parameter can be selected. If multiple parameters are selected, separate them with spaces.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_row1179552122618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.950000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p97925232619">{ x | y | ... } [ ,... ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975012__en-us_topic_0099576066_p1779152122615">Indicates that at least one parameter can be selected. If multiple parameters are selected, separate them with commas (,).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0001.html">Welcome</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0006.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0006.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Prerequisites</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_en-us_topic_0100008559_p13124746151715">Complete the following tasks before you perform operations described in this document:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_en-us_topic_0100008559_ul1012464615174"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_li12527112919326">Create a GaussDB(DWS) cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_en-us_topic_0100008559_li15124124631711">Install an SQL client.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_en-us_topic_0100008559_li17124164618170">Connect the SQL client to the default database of the cluster.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_p2011402915287">For details about the preceding tasks, see <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__en-us_topic_0000001098651172_ph199622047113013">"Getting Started" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100619984__i862311241434">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em></span>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0001.html">Welcome</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0007.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0007.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134502"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134502"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Overview</h1>
+<div id="body1494317364745"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134502__en-us_topic_0059777588_p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0011.html">Highly Reliable Transaction Processing</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0012.html">High Query Performance</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0015.html">Related Concepts</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0011.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0011.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Highly Reliable Transaction Processing</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_en-us_topic_0059777480_p18508125215341">GaussDB(DWS) manages cluster transactions, the basis of HA and failovers. This ensures speedy fault recovery, guarantees the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability (ACID) properties for transactions and after a recovery, and enables concurrent control.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_p5441259201918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_b199541448264">Fault Rectification</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_p4937102391917">GaussDB(DWS) provides an HA mechanism to reduce the service interruption time when a cluster is faulty. It protects key user programs to continuously provide external services, minimizing the impact of hardware, software, and human faults on services and ensuring service continuity.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_ul440554114403"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li12175320103418">Hardware HA: Disk RAID, switch stacking, NIC bond, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li6315165625313">Software HA: HA mechanism used for instances in the GaussDB(DWS) cluster, such as CNs, GTMs, and DNs)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_p184255367819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_b3425193617810">Transaction Management</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_ul134255361888"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li64258366818">Transaction blocks are supported. You can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_b16161854103419">start transaction</strong> to make the startup of a transaction block explicit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li94251636187">Single-statement transactions are supported. If you do not explicitly start a transaction, a single statement is processed as a transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li64257362813">Distributed transaction management and global transaction information management are supported. This includes gxid, snapshot, timestamp management, distributed transaction status management, and gxid overflow processing.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li94250366810">Distributed transactions have ACID properties.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147236333__en-us_topic_0000001098971038_li104253361985">Deadlocks are prevented in the distributed system. A transaction will be unlocked immediately after a deadlock (if any).</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0007.html">System Overview</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0012.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0012.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">High Query Performance</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_p17990103921210">The following <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> features help achieve high query performance.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_section15932442508"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Fully Parallel Query</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_p5165941205614">GaussDB(DWS) is an MPP system with the shared-nothing architecture. It consists of multiple independent logical nodes that do not share system resources, such as the CPU, memory, and storage units. In such a system architecture, service data is separately stored on numerous nodes. Data analysis tasks are executed in parallel on the nodes where data is stored. The massively parallel data processing significantly improves response speed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_p14997175420585">In addition, GaussDB(DWS) improves data query performance by executing operators in parallel, executing commands in registers in parallel, and using LLVM to dynamically compile the logical conditions of redundancy prune.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_section88161057145419"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Hybrid Row-Column Storage</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_en-us_topic_0059777898_a30aa33ed6061451c8ed22c26bbe46d34"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_ph196814173531">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports both the row and column storage models. You can choose a row- or column-store table as needed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_en-us_topic_0059777898_a60c95b61dafb4694913a80d682e31916">The hybrid row-column storage engine achieves higher data compression ratio (column storage), index performance (column storage), and point update and point query (row storage) performance.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_section12425115163819"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Compression in Column Storage</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_en-us_topic_0085033179_p1050313019230">You can compress old, inactive data to free up space, reducing procurement and O&amp;M costs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147041825__en-us_topic_0000001145651105_en-us_topic_0085033179_p9503123015234">In GaussDB(DWS), data can be compressed using the Delta Value Encoding, Dictionary, RLE, LZ4, and ZLIB algorithms. The system automatically selects a compression algorithm based on data characteristics. The average compression ratio is 7:1. Compressed data can be directly accessed and is transparent to services, greatly reducing the preparation time before accessing historical data.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0007.html">System Overview</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0015.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0015.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..084c2b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0015.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Related Concepts</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__s8eeb92bbb2c9474abec3131c2a3de9be"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Database</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__a0d56a1d8a499429ab5d27ebc7f8e169b">A database manages data objects and is isolated from other databases. While creating a database, you can specify a tablespace. If you do not specify it, database objects will be saved to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__b842352706142447">PG_DEFAULT</strong> by default. Objects managed by a database can be distributed to multiple tablespaces.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__en-us_topic_0093464731_en-us_topic_0059779238_s174b82ec22a94e478b49737f0bced1ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Instance</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__en-us_topic_0093464731_en-us_topic_0059779238_ad9aa75e070294dada1bb1426c733ac00">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__ph165411332142716">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, instances are a group of database processes running in the memory. An instance can manage one or more databases that form a cluster. A cluster is an area in the storage disk. This area is initialized during installation and composed of a directory. The directory, called data directory, stores all data and is created by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__b20745131862814">initdb</strong>. Theoretically, one server can start multiple instances on different ports, but <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__ph159118115292">GaussDB(DWS)</span> manages only one instance at a time. The start and stop of an instance rely on the specific data directory. For compatibility purposes, the concept of instance name may be introduced.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__sd02a43df183c4a5ebb95eb554ab910a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Tablespaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__a906223c1bcdb4005a529ff2b5401002d">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text1998133972">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, a tablespace is a directory storing physical files of the databases the tablespace contains. Multiple tablespaces can coexist. Files are physically isolated using tablespaces and managed by a file system.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__s9d3f5dfcecdf4bad99e5f9a2688e21a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">schema</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__a2d20c90fc0fe4ac5bc82f0009668ab60"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text169550254">GaussDB(DWS)</span> schemas logically separate databases. All database objects are created under certain schemas. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text1332219925">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, schemas and users are loosely bound. When you create a user, a schema with the same name as the user will be created automatically. You can also create a schema or specify another schema.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__s6b1917ec12c249d59233c11959b6db79"><h4 class="sectiontitle">User and Role</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__a400f976a3ed34940b5a45614ea2d4d60"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text1828369993">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses users and roles to control the access to databases. A role can be a database user or a group of database users, depending on role settings. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text1349326921">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, the difference between roles and users is that a role does not have the LOGIN permission by default. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text693192024">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, one user can have only one role, but you can put a user's role under a parent role to grant multiple permissions to the user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__s8302eda03d7b4255af235930410f3559"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Transaction Management</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__a0f7ae2dbc4e64f178f15d7721221bc08">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text484000412">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, transactions are managed by multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) and two-phase locking (2PL). It enables smooth data reads and writes. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text674838628">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, MVCC saves historical version data together with the current tuple version. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text796230309">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses the VACUUM process instead of rollback segments to routinely delete historical version data. Unless in performance optimization, you do not need to pay attention to the VACUUM process. Transactions are automatically submitted in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134964__text1176679149">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0007.html">System Overview</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0042.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0042.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0042.html
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL</h1>
+<div id="body1592275924795"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p209404167533"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__text1336221157">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is compatible with Oracle, Teradata and MySQL syntax, of which the syntax behavior is different.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__table230618257361" width="100%" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Compatibility differences</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row16306172513612"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p459013153373">Compatibility Item</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p5307102514362">Oracle</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1862122742011">Teradata</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p590421182015">MySQL</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row11307152517361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p230732543614">Empty string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p12695932142314">An empty string is treated as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1279457112516">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p182181744102117">An empty string is distinguished from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b12508152152610">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p10996544162113">An empty string is distinguished from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b11750912614">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row1930812518362"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p163087257366">Conversion of an empty string to a number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p230812513614">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1778914716212">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p16550048172117">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row1782911386376"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p38301438183717">Automatic truncation of overlong characters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1783013816372">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p7621132782017">Supported (set GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1497572115116">td_compatible_truncation</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b7372162519114">ON</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p790112172012">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row9188121173115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1446816521433">NULL concatenation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1989491612265">Returns a non-NULL object after combining a non-NULL object with NULL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p54687521033">For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b13566821947">'abc'||NULL</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b3573321548">'abc'</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p8978183226">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b15538192411417">strict_text_concat_td</strong> option is added to the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1153822417413">behavior_compat_options</strong> to be compatible with the Teradata behavior. After the NULL type is concatenated, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b253932419412">NULL</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p29791882215">For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b166693268413">'abc'||NULL</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b5669226948">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p562514224223">Is compatible with MySQL behavior. After the NULL type is concatenated, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b20533857618">NULL</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p162532210221">For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b71467968">'abc'||NULL</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b111527862">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row118912114319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p378817330148">Concatenation of the char(n) type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p42003142268">Removes spaces and placeholders on the right when the char(n) type is concatenated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p167881633131416">For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b952852015818">cast('a' as char(3))||'b'</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b55341720187">'ab'</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p4641102616227">After the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b32220220815">bpchar_text_without_rtrim</strong> option is added to the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b2222522887">behavior_compat_options</strong>, when the char(n) type is concatenated, spaces are reserved and supplemented to the specified length <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__i3223222489">n</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p14924174414396">Currently, ignoring spaces at the end of a string for comparison is not supported. If the concatenated string contains spaces at the end, the comparison is space-sensitive.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p96411826102211">For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b19911841121017">cast('a' as char(3))||'b'</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1697144111011">'a  b'</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p117721629132212">Removes spaces and placeholders on the right.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row522617415294"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p34894238291">concat(str1,str2)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p94901234296">Returns the concatenation of all non-NULL strings.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p5490142382913">Returns the concatenation of all non-NULL strings.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p18490152362916">If an input parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1519535618234">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b519605682315">NULL</strong> is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row116364823716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p48458194111">left and right processing of negative values</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p38175816412">Returns all characters except the first and last |n| characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p189155820417">Returns all characters except the first and last |n| characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p189195874119">Returns an empty string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row6644171423720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1039016269424">lpad(string text, length int [, fill text])</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p163906262428">rpad(string text, length int [, fill text])</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p439122617426">Fills up the string to the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b646115222511">length</strong> by appending the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b19756428112113">fill</strong> characters (a space by default). If the string is already longer than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b56213642212">length</strong> then it is truncated (on the right). If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b183734872718">fill</strong> is an empty string or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b1055451315272">length</strong> is a negative number, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b14813737162719">null</strong> is returned.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1139117261424">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b10553124312271">fill</strong> is an empty string and the string length is less than the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b16248151318518">length</strong>, the original string is returned. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b02105313513">length</strong> is a negative number, an empty string is returned.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p16391182612429">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b5415183272811">fill</strong> is an empty string and the string length is less than the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b13416632132818">length</strong>, an empty string is returned. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b2041693262810">length</strong> is a negative number, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b14171032162813">null</strong> is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row9598103523714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1886474764213">log(x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p17864164764213">Returns the logarithm with 10 as the base.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p8865124714427">Returns the logarithm with 10 as the base.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p158651347184215">Returns the natural logarithm.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row989941743814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p13900151753810">mod(x, 0)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p79001817123812">Returns x if the divisor is 0.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p139008177384">Returns x if the divisor is 0.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p16900217193812">Reports an error if the divisor is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row259813350378"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1584417264432">Data type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b0663101110319">DATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p58448268431">Converts the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b102710717297">DATE</strong> data type to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b17702134523715">TIMESTAMP</strong> data type which stores year, month, day, hour, minute, and second values.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p5844182613433">Stores year and month values.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p484411268435">Stores year and month values.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row91551941152814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p17667211164418">to_char(date)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p866721111449">The maximum value of the input parameter can only be the maximum value of the timestamp type. The maximum value of the date type is not supported. The return value is of the timestamp type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p56671811134413">The maximum value of the input parameter can only be the maximum value of the timestamp type. The maximum value of the date type is not supported. The return value is of the date type in YYYY/MM/DD format. (The GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b135511419175410">convert_empty_str_to_null_td</strong> is enabled.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p14667111154410">The maximum value of the input parameter can only be the maximum value of the timestamp type. The maximum value of the date type is not supported. The return value is of the date type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row13663154611437"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p3305125694318">to_date, to_timestamp, and to_number processing of empty strings</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p93051856104312">Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b17559142614513">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1430610563439">Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b3119631125218">NULL</strong>. (The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b46111375318">convert_empty_str_to_null_td</strong> parameter is enabled.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p20306456114313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b137501734153312">to_date</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b875643416332">to_timestamp</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b3757113416339">NULL</strong>. If the parameter passed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b18757183412333">to_number</strong> is an empty string, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__b197571434153317">0</strong> is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row1171832863914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p971962812393">Return value types of last_day and next_day</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p13719182814399">Returns values of the timestamp type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p2719228173918">Returns values of the timestamp type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p127191628123916">Returns values of the date type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row6234141014385"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1223451010386">Return value type of add_months</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p112341710123810">Returns values of the timestamp type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p623512108386">Returns values of the timestamp type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p92351410143814">If the input parameter is of the date type, the return value is of the date type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p13244151783910">If the input parameter is of the timestamp type, the return value is of the timestamp type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p948214349390">If the input parameter is of the timestamptz type, the return value is of the timestamptz type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row94321953124420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p144751003455">CURRENT_TIME</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1447613074513">CURRENT_TIME(p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1247613018451">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timetz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p647613014511">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timetz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p174764054516">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row1736081718392"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p16361517133913">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p6920349174813">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p11361417153920">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamptz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p19361217153913">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamptz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p136113175394">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamp.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row154861311114010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p44861011184011">LOCALTIME</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p10145919174913">LOCALTIME(p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p6486111104011">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is time.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p184861711134017">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is time.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1748713118408">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row926632615401"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1926642644013">LOCALTIMESTAMP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p16443192794911">LOCALTIMESTAMP(p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p5266132614018">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timestamp.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p926612611408">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timestamp.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p112668266403">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamp.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row35423371409"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p95421737184018">SYSDATE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p01741538134917">SYSDATE(p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p4542163774016">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamp(0).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1654243719407">Obtains the execution time of the current statement. The return value type is timestamp(0).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p55421372407">Obtains the current system time. The return value type is timestamp(0).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row06861885201"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p868748162016">NOW()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p12687085203">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timestamptz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p568708152011">Obtains the time of the current transaction. The return value type is timestamptz.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p9687181204">Obtains the statement execution time. The return value type is timestamptz.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row20538528192719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p34802054142716">Operator ^</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1048035412279">Performs exponentiation.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p54815544271">Performs exponentiation.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p1848115549278">Performs the exclusive OR operation.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__row3539122872710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p185844620281">Different input parameter types of CASE, COALESCE, IF, and IFNULL expressions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p195848615283">Reports error.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p65848632820">Is compatible with behavior of Teradata and supports type conversion between digits and strings. For example, if input parameters for COALESCE are of INT and VARCHAR types, the parameters are resolved as VARCHAR type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135060__p105843612814">Is compatible with behavior of MySQL and supports type conversion between strings and other types. For example, if input parameters for COALESCE are of DATE, INT, and VARCHAR types, the parameters are resolved as VARCHAR type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814874"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814874"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Database Security Management</h1>
+<div id="body1494318882616"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814874__en-us_topic_0059778204_p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0994.html">Sensitive Data Management</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0053.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0053.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f682daaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0053.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134534"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134534"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Managing Users and Their Permissions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0054.html">Default Permission Mechanism</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0055.html">System Administrator</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0056.html">Separation of Permissions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0057.html">Users</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0058.html">Roles</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0059.html">Schema</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0060.html">User Permission Setting</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0063.html">Setting Security Policies</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0043.html">Database Security Management</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0054.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0054.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0a13347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0054.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Default Permission Mechanism</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__p101295419267">A user who creates an object is the owner of this object. By default, <a href="dws_04_0056.html">Separation of Permissions</a> is disabled after cluster installation. A database system administrator has the same permissions as object owners. After an object is created, only the object owner or system administrator can query, modify, and delete the object, and grant permissions for the object to other users through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b9556629162810">GRANT</strong> by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__a45227246018148928ad6033926a11b30">To enable another user to use the object, grant required permissions to the user or the role that contains the user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__aacde223903c84a3b9173c934213a0dfd"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__text53201100">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports the following permissions: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1426917214249">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b92697210246">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1426913215245">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1527017252412">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b22702232415">TRUNCATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b627014282413">REFERENCES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1027114232419">CREATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b15271122112419">CONNECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1627112212247">EXECUTE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1727182162418">USAGE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b12721824243">ANALYZE</strong>|<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b62721328241">ANALYSE</strong>. Permission types are associated with object types. For permission details, see GRANT.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__a3188c787c3ae4532a0b24724dce9cb59">To remove permissions, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b12974172515288">REVOKE</strong>. Object owner permissions such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b49241749144815">ALTER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b20924164974812">DROP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b2924849114818">GRANT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__b1692534924819">REVOKE</strong> are implicit and cannot be granted or revoked. That is, you have the implicit permissions for an object if you are the owner of the object. Object owners can remove their own common permissions, for example, making tables read-only to themselves or others.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__en-us_topic_0155088780_p848218311083">System catalogs and views are visible to either system administrators or all users. System catalogs and views that require system administrator permissions can be queried only by system administrators. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134980__p1995746192320">The database provides the object isolation feature. If this feature is enabled, users can view only the objects (tables, views, columns, and functions) that they have the permission to access. System administrators are not affected by this feature. For details, see ALTER DATABASE.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0055.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0055.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5b21c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0055.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Administrator</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__ad3bd501facb54ec7b5b5e235ef6a398e">A system administrator is an account with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b1722631173520">SYSADMIN</strong> permission. After a cluster is installed, a system administrator has the permissions of all object owners by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__a8d3593bc99c94fa0a26216922d49b221">The user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b132202910109">dbadmin</strong> created upon <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__text262436061">GaussDB(DWS)</span> startup is a system administrator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__a4910b68a0fc641e580c5934575c0dcc7">To create a database administrator, connect to the database as an administrator and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b11170121161">CREATE USER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b195017611612">ALTER</strong> statement with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b7373144774718">SYSADMIN</strong> specified.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__s675f356958a54cd7b8454ffd3f38fbcd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__en-us_topic_0155088780_p163516014463">Alternatively, you can run the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__s0ee463ee27f54d56abed1ee963c62a63"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__en-us_topic_0155088780_p135187482336">To run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814672__b186389213493">ALTER USER</strong> statement, the user must exist.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0056.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0056.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef665f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0056.html
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Separation of Permissions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p95493571544">Descriptions in <a href="dws_04_0054.html">Default Permission Mechanism</a> and <a href="dws_04_0055.html">System Administrator</a> are about the initial situation after a cluster is created. By default, a system administrator with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b8991101745716">SYSADMIN</strong> attribute has the highest-level permissions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__p1079615584920">To avoid risks caused by centralized permissions, you can enable the separation of permissions to delegate system administrator permissions to security administrators and audit administrators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ae9142f9f7e4e44c6941fd44ebf5bb07c">After the separation of permissions is enabled, a system administrator does not have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b55698114215">CREATEROLE</strong> attribute (security administrator) and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b176613291721">AUDITADMIN</strong> attribute (audit administrator). That is, you do not have the permissions for creating roles and users and the permissions for viewing and maintaining database audit logs. For details about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b23741358537">CREATEROLE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b12251023419">AUDITADMIN</strong> attributes, see CREATE ROLE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ac3a31d30ead245b3a6212afdd01648e1">After the separation of permissions is enabled, system administrators have the permissions only for the objects owned by them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p8911681181">For details, see <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__p95bb29a00b3e49a0b8c6f70a928bb395"><a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/en-us/usermanual/dws/dws_01_0074.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Separating Rights of Roles</a></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ad4edaf2313ee4688b4a73a3332ecdca3">For details about permission changes before and after enabling the separation of permissions, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__t377aae74ee254f66940189b3ceb10d30">Table 1</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__tb9d5b7413f2e49d2ba8a2827adf7aefb">Table 2</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__t377aae74ee254f66940189b3ceb10d30"></a><a name="t377aae74ee254f66940189b3ceb10d30"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__t377aae74ee254f66940189b3ceb10d30" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Default user permissions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ra4a9e194d1804f2ca38bc53fd81ad0e6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.624458133698381%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ae644fa8a39c74dfba10653d3f52fffdf">Object</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.298653890029662%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a0d38fcec04c54ad0aff2e058a799c083">System Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.488250057038556%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p19645171183">Security Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13461099703399%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p5645127180">Audit Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.454026922199404%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ac6c067ac1f324eed99dbeac6f774deee">Common User</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__rd7421ebb5e3d4539b5ecc06cf96b79c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ab59c377dfaa246dc965f03d0b138af31">Tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a8b7b27cb9f7d421f88020e025080592e">Can create, modify, delete, access, and allocate tablespaces.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a6611e4a1799546629071312ffd2f148f">Cannot create, modify, delete, or allocate tablespaces, with authorization required for accessing tablespaces.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__rd7b9a92ccdb944f3ad164f0c94c32979"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a2411d6780e6e4d219e5869b97f879106">Table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ae0071426cacf4b31944133864c758163">Has permissions for all tables.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a943e2f77d0c34468be8f4b375f189f37">Has permissions for its own tables, but does not have permissions for other users' tables.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__rd604edf2ad8c4777b4dfcda73ec8d105"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a635b8436f6724bf8b678961e508d298b">Index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a6333398e9cea401fbea609ae23fcccf2">Can create indexes on all tables.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a4c5652a1b2054e67841a751dfef0b982">Can create indexes on their own tables.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r2e24f47108534503acb43c2dc463d04d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ac918054419f94ec48bb683e1777f7f8f">Schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a25f51af6ae4441549bdfb7ae70b134d7">Has permissions for all schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__af8e5211367484cdda663860647568bf5">Has all permissions for its own schemas, but does not have permissions for other users' schemas.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r4d48f082ad8b4ca38d5978cd13fc4989"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a6dc9185b2a964cf4bc26739c19d2f500">Function</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__afadff89c511f4e7c9e84c23557fcaa61">Has permissions for all functions.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a2b0952f406f54df0a45485cd82a19962">Has permissions for its own functions, has the call permission for other users' functions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b946447163213">public</strong> schema, but does not have permissions for other users' functions in other schemas.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r5dbf64faa9ec44bf8c06ed1916133693"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a2f8c64f0513e47b7879bf879e6d01909">Customized view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__af850ef747f6a40d588aee4c9d8e5df54">Has permissions for all views.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a102d373d86564c628e883166e22282ba">Has permissions for its own views, but does not have permissions for other users' views.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r15516b1bcdd34640af32bb80dda2c959"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a87ab42f43cdf404a8e8c3fc515930d2e">System catalog and system view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a94faeb4a62ab47f38459de46476874cc">Has permissions for querying all system catalogs and views.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.7.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p1560817126">Has permissions for querying only some system catalogs and views. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__tb9d5b7413f2e49d2ba8a2827adf7aefb"></a><a name="tb9d5b7413f2e49d2ba8a2827adf7aefb"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__tb9d5b7413f2e49d2ba8a2827adf7aefb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Changes in permissions after the separation of permissions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r0ba36be02a39401e9a16e828c9073205"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.551613641565575%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ac37f2114a7654e7596beec5b35fb6ef6">Object</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.26161593041886%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a1e1c0c470fc54388ad345ae06c32dc83">System Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.631723506523231%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a9fbac4d96986474c8af4b5b1107a3090">Security Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.906385900663766%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a1429f3b415754faca51de26dd18eed78">Audit Administrator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.648661020828566%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__afce8fbd4f15f405aac0395b422c0ae7c">Common User</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r2aa262bbaad84ba9b25b644d1664af9d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ad21add670b6047a4844112bf19888ddc">Tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a263041127e234f6ebe48a5e68da183e2">No change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p215311129190">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r9c3400c7c2194282bda506a389337100"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a2915f779172549d2b2412c8b3655ce7d">Table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ae17f4508c4f54039b98e0131913b2411">Permissions reduced</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a86c906bc6b534504bcacb6d0db6b119c">Has all permissions for its own tables, but does not have permissions for other users' tables in their schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a97933a733689486a87d0ece915075fd9">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__rceea62b467a943dab5e8a566880fdc3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a398aa3789f164ae6b40fc668eb75950c">Index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ace3f097ba5584f96933fb08a833b9d59">Permissions reduced</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__aceb0d60a995244388d0247ed662fbdf0">Can create indexes on its own tables.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a056c1867a284426aafdb55f1541aa8cb">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r0311ff690378498fae9690a180e75ce7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a9e1503036d0f456a89db66983970f6f0">Schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a6d46a1c6b13b426a8ad8951613eca749">Permissions reduced</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a52f9169c68644a5daa351ba3bf552bd7">Has all permissions for its own schemas, but does not have permissions for other users' schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p169698533193">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r97f481387f6a4439bd563003b7976762"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a4f11ecd8c2b6423e90c692cf0d3fc106">Function</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__ab6020be49d964eb7b378795da703fcef">Permissions reduced</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a461bf1d3d0934f1985ca4147b639dd87">Has all permissions for its own functions, but does not have permissions for other users' functions in their schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p740614192018">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r31d6a5456c7548b7a4e9a93696bb67cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a0c296fcbc7764fad84328ce65a89a3d2">Customized view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__en-us_topic_0155089861_p23393350179">Permissions reduced</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__aa3c8b10e790d40cfa2d5d523c9664bb4">Has all permissions for its own views and other users' views in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__b1315141805918">public</strong> schema, but does not have permissions for other users' views in their schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="3" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__afdcff5d80c244fcd827bc84399cd0fb4">No change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__r9318436727da41ecba15a19ea95cc8ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.551613641565575%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a310bcdfb7d0849c99ab20e887f916db2">System catalog and system view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.26161593041886%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__aacbc5ab711dd46f4b02b66e6b259fbc1">No change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.631723506523231%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a5b86cef2ac44455fa4309e7f5f9659f4">No change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.906385900663766%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a1063bfc0f8324eb2b214e1e18c564e76">No change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.648661020828566%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654800__a09c455cf8cad4eb6b2c948a2cf6fd12a">Has no permission for viewing any system catalogs or views.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0057.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0057.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0e680cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0057.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Users</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__ab211f1190a3a49f1ae26d391cf4c820a">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b1286263181411">CREATE USER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b195831715146">ALTER USER</strong> to create and manage database users, respectively. The database cluster has one or more named databases. Users and roles are shared within the entire cluster, but their data is not shared. That is, a user can connect to any database, but after the connection is successful, any user can access only the database declared in the connection request.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__a566124869f49472780199b06c42415d7">In non-<a href="dws_04_0056.html">separation-of-duty</a> scenarios, a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__text249229464">GaussDB(DWS)</span> user account can be created and deleted only by a system administrator or a security administrator with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__en-us_topic_0157416672_b54441931101611">CREATEROLE</strong> attribute. In separation-of-duty scenarios, a user account can be created only by a security administrator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__en-us_topic_0155089862_p967512110275">When a user logs in, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__text861939956">GaussDB(DWS)</span> authenticates the user. A user can own databases and database objects (such as tables), and grant permissions of these objects to other users and roles. In addition to system administrators, users with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b172454016209">CREATEDB</strong> attribute can create databases and grant permissions to these databases.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__s5a76876c562240bb9a03705a6487337f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Users</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__u4bfa4d1112af43318dd434b9cfffcbf0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__l2049a7122c434a029455124ffc1fd627">To create a user, use the SQL CREATE USER statement.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__a9f9301016ac84e0ab3c1e6236a4c1198"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__l2049a7122c434a029455124ffc1fd627"></a><a name="l2049a7122c434a029455124ffc1fd627"></a>For example, create a user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b11967125692018">joe</strong> and set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b280419111218">CREATEDB</strong> attribute for the user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__s892d131194b3404fa2acfc6472700f9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__lccbf77bee88541569c5e40005095843d">To create a system administrator, use the CREATE USER statement with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b1478612392112">SYSADMIN</strong> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__ldd3060b2c4914b6a82e6696cb970c61f">To delete an existing user, use the DROP USER statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__l0d85d2fc5c794bc4b83988b683ea8267">To change a user account (for example, rename the user or change the password), use the ALTER USER statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__en-us_topic_0155089862_li69266599132">To view a user list, query the <a href="dws_04_0791.html">PG_USER</a> view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__sc2a210ac740e4d19bd710d40d9496405"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__l46bd6ed365544771a90386e90a1f5c31">To view user attributes, query the system catalog <a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__s5d4870c3957d4590a2bdfd86247e801f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_authid</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__section12234116194510"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Private Users</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__p27831729154519">If multiple service departments use different database user accounts to perform service operations and a database maintenance department at the same level uses database administrator accounts to perform maintenance operations, service departments may require that database administrators, without specific authorization, can manage (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b2861135378">DROP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b18121314377">ALTER</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b27847201375">TRUNCATE</strong>) their data but cannot access (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b283111351272">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b209979439718">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b203235217713">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b81458561971">SELECT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b1517715510817">COPY</strong>) the data. That is, the management permissions of database administrators for tables need to be isolated from their access permissions to improve the data security of common users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__p93879318541">In <a href="dws_04_0056.html">Separation of Permissions</a> mode, a database administrator does not have permissions for the tables in schemas of other users. In this case, database administrators have neither management permissions nor access permissions, which does not meet the requirements of the service departments mentioned above. Therefore, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__text1006556763">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides private users to solve the problem. That is, create private users with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b45047117216">INDEPENDENT</strong> attribute in non-separation-of-duties mode.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__screen89147321833"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_independent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__p14363122319413">Database administrators can manage (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b66215232236">DROP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b63414253235">ALTER</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b19965152618239">TRUNCATE</strong>) objects of private users but cannot access (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b1120123314246">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b1219413384247">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b178731641172414">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b79794513240">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b12131448202414">COPY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b3130185152415">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b62591354192411">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894533__b669210552516">ALTER OWNER</strong> the objects before being authorized.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0058.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0058.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01883662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0058.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Roles</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__a0e365e8ec5b84a899bf1a6438fd40b32">A role is a set of permissions. After a role is granted to a user through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b35816143266">GRANT</strong>, the user will have all the permissions of the role. It is recommended that roles be used to efficiently grant permissions. For example, you can create different roles of design, development, and maintenance personnel, grant the roles to users, and then grant specific data permissions required by different users. When permissions are granted or revoked at the role level, these changes take effect on all members of the role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__p1682774412408"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__text1007343817">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides an implicitly defined group <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b223948121718">PUBLIC</strong> that contains all roles. By default, all new users and roles have the permissions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b64610281810">PUBLIC</strong>. For details about the default permissions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b194027579186">PUBLIC</strong>, see GRANT. To revoke permissions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b82749347208">PUBLIC</strong> from a user or role, or re-grant these permissions to them, add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b933413162120">PUBLIC</strong> keyword in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b8673195982114">REVOKE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b1330712567215">GRANT</strong> statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__af29398cff1464bd1ba13906817e39c79">To view all roles, query the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b144855413292">PG_ROLES</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__sd4f5e25ffae840afadfe668712024ec2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_ROLES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__se88a9cf3a28945eaae15369d7ace068d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Roles</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__en-us_topic_0155089863_p191418216455">In non-<a href="dws_04_0056.html">separation-of-duty</a> scenarios, a role can be created, modified, and deleted only by a system administrator or a user with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b17735165223014">CREATEROLE</strong> attribute. In separation-of-duty scenarios, a role can be created, modified, and deleted only by a user with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b255329153219">CREATEROLE</strong> attribute.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__en-us_topic_0155089863_ul6897143531"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__l48433d332d8c4a63ab8bccfb9ed7e7e7">To create a role, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b454185923013">CREATE ROLE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__l3f05a2ec584544ceacea89d45ad143d1">To add or delete users in an existing role, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b18945163313717">ALTER ROLE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__l5936019333fb45c88778ced832eaf0aa">To delete a role, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b1991491375">DROP ROLE</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974514__b9835211173319">DROP ROLE</strong> deletes only a role, rather than member users in the role.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0059.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0059.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afbf34f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0059.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Schema</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__a6213d09d1ceb4fcdbb4713aa5eac0bc0">Schemas function as models. Schema management allows multiple users to use the same database without mutual impacts, to organize database objects as manageable logical groups, and to add third-party applications to the same schema without causing conflicts.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__af9fc01f07d9c452e8ec701ab0779911a">Each database has one or more schemas. Each schema contains tables and other types of objects. When a database is created, a schema named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b050234019431">public</strong> is created by default, and all users have permissions for this schema. You can group database objects by schema. A schema is similar to an OS directory but cannot be nested.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__ad688620dd190447280515535bc37fe6e">The same database object name can be used in different schemas of the same database without causing conflicts. For example, both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b1512010402459">a_schema</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b112811842154510">b_schema</strong> can contain a table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b979665724519">mytable</strong>. Users with required permissions can access objects across multiple schemas of the same database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__aa8ec337a2a1741718cfbde0e195582ff">If a user is created, a schema named after the user will also be created in the current database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__a4e09fc2cca2e4804823edb42e2e728ab">Database objects are generally created in the first schema in a database search path. For details about the first schema and how to change the schema order, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s54bcf3a1631c42058bbbe25df4b8523b">Search Path</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__sb4d9c2e675ab4e8d9d57f896c9e4823e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating, Modifying, and Deleting Schemas</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__u715e78514c8942b9b47a132292c687ea"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__lcdbbd3e6b4b34adb9f1c4ae8b32272e5">To create a schema, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b02741451784">CREATE SCHEMA</strong>. Any user can create a schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__lbd8983740cec41f0ac03ec4fc2681dd5">To change the name or owner of a schema, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b41468184811">ALTER SCHEMA</strong>. Only the schema owner can do so.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__l0935434e5be94f74b874d80ba28517a7">To delete a schema and its objects, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b1528412271684">DROP SCHEMA</strong>. Only the schema owner can do so.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__l9e8c3ba62b5e4f98a00dca8bb19144fc">To create a table in a schema, use the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__i8878171810501">schema_name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b18592112145013">.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__i19041523175019">table_name</em> format to specify the table. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__i206971627115015">schema_name</em> is not specified, the table will be created in the first schema in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s54bcf3a1631c42058bbbe25df4b8523b">Search Path</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__l7f2438b17b424139bf02c49f7e947597">To view the owner of a schema, perform the following join query on the system catalogs <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b263316289512">PG_NAMESPACE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b1569503118513">PG_USER</strong>. Replace <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__i9401135125110">schema_name</em> in the statement with the name of the schema to be queried.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s0986197b2f4e4d5ea8265f4930ed218e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nspowner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'schema_name'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspowner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usesysid</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__lecaae9ea66d64072b1ab715073698836">To view a list of all schemas, query the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b181191213165214">PG_NAMESPACE</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s940ec357a54f4cb7b89d609e8408fe7c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__l22931b8d595944e0a42a778fd3c64b37">To view a list of tables in a schema, query the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b771110805316">PG_TABLES</strong>. For example, the following query will return a table list from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b7110851105312">PG_CATALOG</strong> in the schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s9de64766691d4cbbab0d430b3242d618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">schemaname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_tables</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">schemaname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pg_catalog'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s54bcf3a1631c42058bbbe25df4b8523b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s54bcf3a1631c42058bbbe25df4b8523b"></a><a name="s54bcf3a1631c42058bbbe25df4b8523b"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Search Path</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0156599225_p331913481347">A search path is defined in the <a href="dws_04_0925.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sc0cb61109de045049d5802f668be2392">search_path</a> parameter. The parameter value is a list of schema names separated by commas (,). If no target schema is specified during object creation, the object will be added to the first schema listed in the search path. If there are objects with the same name across different schemas and no schema is specified for an object query, the object will be returned from the first schema containing the object in the search path.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__u642fe49bc8c248128bac1e22fcbd9b91"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0156599225_li86784213224">To view the current search path, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b119943341284">SHOW</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__sf1f71b75227f4932bf93778630cf4336"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEARCH_PATH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">search_path</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;$user&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0156599225_p118434120229">The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b7983546315">search_path</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b23471421625">"$user",public</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b13918851126">$user</strong> indicates the name of the schema with the same name as the current session user. If the schema does not exist, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b76691039123">$user</strong> will be ignored. By default, after a user connects to a database that has schemas with the same name, objects will be added to all the schemas. If there are no such schemas, objects will be added to only to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b13819232547">public</strong> schema.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__l82eda2461e1147e29a22769cbfcf295d">To change the default schema of the current session, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__b65015461948">SET</strong> statement.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__a59279eef391a4566b8877de9a9b478f0">Run the following command to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0058967624_b842352706111029">search_path</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0058967624_b842352706111038">myschema</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0058967624_b842352706111041">public</strong> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__en-us_topic_0058967624_b842352706111047">myschema</strong> will be searched first):<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495017__s8a42b7c88f2a4805860be27977bacc7e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEARCH_PATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myschema</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0060.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0060.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6c6ffb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0060.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">User Permission Setting</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__u4d00d0b1312f4bfd98f628d76c4c33a3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__l0652cc2f872540b39dadf06043ecd992">To grant the permission for an object directly to a user, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b2026814461488">GRANT</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__a628135a5c5974571b0acd1fc59b4de58">When permissions for a table or view in a schema are granted to a user or role, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b115195191411">USAGE</strong> permission of the schema must be granted together. Otherwise, the user or role can only see the names of the objects but cannot actually access them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__adb9ddeb1b84f4d24b84aa542852162b0">In the following example, permissions for the schema <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b10238359161511">tpcds</strong> are first granted to the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b86639991616">joe</strong>, and then the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b77501819161">SELECT</strong> permission for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b1975842910164"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__en-us_topic_0155089864_text916711817457">tpcds.</span>web_returns</strong> table is also granted.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__s64816eb39e7440668aa6957718ad1d76"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__l456bbf1fee3d4d1594d2a45d51fbc90c">Granting a role to a user allows the user to inherit the object permissions of the role.<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__oc749dfc1add84852a2272ede7caf28fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__la5bcc4c1d76c44c9bdad099c54b7df24">Create a role.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__af2ea164a79aa4220b190dd94db0c543f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__la5bcc4c1d76c44c9bdad099c54b7df24"></a><a name="la5bcc4c1d76c44c9bdad099c54b7df24"></a>Create a role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b1293453148">lily</strong> and grant the system permission <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b17938501410">CREATEDB</strong> to the role.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__s7856d481d99443708d10dd2956f4b065"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lily</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__l2ece061b2def4d5783e71606c8e98e06">To grant object permissions to a role, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b16331297146">GRANT</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__a512f878317184178a38a66c02f46812e">For example, first grant permissions for the schema <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b5229542111814">tpcds</strong> to the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b677974919188">lily</strong>, and then grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b04261018191">SELECT</strong> permission of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b854820851917"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__en-us_topic_0155089864_text3802194554914">tpcds.</span>web_returns</strong> table to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b1382561431919">lily</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__sfd7c911cc86147dcadd1c3f050bf3903"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lily</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lily</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__l2e777a3c72944fc59c31f79ba64a9d73">Grant the role permissions to a user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__s38cacaf50cc148a6931e151f65e35cbc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lily</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__n7fa9e5c9d25c4fef93a37a193a2c2690"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__abaeb9b5718604f858d9766e7114c9d72">When the permissions of a role are granted to a user, the attributes of the role are not transferred together.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__l32faea1ba7b94871b9444985207b1771">To revoke user permissions, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494829__b12493771397">REVOKE</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0061.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0061.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28f1ee91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0061.html
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Row-Level Access Control</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392207"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__p1873119554919">The row-level access control feature enables database access control to be accurate to each row of data tables. In this way, the same SQL query may return different results for different users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__p7731353497">You can create a row-level access control policy for a data table. The policy defines an expression that takes effect only for specific database users and SQL operations. When a database user accesses the data table, if a SQL statement meets the specified row-level access control policies of the data table, the expressions that meet the specified condition will be combined by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b1515912910316">AND</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b18655812935">OR</strong> based on the attribute type (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b0452172816312">PERMISSIVE</strong> | <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b1581013314319">RESTRICTIVE</strong>) and applied to the execution plan in the query optimization phase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__p17317514916">Row-level access control is used to control the visibility of row-level data in tables. By predefining filters for data tables, the expressions that meet the specified condition can be applied to execution plans in the query optimization phase, which will affect the final execution result. Currently, the SQL statements that can be affected include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b191811411553">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b859234313517">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__b159005441157">DELETE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__p1796912257556">Scenario 1: A table summarizes the data of different users. Users can view only their own data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975066__screen62701712114315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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+<span class="normal">83</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create users alice, bob, and peter.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bob</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create the public.all_data table that contains user information.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Insert data into the data table.</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'alice'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'alice data'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bob'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bob data'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'peter'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'peter data'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Grant the read permission for the all_data table to users alice, bob, and peter.</span>
+<span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bob</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peter</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Enable row-level access control.</span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create a row-level access control policy to specify that the current user can view only their own data.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data_rls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View table details.</span>
+<span class="err">\</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                               </span><span class="k">Table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;public.all_data&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">Type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Modifiers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Storage</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stats</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Description</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------+------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plain</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extended</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extended</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">Row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Security</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Policies</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;all_data_rls&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="k">role</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;current_user&quot;</span><span class="p">()))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Has</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OIDs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">By</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">Location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Nodes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATANODES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">Options</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">no</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_rowsecurity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Switch to user alice and run SELECT * FROM all_data.</span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFF</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Seq Scan on all_data</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="k">role</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'alice'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Notice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">This</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">influenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">security</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">feature</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Switch to user peter and run SELECT * FROM .all_data.</span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFF</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Seq Scan on all_data</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="k">role</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'peter'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Notice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">This</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">influenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">security</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">feature</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0994.html">Sensitive Data Management</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0062.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0062.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Redaction</h1>
+<div id="body1579504479778"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__p16430195117562"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__text104300518569">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the column-level dynamic data masking (DDM) function. For sensitive data, such as the ID card number, mobile number, and bank card number, the DDM function is used to redact the original data to protect data security and user privacy.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__ul1527215710717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li827214716712">You can create a redaction policy for a specified table object and set the effective scope of the policy. For details, see section "CREATE REDACTION POLICY" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i18185847132319">SQL Syntax Reference</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li16811047591">You can modify a redaction policy using the provided syntax, including modifying expressions for the policy to take effect, renaming the policy, and adding, modifying, and deleting redacted columns. For details, see section "ALTER REDACTION POLICY" in SQL Syntax Reference.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li5646129191110">You can delete a redaction policy by deleting data redaction function information of the policy from all columns of a table. For details, see "DROP REDACTION POLICY" in SQL Syntax Reference.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li87511974381">You can use the built-in masking functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b123940894391215">MASK_NONE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b80228519191215">MASK_FULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b597914391215">MASK_PARTIAL</strong>, or create your own masking functions by using PL/pgSQL. For details, see "Data Masking Functions" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i13702446183316">SQL Syntax Reference</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li12636103001512">Redaction policy information is stored in the system catalog <a href="dws_04_0611.html">PG_REDACTION_POLICY</a>, and redacted column information is stored in the system catalog <a href="dws_04_0610.html">PG_REDACTION_COLUMN</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li11255133151615">You can view information about the redaction policy and redacted columns in the system views <a href="dws_04_0858.html">REDACTION_POLICIES</a> and <a href="dws_04_0857.html">REDACTION_COLUMNS</a>.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__nf3dbb0444a8445728f3cc175b020f37a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__u4c212b5c9b0649438fb48786a5a38e07"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li631681924917">Generally, you can execute a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b14277840192813">SELECT</strong> statement to view the data redaction result. If the statement has the following features, sensitive data may be deliberately obtained. In this case, an error will be reported during statement execution.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__ul17277182464915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li9011395587">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b16145133112293">GROUP BY</strong> clause references a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b103069416305">Target Entry</strong> that contains redacted columns as the target column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li1358741045920">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1392532143111">DISTINCT</strong> clause is executed on the output redacted columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li2992173495911">The statement contains <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b10578133617312">CTE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li159401759175919">Set operations are involved.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li2078104618019">The target columns of a subquery are not redacted columns of the base table, but are the expressions or function calls for the redacted columns of the base table.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li21764151492">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b278291592113">COPY TO</strong> or GDS to export the redacted data. As the redacted data is irreversible, any secondary operation on the redacted data is meaningless.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li1917621534918">The target columns of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b95271437153510">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b6315194133513">MERGE INTO</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1912184511354">DELETE</strong> statements cannot contain redacted columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li1196526615">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b682616511756">UPSERT</strong> statement allows you to update data using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b18305192213713">EXCLUDED</strong>. If data in the base table is updated by referencing redacted columns, the data may be modified by mistake. As a result, an error will be reported during the execution.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__section3980155135417"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__p10632108121811">The following uses the employee table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b12177185534618">emp</strong>, administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b152031658154611">alice</strong>, and common users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b180615174717">matu</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1912414164718">july</strong> as examples to describe the data redaction process. The user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b3857224162717">alice</strong> is the owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b073842918275">emp</strong> table. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1074718364275">emp</strong> table contains private data such as the employee name, mobile number, email address, bank card number, and salary.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__ol879392613278"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li127936267279">Create users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b0677125813271">alice</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b6685165814270">matu</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b2135296138">july</strong>:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen11620108193211">CREATE ROLE alice PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i99347212712">password</em>';
+CREATE ROLE matu PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i49091211811">password</em>';
+CREATE ROLE july PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i1193112413813">password</em>';</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li1894811133113">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1481762792811">emp</strong> table as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b10575143132819">alice</strong>, and insert three employee records into the table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen15431744183519">CREATE TABLE emp(id int, name varchar(20), phone_no varchar(11), card_no number, card_string varchar(19), email text, salary numeric(100, 4), birthday date);
+
+INSERT INTO emp VALUES(1, 'anny', '13420002340', 1234123412341234, '1234-1234-1234-1234', 'smithWu@163.com', 10000.00, '1999-10-02');
+INSERT INTO emp VALUES(2, 'bob', '18299023211', 3456345634563456, '3456-3456-3456-3456', '66allen_mm@qq.com', 9999.99, '1989-12-12');
+INSERT INTO emp VALUES(3, 'cici', '15512231233', NULL, NULL, 'jonesishere@sina.com', NULL, '1992-11-06');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li993218359278">User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b19876142233719">alice</strong> grants the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b10672932183715">emp</strong> table read permission to users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1132551193713">matu</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1827557370">july</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen1369242365419">GRANT SELECT ON emp TO matu, july;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li169422031114411">Only user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b19373827193819">alice</strong> can view all employee information. Users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b14351115414389">matu</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b676055653812">july</strong> cannot view bank card numbers and salary data of the employees. Create a redaction policy for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1520813616496">emp</strong> table and bind the redaction function to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b4719135124914">card_no</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1592911379498">card_string</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b129861242174918">salary</strong> columns, respectively.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen17499175311549">CREATE REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp WHEN (current_user IN ('matu', 'july'))
+ADD COLUMN card_no WITH mask_full(card_no),
+ADD COLUMN card_string WITH mask_partial(card_string, 'VVVVFVVVVFVVVVFVVVV','VVVV-VVVV-VVVV-VVVV','#',1,12),
+ADD COLUMN salary WITH mask_partial(salary, '9', 1, length(salary) - 2);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li85821198540">Switch to users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b4868192215510">matu</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1273562465511">july</strong> and view the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b17465133514558">emp</strong> table, respectively.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen14681113715216">SET ROLE matu PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i9769151719820">password</em>';
+SELECT * FROM emp;
+ id | name |  phone_no   | card_no |     card_string     |        email         |   salary   |      birthday       
+----+------+-------------+---------+---------------------+----------------------+------------+---------------------
+  1 | anny | 13420002340 |       0 | ####-####-####-1234 | smithWu@163.com      | 99999.9990 | 1999-10-02 00:00:00
+  2 | bob  | 18299023211 |       0 | ####-####-####-3456 | 66allen_mm@qq.com    |  9999.9990 | 1989-12-12 00:00:00
+  3 | cici | 15512231233 |         |                     | jonesishere@sina.com |            | 1992-11-06 00:00:00
+(3 rows)
+
+SET ROLE july PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i1168619262082">password</em>';
+SELECT * FROM emp;
+ id | name |  phone_no   | card_no |     card_string     |        email         |   salary   |      birthday       
+----+------+-------------+---------+---------------------+----------------------+------------+---------------------
+  1 | anny | 13420002340 |       0 | ####-####-####-1234 | smithWu@163.com      | 99999.9990 | 1999-10-02 00:00:00
+  2 | bob  | 18299023211 |       0 | ####-####-####-3456 | 66allen_mm@qq.com    |  9999.9990 | 1989-12-12 00:00:00
+  3 | cici | 15512231233 |         |                     | jonesishere@sina.com |            | 1992-11-06 00:00:00
+(3 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li19924163019210">User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b106938260569">matu</strong> also has the permission for viewing all employee information, but user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b16933238125613">july</strong> does not. Modify the effective scope of the redaction policy.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen18588143213155">ALTER REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp WHEN(current_user = 'july');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li199211269151">Switch to users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b657317100813">matu</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b45742109818">july</strong> and view the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1857520104820">emp</strong> table again, respectively.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen1198815014174">SET ROLE matu PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i1642173313813">password</em>';
+SELECT * FROM emp;
+ id | name |  phone_no   |     card_no      |     card_string     |        email         |   salary   |      birthday       
+----+------+-------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------+------------+---------------------
+  1 | anny | 13420002340 | 1234123412341234 | 1234-1234-1234-1234 | smithWu@163.com      | 10000.0000 | 1999-10-02 00:00:00
+  2 | bob  | 18299023211 | 3456345634563456 | 3456-3456-3456-3456 | 66allen_mm@qq.com    |  9999.9900 | 1989-12-12 00:00:00
+  3 | cici | 15512231233 |                  |                     | jonesishere@sina.com |            | 1992-11-06 00:00:00
+(3 rows)
+
+SET ROLE july PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i12874441389">password</em>';
+SELECT * FROM emp;
+ id | name |  phone_no   | card_no |     card_string     |        email         |   salary   |      birthday       
+----+------+-------------+---------+---------------------+----------------------+------------+---------------------
+  1 | anny | 13420002340 |       0 | ####-####-####-1234 | smithWu@163.com      | 99999.9990 | 1999-10-02 00:00:00
+  2 | bob  | 18299023211 |       0 | ####-####-####-3456 | 66allen_mm@qq.com    |  9999.9990 | 1989-12-12 00:00:00
+  3 | cici | 15512231233 |         |                     | jonesishere@sina.com |            | 1992-11-06 00:00:00
+(3 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li19320174871611">The information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b19502146103214">phone_no</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1367944816327">email</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1572813505324">birthday</strong> columns is private data. Update the redaction policy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b15134288113">mask_emp</strong> and add three redacted columns.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen159991742131918">ALTER REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp ADD COLUMN phone_no WITH mask_partial(phone_no, '*', 4);
+ALTER REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp ADD COLUMN email WITH mask_partial(email, '*', 1, position('@' in email));
+ALTER REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp ADD COLUMN birthday WITH mask_full(birthday);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li13706377194">Switch to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b10690121412125">july</strong> and view the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b631210191125">emp</strong> table data.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen11486103252310">SET ROLE july PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i12583231792">password</em>';
+SELECT * FROM emp;
+ id | name |  phone_no   | card_no |     card_string     |        email         |   salary   |      birthday       
+----+------+-------------+---------+---------------------+----------------------+------------+---------------------
+  1 | anny | 134******** |       0 | ####-####-####-1234 | ********163.com      | 99999.9990 | 1970-01-01 00:00:00
+  2 | bob  | 182******** |       0 | ####-####-####-3456 | ***********qq.com    |  9999.9990 | 1970-01-01 00:00:00
+  3 | cici | 155******** |         |                     | ************sina.com |            | 1970-01-01 00:00:00
+(3 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li1248562232318">Query <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b12101759131218">redaction_policies</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b8697141171316">redaction_columns</strong> to view details about the current redaction policy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b668113203137">mask_emp</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen2792112611256">SELECT * FROM redaction_policies;
+ object_schema | object_owner | object_name | policy_name |            expression             | enable | policy_description 
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+--------+--------------------
+ public        | alice        | emp         | mask_emp    | ("current_user"() = 'july'::name) | t      | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT object_name, column_name, function_info FROM redaction_columns;
+ object_name | column_name |                                             function_info                                             
+-------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ emp         | card_no     | mask_full(card_no)
+ emp         | card_string | mask_partial(card_string, 'VVVVFVVVVFVVVVFVVVV'::text, 'VVVV-VVVV-VVVV-VVVV'::text, '#'::text, 1, 12)
+ emp         | email       | mask_partial(email, '*'::text, 1, "position"(email, '@'::text))
+ emp         | salary      | mask_partial(salary, '9'::text, 1, (length((salary)::text) - 2))
+ emp         | birthday    | mask_full(birthday)
+ emp         | phone_no    | mask_partial(phone_no, '*'::text, 4)
+(6 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li160143114418">Add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b64504243091215">salary_info</strong> column. To replace the salary information in text format with *.*, you can create a user-defined redaction function. In this step, you can use the PL/pgSQL to define the redaction function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b88549896891215">mask_regexp_salary</strong>. To create a redaction column, you simply need to customize the function name and parameter list. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0507.html">User-Defined Functions</a>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen10991143155318">ALTER TABLE emp ADD COLUMN salary_info TEXT;
+UPDATE emp SET salary_info = salary::text;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mask_regexp_salary(salary_info text) RETURNS text AS
+$$
+ SELECT regexp_replace($1, '[0-9]+','*','g');
+$$
+LANGUAGE SQL
+STRICT SHIPPABLE;
+
+ALTER REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp ADD COLUMN salary_info WITH mask_regexp_salary(salary_info);
+
+SET ROLE july PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__i9804811998">password</em>';
+SELECT id, name, salary_info FROM emp;
+ id | name | salary_info 
+----+------+-------------
+  1 | anny | *.*
+  2 | bob  | *.*
+  3 | cici | 
+(3 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__li167771414112519">If there is no need to set a redaction policy for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b678491013155">emp</strong> table, delete the redaction policy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__b1923918242150">mask_emp</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654774__screen13384194062820">DROP REDACTION POLICY mask_emp ON emp;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0994.html">Sensitive Data Management</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0063.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0063.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0063.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694395"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694395"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Setting Security Policies</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0064.html">Setting Account Security Policies</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0065.html">Setting the Validity Period of an Account</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0067.html">Setting a User Password</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0053.html">Managing Users and Their Permissions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0064.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0064.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39a31ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0064.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Setting Account Security Policies</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__s1f3f187a2a1b4561ba81672245332f5e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Background</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__a445fe8be77ed473691e50ecadbf21a27">For data security purposes, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__text254499444">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a series of security measures, such as automatically locking and unlocking accounts, manually locking and unlocking abnormal accounts, and deleting accounts that are no longer used.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__s0dcb0f12e0694cb09db6d8497c6ba38c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Automatically Locking and Unlocking Accounts</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__u54180f3c57dd43ab8f4436c726142217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__lb914c4f0a4774a8aa0031af6b490c96d">If a user fails to enter the correct password for over 10 times during database connection, the system automatically locks the account.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__l4d5b92a68adf43e3ae9bb8a14616ac63">An account is automatically unlocked one day after it was locked.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__s8e045aa026174be8b2242de1b2a5340c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Manually Locking and Unlocking Accounts</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__af6dd67cc26c84bdba0ad7392835b06c9">If administrators detect an abnormal account that may be stolen or illegally accesses the database, they can manually lock the account.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__aa98a29d580b3439f86806bb25bdeb6eb">The administrator can also manually unlock the account if the account becomes normal again.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__a965c39fa6c1b485d9531984163b5df7b">For details about how to create a user, see <a href="dws_04_0057.html">Users</a>. To manually lock and unlock user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__b1880982642101335">joe</strong>, run commands in the following format:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__ua39402c683cc44a98794544444d44c61"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__l433c967bd1cc45d1a9598a55533d7f77">To manually lock the user:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__sd7a7a6ffd93848ec82772e85e1152046"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__l8d8fdb8eba84471ca8434eadddafa7d2">To manually unlock the user:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__sfbbbae6fbe514ae7865f2696ee6b9e4c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__sfd2be0ec3e7b4fccb9382999bd5ef3dd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting Accounts that Are No Longer Used</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__a30de1cc710954869bfa8debf54467741">An administrator can delete an account that is no longer used. This operation cannot be rolled back.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__a35ea53d4adb84afa97a56868db3c6c30">When an account to be deleted is in the active state, it is deleted after the session is disconnected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__ac2826380827f4295a1ceaabbc3f48552">For example, if you want to delete account <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__b8991263259251">joe</strong>, run the command in the following format:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134912__saf2296eb7a554757b09ed7c4f05c4816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0063.html">Setting Security Policies</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0065.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0065.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e4f6ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0065.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Setting the Validity Period of an Account</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__s7c1c2565b2b841ec881829e704e8a717"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__ab25b557ff4474f9680f699c770dd54c9">When creating a user, you need to specify the validity period of the user, including the start time and end time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__ace34c9ceff984f948355ff898766d7c2">To enable a user not within the validity period to use its account, set a new validity period.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__sa398a839e3d74c50a068b14b208697ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__o99f94fab8e694050a76370943a5a216b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__l174a0e50032e450b84f352b350c3967e"><span>Run the following command to create a user and specify the start time and end time.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__s7dec106782c740e7a2baef0a23a6b805"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2015-10-10 08:00:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2016-10-10 08:00:00'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__ld5c1660f0dba4e458ad7fb23d4310d36"><span>If the user is not within the specified validity period, run the following command to set the start time and end time of a new validity period.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__s027dd039d2fa40e08fb75b694f113008"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2016-11-10 08:00:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2017-11-10 08:00:00'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__nbe8d04c697874b449321e13d8de92a92"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__a92951797c10843768c69cf9691c07fd4">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__en-us_topic_0151096201_en-us_topic_0085032332_b842352706164027">VALID BEGIN</strong> is not specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__en-us_topic_0151096201_en-us_topic_0085032332_b1454926090103234">CREATE ROLE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__en-us_topic_0151096201_en-us_topic_0085032332_b21245649103234">ALTER ROLE</strong> statement, the start time of the validity period is not limited. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654996__en-us_topic_0151096201_en-us_topic_0085032332_b1872733137103234">VALID UNTIL</strong> is not specified, the end time of the validity period is not limited. If both of the parameters are not specified, the user is always valid.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0063.html">Setting Security Policies</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0066.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0066.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afd91c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0066.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_p7807105913718">MRS is a big data cluster running based on the open-source Hadoop ecosystem. It provides the industry's latest cutting-edge storage and analytical capabilities of massive volumes of data, satisfying your data storage and processing requirements. For details, see the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_ph2740729133515"><i><cite id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0135554668_cite245375118115">MapReduce Service User Guide</cite></i><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__i13654203215310"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__i188061438139"></em></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_p56178650111411">You can use Hive/Spark (analysis cluster of MRS) to store massive volumes of service data. Hive/Spark data files are stored on HDFS. On <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you can connect a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_ph111997429518">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster to an MRS cluster, read data from HDFS files, and write the data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_ph33147185110">GaussDB(DWS)</span> when the clusters are on the same network.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__note1775105323310"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__p177511536337">Ensure that MRS can communicate with DWS:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__p122834109344">Scenario 1: If MRS and DWS are in the same region and VPC, they can communicate with each other by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__p13939142613348">Scenario 2: If MRS and DWS are in the same region but in different VPCs, you need to create a VPC peering connection. For details, see "VPC Peering Connection Overview" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__i633992575719">Virtual Private Cloud User Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__p594017456346">Scenario 3: If MRS and DWS are not in the same region. You need to use Cloud Connect (CC) to create network connections. For details, see the user guide of the corresponding service.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__p11875339174014">Scenario 4: If MRS is deployed on-premises, you need to use Direct Connect (DC) or Virtual Private Network (VPN) to create network connections. For details, see the user guide of the corresponding service.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_section1298319298101"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Importing Data from MRS to a GaussDB(DWS) Cluster</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_ol1725018516137"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_li524814581319"><a href="dws_04_0212.html">Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_li424812561318">(Optional) <a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_li1324910521314"><a href="dws_04_0214.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_li6249258138"><a href="dws_04_0215.html">Importing Data</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041053__en-us_topic_0000001082926693_en-us_topic_0109259514_en-us_topic_0101455468_li42491154139"><a href="dws_04_0216.html">Deleting Resources</a></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0067.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0067.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70892859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0067.html
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Setting a User Password</h1>
+<div id="body0000001101463816"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ade9722ba1f7042a8a7ba2dbd480e8481">User passwords are stored in the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_b25317160164852">pg_authid</strong>. To prevent password leakage, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> encrypts and stores the user passwords.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_u557ab5ee5e2d434a990a0fb3b4bcb647"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld213e6332e7841be8cccf518a6ce25e8">Password complexity<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae8486e6cca5a4823b5b09923d3124726"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld213e6332e7841be8cccf518a6ce25e8"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld213e6332e7841be8cccf518a6ce25e8"></a>The password complexity requirements are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ubc2a20f49ead47d0957b55c65d09dd40"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__lfb9c8b78d4984baca445611ad481a028">The number of uppercase letters (A–Z) ranges from 0 to 999, the number of lowercase letters (a–z) ranges from 0 to 999, the number of digits ranges from 0 to 999, and the number of special characters ranges from 0 to 999. For details about the special characters, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_tbef4ccb5367248c1a36d06d61ee7059c">Table 1</a>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__note368848163416"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__p768648193411">A password must contain at least three types of the preceding characters (uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters).</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__l8c425dfaaa244b37b3603b2036c3caa9">A password must contain at least 6 characters, and the default length is 8 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__lcb69171934cf46fea762403a28e1937e">A password can contain a maximum of 999 characters, and the default length is 32 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l6ae4e8f708804d5aa91338e4024f822e">A password must differ from the username or the username in reverse order.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_lc78b90d42f214d4babc9fdb683c4a722">A new password must be different from the current password or the current password in reverse order.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l110d2b013c8b415390008aa062c5a7f9">Password reuse<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aac1b6c91755c4426af3efa12e081debe"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l110d2b013c8b415390008aa062c5a7f9"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l110d2b013c8b415390008aa062c5a7f9"></a>When a user changes the password, the user can reuse a password only if it has not been used for over 60 days.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_lc16bbab4103c4fb386fa6fa9a4e26d3e">Password validity period<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aa16fba5568cd403b9239ca0f202bdea5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_lc16bbab4103c4fb386fa6fa9a4e26d3e"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_lc16bbab4103c4fb386fa6fa9a4e26d3e"></a>A validity period (90 days by default) is set for each database user password. If the password is about to expire (in seven days), the system displays a message reminding the user to change it upon login.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_n5638a811339046c3afde45fa8fa2f3be"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aef8293e692454916882f2a4858781572">Considering the usage and service continuity of a database, the database still allows a user to log in after the password expires. A password change notification is displayed every time the user logs in to the database until the password is changed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_lfcc8c0a9d357408f96beded1d1ab0896">Password change<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_u7069227b30fd4c77a3f1481f0f6fbd63"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld27731d02ea445479d95de1c2fe37f55">During database installation, an OS user named the same as the initial user is created. The password of the OS user needs to be changed periodically to ensure account security.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a1e9a7178b19649758b345b4d0aaa0baf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld27731d02ea445479d95de1c2fe37f55"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ld27731d02ea445479d95de1c2fe37f55"></a>If the password of the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae00a5d9c27c74d049d6db404a20731d9">user1</strong> needs to be changed, run the following command:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_s3ad78887e5104b4999b2c24a23b3eee1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a974d0c8a9a654ef39f8af31825259d77">passwd </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a50e63ee4955e4c249563feacf9721aa0">user1</em></pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a9d3aae3012c646dba4a84302e39c0b27">Change the password as prompted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l56fde9f43f62427c9177cafad4bfb232">Both system administrators and common users need to periodically change their passwords to prevent the accounts from being stolen.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a15478e2074e3436db2c71e3b0ee2bf96"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l56fde9f43f62427c9177cafad4bfb232"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l56fde9f43f62427c9177cafad4bfb232"></a>For example, to change the password of the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_b842352706111320">user1</strong>, connect to the database as the administrator and run the following command:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_s1aa0fa851c7f45c9aac01f563e469336"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;1234@abc&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;5678@def&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_nae34ea504ab547319c8520391296586a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aa52880f201c54bf780b49e3eb096947d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b15861831163310">1234@abc</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b1858623115332">5678@def</strong> represent the new password and the original password of the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b11586231113318">user1</strong>, respectively. The new password must conform to the complexity rules. Otherwise, the new password is invalid.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l55469bb0777f44fdaf5eb9f226a0d15f">An administrator can change its own password and other accounts' passwords. With the permission for changing other accounts' passwords, the administrator can resolve a login failure when a user forgets its password.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_acb5e229c45734327a3d56725c4412588"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l55469bb0777f44fdaf5eb9f226a0d15f"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l55469bb0777f44fdaf5eb9f226a0d15f"></a>To change the password of the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_b173047591310">joe</strong>, run the following command:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_sb35feef793234fc0afec59e5547d1fa2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_n0957be67007e43b18758db49bfd1b9af"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_uc141e50e188c4c17a943b1c740f783b3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l07b1b859d4204c2194812ed2e552db96">System administrators are not allowed to change passwords for each other.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l700a12257f974f6a952a1be4772c9a65">When a system administrator changes the password of a common user, the original password is not required.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l0d99cc1240744fdb8127e0e6c148556c">However, when a system administrator changes its own password, the original password is required.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l8273e67d4414433eaf32c971f88ff4ad">Password verification<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_af8a1024508c54a92985aa45497532fd9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l8273e67d4414433eaf32c971f88ff4ad"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_l8273e67d4414433eaf32c971f88ff4ad"></a>Password verification is required when you set the user or role in the current session. If the entered password is inconsistent with the stored password of the user, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ab8256505d9ba4b3e9917e9aa29bfd8bc">To set the password of the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b4663136154810">joe</strong>, run the following command:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_s31ad823d6c7d437fbc392c994dfa1109"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_tbef4ccb5367248c1a36d06d61ee7059c"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926733_tbef4ccb5367248c1a36d06d61ee7059c"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_tbef4ccb5367248c1a36d06d61ee7059c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Special characters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_rae299e895bd848a0ab56d64338e83b91"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_af6ff247e5883403da5246810e1f4e3f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_b84235270619370">No.</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a70a2c4a66f4945a79770dca3cd3dcfcf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_b84235270619374">Character</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a0bd135b4564846a2b8a09d9d09304820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b1822055346">No.</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3699a2d854f44000aa02aef863d3c919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b1046328500">Character</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a59d3adc09cc141e28c10ad8fe4751476"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b482960612">No.</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aeb9fef3593da400d9e41cad4bcc6a8a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b1313424955">Character</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3ba83611b8024f01b3abdc6b694cb349"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b492167161">No.</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a899f375a131549f3b6fc6c0c82ee7896"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__b2111908774">Character</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r071b85e9612f431695ba71c0483c32a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae886d312608f49b181f98d3f4561244d">1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a815395faec274fe3b1e5ff2e8ce6b261">~</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ad0660cde30cc49a2922e288ba03e6171">9</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3036e0ff504b4e28a06b540637a2ba8a">*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a522ded4cec3b48dbb28bd1034ae8638e">17</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a2dbe91281e344d69821b7ec933fdb50b">|</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a571bdcc672114c17a7cc6cc7f454c8ec">25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a7c8adf6c021641879066592e4b064074">&lt;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r1e22b3a22bdd44fbb4414f5f3a46caea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a8acef6e69f7349b0bace467df68da735">2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a97f1f77e1dec41f4940679a8a1f56d26">!</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a355a708e3a73454f904a80b6099bb12b">10</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a20fd71b381aa46e18ac1a3e2c718428e">(</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ac50f564e67e141f8bd76776c578cc636">18</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a46f97ff948db4170bd1e5e6b38d1b362">[</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae25c20ce35fd42cbaf73fd44babb497d">26</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae453134da1bb449b8be937fb23f0135b">.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r5b2b353c94ba4f38b6666741db11a464"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a835189f9cf714ff28b556f258479b826">3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6d1977e4548d4268a5c56d83c3c2089d">@</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a8dc2f44280c14c8abb1d18503c326e3a">11</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6d95fa9e7e3c4a97aa28b2451e7e2a0b">)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_afbc901a73c9847b8917e5f694e18c16c">19</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6e8f6744031f4cd0a53475858f55cc6f">{</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a98012359b7fd4d49903e2f0572e5604e">27</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a01425786c863481caabfa0b14ad57d2a">&gt;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r31765c80f296472b9d99bca734958c79"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ac13c097fd38c4147ae53b1f602b92c8a">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a48f81c9c8d6b40e49cf12c12ea777c14">#</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a5df47f2b1bf84fa6967e657ac56d7312">12</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a093faee6e44f4750aa56258278af1482">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a9d7515d4014d4040baf0f74082b948dd">20</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ab4717a8a147644afa26c0e257b7fcddb">}</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_af28474e620de4218bf55d58e77a767ce">28</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a53d34ed5418742048f2fcaf3f2bf2bf9">/</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r3f6b2d3a2990472b8a490cea13e15403"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a082e01d2bda640d3b2e91962aaea0d29">5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a71a013526ec44e93903b712bdf5435c9">$</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae35211c126664fe8abf4f345b02a40c8">13</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6f90fdf9f5d6478b963f8465632f8bc6">_</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a25eeaa7fcdb043ceba5aa09249b489a6">21</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ad167a1cdf5a24c70b5a7bbda15fc3fd0">]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a24ad378a978f4f05b9f558e1019063e8">29</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_af6b8a7b8bad943df8a8db044ff333014">?</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_r735f14c7677747d78325e408b7256003"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3ab158a26edd4216968d14a38b46d45b">6</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a4cf92d0d901b4679855b4f0c4d9cf917">%</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6dbd65f66ce1486ca8e8b8b8b0990071">14</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a01cbd6b7cc3b43d38611ebc28d5cf99b">=</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a72a6b1b109b241de8c465cd2e803fa46">22</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a31f37d78d130411d8f370b9ae3b1ea12">;</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a5c4ddb72d37e41d088cfa3fb5f8d3a9a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae33614643e8a4c229bea0f2f1de01cdc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_rab84fb89ba764779bb51a1a23228ceae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a1441ec2827a1452a9775bc49099a7552">7</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_af27d29f9118e4b23bf3cc9c889d1bb96">^</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a385df5ec35314532bf44ce471f3e506f">15</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3a60e9ec11784df58c27d0bd2f84e70c">+</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a07c668be83f44fb9bef96e9f0bee5057">23</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aaa860836d7a74b4aa8e20887892af658">:</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a6b302de706894e7dafbe80d659a84447">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3b956ac4b8b84363980d0ff8f17e2559">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ra01d355433dc42eea781e25f8b8f5bd2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.068993100689932%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ad23c53788501442bb432909563de0a26">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.898910108989101%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a43d015ce97fc43638150a6b6fdb95bf5">&amp;</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.90870912908709%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a083b262f7a3e44bab4cb0d4231d2255c">16</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.088791120887912%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a15c6bdb4d65a4b4984ceb34be73e8b51">\</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.828617138286173%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ab9ffe2c313154de199e0cc91541d5249">24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.998800119988001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_aa625ebcbc4ec4c709a58d8681fe4ebb5">,</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.108489151084893%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_a3ac56016192943f78f12f153eb05ac70">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.0986901309869%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.9.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101463816__en-us_topic_0000001082926733_ae292a6958c924271a581653164000c84">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0063.html">Setting Security Policies</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0074.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0074.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134598"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134598"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Development and Design Proposal</h1>
+<div id="body1528161858339"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0075.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0076.html">Database Object Naming Conventions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0083.html">JDBC Configuration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0084.html">SQL Compilation</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0971.html">PL/Java Usage</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0972.html">PL/pgSQL Usage</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0075.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0075.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0075.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Development and Design Proposal</h1>
+<div id="body1528161858339"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__p8060118">This chapter describes the design specifications for database modeling and application development. Modeling compliant with these specifications fits the distributed processing architecture of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__text11730754172518">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and provides efficient SQL code.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__p116856421219">The meaning of "Proposal" and "Notice" in this chapter is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__ul1137573119221"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__li103752031122219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__b16921839112211">Proposal</strong>: Design rules. Services compliant with the rules can run efficiently, and those violating the rules may have low performance or logic errors.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__li154431751122212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894631__b14755202118236">Notice</strong>: Details requiring attention during service development. This term identifies SQL behavior that complies with SQL standards but users may have misconceptions about, and default behavior that users may be unaware of in a program.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0076.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0076.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b491d1ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0076.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Database Object Naming Conventions</h1>
+<div id="body1528161858339"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__p1832121193017">The name of a database object must contain 1 to 63 characters, start with a letter or underscore (_), and can contain letters, digits, underscores (_), dollar signs ($), and number signs (#).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__ul1732014239567"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li183207238569">[Proposal] Do not use reserved or non-reserved keywords to name database objects.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__note133201623175616"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__p173201323105613">To query the keywords of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__text1722747791">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__b1517115117327">select * from pg_get_keywords()</strong> or refer to section "Keyword."</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li1724252616567">[Proposal] Do not use a string enclosed in double quotation marks ("") to define the database object name, unless you need to specify its capitalization. Case sensitivity of database object names makes problem location difficult.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li15563344563">[Proposal] Use the same naming format for database objects.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__ul75615347563"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li05603416563">In a system undergoing incremental development or service migration, you are advised to comply with its historical naming conventions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li9561734205613">A database object name consists of letters, digits, and underscores (_); and cannot start with a digit. You are advised to use multiple words separated with hyphens (-).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li1556123455615">You are advised to use intelligible names and common acronyms or abbreviations for database objects. Acronyms or abbreviations that are generally understood are recommended. For example, you can use English words indicating actual business terms. The naming format should be consistent within a cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li1442681418122">A variable name must be descriptive and meaningful. It must have a prefix indicating its type.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li22041237145610">[Proposal] The name of a table object should indicate its main characteristics, for example, whether it is an ordinary, temporary, or unlogged table.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__ul7204337175616"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li1320483745615">An ordinary table name should indicate the business relevant to a data set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li3204123718567">Temporary tables are named in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_b842352706173450">tmp_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_i842352697173448">Suffix</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li132041337105615">Unlogged tables are named in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_b84235270617351">ul_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_i84235269717357">Suffix</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__li19204137195614">Foreign tables are named in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_b842352706143019">f_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974618__en-us_topic_0097059046_i842352697143034">Suffix</em>.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0077.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0077.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed25866a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0077.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814423"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814423"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Database Object Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528161858339"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0078.html">Database and Schema Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0079.html">Table Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0080.html">Column Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0081.html">Constraint Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0082.html">View and Joined Table Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0078.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0078.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb33fc70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0078.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Database and Schema Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__a163526b0670d42fa992ba7033a636dc1">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__text1265888159">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, services can be isolated by databases and schemas. Databases share little resources and cannot directly access each other. Connections to and permissions on them are also isolated. Schemas share more resources than databases do. User permissions on schemas and subordinate objects can be controlled using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b84235270694635">GRANT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b84235270694632">REVOKE</strong> syntax.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__ul14407749155613"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li17407249185610">You are advised to use schemas to isolate services for convenience and resource sharing.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li57147515561">It is recommended that system administrators create schemas and databases and then assign required permissions to users.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__sb41154e9d50a48e6ada14ffd10d2b591"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Database Design Suggestions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__ul1241013276555"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li47531831165518">Create databases as required. Do not use the default <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b149702415296"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__text17442175020432">gaussdb</span></strong> database of a cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li7201934125511">Create a maximum of three user-defined databases in a cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li17746153765510">To make your database encoding compatible with most characters, you are advised to use the UTF-8 encoding when creating a database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li1931294213555">Exercise caution when you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b84235270619237">ENCODING</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b84235270619239">DBCOMPATIBILITY</strong> configuration items during database creation. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__text1069744734">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b842352706113254">DBCOMPATIBILITY</strong> can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b842352706114537">TD</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b842352706114542">Oracle</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b1733613542491">MySQL</strong> to be compatible with Teradata, Oracle, or MySQL syntax, respectively. Syntax behavior may vary with the three modes. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0042.html">Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li164101627125511">By default, a database owner has all permissions for all objects in the database, including the deletion permission. Exercise caution when using the deletion permission.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__s51d3bc0fb11b4dccbfd9db3d49343942"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Schema Design Suggestions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__ul14634748125512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li846585175513">To let a user access an object in a schema, grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b16307749125110">usage</strong> permission and the permissions for the object to the user, unless the user has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b7235165515515">sysadmin</strong> permission or is the schema owner.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li46701354105515">To let a user create an object in the schema, grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__b9700145918515">create</strong> permission for the schema to the user.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654898__li17634124817557">By default, a schema owner has all permissions for all objects in the schema, including the deletion permission. Exercise caution when using the deletion permission.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0079.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0079.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0079.html
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Table Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p27908691"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__text440718349">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses a distributed architecture. Data is distributed on DNs. Comply with the following principles to properly design a table:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__ul721556195614"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li121556105617">[Notice] Evenly distribute data on each DN to prevent data skew. If most data is stored on several DNs, the effective capacity of a cluster decreases. Select a proper distribution column to avoid data skew.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li103881958125612">[Notice] Evenly scan each DN when querying tables. Otherwise, DNs most frequently scanned will become the performance bottleneck. For example, when you use equivalent filter conditions on a fact table, the nodes are not evenly scanned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li109624020578">[Notice] Reduce the amount of data to be scanned. You can use the pruning mechanism of a partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li1156812495712">[Notice] Minimize random I/O. By clustering or local clustering, you can sequentially store hot data, converting random I/O to sequential I/O to reduce the cost of I/O scanning.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li579110645713">[Notice] Try to avoid data shuffling. To shuffle data is to physically transfer it from one node to another. This unnecessarily occupies many network resources. To reduce network pressure, locally process data, and to improve cluster performance and concurrency, you can minimize data shuffling by using proper association and grouping conditions.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__section189043059150"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Selecting a Storage Mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p46309534">[Proposal] Selecting a storage mode is the first step in defining a table. The storage mode mainly depends on the customer's service type. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__table3891877">Table 1</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__table3891877"></a><a name="table3891877"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__table3891877" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Table storage modes and scenarios</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row12104456"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p40936856">Storage Mode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p46632853">Application Scenarios</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row38265132"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p12468015">Row storage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__ul61112063105242"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li55036904105242">Point queries (simple index-based queries that only return a few records)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li46472609105247">Scenarios requiring frequent addition, deletion, and modification</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row64051613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p20798169">Column storage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__ul38359637105253"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li50687390105253">Statistical analysis queries (requiring a large number of association and grouping operations)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li60756677105259">Ad hoc queries (using uncertain query conditions and unable to utilize indexes to scan row-store tables)</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__section4953718391536"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Selecting a Distribution Mode</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p15437549133613">[Proposal] Comply with the following rules to distribute table data.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__table56061421" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Table distribution modes and scenarios</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row28830064"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p1734838511855">Distribution Mode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.79%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p5210823411855">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.22%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p5583513911855">Application Scenarios</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row4741815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p48542757">Hash</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.79%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p39649219">Table data is distributed on all DNs in a cluster by hash.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p57470137">Fact tables containing a large amount of data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__row47469189"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p19799091">Replication</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.79%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p1648503511217">Full data in a table is stored on every DN in a cluster.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p46187709">Dimension tables and fact tables containing a small amount of data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__section3098621691543"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Selecting a Partitioning Mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p9149005">Comply with the following rules to partition a table containing a large amount of data:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__ul493112515714"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li189320255571">[Proposal] Create partitions on columns that indicate certain ranges, such as dates and regions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li649113276571">[Proposal] A partition name should show the data characteristics of a partition. For example, its format can be Keyword+Range characteristics.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li6867122905711">[Proposal] Set the upper limit of a partition to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__b842352706185941">MAXVALUE</strong> to prevent data overflow.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p2871939">The example of a partitioned table definition is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__screen31427626105856"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffS_p1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">FIRST_NAME</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">LAST_NAME</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EMAIL</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PHONE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HIRE_DATE</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employment_ID</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SALARY</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">COMMISSION_PCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">MANAGER_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HIRE_DATE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HIRE_19950501</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1995-05-01 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HIRE_19950502</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1995-05-02 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HIRE_maxvalue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__section1304242791554"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Selecting a Distribution Key</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__p64693751">Selecting a distribution key is important for a hash table. An improper distribution key may cause data skew. As a result, the I/O load is heavy on several DNs, affecting the overall query performance. After you select a distribution policy for a hash table, check for data skew to ensure that data is evenly distributed. Comply with the following rules to select a distribution key:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__ul16936634195712"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li793617341577">[Proposal] Select a column containing discrete data as the distribution key, so that data can be evenly distributed on each DN. If a single column is not discrete enough, consider using multiple columns as distribution keys. You can select the primary key of a table as the distribution key. For example, in an employee information table, select the certificate number column as the distribution key.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li173441037125714">[Proposal] If the first rule is met, do not select a column having constant filter conditions as the distribution key. For example, in a query on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__b842352706181029">dwcjk</strong> table, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__b842352706181034">zqdh</strong> column contains the constant filter condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__b84235270618112">zqdh='000001'</strong>, avoid selecting the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__b842352706181114">zqdh</strong> column as the distribution key.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694995__li1996693912574">[Proposal] If the first and second rules are met, select the join conditions in a query as distribution keys. If a join condition is used as a distribution key, the data involved in a join task is locally distributed on DNs, which greatly reduces the data flow cost among DNs.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Column Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__section52674274151022"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Selecting a Data Type</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p17648120153918">Comply with the following rules to improve query efficiency when you design columns:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__ul952274495712"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__li552294415711">[Proposal] Use the most efficient data types allowed.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p34218508162823"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__li552294415711"></a><a name="li552294415711"></a>If all of the following number types provide the required service precision, they are recommended in descending order of priority: integer, floating point, and numeric.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__li142377588575">[Proposal] In tables that are logically related, columns having the same meaning should use the same data type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__li984870145814">[Proposal] For string data, you are advised to use variable-length strings and specify the maximum length. To avoid truncation, ensure that the specified maximum length is greater than the maximum number of characters to be stored. You are not advised to use CHAR(n), BPCHAR(n), NCHAR(n), or CHARACTER(n), unless you know that the string length is fixed.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p62529563163851"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__li984870145814"></a><a name="li984870145814"></a>For details about string types, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__section290310115932">Common String Types</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__section290310115932"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__section290310115932"></a><a name="section290310115932"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Common String Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p3479669215102">Every column requires a data type suitable for its data characteristics. The following table lists common string types in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__text1320630605">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__table50547859" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common string types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row888699"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p4875833"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__b43882502">Parameter</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p64821786"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__b46525162">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p10441773"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__b26867098">Max. Storage Capacity</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row28751319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p47155484">CHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p61497874">Fixed-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i842352697151355">n</em> indicates the stored bytes. If the length of an input string is smaller than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i84235269715200">n</em>, the string is automatically padded to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i842352697152028">n</em> bytes using NULL characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p15271904">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row3229416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p60256175">CHARACTER(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p48911969">Fixed-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i230763006">n</em> indicates the stored bytes. If the length of an input string is smaller than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i1655400800">n</em>, the string is automatically padded to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i1449883227">n</em> bytes using NULL characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p2446568">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row22019119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p38718224">NCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p49168441">Fixed-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i259629078">n</em> indicates the stored bytes. If the length of an input string is smaller than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i722675692">n</em>, the string is automatically padded to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i904459278">n</em> bytes using NULL characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p23220819">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row7660786"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p16543928">BPCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p64989762">Fixed-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i393738329">n</em> indicates the stored bytes. If the length of an input string is smaller than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i395137356">n</em>, the string is automatically padded to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i45344670">n</em> bytes using NULL characters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p29679352">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row65787584"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p27194084">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p55237225">Variable-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i842352697152210">n</em> indicates the maximum number of bytes that can be stored.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p45030263">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row2619184"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p10827357">CHARACTER VARYING(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p4600743">Variable-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i842352697152255">n</em> indicates the maximum number of bytes that can be stored. This data type and VARCHAR(n) are different representations of the same data type.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p37115893">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row65607585"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p12614193">VARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p15116730">Variable-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i1854927984152430">n</em> indicates the maximum number of bytes that can be stored. This data type is added to be compatible with the Oracle database, and its behavior is the same as that of VARCHAR(n).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p16495587">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row14242555"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p12796279">NVARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p29865704">Variable-length string, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__i1748914844">n</em> indicates the maximum number of bytes that can be stored.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p28826987">10 MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__row58116296"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p9799559">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.865313468653135%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p55566810">Variable-length string. Its maximum length is 8203 bytes less than 1 GB.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.567343265673433%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134996__p4617770">8203 bytes less than 1 GB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0081.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0081.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..969e7d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0081.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Constraint Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__section555838816718"><h4 class="sectiontitle">DEFAULT and NULL Constraints</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__ul1188131610581"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li1188616165818">[Proposal] If all the column values can be obtained from services, you are not advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b842352706163544">DEFAULT</strong> constraint, because doing so will generate unexpected results during data loading.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li124803200584">[Proposal] Add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b842352706163730">NOT NULL</strong> constraints to columns that never have NULL values. The optimizer automatically optimizes the columns in certain scenarios.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li11798102210586">[Proposal] Explicitly name all constraints excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b842352706163934">NOT NULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b842352706163937">DEFAULT</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__section2578598416718"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Partial Cluster Key</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__p46071979">A partial cluster key (PCK) is a local clustering technology used for column-store tables. After creating a PCK, you can quickly filter and scan fact tables using min or max sparse indexes in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__text1158130347">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Comply with the following rules to create a PCK:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__ul8800142614588"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li480092635814">[Notice] Only one PCK can be created in a table. A PCK can contain multiple columns, preferably no more than two columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li1378132910586">[Proposal] Create a PCK on simple expression filter conditions in a query. Such filter conditions are usually in the form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b84235270617039">col op const</strong>, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b84235270617137">col</strong> specifies a column name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b84235270617143">op</strong> specifies an operator (such as =, &gt;, &gt;=, &lt;=, and &lt;), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b8423527061721">const</strong> specifies a constant.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li1131316325583">[Proposal] If the preceding conditions are met, create a PCK on the column having the least distinct values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__section958094516718"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Unique Constraint</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__ul184984019587"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li17849940165819">[Notice] Both row-store and column-store tables support unique constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li15802104395817">[Proposal] The constraint name should indicate that it is a unique constraint, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b84235270617735">UNI</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__i84235269717747">Included columns</em>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__section3696271616719"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Primary Key Constraint</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__ul139403464585"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li2940646185816">[Notice] Both row-store and column-store tables support the primary key constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li3376144911587">[Proposal] The constraint name should indicate that it is a primary key constraint, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b982443271171149">PK</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__i2143730926171149">Included columns</em>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__section45602286161148"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Check Constraint</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__ul9583552165819"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li135837525587">[Notice] Check constraints can be used in row-store tables but not in column-store tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__li3792165419589">[Proposal] The constraint name should indicate that it is a check constraint, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__b1629266142">CK</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654806__i1069563465">Included columns</em>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0082.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0082.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8322f025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0082.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">View and Joined Table Design</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__section4431103710524"><h4 class="sectiontitle">View Design</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__ul15374258175816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__li18374258155814">[Proposal] Do not nest views unless they have strong dependency on each other.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__li95301035916">[Proposal] Try to avoid sort operations in a view definition.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__section6265550010713"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Joined Table Design</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__ul1798817211596"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__li15988523595">[Proposal] Minimize joined columns across tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__li82861353592">[Proposal] Joined columns should use the same data type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894807__li96527718596">[Proposal] The names of joined columns should indicate their relationship. For example, they can use the same name.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0077.html">Database Object Design</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0083.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0083.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b4497c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0083.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JDBC Configuration</h1>
+<div id="body1528162486098"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p83201518124912">Currently, third-party tools are connected to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text120969138">GaussDB(DWS)</span> trough JDBC. This section describes the precautions for configuring the tools.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__section51233666102514"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Connection Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__ul4235888102912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li33742908102912">[Notice] When a third-party tool connects to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text267386391">GaussDB(DWS)</span> through JDBC, JDBC sends a connection request to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text1267787076">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. By default, the following parameters are added. For details, see the implementation of the ConnectionFactoryImpl JDBC code.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__screen51783857102912">params = {
+{ "user", user },
+{ "database", database },
+{ "client_encoding", "UTF8" },
+{ "DateStyle", "ISO" },
+{ "extra_float_digits", "2" },
+{ "TimeZone",  createPostgresTimeZone() },
+};</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p15181893103553">These parameters may cause the JDBC and gsql clients to display inconsistent data, for example, date data display mode, floating point precision representation, and timezone.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p63401535102912">If the result is not as expected, you are advised to explicitly set these parameters in the Java connection setting.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li22840275102912">[Proposal] When connecting to the database through JDBC, ensure that the following two time zones are the same:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__ul62190131102912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li35250721102912">Time zone of the host where the JDBC client is located</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li16356185655617">Time zone of the host where the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text675913043">GaussDB(DWS)</span> server is located</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__section2864318010275"><h4 class="sectiontitle">fetchsize</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p1208899">[Notice] To use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b21951949173115">fetchsize</strong> in applications, disable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b842352706145926">autocommit</strong> switch. Enabling the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b84235270615044">autocommit</strong> switch makes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b84235270615111">fetchsize</strong> configuration invalid.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__section1636443510276"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autocommit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p40373845104858">[Proposal] It is recommended that you enable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b842352706142820">autocommit</strong> switch in the code for connecting to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text265447366">GaussDB(DWS)</span> by the JDBC. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b842352706143016">autocommit</strong> needs to be disabled to improve performance or for other purposes, applications need to ensure their transactions are committed. For example, explicitly commit translations after specifying service SQL statements. Particularly, ensure that all transactions are committed before the client exits.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__section1577694110277"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Connection Releasing</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p144341064916">[Proposal] You are advised to use connection pools to limit the number of connections from applications. Do not connect to a database every time you run an SQL statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p23100085">[Proposal] After an application completes its tasks, disconnect its connection to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text94760255">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to release occupied resources. You are advised to set the session timeout interval in the task.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p1964373612402">[Proposal] Reset the session environment before releasing connections to the JDBC connection tool. Otherwise, historical session information may cause object conflicts.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__ul319815399488"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li319853920486">If GUC parameters are set in the connection, before you return the connection to the connection pool, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__b84235270618227">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT;RESET ALL;</strong> to clear the connection status.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__li7553164720488">If a temporary table is used, delete it before you return the connection to the connection pool.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__section1624965810277"><h4 class="sectiontitle">CopyManager</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__p1841431102854">[Proposal] In the scenario where the ETL tool is not used and real-time data import is required, it is recommended that you use the CopyManger interface driven by the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814437__text2056484717">GaussDB(DWS)</span> JDBC to import data in batches during application development. For details about how to use <a href="dws_04_0116.html">CopyManager</a>, see <a href="dws_04_0116.html">CopyManager</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0084.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0084.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba246f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0084.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQL Compilation</h1>
+<div id="body1528161858339"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__section60205875143313"><h4 class="sectiontitle">DDL</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__ul1972862419595"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1072832415918">[Proposal] In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__text526581581">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you are advised to execute DDL operations, such as creating table or making comments, separately from batch processing jobs to avoid performance deterioration caused by many concurrent transactions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li5212735919">[Proposal] Execute data truncation after unlogged tables are used because <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__text281995683">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cannot ensure the security of unlogged tables in abnormal scenarios.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1719012919599">[Proposal] Suggestions on the storage mode of temporary and unlogged tables are the same as those on base tables. Create temporary tables in the same storage mode as the base tables to avoid high computing costs caused by hybrid row and column correlation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1661583105916">[Proposal] The total length of an index column cannot exceed 50 bytes. Otherwise, the index size will increase greatly, resulting in large storage cost and low index performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li17294434115910">[Proposal] Do not delete objects using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b175334270593533">DROP...CASCADE</strong>, unless the dependency between objects is specified. Otherwise, the objects may be deleted by mistake.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__section45234071153513"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Loading and Uninstalling</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__ul866153885912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1466143811599">[Proposal] Provide the inserted column list in the insert statement. Example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen206623818595"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">task</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">comment</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'task1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'100'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'100th task'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1018434110596">[Proposal] After data is imported to the database in batches or the data increment reaches the threshold, you are advised to analyze tables to prevent the execution plan from being degraded due to inaccurate statistics.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li18713443105913">[Proposal] To clear all data in a table, you are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b1688884693638">TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> instead of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b200528289993638">DELETE TABLE</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b60032975893717">DELETE TABLE</strong> is not efficient and cannot release disk space occupied by the deleted data.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__section28537273145311"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type conversion</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__ul11745246115918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li27451746135914">[Proposal] Perform type coercion to convert data types. If you perform implicit conversion, the result may differ from expected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li3440349125917">[Proposal] During data query, explicitly specify the data type for constants, and do not attempt to perform any implicit data type conversion.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1731052145918">[Notice] In Oracle compatibility mode, null strings will be automatically converted to NULL during data import. If a null string needs to be reserved, you need to create a database that is compatible with Teradata.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__section48841047154511"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Query Operation</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__ul31156185916"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1311156185914">[Proposal] Do not return a large number of result sets to a client except the ETL program. If a large result set is returned, consider modifying your service design.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li8373115875917">[Proposal] Perform DDL and DML operations encapsulated in transactions. Operations like table truncation, update, deletion, and dropping, cannot be rolled back once committed. You are advised to encapsulate such operations in transactions so that you can roll back the operations if necessary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li13858707018">[Proposal] During query compilation, you are advised to list all columns to be queried and avoid using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706162352">*</strong>. Doing so reduces output lines, improves query performance, and avoids the impact of adding or deleting columns on front-end service compatibility.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li18254841303">[Proposal] During table object access, add the schema prefix to the table object to avoid accessing an unexpected table due to schema switchover.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li36071160012">[Proposal] The cost of joining more than three tables or views, especially full joins, is difficult to be estimated. You are advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706114736">WITH TABLE AS</strong> statement to create interim tables to improve the readability of SQL statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li17291295012">[Proposal] Do not use Cartesian products or full joins. Cartesian products and full joins will result in a sharp expansion of result sets and poor performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li142772131306">[Notice] Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706115240">IS NULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706115243">IS NOT NULL</strong> can be used to determine NULL value comparison results. If any other method is used, NULL is returned. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b1727151044012">NULL</strong> instead of expected Boolean values is returned for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706115627">NULL&lt;&gt;NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706115631">NULL=NULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706115635">NULL&lt;&gt;1</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li16640101611013">[Notice] Do not use count(col) instead of count(*) to count the total number of records in a table. count(*) counts the NULL value (actual rows) while count (col) does not.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li94211913016">[Notice] While executing count(col), the number of NULL record rows is counted as 0. While executing sum(col), NULL is returned if all records are NULL. If not all the records are NULL, the number of NULL record rows is counted as 0.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li96616211405">[Notice] To count multiple columns using count(), column names must be enclosed with parentheses. For example, count ((col1, col2, col3)). Note: When multiple columns are used to count the number of NULL record rows, a row is counted even if all the selected columns are NULL. The result is the same as that when count(*) is executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li159382516013">[Notice] Null records are not counted when count(distinct col) is used to calculate the number of non-null columns that are not repeated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li174733286016">[Notice] If all statistical columns are NULL when count(distinct (col1,col2,...)) is used to count the number of unique values in multiple columns, Null records are also counted, and the records are considered the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li875853413494">[Notice] When constants are used to filter data, the system searches for functions used for calculating these two data types based on the data types of the constants and matched columns. If no function is found, the system converts the data type implicitly. Then, the system searches for a function used for calculating the converted data type.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen1269491605712">SELECT * FROM test WHERE timestamp_col = 20000101;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__p3801145495418">In the preceding example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b4478175201020">timestamp_col</strong> is the timestamp type, the system first searches for the function that supports the "equal" operation of the timestamp and int types (constant numbers are considered as the int type). If no such function is found, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b1528517173164">timestamp_col</strong> data and constant numbers are implicitly converted into the text type for calculation.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li54741939206">[Proposal] Do not use scalar subquery statements. A scalar subquery appears in the output list of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b17735115516138">SELECT</strong> statement. In the following example, the part enclosed in parentheses is a scalar subquery statement:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen047418392014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">films</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">did</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__p65339406113426">Scalar subqueries often result in query performance deterioration. During application development, scalar subqueries need to be converted into equivalent table associations based on the service logic.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li6104647302">[Proposal] In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706172811">WHERE</strong> clauses, the filtering conditions should be sorted. The condition that few records are selected for reading (the number of filtered records is small) is listed at the beginning.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li20777449808">[Proposal] Filtering conditions in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706172821">WHERE</strong> clauses should comply with unilateral rules. That is, when the column name is placed on one side of a comparison operator, the optimizer automatically performs pruning optimization in some scenarios. Filtering conditions in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b124629312895126">WHERE</strong> clause will be displayed in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b139129845295126">col op expression</strong> format, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b119823048695126">col</strong> indicates a table column, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b1037389995126">op</strong> indicates a comparison operator, such as = and &gt;, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b89754445695126">expression</strong> indicates an expression that does not contain a column name. For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen677711491903"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_image_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_person_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_video_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">face_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__p26912854112759">The modification is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen40889095112759"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_image_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_person_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_video_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">face_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li18346183117">[Proposal] Do not perform unnecessary sorting operations. Sorting requires a large amount of memory and CPU. If service logic permits, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706164621">ORDER BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706164624">LIMIT</strong> can be combined to reduce resource overhead. By default, data in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__text30313868">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is sorted by ASC &amp; NULL LAST.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1294114512111">[Proposal] When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706164757">ORDER BY</strong> clause is used for sorting, specify sorting modes (ASC or DESC), and use NULL FIRST or NULL LAST for NULL record sorting.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li5371188317">[proposal] Do not rely on only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706165145">LIMIT</strong> clause to return the result set displayed in a specific sequence. Combine <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706165346">ORDER BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706165350">LIMIT</strong> clauses for some specific result sets and use offset to skip specific results if necessary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li861011115">[Proposal] If the service logic is accurate, you are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617118">UNION ALL</strong> instead of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617121">UNION</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li957714131716">[Proposal] If a filtering condition contains only an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617126">OR</strong> expression, convert the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617135">OR </strong>expression to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617131">UNION ALL</strong> to improve performance. SQL statements that use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b84235270617155">OR</strong> expressions cannot be optimized, resulting in slow execution. Example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen1757791320111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">scdc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pub_menu</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">302</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">302</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__p9824563112759">Convert the statement to the following:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen36954014112759"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">scdc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pub_menu</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">scdc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pub_menu</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">302</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cdp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">302</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li88758236119">[Proposal] If an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706163646">in(val1, val2, va...)</strong> expression contains a large number of columns, you are advised to replace it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706163620">in (values (va11), (val2),(val3...)</strong> statement. The optimizer will automatically convert the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b1458111681316">IN</strong> constraint into a non-correlated subquery to improve the query performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li1837032616114">[Proposal] Replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706174314">(not) in</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706174319">(not) exist</strong> when associated columns do not contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b176681586284">NULL</strong> values. For example, in the following query statement, if the T1.C1 column does not contain any NULL value, add the NOT NULL constraint to the T1.C1 column, and then rewrite the statements.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen133702262115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__p58071969112759">Rewrite the statement as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__screen52885675112759"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__note30088550112759"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__ul33169334112759"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li6209029112759">If the value of the T1.C1 column will possibly be NULL, the preceding rewriting cannot be performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li55881264112759">If T1.C1 is the output of a subquery, check whether the output is NOT NULL based on the service logic.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__li145891038416">[Proposal] Use cursors instead of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814543__b842352706171649">LIMIT OFFSET</strong> syntax to perform pagination queries to avoid resource overheads caused by multiple executions. A cursor must be used in a transaction, and you must disable it and commit transaction once the query is finished.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0085.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0085.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c67ca82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0085.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134652"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134652"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</h1>
+<div id="body1494318355094"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0086.html">Development Specifications</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0087.html">Downloading Drivers</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0086.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0086.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0bb5ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0086.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Development Specifications</h1>
+<div id="body1524796389552"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__p168620462426">If the connection pool mechanism is used during application development, comply with the following specifications:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__ul319815399488"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__li319853920486">If GUC parameters are set in the connection, before you return the connection to the connection pool, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__b84235270618227">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT;RESET ALL;</strong> to clear the connection status.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__li7553164720488">If a temporary table is used, delete it before you return the connection to the connection pool.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974850__p1686746104213">If you do not do so, the status of connections in the connection pool will remain, which affects subsequent operations using the connection pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0085.html">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0087.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0087.html
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index 00000000..84ca25e5
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147147293"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147147293"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Downloading Drivers</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147147293__en-us_topic_0000001099130898_p4451066501">For details, see section "Downloading the JDBC or ODBC Driver" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147147293__i0667146155217">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0085.html">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0088.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0088.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0088.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974872"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974872"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JDBC-Based Development</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974872__aa806003196d444e4910e8aeb1d0e7753">Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is a Java API for executing SQL statements, providing a unified access interface for different relational databases, based on which applications process data. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974872__text868486363">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports JDBC 4.0 and requires JDK 1.6 or later for code compiling. It does not support JDBC-ODBC Bridge.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0090.html">JDBC Package and Driver Class</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0091.html">Development Process</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0092.html">Loading a Driver</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0093.html">Connecting to a Database</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0095.html">Executing SQL Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0096.html">Processing Data in a Result Set</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0097.html">Closing the Connection</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0098.html">Example: Common Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0099.html">Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0100.html">Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0101.html">Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0085.html">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0090.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0090.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03564848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0090.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JDBC Package and Driver Class</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__sbfa536a4d98e47b384c69d8cb91db388"><h4 class="sectiontitle">JDBC Package</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__p759115835819"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__ph158921831987">Obtain the package <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__b5875103351920">dws_8.1.x_jdbc_driver.zip</strong> from the management console. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0087.html">Downloading Drivers</a>.</span>  </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__p18962111516415">Compressed in it is the JDBC driver JAR package:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__p51891491255"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__b9233114133513">gsjdbc4.jar</strong>: Driver package compatible with PostgreSQL. The class name and class structure in the driver are the same as those in the PostgreSQL driver. All the applications running on PostgreSQL can be smoothly transferred to the current system.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__s10fda0404a3e43beba982d84bd15dc54"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Driver Class</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__a0419f434ab2c4e3ba492911d10066c10">Before creating a database connection, you need to load the database driver class <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__b374112488439">org.postgresql.Driver</strong> (decompressed from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814720__b16741124864310">gsjdbc4.jar</strong>).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0091.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0091.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed5f2881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0091.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814473"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814473"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Development Process</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814473__fcafbde07cfaa494ab49f20ae5bd84b7a"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>JDBC-based application development process</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814473__i6a73e7281bc64638b280d20b489a02a6" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815162.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0092.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0092.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15e76e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0092.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Loading a Driver</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__aad761dbdae3142a18755e96188b06794">Load the database driver before creating a database connection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__ac499bb5780dd4eaeb2580d1011438f6b">You can load the driver in the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__ubd790d2e5a5c43c192c02a1c1c2a9b71"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__l96db4ecf7bd9477cb3a0d3f76cf2a095">Implicitly loading the driver before creating a connection in the code: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__b17355821013">Class.forName ("org.postgresql.Driver")</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__l1dd4ec6c9812458db1b7207604b27579">Transferring a parameter during the JVM startup: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694779__b616316121518">java -Djdbc.drivers=org.postgresql.Driver jdbctest</strong></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0093.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0093.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bad9b7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0093.html
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Connecting to a Database</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__en-us_topic_0059779354_p948818398417">After a database is connected, you can execute SQL statements in the database.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__note19342720153419"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p2065920386471">If you use an open-source Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver, ensure that the database parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b19894113153316">password_encryption_type</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b3746203323314">1</strong>. If the value is not 1, the connection may fail. A typical error message is "none of the server's SASL authentication mechanisms are supported." To avoid such problems, perform the following operations:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ol1867461614519"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li18674101613513">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b0287540315">password_encryption_type</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b128764103114">1</strong>. For details, see "Modifying Database Parameters" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__i162877415317">User Guide</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li8674191619518">Create a new database user for connection or reset the password of the existing database user.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ul136741416145115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li867431618515">If you use an administrator account, reset the password. For details, see "Password Reset" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__i519563620402">User Guide</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li1745295113575">If you are a common user, use another client tool (such as Data Studio) to connect to the database and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b16330145103915">ALTER USER</strong> statement to change your password.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li176328710583">Connect to the database.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p24118503415"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p20733151055215">Here are the reasons why you need to perform these operations:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ul9472201514422"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li5472715124217">MD5 algorithms may by vulnerable to collision attacks and cannot be used for password verification. Currently, GaussDB(DWS) uses the default security design. By default, MD5 password verification is disabled, but MD5 is required by the open-source libpq communication protocol of PostgreSQL. For connectivity purposes, you need to adjust the cryptographic algorithm parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1730912544373">password_encryption_type</strong> and enable the MD5 algorithm.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li1847220158427">The database stores the hash digest of passwords instead of password text. During password verification, the system compares the hash digest with the password digest sent from the client (salt operations are involved). If you change your cryptographic algorithm policy, the database cannot generate a new MD5 hash digest for your existing password. For connectivity purposes, you must manually change your password or create a new user. The new password will be encrypted using the hash algorithm and stored for authentication in the next connection.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__s57807bb88f8443d89adad8e3f8ee5264"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function Prototype</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a1290a21c3f4a42fe8ed5b87a7fa27bea">JDBC provides the following three database connection methods:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__u88b2b87027a6476e83080b599bf37529"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__le6dca7e0a8ef4394a6e497986423f777">DriverManager.getConnection(String url);</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l20aec76f8c1043558cd368166daa9aa6">DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info);</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l6efd1f62c2ae49bcbb0e6bd6e1768aeb">DriverManager.getConnection(String url, String user, String password);</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__s3f963f87690b40dc8d480e5acca94eb4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__t6e91fcf016964232ae79f17e8160e7ce" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Database connection parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__r51e724f205e64ddc99f18495764e935a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__aef564c8a17fd44b799850596b376c501">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a45a65a35a7374832ad0b76f1590eae48">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__r93dfa37ce5944dedba6aa61c568a1f91"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__add7cddadf9d44578925be52df2dfe367">url</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a1cf0afcb331646d887bdf79d72ad4b88"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b16015422218">gsjdbc4.jar</strong> database connection descriptor. The descriptor format can be:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ude90174d20344cc1aa2bffac0ce922db"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l9de386d881f2401da4ee43320fb31dc7">jdbc:postgresql:database</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l73b378cf34d34098a3c3f7f7a428a0f0">jdbc:postgresql://host/database</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l2d519f1cef1a4e90b2c85191716f6980">jdbc:postgresql://host:port/database</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li139771853413">jdbc:postgresql://host:port[,host:port][...]/database</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__n16fc25d92c244d68817e6df6d768bbc9"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p1069826216120">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b13149538225">gsjdbc200.jar</strong> is used, replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b3755717230">jdbc:postgresql</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b118051110234">jdbc:gaussdb</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ue24edf2cc0a9448495fbf4a286ba0e10"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l817d6a9711c24629bb836d2812711c69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b84235270610641">database</strong>: indicates the name of the database to be connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__lcdc7dc18e83e43d08a39fac766e1f87c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b93879364443">host</strong>: indicates the name or IP address of the database server.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__en-us_topic_0059779354_p461072082618">Specify the IP address for connecting to the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text1664272195518">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster on <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text881055218512">GaussDB(DWS)</span> management console. If the connected host and the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text7425515125211">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster are in the same network, select the private IP address. Otherwise, select the public IP address.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p1441610315219">For security purposes, the CN forbids access from other nodes in the cluster without authentication. To access the CN from inside the cluster, deploy the JDBC program on the host where the CN is located and set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b4127181518014">host</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b157902191903">127.0.0.1</strong>. Otherwise, the error message <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b5557154416393">FATAL: Forbid remote connection with trust method!</strong> may be displayed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p572510297236">It is recommended that the service system be deployed outside the cluster. Otherwise, the database performance may be affected.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__lb7a87e31c5f84c8b98d83b732a43f16e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b81921558103110">port</strong>: indicates the port number of a database server. By default, the database on port <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b10941163641812"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text1768017568445">8000</span></strong> of the local host is connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li1881420322246">Multiple IP addresses and ports can be configured. JDBC balances load by random access and failover, and will automatically ignore unreachable IP addresses.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p8590193320245"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li1881420322246"></a><a name="li1881420322246"></a>IP addresses are separated using commas. Example: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b14570888849957">jdbc:postgresql://10.10.0.13:<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text1862833875917">8000</span>,10.10.0.14:<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__text191961546205919">8000</span>/database</strong></p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__re8422e921f2545ef81f269251b095386"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a4cc9c4f2d6ad4a438da6b4be4a0bbb49">info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a3fac73fcef9f445e90ab567819781679">Database connection properties. Common properties include:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__ue7508e5a1b3a4615a5eff8dc9eac753a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__l95f308a3ce844132917dd5e8cb23952a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b2861061114423">user</strong>: string type. It indicates the database user who creates the connection.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__lda3b1ec2df6a4266883da278e93624d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b6391245314423">password</strong>: string type. It indicates the password of a database user.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__lc5eb481b22754604b1c4d476f1c2a7bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b2319919214423">ssl</strong>: boolean type. It indicates whether the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li87792117464"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b923522303920">loggerLevel</strong>: string type. It indicates the amount of information that the driver logs and prints to the LogStream or LogWriter specified in the DriverManager. Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b8456181454015">OFF</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b173895164401">DEBUG</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b105641319204016">TRACE</strong> are supported. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b880513515404">DEBUG</strong> indicates that only logs of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b284119512400">DEBUG</strong> or higher level are printed, generating little log information. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b479283415413">TRACE</strong> indicates that logs of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b6739542423">DEBUG</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b8415168154219">TRACE</strong> levels are printed, generating detailed log information. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b9451161111447">OFF</strong>, indicating that no information will be logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__lc810077008fa4d9798ae733ee402cccf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b3452109514423">prepareThreshold</strong>: integer type. It indicates the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b5430114423">PreparedStatement</strong> executions required before requests are converted to prepared statements in servers. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b842352706101416">5</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li62157221239"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b16976118111310">batchMode</strong>: boolean type. It indicates whether to connect the database in batch mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li198011645489"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b16844342121812">fetchsize</strong>: integer type. It indicates the default fetch size for statements in the created connection.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li1580508012022"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1871763815910">ApplicationName</strong>: string type. It indicates an application name. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1840414470017">PostgreSQL JDBC Driver</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li20991068101733"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b2597248141315">allowReadOnly</strong>: boolean type. It indicates whether to enable the read-only mode for connection. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1360319489131">false</strong>. If the value is not changed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b176039484135">true</strong>, the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b106031448141316">connection.setReadOnly</strong> does not take effect.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li58920766163137"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b121531640883">blobMode</strong>: string type. It is used to set the setBinaryStream method to assign values to different data types. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b2062210518193">on</strong> indicates that values are assigned to the BLOB data type and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1840811184209">off</strong> indicates that values are assigned to the BYTEA data type. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b149051051202012">on</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__li14943122819372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b432619279322">connectionExtraInfo</strong>: boolean type. It indicates whether the JDBC driver reports the driver deployment path and process owner to the database.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__note177665024418"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__p197674018449">The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1286716280522">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b38689287521">false</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1186818287524">false</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b58331329323">connectionExtraInfo</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b1483413328329">true</strong>, the JDBC driver reports the driver deployment path and process owner to the database and displays the information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__b148341032163210">connection_info</strong> parameter (see <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318">connection_info</a>). In this case, you can query the information from <a href="dws_04_0755.html">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</a> or <a href="dws_04_0820.html">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__r223c3793463b444e8a1683caf4a924db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__abcc03c869ece4e74bcb4076fd9069460">user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a878f4a74845e43a193e472f0e1793648">Indicates a database user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__r1831a5c112ff497cb01f3fd429381fe5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a96330c6820aa4816bc5ec7468a0adb9d">password</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__a222b29624efe4ae49abbae1bc5e01e1a">Indicates the password of a database user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__s2157acc2f22b412795a8d0d62ab83478"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134844__sffed43fecea943d5854883c3e205febc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">//The following code encapsulates database connection operations into an interface. The database can then be connected using an authorized username and password.</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">GetConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//Set the driver class.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//Set the database connection descriptor.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.10.0.13:8000/postgres?currentSchema=test&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Load the driver.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="c1">//Create a connection.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Connection succeed!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Executing SQL Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__seedce51bc64543109debfe824b99d2a7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Executing an Ordinary SQL Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__a6e26fef4ac794cfaabb42a3cea83fcfd">The application performs data (parameter statements do not need to be transferred) in the database by running SQL statements, and you need to perform the following steps:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__od80fab0b68a7455eba506f902f2a3ddd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__laa5ea2f411964abe99583dd56f4b229f"><span>Create a statement object by triggering the createStatement method in Connection.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__scc7a46689b5044ce86d967a0e0aafa9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">con</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__le62d99553f0746dbb518c6b2aea025fb"><span>Execute the SQL statement by triggering the executeUpdate method in Statement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s3976853d48e44ddb8f8b20550b38aabc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE customer_t1(c_customer_sk INTEGER, c_customer_name VARCHAR(32));&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__note43018115566"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__p143015115613">If an execution request (not in a transaction block) received in the database contains multiple statements, the request is packed into a transaction. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__b13904151317113">VACUUM</strong> is not supported in a transaction block. If one of the statements fails, the entire request will be rolled back.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__le872a5264dbc47f299fa6d0662cd3f19"><span>Close the statement object.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__sa336362225ba48a6b026d681cd042d6d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s96c67fb12826423da676aaf61aefd78d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Executing a Prepared SQL Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__abc6c9fe498f64d7cb313b63993acb962">Pre-compiled statements were once complied and optimized and can have additional parameters for different usage. For the statements have been pre-compiled, the execution efficiency is greatly improved. If you want to execute a statement for several times, use a precompiled statement. Perform the following procedure:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__o65a67c157f534f0eab08606102dfdc06"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l2c51aa8a6d5b4f2ca549655c96d3c211"><span>Create a prepared statement object by calling the prepareStatement method in Connection.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__se8d919a71a924aca93b31078fa954f3b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">con</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;UPDATE customer_t1 SET c_customer_name = ? WHERE c_customer_sk = 1&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l4ec8de48b6ab408fb3810cfcd330e3e3"><span>Set parameters by triggering the setShort method in PreparedStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s9db8278559c845bda8ffe2ff3b893caf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setShort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">short</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__lb4b42c5c03ac4c22a069801f188925ac"><span>Execute the precompiled SQL statement by triggering the executeUpdate method in PreparedStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s6069f0ae2a7340729071d9acf1dbd2e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__la0935e0273e54c71b9b765ac69defd9a"><span>Close the precompiled statement object by calling the close method in PreparedStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s0580899445564489a15b4feceb1e1c95"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s4dfb9daec59d4f389cd34e3fb3f1721f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Calling a Stored Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__a9c71a030be8a4e6eb4a9851de0aa38a3">Perform the following steps to call existing stored procedures through the JDBC interface in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__text248628301">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__o751c2d03069f45e4a15357a061dca052"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l6fc1a7bf8cae4abb99b65ab857738758"><span>Create a call statement object by calling the prepareCall method in Connection.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s1ddd5fad7b15406a969b75073d1fbf0f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CallableStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareCall</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{? = CALL TESTPROC(?,?,?)}&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l97575c39321e44f49820c0eb746e8937"><span>Set parameters by calling the setInt method in CallableStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s2e0a94034ea84395a62e4029cedde964"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l8f820cede211424b8df7b4fc214546e2"><span>Register with an output parameter by calling the registerOutParameter method in CallableStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s9036a8e4e62345f694e3480fe9b1037a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">registerOutParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Types</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Register an OUT parameter as an integer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l2be612f25b38426e998bbc27f5fda479"><span>Call the stored procedure by calling the execute method in CallableStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s3cb03f117ad94b9ea57774ea6659a3fb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l7a1a13697d8c45df82c4364a4f7877b0"><span>Obtain the output parameter by calling the getInt method in CallableStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s326c70e767be40a49f33cb3ad202a737"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Obtain the OUT parameter.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__a48088eae82f94332b749f703b084d50e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s9dfd0fc5586d464ebdf741ac5a35b8fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">following</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stored</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">been</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">created</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">parameter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">testproc</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_in1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_in2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_in1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_in2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__ld71588e036014fb3a389bf120f3f7e53"><span>Close the call statement by calling the close method in CallableStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s16070aa4eb274c66a438cddc0786c353"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__n4041a0742a4943618209e12e01e140a5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__u1067bdd3f91e44669ff60f9f968b2a64"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l2a64881c703e4cc4ad3dffae492827ed">Many database classes such as Connection, Statement, and ResultSet have a close() method. Close these classes after using their objects. Close these actions after using their objects. Closing Connection will close all the related Statements, and closing a Statement will close its ResultSet.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__lf026385f16664773928d36a986a22d0b">Some JDBC drivers support named parameters, which can be used to set parameters by name rather than sequence. If a parameter has a default value, you do not need to specify any parameter value but can use the default value directly. Even though the parameter sequence changes during a stored procedure, the application does not need to be modified. Currently, the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__text1887320570">GaussDB(DWS)</span> JDBC driver does not support this method.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l7cd25cbe3a28413f9b24a6e195ef995a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__text1316912952">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support functions containing OUT parameters, or default values of stored procedures and function parameters.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__nb3c665c7bf30419bbb4a55a377541cb4"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__ul1572115984013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__li1772459104010">If JDBC is used to call a stored procedure whose returned value is a cursor, the returned cursor cannot be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__li127235915404">A stored procedure and an SQL statement must be executed separately.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s3e1289baf28d4050a293e5819da47e59"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Batch Processing</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__a899a6b6f7ded4689a1ed8e6ec91dda51">When a prepared statement batch processes multiple pieces of similar data, the database creates only one execution plan. This improves the compilation and optimization efficiency. Perform the following procedure:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__of226754e29b64759891afb1cc71be5c3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l47a34bc6658144f9baa7367bdb513a60"><span>Create a prepared statement object by calling the prepareStatement method in Connection.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s77c3aea59eab4c15bc4ed1fed424fc2e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">con</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO customer_t1 VALUES (?)&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l50c0193581e94bb89dfd1035e345712f"><span>Call the setShort parameter for each piece of data, and call addBatch to confirm that the setting is complete.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__sa528a3d7ad4143e1a552bb9a4855c627"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setShort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">short</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">addBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__l25535c189a9c4fb9875dd132d8fb6d0d"><span>Execute batch processing by calling the executeBatch method in PreparedStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__saac2f60509f549ec912eee6a1a44af27"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__lddc50a4ab6f44e538d59f9f38fddc2b2"><span>Close the precompiled statement object by calling the close method in PreparedStatement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__s1f852d944ed24af5b5cb0d3f95b7fe04"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__nca404e9c2a984980a0ae538c4c17ef72"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__a50e29b736bbd4c9db880ba54cf0e82a6">Do not terminate a batch processing action when it is ongoing; otherwise, the database performance will deteriorate. Therefore, disable the automatic submission function during batch processing, and manually submit every several lines. The statement for disabling automatic submission is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655120__b842352706213448">conn.setAutoCommit(false)</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Processing Data in a Result Set</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__s2dbeb414c3704d41bb86b1562a38a3f4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting a Result Set Type</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a2e95d3d210864a0fb72139aed9a3e9ee">Different types of result sets are applicable to different application scenarios. Applications select proper types of result sets based on requirements. Before executing an SQL statement, you must create a statement object. Some methods of creating statement objects can set the type of a result set. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tf4a21db4c1e4442387c08601671ce2f4">Table 1</a> lists result set parameters. The related Connection methods are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__s889beb6999f14f02952cb161ce6de982"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//Create a Statement object. This object will generate a ResultSet object with a specified type and concurrency.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">createStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetConcurrency</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">//Create a PreparedStatement object. This object will generate a ResultSet object with a specified type and concurrency.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetConcurrency</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">//Create a CallableStatement object. This object will generate a ResultSet object with a specified type and concurrency.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">prepareCall</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resultSetConcurrency</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tf4a21db4c1e4442387c08601671ce2f4"></a><a name="tf4a21db4c1e4442387c08601671ce2f4"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tf4a21db4c1e4442387c08601671ce2f4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Result set types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r40d92343ef944ef68fea70229262dd1a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.339999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a61f70bd94fac442c8cd537ac0ef79dbd">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.66%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__aa0d5ac98a6064b1699ace0d52da29197">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ref624d97f9df4949a09361fcd2700d5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ab530645a6188474094785e624c038ac5">resultSetType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.66%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a4679d6ea2130436bb8d70f3cd20631ed">Indicates the type of a result set. There are three types of result sets:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__u1664852cf1d64f38941bab3e81b89dd1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__l58791580276e4fa988c1cf15cb7019f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__b3870904514916">ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</strong>: The ResultSet object can only be navigated forward. It is the default value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__lb1ff029dafea4d48a7df70f121048c3b"><strong>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</strong>: You can view the modified result by scrolling to the modified row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__lb8dc2f09f1b841d0a6a230db4722c472"><strong>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</strong>: The ResultSet object is insensitive to changes in the underlying data source.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__n272cd80fa5804d86aa4a6696c07dba67"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a6081deb1b02e4ac2a64fc1834ea98b88">After a result set has obtained data from the database, the result set is insensitive to data changes made by other transactions, even if the result set type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__b1964703114916">ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</strong>. To obtain up-to-date data of the record pointed by the cursor from the database, call the refreshRow() method in a ResultSet object.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rb1ab2b3a9b8d48ebb92e6d000b5f0ee6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ae49a8005c7c14dd89a312c9c78576371">resultSetConcurrency</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.66%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a39f53179172345ecb67123e2b27d2672">Indicates the concurrency type of a result set. There are two types of concurrency.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__uca264e0c1f9742998a07094c121fe9ca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__l6db0e493331048d5acd72d6d40792daf"><strong>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</strong>: The data in a result set cannot be updated except that an updated statement has been created in the result set data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__lc63b58bf358a499fbfd242c647bd7b1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__b558478714916">ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATEABLE</strong>: changeable result set. The concurrency type for a result set object can be updated if the result set is scrollable.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__sc2acc727959e4260a2705a6f5c74ca4d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Positioning a Cursor in a Result Set</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a1ca4c0f431064823a8d5a170061c7efb">ResultSet objects include a cursor pointing to the current data row. The cursor is initially positioned before the first row. The next method moves the cursor to the next row from its current position. When a ResultSet object does not have a next row, a call to the next method returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__b3944064214916">false</strong>. Therefore, this method is used in the while loop for result set iteration. However, the JDBC driver provides more cursor positioning methods for scrollable result sets, which allows positioning cursor in the specified row. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__t7c74083b23ab4f64a5f834fed336b1d3">Table 2</a> lists these methods.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__t7c74083b23ab4f64a5f834fed336b1d3"></a><a name="t7c74083b23ab4f64a5f834fed336b1d3"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__t7c74083b23ab4f64a5f834fed336b1d3" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Methods for positioning a cursor in a result set</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rff18aadc29dd4c70a56c238d7b53b4ce"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__afbc56e632f0042b9ba9fd12df11e2dfb">Method</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__aeac9bedaecdc48568c5ddb2dfd586720">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rfbe5e00f51934d7194e3ba44262a05a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a7faa0af7cff840b2b32e438ae0ecd587">next()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__afec93c934daa41428815a6ebab63571d">Moves cursor to the next row from its current position.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rb13611bb628941b7a1220dfdf3bb90a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a0560f4381f3e42b1bac74012c3691497">previous()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ad0928809690f4a70bd3f4ca48bf12071">Moves cursor to the previous row from its current position.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ra1a3ffa8c488489dbd380d84cd6ba76b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a5cfb761e1af8494fb599ca06e0b140af">beforeFirst()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ac7356435de2b494f9bb47352f80844fa">Places cursor before the first row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r166ffdb01fee4d709336933558736303"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a5a7f473a6eb746939fd0a5cdb1271b08">afterLast()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ac7b52415acb84c0a953e3a60476ed0a0">Places cursor after the last row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r2a083a24d00248dfac830d2fd7ce72e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a0a0c76c55ac142beae2124fdc30585dd">first()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a057cd80da9f64f19a2123f89823d4890">Places cursor to the first row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r8385311557ed4727bc7004cfe42359e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a15ec3841111441b48ac76ba7e1f17945">last()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ad8a59a91dff84bd59fa6ebb934ffb4db">Places cursor to the last row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rd9e5abe2bcca4093a6cc7b71c20e89f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ac616836e17f14c69a7d7a4498442a811">absolute(int)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a91ad70b5d16744af8b2e27cdd87d5209">Places cursor to a specified row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r97c2876dc565463fa96d9c9c42d0952a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a2727b1c7dd224e74836948a0fc5d36a2">relative(int)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a6194e20d567a43d1bf38c2311f4bc979">Moves cursor forward or backward a specified number of rows.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__s43ff7f9600d54a9fbc94764f26a522c4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Obtaining the cursor position from a result set</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a13add4f4a29d4ef892f213297dbcd204">This cursor positioning method will be used to change the cursor position for a scrollable result set. JDBC driver provides a method to obtain the cursor position in a result set. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tfd5153ee41c24ba2b4651df5d3284791">Table 3</a> lists the method.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tfd5153ee41c24ba2b4651df5d3284791"></a><a name="tfd5153ee41c24ba2b4651df5d3284791"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__tfd5153ee41c24ba2b4651df5d3284791" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Method for obtaining the cursor position in a result set</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r22832a2732ba4dab96fbe853d2959eec"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__afdef2e6c8eb640baa208010ea5b76c2b">Method</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ae8d6aad6d1024292906891a2d03a8d92">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r9614749ee9cb4cdcafdcb85a4d75428b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ac680374a7dc742aeb0bde17b1dd0a43d">isFirst()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ad0ec1d0eacaf45c2b801a7e325d922c1">Checks whether the cursor is in the first row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rf25dd72da82a496692ef38d306929ee7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ac756f54e229e44539fd7c78d5f7d27e2">isLast()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__acecdf821e85a408fa75caefcbcb8e067">Checks whether the cursor is in the last row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rc2a4d234e3d7419aacdfd98b3b7d5711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a7d80de42390943d09d35487566a6944a">isBeforeFirst()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a448a45181ab74b1da54f40eab2d7ea65">Checks whether the cursor is before the first row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__rea7787ac617d4f9281bbc3fdd11248df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__aa8031b2222054086a2a582135d8f4d71">isAfterLast()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a228fb6beb798432a8d92f89296fdad66">Checks whether the cursor is after the last row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r499b93bf06224118a4ba82785ae55d88"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a3a9ef19c74cb4edd9437c0286cf508a2">getRow()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__aaa7f67d5f9c3427095bbf9fe8c3cdf62">Gets the current row number of the cursor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__s4e4a6cee4ea34d6baa21dda274dd986b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Obtaining data from a result set</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a53ea89c53e0e43e0b2e3e11df03898bf">ResultSet objects provide a variety of methods to obtain data from a result set. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__te04a9fc2304947d4aea4b6d93aaae1b5">Table 4</a> lists the common methods for obtaining data. If you want to know more about other methods, see JDK official documents.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__te04a9fc2304947d4aea4b6d93aaae1b5"></a><a name="te04a9fc2304947d4aea4b6d93aaae1b5"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__te04a9fc2304947d4aea4b6d93aaae1b5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>Common methods for obtaining data from a result set</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r140345648c2f4afd857b588850b9a538"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ada2d96e779674ad099d635ee5c222d1e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__b84235270616346">Method</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a75d73956d2f442eeba4fe109be64fbb6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r7305ae089ded464dbd16af97541e90c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a52da8ee8b30c4cc2a545623948f723dd">int getInt(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a3619097888e14b8ea51a9e2234a09861">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column index in the current row as an int.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r8563be04e38a44149a9cf15cc2b6a87b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a59d701f0888642afbd04d88bf72ebc43">int getInt(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a5a617eadfcb946418659f053e1b402ee">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column label in the current row as an int.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r9edf8584b26d4aa29d31d436b5f065e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a51b10d693a8a4339985b93f5e7761157">String getString(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__afe46df6a3fd74d39b21cb504a6934bfb">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column index in the current row as a String.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r954ac3a147274dabb08046ab1dacf048"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ade711a8da7be4e2dbbe82831b1f4e564">String getString(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a54ceeadcd31042ddac636dc96cf3b277">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column label in the current row as a String.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r68724dc937fe43ef8b68ac75abcacbc6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a7cad938dc76c48bc94b37a2d13e42d77">Date getDate(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__aaa2a3d5e6ec541469ae2ecbd1035b095">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column index in the current row as a Date.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__r5ab368195e634c80ade018715fd01bdf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__a3fdff4b6f7794f3793b013a035e65d73">Date getDate(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654966__ae37cbcb99d064a928dcc68b4b297559d">Retrieves the value of the column designated by a column name in the current row as a Date.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0097.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0097.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e8a82a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0097.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974486"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974486"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Closing the Connection</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974486__a9c43dd285a564389bc399599be9fa0b3">After you complete required data operations in the database, close the database connection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974486__a412783c252024c7fac7cf698eb4a94e9">Call the close method to close the connection, such as, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974486__b842352706114736">conn. close()</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0098.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0098.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80a90310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0098.html
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Common Operations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__section8820452474"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__p6320181125511">Before completing the following example, you need to create a stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__s9dfd0fc5586d464ebdf741ac5a35b8fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">testproc</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_in1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_in2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_in1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_in2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psv_inout</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__a576944990d75455893aebb8e8f175b6f">This example illustrates how to develop applications based on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__text1800809317">GaussDB(DWS)</span> JDBC interface.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__s745314d7b40b42dd99a0c2b182cf2b67"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">  1</span>
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+<span class="normal">168</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//DBtest.java</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// This example illustrates the main processes of JDBC-based development, covering database connection creation, table creation, and data insertion.</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.PreparedStatement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.CallableStatement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">DBTest</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">GetConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://localhost:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Load the database driver.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">newInstance</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Connection succeed!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run an ordinary SQL statement. Create a customer_t1 table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">CreateTable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Run an ordinary SQL statement.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE customer_t1(c_customer_sk INTEGER, c_customer_name VARCHAR(32));&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run the preprocessing statement to insert data in batches.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">BatchInsertData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Generate a prepared statement.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO customer_t1 VALUES (?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//Add parameters.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;data &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">addBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Run batch processing.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run the precompilation statement to update data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ExecPreparedSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;UPDATE customer_t1 SET c_customer_name = ? WHERE c_customer_sk = 1&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;new Data&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+
+<span class="c1">//Run a stored procedure.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ExecCallableSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CallableStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareCall</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{? = CALL TESTPROC(?,?,?)}&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">registerOutParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Types</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Register an OUT parameter as an integer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Obtain the out parameter value.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The CallableStatment TESTPROC returns:&quot;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">cstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="cm">/**</span>
+<span class="cm">   * Main process. Call static methods one by one.</span>
+<span class="cm">   * @param args</span>
+<span class="cm">  */</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;tester&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Create a table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CreateTable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Insert data in batches.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BatchInsertData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run the precompilation statement to update data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ExecPreparedSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Run a stored procedure.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ExecCallableSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Close the connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__section112115111092"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2: High Client Memory Usage</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__p13961185014617">In this example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__b842352706155628">setFetchSize</strong> adjusts the memory usage of the client by using the database cursor to obtain server data in batches. It may increase network interaction and damage some performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__p28831955345">The cursor is valid within a transaction. Therefore, you need to disable the autocommit function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974806__screen14336113936"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Disable the autocommit function.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setAutoCommit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">st</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Open the cursor and obtain 50 lines of data each time.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">st</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setFetchSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT * FROM mytable&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;a row was returned.&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Disable the server cursor.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">st</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setFetchSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT * FROM mytable&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;many rows were returned.&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Close the statement.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">st</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494729"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494729"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications</h1>
+<div id="body1526461869884"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494729__a51af6c623abc43deb9a68807ad0856d2">If the primary DN is faulty and cannot be restored within 40s, its standby is automatically promoted to primary to ensure the normal running of the cluster. Jobs running during the failover will fail and those started after the failover will not be affected. To protect upper-layer services from being affected by the failover, refer to the following example to construct a SQL retry mechanism at the service layer.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494729__screen145400210509"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">  1</span>
+<span class="normal">  2</span>
+<span class="normal">  3</span>
+<span class="normal">  4</span>
+<span class="normal">  5</span>
+<span class="normal">  6</span>
+<span class="normal">  7</span>
+<span class="normal">  8</span>
+<span class="normal">  9</span>
+<span class="normal"> 10</span>
+<span class="normal"> 11</span>
+<span class="normal"> 12</span>
+<span class="normal"> 13</span>
+<span class="normal"> 14</span>
+<span class="normal"> 15</span>
+<span class="normal"> 16</span>
+<span class="normal"> 17</span>
+<span class="normal"> 18</span>
+<span class="normal"> 19</span>
+<span class="normal"> 20</span>
+<span class="normal"> 21</span>
+<span class="normal"> 22</span>
+<span class="normal"> 23</span>
+<span class="normal"> 24</span>
+<span class="normal"> 25</span>
+<span class="normal"> 26</span>
+<span class="normal"> 27</span>
+<span class="normal"> 28</span>
+<span class="normal"> 29</span>
+<span class="normal"> 30</span>
+<span class="normal"> 31</span>
+<span class="normal"> 32</span>
+<span class="normal"> 33</span>
+<span class="normal"> 34</span>
+<span class="normal"> 35</span>
+<span class="normal"> 36</span>
+<span class="normal"> 37</span>
+<span class="normal"> 38</span>
+<span class="normal"> 39</span>
+<span class="normal"> 40</span>
+<span class="normal"> 41</span>
+<span class="normal"> 42</span>
+<span class="normal"> 43</span>
+<span class="normal"> 44</span>
+<span class="normal"> 45</span>
+<span class="normal"> 46</span>
+<span class="normal"> 47</span>
+<span class="normal"> 48</span>
+<span class="normal"> 49</span>
+<span class="normal"> 50</span>
+<span class="normal"> 51</span>
+<span class="normal"> 52</span>
+<span class="normal"> 53</span>
+<span class="normal"> 54</span>
+<span class="normal"> 55</span>
+<span class="normal"> 56</span>
+<span class="normal"> 57</span>
+<span class="normal"> 58</span>
+<span class="normal"> 59</span>
+<span class="normal"> 60</span>
+<span class="normal"> 61</span>
+<span class="normal"> 62</span>
+<span class="normal"> 63</span>
+<span class="normal"> 64</span>
+<span class="normal"> 65</span>
+<span class="normal"> 66</span>
+<span class="normal"> 67</span>
+<span class="normal"> 68</span>
+<span class="normal"> 69</span>
+<span class="normal"> 70</span>
+<span class="normal"> 71</span>
+<span class="normal"> 72</span>
+<span class="normal"> 73</span>
+<span class="normal"> 74</span>
+<span class="normal"> 75</span>
+<span class="normal"> 76</span>
+<span class="normal"> 77</span>
+<span class="normal"> 78</span>
+<span class="normal"> 79</span>
+<span class="normal"> 80</span>
+<span class="normal"> 81</span>
+<span class="normal"> 82</span>
+<span class="normal"> 83</span>
+<span class="normal"> 84</span>
+<span class="normal"> 85</span>
+<span class="normal"> 86</span>
+<span class="normal"> 87</span>
+<span class="normal"> 88</span>
+<span class="normal"> 89</span>
+<span class="normal"> 90</span>
+<span class="normal"> 91</span>
+<span class="normal"> 92</span>
+<span class="normal"> 93</span>
+<span class="normal"> 94</span>
+<span class="normal"> 95</span>
+<span class="normal"> 96</span>
+<span class="normal"> 97</span>
+<span class="normal"> 98</span>
+<span class="normal"> 99</span>
+<span class="normal">100</span>
+<span class="normal">101</span>
+<span class="normal">102</span>
+<span class="normal">103</span>
+<span class="normal">104</span>
+<span class="normal">105</span>
+<span class="normal">106</span>
+<span class="normal">107</span>
+<span class="normal">108</span>
+<span class="normal">109</span>
+<span class="normal">110</span>
+<span class="normal">111</span>
+<span class="normal">112</span>
+<span class="normal">113</span>
+<span class="normal">114</span>
+<span class="normal">115</span>
+<span class="normal">116</span>
+<span class="normal">117</span>
+<span class="normal">118</span>
+<span class="normal">119</span>
+<span class="normal">120</span>
+<span class="normal">121</span>
+<span class="normal">122</span>
+<span class="normal">123</span>
+<span class="normal">124</span>
+<span class="normal">125</span>
+<span class="normal">126</span>
+<span class="normal">127</span>
+<span class="normal">128</span>
+<span class="normal">129</span>
+<span class="normal">130</span>
+<span class="normal">131</span>
+<span class="normal">132</span>
+<span class="normal">133</span>
+<span class="normal">134</span>
+<span class="normal">135</span>
+<span class="normal">136</span>
+<span class="normal">137</span>
+<span class="normal">138</span>
+<span class="normal">139</span>
+<span class="normal">140</span>
+<span class="normal">141</span>
+<span class="normal">142</span>
+<span class="normal">143</span>
+<span class="normal">144</span>
+<span class="normal">145</span>
+<span class="normal">146</span>
+<span class="normal">147</span>
+<span class="normal">148</span>
+<span class="normal">149</span>
+<span class="normal">150</span>
+<span class="normal">151</span>
+<span class="normal">152</span>
+<span class="normal">153</span>
+<span class="normal">154</span>
+<span class="normal">155</span>
+<span class="normal">156</span>
+<span class="normal">157</span>
+<span class="normal">158</span>
+<span class="normal">159</span>
+<span class="normal">160</span>
+<span class="normal">161</span>
+<span class="normal">162</span>
+<span class="normal">163</span>
+<span class="normal">164</span>
+<span class="normal">165</span>
+<span class="normal">166</span>
+<span class="normal">167</span>
+<span class="normal">168</span>
+<span class="normal">169</span>
+<span class="normal">170</span>
+<span class="normal">171</span>
+<span class="normal">172</span>
+<span class="normal">173</span>
+<span class="normal">174</span>
+<span class="normal">175</span>
+<span class="normal">176</span>
+<span class="normal">177</span>
+<span class="normal">178</span>
+<span class="normal">179</span>
+<span class="normal">180</span>
+<span class="normal">181</span>
+<span class="normal">182</span>
+<span class="normal">183</span>
+<span class="normal">184</span>
+<span class="normal">185</span>
+<span class="normal">186</span>
+<span class="normal">187</span>
+<span class="normal">188</span>
+<span class="normal">189</span>
+<span class="normal">190</span>
+<span class="normal">191</span>
+<span class="normal">192</span>
+<span class="normal">193</span>
+<span class="normal">194</span>
+<span class="normal">195</span>
+<span class="normal">196</span>
+<span class="normal">197</span>
+<span class="normal">198</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.PreparedStatement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.ResultSet</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="cm">/**</span>
+<span class="cm"> * </span>
+<span class="cm"> *</span>
+<span class="cm"> */</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ExitHandler</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cancel_stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ExitHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="kd">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Exit Handler&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">cancel_stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">run</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;exit handle&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">cancel_stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">cancel</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;cancel query failed.&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SQLRetry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">GetConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.131.72.136:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Load the database driver.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">newInstance</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourceURL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Connection succeed!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run an ordinary SQL statement. Create a jdbc_test1 table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">CreateTable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">// add ctrl+c handler</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getRuntime</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="na">addShutdownHook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ExitHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// Run an ordinary SQL statement.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rc2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;DROP TABLE if exists jdbc_test1;&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rc1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeUpdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE jdbc_test1(col1 INTEGER, col2 VARCHAR(10));&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run the preprocessing statement to insert data in batches.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">BatchInsertData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Generate a prepared statement.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO jdbc_test1 VALUES (?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//Add parameters.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;data &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">addBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Perform batch processing.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeBatch</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">pst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">//Run the precompilation statement to update data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">QueryRedo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">){</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">PreparedStatement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">retValue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT col1 FROM jdbc_test1 WHERE col2 = ?&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;data 10&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeQuery</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;col1 = &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;col1&quot;</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retValue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;catch...... retValue &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">retValue</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">pstmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">e1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;finesh......&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">retValue</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">//Run a query statement and retry upon a failure. The number of retry times can be configured.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ExecPreparedSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InterruptedException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxRetryTime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;time:&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QueryRedo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">){</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;retry, time:&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">QueryRedo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxRetryTime</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="cm">/**</span>
+<span class="cm">   * Main process. Call static methods one by one.</span>
+<span class="cm">    * @param args</span>
+<span class="cm">  * @throws InterruptedException </span>
+<span class="cm">   */</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InterruptedException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Establish a connection to the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;testuser&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;test@123&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Create a table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">CreateTable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Insert data in batches.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">BatchInsertData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Run the precompilation statement to update data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">ExecPreparedSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Disconnect from the database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files</h1>
+<div id="body1527239099917"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094__a79136ca797284d948a4eeae286022381">When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094__text7947937">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or import a local file to the database by streaming. The file can be in CSV or TEXT format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094__en-us_topic_0106303462_p537818945212">The sample program is as follows. Load the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094__text1927746232">GaussDB(DWS)</span> JDBC driver before running it.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655094__s143da5b6311d42da9f905c046cd3f2c6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">  1</span>
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+<span class="normal">104</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.IOException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.FileInputStream</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.FileOutputStream</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Copy</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">urls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.180.155.74:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Database URL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Username</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">// Password</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table_1&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">urls</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassNotFoundException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Export the query result of SELECT * FROM migration_table to the local file d:/data.txt.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;(SELECT * FROM migration_table)&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Import data from the d:/data.txt file to the migration_table_1 table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">copyFromFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Export the data from the migration_table_1 table to the d:/data1.txt file.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data1.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">copyFromFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableName</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;COPY &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableName</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; FROM STDIN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">finally</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableOrQuery</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">FileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FileOutputStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyOut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;COPY &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableOrQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; TO STDOUT&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">finally</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655090"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655090"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to <span id="text1998246280">GaussDB(DWS)</span></h1>
+<div id="body1527239099917"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655090__a02b83f0a4e214fdb9d608a621306138c">The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655090__text1658087719">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655090__s64720293e41e4573a8039a2ff56dd019"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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+<span class="normal">73</span>
+<span class="normal">74</span>
+<span class="normal">75</span>
+<span class="normal">76</span>
+<span class="normal">77</span>
+<span class="normal">78</span>
+<span class="normal">79</span>
+<span class="normal">80</span>
+<span class="normal">81</span>
+<span class="normal">82</span>
+<span class="normal">83</span>
+<span class="normal">84</span>
+<span class="normal">85</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.StringReader</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.ResultSet</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.180.155.74:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Database URL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Database username</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="c1">//Database password</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;|&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="c1">//Define a delimiter.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;UTF8&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Define a character set.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">StringBuffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuffer</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">//Define the buffer to store formatted data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Obtain the query result set of the source database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getDataSet</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Traverse the result set and obtain records row by row.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//The values of columns in each record are separated by the specified delimiter and end with a newline character to form strings.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">////Add the strings to the buffer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Connect to the target database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pass</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setAutoCommit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Initialize table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Copy &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; from STDIN DELIMITER &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; ENCODING &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Submit data in the buffer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">StringReader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringReader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">commit</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassNotFoundException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//******************************** </span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Return the query result set from the source database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//********************************* </span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">getDataSet</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">newInstance</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:mysql://10.119.179.227:3306/jack?useSSL=false&amp;allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;select * from migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0102.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0102.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23c49f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0102.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974658"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974658"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JDBC Interface Reference</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974658__afbf418348b3549fd9fec2716355c97b6">JDBC interface is a set of API methods for users. This section describes some common interfaces. For other interfaces, see information in JDK1.6 (software package) and JDBC4.0.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0103.html">java.sql.Connection</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0104.html">java.sql.CallableStatement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0105.html">java.sql.DatabaseMetaData</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0106.html">java.sql.Driver</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0107.html">java.sql.PreparedStatement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0108.html">java.sql.ResultSet</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0109.html">java.sql.ResultSetMetaData</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0110.html">java.sql.Statement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0111.html">javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0112.html">javax.sql.DataSource</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0113.html">javax.sql.PooledConnection</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0114.html">javax.naming.Context</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0115.html">javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0116.html">CopyManager</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0088.html">JDBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0103.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0103.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be28daa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0103.html
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.Connection</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ab49278885e16496995c1846d62d6db78">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__b842352706151438">java.sql.Connection</strong>, the interface for connecting to a database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__t487bd16d6cfe49408506a727d68a6dd0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.Connection</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r59507112b645488bb4d8de366e2ca397"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__aa51b5364b0074898bd9970e0081812dd">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__adc17880a1efb4119989ba195475ba6a5">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a06a314f272b647678f5a4bac94467046">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r77ebd7377c084e979b2e78aa0af5e361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a10ec0f44222341f686554623eecdc3da">close()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a0863416e17844dab887598d2e11c78fa">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a1a9a7e21cd604aecb9bcab9b22351b1d">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r663b771f8594425692ea5e5d0c578221"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__aba962092a54d45f4be086a457c2fb8c6">commit()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a41804cad6a1745ddba0ddd5541931ff4">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a2f5401ed488c45338e5eaa76915fc349">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r6ed9a559001f4b69a11eb31c4c7c42dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a3470610efcd543d29e7e1ecfb78e425d">createStatement()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__afb48bc04e3944cb4859ec06550753fb1">Statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a03ced1da2472451aa069272bd30268d4">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r924449824d8a4ca7a5912bb7715d84d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ac1497b4109e348ae93d3d8b3690c43e4">getAutoCommit()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__acbe5dc28ff3946c5ae4e0fef107cb1fa"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__text28411471284">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__aa3d437b732aa4c80ba45f8f5cee02fbe">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__rc63e153b4b43486cacc4b66e1f1542e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a559df14da911408cbc1dc76c3d736c8b">getClientInfo()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a4b9bd12c85514d969e46e99bc5bb3d52">Properties</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a9df35d8d4db24f0a8a63ba871f150da1">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__rce53bd1c5008472b90d1c2731e8a93b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__aabbfb80b5998486d989c3b019ed97854">getClientInfo(String name)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ada9a761ebe9c4bc7bae1ed4b29ee2352">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ac2bd501d170c4608b552280217b10c22">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__rf3627298ef394c2db0c33d004cdf8452"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__adfc21a1beae6463c9afe8b21eb57e10a">getTransactionIsolation()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a2b0dc08fb93741739a5d0cb8ab03627d">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ad5bb844da0fa4f4c83419a5291e0ed4e">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r46ecbed06e164f59afbf1425d65ebbc2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a0ff7d5b0f19441449c3844c863b94cc2">isClosed()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a3edadd5c039149c5a4cc90ae639132e2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__text681112562087">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__adda7a23d9ab247a5a3fbf47895f5ce7b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__rfd59aae859524fa1a34cd81cd6c2e3db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a4766f2a2683b4355850147b3df04ec63">isReadOnly()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ac1c485d46f824651892fe01eb2984eea"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__text1794555714817">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ace083be0bef84e60b70147663fe9cec3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r13210b98ab4442b3bea45df1ab6f4ae5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a557308eb0cc040c7bd091ecf05e33d22">prepareStatement(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a3bc00d02a3124669bb1b958aef26f569">PreparedStatement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__afe318ba3343545d79a5dab437e006293">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r584d658b95314ab5b0578faa923ff5e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__abe199bdfbd884836a13cb65ba37e06fe">rollback()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a92b6890f3b76408598dc01eb0ce72097">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a73428fc0c9a24dc19c8631600cb1b736">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__rcec9f2efc0744b30a3c9a24a9fdeceab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a6e801f1093134cec8d7e2c0355b1dc00">setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a14f4056ed8f444a48c48ad16c19c7495">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a69352c3c745c4443bf039e2a3aa630b1">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r8e74646964b34d60ad84fb5b8703fcd1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a76ac91c646934c34972e044140f8616c">setClientInfo(Properties properties)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ab2a6ef0ff0674ac29d98a96b255b6931">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a3c39107c94f748b59fdfe55908a8c753">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__r2183ccb7142543b59806913a41ccd06c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a20ff55cbb7794b23a917d6c61b4804ae">setClientInfo(String name,String value)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__abf3afab792ee4b8fbb1ff92197d6a40e">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__ada682a0f7bf34d2cb8bb95e2d0033766">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__n99222da7597043b3ab332bcf3310462b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__a614cdf53dd7343468f8dcb29fd2b34dd">The AutoCommit mode is used by default within the interface. If you disable it running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494503__b84235270620115">setAutoCommit(false)</strong>, all the statements executed later will be packaged in explicit transactions, and you cannot execute statements that cannot be executed within transactions.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.CallableStatement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__acd1166d7a0d94f92954ac25792ad6568">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__b842352706151936">java.sql.CallableStatement</strong>, the stored procedure execution interface.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__t89760d91fed840b2906f47199ed12119" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.CallableStatement</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__rd4b85e15174a4b79b89637e427ae30fb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a57ee21d18e604a6591f8ba97a832af5f">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__aa05c77e9cabc42e09e60264d809394fc">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a6fbd9f31adda41658071cbc7b0d5a0ae">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r9ae6825eb72d4c1093e0f1238270aa4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a97e71ccfa60244baaa0c1303ef554e9d">registerOutParameter(int parameterIndex, int type)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a444189289cbd45009574beb416f0b422">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a074d8dbe2a464419a97d6717005f7b7b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r0ee0d21df42142f4a937428702ac4302"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a5d42ea0895314174bc0c7957dee1cfad">wasNull()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__acfd19365043a4c2696c8daed2afba81c"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__text2701421292">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a9d196a06adc24b028c88c8310a909cd2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r79fbb3654727455aac63a0af3f814e22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a72dafc9d8f3b4d5ba36c7be0bf88093e">getString(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a54761aaf1a1448de88ed888d2c60e0ee">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__aaa66f714f38d4fd68cebc76d8f567266">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r35d07882b5d8480c84d34cb5a2e6dad5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ad7d39a6c3ea142ecb712056cd6a7a840">getBoolean(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a905287f0779a46629a5639bd4f5f85c9"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__text9623517912">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__aaf2293614ec44695900e52c016a96ebf">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ra2799a88c05c485e8125866cc1f87eaf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae52fedc7b9c544aebfa76f0c49dc3e43">getByte(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a31fe9e0fa1aa467a947a89fef4d53262">byte</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a2aaaddee09624130b22bee3f2775f484">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r7c4b26d73da2463396e562945806e0d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__aba7b013c95be45339b2f8aa2b7d275eb">getShort(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a7051958a96594c0ab69c77086fbe5ab6">short</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__abfd2a83d0bdb4c8abdacf4ce14d4eda8">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r5c34dae3bedd4c0291b19dfb8e173670"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a6b0a989e5fc34a0f9d32657eef181f82">getInt(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a21469b4d7c154d7b8ebadd3315c3c823">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ab6dd443265534fffa588e8ad5082d9ad">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r10dd72eeb1204a0fac7dd5742ba47eaf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a655e8ed5e8f042a58088a959a95ca312">getLong(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a95ec5134d1d34c1ea323593058a6e427">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae643427b0be7475080ec453e9a9d2611">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r80b516110e9d476ab4abd8f0f76784d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a91ed19d864f14eabb08c7b04ef722583">getFloat(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__afa742b30a831472d87b75f1344d05ee8">float</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a59a11230c4aa475d8d3dbb5616cf5ca6">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r78afdb36b62841ac94bc6ea11aa02fc1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a962873699fb34bd9be59aa9abdf0d897">getDouble(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a38323a335aa442158ee95debd36ae736">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a44a383bb4fef4eaabb43b6847e710c77">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__rd1fe9c010d27404d808b37f884f54424"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ac75d9be5479a41e68a5865af332d9849">getBigDecimal(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae461c8e035b543549909779a8e3da92f">BigDecimal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a5c2b7e9aa6f5404cae3b1ddd3b0a10cc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r2722f73f02904381b09277b144b1ae0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__aec3848b405b24c5b9d80fdeb2838b272">getBytes(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__af19115b3fc3c4c28a6b311d869847a04">byte[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a9652a6f549074a038685b687f43e47da">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r36c8ef9525344952b63cdf63bfb4f515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ac6283f45aa2f48ffb82d44a370bec15d">getDate(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a850cf6ee7d884360abcffde6a1f2b351">Date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae147266f07b24f9c96e8b263b68d273c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r8b0fe754b3694cc199b7de2d8cd99476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ad0541b50a2874824b829d2d82bc03aa9">getTime(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a427671d3a3904f27b39ce1897dd77fb4">Time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ac2f798b2f4824e38a6501e73590dc6c7">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__rde25ecfae5764df1b0a828a18f5556ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae8645b9ee79f4366833a333c34b12a0f">getTimestamp(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a4091748e51654448aa6d9c8ed7b2dd9b">Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a6a67a97281cb47bbbf05ce1293aae290">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__r0e94eed9ad0a44f0b26b6a58c10d8575"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ae01ffff3e9e9448a8a5c9c8701b88bef">getObject(int parameterIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__a7567113d1ada4c8389a98bb5295f6344">Object</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ab27bfcee0b3248bd970b82f8ba20755c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__ne62341712a7d464ab0ef0469a17a6dec"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__u6e0b566af17f4ecca3f672a49c0d84c9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__l6abfbc3b6f134f32a7c78b146a77c1de">The batch operation of statements containing OUT parameter is not allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__l2f51239c075647d896839961b6d19518">The following methods are inherited from java.sql.Statement: close, execute, executeQuery, executeUpdate, getConnection, getResultSet, getUpdateCount, isClosed, setMaxRows, and setFetchSize.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__l1bdc40ccee564b1fbb378cc4032fff30">The following methods are inherited from java.sql.PreparedStatement: addBatch, clearParameters, execute, executeQuery, executeUpdate, getMetaData, setBigDecimal, setBoolean, setByte, setBytes, setDate, setDouble, setFloat, setInt, setLong, setNull, setObject, setString, setTime, and setTimestamp.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694805__abc993f3e983c4780b94eb090fd83226d"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0105.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0105.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d35297e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0105.html
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.DatabaseMetaData</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__en-us_topic_0059779369_p108452113184">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__b84235270615255">java.sql.DatabaseMetaData</strong>, the interface for defining database objects.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__td5bb525404f34759b31ea2322c9a089e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.DatabaseMetaData</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__re62fc31b54c34b888d760cfa0addfe8b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1f073d48ae5b4188ab25113f4bfc7f2e">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9478407d4072459eb7180077261c4ce1">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abb5f5823322c438d90f8116f547d9770">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r4971dea6ac4c410f920097ef6ba62de0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac73cc655ca924fdd9f21a1733fe6e5b0">getTables(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String[] types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5d755a21ff994a44ae4a8742c0ef415d">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abef7ddbe893c4b8cabea587869ccbdcd">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r0a3e8589c3354ba68ed1fdbe3f6dfdde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a482b47f59f674a15be121ed7296d933e">getColumns(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String columnNamePattern)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a174cf6cb5bf64d4181ebe26691db65a2">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2b82de998367481d832f2100220cb17f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rad846789d6ae444db32c8f9aa5f822a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa50944c473dc46c0939dbf4dbfaa0fd5">getTableTypes()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a96e294b4235a4b8e890c93ac0a32a6ee">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a26701ea27cb34facab3b89109080ef63">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rd4450449e3964da3a324ff009b287edc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afe7f98a7378347c8842a4c8074b77158">getUserName()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a727e34f55d0445a4befe459dead97a6a">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a0d8dac712a124f679218e15e8e65f3dc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r695a5db6ba75482bbd6aa056011cf10b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a4f37cb7ec1ef4790b559197b6ff54134">isReadOnly()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a33f7107fb2684f2b9a0aba6e62a29d18">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8d631d894c6a4d75a73d22a4bae9da54">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rf558d6b9f688400eab29e1646e47573e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a13254a7f5ab2480fba4c5ba244ebd522">nullsAreSortedHigh()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2ac8547296664729be81152971a06061">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1b62ec06bdf84ab1bbfe4ef8bc90ae32">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rd7605a28030c4a128f863f6d7d174ed9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5598ab5d0b664772b8e27aedbbf5e25f">nullsAreSortedLow()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9a6c49ba7958409a819cd1fdc81513c9">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a87b4f3056dde440dbb1183f824224099">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__raff0301f72ac410cb8ce67ab2786c8ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a392a9ab3d1584c7cbf96f073596952b1">nullsAreSortedAtStart()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa59207ca77cc471ca995ce30ff819da8">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a497bca3d1b224e87a5ebcaa74c3a3300">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r7ca366e0c98746afba90e47b6931b73d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a41ee9515386042b5a8e88c432f7fff0b">nullsAreSortedAtEnd()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac8d8d246f1d0433e86c0bfde954fe670">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a86454904c1634068849de81a4974ef45">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rfb08b5dae4d94250bc3491bbec282bcb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afa008319010449b19ba6fa22bb2104fc">getDatabaseProductName()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5eb36c132f4b46d8a441046c74664995">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a28c9fe19ce98472dae8aad35d17aabcc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__refe14e9be976495d891c2744bc9db513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2390798a36cc48c8a10f9be2c690f376">getDatabaseProductVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad3c167612ef24dfea0315bb3dc0610ae">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a87bc5788b0fa49fe836639a7a2561cf2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r1adcb54b4e5d453d9eb80b7081f6d69c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__acb4e37026e5f49f5887229bcbd3c2ff5">getDriverName()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a56406ba6ac3b475892948be446a4e0d5">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__adf3164a2044b41a99c5dc3be45e1b444">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r838b125c4e444c6e87290488be3ba5e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a83c1ac9fbec046e2b3bee9aac63433cd">getDriverVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a0a839388105b4cc1abc35aaa2d042e29">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1381945e3c4342429d9c6898675beab5">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r954e0a72a5f4466685db1cc3e689c92f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a4ed85e767b6444eb9e3945070513ffa9">getDriverMajorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afeb4d25f1493433886ed68ae42cb7d1b">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a238ba9b80b0a49bebb682fc40f7d61f9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rc7362b4754944359a5f34bcbccbce5c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac5952943d0a047edb10c2a127e1a22f6">getDriverMinorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9ab0ca62b4554b70a59b9addfad742f1">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab35e1b60d8784803958184961d16a97b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r220bf81813854d5da9a81dbe03a1f63d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a82322c2d830b41179d3ab60318c6775d">usesLocalFiles()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8c67dbe0b18745acbf4f402c60a3e353">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afd859a9394744b9b9a50284b560e4f37">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r16cfbb8853d4411da1c6abcb888d54e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a228e893a3a23479daca10b3c6f932eff">usesLocalFilePerTable()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6385deacaa904e76b12bfaf4cf9752bc">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a312a5ffbe0354c609dcc22ae0f67762c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rd7f2ce81f1544631b55c3c7bfb6cfa1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab3dfc436368142d7ac51e111402a9d39">supportsMixedCaseIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2b3ee8859ad84d46a7b536c87c2b6486">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9364e53be4b2436d8614b7f37c011daf">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ra542edd70c3f45e397a538e7d2bed540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa57e3d14f6f04be2b4c3fc35ee213ef2">storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a81c1dcd87adc4e69bfc8cee00cc0a0d4">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ae6288182d62e4ab19a1e828c11866b70">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r070ff417e3194d78bacb6eab81e76017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a65ca2410958a4893863db2f8b22363db">storesLowerCaseIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9d7704d5823147629bba446c3778b5fa">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6c1e197069bd4f638444731321645830">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r09d25baa35e5432bb8e81fd8d44eecbd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab6e4d7e26a9e47a1a2ddb70b2609b22b">supportsMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6083f801cdff48afb3e24676e513fee5">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a0e4ce73d40164e3484e82668a5edc7ac">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r34143ec591864014ad0ea549c26ae6eb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1abb9c4d04d64f4e92acaa706152cdb4">storesUpperCaseQuotedIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a04bca7f4d917411fa3f91a7fd71dcd9c">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afaa38ad8c8b64395a5b007f9cee72bc2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r912d8340f93e4b54a8a3dc1a9c96af97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ada28759bf43044e09776183a737e4d3c">storesLowerCaseQuotedIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a475187d2bd7b4dbba304dd4273c141a8">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afe01b9624aca458b9970b19c8642afff">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r38e9b0a7624e468db46ef968e2b9fc47"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab9118c4284264b38a7f90bb5396b9f12">storesMixedCaseQuotedIdentifiers()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad65d39b9960c4f2c882bfc0abbe99c87">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a092e478f30ec4dcaabd17fd4bdc0fcd9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r9a129c3530274e1da5439037c2497f86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a72e1a9c4f4de418db3541968cace46a5">supportsAlterTableWithAddColumn()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2cac70257e174a0db9683af5cf9149e3">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a27b2648ad9bd49539d89223873660678">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ra7f0419d6c74498599eda0aadb85967a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac180402683ce4d6a8ccdd485561ba46b">supportsAlterTableWithDropColumn()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac6a368457e7749cdac97da99789a3a45">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a84e8e60658174fc8b926af297faff8cd">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rc99962bce0944d0799dbece4afc43c4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8cbdf003d5af47e9a9d23e7c363de249">supportsColumnAliasing()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a48bac96c081e4b5883ef5bfa3b75b49b">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a7f0887f72f4f45d1a02483651c1e33ca">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r40fde7c23a014f36933c8a733661780f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1549df2b5d6e43d0b3ad63730749046d">nullPlusNonNullIsNull()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab7a79428f8e9454fac02ff0cd00bbe16">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a450ceb79e2a6478cace77840ca2b459a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r36fc76a2787d434cb9f5a6924d9fac72"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1008781760f643b883fb488db9542105">supportsConvert()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a704dee824fa8461abdfabf74fa006f4a">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a926d5fd4f7284be9b635d46fd8e12687">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r99a3579581f74674a4748b310c822b49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a0041bf13b9404b95a2fce41982d7c0b2">supportsConvert(int fromType, int toType)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a3dc5fdb1063e4c41b5b09170020c8ebc">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aeff0c1e04fb24f7d9dd734d5c94666a9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rdbb5162bfbda482a9f94e08569596a1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abcbacea961c34e1488e5f55a42414398">supportsTableCorrelationNames()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a52ca4674143842ff980bb80956628add">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abd97b67fe93a4d1fa3d7ba00a6f37d8f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r3ab7bc89d3134c838d5a2bbed1a7f8c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab51235379c444c7287a4aa43146db9c0">supportsDifferentTableCorrelationNames()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a43039926a2e64c21b0c76639fa201ad0">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad905ca771a454f65ba79ddee82b2c57f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r48672d8559064748a1607254f6c50a06"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a14e1142470c0437caf027b41b8aacbc1">supportsExpressionsInOrderBy()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ae97094f82d31441591f3dc96813414c4">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad54d0aff299f444392ba6102031ca7c4">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r2c52fd2da4764607a34ea8c032db1366"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad7d88f0f9e8c45b4b3a244c27d0423e8">supportsOrderByUnrelated()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8e1358dcc6d14494af3d9a508d96c6c9">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a345b1ee6484b4fd8915aeab82e5235cf">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r253148ca5ab2496494308f0bdcf9cd11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a30032bb1d47a45aeb1f3d5cad029e7e9">supportsGroupBy()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1adffe4c74e649a2b1f87f9b23b12c6e">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a528f147465dd4da3b6a4d030499a5371">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rc36b09a41c194a33aea862e6b883c2f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__acad01649e5b34701a2e22344563fdc80">supportsGroupByUnrelated()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__afbdb4da94dbf4a3f83d9efb5c209cafd">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a400f02d93604446d96523c2715ac8885">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ra3a405801aa240d59d5dff2141e9df0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab6944891b6f340bca0e48119d5424f6e">supportsGroupByBeyondSelect()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8d647729eaae48d296af11602b6b1530">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a86d7bfde8d724a36a3a2a1e62a3f9b57">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r984c332e4bd3400eb7e516949c12e32c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6308fb77a7614773a9750542b0a21494">supportsLikeEscapeClause()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a989e9188112347aa971c5a615718ecda">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aaa67883586bc4cfba3d08574e162f57d">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r4fbc4652ad30422c9b2ad6f54e235953"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a246ee0fb3b73451dbdf3331d756475f4">supportsMultipleResultSets()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a89f1b264952a42f8939789122e5080a0">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a0278326a6cd04c3583465567efcafd78">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rd8b5086efa0a4fc38bf529e72c14c3f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a4a476c1896f8451284f904d63e4f374a">supportsMultipleTransactions()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8811de84e7b445a7b29653b35982a856">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9a6952957bee4697b135a3c878aebd86">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r801969231d7345258fe1c0c7082d1c90"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ae2855997ff094531908e59c38fef1f10">supportsNonNullableColumns()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a603c940f1ed24682a5ec540ef7f6265d">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ae0abbffbb56d4764b43fbe0b0d479dd9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rb612dbc8ab794993a35627296121ac00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1d7de4348d6b493fbe8670053f0d118c">supportsMinimumSQLGrammar()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6dea14f6b8c34414831591dec57a8db3">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa21b83dc5a1e4de29843d5509e681746">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rb8dd2f500860459dbfe3639d13a2e3ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a88d4f6ea02fa4e2da5caef23292e5527">supportsCoreSQLGrammar()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1e4aa47b6fad413a832b8d4630d694b2">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a22dd8bf608804538840ec3049edf7e00">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r12f9f363647949dea75f51d11337924e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a57f9a9b312de4285b29ce91d365fe1e6">supportsExtendedSQLGrammar()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac85892d834b748db99032a0838af9425">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aaf94c69c49524c0eaacc49320fad6995">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r6bcdceec301f43e99634dfa64325ac6d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a198b0938e57e4a3ea2633ad85616fb5a">supportsANSI92EntryLevelSQL()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a56a178c2cfa14782a2d34bdc90b27ce6">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9998d2463b2f44239b1a46ee37261fed">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r28ca1e1630fd4ebbb1253c67b23b92d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__adf4112aa8d834e84a55b915bb198fb76">supportsANSI92IntermediateSQL()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__acc995db4e35a448ca525c86b20f98635">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a58a66d94ec4e42bfa685137ad0e92161">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rbb1832b10ca7472ca3b52b056a5a0a3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab292cd0c7fa043e2ba04656978a587d7">supportsANSI92FullSQL()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a1b9c38b8fb404c7b846a827b1fd2c8d1">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abb1305d8603c4d9ea619f15acc1eaff5">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r5a34ad13adfa479fb1da6d81535bd7ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a76dbc0d1023d4f3dadc117c757dc7be2">supportsIntegrityEnhancementFacility()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8c13e302fdc74bbda93269a15dbd8e4a">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8f44c7d724da408c94c7c64d001f2176">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ree6e2f27644149da8a5dd46fdb14bc1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__abe7bcd0af26d4a6480067e4a488da84f">supportsOuterJoins()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__acf51009611ff4fbcb53ee2dcbc5d787c">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a6f98ce167ca64b668aaeb7349777d7e0">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r2228f2b4343a44c49f7798610275251c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a3ea9f9c96a804e338ec7c1ba4c67d2dd">supportsFullOuterJoins()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a478fe99d72d0428e89b8ed4e9d04878d">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a734598d9eb404512865576c1ae44b45b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r4a60da0c39b94ea8b82dd65192cc2865"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a49e9257bbf2b4d3e9b805a1eab02a9f8">supportsLimitedOuterJoins()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa672bc78c5744a24a0c21ba68b31e87e">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a16d84df3fe844ec4b3c9b8b7f1c97a53">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r76151a27d2a94f54af318a007a1efb63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2e81fd7f57294ce89745480064479596">isCatalogAtStart()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a032cb9bb029c412898e17f7e4c1e7c76">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a032e79502d034662b51633c6b3f7394b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r6c68c95585ab4e57b62df27e98ded5cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a29acc5a9d4c6437c91a474c353ef7cb3">supportsSchemasInDataManipulation()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac377ee8cfd7446abbbe11901a0388c23">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a80f814d4ac7f4ed6aef646fb1bb52bf1">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r5b9dc17b73cb418196b5bb7d52ed558e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a9e1ffe3415f64a4c8f3695c200cf261a">supportsSavepoints()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5416e815f6b949d69d1a4e78ccc10c97">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa40d268a796241398ca8b0b256351ba6">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__rf854f92b4a0b4735b3ebab6350af15fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad8ba0bcfca3443b2a924e521e9721d06">supportsResultSetHoldability(int holdability)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a10aad9df69d04c46802f7bb9e6e46a43">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2a19182708e94788b9c28ea0fdb6b7b9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r6ddf4fad2baa44479616e727d7cb446d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8d4eff9dfe97487fa24214d978e603a3">getResultSetHoldability()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a2b002f2a542c442ca84933f4dbe3170e">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a4dbed6a8e4cf41c99ad9c39ebb3b250e">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r649a443289174162a9b7db93e9e688c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a860a478d7a404c17a4a12da12d4a4171">getDatabaseMajorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a3d20b9272c5f47daa960392f1e09df02">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ad3339d6827fb466f814ec6604d56956a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r4ce4e594d8b24a2aa489d451fba8c99c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8ac8d9fba5ba40b68f1bc221f44402d5">getDatabaseMinorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa5ac2a7e139640d69265f191fc5eec05">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a8f8fa610172545c5b321d9379f054e9f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r28c93c269f90480a9ff1ac9caaaa7ee3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a88135e08456e47dc80936bfab6c675ac">getJDBCMajorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__aa0b0434ecf7845f0805730a82d124d08">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5b155012d65548bba07be0926fa0c0bb">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__r9dc42931016543adb134159bfa362876"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__a5a773da5481e4d2bae84004c636fce6f">getJDBCMinorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ac433df3e9a7748b6bf06f113638e4c02">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134434__ab871d9627d1543f99b446aad8830edb3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0106.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0106.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.Driver</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__en-us_topic_0059778810_p691812861815">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__b842352706152739">java.sql.Driver</strong>, the database driver interface.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__t3d62cb52dde648b7902168eedc6e9a41" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.Driver</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__r0ab2a7dd02a54dfbb5ebe3728cefa994"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a0c11d145222a4a1f9f7907b9497f6f70">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a3fd4276ce9c34642bffb5cfe62392c7d">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a5f25a5471b0940b492f9dc620ec91147">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__ra88082acbb07423d90143a7ac0017288"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a73fa9da9b7a640bf9fdebc83458893f5">acceptsURL(String url)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a552c4c2fa441446c9f783233dec703ee"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__text142407891317">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__aa33d253f17b04a95b81c458065864fb9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__r212300c795554fbea6d636af7631c8a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a68d64a1db9464ac3b83fe1fda291115e">connect(String url, Properties info)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a6e76641e668d45dbbfff3bd9999d9f40">Connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a60716e7dde2e491eaa9e0ebcc73617d7">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__r458aba683c2b446d86beb38840e7ab18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a72a1055ab68c4c4a8f56acb38ee34430">jdbcCompliant()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a7edd484a89aa45f8a12937061b57aa5e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__text152714971313">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__ae8ab68edc01f4507a809fabcadc34d17">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__r0d7d682b60f44c0a8d4fac236fb32082"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a24ce5a4bf72249809d6e8f7bb90a262c">getMajorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a55a8d9291cf544219954c0102a516846">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a952db2901d114a199e383370045db372">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__r76da5b0fcb8f41be84358b6067a4cbaa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.24%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a696240fdbf8c45e3842990702dea4d7e">getMinorVersion()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__ab19bd30ff4d74c34b694348f92999766">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814980__a13591918e2c1462fbad1c642f44ddcc4">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0107.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0107.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.PreparedStatement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a1470001e830c4be7ac67934ffcd5f5a1">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__b842352706153232">java.sql.PreparedStatement</strong>, the interface for preparing statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__te1ab52f1243c473aba685652ce0b646d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.PreparedStatement</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rdc9872a87d41488a942be724e831b77b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__af2777a5b4a3d497db0e6f1f4d40a0794">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ad048cf560daa405c958aab7c4dd2d19c">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__afa44038d9bbd4551b69c292dc7c26d6b">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rfb377df02e124c53bf9e0a108eac6463"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__afb6cc588113e4413b85818627b18b790">clearParameters()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a2a900b32752a4e02ab3f8a23afefb808">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a21c193a8bbfc44fd81a3cb11fb613236">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r9f0107c7ad3143b7b39b155632ff0185"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a1c54a1bc84274ef0b413263b98e8156d">execute()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a8a8c2639b9ae4ba3b2a7563691c4764f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__text4686181281313">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a2bb32560ca354dc2b6013d55669e7c4f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__re38c870cd25a4c109bc38c7ea21b0455"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a065f4cf3f35145c8a6499cd76d9c778f">executeQuery()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a53cda1bbe2a84b27a3cf7616154295d3">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a65690154f80e4502a4132f5b9e56b155">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r62cf199ef3724be1a40f70a7f7748144"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a6c9d0b7726e84cf48d6765f1a0616ce4">excuteUpdate()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a44b16fbdd85f422ba79672cb922d5752">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a239099a6eb7043828995ce362fec2ddc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rb6dc92b9840e4d159cee577816b40e04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__acee1face507541d2970d4225fe076382">getMetaData()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a39b08673f876430fa2f2d1f10d2e2275">ResultSetMetaData</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a5163c4a064924756befb3430a1c81028">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rc850d678726041cd9f75fdc369201dde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a19a5a3f7ad3e4822b7ed7bbeef752ac7">setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aa1fb79c59ce34b2bb6185c35171c657f">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aac7f685a793c4336ad90d0c2eddfd3d4">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rbb377e109aa74aecb67c9057e31afaa5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__af84665ed24084aa0b75b722d42f1e419">setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a61624106a9bc456e867a78a58e776278">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aa8be03a077ce4108afb321b5affa4e8a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r3d3fccfce2c34295a8352c0b6c3dfbee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a4caabe57d70048118ffc97ee042f1028">setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a9c0eb94801e94187912e61579915a9cb">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ade43aa98cd4d4a20944edba9b0473f1a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r424a1bb131b641e19f49b8d95340445d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a52fa411b873c4f1683a328b18b67c523">setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte[] x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a635e5e1726b7411999b0682a536e6729">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a12138c4bd5ef441d8c04eb253434071d">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rfae345857b584717a86fd10a024844e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ac85f34926cb9437087dc4f75c1b3752e">setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a14b645ff134749cc829ccb1ae32dda6a">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a7e695d900f9540339c8650c21dd09e70">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r1ff37712409048fa9926bd97cde9a480"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ac84f22ad51404385879ee3c23c2c35ff">setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a24a265299f8845c084c526c01e1f3972">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aeec8687d2db1412d930c8d513e84ffff">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r075f0cf1efdf4731bbd5107975c5198f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aa914b44b3c3241bbbddf4451b5a9275c">setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a3511571a76b349e3bb5af77b565c2c73">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a2530b1a6b0ac4381bdfc3d15e6e57d2a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r1e03d7ed64ff49c5be57b6125119db87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a9b09c845f777467c99aabea0aff44739">setInt(int parameterIndex, int x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a4feef9089360413d84964d77ba9921a9">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aab8f48fae8b04429bf96250f7946d675">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r664f95749ae044a08e22d884fd29adb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a05a0434be24d4d889cce954e96c1bfa5">setLong(int parameterIndex, long x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a449e5ab7ea4741e98f40461135a01386">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aa0b49ce4599e45dd86d39b2dbc3de87d">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ra37c5c139ad945e29a63a4e45063e88f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ade8f50b4169f4d1f908ee05a767c34db">setNString(int parameterIndex, String value)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aca31dc22170e460b885f299e5cae8c3f">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a9f3800ad892c4c57860b09216a2fc885">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rc4448d5ba71241bfaeb4bdaca767d1b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a85a33ca7e9704ea5be6ed27deeb8a4d4">setShort(int parameterIndex, short x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a6c88aaef00cf4e2cbe720047ba370498">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aee2366b48a2f4be393b42491e7e17c27">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ree79b8dd3dd445a2b05f8851e645c579"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ab58247c915f34b7d979b7865726da9a9">setString(int parameterIndex, String x)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aabaa0e0d30ef40ad8deec267eacae961">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a71489ec70cfa455a8fd9c18b1baa5a10">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__rf366f7119e7f4187a4c728fc57b51bf7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aff450d6d80144e83b3c011000b66d0af">addBatch()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a6f79a8c412e54459a088c76d2c0d69ca">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a168fe7051f1b4e3892d5574cc3fd315c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r323b55ae62dd4c46afcb98f10b4fca45"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__af7283e96226a4417a638a7310429dd9f">executeBatch()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ab591c960158b45c5a08c7f1f1d16bf85">int[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a154a46e763474d009c5e7df819409d9f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__r45069bc6d865498899cf85ca9b6f8f76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__acef7e1776ee74fe6b6815a499f3a31fa">clearBatch()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__aa6da913c90404534892b2a38284e6299">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__a38da6e9512934d4a8f16d58ffb2cdc4a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__n2a9b3d72c09e46ca922def95cb3b4143"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ub287b3b6cd7b453eaf0d883ab7e4d1c7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__l0e8269c1d673467d97397282cb5164f9">Execute addBatch() and execute() only after running clearBatch().</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__ld84b223550f146bdb10fd06c0f8f4c89">Batch is not cleared by calling executeBatch(). Clear batch by explicitly calling clearBatch().</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__lbe242d79f63e4a5791fb724483aa5bba">After bounded variables of a batch are added, if you want to reuse these values (add a batch again), set*() is not necessary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494913__l8471216726564bc08f463298f37c2b63">The following methods are inherited from java.sql.Statement: close, execute, executeQuery, executeUpdate, getConnection, getResultSet, getUpdateCount, isClosed, setMaxRows, and setFetchSize.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.ResultSet</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__en-us_topic_0059779124_p438042014183">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__b842352706155244">java.sql.ResultSet</strong>, the interface for execution result sets.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__t40ddaef30ebc4410b17674c4549a3b02" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.ResultSet</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r8de631e6de9e40a8a70dfea134e64a70"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__af5ce5a216b3041e48504dadf89e424da">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a5c13ec6044a949a3b854e48cafa13272">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ada3ff1ea72dd4178a74e7a9ea5d947b6">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r0b41f462cd8c4b42b9a6baac31f6b37d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__acd946d628eef41428a60bcd5df6a13ec">findColumn(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a5c9c831cf83548dd9a62e25445770a43">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aed6bafe669ca428b8c8775eb04ead7a0">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r8a0f9e79126f49be9a6562f084170033"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a0f6918dac0ca4d0fac39ab2a88c2abd4">getBigDecimal(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__af16883c86ea2470ba4f38dd49f92f128">BigDecimal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad62ee6913c9e403bbaf6979afc893dbd">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rb2fff4d709484ed68fcf71e0280ceeda"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a0fcf1095a6cd4507b6bdb5f0178f43e8">getBigDecimal(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__abdf3bb430fcc43b588e63ada771c4be2">BigDecimal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa6fda27880144dc19780fb95418a7841">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__raf2ac02b4bbf4d69a3bf0b9191c9c88f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a6760607ecfe24270a0ba4d2127d33cf4">getBoolean(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a8becdd1813494779ba39e02b0474a135"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text36831921151316">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a9aba786f649645daa88b6a22a95ab196">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r0b534f8f74db40e1afa5a10600e91e67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa897e4a931f24e269816a30d692f94f3">getBoolean(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a88af0cc5d6914dd7bbbbec1cb9aa2424"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text1532992418137">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a231264b3386e4771b36921de20f59475">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r958c347460214adc81218c91f8fba9f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a95229cc04dee407496b411a99e3ae81d">getByte(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a9257064a1cd14e7eb54a1590eeb4c85c">byte</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a818e9444e1a54ef189221b6038c7ae5c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ra6bec2d00b9e4b60ab2a97ec8b36074e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ac2471eeebe1b4edd8bb9c41f35657772">getBytes(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a083c4e241f4d48f68e4b3784873c4696">byte[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a76fabdcc63a840efa33c6012d7a13ee2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r240c9b5cdf104da6ad8383d4b1709517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ab5661c243cc74ad0ad8d6245119da84b">getByte(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa7ef6e508fba44abbd6754d2097772c1">byte</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad65b517b89fe405ca9dbdaebfeb17536">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r812222293b634bb8ab170d16a7884e8d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a25b17fc4d460495196b97de44bec4d4a">getBytes(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a6fdc6cea93084fe697226c8b341613e7">byte[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ab1eb8d751b2448efa37733dbed7c032a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r57b8509598ad4cfb9f8702addc91d513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ae2f1178a1a4f470b844e772a8ac5e530">getDate(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa774e6b335db4fe29a1f1e5bf8370286">Date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a45a2e120a9de405c86c04a3ccb0fb748">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rfb6a5633a432451e89ca3b4516ec2d26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ab3ee040e2b4c47e7a2f46e4a2a5602e5">getDate(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ada16731656764bf298391be2c39a138b">Date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a08cb4b0a3ba74c55bc03ec64ecc37688">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r030f3c5ae5924c2790dec0803e3bd407"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aef70b3fc9aef446694f00a8094cee7d9">getDouble(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ae58b89c01c544f07a986d7e642a0e2c2">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a3b867d581d4140d7a43dc937ae9a72d0">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r695dea8ffa5f4d3ba2c9ca45c375acc0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ac0247d26786b4f2d9ab84a6050e87e3e">getDouble(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa58d5e4ecf2447968ae893e70a48a84c">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a3ac0562695dd4eb29c19910fb9342b53">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r77102616ee8847ec93c1e39d9b36fde5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad857ec3919fa4a21b2e80ebc26f1272e">getFloat(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a282f306febca49da98f20875b7366899">float</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa80e830b202747daacacea106cd0b35e">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r30bd43ae51a941de875334e776039ca6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__af93eb083740f430a90c51e2a4b372709">getFloat(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a9fe54fcfe5464595a47bd2d74c0eb200">float</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a70f24916055d4fe4a1f9993ccaa04152">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ra7ff56ea488544a3a88b67cac3f7c195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a742e402fffb74229a9de9a3b8b01930a">getInt(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aefd2c60b9a764241b3686f3e0503b833">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a94ae7d75a73d49cda835d19023b3a457">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r5f152cf571234465b5dbdaf5baf8bbfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a4da3f300ea474e70b23708c6f3ed1ea6">getInt(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a4f977c4f28fb4dde882cf2672b89ab54">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aad9bbe9747864662878c92ecddf6f7a8">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r5ccd9a804fda49d0b233e0db4b0afb92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a87b0a59f15fd4be3b6e3ae465b386f13">getLong(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a69336d60e13543aa82980369da7e653e">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a5c63c0d8a5314351896afda3ee0d46bc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r4252a0836205444bb7a447fe3a67734e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__af1f4b858e9e24124b1768f802289d394">getLong(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a171156387f1e4cbca0a5c70400cdbd69">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad948f818ef844fa98dd402e83da37a89">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rf3c823e04818469dbf714884322df4a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad8b129876db54ca1a00608774d4ba6d9">getShort(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad16337e02849467b853c335727fecb07">short</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a0a12481bb7c5455cafc31b807f755efb">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rf0da7bf0a2d74f208c209455d9fcc646"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa439383004fc4c09942aef824a429a3f">getShort(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a96d91aa4fbfb40059e31b84f2fa7c744">short</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ae622d949eb49488c9eeabf3c5d4b72e3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r34c0992dcf104cd492ed51aed9955314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ab98d630a4dfc409b8faca7e97717a1c0">getString(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa352a9b57ba14e0189b71484cee8c9ea">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a7fbdaf2494604253897ddf18e076126f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r6c2568a2623046f9881b9d177d1b2042"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a53ddf1d079d34e409ebc125b49a49be0">getString(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ae021d6082b1449119225aee5df00da2e">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ada93476960c144d0b92c14ec5aefd23e">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r0be19ef04ead48f18f56ca814b2aface"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aa3f51b46f5404deda0b61d5e10e7fe1a">getTime(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a0d59d6cd75a74f5391338a5f88b1ac82">Time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a355c860c580248f7bc8ec99579d6376c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r007ba54ed41b4e4ebd6e2bd37211752c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__adf6725fc48034574af7f038c77977c48">getTime(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ae0c43e861c86471cbb4ccd988eed29f2">Time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad66c842157a44d0289a1706ae05203cd">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rd4cbb51acd8a4000a7feb0b76b4ad769"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a0c74aae7a80d4e69a6b564c4ea026daf">getTimestamp(int columnIndex)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ad52cbc4b5b7f439aba3a2c7214adda41">Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__adb9fafe8491043b8a96be92fc880875a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rc941ab99b390405996ab80b23aaa6c14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a7a877bd9ed9a4645813880fa92b81e1d">getTimestamp(String columnLabel)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a69c58f34806f4bd4bef508499de7d385">Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a702ac7ef33ec48f5a6d3e0a55a6a6b7b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rd60f58c4ae184d4393fa17d3881299a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__aaeef7786539b43f8b9fcc2d9a8ed4240">isAfterLast()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a243849e7cf3948ff91e6a67969e50e4d"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text4409122711315">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a1442d032c9d043118158acd1e728b3bf">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__r433f5e441258437a8e02181ccf657286"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a23be888cb7b341aa8da20c9c68a21e08">isBeforeFirst()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__afab3a0c32c4b4442b1513577c1d9f5aa"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text17108182819130">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ac01a691b4fd6401a93080004f3c28f99">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rcbb9e6c423e447e7a783290ff3940594"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ac0501ccbce834d72a3a0381e8cc7069b">isFirst()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a9344dddd8f8c46f4bba08e08f9858517"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text5841428171319">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__ac6ab9839614a4abda9559682a437a8f1">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__rcd1d3a47e63944c58837494b34a2c6ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.483448344834486%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a1ee76a8d5cba439fba6fe57508defa11">next()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.78327832783278%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a3e0b068e2e5b4fa29866449b7cd16f94"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__text1760032981316">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.73327332733273%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__a72a32cdd98ea46c08b91e072e85012a1">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__n52f48cd1383a4fd6ad33fdb89f665dae"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__u10e3d528f5a24891bb50d42b3d9abcd1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__l98eaaa8dc9fd4d5fb37b396e6e48f5df">One Statement cannot have multiple open ResultSets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814721__l462e1df7c3394a39805f7fa59b1ab2c1">The cursor that is used for traversing the ResultSet cannot be open after committed.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0109.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0109.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abe55470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0109.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.ResultSetMetaData</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__en-us_topic_0059777732_p174972250187">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__b842352706163611">java.sql.ResultSetMetaData</strong>, which provides details about ResultSet object information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__t3ec50d40c8734800995571d55bcd276e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.ResultSetMetaData</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__r95255946a8bc4704a6789094bb0ceb3e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.330000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__ab3b25f8460454625a892e3303b6a9113">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.92%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__aabea6e31b8174ef9a738ac9416f57f45">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.750000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a3a53ed2bafe144fb9584ee0e982b7b07">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__rc67b8638f9144796ba6d7911b31dba2a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.330000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a91ad9f7fcddc4cc68fff4a4f23da6db6">getColumnCount()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__ae019c4fa58694dc9aea0414071efac3a">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.750000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a4415d5fd4d624d4eb3655610b0ce7156">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__rdea9909784a34817bfd5830d8967ffaf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.330000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__adf540fb2bb664fd7bc581273474f93ce">getColumnName(int column)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a188a325ef5984be09b814aecdf41b25a">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.750000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__ab5f20aa4c2d14d258d9cafec5925e587">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__rb58fc7ec534944eeb63dcc4a0e901787"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.330000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a1221599be0bf4f67b278e24e958ccb95">getColumnType(int column)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__afc7f8a5686a5471196f4a6c428763554">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.750000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__af3d999e60f0f4a2f80112e00343c339f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__r277f46f3977a4de09e46337f593d9222"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.330000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__a5c379d53f0f44e01b130a408e82679f8">getColumnTypeName(int column)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__aebefbe3ce00e471fb99ceb410c56ab46">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.750000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814663__ad24b8620b4d344af99041c5234b564a8">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0110.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0110.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06c51a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0110.html
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">java.sql.Statement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__en-us_topic_0059777679_p430314307188">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__b842352706164843">java.sql.Statement</strong>, the interface for executing SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__tbeb4ea45f27f4e309a0f5115b29213b0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for java.sql.Statement</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r457728b2c2744a2e89f722ebeb57b0e6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a446667a27c2e456a94c15899dad311c7">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aedd5890934ec4b87bdde27b10dbb592c">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a21dd33b6c40c47b68b73e6e149601995">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__rddd18f16b8da47c995386c805aac7b52"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a0f24bd75986e45aab6cb8172dc7eb5cb">close()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ad89732480a1f4a5185984b298ffcbb70">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ae39d80d2a18e4f37b88eb564835a5eac">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ra297c4567d14427aa805c1f4b7a364b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aa567fc4ea1b24864ab6e9474f6105659">execute(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__acfa04496a21447e581c25a8363bdc618"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__text1121714398138">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a4a6668767a084397a23b8db835d7f24a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r0e06459b1373420c90b5f2cc4c87b8b7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ad5b2f112671a441b93191e28e16c02e2">executeQuery(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a9296041cc69d4a808efc09e8435c09fd">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ae982f394531a47ad88cce5e789f8c0c9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r900994352e5e41e0ac6ea36634b268e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a27666718af0c477e9249e05ff4b9ebd6">executeUpdate(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ad44c0b19b8e549ceb63cc8d28c0d50eb">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__abe70e435bea547f89d6de270c497a835">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r826f8c05d2fa40519e31d1449f5cb1d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a3a3b86b6349445539fb7e0307241cd91">getConnection()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__af7a0c3782f0a42248248aafd3e85e8fe">Connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aee72f8e0188949c2b7ac441e3728ede4">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__reb1754c149da4d8294c5d4a7434bda4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ab1508aef2f764608802746d7586f5aa7">getResultSet()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__ac46d7cac48b440f5b6db9b254ec57b44">ResultSet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a2e74c91b4d044eaeab51eccb94b7ae21">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r8877f1ad78ed40e8822cbeba9d83969f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a48b373b48b374ba5a280ee4940c4dcf3">getQueryTimeout()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aa5a43b2efd3848bd833f05c4fc427d06">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__af01cc1cc9fc34cb8afd1774900bbb016">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__rdddb9050e3674f4598ecad90cab723f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a9f2529fa0e474862bff55a205ce2c097">getUpdateCount()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a3c4c9f4acf784e02814b16f2d8ed1b1e">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a8219e419d1c74db598605b6cae4ee0c7">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__rdb6583b43fa4449ca03a8764b37b5303"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__abcea33e561a34e3b8cfdf15520ba5a00">isClosed()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a836f8d659d054262a324a294f5f8fd82"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__text717104015131">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a2f887eefb8b742b796ed6a4d20062d3c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r03e0369d23ab4fc0be9825284952c6d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a97569dcdb4524988b8cee12e653262a4">setQueryTimeout(int seconds)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a8298ea0938204c48a632267adec155fe">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aa7f779b099bf4f1c99639bb4fd7375fc">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r62c43c43fcbb4430b95ed98a657a60d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aebed2439ce744a2cb0d291881500203d">setFetchSize(int rows)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a760e3ea448c64188a220e9ac3d15a770">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a00d364cbff2249c48fc80d3a321c1c81">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__r034dce6d5e2245f3b24df7abc3655a26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a0de0cc082a9044058e96e0fc0832be52">cancel()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a6da8801246d3451da6184ef42bf5bab9">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a572bb232306f4fc7add2d47e54af6e3c">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__n894afca38a5b441dbedd1c1570414b19"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__a1abf9540ed034db6a5cfafed7d950134">Using setFetchSize can reduce the memory occupied by result sets on the client. Result sets are packaged into cursors and segmented for processing, which will increase the communication traffic between the database and the client, affecting performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__aadc50ff884e8410b92ee13ef65435f27">Database cursors are valid only within their transaction. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__b842352706163342">setFetchSize</strong> is set, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894605__b84235270616341">setAutoCommit(false)</strong> and commit transactions on the connection to flush service data to a database.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0111.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0111.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42bce3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0111.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a44a3a5ab195c4a539af3bb84731cf444">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__b842352706165143">javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource</strong>, the interface for data source connection pools.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__tbef53ff3be8249dd82c96db574a0795b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r8c96b06fa3a14714b3340773137afa7d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ac6bebcfd89744e90b6794e68f941d22d">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__aab0fce753b2a43b6bfaebb4a9439b1d5">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ad6acfe8c80c84aceb76848420c03f0f7">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ra0d9c1b888c647a58de27fc358d28282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a1082d28df37c43edbee69ad7b5507138">getLoginTimeout()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a7688a5f206084ad59ec78b520dd1a774">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a9ad882dad9bd449abf54cbfcdee1d4e7">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r6b250855e349405098281da807814500"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a0f8c8070ccbe4316b2cdd15ea61e5fb2">getLogWriter()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ac861b4f8411d4353ba2164d4c20deb7c">PrintWriter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a10058822bd12417d9a89e8eaf03879a6">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r271c024d4f0d4853b14da3a85847d20a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a7564930571e84ea391e27edd1e91b907">getPooledConnection()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ac30ddb364a9146dcb2a6733669193da7">PooledConnection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a9a8cc26f69864302b272a413985849be">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r72264ba31ea649d7bc7b1dd021a7930f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a0c8c9e5b7e3141f4a441b22fed86d4d7">getPooledConnection(String user,String password)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__affd1ad5b6f5a401fbd9c74033ffac44b">PooledConnection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a53fd5c0634bc44dbb74dee8afc86c78b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r092063ce36d045578389576bf37780fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a92ed902c8e9c40898fc884315eaef2c7">setLoginTimeout(int seconds)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__abb84caf0c2fe42afb69b1ecfd6e6ffac">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a18fd8e0e4b7c4bda96b4a94bceaf0c5b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__r59616d3d77d548ffbd0fcf55f3a5460c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.696930306969307%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a1066a1b36d57447fa994d58c420e97fc">setLogWriter(PrintWriter out)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.38586141385861%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__ad25d253d994044b2945f269f229680b4">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.917208279172083%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894677__a4b7f435380304d36837454c4e9598223">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0112.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0112.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5769c823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0112.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">javax.sql.DataSource</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a417e31c57cff4a079b3c609640126b21">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__b842352706165334">javax.sql.DataSource</strong>, the interface for data sources.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__t03805d292ad14f76863404bf4782ad87" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for javax.sql.DataSource</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__r2e6c939de1ec436d923e074c96ad0240"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__ab088ada33ac94aac8f27b828120b9cc4">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__ae24bb23fbc8246a1af21fb7629695d0b">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a44a996da214847bca012d4d930a00b45">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__rf5e7868f67624ccba53ccfa22b66e467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__abc9a66c22ef3431aa3da3a85fd1acced">getConneciton()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a1211ad06745c494e88ecf0d9788c3067">Connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a723b162ede344942ae56d4673c9fce0d">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__r0362ae3a16b44064ab267d9db8d9c7b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a1779ab4a9b484370a07955e3766c63a9">getConnection(String username,String password)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__aa91e89cbed604f3594274826c5619527">Connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__af597f2183f1d41d5a5b2cd15ef3db8b9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__r17a0f10f954d47ed8a9bdeeaff263159"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a59f4e918575a42b3aaa4d6e002ea21a1">getLoginTimeout()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a20e11c032e9144fa8f46a7abdbe36e9b">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a0b2fd10faecd4344b895552561642a3f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__re8e244f881144227ab9f39b476af5818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a8917e0e671f346c98acc4c2baa1fe47f">getLogWriter()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__af67b90f96554430bbda98140fa90c6dd">PrintWriter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a4e27a7f23c8244f5803e89b6c77e5577">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__r315945f2f66e459b905545bf035956a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__aebcd28be04804af097dd930b8f50bca6">setLoginTimeout(int seconds)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a2a02a5a8f9d044eeabcf4c6f6b27159e">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__ae6f90b06115a4c529a3d02f7d7dcda23">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__r8c3d85bb1ea241ed9fcb9df53153fefa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__ad7b8cc5c1dfc4e1da84e794d7693fb68">setLogWriter(PrintWriter out)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__a1d9484f4efae45009bd690db59d25240">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974596__aeb3b7bccd4094545bd553e0fe2e0a345">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0113.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0113.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7c25488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0113.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">javax.sql.PooledConnection</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a1eec00e96bd24836a9bf6e85757a858e">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__b842352706165415">javax.sql.PooledConnection</strong>, the connection interface created by a connection pool.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__taa8c9b5bf65542f49c2e5b4f2bfa27ab" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for javax.sql.PooledConnection</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r8b1ddfcb04b8437a9bbb6b24924b995a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a4969fc8f984d4f1c9f576f24b585809f">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__aa112bfa5c69640859aeacca03be570f5">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__abb507a0705214b69aa59acc901a7d03d">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r9c502ca6f9724f2489050c088fd69a3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__ab12005c156c3491ba37e91adb432ff1d">addConnectionEventListener (ConnectionEventListener listener)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a647a9bf8b3b7466296efd42bda470c49">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a457298c742b24d06a56b970f5f1954ad">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r04ae1436b8e24d59b1b57f287189b690"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a74a5e939fe4f4d3aada8380f0b462416">close()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a91d05250ea2847298cc43b28da786a37">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a55b7fba8232d4fa68457aafc0e7a80e0">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r1371fc45edb3452988b951ea0b471d85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a27988aa2b55c4fc1929926961e6f38d8">getConnection()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__adc32b4c7f6e4491d9f8a1eb96d0327fd">Connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a1008453d765d473a83c2a48fb124a7a5">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r9f7c56ce16aa42538f137f3954a02fba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a9a4da4af9427443db144815f9e49f084">removeConnectionEventListener (ConnectionEventListener listener)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__aae752980a460462681dfbf51b47d1a1d">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a9abc22c907c64b6ebe4b43303b56e229">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__r438b9fa005854d7c96976d16925d2947"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__af5cae8f4a34645b4ae1de512b68bb2f9">addStatementEventListener (StatementEventListener listener)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__adf59a3ca727d4a598892f0ddf1b7832c">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a1b4eff34f6e64998a428f001e46e8783">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__rc1357b4126ab45698b0cd0ab7da4a39f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a59284cc837c1473eb22a1eef2d2d5429">removeStatementEventListener (StatementEventListener listener)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__a7379a0c756c64e8e9d9f1cd9be855bee">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134696__af538c952067243aba622dc3de5924d6f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0114.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0114.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66788692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0114.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">javax.naming.Context</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ae06fb68547ef4aa5baae95f8f48085ec">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__b842352706165554">javax.naming.Context</strong>, the context interface for connection configuration.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__tf8bb4c71d68d43408cb213d067a3c990" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for javax.naming.Context</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r01cbf5f1e96c42fab1fdbfebcd9dd77b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a81033fc0c670403da6b34f40b1715e40">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__aaff4dfd8fb324252bee56a0835d3a08a">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a0967186e79814f04b0b118d059973d76">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r796978304cb4474f8c229fa09f8cf01b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a83f47dc46c6b4ac9b76aead1dfd54293">bind(Name name, Object obj)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ac1329de7b367491c98469405da6d16c6">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__aca86e9e6743c4901a1c92f63ead806f2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__racbdf030e3ba425896f601b285348442"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a55f2f5b371a44d4a9cd1aeb45fbfc4c8">bind(String name, Object obj)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a283db17bb5794161b112739a7d9b148a">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a4dc69f1bdf634d44aab66c52ff006ff9">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r67f747789be54a96b4bb3eaa744729b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a431df219c35f4661b90ac4d19f7400c6">lookup(Name name)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a1c1ebb94f30c4940a5bf2f501e352ccf">Object</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__abe22c990fd3242c797d7c8e29729b2bd">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__rd10aa0b3062f4ab9856ea45bb89e9d1e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a98deb5a8695b48339c671e47fdad4eb7">lookup(String name)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ab2c905f8e8d14ca68ee191084839bf5e">Object</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__acc87f73d55564321ae24f4afebc88567">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r58c8330df7124429a99be9b84183effe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ad1910ccc57d04743a75f08232fbd432e">rebind(Name name, Object obj)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a1e20644acbdf44c79c0399fd63f14b66">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a55e0e0fa622348cfb6e2ced4273a8e0a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r5b94c1540d4f4bf991ed8cc0ce6e59ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ace0dabd214f149b0bf3dfde7c0f1be35">rebind(String name, Object obj)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__abb0944ef131e41458a447a216e0b394d">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ac0b460189443403da0ddfb06b274cfe3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r238aea7584a2435b9bea414b1ecabfff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a50c8a2d9369248dfab6d2606d1c87f2c">rename(Name oldName, Name newName)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__afdd03a79640a492f8f12614e5a458621">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a366e8e1bcb714518b1b3b7c213372a8a">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__rb4bf2c3818964f968893e897d094ba87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a631248d961a547369e56ad8569e6673e">rename(String oldName, String newName)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a9022ae368b0b4a098b8dc3a04d8978c8">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a687521cc2c1d4c38a2495bbcf7132ca2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__rbe9ab99206144c3b9219627d96ae1b83"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a51bcedbee850449fa25747c311f20b9b">unbind(Name name)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__aae7055da60784025813fb073f37ced23">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a029064eec05542eca3eafbd2b54c6342">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__r87db212b5c124a56b157e8e51e888a1c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a0c48fb3f30e84453b102896c5c40fcbf">unbind(String name)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__a0cb1aa44980a42ef94ea5392da8fee9f">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814686__ac39814a9109f4546bbc93c132047ed20">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0115.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0115.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19bb2db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0115.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__en-us_topic_0059779330_p15308579205">This section describes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__b842352706165717">javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory</strong>, the initial context factory interface.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__t078fcff008fc4abca641910bcaef9d81" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support status for javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__rb9d151a283364be9b2a6fe1072d78065"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.400000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__adcc6f706d96f44598a0a1006f22dcc04">Method Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.029999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__a60fc63fadc384045bc112c4392ca0896">Return Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__a000661ec05ac40ea9a3849ecde14b396">Support JDBC 4</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__rcd51d69cae554d61b21def91f7b8e73d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__a715df1c0c86b4a1aa8eb5ae1030480e5">getInitialContext(Hashtable&lt;?,?&gt; environment)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.029999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__a34a83eb1f54e471988873fe230cf0e99">Context</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494725__a53e8766d2b3340c385dda556cebce3d3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0116.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0116.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CopyManager</h1>
+<div id="body1527239099917"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a63d3bb2dba314445b16c2caf0e4ffd5c">CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__text658151934">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. It is used to import data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__text1073477488">GaussDB(DWS)</span> in batches.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__s13d4e1ae6e7f4093b2befca4f95bcb2a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Inheritance Relationship of CopyManager</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__aef5a2034ed6c407cb76224098137bb63">The CopyManager class is in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b842352706193825">org.postgresql.copy</strong> package class and inherits the java.lang.Object class. The declaration of the class is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__s0699eca7ceae41f1b325901a54d7dced">public class CopyManager
+extends Object</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__s991f7f5cbc1b416486a230ecf182f34c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Construction Method</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__aa45532108ede4a508758018a2dd72528">public CopyManager(BaseConnection connection)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a0bda1be6170849c6992d19f47a059c94">throws SQLException</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__scf2f0864aee74d8c9f6306919559bcef"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Basic Methods</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__te5d166cd4a53435aa48ef72d32e0fff5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common methods of CopyManager</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__rc928bb23b3184909aed9b751ea9b997e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a1af2301e1c554678a2d5ee7a05b03d40">Return Value</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a5f1c179d370f43a2981fce85f3fad581">Method</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__af5f780869bcc45f7b04d4d537f3f8efa">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__aea5205c9b1d0476983fc32d2eed9a26b">throws</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r27e5026a07e5421293e081c6f6bfb89f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a240459d7eede46d5be7755e46d74f2a2">CopyIn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ad81602b2e1c548d0a6dfeeaa1b145ebe">copyIn(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a81c28af0356c48a4896bbc826c147854">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__aebabadd9d0484a46aa8b6bfefec15876">SQLException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r17c90d04576c48c59edac1cbe566e3a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a444bc06a76ba4676a263d2b94751fdff">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a8020189a9e5f480582e47d543a64462b">copyIn(String sql, InputStream from)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a22aca0f657954629ad92f47b0c60bbd4">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b842352706193948">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly load data to tables in the database from InputStream.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__afbc83969a7ed48de92dfd867138b2508">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ra8e5391633284b85ae175a6002f790ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ae9fa748e87934f72a25736ec72d129bf">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a10847a0ebca244f08c4903ac3cdfef9a">copyIn(String sql, InputStream from, int bufferSize)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a8ac518de8bf14965b0332a4b78b37b49">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b1421568650">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly load data to tables in the database from InputStream.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a2db5058311984dd9ae93f5dcb4384dd6">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r452b0d5c470947c1b77a74a2a4f9f154"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a6d9cfaa18d494d8aa3502f2bc5dd1cc2">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a28f97988b8f34e14949925cced295e71">copyIn(String sql, Reader from)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a2884eeb30df247188b37fb0ae2a69834">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b1646535903">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly load data to tables in the database from Reader.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a7478dcaff1bc4e86a4c6ddbe163433a1">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r0e3ac05402b74167b421916391c76883"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a5fcea7829e8f4d7d99e25b21f0a26ac5">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a9dc8362a893840e99dbd133e5ed7dd12">copyIn(String sql, Reader from, int bufferSize)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a9953efbb922b4024b3f2c387569c67ec">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b155582424">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly load data to tables in the database from Reader.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a5374008f0952419281862281cf232b75">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r6d50ffe6f8f64a3088b0be84c77a520b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a225dc1116ceb4e488fafda83a68a611f">CopyOut</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ac502b8c654854a68b92288d7f7f38fe6">copyOut(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a62a3cf28d5e94cf5b38f3e086a0ce489">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ac3e72f0279364a95ae3cea683cdaf5ad">SQLException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r8175148026c34c6fa58a3cbc7945c80e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a141dc833aaf349b98360f410099638a7">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a295e967aeb04440e9b0a888a475707da">copyOut(String sql, OutputStream to)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__ad11bbea68f77476fad9d26aa0f78b731">Sends the result set of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b842352706194036">COPY TO STDOUT</strong> from the database to the OutputStream class.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a5b268016a3334c61a3075ae930edc85d">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__r831580777db2407988553e5cfe9bb12b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__addb90dd02585421581da6b77c55a1a9d">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__afaab83c8545a407db0d585216c7d68b9">copyOut(String sql, Writer to)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__af4083c960af6477597a15e3d78ad7e3c">Sends the result set of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__b1753940891">COPY TO STDOUT</strong> from the database to the Writer class.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894739__a037fd5b7148a4335827c9512f8dd39b6">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0102.html">JDBC Interface Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0117.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0117.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ODBC-Based Development</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__en-us_topic_0059778944_p921863115410">Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a Microsoft API for accessing databases based on the X/OPEN CLI. The ODBC API alleviates applications from directly operating in databases, and enhances the database portability, extensibility, and maintainability.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__ac15120f9d8fa4cdf886237ba2675fb54"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__f08f2cb1be20447fc8206f122126d1ec3">Figure 1</a> shows the system structure of ODBC.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__f08f2cb1be20447fc8206f122126d1ec3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__f08f2cb1be20447fc8206f122126d1ec3"></a><a name="f08f2cb1be20447fc8206f122126d1ec3"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>ODBC system structure</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__i9462eda3273446f194bb64ec40e98bec" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975164.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a71a1bf98dbb64ea48c20fa75b3160e76"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__text252248690">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports ODBC 3.5 in the following environments.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__tbc8bbd19557c42b7aeb1f9b886ed02af" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>OSs Supported by ODBC</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__rd14a6586d58b488590d7d7717c41b1ed"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a72de65b705e341209d042ccd2b550004">OS</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.36%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a779a7332a176411f9633e55aa513612f">Platform</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__r7fddef17dabc496f8edc99d2f7ae35ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a07ec0036a03f44fa80e22b47ac61b7db">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1/SP2/SP3/SP4</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p15785162115173">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 and SP1/SP2/SP3/SP5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__aa862c8db5da544d4b3686b0095628757">x86_64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__r96674a0e4a864236abe9eee49fcf00e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a42561ea5aab8491b8fee1e7f5c4996fa">Red Hat  Enterprise Linux 6.4/6.5/6.6/6.7/6.8/6.9/7.0/7.1/7.2/7.3/7.4/7.5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a475b129cb2a948bfaf30edbb02759356">x86_64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__row201661823145212"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p1340452617527">Red Hat  Enterprise Linux 7.5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p71681523185210">ARM64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__rca11f97d8b3348f49f56ab8741353c71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a083dce07f0c84cc5b59eb4a809684210">CentOS 6.4/6.5/6.6/6.7/6.8/6.9/7.0/7.1/7.2/7.3/7.4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__af74aec3477b446f8835eb0f4542f1375">x86_64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__row196422068554"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p12643116125510">CentOS 7.6</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p864386185519">ARM64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__r26f03256b88c4bb5a92ac40d0ce2ada5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__en-us_topic_0059778944_p826525664919">EulerOS 2.0 SP2/SP3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__en-us_topic_0059778944_p93583610509">x86_64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__row1728515110349"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p1028612118342">EulerOS 2.0 SP8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p162863113411">ARM64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__row113458439207"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p1534674302017">NeoKylin 7.5/7.6</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p2034674313203">ARM64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__row15170412132110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p41703123212">Oracle Linux R7U4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p151704121211">x86_64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__r0a7af9e196944e38bf2acd22b933f95d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__adb9426347ecb4795b3d60a34c600753e">Windows 7</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a8931565130d8452fb1ed4064f3a88a94">32-bit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__rcfd8ac877cd946ea9d689ff0bf313520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__ac4a694a92b4e4afd8c9b045b0dbddfbf">Windows 7</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a0b86b42edf2f436c8db70caf0f4292eb">64-bit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__rffc0848d5f7d463ebdaf04b94525801e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__aad7a7b78bb0c40c5be5c1b6962606027">Windows Server 2008</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a29b9c3380df74d4ba804be6a7b18bc32">32-bit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__r3739b8921d14454a814ebb1eb6c09320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.64%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__ab58e89f652a94f7c9039e96189c55284">Windows Server 2008</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" align="left" valign="top" width="21.36%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__ad7c9cf71f55643f4b743cb9edfca8401">64-bit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p2925111816444">The operating systems listed above refer to the operating systems on which the ODBC program runs. They can be different from the operating systems where databases are deployed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__aac440dfa1fa041b895788cd561bc2dff">The ODBC Driver Manager running on UNIX or Linux can be unixODBC or iODBC. Select unixODBC-2.3.0 here as the component for connecting the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__a139999cd7214429ca4d1621da6f2d909">Windows has a native ODBC Driver Manager. You can locate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__b842352706142057">Data Sources (ODBC)</strong> by choosing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__b84235270614212">Control Panel &gt; Administrative Tools</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__note4209112913117"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894689__p1121082910117">The current database ODBC driver is based on an open source version and may be incompatible with vendor-unique data types, such as tinyint, smalldatetime, and nvarchar2.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0118.html">ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0119.html">Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0120.html">Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0123.html">ODBC Development Example</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0085.html">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0118.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0118.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef8163da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0118.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ODBC Package and Its Dependent Libraries and Header Files</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__s50f5c05f3f6c47eb864a1ba7812c6a12"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ODBC Package for the Linux OS</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__a3716124fa4304c80922f4c5f188713e5">Obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b13845113472510">dws_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__i529413713253">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b10334174219259">_odbc_driver_for_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__i1338834552514">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b12196144952518">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__i10228653102518">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b318785716257">.zip</strong> package from the release package. In the Linux OS, header files (including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b727011712588">sql.h</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b52751877587">sqlext.h</strong>) and library (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b1276127125819">libodbc.so</strong>) are required in application development. These header files and libraries can be obtained from the unixODBC-2.3.0 installation package.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__sc1a5d19e6ef14a7283a693a085865670"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ODBC Package for the Windows OS</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__a0657302b8a364eeab58a2f9073499fe4">Obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b777112387281">dws_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__i8405114112282">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814313__b12124165082814">_odbc_driver_for_windows.zip</strong> package from the release package. In the Windows OS, the required header files and library files are system-resident.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0119.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0119.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4b79049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0119.html
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__en-us_topic_0059778464_p445652912200">The ODBC DRIVER (psqlodbcw.so) provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text1781137857">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can be used after it has been configured in the data source. To configure data sources, users must configure the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b58128632153257">odbc.ini</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b53395641153257">odbcinst.ini</strong> files on the server. The two files are generated during the unixODBC compilation and installation, and are saved in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b49418201393924">/usr/local/etc</strong> directory by default.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__sc6acab38f2514630b494c3ad3d36951c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__of8392d967d124699836ac5550c5cef75"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l81ef62e7737343f281bf40267fd85705"><span>Obtain the source code package of unixODBC at:</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aef9a4c677c7945b9b46b68fc068b19f7">https://sourceforge.net/projects/unixodbc/files/unixODBC/2.3.0/unixODBC-2.3.0.tar.gz/download</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__leb7c4a4bfb1b45e3b5e0f068f6896d45"><span>Currently, unixODBC-2.2.1 is not supported. Assume you are to install unixODBC-2.3.0. Run the following commands. unixODBC is installed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b62322001894037">/usr/local</strong> directory by default. The data source file is generated in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706202548">/usr/local/etc</strong> directory, and the library file is generated in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270620261">/usr/local/lib</strong> directory.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__sbb069dcd28e6490a9e20044e8fc28110">tar zxvf unixODBC-2.3.0.tar.gz
+cd unixODBC-2.3.0
+# Open the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706163147">configure</strong> file. If it does not exist, open the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706163218">configure.ac</strong> file. Find <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706163224">LIB_VERSION</strong>.
+# Change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1177820873192518">LIB_VERSION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706192524">1:0:0</strong> to compile a *.so.1 dynamic library with the same dependency on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706163237">psqlodbcw.so</strong>.
+vim configure
+
+./configure --enable-gui=no # To perform the compilation on a TaiShan server, add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1323125515309">configure</strong> parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b7532760315">--build=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu</strong>.
+make
+# The installation may require root permissions.
+make install</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aba6f7917050841edb82200f1194365b5">Install unixODBC. If another version of unixODBC has been installed, it will be overwritten after installation.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li75024335317"><span>Replace the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text165019434537">GaussDB(DWS)</span> client driver.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p253525592515">Decompress the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b56972655817">dws_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i204521829105813">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b15591234175813">_odbc_driver_for_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i11236153775814">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1235194014587">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i1551464355819">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1596154685815">.zip</strong> package.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ul10835111816267"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li583612185265">Obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b7785450205820">psqlodbcw.la</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1178635019584">psqlodbcw.so</strong> files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b174117495592">/dws_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i9329175215593">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b7611105615917">_odbc_driver_for_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i19499859105911">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b10443921006">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i17579350019">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1855314914019">/odbc/lib</strong> directory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li103923228260">The lib file is generated in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b5145142916016">/dws_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i16154133211017">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b16642163618014">_odbc_driver_for_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i1107124016016">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1362613431908">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i62081946202">xxx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b192331449609">/lib</strong> directory.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l9916f0b095ce48aeb2e6ff14ac8ce8dd"><span>Configure the data source.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__o83a2ae3c708347a08ad58a7b0863647d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l493c13d5e3974612818309f5d3670a5c">Configure the ODBC driver file.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a77b36efe0b54406a9b4e087729043f26"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l493c13d5e3974612818309f5d3670a5c"></a><a name="l493c13d5e3974612818309f5d3670a5c"></a>Add the following content to the end of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706203139">/usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini</strong> file:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__saffeaee6ac6d40dd8e5d12bf3dbd7d20">[GaussMPP]
+Driver64=/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so
+setup=/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a29ca0872c82d421cbbfb8aae2e9ee547">For descriptions of the parameters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1341344035915">odbcinst.ini</strong> file, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__taf2925d5217b456dab21acdd246a6218">Table 1</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__taf2925d5217b456dab21acdd246a6218"></a><a name="taf2925d5217b456dab21acdd246a6218"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__taf2925d5217b456dab21acdd246a6218" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>odbcinst.ini configuration parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r873e7bbcfa7a45d5a91f188f59d4db97"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.340000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a19b8525bd8a744a5ab5a70944bff515f">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.89%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a5092f2ffa7474e18ae2c2b8d511cc2a2">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__afa89325ab8864c35b5b5d36adbe07ff1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270621571">Example</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r7aabbf635ded41b193443d7cde3c08a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.340000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a6a124fe2dbb343f8a46c44124e00f0b8">[DriverName]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a09c5c094efd449f4889d9c79f9f2f1ac">Driver name, corresponding to Driver in DSN.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a3abcd54580b44647a34f58ac17824de6">[DRIVER_N]</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rf4a171ecb64f4859a357a0a1b67fe625"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.340000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a98f5095961b344eb8006a9a8a41b1e4c">Driver64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a269fb5b5f6484a0cba727f1faa210031">Path of the dynamic driver library</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a0a2b7c3242c54cbdb4481ba849ab7336">Driver64=/xxx/odbc/lib/psqlodbcw.so</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r6c7121a7af9148899c9c710b57c4cfd3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.340000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a13345f2e81b34168ae318ab7d705f28e">setup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af4f160c9631c426480235ad33a6cd8d9">Driver installation path, which is the same as the dynamic library path in Driver64.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a50002409d23d4588bd402e16d8107d7a">setup=/xxx/odbc/lib/psqlodbcw.so</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l1840b52806e74147b7550417c7f67970">Configure the data source file.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a52cbbe865cda4f8ebd00ddbeab54c0f0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l1840b52806e74147b7550417c7f67970"></a><a name="l1840b52806e74147b7550417c7f67970"></a>Add the following content to the end of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b26771535153257">/usr/local/etc/odbc.ini</strong> file:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__s70ca578249b549a7b73c0ea957e07d94">[MPPODBC]
+Driver=GaussMPP
+Servername=<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b202311206420">10.10.0.13</strong> (database server IP address)
+Database=<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b13391183118316"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text91831321465">gaussdb</span></strong> (database name)
+Username=<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b12384351935"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text1746816106572">dbadmin</span></strong> (database username)
+Password= (database user password)
+Port=<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b747234542"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text14943162320574">8000</span></strong> (database listening port)
+Sslmode=allow</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__abd63eb427ec84964b6559258d8b73003">For descriptions of the parameters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b61991212019">odbc.ini</strong> file, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t9b0fd675e5df4f31873fd95186e7fe93">Table 2</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t9b0fd675e5df4f31873fd95186e7fe93"></a><a name="t9b0fd675e5df4f31873fd95186e7fe93"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t9b0fd675e5df4f31873fd95186e7fe93" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>odbc.ini configuration parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__raa460ebe747a4087bfcb51a357bf91d6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ac48f42965b3d4da08f3c74ac2d5fa6e9">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a89f5ea4d8e5248888bcc6defa39415e9">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__abdc84ef90c944ce09ca92f27ce3218c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1229031313">Example</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__re7715e101d5248008c6f741f80762878"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a989a4f38b8e549a799096cf89231773f">[DSN]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a4006129610d547cc863a9963dacba94d">Data source name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ae9dbc86f0788406ba2ea04955210bf42">[MPPODBC]</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r163544ad04fa4440a95849c69908b268"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a2fc45aecab9544588e9c05afd422e484">Driver</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a1d2e9cf4422445bc9cf33707ca8ab3a2">Driver name, corresponding to DriverName in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b51821261153257">odbcinst.ini</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a06bd420170254aa58da6376d07a8624b">Driver=DRIVER_N</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rcaffcff83c65477982f30ce20de5f910"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aeeedca16b79f44fa857a8e374224e781">Servername</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a68e25a774678466289323fddf976db50">IP address of the server</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af229b4a5bcb84be9845838b7576386d9">Servername=10.145.130.26</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rc26be11873464403810eebd3480485f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a4db874a8d5c64961aee6fc6f9383c03f">Database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a917c185973e24086a537b3afc8875946">Name of the database to connect to</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af8011dbe8cb54d3e9fa74cebce828475">Database=<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text6290174319284">gaussdb</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rdee4148dc69649978249d003db58b1e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a4c6fa84255ed4f6383967fc2e843177e">Username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a15f081451d5a49c7b437dce8db5d6ad9">Name of the database user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a661cb895b4da499d94878f28f7a62e77">Username=<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text844218157119">dbadmin</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ra841a52f9bae413091e4e6902147a82d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af45ef0204bff4446a0d767c5d7f9bdbf">Password</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a849f11380ebb4169933d76afdf09c685">Password of the database user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a682b421c90a3486281a75ff2fdea76cd">Password=</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__nc41d2296fbaf43e0a6176f20134ec40c"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aee1fcd49777249d59341e55dcf417708">After a user established a connection, the ODBC driver automatically clears their password stored in memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a6928b76ebfa4455d923cc438ed4b6bf9">However, if this parameter is configured, unixODBC will cache data source files, which may cause the password to be stored in the memory for a long time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a21ec3f09aadd4cdf8414912f6f59668f">When you connect to an application, you are advised to send your password through an API instead of writing it in a data source configuration file. After the connection has been established, immediately clear the memory segment where your password is stored.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r6dbddb1dafce45f189ed37db3f444c26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ae2d995165eaf45ed93953e0fee313036">Port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a94eda1395785400387112f0e29ec49a9">Port ID of the server</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a7f2925bfb3ce45c89ebc5420aedf2361">Port=<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text123740515111">8000</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rd9fcd2e9e8e441b2a14cab17c8ef8b32"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aabc2f39d4fb84d8eaad3dc2bf202ed03">Sslmode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ad403c925c6974ffa86c02305171f0edc">Whether to enable the SSL mode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a7db0f1e9e1fb4cd788e063d74277ccf5">Sslmode=allow</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__row3180734193610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p91811034123617">UseServerSidePrepare</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p31811134143616">Whether to enable the extended query protocol for the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p19694134018382">The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b077453514403">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b17931539164016">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b117551143174012">1</strong>, indicating that the extended query protocol is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p318163493616">UseServerSidePrepare=1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__row18741310143913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p674191083916">UseBatchProtocol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p67427101397">Whether to enable the batch query protocol. If it is enabled, the DML performance can be improved. The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1373822484216">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b625162834215">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1789418329425">1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p20481152784010">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84343563446">0</strong>, the batch query protocol is disabled (mainly for communication with earlier database versions).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p05131728428">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b131443910476">1</strong> and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b064661434714">support_batch_bind</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b779722310470">on</strong>, the batch query protocol is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p7742101083917">UseBatchProtocol=1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__row9789524184113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p182621858115514">ConnectionExtraInfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p1626217582555">Whether to display the driver deployment path and process owner in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b289818416191">connection_info</strong> parameter mentioned in <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318">connection_info</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p42621158185515">ConnectionExtraInfo=1</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__note523613263217"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p17978439306">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270692512">0</strong>. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b05185813423">1</strong>, the ODBC driver reports the driver deployment path and process owner to the database and displays the information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b185184834213">connection_info</strong> parameter (see <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318">connection_info</a>). In this case, you can query the information from <a href="dws_04_0755.html">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</a> or <a href="dws_04_0820.html">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__row739073014314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p1849912015319">ForExtensionConnector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p5499190236">ETL tool performance optimization parameter. It can be used to optimize the memory and reduce the memory usage by the peer CN, to avoid system instability caused by excessive CN memory usage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p6518342615">The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b18239204115211">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b10242241135210">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b3242194155213">0</strong>, indicating that the optimization item is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p1411518281664">Do not set this parameter for other services outside the database system. Otherwise, the service correctness may be affected.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p94991703315">ForExtensionConnector=1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__row1883713421016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p783819347107">KeepDisallowPremature</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p2083823451016">Specifies whether the cursor in the SQL statement has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b54615132710">with hold</strong> attribute when the following conditions are met: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b11467512274">UseDeclareFetch</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1046205122716">1</strong>, and the application invokes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1847205132712">SQLNumResultCols</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b8471251172716">SQLDescribeCol</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1147135122713">SQLColAttribute</strong> after invoking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b047175111274">SQLPrepare</strong> to obtain the column information of the result set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p384601861117">The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1010517165212">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b3131135529">1</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b152973716522">0</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b10591615112">with hold</strong> attribute is supported, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b16503232526">1</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1561413111812">with hold</strong> attribute is not supported. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b34711931175218">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p12838153410105">KeepDisallowPremature=1</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__note18513115321111"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ul1752131153020"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li4284857183018">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1252115115317">UseServerSidePrepare</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b154913425317">1</strong>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b493861512534">KeepDisallowPremature</strong> parameter does not take effect. To use this parameter, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b629262515312">UseServerSidePrepare</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b18253102785313">0</strong>. For example, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1039543255316">UseDeclareFetch</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b142681334165312">1</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p779718543123">KeepDisallowPremature=1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p29725366124">UseServerSidePrepare=0</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ad2bc823fa43b4a548cb879dcffdefbde">The valid values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706194155">sslmode</strong> are as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t94b5d25de9a74a5f94c8a8a03af55265"></a><a name="t94b5d25de9a74a5f94c8a8a03af55265"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t94b5d25de9a74a5f94c8a8a03af55265" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>sslmode options</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rb8627c74a8994a588308f605322445a8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__abeba54185a7c4354af637f44d26a3f6d">sslmode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ab3fd88c026b84abfa47e9f5310ba6f93">Whether SSL Encryption Is Enabled</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a6e62062f40734e7194f6c17ecafd50b1">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rc6f7192d49394a9a9a3f07dac88dc222"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a9032ee3b6ff447ea9b5ca2b7f4d051f0">disable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ad25c7c7a4b604394908de031d3fc082e">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__afe30cc64583641bcab2ee2bac63f22d9">The SSL secure connection is not used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rd132c08eb3f74555a79adaa36ef5fca5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af433cb7ee4fc4cc191d1fc70c8872d52">allow</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aa89ef1022501425eab92c4361ea86ddf">Probably</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ade1f28e55ec54a5ab9876beb09f12139">The SSL secure encrypted connection is used if required by the database server, but does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r3b0059f6f80e4abba3adbd88d95bec8d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a33be2f0b4ae44720b38810bd035ad362">prefer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__acb0c87f777884e98b012f52de033b8b6">Probably</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a0d54b664758c41ea97888965d7c45306">The SSL secure encrypted connection is used as a preferred mode if supported by the database, but does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r0497f1a27bee4fb08112586f42678886"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__abacc3e199c0c4c139e15542ebdacec8e">require</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a7df79aac96484e6db8457eeb74690b45">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a4e1d4ff9a6974271a59ce157ac9fc200">The SSL secure connection must be used, but it only encrypts data and does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__r7818d263608047399abed2c0379769f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ad7eec2e8fcec46cda8d2ffd8b81a9945">verify-ca</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a15ee1e253a1b49d49d408bcef131bcd3">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a71f41054795247e3b4ce043685e1b76f">The SSL secure connection must be used, and it checks whether the database has certificates issued by a trusted CA.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__rdb5958041d9443759b51169077f09e80"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af2f4cd3e414645b1bf20918fd160e72a">verify-full</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a5fc092f773fc472f9b399a68ac4885fa">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.1.2.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a8d706965c05b424cb30a302c76d1e15b">The SSL secure connection must be used. In addition to the check scope specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b118215231004">verify-ca</strong>, it checks whether the name of the host where the database resides is the same as that on the certificate. This mode is not supported.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l4dd168526eef4e9f84490fa978474370"><span>Enable the SSL mode.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a0fe3752d37aa4e8e92c9f0826dc38bd6">To use SSL certificates for connection, decompress the certificate package contained in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__text1062120656">GaussDB(DWS)</span> installation package, and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1042914118388">source sslcert_env.sh</strong> file in a shell environment to deploy certificates in the default location of the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a4d3c76bcd35d483e826ec52aae93c854">Or manually declare the following environment variables and ensure that the permission for the client.key* series files is set to 600.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__screen1422716433345">export PGSSLCERT= "/YOUR/PATH/OF/client.crt" # Change the path to the absolute path of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270616948">client.crt</strong>.
+export PGSSLKEY= "/YOUR/PATH/OF/client.key" # Change the path to the absolute path of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b8423527061691">client.key</strong>.</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a20c554c23b5b48b6936f02de5f56b9f8">In addition, change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270616838">Sslmode</strong> in the data source to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270616836">verify-ca</strong>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li1241323562214"><span>In the security group rules of GaussDB(DWS), add the IP address segment of the servers with the client deployed to ensure that the servers can communicate with GaussDB(DWS).</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l7cc674ac3062428aace807b7b29b04e0"><span>Configure environment variables.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__sebbf3ebe451f463aadfd8babc42b1019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ad8c75131a9624b28b08cf92f6884c5b4">vim ~/.bashrc</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a9cca34b7e4dd4e378652bf4f0df8936a">Add the following content to the end of the configuration file:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__sfcbd5a5aea7b4457a7fc133926f32d5e">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+export ODBCSYSINI=/usr/local/etc
+export ODBCINI=/usr/local/etc/odbc.ini</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l94b00dd76cf34213949da07601578b6c"><span>Run the following commands to validate the settings:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__se04eee66f6114f499381a66ff4dc9ab9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a1e9e7bb1e14f414ea6ed1c0e3cdecd54">source ~/.bashrc</strong></pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__saa097acabd2348f39e52e32d69e5e6ed"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Testing Data Source Configuration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a56d2638e9a6942c6a12303843da95e19">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b49279462282">isql -v</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i1592774632810">GaussODBC</em> command (<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i2927154618288">GaussODBC</em> is the data source name).</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ufbf3d8011f7c48f4a2c511afba45bd47"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l1adfc011026f46a4aefe690f47807507">If the following information is displayed, the configuration is correct and the connection succeeds.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__sc07a94723069485ea855dfdc0719da8c">+---------------------------------------+
+| Connected!                            |
+|                                       |
+| sql-statement                         |
+| help [tablename]                      |
+| quit                                  |
+|                                       |
++---------------------------------------+
+SQL&gt; </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l1860c0ed35d54d35bf28f02a2a4bf93f">If error information is displayed, the configuration is incorrect. Check the configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__s427349e3618d4963a6b45da9035a48ef"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Troubleshooting</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__u354c9c0b8cff4fb88cb16bb5bc6c525d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lc5cfc1de9b3f46dfb722feecb42725a3">[UnixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'xxx/xxx/psqlodbcw.so' : file not found.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__adad7af8ead1146ecada00408e46bc2bf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lc5cfc1de9b3f46dfb722feecb42725a3"></a><a name="lc5cfc1de9b3f46dfb722feecb42725a3"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__u27c6bbd8237a4e9495a7e8f0d7083087"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l7639b5166a8b4d4586b9a63278a87636">The path configured in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706165519">odbcinst.ini</strong> file is incorrect.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a91b4b189095a4722b0f9908528fae377">Run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b200699616995751">ls</strong> to check the path in the error information, ensuring that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b145896223295751">psqlodbcw.so</strong> file exists and you have execution permissions on it.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lb1c6700de7004b5088296593c3c3042d">The dependent library of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b470702921043">psqlodbcw.so</strong> does not exist or is not in system environment variables.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__acdfdc2a2a8b547d3881d0a9f3b7f994c">Run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b138109057710415">ldd</strong> to check the path in the error information. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617440">libodbc.so.1</strong> or other unixODBC libraries are lacking, configure unixODBC again following the procedure provided in this section, and add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617934">lib</strong> directory under its installation directory to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617948">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</strong>. If other libraries are lacking, add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b44835430810539">lib</strong> directory under the ODBC driver package to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b71526369010539">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l6409767edc904447a7019fc2ee247b84">[UnixODBC]connect to server failed: no such file or directory<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a3874d7ec5a3f4a719c80a6a0c015d9ae"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l6409767edc904447a7019fc2ee247b84"></a><a name="l6409767edc904447a7019fc2ee247b84"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__uf65dd93812f246b395e8d92c7c9785a9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lfdfe3ad78c4b4bc48cc141b0dad8addc">An incorrect or unreachable database IP address or port was configured.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aedd9068e86804631849f2a0858b037ec"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lfdfe3ad78c4b4bc48cc141b0dad8addc"></a><a name="lfdfe3ad78c4b4bc48cc141b0dad8addc"></a>Check the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617125">Servername</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617126">Port</strong> configuration items in data sources.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l52546393d3c74046836e42dcae282dc6">Server monitoring is improper.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aa1b9bc19d81949d38ab693e84abb10ff"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l52546393d3c74046836e42dcae282dc6"></a><a name="l52546393d3c74046836e42dcae282dc6"></a>If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1122492246171315">Servername</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b787426547171315">Port</strong> are correctly configured, ensure the proper network adapter and port are monitored based on database server configurations in the procedure in this section.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l825bf71116a44ec18b64cf01ec9db390">Firewall and network gatekeeper settings are improper.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a8c93f010295e4ce392973621564bba7a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l825bf71116a44ec18b64cf01ec9db390"></a><a name="l825bf71116a44ec18b64cf01ec9db390"></a>Check firewall settings, ensuring that the database communication port is trusted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aac867e229f044ec59b73ad24d45b2db8">Check to ensure network gatekeeper settings are proper (if any).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lc38f7c923dd24939b09673c49887e747">[unixODBC]The password-stored method is not supported.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a398654689bf44067b5c8fc52906642ba"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__lc38f7c923dd24939b09673c49887e747"></a><a name="lc38f7c923dd24939b09673c49887e747"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aa679b7adc4c2498eaa5cccfef20fe5d6">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706171845">sslmode</strong> configuration item is not configured in the data sources.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a6d72aeca46014b489eec3155821e2d9c">Solution:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a09659ab16e464c849de3c1f73e75d827">Set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1451011451105">allow</strong> or a higher level. For more details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__t94b5d25de9a74a5f94c8a8a03af55265">Table 3</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l4bc2d69d76da4983aab051022c0a7ef0">Server common name "xxxx" does not match host name "xxxxx"<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a016ce2a0cb6046eea751ed24ee9fca87"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__l4bc2d69d76da4983aab051022c0a7ef0"></a><a name="l4bc2d69d76da4983aab051022c0a7ef0"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__af9c067bb6ce5408290e8ad07190ade2f">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b84235270617209">verify-full</strong> is used for SSL encryption, the driver checks whether the host name in certificates is the same as the actual one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p26205172315">Solution:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a28f93b3096cb46e0a77bd7d8858196b1">To solve this problem, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b128944551018">verify-ca</strong> to stop checking host names, or generate a set of CA certificates containing the actual host names.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ldfdb6fde12d6484dabf2092bce361da0">Driver's SQLAllocHandle on SQL_HANDLE_DBC failed<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__aa17598e5a5b243f19e02ddfd16427094"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ldfdb6fde12d6484dabf2092bce361da0"></a><a name="ldfdb6fde12d6484dabf2092bce361da0"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a5cff334e1f8c45ae8098a76414b8ab94">The executable file (such as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1086144125216">isql</strong> tool of unixODBC) and the database driver (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b133076454526">psqlodbcw.so</strong>) depend on different library versions of ODBC, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b133185220520">libodbc.so.1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1941945519527">libodbc.so.2</strong>. You can verify this problem by using the following method:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__s5d1441f58bf041e7b8deddd889ddbf6b">ldd `which isql` | grep odbc
+ldd psqlodbcw.so | grep odbc</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a48a8633b88cd4661b59108fa4b444d19">If the suffix digits of the outputs <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706114424">libodbc.so</strong> are different or indicate different physical disk files, this problem exists. Both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b062684214244">isql</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b1123714718244">psqlodbcw.so</strong> load <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b842352706144045">libodbc.so</strong>. If different physical files are loaded, different ODBC libraries with the same function list conflict with each other in a visible domain. As a result, the database driver cannot be loaded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p55517281534">Solution:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__a1fe8921743d94448b7ae2db3abb2d18f">Uninstall the unnecessary unixODBC, such as libodbc.so.2, and create a soft link with the same name and the .so.2 suffix for the remaining libodbc.so.1 library.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li289151510231">FATAL: Forbid remote connection with trust method!<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p11101745162419"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li289151510231"></a><a name="li289151510231"></a>For security purposes, the CN forbids access from other nodes in the cluster without authentication.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p572510297236">To access the CN from inside the cluster, deploy the ODBC program on the machine where the CN is located and use 127.0.0.1 as the server address. It is recommended that the service system be deployed outside the cluster. If it is deployed inside, the database performance may be affected.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li3541172410497">[unixODBC][Driver Manager]Invalid attribute value<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p195415245493"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li3541172410497"></a><a name="li3541172410497"></a>This problem occurs when you use SQL on other GaussDB. The possible cause is that the unixODBC version is not the recommended one. You are advised to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__b758001441516">odbcinst --version</strong> command to check the unixODBC version.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li15833327382">authentication method 10 not supported.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p145841632103816"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li15833327382"></a><a name="li15833327382"></a>If this error occurs on an open source client, the cause may be:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p10105114685419">The database stores only the SHA-256 hash of the password, but the open source client supports only MD5 hashes.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__note16467135295418"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__ul11574125164710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li65741051184712">The database stores the hashes of user passwords instead of actual passwords.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li35747517478">In versions earlier than V100R002C80SPC300, the database stores only SHA-256 hashes and no MD5 hashes. Therefore, MD5 cannot be used for user password authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li65752051134716">In V100R002C80SPC300 and later, if a password is updated or a user is created, both types of hashes will be stored, compatible with open-source authentication protocols.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li1357517513474">An MD5 hash can only be generated using the original password, but the password cannot be obtained by reversing its SHA-256 hash. If your database is upgraded from a version earlier than V100R002C80SPC300, passwords in the old version will only have SHA-256 hashes and not support MD5 authentication.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p1747716611525">To solve this problem, you can update the user password. For details, see "ALTER USER" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i1882271117718">SQL Syntax</em>. Alternatively, create a user (see "CREATE USER" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__i98226117715">SQL Syntax</em>), assign the same permissions to the user, and use the new user to connect to the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li5727551235">unsupported frontend protocol 3.51: server supports 1.0 to 3.0<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__p1217219362238"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494517__li5727551235"></a><a name="li5727551235"></a>The database version is too early or the database is an open-source database. Use the driver of the required version to connect to the database.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring a Data Source in the Windows OS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__en-us_topic_0059779273_p85094522012">Configure the ODBC data source using the ODBC data source manager preinstalled in the Windows OS.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__sa802ec504bf7461e975a02e2e6ecd7b0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__o5cf92eae501941178167a645722d261c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l5cfb06c960204324b13f5ae2c4ddbde9"><span>Replace the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__text6206623413">GaussDB(DWS)</span> client driver.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ad75714f6110d4b3bb4cf64b2992ba057">Decompress <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1177012261210">GaussDB-8.1.1-Windows-Odbc.tar.gz</strong> and install <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b13775102615114">psqlodbc.msi</strong> (for 32-bit OS) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b167752261018">psqlodbc_x64.msi</strong> (for 64-bit OS).</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l2378f1d16f3647ffb374c5e5616a688e"><span>Open Driver Manager.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a5431ff8aaabf41e3b001bd10e03aa3aa">Use the Driver Manager suitable for your OS to configure the data source. (Assume the Windows system drive is drive C.)</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__u9022c1d8e8f74bf9a02770dbc7f246aa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l8e7973077a404467909d61d4c33e144f">If you develop 32-bit programs in the 64-bit Windows OS, open the 32-bit Driver Manager at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706152254">C:\Windows\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe</strong> after you install the 32-bit driver.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__af2d8cb5005e1492babf0d1f3478e86de">Do not open Driver Manager by choosing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__en-us_topic_0058965178_b842352706113347">Control Panel</strong>, clicking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__en-us_topic_0058965178_b842352706113358">Administrative Tools</strong>, and clicking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__en-us_topic_0058965178_b84235270611348">Data Sources (ODBC)</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__nb81cfaa31e984bce8267b6e2c465304e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ad2359ca0482b40f6a7e6fc6cd7cfb35d">WoW64 is the acronym for "Windows 32-bit on Windows 64-bit". <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706143615">C:\Windows\SysWOW64\</strong> stores the 32-bit environment on a 64-bit system. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144122">C:\Windows\System32\</strong> stores the environment consistent with the current OS. For technical details, see Windows technical documents.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li18219258486">If you develop 64-bit programs in the 64-bit Windows OS, open the 64-bit Driver Manager at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1399241549">C:\Windows\System32\odbcad32.exe</strong> after you install the 64-bit driver.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p17482584816">Do not open <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270611313">Driver Manager</strong> by choosing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b76967031">Control Panel</strong>, clicking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1170263170">Administrative Tools</strong>, and clicking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b285717441">Data Sources (ODBC)</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ld03be269d8a940a092758b6528f9e8cf">In a 32-bit Windows OS, open <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270611338">C:\Windows\System32\odbcad32.exe</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a15ae1cd990d043ffb941c19e1be92b8c">In the Windows OS, click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144226">Computer</strong>, and choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144230">Control Panel</strong>. Click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144234">Administrative Tools</strong> and click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144239">Data Sources (ODBC)</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__lcdec44fce3004aa59f97b442d50b0928"><span>Configure the data source.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a8f6ccd2377aa45b7bcc17221dc4ad91b">On the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144339">User DSN</strong> tab, click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144345">Add</strong>, and choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706144359">PostgreSQL Unicode</strong> for setup. (An identifier will be displayed for the 64-bit OS.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a7b8b23892fa746d0bd5bb60cc10b824f"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p34755258113354"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__image54272210113349" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495227.jpg"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p64284715113452"></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__note41362334443"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p01361233164414">The entered username and password will be recorded in the Windows registry and you do not need to enter them again when connecting to the database next time. For security purposes, you are advised to delete sensitive information before clicking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b187591623145514">Save</strong> and enter the required username and password again when using ODBC APIs to connect to the database.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l4dd168526eef4e9f84490fa978474370"><span>Enable the SSL mode.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a0fe3752d37aa4e8e92c9f0826dc38bd6">To use SSL certificates for connection, decompress the certificate package contained in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__text702540260">GaussDB(DWS)</span> installation package, and double-click the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706194628">sslcert_env.bat</strong> file to deploy certificates in the default location.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__n36ea0e56ccc44780acca3fba5fb60d02"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a55ca8013481e483f9612c0155751cca8">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b485554617118">sslcert_env.bat</strong> file ensures the purity of the certificate environment. When the <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__filepath386074617116"><b>%APPDATA%\postgresql</b></span> directory exists, a message will be prompted asking you whether you want to remove related directories. If you want to remove related directories, back up files in the directory.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a4d3c76bcd35d483e826ec52aae93c854">Alternatively, you can copy the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b92623112232">client.crt</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b152711119234">client.key</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b527115122317">client.key.cipher</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1827214117237">client.key.rand</strong> files in the certificate file folder to the manually created <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__filepath327310142315"><b>%APPDATA%\postgresql</b></span> directory. Change <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b5273151122313">client</strong> in the file names to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b72741182320">postgres</strong>, for example, change <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b13274121102314">client.key</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b12764114237">postgres.key</strong>. Copy the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b427710172317">cacert.pem</strong> file to the <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__filepath152778142313"><b>%APPDATA%\postgresql</b></span> directory and change its name to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b827813112313">root.crt</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a20c554c23b5b48b6936f02de5f56b9f8">Change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706202147">SSL Mode</strong> in step 2 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706202156">verify-ca</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__tbff3516afc1b4dd59cf87017f2af1d56"></a><a name="tbff3516afc1b4dd59cf87017f2af1d56"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__tbff3516afc1b4dd59cf87017f2af1d56" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>sslmode options</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__r467e701476a24c6f9196bb7fa7b9f3c7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a66b3bc6e9f7647f68a29ba7f33250e8e">sslmode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ab74ea4ae63ca487aa7120192238e43df">Whether SSL Encryption Is Enabled</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a638fcaffe80647faa40b71979c167a78">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__r4f8c4d32bc6a4a1facd85e19bb359db3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a0622dc1940ec4f918948786b42b93bc2">disable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ae8c3f1b9186146c5886718e27600bdd1">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__acc6c1739d8544afb94b149c4d5f3bb35">The SSL secure connection is not used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__rfea1eff85b7c4980ba891b5814f5b323"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a94d48f6129364cbeaf3e219d399fef4e">allow</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__aa85c33175d824b67a0d214bb14e05ea5">Probably</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a9b92bbd1c8d74c2bbb0f6284db365532">The SSL secure encrypted connection is used if required by the database server, but does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__rcd5124ce02a7438ca7c104115a08f53a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a9cc9c9ea7d3e46c4a061165a977d3100">prefer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a2fa0b39ef952458f8724527f20d814d9">Probably</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__aeb50f8bfcd7948499d7f468ad4dfc6ef">The SSL secure encrypted connection is used as a preferred mode if supported by the database, but does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__r93a1dd5857954346b1845362494c0e09"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a4f8ce698085e473ea33fc946d0e1f9da">require</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a859ea97985874f679f551ea05525c945">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__acfefba8dba4443b6967bd977437e3f56">The SSL secure connection must be used, but it only encrypts data and does not check the authenticity of the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__r0a1e6b8c220f4fa18dbf7fd1af998c56"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__abdf41bcac4a3483b8260fe244bae440a">verify-ca</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a817f11ef93ec42888158b98f8a5eb2a2">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a61760fcc2c144d2fbc768c7bacba5acb">The SSL secure connection must be used, and it checks whether the database has certificates issued by a trusted CA.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__r032adefecf0b4f67ad0c7e25587f1f36"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a8649c02de7f34708bd80e3018a989c04">verify-full</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a2526b46093dc4db1b1675ba6d77b822b">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.25999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.2.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a53e35adab9704397831426c0d68a8166">The SSL secure connection must be used. In addition to the check scope specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b190949413">verify-ca</strong>, it checks whether the name of the host where the database resides is the same as that on the certificate.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__note89834307325"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p698414302322">This mode cannot be used.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li1241323562214"><span>Add the IP address segment of the host where the client is located to the security group rules of GaussDB(DWS) to ensure that the host can communicate with GaussDB(DWS).</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__sb8ca15bfccdc4b83981f2c04a25a6a95"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Testing Data Source Configuration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a6ae13d21fc0b42c8bc6da4e5c98e6bbd">Click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270621020">Test</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__u32d38d74ab6c449c9c798d6e198afdbe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l0510c085cf2a472ca259cd828c5cb4b1">If the following information is displayed, the configuration is correct and the connection succeeds.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__af71d087c05154ef29b456392f24495da"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l0510c085cf2a472ca259cd828c5cb4b1"></a><a name="l0510c085cf2a472ca259cd828c5cb4b1"></a><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__en-us_topic_0059779273_icdf17aa60fca4a908fc8e92c67dd3b46" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655398.jpg"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ld9a44133785743918735a189089f77d6">If error information is displayed, the configuration is incorrect. Check the configuration.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__s537ab4cf91b144bfb1db18f5f2887dda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Troubleshooting</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__u7776fddf02864515bc3b6cb46fc658da"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l309a7bb269f2407eaeaf73ea16e34680">Server common name "xxxx" does not match host name "xxxxx"<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a781a060b1c0c460c99d8630dd5605c69"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l309a7bb269f2407eaeaf73ea16e34680"></a><a name="l309a7bb269f2407eaeaf73ea16e34680"></a>This problem occurs because when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b599215141631">verify-full</strong> is used for SSL encryption, the driver checks whether the host name in certificates is the same as the actual one. To solve this problem, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270619533">verify-ca</strong> to stop checking host names, or generate a set of CA certificates containing the actual host names.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l207845817409472096a8c04d2fca889c">connect to server failed: no such file or directory<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ae5c584bc53d444e0b37ce3873fcfb843"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l207845817409472096a8c04d2fca889c"></a><a name="l207845817409472096a8c04d2fca889c"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__u5d37a7021e7c440e93ca64799bfacccc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ld8f04c5894d644fb8456807bc4000d9a">An incorrect or unreachable database IP address or port was configured.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a9cc2636fc97140c19bccff17f919c3ed"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ld8f04c5894d644fb8456807bc4000d9a"></a><a name="ld8f04c5894d644fb8456807bc4000d9a"></a>Check the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270617125">Servername</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b84235270617126">Port</strong> configuration items in data sources.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l342e077459fb4a0c8620c88cb828729a">Server monitoring is improper.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a1181b137caeb4cb5be4bff4e5fe1f2a7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l342e077459fb4a0c8620c88cb828729a"></a><a name="l342e077459fb4a0c8620c88cb828729a"></a>If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1122492246171315">Servername</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b787426547171315">Port</strong> are correctly configured, ensure the proper network adapter and port are monitored based on database server configurations in the procedure in this section.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l088bd25572a5400fa69492e7505adffd">Firewall and network gatekeeper settings are improper.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__aefc58f1f50394df5b76ea29be1a21930"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l088bd25572a5400fa69492e7505adffd"></a><a name="l088bd25572a5400fa69492e7505adffd"></a>Check firewall settings, ensuring that the database communication port is trusted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ac6509f367175443b9b4d7990134b84fa">Check to ensure network gatekeeper settings are proper (if any).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l2d4a4eacdf1641719da8812576fabfb1">In the specified DSN, the system structures of the drive do not match those of the application.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__aa94f0ff8255640848237f641dea93ca0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l2d4a4eacdf1641719da8812576fabfb1"></a><a name="l2d4a4eacdf1641719da8812576fabfb1"></a>Possible cause: The bit versions of the drive and program are different.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a785a698d6dfb4e93bb37b2715e421c39"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b842352706195339">C:\Windows\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe</strong> is a 32-bit ODBC Drive Manager.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a0775c2863f334ca295429963dace6086"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b594204003">C:\Windows\System32\odbcad32.exe</strong> is a 64-bit ODBC Drive Manager.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l2d0b8cb6103e40449973f6608f2a6bc6">The password-stored method is not supported.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a33b551dbbb064424a3389c34979d071b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__l2d0b8cb6103e40449973f6608f2a6bc6"></a><a name="l2d0b8cb6103e40449973f6608f2a6bc6"></a>Possible causes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__a4c6370ba455c472ea1d9b48e8166fb64"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b2026418191313">sslmode</strong> is not configured for the data source. Set this configuration item to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b1826911191036">allow</strong> or a higher level to enable SSL connections. For details about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__b826910198317">sslmode</strong>, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__tbff3516afc1b4dd59cf87017f2af1d56">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li15833327382">authentication method 10 not supported.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p145841632103816"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li15833327382"></a><a name="li15833327382"></a>If this error occurs on an open source client, the cause may be:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p10105114685419">The database stores only the SHA-256 hash of the password, but the open source client supports only MD5 hashes.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__note16467135295418"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__ul11574125164710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li65741051184712">The database stores the hashes of user passwords instead of actual passwords.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li35747517478">In versions earlier than V100R002C80SPC300, the database stores only SHA-256 hashes and no MD5 hashes. Therefore, MD5 cannot be used for user password authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li65752051134716">In V100R002C80SPC300 and later, if a password is updated or a user is created, both types of hashes will be stored, compatible with open-source authentication protocols.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li1357517513474">An MD5 hash can only be generated using the original password, but the password cannot be obtained by reversing its SHA-256 hash. If your database is upgraded from a version earlier than V100R002C80SPC300, passwords in the old version will only have SHA-256 hashes and not support MD5 authentication.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p1747716611525">To solve this problem, you can update the user password. For details, see "ALTER USER" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__i9170741194513">SQL Syntax</em>. Alternatively, create a user (see "CREATE USER" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__i1817014117458">SQL Syntax</em>), assign the same permissions to the user, and use the new user to connect to the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li5727551235">unsupported frontend protocol 3.51: server supports 1.0 to 3.0<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__p1217219362238"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814685__li5727551235"></a><a name="li5727551235"></a>The database version is too early or the database is an open-source database. Use the driver of the required version to connect to the database.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ODBC Development Example</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726__s4ab19e6f0e0d41b39b0e68c0896b1c4c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Code for Common Functions</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726__s4135e8b296f5453e8907f6d34738eb4f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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+<span class="normal">85</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// The following example shows how to obtain data from GaussDB(DWS) through the ODBC interface.</span>
+<span class="c1">// DBtest.c (compile with: libodbc.so)   </span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span><span class="c1"> </span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="c1"> </span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;sqlext.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#ifdef WIN32</span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;windows.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#endif </span>
+<span class="n">SQLHENV</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">// Handle ODBC environment </span>
+<span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// Handle statement </span>
+<span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">// Handle connection     </span>
+<span class="kt">char</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_buffer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_err</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">V_StrLen_or_IndPtr</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 1. Apply for an environment handle.       </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HANDLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Error AllocHandle</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 2. Set environment attributes (version information)         </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLSetEnvAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">SQL_OV_ODBC3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 3. Apply for a connection handle.        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">                     </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 4. Set connection attributes.</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLSetConnectAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">// 5. Connect to the data source. userName and password indicate the username and password for connecting to the database. Set them as needed.</span>
+<span class="c1">// If the username and password have been set in the odbc.ini file, you do not need to set userName or password here, retaining &quot;&quot; for them. However, you are not advised to do so because the username and password will be disclosed if the permission for odbc.ini is abused.</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLConnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Error SQLConnect %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Connected !</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 6. Set statement attributes</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_QUERY_TIMEOUT</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 7. Apply for a statement handle</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 8. Executes an SQL statement directly</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLExecDirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;drop table IF EXISTS customer_t1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLExecDirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE customer_t1(c_customer_sk INTEGER, c_customer_name VARCHAR(32));&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLExecDirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;insert into customer_t1 values(25,'li')&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 9. Prepare for execution</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLPrepare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;insert into customer_t1 values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 10. Bind parameters</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLBindParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_INPUT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_C_SLONG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 11. Execute the ready statement</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLExecute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLExecDirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;select id from testtable&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 12. Obtain the attributes of a certain column in the result set</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLColAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_DESC_TYPE_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SQLColAtrribute %s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 13. Bind the result set</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLBindCol</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_C_SLONG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_OD_buffer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_StrLen_or_IndPtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 14. Collect data using SQLFetch</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SQLFetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 15. Obtain and return data using SQLGetData</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NO_DATA</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">SQLGetData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQL_C_SLONG</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">V_OD_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SQLGetData ----ID = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">V_OD_erg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SQLFetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Done !</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">// 16. Disconnect from the data source and release handles</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLDisconnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">V_OD_hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_OD_Env</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726__section6611714101314"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Code for Batch Processing</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654726__screen1654542412144"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">  1</span>
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+<span class="normal">240</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/**********************************************************************</span>
+<span class="cm">* Set UseBatchProtocol to 1 in the data source and set the database parameter support_batch_bind</span>
+<span class="cm">* to on.</span>
+<span class="cm">* The CHECK_ERROR command is used to check and print error information.</span>
+<span class="cm">* This example is used to interactively obtain the DSN, data volume to be processed, and volume of ignored data from users, and insert required data into the test_odbc_batch_insert table.</span>
+<span class="cm">***********************************************************************/</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;sql.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;sqlext.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;string.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+
+<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;util.c&quot;</span><span class="cp"></span>
+
+<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="c1">// Return status</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HSTMT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Statement handle</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2048</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Allocate Statement Handle</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Prepare Statement</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLPrepare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLPrepare log: %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLExecute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLExecute stmt log: %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLFreeHandle stmt log: %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLHENV</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HENV</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HDBC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dsn</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sc">'\0'</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2048</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Interactively obtain data source names.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">getStr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Please input your DSN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">dsn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dsn</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'N'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// Interactively obtain the amount of data to be batch processed.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">getInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;batchCount&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'N'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// Interactively obtain the amount of batch processing data that is not inserted into the database.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">getInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ignoreCount&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'N'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ignoreCount(%d) should be less than batchCount(%d)</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HANDLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Set ODBC Verion</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetEnvAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                        </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">SQL_OV_ODBC3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetEnvAttr(SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Allocate Connection</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Set Login Timeout</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetConnectAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Set Auto Commit</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetConnectAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                        </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetConnectAttr(SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Connect to DSN</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLConnect(DSN:%s)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dsn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLConnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dsn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                               </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// init table info.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;drop table if exists test_odbc_batch_insert&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;create table test_odbc_batch_insert(id int primary key, col varchar2(50))&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// The following code constructs the data to be inserted based on the data volume entered by users:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HSTMT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLULEN</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Data is constructed by column. Each column is stored continuously.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// Data size in each row for a column</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// Whether this row needs to be processed. The value is SQL_PARAM_IGNORE or SQL_PARAM_PROCEED.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">// Processing result of the row</span>
+<span class="c1">// Note: In the database, a statement belongs to one transaction. Therefore, data is processed as a unit. That is, either all data is inserted successfully or all data fails to be inserted.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;FAILED:</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">malloc data memory failed</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">goto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;column test value %d&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_IGNORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_PROCEED</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">// Allocate Statement Handle</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">// Prepare Statement</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="s">&quot;insert into test_odbc_batch_insert values(?, ?)&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLPrepare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NTS</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLPrepare log: %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_PARAMSET_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetStmtAttr&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLBindParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_INPUT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_C_SLONG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ids</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bufLenIds</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLBindParameter for id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLBindParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_INPUT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_C_CHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_CHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bufLenCols</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLBindParameter for cols&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAMS_PROCESSED_PTR&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_STATUS_PTR&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLSetStmtAttr for SQL_ATTR_PARAM_OPERATION_PTR&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLExecute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLExecute stmt log: %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLRowCount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLRowCount execution&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) != rowsCount(%d)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_ERROR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;(batchCount - ignoreCount)(%d) == rowsCount(%d)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;process(%d) != rowsCount(%d)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_ERROR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;process(%d) == rowsCount(%d)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rowsCount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">batchCount</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignoreCount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_UNUSED</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_UNUSED&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_ERROR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;statusptr[%d](%d) != SQL_PARAM_SUCCESS&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">statusptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_ERROR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;SQLFreeHandle hstmtinesrt&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">CHECK_ERROR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retcode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loginfo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hstmtinesrt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+
+<span class="nl">exit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">Complete.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Connection</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HDBC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLDisconnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdbc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// Environment</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_NULL_HENV</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">henv</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0124.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0124.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9964f17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0124.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654874"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654874"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ODBC Interfaces </h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654874__a583f142572514258b0e247c47c9b3c55">The ODBC interface is a set of API functions provided to users. This chapter describes its common interfaces. For details on other interfaces, see "ODBC Programmer's Reference" at MSDN (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms714177(v=vs.85).aspx).</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0125.html">SQLAllocEnv</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0126.html">SQLAllocConnect</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0127.html">SQLAllocHandle</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0128.html">SQLAllocStmt</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0129.html">SQLBindCol</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0130.html">SQLBindParameter</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0131.html">SQLColAttribute</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0132.html">SQLConnect</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0133.html">SQLDisconnect</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0134.html">SQLExecDirect</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0135.html">SQLExecute</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0136.html">SQLFetch</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0137.html">SQLFreeStmt</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0138.html">SQLFreeConnect</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0139.html">SQLFreeHandle</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0140.html">SQLFreeEnv</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0141.html">SQLPrepare</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0142.html">SQLGetData</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0144.html">SQLSetConnectAttr</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0145.html">SQLSetEnvAttr</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0146.html">SQLSetStmtAttr</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0117.html">ODBC-Based Development</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0125.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0125.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fd4ec5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0125.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655198"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655198"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLAllocEnv</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655198__a091b01a1b4a443acb3261c194e0b3638">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655198__b102014316404">SQLAllocEnv</strong> (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655198__b334143175711">SQLAllocHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0127.html">SQLAllocHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0126.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0126.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0cc19782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0126.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134854"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134854"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLAllocConnect</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134854__af432081fdb3e4350bbec84833f464056">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134854__b16317901155911">SQLAllocConnect</strong> (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134854__b22628260155916">SQLAllocHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0127.html">SQLAllocHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0127.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0127.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..980db577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0127.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLAllocHandle</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__s16209aecb17648f99baea97873ffc9cd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a82b10c0a79c243a3aa9a7a98e9839ce4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171321">SQLAllocHandle</strong> allocates environment, connection, or statement handles. This function is a generic function for allocating handles that replaces the deprecated ODBC 2.x functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171351">SQLAllocEnv</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171356">SQLAllocConnect</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b84235270617140">SQLAllocStmt</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__sa2d530f08ccd4985ae75aea0750a4259"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__s4735cfadfbdf40539f4b549fd9fb38f5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLAllocHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">HandleType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLHANDLE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">InputHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLHANDLE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">OutputHandlePtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__s440f995b44244a1b9d4e0aa3cbb84f11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__t2dc2c0a9b8914fb8ac019bad54f24376" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLAllocHandle parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__r7b1b8d12cbd849a7accbf3de7bf0feb2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ad94671b3bb3f43f98519bdb7a484ccd0">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__aa6edebe16730412bab431ab101a46ea4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ra2e494e6b7d64557bb6008d3255e4172"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ac4d9cd646f8540a7963998b09ac1426d">HandleType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ae4763f319607424698d46ae136e7af0c">The type of handle to be allocated by SQLAllocHandle. The value must be one of the following:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__u47b3d4d67dda45acad5a3aab347a160a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l629d1b186bcf4e36a8bf9f9fae9b6a5f">SQL_HANDLE_ENV (environment handle)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l9e0af902c345403ba2784f2d9e29845f">SQL_HANDLE_DBC (connection handle)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l86fb9cb7c0d343ff94acd364e7ee50b1">SQL_HANDLE_STMT (statement handle)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__lbd4a730665204f72a3930d14bef7921d">SQL_HANDLE_DESC (description handle)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__afe5bd4b6e7154a26bcbb35569c71b606">The handle application sequence is: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171638">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</strong> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171641">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</strong> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171647">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong>. The handle applied later depends on the handle applied prior to it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__r4377cd4fb9674653b3f1b916ed4354ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ad907d1c935b04dcd8d631bf7da8214bc">InputHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a0abeef19a6bf4e2c948f278815431a8e">Existing handle to use as a context for the new handle being allocated.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__u72d8bf99a61b4846bfde6612bbbeb02b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l79938393aef544bbaaa316491d199727">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171827">HandleType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171831">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</strong>, this is SQL_NULL_HANDLE.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__lefc51fe80d5b4974a3e26af40102592a">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171819">HandleType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171821">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</strong>, this must be an environment handle.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l0504d38ce4744828aae8e1aa64429757">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171833">HandleType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171835">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171839">SQL_HANDLE_DESC</strong>, it must be a connection handle.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__rdf5bbcaf1e4f4ed399e41a348e2e5b84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__adb1a9f94d1624c098790d05bd96bb338">OutputHandlePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ab2c5e216ca5949f9b994911d802666ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706171914">Output parameter</strong>: Pointer to a buffer in which to return the handle to the newly allocated data structure.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__s49026e8d635c4e9c9c2ce8505e65225f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__u7dcad80fdbe94ca591a284d5133cbd99"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ld0483fbab34e44f89435f1f7a02dd6d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l3f132d9a472449f2b52eb88fd2fdc3e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l9506ed79c1334d5d8d310a6022d429bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__l6458ee920fe141f88e007d723dfca8cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__s2ad7a788a18c4554a43f3eb0fcbb1941"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ab9799f81262e40c78613ce414a78bd20">When allocating a non-environment handle, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__abf982bb7372848bbaeaa66589487031d">SQLAllocHandle</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a38c8bbdd92bd46c387811e1aaf101f81">SQL_ERROR</strong>, it sets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a7ea3d31a129e4484b09b861e30f7bd61">OutputHandlePtr</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a1997ed4828354d8294f6b8bb250acfb7">SQL_NULL_HENV</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a29c284e19c154594b60334bd1cf18e19">SQL_NULL_HDBC</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ab45d5aa81596455ba545ca21bf050672">SQL_NULL_HSTMT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__aefc216e8e78b446ab6289fb41db21154">SQL_NULL_HDESC</strong>. The application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__adf51077bc3ea4748baff5d90ccac407a">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__afb8338d65f1f430db6c8d6a3418e484f">Handle</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__ac75c63fdc1f84963a046d16bee7224c2">IntputHandle</strong>, to obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a703f1328c77547668290bac182e0fffc">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a1ddce674009c474683a1646d29e28076">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__sbdf14ce695cd4b3787c0786388c288f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655180__a188f42d019d54f4f9614bd0e8332379c">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0128.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0128.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fed2319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0128.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814767"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814767"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLAllocStmt</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814767__afea11c527e4a4373865fec759b4cfb17">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814767__b842352706172516">SQLAllocStmt</strong> was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814767__b842352706172521">SQLAllocHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0127.html">SQLAllocHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0129.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0129.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22f3b19c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0129.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLBindCol</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__s02128a95eb16411dbe905625973c4ac4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a80d7406ad18746fb9e1ccc5b1aa050b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706172959">SQLBindCol</strong> is used to associate (bind) columns in a result set to an application data buffer.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__sfa8a49be36de494da938010d89341509"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__s0c768e846b9c4346a94f7bf345279732"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLBindCol</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ColumnNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TargetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">TargetValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">BufferLength</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StrLen_or_IndPtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__sba2cdc9b40da45c2bdc371b20acddc3f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__t1eb8292ec9014487924c174878ebceff" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLBindCol parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__r39008f5c1fa54c88b7b13c270e983e92"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__aaaa1ef6dd4194af6ac342aefa139a117">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a459a6d40afb64d6b8bab9072c84327bf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__r8a4dcc56d6504f4bb299530589a267b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a0cef2e0b89604404a2ac1899afec29de">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__aafffe2d6b84a4f4686c336fd361b3fcb">Statement handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__r16d17b4252e448d49a27ea6ee629afc2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__ad84d22342a0e460ab3dad9a6f9aab351">ColumnNumber</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__aaa1c2df0db764dfcbf75f9d35beef7c7">Number of the column to be bound. The column number starts with 0 and increases in ascending order. Column 0 is the bookmark column. If no bookmark column is set, column numbers start at 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__rd829a30d35b44e6896b2f180cb625322"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a70e169cb418e4428b582d7178cf0b3c0">TargetType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a3d4f2587f7fb43878ef8155ba3beba97">The C data type in the buffer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__r57b968fe6e69405ea6bfbbb9efa55741"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__ad239ecf121d64b81a99e7d673bd50327">TargetValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a9b912db16e7243dc8787f8d70bd2f5dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173247">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the buffer bound with the column. The SQLFetch function returns data in the buffer. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b84235270617330">TargetValuePtr</strong> is null, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b84235270617333">StrLen_or_IndPtr</strong> is a valid value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__r727447b7eb884d1d80c020362e036f3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__af124a6fd3d14425a8f27a40cdcc3809d">BufferLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a9c7fe5292e7640ccb14da3cea0263816">Size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173311">TargetValuePtr</strong> buffer in bytes available to store the column data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__re05119e303c140228b8b766bee537ae6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a3f96a73aaedb448ba728b85778b734e0">StrLen_or_IndPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__aa9a69abb7f3c45a389fd39b7d55928f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173325">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the length or indicator of the buffer. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173345">StrLen_or_IndPtr</strong> is null, no length or indicator is used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__s423c506003904bbea41400221c0222ae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__u5a05e00ea3fc4bd39e887b576177b18c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__en-us_topic_0059779335_li99448223177">SQL_SUCCESS indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__le867f3654c4640bb9a2defd95047ab50">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__l5ead10596ca94b1fa55a208ba6f20c33">SQL_ERROR indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__la27666e5be964b409584377ddda5c592">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__sc86a160c283748b7983ccb6d7ea65179"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__a7f46580c74c84325bba97410e955a482">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173815">SQLBindCol</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173817">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173818">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173833">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173850">Handle</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173852">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173855">StatementHandle</strong>, respectively, to obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b842352706173858">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__b84235270617390">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__s3d87ce634f9c4ddf9d055c500129367e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814823__ad3febb8a574a4ee2b7b7daaed95d50da">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0130.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0130.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..552988ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0130.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLBindParameter</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s299d89cba63f4d26a8d73930ee0af19e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a82c90a433e1a4cacbec734ef0e367ad1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706102448">SQLBindParameter</strong> is used to associate (bind) parameter markers in an SQL statement to a buffer.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s096600c0f5414a6c9ebfa6ee68d4a0e1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__sfeafc76d46c040f8a0dbe2950f2e7105"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLBindParameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ParameterNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">InputOutputType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ValuetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ParameterType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLULEN</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ColumnSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DecimalDigits</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">ParameterValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">BufferLength</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StrLen_or_IndPtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s31ca4b6d68124eb487106ae429adb05b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__tbea9b3872c854b9785a51365ae844c4c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLBindParameter</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__re94e3ffacda64bbcae0774270f5ab597"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__aaa10d0cc13fc4eb8ab2c79e8af8c3bee">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a5f34aaf5ca214c33b820d47fe1bb8e6d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__rc67b156c917d4475bc6a11f048107a71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a48523cc4e9be46cab193890d448b87fd">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a60dbee6f809f440aabd3840b3cb3ac1c">Statement handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r7044a39a351740138f44463355d06c5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__acbafd18ef9bc4c0686227fc7ce0c1670">ParameterNumber</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ac9dbeabdf03845d28d3046aec47a457f">Parameter marker number, starting at 1 and increasing in an ascending order.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r135cafb3fca941e39d306f7f183ebae1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__acaebc4a9d7dc4c3493cc748ce73da5a6">InputOutputType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a19d47f9dce1a42ecbffc540b63040c24">Input/output type of the parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r856889b359a14492bc57dfbeca8dec33"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a9129b0e91d4b448d863befa9f19a9334">ValueType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a5d82f53cc6c34c04bd156f620d4a03c0">C data type of the parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r5fbf3cc7e3734fbea82165b0a167aec6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a567ce11cc21846e7b60ada7dcb539c6b">ParameterType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ad59a03e0476340e7bbdf6f2f298922b4">SQL data type of the parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r2cbeed8b4eba4becb0e60ae7e3b4dadc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ac5a7f32ef7694b4b8860a6f879b63643">ColumnSize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__abd9b0a4d10d941a0add18501acf55818">Size of the column or expression of the corresponding parameter marker.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r2ddaa40e5c87405d8a9e24635c4f57c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a7c41b074a816478aad01ff36e39aa92b">DecimalDigits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__adc39e56c0f754839b8112a3b114e051a">Digital number of the column or the expression of the corresponding parameter marker.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r5ee68f7ad9c449d8a2abb0e1d2a4e24e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ae9778b5c9a364166a01e2fe055342be2">ParameterValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a62de358c0c3843b7942ccb6293b0a78a">Pointer to the storage parameter buffer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r9074dca473274499823532d24cc45602"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a85f8f268bcd64b3a9473628243e0c4d4">BufferLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a4c6c51ac14b8459db76f7ed62e9612da">Size of the ParameterValuePtr buffer in bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__r9061872f86564af1ac0c74bb977cfb3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__acb550f272b00423ab44fc3ce3293d2a8">StrLen_or_IndPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__a16843aeda8d54796a09c7f224af9db5e">Pointer to the length or indicator of the buffer. If StrLen_or_IndPtr is null, no length or indicator is used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s4c8a7003dd604561818b6a008be7bbe3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ua3ac63c2dd544ede80535fa047e9ed44"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__en-us_topic_0059778788_li44335342173"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__led7e34c863e049a5ab973bd88d590030"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__l3e791ddb54f24e54aaef31849af28d37"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__leb78c9d3b3b64b26a4f3eaf71e621748"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s261cc10af0ab48408aeed23331b20915"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ab5fb6b08110545cab529fd3e2ff75634">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173815">SQLBindCol</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173817">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173818">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173833">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173850">Handle</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173852">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173855">StatementHandle</strong>, respectively, to obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b842352706173858">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__b84235270617390">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__s370b28f914d7439d981eed9259649443"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654918__ad8572c305ddf4338aa6d6f503900664f">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0131.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0131.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70f504de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0131.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLColAttribute</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__se896b2e6c9d94868acc3c7071a301553"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a2b2f185f7e08443bb711265678502c3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706102711">SQLColAttribute</strong> returns the descriptor information about a column in the result set.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__sdeb274a616674ee6801810c3c9b38ddb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__s6d087579358c4846a03ff876f0bfd9b9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLColAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ColumnNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FieldIdentifier</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">CharacterAtrriburePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">BufferLength</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StringLengthPtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">NumericAttributePtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__sf83a85e024a94eda86a82eb493436756"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__t48343475ebe74534a39f5b12e7c5251d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLColAttribute parameter</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r5a8d7507cd1d4868863a803d01ec3425"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a8baaf4ed48d94f61a35e0e338faef4c4">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a3f7e3a106348463a9e3d081b64cb929c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r9332310f823f4ced9c04591d9f21ff0d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a193c5d5d406f466d81e5b94f7d985529">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a166a13dc953943e8bac2abf571d35b40">Statement handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r9e18415d17624c5d8e32ae96676444b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a8e21ac67449946658937fb3195e03f25">ColumnNumber</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a1a5bba099943437fa3b7a720151d88f0">Column number of the field to be queried, starting at 1 and increasing in an ascending order.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__re0ea22378e844c74842913998679913b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a0bef28b07ad04092b2d8b853a5d1b2c0">FieldIdentifier</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a6b1af89161434480b93e6e54ff20562b">Field identifier of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706103046">ColumnNumber</strong> in IRD.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r1d4efddd25f94b26b7612e2113cbfe10"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__ad4d3a4ad0c444e2187c881815f0c1204">CharacterAttributePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a6475fbb73f3646ef83f16253131f7814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706103056">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the buffer that returns FieldIdentifier field value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r8610068c4ab94bb7a3b23d6a4323a9e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a8c081e43b9e74e989e8d9ee328e408fa">BufferLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__u65b579e1fe634d65bdfbe857b08eca1a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__lafb755d53af348d0ae41b5f3afcafebb"><strong>FieldIdentifier</strong> indicates the length of the buffer if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b15610515161052">FieldIdentifier</strong> is an ODBC-defined field and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b35621975161046">CharacterAttributePtr</strong> points to a character string or a binary buffer.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__l3f4d4209d5dd48499b28b44a063806fd">Ignore this parameter if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706103135">FieldIdentifier</strong> is an ODBC-defined field and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706103140">CharacterAttributePtr</strong> points to an integer.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__rb72baaefaeb54b96b8e0957b1807cca2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__aa4858654fd4545f4898320b96c7129ee">StringLengthPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__acd7d4d42097c4bec844fbbbb8f455c32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b21610429182">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to a buffer in which the total number of valid bytes (for string data) is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b11289021161124">*CharacterAttributePtr</strong>. Ignore the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b2198056161134">BufferLength</strong> if the data is not a string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__r98bb43c79cbe42fb9b3587b45da1917f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__acfe27370dfce48838e1f061410653e83">NumericAttributePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__ad4144d5ca84c4a16bfb768702840180a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b328311539182">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to an integer buffer in which the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b38242333161144">FieldIdentifier</strong> field in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b62683053161159">ColumnNumber</strong> row of the IRD is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__s38d87166ba05456f9ca82e5dc678aaea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__uef523da032be415385d851be25f401ca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__l27399623db8a4a60ac0865484fb8fd34"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__lc44c07913cd64ca8a12429e4b1341df5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__ladc6bb314b9041eaa01fb25708f1171b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__l3686ebed723d46ffa653c39de3dbfdd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__sb16fa7075402443aa3f40e1a314b95ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a981935ca650c4bb29dda4eda6dd79405">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b355637416127">SQLColAttribute</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b31683787161212">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b12837117161219">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b60706181161228">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b36130306161234">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b14022084161240">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b4894318161249">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b1846530161256">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__b861544416135">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__s1ef03ccfd7a241a782daac796b82c927"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894749__a2387e933fba543848a80cd60fec1cedc">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0132.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0132.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40dc44db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0132.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLConnect</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__se9be1d608bde4d27a7d9c64c60bcb6f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a6a284ede34d64bb996429516d46e5b58"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706103453">SQLConnect</strong> establishes a connection between a driver and a data source. After the connection, the connection handle can be used to access all information about the data source, including its application operating status, transaction processing status, and error information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__s20f35442b8f44378a7fa2e7220fc0513"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__s204d833a197846048f0c26a29849bef2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">SQLConnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ConnectionHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ServerName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NameLength1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">UserName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NameLength2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Authentication</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NameLength3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__s3a97d1ad770a4a70b36964cda5365220"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__t2de7c9bf3fef43a195807fc5dda5b2bb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLConnect parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__r904210003ae94e13a8b583e891863802"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ae9ed160b7664498ab9cfd8ce72ade4b0">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__af40c221cf3804d1ea432591d21d87161">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__r475dbdfb542f457f8f8c938fb8c74a7e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ab18cdfef73e74a938f4df2f3a2b5a533">ConnectionHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a426111d758a84cad9622112004199a4b">Connection handle, obtained from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706105959">SQLAllocHandle</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__rcfce613456a941bd9be9b369a57e80c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ac7071f274b5a4f7191705449911e5092">ServerName</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a93511f4627f04f67a852e73e6e3c1755">Name of the data source to connect to.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ra0caf659d98549578f6eb5e392fe9d40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__aa5869f9f566f47d3ab007ae3f8a4a130">NameLength1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a2e5d5c6a195241c4b823ecb50e0025d6">Length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b84235270611217">ServerName</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__r2b87e38acc4d48bc9608588765892aa5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ae3e17e3947134761ac58d4791f8086f0">UserName</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__af15eedbe1e374b06bf63cfbb103c621a">User name of the database in the data source.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__rda7134b465a64e0e812ea4fed0f73cb8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__aa0a3756bfadf4763af17d6189ec15e42">NameLength2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__affeebc5815b4475d9389ba53205ff14f">Length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b84235270611227">UserName</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__r6df342a687a941a68c20b6eb4654e2bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ad148cd63289b4c8f9d324f6c41406094">Authentication</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__aed21314a5e7141f289ae354d482427b2">User password of the database in the data source.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__re982c1a01c3045f39c289261e03b02a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__aea6d22280cb14e568d3fe7b48204f863">NameLength3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a169e44274cdf4f0b9c0636e035cda7af">Length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b84235270611233">Authentication</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__s1545ba70250247afac010f16aad69e26"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__u421b4d25b2fd434691089f0ad276c39a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__l06842e280f0d448c81171500258eaf87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__l93a62674d8524e7ca29e53d1ec26c20f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__lca39c145a7984f58955e8aa43d500cf6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__ldae8a5c8c68c4983bba42e6332d477bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__lbd9f7801ef034cea9e2f273779988613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__s78ccf9aa487a4e488f344ffcb13f97f6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a6e0a7ddf79ca4791980bcffd6e5914da">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b13491434161416">SQLConnect</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b17716764161422">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b53360610161429">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b28136448161439">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b50806639161447">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b669744161451">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b33141305161458">ConnectionHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b935479016155">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__b20652643161513">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__scd1aba252b2d4400b164558aac8f8c81"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814779__a4a2f61f6f31c44fda09a23e948d13dcf">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0133.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0133.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ab94ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0133.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLDisconnect</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__sb09a895694164f21ad0ff41c58c5636c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__afb1aceb1298a4c5397d547ac4821391b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706142410">SQLDisconnect</strong> closes the connection associated with the database connection handle.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__sa59d850f18584386b71352a3ad1aa346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__s33b5bdd526e945df9e35d86c31e9c466"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLDisconnect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ConnectionHandle</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__sd728723fbca34191a055a29407ecbd41"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__te74d70591685406086e00c4ce1f71858" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLDisconnect parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__rc27711a1dd3b45b4b0a7cd65ed4648e7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__a80e379abd48d43008e1cbc167b9fd562">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__a610a82d3ff6e4cb49cabecb642d24517">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__r833b638da93c40d1a252bb6825cae837"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__a234fe1dbaecb4cd9a41a35dbbcdcb1cc">ConnectionHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__aea991fa486014efebe92af017f732518">Connection handle, obtained from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706142454">SQLAllocHandle</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__s9199cb20b4804b698977d9446c465454"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__u84cec6c2e8124a91b724e3e02c8ddced"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__l968cb5b8bdc84da5bcedb385759c0fa5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__l3fe243d0b6664b228d3c4f47773be16f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__l8f28cf69ad7b4facb16b7c7724d3bfa8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__l40792185d564454ab2006ed23a01cd4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__s34c829048f9241a0b08c3de513bacafc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__a75147c98fc16402cbc785649e4a6d309">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b5838997161752">SQLDisconnect</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b61175442161756">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b1142683516183">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b6114118616189">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b41977672161814">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b39721054161819">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b33219077161825">ConnectionHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b32746925161830">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__b12783312161837">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__s6dae9b45d0d14663b4ebd88e1473bb98"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974580__ab09e0ae446f84531b73d2716273280d6">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0134.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0134.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42154967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0134.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLExecDirect</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__saf7ab07481404156b6c93aa87f03aa23"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a9912a78f03754b769659e8757f2e51c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706142823">SQLExecDirect</strong> executes a prepared SQL statement specified in this parameter. This is the fastest execution method for executing only one SQL statement at a time.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__s7df68372f0694e82964a20e65a08fbd3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__sdd08c87f53a244ae8276b14c17f9c917"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLExecDirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StatementText</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">TextLength</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__s1486b55290b447c59b8b6d5c5620aae1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__t657b6cdb48c24a868b0c0886145aa8ce" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLExecDirect parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__rac18cb24e85d49dc831a8f9771534ece"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a67c13fc27ab544aa98587074703128e7">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a41eac8a407454776a7c8256e8a0702d9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__rb51100b139b14a8e941bb4028e93555e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a9c32164a5973436aafe66d0b96e69b6a">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__abd99a39751644bd99aa25aba06d2cde0">Statement handle, obtained from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706142916">SQLAllocHandle</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__rc43edadd4cb943bfb28a69b33a0bd697"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a50f3573def1649d28a53995268b66ec1">StatementText</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__ad20fcea54a824675b7afcfa4a5c38ecf">SQL statement to be executed. One SQL statement can be executed at a time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__r32dcf93758b04ee0b55f65bf288e21c9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__aec8911aa774e4b22a5432e53d978bcdc">TextLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__ac5774b8e1ccb469496efdae724b18f0d">Length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b43579298162725">StatementText</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__s04c6e7e6a6d846c7b331f475ca4148a4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__u8971698e18134c7ba3b91f489d55b645"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l5f034a12ea07449593b69f6b216c98fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__la351f527f2a74a96aca46e3b088e33c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l1afd7bfd15d4451daed2c33cb97cbc28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706151539">SQL_NEED_DATA</strong> indicates insufficient parameters provided before executing the SQL statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l154886a10ef546edaa1fa5bb630444c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l8627a3284af940409fa3543ec3ab4802"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l23667c98e5e04245a11d7d26b5d59449"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__l103a865739644676993437a4d2f13501"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b84235270615213">SQL_NO_DATA</strong> indicates that the SQL statement does not return a result set.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__s1340545ab32241ca8610af1354dfa8ad"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__a9ce73bee56e041b5b63168b2e0d334b7">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b27970617162014">SQLExecDirect</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b14889512162019">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b36828524162026">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b32755184162030">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b24477965162036">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b897061162041">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b32545914162047">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b6486132162053">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__b34506135162058">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__s4b59ff03a1a749d5886d544898c1f8e5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654888__adb8b978ad0a74549b48e4ec3fe55dd6a">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0135.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0135.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2acc40ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0135.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLExecute</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__sbbad4fc03119403da880a63d829934ba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__a49b960777df44eea8be37a86761966a5">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706143246">SQLExecute</strong> function executes a prepared SQL statement using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b53384070162116">SQLPrepare</strong>. The statement is executed using the current value of any application variables that were bound to parameter markers by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b33148462162129">SQLBindParameter</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s9e74807c43424563930ae4d5b8afc5d9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s5c78e33b423a45fbac63659d2d7357bb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLExecute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s2e08e49a3cf246c69ccc9cfc8d9c261e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__tfa9ca482590f4040bfad76db0618dec2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLExecute parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__r0307a745cb2d4d4ab43fd9d64913c958"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__a7e885584186d4b029f5a3f6f5f620516">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__a0a1b542dea1e4e07946cfdb58beb9754">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__r42d0ec61c4cf4d83a9e2000fb5c9bd5e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.580000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__ae886ff03870a46cdaafd0c7bf0fca52f">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__a6e52e14b456a4cf382fc35564898e02e">Statement handle to be executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s547adf5e523647d08e970f40c70d0b7d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__u683682627ef745ffba248d532587749b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__lec689920a9dc4575b29d94147896be4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__l9d1db1a6e3b04dda9f722dfbf500c718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__l6aa4ef7ab4f4411cbff59fbfbf3df2e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706151720">SQL_NEED_DATA</strong> indicates insufficient parameters provided before executing the SQL statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__lb0775eeba70342b19814aa80039fd1da"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__l97d86318d4794d859400ae336060bf42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b84235270615213">SQL_NO_DATA</strong> indicates that the SQL statement does not return a result set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__l5b5321ccc41a42e28e69859c248d8ece"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__le4bea77a33bb416f8f9d28333feb3601"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s3838769b67af4332853f9c75b201f653"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__afaf75a752a164f1ca564b208fb97b949">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b55554383162141">SQLExecute</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b24041446162145">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b39996668162152">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b22187642162157">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b1385698916223">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b331675816228">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b55122378162220">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b38407935162225">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__b10797917162230">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__s1e9f8d406841495faf3c1e255d63d2e2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694767__a48e447f8de3546ffac780f3e1583a8fb">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0136.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0136.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fdb9258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0136.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLFetch</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__s7137d813f8a24002884e274ee948203e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a28a91884c05c4b0c803b09547ed5e9d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706143658">SQLFetch</strong> advances the cursor to the next row of the result set and retrieves any bound columns.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__sfdc3eb23f8b8432895c5f83e3986e8ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__s747ec9a2099940adb2992d2e625caed7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLFetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__s3ee96aa6a9744135a80c76db9446cc4f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__tc2b051004ca2465e989366da49a33175" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLFetch parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__r2612dcb0fb30466ab11865c9da15771f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a95cc96e862e3416da1fc3ed25b077e43">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.88000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a16e98629ed6b41b48e97ba9854da09c9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__rd8f6aebb349f40e995f287bda43d2671"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a51c3e67f7eff4951b4fe65d6331e85a6">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.88000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a72dab5fbf8ea4492b8c8c475ebcc253a">Statement handle, obtained from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706144658">SQLAllocHandle</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__sc5c643163b534d1f9bf6a6115d8223ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__u2997a68b597f49a3bf4d918203fcb826"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__l7da7619e60b84714b8b60cc996475737"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__l2505da6b979340fd89611ac3759e63fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__l5554fe53b02243979e8f7e9366179f46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__lbd8eeeb229f84eb69a87b4e55c9365dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b84235270615213">SQL_NO_DATA</strong> indicates that the SQL statement does not return a result set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__lc82d3f9e09ef48b4b0e98208c4cb7adb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__lcaada470fa504b7cb345f419cae89e63"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__s439bd857c0f54147a6ed4563d54a7dcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__abc0f9cbaf10c45b1ab484e551d028fb5">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b56726131164942">SQLFetch</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b55906287164948">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b7583534164954">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b4402431816502">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b5343299916508">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b61155744165013">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b8134973165020">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b46852211165027">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__b58783965165038">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__s4982f324d1874dc78bf053433a169dbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134628__a597cf68ecd314ef3ac4cf4bcb72c189c">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0137.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0137.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f33720bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0137.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134888"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134888"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLFreeStmt</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134888__a48d95705c6e4477394db4a4d382080c8">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134888__b12037746162347">SQLFreeStmt</strong> (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134888__b27101015162353">SQLFreeHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0139.html">SQLFreeHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0138.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0138.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afb47dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0138.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814440"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814440"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLFreeConnect</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814440__acadd48f8d1404b13b303b01251e24eba">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814440__b6532834516242">SQLFreeConnect</strong> (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814440__b33174351162415">SQLFreeHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0139.html">SQLFreeHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0139.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0139.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca76f984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0139.html
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLFreeHandle</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s6fc504a2802a48a18ebe38014a130d63"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__adf2a34a15f424a23922a20340b016824"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145156">SQLFreeHandle</strong> releases resources associated with a specific environment, connection, or statement handle. It replaces the ODBC 2.x functions: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145218">SQLFreeEnv</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145222">SQLFreeConnect</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145225">SQLFreeStmt</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s64421fb75bd343f49b84dea99fb107b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s1ac3a41d5391418b9acca6bb42272aed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLFreeHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">HandleType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLHANDLE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Handle</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s2260eea4054a436ca9f67876e93902f7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__tf8d511ef223741de9dbae09bf29162ea" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLFreeHandle parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__r1112958b13f046c38081d03f7040151c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.69%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__a6fba3c82cd874a1b81ea1d08c0029176">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.30999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__ad94027e63c30449582268869c8a3f372">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__r76b2126cfe6c40ca8d304943f38457a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.69%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__a48d605c9fb444aa98e7da988c1549dbb">HandleType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.30999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__aca4c265bd6a74e51985dbfedcc391232">The type of handle to be freed by SQLFreeHandle. The value must be one of the following:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__ua293e4e65a244602b2b73039a1f7fd12"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__l1296415b9a424e3c8d2e9084c7c38f7a">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__l3946dbae4425404fb201f3aee422965a">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__l38bcc94916d5445eadce65f1792627bf">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__lfb450b6b946542e4bc96cc42ab5ba9d9">SQL_HANDLE_DESC</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__ae59811d51d4347e3bb527fcce0cc923c">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145246">HandleType</strong> is not one of the preceding values, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145253">SQLFreeHandle</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145259">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__r200a0fa71bb2401dbb63d6d00e6eaec8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.69%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__ab38e719199f34384bbf3cd0a286d2e94">Handle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.30999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__a12b15aa9be3d4c17bae2b403c1250121">The name of the handle to be freed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s61ba7e073b9b4542aba3a0314acf5a5f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__en-us_topic_0059779231_ul81431234355"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__ldeaea480407c4fc2b5f1551f5fb87a8d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__lf542ccd96077418fb2614ec9d20a53bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__l936bbac3a8fa4cacb18b2652a296620b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__la1b527272f8d408aa80f7b181988581b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s5fd2e5b86d634cf29d036bb5bbaf0150"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__af79ac595d7244e1186f48ecd868fa8fe">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145325">SQLFreeHandle</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__b842352706145327">SQL_ERROR</strong>, the handle is still valid.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__s4eb1180b04a6488b8ee293d028f94f7d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814808__a66689d46c3654d7a9e16b9ad4455da58">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0140.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0140.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce3128a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0140.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655054"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655054"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLFreeEnv</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655054__ab25070e1ee7e4660b9a24700dea56123">In ODBC 3.x, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655054__b6188138616274">SQLFreeEnv</strong> (an ODBC 2.x function) was deprecated and replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655054__b3655958916279">SQLFreeHandle</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0139.html">SQLFreeHandle</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0141.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0141.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cc228d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0141.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLPrepare</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__sf41fe86578184b8abd859b572544cd7b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a0d969dc7cd47485189f751ea43c79e8c"><strong>SQLPrepare</strong> prepares an SQL statement to be executed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__s8db9f1e098e84e60a8378d60fd5da155"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__s853457826d4148a1a080a50e84707956"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLPrepare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StatementText</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TextLength</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__s6be5baad225d4cada117cf5195aea7b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__t4bdd016a4fa94bdf96d13077e15eb8a7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLPrepare parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__r0824e0ca74be4e1abd734f67ea7c11e5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a25bae9558849412f9487efe83d2b4eb3">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a7f63ddf954be41a48f15681a4bf97161">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__r1e13d7d3e6234e8385dfc2aa92d61b4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a062388ca5b5b44e495098c479862ac3d">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a66b266bfd09640a39ffffaf66fe2ac85">Statement handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__r774064d78bfd4fc0bdb6d8c003a3716d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a191831186bed4c5f89a92b2ce4813f64">StatementText</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a62be8f9459644a8eb7b9f0c97b248781">SQL text string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__rfb94179b4cfd41aca4477b151ac59c27"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a444738741fdf480197a4250bbb914241">TextLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__a802c3ac447864ca2916bf9646084c025">Length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b43579298162725">StatementText</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__s5ef985657b6149a3bb3bda5cb672f832"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__uddb3d7bd6c074251a550604a320413e7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__en-us_topic_0059779125_li42881082362"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__l53c4e294137e49719c9591323529bf81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__l74107e2596b94b69a7a15a01c1f21b1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__lce5993f81c5e42c5850f0bc5831baebb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__le4bee07f100041ec94e981dc1b2c690b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__sc6a05420e8ab42b080a81fd1cd7e7a12"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__ad80f200ab0fc4e6daf2c235997ef255b">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b355637416127">SQLPrepare</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b31683787161212">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b12837117161219">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b60706181161228">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b36130306161234">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b14022084161240">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b4894318161249">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b1846530161256">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__b861544416135">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__s031deb6edde94059ae913b9ad53ce2b0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894687__aaa36de6b21524cf381b9af239d7c45f7">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0142.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0142.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fef884a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0142.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLGetData</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__s8110024e2677472c991854222236e2a7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ad06b67018b2d4f2db9c79e6ef1e38111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151251">SQLGetData</strong> retrieves data for a single column in the current row of the result set. It can be called for many times to retrieve data of variable lengths.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__sa3cea2d504444e36906e1a46ea9e5c4c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__sfc2e9555477946588a3f0bfc3291072a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLGetData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLUSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Col_or_Param_Num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">TargetType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">TargetValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">BufferLength</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">SQLLEN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">StrLen_or_IndPtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__s6f82c05a44334aeb9db2a7ae0e0d75cc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__td2f062e604fd487c8a31f44ced2f3dd9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLGetData parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__r4bec3dc43a9b4a0089df224c379ef3df"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a3f486588b4e14c72b27b440e71f4b3e2">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ae3737572245a4e859f3e989bbfbaa0aa">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__rf322182f382a4cc78f845f8d46a226d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a3c866f7f7dac4e3b96d1fd4554d33214">StatementHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a6a2a87a213704e5a820d35204dd4cff0">Statement handle, obtained from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151326">SQLAllocHandle</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__r73468b53cffb4e99bb1ade05ef9fa527"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a2b87b5b13d384eb1a9b6a3ee0a742570">Col_or_Param_Num</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a286bf5856ce14d618880fdde6e13d5fe">Column number for which the data retrieval is requested. The column number starts with 1 and increases in ascending order. The number of the bookmark column is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ra177470816a4463ba30854d868322bda"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__aa50085f0fa8f4fce898a84f82d6f44e0">TargetType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a5a05418329844c158f1b4cf81b9e19ea">C data type in the TargetValuePtr buffer. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151354">TargetType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151357">SQL_ARD_TYPE</strong>, the driver uses the data type of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b84235270615142">SQL_DESC_CONCISE_TYPE</strong> field in ARD. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151410">TargetType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151413">SQL_C_DEFAULT</strong>, the driver selects a default data type according to the source SQL data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__rb97e4758481c494d85a9631bcdf56b13"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a6e6297ab841a40cabe210b3e633cdabc">TargetValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a988b2fc4c78447038167f90b54953469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151430">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the pointer that points to the buffer where the data is located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__rd9047e0459a24b27a9c67e419fe05f18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a5d31bb604fba4dcfb1922405f8e450b2">BufferLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ac1db53b2834c4dd9895c5203ae45aa93">Size of the buffer pointed to by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706151459">TargetValuePtr</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__r6dd1a1efaeaf4c2ea6c6c458b06a8a1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a1d50a7ffbad6438ead4f4805cb51bd53">StrLen_or_IndPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.96000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a90ed2462b4f34ee09114c1f363dfd2a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a0d31142125114e59a52a35f66747a4e6">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the buffer where the length or identifier value is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__s213ee9a7b17143fc859a4978a88c7cd2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__u0985a15b8ac345cf944d766f254143fc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__lfc681932366843c1b4d392c8f2efe24e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__l7363aead0792402cb4079310a2aaf59a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__l83526b9b7ea94b46bcfd9a44000f2e4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__l58ac78be97344ce1a3b71068205a4a0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b84235270615213">SQL_NO_DATA</strong> indicates that the SQL statement does not return a result set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ldf4f1c436c98410ba032eeb438a0f2ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__l5d71738cd294447d89efb4f13e01690b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__b842352706152119">SQL_STILL_EXECUTING</strong> indicates that the statement is being executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__s1f229eb1865c4292823c4d4fb696076a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a0ce67496501448388e0d95c495171fc2">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__afb1393e0482a462fb8435e3a2149798a">SQLFetch</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a6c44273ac4874875b535c2067207ce2f">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a0526088d224f4665a1b04ae5bd4bf33f">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a3853a981224943cebfed6a0da7bab928">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a6f262a53f0e948e8a2f8202fcfcaefb5">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a4b459f2ba70045ecbfa84d8c08a13728">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a9fe4e137ac304ae5a332be625d7fc35e">StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__abe1f29a8423b48e1af6329a971adab88">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__a79a007e94cb041688943c3d529ede484">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__s4eae508a296d474886fdc7d7717d01ae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814652__ac83368e0bcc04e1b8c370f72c2570471">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLGetDiagRec</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__sc3cd4e0a2925417194793b3044b03571"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a5d5e87a21f824cd180bd501cc620a3af"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706151725">SQLGetDiagRec</strong> returns the current values of multiple fields of a diagnostic record that contains error, warning, and status information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__s0104d3f00994487ab16c4a806200fa45"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__s67ddfedaf97b414fb07c58020746cfe7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nf">SQLGetDiagRec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">HandleType</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLHANDLE</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">Handle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">RecNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">SQLState</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">NativeErrorPtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLCHAR</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">MessageText</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BufferLength</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLSMALLINT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">TextLengthPtr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__sd27712100afe423aa47e54daf4bf05ad"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__tf057683654334aef9065d1d7b0472ba9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLGetDiagRec parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r3d4dd0a9211e4c3c8f1c0a4aba581df4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a553bcd13f4fd49e19192ea00d93b0334">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a3209910b247042f69915c4a68878c90d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r49e5fb24665a4b8ab34aa5cc8db9f0d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a6c72e396608742e495fcd5f7e09edefa">HandleType</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a5db2d82ebb0d48219de70717239f0101">A handle-type identifier that describes the type of handle for which diagnostics are desired. The value must be one of the following:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__u229539bc80d74387b86456c516bb2c3b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ld794f6fcbd8548358d4d7d823fb20184">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l1e4f139b49604464809c9c958a6df578">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__la9c64e090b094f35a5b2bddcd5d52a64">SQL_HANDLE_STMT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__le438f3426aa84966a5a12404704603e5">SQL_HANDLE_DESC</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ra032a88bbfe14211ac74559ad08012bb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a82930b70ad404faa86579537f77585d6">Handle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__afd0d3e1710de4592bcc314d5ade5c298">A handle for the diagnostic data structure. Its type is indicated by HandleType. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706152426">HandleType</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706152428">SQL_HANDLE_ENV</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706152434">Handle</strong> may be shared or non-shared environment handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r99c24240ca2b4b1dbd1df6f6453810a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__afd2461b0962448ec98e9e550a41ef0c8">RecNumber</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a7d93b8006b394199a3fad945cc6109b6">Indicates the status record from which the application seeks information. RecNumber starts with 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r5f5be65ce7034c03a21a238108c0691c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a41b06339c2d846c986583f199653a336">SQLState</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a99d8d0bb8fd84c3fb3c6aa5b07146aaa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153247">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to a buffer that saves the 5-character <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153252">SQLSTATE</strong> code pertaining to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153257">RecNumber</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r06041de5d2bd444e8c712aa7a33f131f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__aa5445d9bb08f498183ca320316775499">NativeErrorPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a0d91bae318b745c8b543710176fdb5f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b84235270615336">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to a buffer that saves the native error code.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r6abe2996ba624bf08e0de46106dcde3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a0d4ee005db8d4be9891c25113a5cd6ff">MessageText</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a88f1e43272ec4f8fb8dc99dfde4cd586">Pointer to a buffer that saves text strings of diagnostic information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__rd7f4f23840a246508264ba5da575f1e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ad3a4de32a01f4689a7c1ce552c4c203f">BufferLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__add7098fdc41347fc8ce56e4d1fece7f2">Length of MessageText.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r044ac36311c746059a4cfcc15f9e23ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.12%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a6427a8240ac344a1b26f03874c44cb42">TextLengthPtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80.88%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a87af9c3a93574edf862f859f08f906c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153357">Output parameter</strong>: pointer to the buffer, the total number of bytes in the returned <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153415">MessageText</strong>. If the number of bytes available to return is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153423">BufferLength</strong>, then the diagnostics information text in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153428">MessageText</strong> is truncated to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153430">BufferLength</strong> minus the length of the null termination character.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__sde2c14bea3f744fb919579027b5b7994"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__u073b1f5ab809472285d0e630de4a15e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__lce437c424be3427e9c3ce39647629563"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__lafc60c95213e49c586daf445e071e66d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l64a32a7c018e4b06aafb12ba41c43310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l4afed2a205174c96ad0e6827ee20bb4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__s7d8d384e123a4cd79e32472da333427d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a0f0eadb4d9f84a269e8fdad4951784f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b16901252185411">SQLGetDiagRec</strong> does not release diagnostic records for itself. It uses the following returned values to report execution results:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ue5374e374c604f4fa155301959d48c37"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l197a41110b1e4d0c942eb06121408598"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b56972406163848">SQL_SUCCESS</strong>: The function successfully returns diagnostic information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l023b528ff9ed4a9f8f0cf407f06b75c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153617">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153622">*MessageText</strong> buffer is too small to hold the requested diagnostic message. No diagnostic records are generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__lc349759455e54fcda783f56680abba95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ae76297920fb2462698a5ad8ffb7c52a4">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong>: The handle indicated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a703cb78572cc49699a177546f17b6ecc">HandType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a4c56049e35624f82b67df3530cae6755">Handle</strong> is not a valid handle.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__l536ba98da43748a2ae1b29fe2c91d6ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153635">SQL_ERROR</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153638">RecNumber</strong> is smaller than or equal to zero, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153640">BufferLength</strong> is smaller than zero.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a0428d49df91343d2906d8a652fe6707d">If an ODBC function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153658">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b84235270615370">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153713">SQLGetDiagRec</strong> and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153715">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The possible <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__b842352706153719">SQLSTATE</strong> values are listed as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__t817eab2efee74c36b5aae5680488ad20" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>SQLSTATE values</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r7f97b951a72f4f0789471c641ea2531e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" id="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ae59af2291b6a41b2aad4e329a069fb7c">SQLSATATE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" id="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a1442ff69382540eea186c52e2c013445">Error</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" id="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ae7e0f1a2e9f24deeb94bc274698b96dd">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__rea5bb516854143f2ae2004bb10e35dcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a5bb1ecc374064bc185c33d75d29c498b">HY000</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ae62f37253bd64ca3bc316fe654d70932">General error</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ae60b5d8460a344a19e852e1022686128">An error occurred for which there is no specific SQLSTATE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r08946786b0b341fd97cd4287343ca519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__aeb8fbe8985fe45a9b9b9965a6dbe0344">HY001</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__af025aedc08a24da1bf6c4a3e04371de5">Memory allocation error</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a00f5b623dbfb4b219dbca1e728244d0d">The driver is unable to allocate memory required to support execution or completion of the function.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__rd1e61df0ecd64a6db24bb2554a3e83af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__acdb2c00dd03944e8b02fd5b962295f93">HY008</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__aaaba5551e3544f09a35038d4b5356dd0">Operation canceled</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ad029067d1bca40319a847acbebd689de">SQLCancel is called to terminate the statement execution, but the StatementHandle function is still called.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__rb359678926de4b1584b8e77405a8b5c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a3ed5b3b6009f492faf178975753857e8">HY010</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a20260ad9c6b34415a57a222fbf870e18">Function sequence error</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a7aaf255096a04e6387811bff805e44fe">The function is called prior to sending data to data parameters or columns being executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r023b06d0fa6149408d79c201382cdefe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a64308dc66e1542ffb929cf109d7f9e16">HY013</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__abfd47c44f357467d8904414134a26c7f">Memory management error</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__aaa6155b310ef41e3932e07d8cd61fb5c">The function fails to be called. The error may be caused by low memory conditions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r679f7175aeb449feb9e681b561024dcb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a27b96b7263434797b64314ce590e388d">HYT01</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__af541a04c6411418fab56b5a2efcd92bc">Connection timed out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__af39799c45d8e4ccfa944dc2e956aa110">The timeout period expired before the application was able to connect to the data source.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__r1a1804f701ca4abfb7d14fd824b0302e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.352035203520348%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a5ac2b67803e84f71915c29e19888b4f7">IM001</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.983198319831978%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__aefda36102b144a9788dc928e03d30960">Function not supported by the driver</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.66476647664767%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__ac56f1cdfca6041f9aa00b6133ba1d37c">The called function is not supported by the StatementHandle driver.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__s5a36fefef22a49029271148bec999048"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894645__a0b01cf21db8d4a4181c4dc0bacd77f9d">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0144.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0144.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d06d3a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0144.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLSetConnectAttr</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s7cb8b8d38d22481cbc3f243082e7ea53"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__ab33065429dcd4f7abc5e0d3d210d74aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706153936">SQLSetConnectAttr</strong> sets connection attributes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s1534bd2482d84acf8ed673b9ac5f57cf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s75373a2276e24e1e8d6eced77ff7a767"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLSetConnectAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHDBC</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">ConnectionHandle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Attribute</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StringLength</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s0f1b4297fdb74ac78a9d1166a6295d0f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__t954a2ed218134d1d85849f71774c81c1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLSetConnectAttr parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__rf090563540584ef58f872e908fd75d19"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a0834bd2ccf584be38c60c000855293f1">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a93fef3743c964e3e97738a9847e29880">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__r7f7f7464c412431294aec888e21d1c76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a94844f83b31d4fc1bd824af7538041c3">StatementtHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a8eb46c8e620840ad8aa9cfb3c9749ec7">Connection handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__r343eec64279744edbe1b05364e8f3a48"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a186025e7fd8f487faf8eb4b0cf474b06">Attribute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a109206cbb2344453b93b970b090a9095">Attribute to set.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__rbd40bd0016b54d4fb1ad82d5083f35ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a904f79cabb304b4c84af1cc138e457b4">ValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__add0f2cc09ad14a3694e880697791714c">Pointer to the Attribute value. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706153959">ValuePtr</strong> depends on the Attribute value, and can be a 32-bit unsigned integer value or a null-terminated string. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706154032">ValuePtr</strong> parameter is driver-specific value, it may be signed integer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__rfec7881b26964212b6dcf1085cc7ab3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a67ffceca5f4c47d09146e1f4813d7c1e">StringLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__afd78bc790b2a4456a01157ce307efed1">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706154119">ValuePtr</strong> points to a string or a binary buffer, this parameter should be the length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706154311">*ValuePtr</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706154324">ValuePtr</strong> points to an integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706154329">StringLength</strong> is ignored.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s16a18350e7be4a7b9eed4f151bee905e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__ueb6fcf9f3c044caf813780e7954faedd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__lf2067ddbf1a8446e888a43b796de28e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__l5313558af9c94bb1b5a74d7500df1a9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__lcb0522a9284843649a81a3113c03d691"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__l47a30f9ee584461b8076c5e25db98aab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s4c87ed1d94c648178e3c648238798ce1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a0d0984f7b3fe4ce0b89ea631bc0216fc">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b19293286165640">SQLSetConnectAttr</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b40854083165648">SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b7290150165656">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b5686337616574">HandleType</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b11430631165712">Handle</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b66952723165720">SQL_HANDLE_DBC</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b25641669165731">ConnectionHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b32963009165742">SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__b25739559165753">SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__s960cdfc53c4848a4a69c8451f8f9fe59"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134614__a02b79f10e845454c8df9ce7e9ee9898a">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0145.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0145.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c7047b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0145.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLSetEnvAttr</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__sc3e8a910032f42cebe6ebf6be97ab934"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__ad36ac19bd96446709e2a691979254eaf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706154935">SQLSetEnvAttr</strong> sets environment attributes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__s77df85ae6d3745b8958f50a6f075f560"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__sc88f526627ac4a85801ceb3f1f5085f1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLSetEnvAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHENV</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">EnvironmentHandle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Attribute</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StringLength</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__s9998a8d0b6a843eca89dc70f414c3dba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__t84fcbc924f544329b8d0376618a9d944" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLSetEnvAttr parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__r06a0d6dd41be428d9ed49305a17d5f9b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a10eed5527fa64d6492c860da1e39eac9">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__abd75573d53b644df89261358877f642d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__rb2ce5791067a4661bcfdf8cbf94aeb07"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a5317f41ac8d94b848f17716a56eaf99d">EnviromentHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__ac3cba99d7b0443c4bfa89eea445a8ab7">Environment handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__r215a7a74544a4d879e94a0406130fcd6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a5744d940c01e4374ae317506791c01f5">Attribute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__af7bf0ddf4ce64ab28d93eb6e5c42e478">Environment attribute to be set. Its value must be one of the following:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__u6ca625dc1ab44d0bab4be1e1b0db0c6c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__l9f3c2c4d3e794bffa4a480d4ae7a4472"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155147">SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION</strong>: ODBC version</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__lf08bf550531c479fbe3a8717ef54a8bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155150">SQL_CONNECTION_POOLING</strong>: connection pool attribute</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__lb4ff65c1d65f45c7b1a154d84e901933"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155155">SQL_OUTPUT_NTS</strong>: string type returned by the driver</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__rd8b590963093410bb3a8c489ca7817a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a80bcdd7e55e64bb99b53a8bd9e584b43">ValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__accc8e93b364b4cc29d3b5ee5610c1ee0">Pointer to the Attribute value. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155133">ValuePtr</strong> depends on the Attribute value, and can be a 32-bit integer value or a null-terminated string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__rb74d1e64650e45bc9c88ba8a86ee086a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__ab8d9396537a84df7a4a999d9fc0bc2ed">StringLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__adce789decf0c40969c8db9a7c13179b5">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b84235270615534">ValuePtr</strong> points to a string or a binary buffer, this parameter should be the length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b84235270615538">*ValuePtr</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155312">ValuePtr</strong> points to an integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706155314">StringLength</strong> is ignored.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__s115fdbd336f14dc090785f26398b2de0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__u7023e41011d54a6ebef1ff963cc9b4e0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__lb4af1a4d987547b6bc2168f9e688f56f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__en-us_topic_0059778852_li84669152393"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__l1b121747b97b423ba9c6bf216a59cd61"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__la4112632f57a479ba4b07887fe2a8738"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__sd0867623d74b42cabd88b744694045f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a83fdaf10908a4c9e88122ef33fc3dde9">If <strong>SQLSetEnvAttr</strong> returns <strong>SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong>SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong>HandleType</strong> and <strong>Handle</strong> to <strong>SQL_HANDLE_ENV</strong> and <strong>EnvironmentHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong>SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong>SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__s91197db88b9c4159a27d3001c6a872a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494895__a45377b26dc2e42c9a18c49fb5b29e83f">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0146.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0146.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a68b97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0146.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQLSetStmtAttr</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__s4ef04ebecac648e690aa0b334b227d11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a040372a2f1ef4c71acc0d9e6859af560"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b84235270616022">SQLSetStmtAttr</strong> sets attributes related to a statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__sb9503a36ce6845f1b8298923303a09cd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prototype</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Cpp" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__s3c136dab020d4dd3b6bcc066cf604e6d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SQLRETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SQLSetStmtAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLHSTMT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">StatementHandle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Attribute</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLPOINTER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ValuePtr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">SQLINTEGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StringLength</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__s0ec859368cee45dfa54ce451b68f6a09"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ta8cf921f57b5409cb9df1b15280d2dc1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQLSetStmtAttr parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__re7ae27b8bfc04975bc07d49e9d707d80"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ad99a9809e81c46c4810d454d2d24d734">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__aa7a0987d5bf34334b93fd63ab7a3fab9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__r35fbf062413d4e0c82aa56cf2679523f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a26b9f61862c3439f96882fc3e50ba8b6">StatementtHandle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a4f70eff589714fd590a694ffa2f49de1">Statement handle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__rf5350b08cd17493b95944abac59450ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__aa7b161e88eac45a18fad009d2933e44b">Attribute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ab2ac8df5cc4f42889680fc2996212acd">Attribute to set.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ra3d5cfff64b74b219ac5ec696540d659"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a718876d45f7e498f90356748be2cad95">ValuePtr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a53df0cbbca674c94be2423b104cdc3c7">Pointer to the Attribute value. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b8423527061611">ValuePtr</strong> depends on the Attribute value, and can be a 32-bit unsigned integer value or a pointer to a null-terminated string, a binary buffer, and a driver-specified value. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b84235270616122">ValuePtr</strong> parameter is driver-specific value, it may be signed integer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__r7e0c4ac62c7a4f1b89041457e5a3cbe0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ae37b99063a6748b7bd5e4c18ddf96628">StringLength</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a6e9ccca4a99e45b4adc769569cfe1a1b">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b84235270616148">ValuePtr</strong> points to a string or a binary buffer, this parameter should be the length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b84235270616157">*ValuePtr</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b84235270616158">ValuePtr</strong> points to an integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b8423527061624">StringLength</strong> is ignored.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__s3112acaff04b4417824198de633c0619"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Return Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__u863d86d0a12f450db10ab34678cd2e83"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__l8b590e497d334d17958b18cd356d5a7e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b842352706112950">SQL_SUCCESS</strong> indicates that the call succeeded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__lb05d0f333e504d0d8d4f6b3c9f7c5aaf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b842352706112952">SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong> indicates some warning information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__lb88f2208d1a04c44be787825617d94be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b842352706112954">SQL_ERROR</strong> indicates major errors, such as memory allocation and connection failures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__l7484a9c22d8443dc8fd31daf86e45c48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__b842352706112956">SQL_INVALID_HANDLE</strong> indicates that invalid handles were called. Values returned by other APIs are similar to the preceding values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__s4982d8648a8c48348675d2d36f5e3923"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__ac487d4d7d35f4d48801f594eda3af58a">If <strong>SQLSetStmtAttr</strong> returns <strong>SQL_ERROR</strong> or <strong>SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO</strong>, the application can then call <a href="dws_04_0143.html">SQLGetDiagRec</a>, set <strong>HandleType</strong> and <strong>Handle</strong> to <strong>SQL_HANDLE_STMT</strong> and <strong>StatementHandle</strong>, and obtain the <strong>SQLSTATE</strong> value. The <strong>SQLSTATE</strong> value provides the detailed function calling information.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__sadb34460351542d2abe21fdc205bf4cb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814648__a7f04f2a2b1cf4fc3a6c5bfbc949923c5">See <a href="dws_04_0123.html">Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0124.html">ODBC Interfaces</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0154.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0154.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cb58146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0154.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163563081"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163563081"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001163563081"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163563081__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0183.html">Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0184.html">Uploading Data to OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0185.html">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0186.html">Importing Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0187.html">Handling Import Errors</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0181.html">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0155.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0155.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52b826a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0155.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163523053"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163523053"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001163523053"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163523053__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0243.html">Preparing Data on OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0245.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0246.html">Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0247.html">Deleting Resources</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0156.html">Supported Data Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0181.html">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0156.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0156.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d870127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0156.html
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Supported Data Types</h1>
+<div id="body0000001117163300"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__p371112711713"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p62721611119">In the big data field, the mainstream file format is ORC, which is supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text179659161386">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can use Hive to export data to an ORC file and use a read-only foreign table to query and analyze the data in the ORC file. Therefore, you need to map the data types supported by the ORC file format with the data types supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text20423243281">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_table15273186151115">Table 1</a>. Similarly, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text1475515474811">GaussDB(DWS)</span> exports data through a write-only foreign table, and stores the data in the ORC format. Using Hive to read the ORC file content also requires matched data types. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811">Table 2</a> shows the matching relationship.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_table15273186151115"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_table15273186151115"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_table15273186151115" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Mapping between ORC read-only foreign tables and Hive data types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row142741761115"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1227496101117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_b12741267114">Type</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1827446171112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b31021125195915">Type Supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text12144135419812">GaussDB(DWS)</span> Foreign Tables</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p182754641117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b759815541590">Hive Table Type</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row2409211165610"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1195818461520">1-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p526810461564">TINYINT (not recommended)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p831311491569">TINYINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row9958124615519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p129583461959">SMALLINT (recommended)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p79583461557">TINYINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row52752671111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p42751465114">2-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1727514614113">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p122761569119">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row1127618617118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p16276566113">4-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1327686121115">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p142761651113">INT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row1927626161115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p10276136161112">8-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p327736121119">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p11277156181114">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row1227712621110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p2027715631112">Single-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p5277764119">FLOAT4 (REAL)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p15278868111">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row52780611119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p2027819641115">Double-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p122785618115">FLOAT8(DOUBLE PRECISION)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p122785612116">DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row027886131113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p6278136121113">Scientific data type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p827917651116">DECIMAL[p (,s)] (The maximum precision can reach up to 38.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1927912617115">DECIMAL (The maximum precision can reach up to 38.) (HIVE 0.11)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row192791862111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1027912641111">Date type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p22802681113">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p11280865113">DATE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row1328020681118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p112801661113">Time type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p32806611115">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1028010611112">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row32807616112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p42801611110">Boolean type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p202801569112">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1828015621111">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row5280156141110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p528016618118">CHAR type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p12281169116">CHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1228113681114">CHAR (n)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row7281186201110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p6281567117">VARCHAR type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p128218621118">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p928266111115">VARCHAR (n)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_row928211617110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.650000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p32829691111">String (large text object)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p1628216191120">TEXT(CLOB)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.5%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_p162821615117">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Mapping between ORC write-only foreign tables and Hive data types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row99744111683"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p89742119810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_b4974211587">Type</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1556456171712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_b6564564176">Type Supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text4222150295">GaussDB(DWS)</span> Internal Tables (Data Source Table)</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p19974211281">Type Supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text18827164894">GaussDB(DWS)</span> Write-only Foreign Tables</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p49752111385">Hive Table Type</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row1433042125718"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p149754110814">1-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p103348539185">TINYINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1333113213570">TINYINT (not recommended)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p052652105716">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row2975121112811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1960895841814">SMALLINT (recommended)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p464896131711">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row09752011687"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1197513111686">2-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p12383202812192">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1197512111486">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1975411681">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row139752011481"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p297511111288">4-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p207592036101910">INTEGER, BINARY_INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1975101116817">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p20975181114812">INT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row99751711384"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p297518116816">8-byte integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p53301342181720">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p20975161119811">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p897518111583">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row597513117813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p397517111185">Single-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1733074211716">FLOAT4, REAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p19751511286">FLOAT4, REAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p097514116817">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row6976121118813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p197614119817">Double-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p17330942131719">DOUBLE PRECISION, FLOAT8, BINARY_DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p7977328202218">DOUBLE PRECISION, FLOAT8, BINARY_DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p397611111812">DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row29767113810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p29761511684">Scientific data type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p34401548172211">DECIMAL, NUMERIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1697620111486">DECIMAL[p (,s)] (The maximum precision can reach up to 38.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p297612112082"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i378713874610">precision</em> ≤ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b179234713482">38</strong>: DECIMAL; <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i479384624612">precision</em> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b23841955174813">38</strong>: STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row189762111887"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p119765111283">Date type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p133094218171">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p87981231124516">TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p589523819248">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row830620465401"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p330654617404"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p172971022194010"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1997618114813">Time type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1306746174011">TIME [(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE], TIME [(p)] [WITH TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1030619467409">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p183061146154015">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row9297322164017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1297122211402">TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE], TIMESTAMP[(p)][WITH TIME ZONE], SMALLDATETIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p32970228406">TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p0298122216404">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row119761111389"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p113301242151719">INTERVAL DAY (l) TO SECOND (p), INTERVAL [FIELDS] [(p)]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p7558112004413">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p12432514419">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row1976811888"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p119762116820">Boolean type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p13511114258">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p199763114810">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p7976101120820">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row159766117816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p129769111588">CHAR type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1846012494257">CHAR(n), CHARACTER(n), NCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p294579112916">CHAR(n), CHARACTER(n), NCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1097620114819"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i1264658284115158">n</em> ≤ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b1276814878115158">255</strong>: CHAR(n); <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i20632677115158">n</em> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b1825387945115158">255</strong>: STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row19762111389"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p109769111382">VARCHAR type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__p13784543813"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p3280432153715">VARCHAR(n), CHARACTER VARYING(n), VARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p89761111581">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p097612115810"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i1257393010491">n</em> ≤ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b765633844914">65535</strong>: VARCHAR(n); <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__i15206514501">n</em> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__b113808935020">65535</strong>: STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__row5378954486"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__p1437965417810">NVARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__p1537914541485">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__p133797549818">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row99768114812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p4976211681">String (large text object)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p837044019311">TEXT, CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p1097781110813">TEXT, CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p39771311685">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_row2387234616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.290000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p43818224613">Monetary type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.56%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p53913204617">MONEY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p639192194614">NUMERIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.68%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_p63918218460">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_note22835621116"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_ol152836691115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__li15224854175211">The GaussDB(DWS) foreign table supports the NULL definition, and the Hive data table supports and uses the corresponding NULL definition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_li21460594818">The value range of TINYINT in the Hive data table is [-128, 127], and the value range of TINYINT in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text982719131197">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is [0, 255]. You are advised to use the SMALLINT type when creating the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text1038517243916">GaussDB(DWS)</span> read-only foreign table for TINYINT in the Hive table. If TINYINT is used, the read value may be different from the actual value. Similarly, when exporting data of the TINYINT type from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text1410712194911">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you are advised to use the SMALLINT type for write-only foreign tables and Hive tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__li18801138135412">The time zone definition is not supported by the date and time types of the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text5194955397">GaussDB(DWS)</span> foreign table, or by the Hive table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_li10283126141114">The date type in Hive contains only date. The date type in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text1389916296910">GaussDB(DWS)</span> contains date and time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_li16283568116">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__text626417341691">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, ORC files can be compressed in ZLIB, SNAPPY, LZ4, or NONE mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_li028310611113">The FLOAT4 format itself is not accurate, and the sum operation results vary with environments. You are advised to use the DECIMAL type in high-precision scenarios.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_en-us_topic_0067563150_li19283206151116">In Teradata-compatible mode, foreign tables do not support the DATE type.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0157.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0157.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a347bb5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0157.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117325202"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117325202"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001117325202"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117325202__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0253.html">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0254.html">Exporting Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0255.html">Examples</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0250.html">Exporting Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0158.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0158.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffb303e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0158.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data</h1>
+<div id="body0000001163680131"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__section1557481053811"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_o0f0087b6a384485b9242097f7ded0fec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l29512321789740e5b22dbf4f57d4b70c"><span>Export data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_sbbaa4f7f087b455b9d857d7bf06d3386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s1828a8b0bb464d93a358e64ad4395a07"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_uab0b95b619b948f5ad5665449bf91662"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l2ab7a48e0dfe472490381072f5d220fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_en-us_topic_0064722364_b22929371178">Example 1</strong>: Export data from table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__b173903161220">product_info_output</strong> to a data file using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__b153393311929">product_info_output_ext</strong> foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen99949388358"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_p180203953516">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been exported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen710392357">INSERT 0 10</pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_ld65eb7dcb3114ddba61d2543e20f5c31"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__b420917595211">Example 2</strong>: Export part of the data to a data file by specifying the filter condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__b112093599219">WHERE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__i1320935992112">product_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__i8209185912110">price</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__i142091593212">&gt;500</em>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s7c09cd7a5faa43da9d2c886c69c0cae1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_n60dbe0335b094964968d22fecdee7231"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_a8c76144520bf4cafa8ecd66a91f45184">Data of a special type, such as RAW, is exported as a binary file, which cannot be recognized by the import tool. As a result, you need to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163680131__b36911835711">RAWTOHEX()</strong> function to convert it to the hexadecimal format before export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0256.html">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0159.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0159.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56a7203b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0159.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678221"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678221"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001163678221"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678221__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0160.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0161.html">Planning Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0162.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0163.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0164.html">Exporting Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0249.html">Data Export</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0160.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0160.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb97ff06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0160.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body0000001117198482"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__p8818114882415"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__ph188301950102311">GaussDB(DWS)</span> allows you to export ORC data to MRS using an HDFS foreign table. You can specify the export mode and export data format in the foreign table. Data is exported from GaussDB(DWS) in parallel using multiple DNs and stored in HDFS. In this way, the overall export performance is improved.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__en-us_topic_0117407657_u8cb2994a33d84a4587e0a4ed60c9219f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__en-us_topic_0117407657_l31f934f062fc4d73bb806420f4e0ab2a">The CN only plans data export tasks and delivers the tasks to DNs. In this case, the CN is released to process external requests.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__en-us_topic_0117407657_ldd50fb5c0ad54fe6834d26dfefb17575">The computing capability and bandwidth of all the DNs are fully leveraged to export data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li03395213277">Multiple HDFS servers can export data concurrently. The export path can be empty. The naming rule of the path must be the same as that of the exported file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li1659182513013">MRS connects to GaussDB(DWS) cluster nodes. The export rate is affected by the network bandwidth.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li529717211107">Data files in the ORC format are supported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__section16167108388"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Naming Rules of Exported Files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__p1711432817103">The rules for naming ORC data files exported from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__ph623521051917">GaussDB(DWS)</span> are as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__ol820017121092"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li534222815912">Data exported to MRS (HDFS): When data is exported from a DN, the data is stored in HDFS in the segment format. The file is named in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b8891514830">mpp_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i58971412314">Database name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b58931410311">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i1789714730">Schema name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b148918141312">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i1390101419317">Table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b159017149318">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i1490214838">Node name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b6904146315">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i1090191410319">n</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b199021411311">.orc</strong>. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__i166961840154051">n</em> is a natural number starting from 0 in ascending order, for example, 0, 1, 2, 3.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li838914361915">You are advised to export data from different clusters or databases to different paths. The maximum size of an ORC file is 128 MB, and that of a stripe file is 64 MB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__li14301185618912">After the export is complete, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198482__b39333862954051">_SUCCESS</strong> file is generated.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0161.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0161.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54ddf5d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0161.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Planning Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body0000001117358386"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386__p64035306019">For details about the data types that can be exported to MRS, see <a href="dws_04_0156.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811">Table 2</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386__p12385104002211">For details about HDFS data export or MRS configuration, see the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386__ph20549458112210"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117358386__i1999619289105">MapReduce Service User Guide</em></span>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0162.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0162.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7e3c778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0162.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163598257"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163598257"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Server</h1>
+<div id="body0000001163598257"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163598257__p36751134112518">For details about creating a foreign server on HDFS, see <a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0163.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0163.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..caade022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0163.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body0000001163678223"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p12167448953">After operations in <a href="dws_04_0162.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a> are complete, create an HDFS write-only foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__ph8207163711287">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to access data stored in HDFS. The foreign table is write-only and can be used only for data export.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p33659853185314">The syntax for creating a foreign table is as follows. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b1331054085713">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_screen34509377483"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p174842037174819">For example, when creating a foreign table <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__i14562338634">product_info_ext_obs</em>, configure the parameters in the syntax as follows.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_ul645584873919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li0456164816391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b19458104873912">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p14459164811399">Specifies the name of the foreign table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li25911413571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b691318717383">Table column definitions</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_ul496273711582"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li1446294810396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b846619483394">column_name</strong>: specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li2471194833916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b447510488398">type_name</strong>: specifies the data type of the column.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p64441413214">Multiple columns are separate by commas (,).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li4488164811399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b1449034813915">SERVER dfs_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p114921548203913">Specifies the foreign server name of the foreign table. This server must exist. The foreign table connects to OBS/HDFS to read data through the foreign server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p1192123102315">Enter the name of the foreign server created in <a href="dws_04_0162.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li184991948153914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b450214811394">OPTIONS parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p05031548113911">These parameters are associated with the foreign table. The key parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_ul16505124883912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li86062718555"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b9108357614519">format</strong>: specifies the format of the exported data file. The ORC format is supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li976404793314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b54891155155215">foldername</strong>: specifies the directory of the data source file in the foreign table, that is, the corresponding file directory in HDFS. This parameter is mandatory for write-only foreign tables and optional for read-only foreign tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li55231748173915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b115261548143916">encoding</strong>: specifies the encoding format of the data source file in the foreign table. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b106078818">utf8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li1241716511227">filesize<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p1141934762310"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li1241716511227"></a><a name="li1241716511227"></a>(Optional) Specifies the file size of a write-only foreign table. If this parameter is not specified, the file size in the distributed file system is used by default. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p19846742258">Value range: an integer ranging from 1 to 1024</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__note32011266415"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p02019268413">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b21279473574519">filesize</strong> parameter is valid only for the write-only HDFS foreign table in ORC format.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li10634202212434">compression<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p157219443509"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li10634202212434"></a><a name="li10634202212434"></a>(Optional) Specifies the compression mode of ORC files. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p1728715317504">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b5108962204519">zlib</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b21460021554519">snappy</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b6836815764519">lz4</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b6309813484519">snappy</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li16723183074313">version<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p63121479433"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li16723183074313"></a><a name="li16723183074313"></a>(Optional) Specifies the ORC version number. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p11527451104713">Value range: Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b10062233184519">0.12</strong> is supported. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b13225014484519">0.12</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li1831945420718">dataencoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p11198153517818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__li1831945420718"></a><a name="li1831945420718"></a>(Optional) Specifies the data encoding of the data table to be exported when the database encoding is different from the data encoding of the data table. For example, the database encoding is Latin-1, but the data encoding of the exported data table is in UTF-8 format. If this parameter is not specified, the database encoding is used by default. This syntax is valid only for the write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p16272113181718">Value range: data encoding types supported by the database encoding</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__note1867518620215"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__p66751367215">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b16203632374519">dataencoding</strong> parameter is valid only for the write-only HDFS foreign table in ORC format.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_li18119205351513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_b101191753151519">Other parameters in the syntax</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p2011985361516">Other parameters are optional. You can configure them as required. In this example, you do not need to configure these parameters. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__b17778611724519">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__en-us_topic_0102810709_p5898193171031">Based on the preceding settings, the command for creating the foreign table is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001163678223__screen0768104386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create an OBS foreign table that does not contain partition columns. The foreign server associated with the table is hdfs_server, the format of the file on HDFS corresponding to the table is ORC, and the data storage path on OBS is /user/hive/warehouse/product_info_orc/.</span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'snappy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'0.12'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0164.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0164.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e38146e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0164.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data</h1>
+<div id="body0000001117198484"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__section175493392119"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_o0f0087b6a384485b9242097f7ded0fec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l29512321789740e5b22dbf4f57d4b70c"><span>Export data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_sbbaa4f7f087b455b9d857d7bf06d3386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s1828a8b0bb464d93a358e64ad4395a07"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_uab0b95b619b948f5ad5665449bf91662"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l2ab7a48e0dfe472490381072f5d220fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b147271422492">Example 1</strong>: Export data from table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b973412212918">product_info_output</strong> to a data file using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b87355222917">product_info_output_ext</strong> foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen99949388358"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_p180203953516">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been exported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen710392357">INSERT 0 10</pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_ld65eb7dcb3114ddba61d2543e20f5c31"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b535919131395">Example 2</strong>: Export part of the data to a data file by specifying the filter condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b173655131196">WHERE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__i53655136914">product_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__i536641316912">price</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__i203661513694">&gt;500</em>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s7c09cd7a5faa43da9d2c886c69c0cae1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_n60dbe0335b094964968d22fecdee7231"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__en-us_topic_0125636497_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_a8c76144520bf4cafa8ecd66a91f45184">Data of a special type, such as RAW, is exported as a binary file, which cannot be recognized by the import tool. As a result, you need to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117198484__b10510351895">RAWTOHEX()</strong> function to convert it to the hexadecimal format before export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0179.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0179.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d899550e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0179.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814680"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814680"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Import</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0181.html">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0949.html">Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0208.html">Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0180.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0180.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39318ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0180.html
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p1113234919179"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ph12421185745313">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides flexible methods for importing data. You can import data from different sources to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ph84281057155311">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The features of each method are listed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_table10273436143718">Table 1</a>. You can select a method as required. You are advised to use <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ph1755183719118">GaussDB(DWS)</span> with Cloud Data Migration (CDM), and Data Lake Factory (DLF). CDM is used for batch data migration, and DLF orchestrates and schedules the entire ETL process and provides a visualized development environment.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__note195562296559"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ul1775310215573"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li1779132205718">DRS, CDM, OBS, and MRS are cloud services.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li69301637125813">GDS, DSC, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b723572282310">gs_restore</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b757465011165">gs_dump</strong> are internal tools.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_table10273436143718"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_table10273436143718"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_table10273436143718" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Data migration methods</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_row1627416369375"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p3274133613372">Data Migration Mode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p12274143611371">Supported Data Source/Database</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p78031146143918">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p152740367379">Advantage</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_row152747367379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p17274103611372"><a href="dws_04_0181.html">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p144051814119">TEXT, CSV, ORC, and CarbonData data file formats</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p180334663913">You can import data in TEXT, CSV, ORC, or CarbonData format from OBS to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_ph14538135614212">GaussDB(DWS)</span> for query, and can remotely read data from OBS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_p1449517184610">It is recommended for <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph15721958174314">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p1227413363374">This method features high performance and flexible scale-out.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_row9466165383511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p102809945217"><a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p35972011183617">TEXT and CSV data file formats</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p8803246143911">You can use the GDS tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph123261154122518">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to import data from the remote server to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph1712113508258">GaussDB(DWS)</span> in parallel. Multiple DNs are used for the import. This method is efficient and applicable to importing a large amount of data to the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_row10229161163513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p568681813351"><a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ul17601122510517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li560182525111">Hive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li176012025205117">Spark</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p19686181811355">You can configure a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph884632792510">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster to connect to an MRS cluster, and read data from the HDFS of MRS to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph1735794592518">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_note10687418143516"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p86877189358">This import method is not supported currently.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p92330118358">This method features high performance and flexible scale-out.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__row44092055131619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p103325720179"><a href="dws_04_0949.html">Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p3332157201716">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p10333127101714">Data communication between two GaussDB(DWS) clusters is supported. You can use foreign tables to access and import data across GaussDB(DWS) clusters.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p73334781716">This method is applicable to data synchronization between multiple GaussDB(DWS) clusters.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__row26104493165"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p131192016172"><a href="dws_04_0208.html">Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p1731192014170">Local files</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p431162021715">Unlike the SQL <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b8721956113911">COPY</strong> statement, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b872313566398">\copy</strong> command can be used to read data from or write data to only local files on a gsql client.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p33222019173">This method is easy-to-operate and suitable for importing a small amount of data to the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__row1055515362177"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p03105015178"><a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p173205019173">Other files or databases</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p164195019177">When you use Java to develop applications, the CopyManager interface of the JDBC driver is invoked to write data from files or other databases to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph6667121019273">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p14125012177">Data is directly written from other databases to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ph164175051710">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Service data does not need to be stored in files.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_row1127453617378"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p13274143610370"><a href="dws_04_0219.html">Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p027533615376"></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ul33322237441"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li633292354415">MySQL</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li17332132384413">PostgreSQL</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li4332152364418">Microsoft SQL Server</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li1533212324414">Oracle</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li183322231447">IBM Db2</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li833262313441">SAP HANA</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li18332142384414">GaussDB(DWS)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li633282314412">Hive</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p4422519145022">CDM can migrate various types of data in batches between homogeneous and heterogeneous data sources. CDM migrates data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph1064716136266">GaussDB(DWS)</span> using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b9246155212259">COPY</strong> statement or the GDS parallel import method.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p1727503633720">This method supports data import from abundant data sources and is easy-to-operate.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_row115562143311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p14551221153312"><a href="dws_01_0127.html">Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p1555172118337">Databases, NoSQL, file systems, and big data platforms</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p1280315465394">For details, see the documents of the third-party ETL tool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_p118431812345"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph129691947132617">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the DSC tool to migrate Teradata/Oracle scripts to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001145651023_ph344105219265">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__en-us_topic_0000001082926999_en-us_topic_0140501319_en-us_topic_0145255637_p139781232353">This method supports abundant data sources and provides powerful data conversion through OBS.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__row1599061413221"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p1991121422211"><a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.02%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ul6884122713717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li68847276371">Plaintext</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li2038265822017">Custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li1994149112112">Directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li153212303373">.tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.49%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p1434365072312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b1498172110199">gs_dump</strong> exports a single database or its objects. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__b928412441911">gs_dumpall</strong> exports all databases or global objects in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p12991414132219">To migrate database information, you can use a tool to import the exported metadata to a target database.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="20.34%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p10991514192215"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p182901946145112">This method is applicable to metadata migration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__row428944655111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p152901746125112"><a href="dws_04_0209.html">Using gs_restore to Import Data</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p182900464517">SQL, TMP, and TAR file formats</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__p710361761911">During database migration, you can use the gs_restore tool to import the file exported using the gs_dump tool to a GaussDB(DWS) cluster. In this way, metadata, such as table definitions and database object definitions, is imported. The following data needs to be imported:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__ul914882413106"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li11148142451011">All database object definitions</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li1014852419109">Definition of each database object</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li3148624151015">Definition of each schema</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099633040__li7148132411108">Definition of each table</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146400439"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146400439"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0182.html">About Parallel Data Import from OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0182.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0182.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">About Parallel Data Import from OBS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_p163116471344">The object storage service (OBS) is an object-based cloud storage service, featuring data storage of high security, proven reliability, and cost-effectiveness. OBS provides large storage capacity for you to store files of any type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_p731115477347"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph20454113013286">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, a data warehouse service, uses OBS as a platform for converting cluster data and external data, satisfying the requirements for secure, reliable, and cost-effective storage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_p1838219614407">You can import data in TXT, CSV, ORC, or CarbonData format from OBS to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> for query, and can remotely read data from OBS. You are advised to import frequently accessed hot data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph19481014202811">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to facilitate queries and store cold data to OBS for remote read to reduce cost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__p109692038122818">Currently, data can be imported using either of the following methods:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__ul10969838142818"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__li49691838172818">Method 1: You do not need to create a server. Use the default server to create a foreign table. Data in TXT or CSV format is supported. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__li39691938142820">Method 2: You need to create a server and use the server to create a foreign table. Data in ORC, CarbonData, TXT, or CSV format is supported. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a>.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__note897083892816"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__ul16970123832816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__li199705389283">Ensure that no Chinese characters are contained in paths used for importing data to or exporting data from OBS.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__li89701938162815">Data cannot be imported to or exported from OBS across regions. Ensure that OBS and the DWS cluster are in the same region.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_s05f14be7edad4e9fa097a082f7d0fe8d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overview</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_a2f692b9a99234bf09ece0de452eb06a2">During data migration and Extract-Transform-Load (ETL), a massive volume of data needs to be imported to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph1934510403392">GaussDB(DWS)</span> in parallel. The common import mode is time-consuming. When you import data in parallel using OBS foreign tables, source data files to be imported are identified based on the import URL and data formats specified in the tables. Data is imported in parallel through DNs to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph14577134510391">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, which improves the overall import performance.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p6588494154829"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_en-us_topic_0117407705_aff1ffd0775a14502a3ae833a0549cfcb">Advantages:</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_ufb2f5ed2a5f84e9f9f0a23ffcd92afaa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_l8ebd9b26eb994ba9adc5a4a6dc0bb0bd">The CN only plans and delivers data import tasks, and the DNs execute these tasks. This reduces CN resource usage, enabling the CN to process external requests.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_l6cdb958eb7f04433a02f5791f3329826">In this way, the computing capabilities and bandwidths of all the DNs are fully leveraged to import data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_lfa0fc7ebad5c4fb68d553726a790c84c">You can preprocess data before the import.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_li38783329154120">Fault tolerance can be configured for data format errors during the data import. You can locate incorrect data based on displayed error information after the data is imported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p7460316154832"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_en-us_topic_0117407705_a2330fb58f7c548008b2d3565bacb3b03">Disadvantage:</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a9f7d3d115f5844529d9d1e5512c9e0ec">You need to create OBS foreign tables and store to-be-imported data on OBS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p25954835154833"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_en-us_topic_0117407705_a76a54deace1f4304a9ba0ae4123ee050">Application Scenario</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a1d99452675fa4f4baef6503ddf90b52d">A large volume of local data is imported concurrently on many DNs.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_s20cfd5ef263b4693bc92afdc62b55073"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Concepts</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_u3b90148024b347319c44296cecdc9f18"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l144b275bcfef4133b5e2b0ee84749707"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b2094141619533">Source data file</strong>: a TEXT, CSV, ORC, or CarbonData file that stores data to be imported in parallel.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_leb63e100d58547a28da7301f5f4e0d24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b90224392174923">OBS</strong>: a cloud storage service used to store unstructured data, such as documents, images, and videos. Data is imported in parallel from the OBS server to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_ph212318549404">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l331e0761386349b9947093320b8a7994"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270617505">Bucket</strong>: a container storing objects on OBS.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_u36bc73d8d2f44c74a97c80e8b83987bd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l55b1bd39af0f4bbfa400d7b50ed795d8">Object storage is a flat storage mode. Layered file system structures are not needed because all objects in buckets are at the same logical layer.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_le04bb26a4407473fac3047e3506e12c0">In OBS, each bucket name must be unique and cannot be changed. A default access control list (ACL) is created with a bucket. Each item in the ACL contains permissions granted to certain users, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b683413494474">READ</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b10834114912474">WRITE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b7834154919478">FULL_CONTROL</strong>. Only authorized users can perform bucket operations, such as creating, deleting, viewing, and setting ACLs for buckets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_ledfd08dfba934ae79119138b124c1a41">A user can create a maximum of 100 buckets. The total data size and the number of objects and files in each bucket are not limited.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l8061dcd1e4984bd2b5e246447e965074"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706175240">Object</strong>: a basic data storage unit in OBS. Data uploaded by users is stored in OBS buckets as objects. Object attributes include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270617535">Key</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270617539">Metadata</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706175313">Data</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_en-us_topic_0102849790_p918400115144">Generally, objects are managed as files. However, OBS has no file system–related concepts, such as files and folders. To let users easily manage data, OBS allows them to simulate folders. Users can add a slash (/) in the object name, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270614141">tpcds1000/stock.csv</strong>. In this name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270614147">tpcds1000</strong> is regarded as the folder name and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706141424">stock.csv</strong> the file name. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706141446">key</strong> (object name) is still <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b10726215229">tpcds1000/stock.csv</strong>, and the content of the object is the content of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b571662122213">stock.csv</strong> file.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_labd5e1beb0f749ecb462f6a5da04ec90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b3947538172925">Key</strong>: name of an object. It is a UTF-8 character sequence containing 1 to 1024 characters. A key value must be unique in a bucket. Users can name the objects they stored or obtained as <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_i811456131216">Bucket name</em>+<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_i316856161214">Object name</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l49ab78452d15405cb44e1c4bf69416b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b7303191641310">Metadata</strong>: object metadata, which contains information about the object. There are system metadata and user metadata. The metadata is uploaded to OBS as key-value pairs together with HTTP headers.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_u46b9049023414ed58f61bf378c30ab07"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_l8c1eefbf5d9a4d4b9ab3bcc2f6306b3a">System metadata is generated by OBS and used for processing object data. System metadata includes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b11604764159">Date</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b1160476141518">Content-length</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b1060417613155">last-modify</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b106211169151">Content-MD5</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_lfa7d499b7c1342d6b0d3392aaa2ee0c4">User metadata contains object descriptions specified by users for uploading objects.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_lc7e1c47f95dd46e08f24859c44d74fe2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_en-us_topic_0067789101_a69ee85e08bc34bb6ba07ed4ac9a89afa">Data</strong>: object content. OBS does not sense the content and regards it as stateless binary data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_la21cf1ce9c6248a8aa725083018aad6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_en-us_topic_0117407684_a98fe1bb7ae324eca99ee7cce71c7e4cc">Ordinary table</strong>: A database table that stores data imported to data files in parallel. Ordinary tables are classified into row-store tables and column-store tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407684_lfb4fbedc76974168853131769719dc1d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b143138423181">Foreign table</strong>: A foreign table is used to identify data in a source data file. The foreign table stores information, such as the location, format, encoding, and inter-data delimiter of a source data file.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_sefc365e1804e4606aafdeb3398080e73"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_sefc365e1804e4606aafdeb3398080e73"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_sefc365e1804e4606aafdeb3398080e73"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">How Data Is Imported</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a9b98bf1e132b4cfca94b2755a4788ee0"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fb5a2ab52cbc942ce89ac96237380de66">Figure 1</a> shows how data is imported from OBS. The CN plans and delivers data import tasks. It delivers tasks to each DN by file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a089b7ae8b4454210a8c3663a393faa95">The delivery method is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a56034ee268a44473ad33b392b1b6c4ab">In <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fb5a2ab52cbc942ce89ac96237380de66">Figure 1</a>, there are four DNs (DN0 to DN3) and OBS stores six files numbered from t1.data.0 to t1.data.5. The files are delivered as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a420c1db2d7634133a936db2842ec4ac1">t1.data.0 -&gt; DN0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a32e40f7b928f42acbdfbae5a97e1f366">t1.data.1 -&gt; DN1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a254b5ec6ab61440685e4eddb0729d185">t1.data.2 -&gt; DN2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a61ef3f3eea02484795801f49cd710ee0">t1.data.3 -&gt; DN3</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_afd17720b9f7248239b8e0761daca3757">t1.data.4 -&gt; DN0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a8d0d969f73d44db2a4c7d0b216fd0218">t1.data.5 -&gt; DN1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_ac274b23cd8d041fcb9cb65a43b0da25e">Two files are delivered to DN0 and DN1, respectively. One file is delivered to each of the other DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a068f7abd4da342ba9f3a623adc506da9">The import performance is the best when one OBS file is delivered to each DN and all the files have the same size. To improve the performance of loading data from OBS, split the data file into multiple files as evenly as possible before storing it to OBS. The recommended number of split files is an integer multiple of the DN quantity.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fb5a2ab52cbc942ce89ac96237380de66"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fb5a2ab52cbc942ce89ac96237380de66"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fb5a2ab52cbc942ce89ac96237380de66"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Parallel data import using OBS foreign tables</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_image12699145812714" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099480652.jpg"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_sefac40b4d2db4ab5a27cbdfc51db2e7e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Import Flowchart</h4><div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_fig10719036144652"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Parallel import procedure</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_image62935603144652" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001146480609.png"></span></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_t78ad0f0768c14d1da3f813541b886af1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Procedure description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_r705785553fa2471a871247c50b4bd03b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" id="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a6aa349646b344dbfb57897edfb69e35a">Procedure</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" id="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a00a12da2678142d797167570349347d6">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" id="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_ac11d3f9545c2409c8b25496687c299f8">Subtask</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_rf4c60154582c49858ca06ddf579a44ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_en-us_topic_0102849791_p95460810530">Upload data to OBS.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a29cb3e683e9d4bfa8b5d60d3285fad3e">Plan the storage path on the OBS server and upload data files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p19738057141549">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0184.html">Uploading Data to OBS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a1bea877d547b4ae2ae0b425eee370bd5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_r3a022a0a568740a8bfbfa1964aa40b63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a24d5d095cf824691b2b8b754280fcde3">Create an OBS foreign table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a6a5cd1397ce5467ca4ac541ed1fa2728">Create a foreign table to identify source data files on the OBS server. The OBS foreign table stores data source information, such as its bucket name, object name, file format, storage location, encoding format, and delimiter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p44687930144755">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0185.html">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p52151607153830">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_r03155b3773f142c1a14f6720aad4e917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_aebd5aa3f24684507961ac936ab3ca185">Import data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a96f31b087f56491196a54e2a6dbda956">After creating the foreign table, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0085031681_b842352706163840">INSERT</strong> statement to efficiently import data to the target tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p3726745144813">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0186.html">Importing Data</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p36637593104945">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_r3388f75b1bbe4b7f995e3bf233c10dee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_ab238a7afd0ae4ea4a60230b767daae83">Handle the table with import errors.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a7904192423774ad690853252f72ecc96">If errors occur during data import, handle them based on the displayed error information described in <a href="dws_04_0187.html">Handling Import Errors</a> to ensure data integrity.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a85cf1fff84964d35b14cfa7416ab867a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_r2db78628cc2f4ae386def94b4d41b451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_a612e77c7a0e247bf920f558eec44596a">Improve query efficiency.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_aaf7fd6d6dfb040ba804e4b9c8b5812d3">After data is imported, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b84235270618957">ANALYZE</strong> statement to generate table statistics. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706195230">ANALYZE</strong> statement stores the statistics in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001098971120_b842352706195225">PG_STATISTIC</strong> system catalog. When you run the plan generator, the statistics help you generate an efficient query execution plan.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_p66944847144927">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_ae74e7faff917453382fc0638491747e6"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0181.html">Importing Data from OBS in Parallel</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p6658556485819">In this example, OBS data is imported to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001145770851_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> databases. When users who have registered with the cloud platform access OBS using clients, call APIs, or SDKs, access keys (AK/SK) are required for user authentication. Therefore, if you want to connect to the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001145770851_ph10227315134119">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database through a client or a JDBC/ODBC application to access OBS, obtain the access keys (AK and SK) first.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_ul1924912504918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li324919503910">Access Key ID (AK): indicates the ID of the access key, which is a unique identifier used in conjunction with a Secret Access Key to sign requests cryptographically.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li2024915501098">Secret Access Key (SK): indicates the key used with its associated AK to cryptographically sign requests and identify request senders to prevent requests from being modified.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_section5520161143920"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p3666343285022">Before creating an AK/SK pair, ensure that your account (used to log in to the management console) has passed real-name authentication.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p20210260141658">To create an AK/SK pair on the management console, perform the following steps:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_ol1378340151457"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li1926620202717"><span>Log in to the GaussDB(DWS) management console.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li44902295103735"><span>Click the username in the upper right corner and choose <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__parmname17406601263"><b>My Credentials</b></span> from the drop-down list.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li31510716103735"><span>Select the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__parmname157571976268"><b>Access Keys</b></span> tab.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p42176964151631">If an access key already exists in the access key list, you can directly use it. However, you can view only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0106894675_b31479101273">Access Key ID</strong> in the access key list. You can download the key file containing the AK and SK only when adding an access key. If you do not have the key file, click <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0106894675_parmname1110131141016"><b>Create Access Key</b></span> to create one.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_note60890944151631"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_ul64657197390"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li771373513584">Each user can create a maximum of two valid access keys. If there are already two access keys, delete them and create one. To delete an access key, you need to enter the current login password and email address or SMS verification code. Deletion is successful only after the verification is passed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li4713735165818">To ensure account security, change your access keys periodically and keep them secure.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li15963139103735"><span>Click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0131286905_en-us_topic_0106894675_uicontrol32578776103735"><b>Add Access Key</b></span>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li63402814103735"><span>In the displayed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__b471132251412">Add Access Key</strong> dialog box, enter the password and its verification code and click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__uicontrol25085786152531"><b>OK</b></span>.</span><p><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_note1790440815254"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_ul2961135884248"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li2888205284248">If you have not bound an email address or a mobile number, enter only the login password.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li4682154884248">If you have bound an email address and a mobile phone number, you can use either of them for verification.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li47497488103735"><span>In the displayed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__b8337141612517">Download Access Key</strong> dialog box, click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__b5337316855">OK</strong> to save the access keys to your browser's default download path.</span><p><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_n84b9bf7ac1be42fba82f547d479acce8"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_ube15d574b9b2416dbf66e85eb780b925"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li502624288429">Keep the access keys secure to prevent them from being leaked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li1474521584157">If you click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__b163656325236">Cancel</strong> in the dialog box, the access keys will not be downloaded, and you cannot download them later. In this case, re-create access keys.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_li6611298715239"><span>Open the downloaded <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__b991215571326">credentials.csv</strong> file to obtain the access keys (AK and SK).</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_sdc9358e59c034ab2a09ee3440e8eca15"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p6708306417236">If you find that your AK/SK pair is abnormally used (for example, the AK/SK pair is lost or leaked) or will be no longer used, delete your AK/SK pair in the access key list or contact the administrator to reset your AK/SK pair.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_p26617896172311">When deleting the access keys, you need to enter the login password and either an email or mobile verification code.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_nb69015b098dd422b8da9f4afdf8fdc47"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146280507__en-us_topic_0000001083024861_en-us_topic_0106894675_a6871c0158d1944469d0e748916b1d8c6">Deleted AK/SK pairs cannot be restored.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0184.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0184.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Uploading Data to OBS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s4ab41050480e498e902ec36f2681e6c9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a8d86ee7075b14c6cbab25527f294edd5">Before importing data from OBS to a cluster, prepare source data files and upload these files to OBS. If the data files have been stored on OBS, you only need to complete <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l348f74692e3b4bfca287b6be74cfbed3">2</a> to <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l04595af7f12b4893b44195f2f3bc227a">3</a> in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s17a8a2c2b90743c18e649d3c777065df">Uploading Data to OBS</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s60ae92577e7b4d328d3a17a965691cd0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Preparing Data Files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a7cb3960df70645df830412b520e89ce8">Prepare source data files to be uploaded to OBS. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145650873_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports only source data files in CSV, TXT, ORC, or CarbonData format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a47f770fb1f024628864315a114ff66c1">If user data cannot be saved in CSV format, store the data as any text file.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_nbf770c6edc7c4cf4bbf9aad61310e2c5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_p8507155274014">According to <a href="dws_04_0182.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099480590__en-us_topic_0000001082926905_en-us_topic_0117407705_sefc365e1804e4606aafdeb3398080e73">How Data Is Imported</a>, when the source data file contains a large volume of data, evenly split the file into multiple files before storing it to OBS. The import performance is better when the number of files is an integer multiple of the DN quantity.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p141131024112016">Assume that you have stored the following three CSV files in OBS:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_ul1362563214337"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li1128168125611">Data file <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__filepath173766322176"><b>product_info.0</b></span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_p963113123569">The file contains the following data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_screen1650215324201"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XHDK</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1293</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">fJ3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">New</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Shirt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">328</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">715</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">good</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">205</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">KDKE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">9947</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">kL5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">New</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Knitwear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pink</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">584</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">406</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">very</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">good</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">JODL</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1937</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">pV7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">shirt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">men</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1245</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">502</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Bad</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">310</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">QQPX</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3956</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">aD8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jacket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">411</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">436</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">It</span><span class="s1">'s really super nice.</span>
+<span class="s1">150,ABEF-C-1820-#mC6,2017-09-03,B,2017 Autumn New Jeans Women,blue,M,1223,2017-09-06,1200,The seller'</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">packaging</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exquisite</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li898714135719">Data file <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__filepath424434914173"><b>product_info.1</b></span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_p74235135619">The file contains the following data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_screen46635557330"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">BCQP</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2365</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">qE4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">casual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pants</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">men</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">997</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">are</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">good</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quality</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EABE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1476</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">oB1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">841</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">299</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Follow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">108</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CDXK</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1527</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">pL2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">85</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">It</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">really</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amazing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buy</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">450</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MMCE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4728</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">nP9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jacket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">114</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Open</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">odor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">260</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OCDA</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">G</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2817</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">bD3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">woolen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2004</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">826</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Very</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">favorite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__li14876942201520">Data file <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__filepath2924145221717"><b>product_info.2</b></span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__p3877642111511">The file contains the following data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__screen3813183211616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="mi">980</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;ZKDS-J&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 Women's Cotton Clothing&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">112</span><span class="p">,,,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">98</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;FKQB-I&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 new shoes men&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4345</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5473</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;DMQY-K&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;A&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 pants men&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;37&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">58</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;good&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;good&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;good&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;GKLW-l&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;A&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 Jeans Men&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;39&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">58</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">72</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Very comfortable.&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;HWEC-L&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;A&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 shoes women&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">403</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">607</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;good!&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;IQPD-M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 new pants Women&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;very good.&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;LPEC-N&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 dress Women&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">47</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;not good at all.&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;NQAB-O&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 jacket women&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;S&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">69</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;It's beautiful.&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;HWNB-P&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;B&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 jacket women&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;L&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">55</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;I like it so much&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;JKHU-Q&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;C&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;2017 T-shirt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;M&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">82</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;very good.&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s17a8a2c2b90743c18e649d3c777065df"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s17a8a2c2b90743c18e649d3c777065df"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s17a8a2c2b90743c18e649d3c777065df"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Uploading Data to OBS</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_o6d8df37c439846f6908a37a9a10857b0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_li2027717715419"><span>Upload data to OBS.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_p179778114113">Store the source data files to be imported in the OBS bucket in advance.</p>
+<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_o476a5e5b07fe4541ab1953478fbd4929"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l024c42a907f2403195d3e2e1b4320433">Log in to the OBS management console.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a28713feace604f14b7a1cc0571daf013"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l024c42a907f2403195d3e2e1b4320433"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l024c42a907f2403195d3e2e1b4320433"></a>Click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__uicontrol16407468909104"><b>Service List</b></span> and choose <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__uicontrol16376139869104"><b>Object Storage Service</b></span> to open the OBS management console.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l3a36b8da7bb948e8ba80039e74320cef">Create a bucket.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a4c996bd6b8524b6aa19329b826d1347b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l3a36b8da7bb948e8ba80039e74320cef"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l3a36b8da7bb948e8ba80039e74320cef"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_ph192494619398">For details about how to create an OBS bucket, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Buckets &gt; Creating a Bucket" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i19504131814018">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>..</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a72fe63ccbac94a8f97feda51458a2f79">For example, create two buckets named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145650873_b84235270617142">mybucket</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145650873_b84235270617138">mybucket02</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l13b4b7608ad64ed1a79a4368da45bbeb">Create a folder.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a977d053dab444f33927cd9d9ef1d8244"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l13b4b7608ad64ed1a79a4368da45bbeb"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l13b4b7608ad64ed1a79a4368da45bbeb"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_ph7451191954012">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Objects &gt; Creating a Folder" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i847821244">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a7abb9511601b4be7b3fc1ecbda11bbbc">For example:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_ub89ac3dd3a784059b364f81142944001"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_lb7292b7b74d6477a826c1c58c0575c0a">Create a folder named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b13903491129104">input_data</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b10144793029104">mybucket</strong> OBS bucket.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l5bd9fb357ac7429b9d2e19329381294d">Create a folder named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b4012785169104">input_data</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b1183230129104">mybucket02</strong> OBS bucket.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l50e443933bcf448087826bad2d3f45ab">Upload the files.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a7da39d186ed54a22869f4b1f9354e8c9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l50e443933bcf448087826bad2d3f45ab"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l50e443933bcf448087826bad2d3f45ab"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_ph76344913415">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Objects &gt; Uploading a File" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i1771814571116">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>..</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a1845812698a844d78c5ec5ed62b3fd62">For example:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_u0361d8aca29b4c838815ad01148e3a6b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_ldaf49f3e1cc340d69cba009e07c42bc3">Upload the following data files to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b16322687869104">input_data</strong> folder in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b945411659104">mybucket</strong> OBS bucket:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s6876cbd8c7274f56a9fb6e73d33ed3f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l407ff6ab324142d8aa4f1351d9900871">Upload the following data file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b9045249309104">input_data</strong> folder in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b4088945179104">mybucket02</strong> OBS bucket:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s9110fe97551f4dea97566c41b33bbda7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l348f74692e3b4bfca287b6be74cfbed3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l348f74692e3b4bfca287b6be74cfbed3"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l348f74692e3b4bfca287b6be74cfbed3"></a><span>Obtain the OBS path for storing source data files.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a5f747825f8834eeb88f543b35dd2ae44">After the source data files are uploaded to an OBS bucket, a globally unique access path is generated. The OBS path of the source data files is the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001145650873_b31792374576">location</strong> parameter used for creating a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_p16290144214342">The OBS path in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b1438143175216">location</strong> parameter is in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__b1038420319520">obs://</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i1838453119525">bucket_name</em>/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i1438519313525">file_path</em>/</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a04224eabab43467ea91eb44983953a5a">For example, the OBS paths are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_s5bb4d2e12622477aab5a86007d47f22d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">mybucket</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">input_data</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">mybucket</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">input_data</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">mybucket02</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">input_data</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l04595af7f12b4893b44195f2f3bc227a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l04595af7f12b4893b44195f2f3bc227a"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_l04595af7f12b4893b44195f2f3bc227a"></a><span>Grant the OBS bucket read permission for the user who will import data.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a27991c78c1384ba39529aa9c011785f8">When importing data from OBS to a cluster, the user must have the read permission for the OBS buckets where the source data files are located. You can configure the ACL for the OBS buckets to grant the read permission to a specific user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_en-us_topic_0117407656_a437f66661b454a89b4c9d3d525b487a9"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__en-us_topic_0000001082926859_ph363954012283">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Permission Control &gt; Configuring a Bucket ACL" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146160595__i476931117156">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0185.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0185.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_section18973125145233"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ol35241321145117"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li4896932145117"><span>Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b300637721205131">location</strong> of the foreign table based on the path planned in <a href="dws_04_0184.html">Uploading Data to OBS</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li1959191381510"><span>Obtain the access keys (AK and SK) to access OBS. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_ph223815664216">To obtain access keys, log in to the management console, click the username in the upper right corner, and select <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b1961112435465">My Credentials</strong> from the menu. Then choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b155812120479">Access Keys</strong> in the navigation tree on the left. On the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b0947181719476">Access Keys</strong> page, you can view the existing AKs or click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b1266915199485">Add Access Key</strong> to create an AK/SK pair.</span></span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li17114191619574"><span>Set data format parameters for the foreign table based on the formats of data to be imported. You need to collect the following source data information:</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_ul139051349226"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li48563411836"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270620558">format</strong>: format of the source data file in the foreign table. OBS foreign tables support CSV and TEXT formats. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b16236358131015">TEXT</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li159055491925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b9336195941415">header</strong>: Whether the data file contains a table header. Only CSV files can have headers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li16516134411511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b18860125319121">delimiter</strong>: Delimiter specified to separate data fields in a file. If no delimiter is specified, the default one will be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li792155010295">For more parameters used for foreign tables, see data format parameters.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li157481616912"><span>Plan the error tolerance of parallel import to specify how errors are handled during the import.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_ul9238152319136"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li86291732056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b139023071615">fill_missing_fields</strong>: When the last column in a row of the source data file is empty, this parameter specifies whether to report an error or set this field in the row to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b5911304164">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li36291632355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b191441935131616">ignore_extra_data</strong>: When the number of columns in the source data file is greater than that specified in the foreign table, this parameter specifies whether to report an error or ignore the extra columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li862913322057"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b610194251610">per node reject limit</strong>: This parameter specifies the number of data format errors allowed on each DN. If the number of errors recorded in the error table on a DN exceeds the specified value, the import fails and an error message will be reported. This parameter is optional.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li76292321855"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b15362551141616">compatible_illegal_chars</strong>: When an illegal character is encountered, this parameter specifies whether to import an error, or convert it and proceed with the import.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0059778310_p13442883102042">The following describes the rules for converting an invalid character:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_ul693854213329"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li1565715409325"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b948934019179">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li1965714073218">Other invalid characters are converted to question marks (?).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li2673124063212">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b2616124414179">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b1261774416172">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b861918444173">QUOTE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b19620744201718">ESCAPE</strong> is also set to a space or question mark, an error message such as "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" is displayed, prompting you to modify parameter settings that may cause import errors.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0059778310_li2281964215045"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b1631154201810">error_table_name</strong>: This parameter specifies the name of the table that records data format errors. After the parallel import, you can query this table for error details.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_li17679880154">For details about the parameters, see error tolerance parameters.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li63392893151251"><span>Create an OBS table based on the parameter settings in the preceding steps. For details about how to create a foreign table, see CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export).</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_section1666367315324"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_p758024815324">Create a foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_ph14619143164215">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database. Parameters are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ul4387289615324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li6015991215324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b8797814117">Data format parameter access keys (AK and SK)</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ul4111471015324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li3448807815324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b13487416441">access_key</strong> to the AK you have obtained.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li4207096515324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b4162118440">secret_access_key</strong> to the SK you have obtained.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_note5230496715324"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_a6cfc61fff8214256b92f9a530bfe162d">The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706181715">access_key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706181721">secret_access_key</strong> are examples only.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ul884395015324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li1248669315324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b192931013416">Set data format parameters.</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ul478922215324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li4310300215324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b1092619323817">format</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b89263320386">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li168228715324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b13670630689528">encoding</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b4763077719528">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li204754415324">Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b1465438829528">encrypt</strong>. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__b9811766889528">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li3163337415324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_en-us_topic_0067789874_en-us_topic_0064722285_b84235270616570">delimiter</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_en-us_topic_0067789874_en-us_topic_0064722285_b84235270616572">,</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li1216647215324">Retain the default value (double quotation marks) of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270616825">quote</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li5977450915324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706144441">null</strong> (null value in a source data file) to a null string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li2603673115324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706144511">header</strong> (whether the exported data file contains the header row) to the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706144825">false</strong>. If the first row of the data file is not a header, retain the default value.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_note43241561298"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_p5324106699">When exporting data from OBS, this parameter cannot be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b751845051113">true</strong>. Use the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b106776531218">false</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li3493670915324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b5108145112337">Set fault-tolerant parameters for data import.</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_ul1130116915324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li3460165715324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706145555">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706145612">'unlimited'</strong>, indicating that all data format errors detected during data import are allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li6388075015324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706145756">LOG INTO</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270614586">product_info_err</strong>, indicating that the data format errors detected during data import are recorded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b426610138145823">product_info_err</strong> table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li1938289315324">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b106921052415130">fill_missing_fields</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b842352706152217">true</strong> and the last column of a data row in a source data file is lost, the column is replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270693653">NULL</strong> and no error message will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_li4364586715324">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270615425">ignore_extra_data</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001145491115_b84235270615429">true</strong> and the number of columns of the source data file is greater than that defined for the foreign table, the extra columns at the end of the row are ignored and no error message will be generated.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_p297362615324">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table is created using the following statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_screen2676263915324"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://mybucket/input_data/product_info | obs://mybucket02/input_data/product_info'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">header</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'false'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">fill_missing_fields</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ignore_extra_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_err</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unlimited'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_p3332873115324">If the following information is displayed, the foreign table has been created:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146480559__en-us_topic_0000001082830787_en-us_topic_0117443367_screen3152312415324"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0186.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0186.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0186.html
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_section7197641152126"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_p24104669152116">Before importing data, you are advised to optimize your design and deployment based on the following excellent practices, helping maximize system resource utilization and improving data import performance.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_ul60056964152220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_li3641772152220">In most cases, OBS data import performance is limited by concurrent network access rate. Therefore, you are advised to deploy multiple buckets on the OBS server to import data in parallel from buckets, better utilizing DN data transfer.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_ul32775952152220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_li26548112152220">Similar to the single table import, ensure that the I/O performance is greater than the maximum network throughput in the concurrent import.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_ul34666403152220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_li43562172152220">Set GUC parameters <a href="dws_04_0899.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__sd65ae1e8226f4611819e91ce8b6a35fb">raise_errors_if_no_files</a>, <a href="dws_04_0899.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s9d2ce4e6e9ea4f6a8a8df3e3a7ddadd8">partition_mem_batch</a>, and <a href="dws_04_0899.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s004b2931955e4e549caeb98b2f2723af">partition_max_cache_size</a>. When importing data, specify whether to distinguish between the following two cases: no records exist in the data file or the data file does not exist. You also need to specify the number of caches and the size of data buffers.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_ul56515233152220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_li38875049152220">If a table has an index, the index information is incrementally updated during the import, affecting data import performance. You are advised to delete the index from the target table before the import. You can create index again after the import is complete.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_section56367924141427"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_ol59612413141623"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_li64341459141623"><span>Create a table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001098971160_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to store the data imported from the OBS. For details about the syntax, see CREATE TABLE.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_p18350666442">The structure of the table must be consistent with that of the fields in the source data file. That is, the number of fields and field types must be the same. In addition, the structure of the target table must be the same as that of the foreign table. The field names can be different.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_l5fa55bddf3a94bca8440f9d0e8f65059"><span>(Optional) If the target table has an index, the index information is incrementally updated during the import, affecting data import performance. You are advised to delete the index from the target table before the import. You can create index again after the import is complete.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_lcf943e9ba6884253b8861a700f53eae9"><span>Import data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_sf288fa132d354881891b8c1aed886882"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_u16a187757057417589b06bab40d3c00d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_l573678319b484a55b263956ebc977c6e">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been imported. Query the error information table to check whether any data format errors occurred. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0187.html">Handling Import Errors</a>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_s94af2c28f6a84fcaae4451dc06657b2c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_en-us_topic_0067790278_la6b00880731648a88f9cb12fefbdb4ae">If data fails to be loaded, rectify the problem by following the instructions provided in <a href="dws_04_0187.html">Handling Import Errors</a> and try again.</li></ul>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_section104661228154210"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_p1258336441">For example, create a table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001098971160_i842352697171046">product_info</em>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_screen17865118123918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">middle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_p715603221517">Run the following statement to import data from the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001098971160_i842352697171154">product_info</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001098971160_b84235270694545">_ext</strong> foreign table to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001098971160_i842352697171212">product_info</em> table:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099320774__en-us_topic_0000001082831121_en-us_topic_0117443368_en-us_topic_0103485416_en-us_topic_0093152947_screen15576104710154"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Handling Import Errors</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_s5bc517f6771b4e53b45ed36b7d50db7d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_aa4eaf086ec2a4671b94bfeae72fa080a">Handle errors that occurred during data import.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_s7ab6ff0b3b9342d1a61466eba3b252b8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Querying Error Information</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a78fc965682af467b876181e3c604c8fa">Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_u837546339f704b56a8b8ea8b0053b1ec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_l1f3b669fb2c44ed39e8a106c02725e1b">Data format error<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a68b28d318fa540468e2ea37e9e8e97f0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_l1f3b669fb2c44ed39e8a106c02725e1b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_l1f3b669fb2c44ed39e8a106c02725e1b"></a>When creating a foreign table, specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b89481633121015">LOG INTO</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_i8243204021016">error_table_name</em>. Data format errors occurring during the data import will be written into the specified table. You can run the following SQL statement to query error details:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_sf655f233cd03465dae36d86452a6a4e1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">error_table_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ad038cfd03755475eb5d04ad5532c4188"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_taed071c5571f4f9a834bdacaf251bac5">Table 1</a> lists the columns of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__b19327192325517">error_table_name</strong> table.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_taed071c5571f4f9a834bdacaf251bac5"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_taed071c5571f4f9a834bdacaf251bac5"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_taed071c5571f4f9a834bdacaf251bac5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Columns of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__b96933306557">error_table_name</strong> table</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ra70e13325bd84266a5b2385c674cd711"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a7986653efd2040059c2ac570076b0917">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_acadba2f2cf0847918ae7844ca6b7c8b7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a5979bfe3f2be4899b9dd96980409978e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_r7478cf6bc54a4c57881142746076bd5a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ac169149074514ceeaa4aba73a19ca020">nodeid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a3708ed7e91d641379904285d13124e86">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ab031bdc41849499b86b0512bfe93f1bb">ID of the node where an error is reported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_r26b3cbdf5751475ca4e1cc197eac600b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a0f221cf702cb4e8da8c4c876b9511c2f">begintime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a92bb9dba3d5f44d18af98a9d87fbafec">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_af766558626e4419db512929027bbf7e6">Time when a data format error is reported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_rddf476c430c4461694dcd788218ba172"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a76e2467afba3429888585b18bae39db8">filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a75d1ea54fece4a23b8d9d5a1f60d2fc0">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a8f0ca597acb64bb4a69af1c1c1451014">Name of the source data file where an error about data format occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_rb5970acdf622437497bea40c7f57b26d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_af032531416fb4bf68a7c733b5a36d12a">rownum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_aa25f0fc487fc4d79a20020c0ce5dace2">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_afc47c8fb3a004ffa9769d7f0e7a7da95">Number of the row where an error occurs in a source data file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_rb5eb7002810e49c5b75d1014c2489124"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a566c51c173eb482abde2ed614536296c">rawrecord</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a3f09cb9f78f748deabc5135420b8b7d4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a366ccbaa40b2427f8e073e9253c50c13">Raw record of the data format error in the source data file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_r1400903fda304bb78340b44a6f13f01c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a57e53a2c8c5a4ffa92d214ece0eae9af">detail</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_a29a968f32327444ab285f44509145e73">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_af634b77308454f708e7822dcf6a04136">Error details</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_udb2b3d55ad9a4ab0b849b0090b42dcb0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_lf19c6ff9262a4acf9d2c6532554300df">Non-data format error<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ac0b7b550b0d440a9a883ec1b06b95255"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_lf19c6ff9262a4acf9d2c6532554300df"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_lf19c6ff9262a4acf9d2c6532554300df"></a>A non-data format error leads to the failure of an entire data import task. You can locate and troubleshoot a non-data format error based on the error message displayed during data import.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_sde26d311bd8d4620916fb0c82f378512"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Handling data import errors</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ab20a60888f73485b8c2daddc1f9ad3f3">Troubleshoot data import errors based on obtained error information and the description in the following table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_table41091116175519" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Handling data import errors</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row0113316105513"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p211416163551">Error Information</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p19115171685520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0100738203_en-us_topic_0087194649_a7594b9c861bd4cdeaf7578acc1b1e4da">Cause</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p144017275544">Solution</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row51178162558"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p2118316125512">missing data for column "r_reason_desc"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ol18632134115545"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li96321241195411">The number of columns in the source data file is less than that in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li20357448135411">In a TEXT format source data file, an escape character (for example, \) leads to delimiter or quote mislocation.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p18126141625514"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li20357448135411"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li20357448135411"></a>Example: The target table contains three columns as shown in the following command output. The escape character (\) converts the delimiter (|) into the value of the second column, causing loss of the value of the third column.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_screen20128191613554">BE|Belgium\|1</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ol176431630185520"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li15980262569">If an error is reported due to missing columns, perform the following operations:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ul12312111355618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li73123133568">Add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0058967664_b842352706162530">r_reason_desc</strong> column to the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li15208516195614">When creating a foreign table, set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b842352706162549">fill_missing_fields</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b842352706162552">on</strong>. In this way, if the last column of a row in the source data file is missing, it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b842352706184352">NULL</strong> and no error will be reported.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li135761559195518">Check whether the row where an error occurred contains the escape character (\). If the row contains such a character, you are advised to set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b842352706162910">noescaping</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b842352706162827">true</strong> when creating a foreign table, indicating that the escape character (\) and the characters following it are not escaped.</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row19133121613554"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p121343162551">extra data after last expected column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p1713631618559">The number of columns in the source data file is greater than that in the foreign table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ul281493110581"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li12815123113581">Delete the unnecessary columns from the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li7816173135820">When creating a foreign table, set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__b93895769">ignore_extra_data</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__b1385638635">on</strong>. In this way, if the number of columns in a source data file is greater than that in the foreign table, the extra columns at the end of rows will not be imported.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row191411716155520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p1614251614556">invalid input syntax for type numeric: "a"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p7143101616554">The data type is incorrect.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_p8876141213334">In the source data file, change the data type of the columns to be imported. If this error information is displayed, change the data type to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b84235270615839">numeric</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row1414517168550"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p201461316105514">null value in column "staff_id" violates not-null constraint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p214716161550">The not-null constraint is violated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p101481616145511"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_p15281911103315">In the source data file, add values to the specified columns. If this error information is displayed, add values to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b84235270619217">staff_id</strong> column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row91497166551"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p191508162559">duplicate key value violates unique constraint "reg_id_pk"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p8152916105514">The unique constraint is violated.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_ul88724019590"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li58834045916">Delete the duplicate rows from the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_li08918403599">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b148901641153120">SELECT</strong> statement with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001145650931_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_b168901041143117">DISTINCT</strong> keyword to ensure that all imported rows are unique.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_screen29084012599"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_row7159216135515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p11631116155519">value too long for type character varying(16)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_en-us_topic_0117407722_p1316417167558">The column length exceeds the upper limit.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099640590__en-us_topic_0000001083024521_en-us_topic_0125636397_en-us_topic_0125634746_p1732851553315">In the source data file, change the column length. If this error information is displayed, reduce the column length to no greater than 16 bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0154.html">Importing CSV/TXT Data from the OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0189.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0189.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895027"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895027"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0190.html">Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0192.html">Preparing Source Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0193.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0194.html">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0195.html">Importing Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0197.html">Stopping GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0198.html">Example of Importing Data Using GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0190.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0190.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data In Parallel Using GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p14591548175315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b42744915911">INSERT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b82719493915">COPY</strong> statements are serially executed to import a small volume of data. To import a large volume of data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text445408939">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you can use GDS to import data in parallel using a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p877219818236">In the current GDS version, you can import data to databases from pipe files.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul1773711507206"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1743110228237">If the local disk space of the GDS user is insufficient:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul2425112912316"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li97371350132010">Data in HDFS can be directly written to a pipe file without occupying extra disk space.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1260010253232">If you need to cleanse data before importing data:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul1530984192310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li81881239152312">You can compile a program as needed and write the data to be processed into a pipe file.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__note659914514569"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul2058214284424"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li65827285425">The current version does not support data import through GDS in SSL mode. Do not use GDS in SSL mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1458214286429">All pipe files mentioned in this section refer to named pipes on Linux.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__s613b6bcff6ac43fd90c59471ce1385cb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overview</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p1358114671311">You can import data in parallel from the common file system (excluding HDFS) of a server to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text87605763">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p672331315551">Data files to be imported are specified based on the import policy and data formats set in a foreign table. Data is imported in parallel through multiple DNs from source data files to the database, which improves the overall data import performance. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fc07608abaf6e4b509fbbfe774a8a548e">Figure 1</a> shows an example.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul318614117330"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ld944543d06794b2da1760ac5d107aebe">The CN only plans data import tasks and delivers the tasks to DNs. Then the CN is released to process other tasks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__en-us_topic_0085031681_li52315236312">In this way, the computing capability and bandwidth of all the DNs are fully leveraged to improve the data import performance.</li></ul>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p369661452718">You can pre-process data, such as replacing invalid characters and processing fault tolerance, by configuring parameters in a foreign table.<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fc07608abaf6e4b509fbbfe774a8a548e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fc07608abaf6e4b509fbbfe774a8a548e"></a><a name="fc07608abaf6e4b509fbbfe774a8a548e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Importing data in parallel</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__image1814001482219" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135208.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p116415554912">The concepts mentioned in the preceding figure are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul245452019502"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li204541120145012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b971674618817">CN</strong>: Coordinator of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text1089491752">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. After receiving import SQL requests from an application or client, the CN plans import tasks and delivers the tasks to DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li4694144382510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b43231732153310">DN</strong>: Datanode of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text1040010907">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. After receiving the import tasks delivered by the CN, DNs import data from the source data file to the target table in the database using a foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1547012012506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b1838372143515">Source data file</strong>: a file that stores data to be imported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li14508171292716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__en-us_topic_0117407668_a71a5ece9269e4f94af8e3e38ee110ec2">Data server</strong>: a server that stores source data files. For security purposes, it is recommended that the data server and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text555682266">GaussDB(DWS)</span> be on the same intranet.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1845416205506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b207767585146">Foreign table</strong>: a table that stores information of a source data file, such as location, format, destination location, encoding format, and data delimiter. It is used to associate source data files with the target table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li3691339162510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b1069871419439">Target table</strong>: a table in the database. It can be a row-store table or column-store table. Data in the source data files will be imported to this table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__section112845417375"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parallel Import Using GDS</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul12456145312357"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li1145625311358">If a large volume of data is stored on multiple servers, install, configure, and start GDS on each server. Then, data on all the servers can be imported in parallel, as shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fig208886410250">Figure 2</a>.<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fig208886410250"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__fig208886410250"></a><a name="fig208886410250"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Parallel import from multiple data servers</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__image7717811181817" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815222.png"></span></div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__n09b4ca4060cc455abcfbd4fc9d7f401c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p337117135415">The number of GDS processes cannot exceed that of DNs. If multiple GDS processes are connected to one DN, some of the processes may become abnormal.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li134563536356">If data is stored on one data server and both <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__text816071258">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and the data server have available I/O resources, you can use GDS for multi-thread concurrent import.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p593795312384">GDS determines the number of threads based on the number of concurrent import transactions. That is, even if multi-thread import is configured before GDS startup, the import of a single transaction will not be accelerated. By default, an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b14914115805116">INSERT</strong> statement is an import transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p11122193020019">Multi-thread concurrent import enables you to:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ul10778164417013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li5903400018">Fully use resources and improve the concurrent import efficiency when you import multiple tables to the database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li4874153651017">Speed up the import of a table with a large volume of data.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__p9608737201010"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__li4874153651017"></a><a name="li4874153651017"></a>Table data is split into multiple data files, and multi-thread concurrent import is implemented by importing data using multiple foreign tables at the same time. Ensure that a data file can be read only by one foreign table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__sc6930ad8b9174c1494c30576cd8a0aec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Import Process</h4><div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__f532a0a73f91f474789e53b856d4b6411"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>Concurrent import process using GDS</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ib5bdd9927ce74663ad08b8bb4928366b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895199.png"></span></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__t121408f06a794a468a720e71bbfadbfa" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Process description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__rd0a76376a163440dbbf4facbdbd1de52"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ad28977dc3c014a49a0b79e1c35a0a454">Process</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a8dd67e66796e454891ed4a3be7b4e4de">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__rb34472e732fd4860aa8237f11f08d0da"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__aa58fa7b828b946d4a052cca7cd9e8327">Prepare source data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a3f95c86bd74b4557896053e11f293df5">Prepare the source data files to be imported to the database and upload the files to the data server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a0b6d8dc99c8f40b997faaf390335fc7d">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0192.html">Preparing Source Data</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__r3f9c9c16abf94615a6e394303a269ce8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__en-us_topic_0117407659_p898372992419">Start GDS.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a426509d949c74f2a890abc5153c4b9b0">Install, configure, and start GDS on the data server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a6bfdf0b7f0fb43028d84b7b11cbe7da4">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0193.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__r3c02acb999c842e29c4e2f0fc4475d5d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__adbf12c198b044dc9aa6fad2bc3b34851">Create a foreign table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ae8b9fcaae7a44ed387d8a60a843a21f0">A foreign table is used to identify source files. The foreign table stores information of a source data file, such as location, format, destination location, encoding format, and data delimiter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__aab33fd7490064dfdaf6309a0ece547a3">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0194.html">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__rce72db3e8abf462bb465879efa54ea57"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a50f6120ccd4e4015ac3aa8d07c576c4d">Import data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__ae482a8f3e78e4e30bff07c3983358b69">After creating the foreign table, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b842352706163840">INSERT</strong> statement to quickly import data to the target table. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0195.html">Importing Data</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__re46272df86b847eea88b6aa99a9431fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a26cc6738d3b34bc98fc4dc264641af87">Handle import errors.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a5348668ef7a44bcea9ccc1a2ae34a50d">If errors occur during parallel data import, handle errors based on the error information to ensure data integrity.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a80bbf913f4ea42369b62c7df7f761ca5">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__r69ad5674ec014a17bf117024ee19f287"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a36cb2e568d724b22a80b7c206ee3ba07">Improve query efficiency.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a44a8d6da836243f7a3c8f33cdcb53a02">After data is imported, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b84235270618957">ANALYZE</strong> statement to generate table statistics. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b842352706195230">ANALYZE</strong> statement stores the statistics in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__b842352706195225">PG_STATISTIC</strong> system catalog. When you run the plan generator, the statistics help you generate an efficient query execution plan.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__re13f60434e1b44ab8ae8d5759c075e51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a3ee415a413cf4b968edfff0149fd5804">Stop GDS.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a04e73b8467104de383a92b36fea96904">After data is imported, log in to each data server and stop GDS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134954__a75a764020044430181444e153852a77b">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0197.html">Stopping GDS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0192.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0192.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0326c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0192.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Preparing Source Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__s1b602d13fb7444979d12f49330a4ad87"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenario</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__p81109202911">Generally, the data to be imported has been uploaded to the data server. In this case, you only need to check the communication between the data server and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__text269702335">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, and record the data storage directory on the data server before the import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__ac82fc11acf9c478781a5a59ec0ce1d15">If the data has not been uploaded to the data server, perform the following operations to upload it:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__s73df3a1b8eb443c18167cc89c7a91fb1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__ol1487316353219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__li187313520216"><span>Log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__b251973">root</strong>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__li88731535327"><span>Create the directory <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__b84235270610408">/input_data</strong>.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__screen1287320351329"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__b168731635322">mkdir -p</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__i19873035624">/input_data</em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__li158733351422"><span>Upload the source data files to the created directory.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974686__p924243561412">GDS parallel import supports source data only in CSV or TEXT format.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0193.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0193.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5375598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0193.html
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__s270612443421457abfb2f038846c8c5f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenario</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p090613618131"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text1856068094">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses GDS to allocate the source data for parallel data import. Deploy GDS on the data server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p11264113017269">If a large volume of data is stored on multiple data servers, install, configure, and start GDS on each server. Then, data on all the servers can be imported in parallel. The procedure for installing, configuring, and starting GDS is the same on each data server. This section describes how to perform this procedure on one data server.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__s929eec5e14084da99aa7906f53ed4f89"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ol16238142621211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li1623910264128">The GDS version must match the cluster version. For example, GDS V100R008C00 matches DWS 1.3.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i514010371396">X</em>. Otherwise, the import or export may fail, or the import or export process may fail to respond.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p366193215710">Therefore, use the latest version of GDS. After the database is upgraded, download the latest version of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text2107851618">GaussDB(DWS)</span> GDS as instructed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__se2a774b311864348a516131937610513">Procedure</a>. When the import or export starts, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text1390963698">GaussDB(DWS)</span> checks the GDS versions. If the versions do not match, an error message is displayed and the import or export is terminated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p762384374118">To obtain the version number of GDS, run the following command in the GDS decompression directory:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen1875310184311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b131114277435">gds</strong> -V</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p1016218532493">To view the database version, run the following SQL statement after connecting to the database:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen115061635211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__se2a774b311864348a516131937610513"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__se2a774b311864348a516131937610513"></a><a name="se2a774b311864348a516131937610513"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__o213c59f9072d48fd905ceb73687c4f2b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_li970591810219"><span>For details about how to import or export data using GDS, see "Tutorial: Using GDS to Import Data &gt; Step 1: Preparing an ECS as the GDS Server" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i07181742121614">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l242cf61617ff44ffbcfa868e55b91d88"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l242cf61617ff44ffbcfa868e55b91d88"></a><a name="l242cf61617ff44ffbcfa868e55b91d88"></a><span>Log in as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b191397561942">root</strong> to the data server where GDS is to be installed and run the following command to create the directory for storing the GDS package:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__s58ae87fad6d045b1a5f9546c58e6c912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__aae0c14df172e45dbb802cd19ea14559e">mkdir -p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_en-us_topic_0117407708_ad72482db75884492bfc4a099330d9db7">/opt/bin/dws</em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li17170131917913"><span>Upload the GDS package to the created directory.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p1378019206920">Use the SUSE Linux package as an example. Upload the GDS package <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b2088479151911"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b15884198193">dws_client_8.1.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i688412916195">x</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b78841917194">_suse_x64.zip</strong> to the directory created in the previous step.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li16883354813"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li16883354813"></a><a name="li16883354813"></a><span>(Optional) If SSL is used, upload the SSL certificates to the directory created in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l242cf61617ff44ffbcfa868e55b91d88">2</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ld8bed05b353f406880669fe49e1e7b64"><span>Go to the directory and decompress the package.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__s247e3cb84fe747dab5432e40bad96c2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ae4592ad74b8f458298ba5455631fa193">cd<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i19453101245115"> </em></strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1941214774616">/opt/bin/dws</em>
+<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1073014140224">unzip dws_client_8.1.x_suse_x64.zip</em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__le097b7d9742d44e0bb3e053909abf995"><span>Create a GDS user and the user group to which the user belongs. This user is used to start GDS and read source data.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__s87cd50a7bf9e4c5ea82dbe07cb685e25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0117407708_b2851994648">groupadd</strong> gdsgrp
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a299d862a8c414cfab5aac6c22cbc23e1">useradd -g</strong> gdsgrp gds_user</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l49ccb26244d446e8991ddb3c32dc0cac"><span>Change the owner of the GDS package directory and source data file directory to the GDS user.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__sd38e3e3e6a5a4e1092580559a1337f0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a6d99c661be8140bfbe0b3eab523e267e">chown -R </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a96562d1acfb1463e9196cc9d2f217b9a">gds_user:gdsgrp </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_en-us_topic_0117407708_i3077079994810">/opt/bin/dws/gds</em>
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0117407704_b542515095412">chown -R </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a826a8efb3bba43eca47dd0aa55379f87">gds_user:gdsgrp </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0117407704_i472181201076">/input_data </em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li175611031175618"><span>Switch to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b101041119141">gds_user</strong>.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen4561193113566"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1056217312560">su -</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i8562183185618">gds_user</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p1135991195919">If the current cluster version is 8.0.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1293615525255">x</em> or earlier, skip <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li14421575388">9</a> and go to <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li22515537437">10</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p1439316819">If the current cluster version is 8.1.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1529217495414">x</em>, go to the next step.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li14421575388"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li14421575388"></a><a name="li14421575388"></a><span>Execute the script on which the environment depends (applicable only to 8.1.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i9210155122717">x</em>).</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen166571749113911">cd /opt/bin/dws/gds/bin
+source gds_env</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li22515537437"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li22515537437"></a><a name="li22515537437"></a><span>Start GDS.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p19261863505">GDS is green software and can be started after being decompressed. There are two ways to start GDS. One is to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1707121102811">gds</strong> command to configure startup parameters. The other is to write the startup parameters into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b277151632815">gds.conf</strong> configuration file and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b677721682817">gds_ctl.py</strong> command to start GDS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p14392195934313">The first method is recommended when you do not need to import data again. The second method is recommended when you need to import data regularly.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ul195484314543"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li17545431105416">Method 1: Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1990812236324">gds</strong> command to start GDS.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ul185441831165418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li2543631185418">If data is transmitted in non-SSL mode, run the following command to start GDS:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen145431831105412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b554343118547">gds -d</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i4543143116548"> dir </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b554383110546">-p</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i195431931185413"> ip:port </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b954383111542">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i17543183115548"> </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i45439313549">address_string</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1154313125415">-l</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i854318313548"> log_file </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b15543143119544">-D </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b157821057269">-t</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1938416132710">worker_num</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p116451418511">Example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen156421475119">
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b45436313548">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i11543831195410">/input_data/</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b19543131115413">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i154363110545">192.168.0.90:5000</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b1543153165413">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i95431331175411"> 10.10.0.1/24</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b954311312540">-l</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i105434317544">/opt/bin/dws/gds/gds_log.txt</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b155431031155415">-D</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b198572315269">-t</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i662692819269"> 2</em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li254443135419">If data is transmitted in SSL mode, run the following command to start GDS:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen854410311542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1044214716296">gds -d</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i94429722912"> dir </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b134420722913">-p</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i11442167112918"> ip:port </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1244215782916">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i3442187152919"> </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i144210752914">address_string</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1844220710291">-l</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i14422792915"> log_file </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b12442774296">-D</strong> 
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b7439124032610">-t</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1645444022615"> worker_num</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b142787152919"> </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b155446316544">--enable-ssl --ssl-dir </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1354473120546">Cert_file</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p125441831175415">Example:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p175441631105419">Run the following command to upload the SSL certificate mentioned in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li16883354813">4</a> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b176859449223">/opt/bin</strong>:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen85441231145411">
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b135442031135415">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i6544133105417">/input_data/</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b55441531125419">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i2544113119544">192.168.0.90:5000</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b754443185416">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i1544103118542"> 10.10.0.1/24</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b1254453145416">-l</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i45442031115413">/opt/bin/dws/gds/gds_log.txt</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b12544133115544">-D</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_b054418314549">--enable-ssl --ssl-dir </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0125634743_i6544163125419">/opt/bin/</em></pre>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p654493110547">Replace the information in italic as required.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ul1545193111540"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li8544531145418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b14531536173619">-d</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i175311364365"> dir</em>: directory for storing data files that contain data to be imported. This tutorial uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b189366987392354">/input_data/</strong> as an example.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li165451631195418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b18189154185514">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i20500124213557">ip:port</em>: listening IP address and port for GDS. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1565476204418">127.0.0.1</strong>. Replace it with the IP address of a 10GE network that can communicate with <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text1051910946">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The port number ranges from 1024 to 65535. The default port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b81731895292354">8098</strong>. This tutorial uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b110826689892354">192.168.0.90:5000</strong> as an example.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li854533110544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1018815567554">-H </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i9988756175516">address_string</em>: specifies the hosts that are allowed to connect to and use GDS. The value must be in CIDR format. Configure this parameter to enable a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text642231359">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster to access GDS for data import. Ensure that the network segment covers all hosts in a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text93144348">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li18545143185415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b461319510564">-l </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i87640615614">log_file</em>: GDS log directory and log file name. This tutorial uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1747013511792">/opt/bin</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b124701151499">/dws</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b44701518917">/gds/gds_log.txt</strong> as an example.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li254533115543"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0122329961_b87236317355">-D</strong>: GDS in daemon mode. This parameter is used only in Linux.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li20481737101317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b985215922518">-t </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1469519617268">worker_num</em>: number of concurrent GDS threads. If the data server and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__text1139326585">GaussDB(DWS)</span> have available I/O resources, you can increase the number of concurrent GDS threads.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p76318380132">GDS determines the number of threads based on the number of concurrent import transactions. Even if multi-thread import is configured before GDS startup, the import of a single transaction will not be accelerated. By default, an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b38873534389">INSERT</strong> statement is an import transaction.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li19545173155416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0122329961_b731614209186">--enable-ssl</strong>: enables SSL for data transmission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li654573145414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b16806233529">--ssl-dir </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i08071331224">Cert_file</em>: SSL certificate directory. Set this parameter to the certificate directory in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li16883354813">4</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li1945162221114">For details about GDS parameters, see "GDS - Parallel Data Loader &gt; gds" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i31073119546">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) Tool Guide</em>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li6548153185417">Method 2: Write the startup parameters into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b531715623010">gds.conf</strong> configuration file and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b031718613300">gds_ctl.py</strong> command to start GDS.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ol125481431145415"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li854723110549">Run the following command to go to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706221154">config</strong> directory of the GDS package and modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b84235270622126">gds.conf</strong> configuration file. For details about the parameters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b84235270615467">gds.conf</strong> configuration file, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__t051f8c4ef816412c85e082e7fb7297dd">Table 1</a>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen1545931185419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b85454316543">vim </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i20545173195410">/opt/bin<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ph361219310815">/dws</span>/gds/config/</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b1754512317544">gds.conf</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p15545163110546">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p1154683116547">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706113710">gds.conf</strong> configuration file contains the following information:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen205464319546">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
+&lt;config&gt;
+&lt;gds name="gds1" ip="192.168.0.90" port="5000" data_dir="/input_data/" err_dir="/err" data_seg="100MB" err_seg="100MB" log_file="/log/gds_log.txt" host="10.10.0.1/24" daemon='true' recursive="true" parallel="32"&gt;&lt;/gds&gt;
+&lt;/config&gt;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p15463310549">Information in the configuration file is described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ul7547193114548"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li454615314541">The data server IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b4768123393511">192.168.0.90</strong> and the GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b199861838183510">5000</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li45462318545">Data files are stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706113059">/input_data/</strong> directory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li554613316546">Error log files are stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706113122">/err</strong> directory. The directory must be created by a user who has the GDS read and write permissions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li20546231205411">The size of a single data file is 100 MB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li20546113155413">The size of a single error log file is 100 MB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li1854611312541">Logs are stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706113229">/log/gds_log.txt</strong> file. The directory must be created by a user who has the GDS read and write permissions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li125471031115415">Only nodes with the IP address <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b94991025184411">10.10.0.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1313549164314">*</em> can be connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li145471331145419">The GDS process is running in daemon mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li1154733114547">Recursive data file directories are used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li5547153113544">The number of concurrent import threads is 2.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__li55481331145419">Start GDS and check whether it has been started.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen1454783120545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b754711311548">python3 gds_ctl.py start</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__p45470314547">Example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__screen205484317540"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b10547113175416">cd </strong>/opt/bin<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ph377653818316">/dws</span>/gds/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__i1177010387319">bin</em>
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b65471831145411">python3 gds_ctl.py start</strong>
+Start GDS gds1                  [OK]
+gds [options]:
+ -d dir            Set data directory.
+ -p port           Set GDS listening port.
+    ip:port        Set GDS listening ip address and port.
+ -l log_file       Set log file.
+ -H secure_ip_range
+                   Set secure IP checklist in CIDR notation. Required for GDS to start.
+ -e dir            Set error log directory.
+ -E size           Set size of per error log segment.(0 &lt; size &lt; 1TB)
+ -S size           Set size of data segment.(1MB &lt; size &lt; 100TB)
+ -t worker_num     Set number of worker thread in multi-thread mode, the upper limit is 32. If without setting, the default value is 1.
+ -s status_file    Enable GDS status report.
+ -D                Run the GDS as a daemon process.
+ -r                Read the working directory recursively.
+ -h                Display usage.</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__sa01cca4537d1447db058fdf42644bfb2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gds.conf Parameter Description</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__t051f8c4ef816412c85e082e7fb7297dd"></a><a name="t051f8c4ef816412c85e082e7fb7297dd"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__t051f8c4ef816412c85e082e7fb7297dd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>gds.conf configuration description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r4f5e6597cae84ea19e5d0b3909cd80fa"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ac70b8a11745b4b61bd83b13e841101ab">Attribute</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__acc5277e0100f40a7914c2032fdd3d523">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a2e9d53280a6f415c928a58958c618e5d">Value Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r21e685368ece487b982ed6ed110f6ea1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ab2072345bea04792a4b3cad8f1f41105">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a8bb36cd8758743cc9e373af368c944eb">Identifier</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ad3e5b41f2e9c47e8ad0efba62bdaf8ae">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__rff1bfce1488f4fec9ba3b23808978220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a67f7f11fd0a941969e799e48cae8521b">ip</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ae7e272f8847a4b298f2d8ab5c8bb50c7">Listening IP address</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a4b054808742147f6a49b1e032093dcb6">The IP address must be valid.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ae57e98fb75e14cb0a0ef46666c3d988c">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b84235270614356">127.0.0.1</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r8a148f9d4e1d4ba2831ab8c47a1093fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a70b5c97d96e74bd080ccbdb744e087f7">port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ab3c58bd77ae24a10baae0181d1205c53">Listening port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ac6871934ceb2414f9f8b3db9446d374b">Value range: 1024 to 65535 (integer)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__af15ef19754c643738177d2d6a28288fb">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706195527">8098</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__re74190a47f204e8eab17597ebead03de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__acee4731d8012439c8e49119f4c46dd3c">data_dir</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a57ddbcafad934cd68f0f86752db7e125">Data file directory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__adfdad746ca324c979fc429555c4b2173">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r445f37b495be4fe6bc30dac699419085"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a25e6234239e74c2f9fd8973cd807c053">err_dir</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a622f9ed418274d1796ececd7ae38334f">Error log file directory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a3ac8f4320444434f9112fec7febfabec">Default value: data file directory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__rc779d67c1629476da7eb96fa5a6cea85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__aa49ab80ff5694889af4e08a333a71947">log_file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__aa4aacd1ed6194f22957cd5c290193894">Log file Path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__aeb13ac5cf0d542acbc1739d535c5851d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r777f09ab9dc14f66b52cc3f4d17297df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__aa71f7a4be1d54a79a922e3e5e5d3c612">host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a59627102e5d44a4b92aff1c0969977f8">Host IP address allowed to be connected to GDS (The value must in CIDR format and this parameter is available for the Linux OS only.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a5f2ec4977f8140a3ad9f327b638fa92b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__rfb93d38f66c942efa5c8840c24987827"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a59cebce19d4345a3ac84b3869da63a53">recursive</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a3bc7125facdb4bcdbbe743798aecdda9">Whether the data file directories are recursive</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a637e8c45e150440c99ef7722f74de1c7">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__u3b1dc280e9f84362a9d58eb3e8a3d629"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l4c13b0b189e149c189bcaf45a201ab8d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706135927">true</strong>: recursive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l76c548f54f0341c19cb0af274b209ac2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706135924">false</strong>: not recursive</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a00f847e14b3b41d2938abe042c811ac7">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b842352706103049">false</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__rd1905902d63d4e95b92eece093993552"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a906abb6417e744069ccf88c56ca48a57">daemon</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ae2454e1ccc774a109a34ab408a99ee3d">Whether the process is running in daemon mode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a8d5d038743c542de95effc3498c4044f">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__ub88a998d58344e4aba43d68123b9cb1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__lc4aab905487e4820b87d5b50ccbfadbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0058968094_b84235270611137">true</strong>: The process is running in daemon mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__l19f17a492136479aa2930549ecf98046"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__en-us_topic_0058968094_b84235270611159">false</strong>: The process is not running in daemon mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__af264d4ea92a641d08b239a14e77dfb99">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b18941215174510">false</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__r24d1f7fba18b472a89c069ea0f51fe12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a42b037afa95e451cb63567f773a681b5">parallel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a440acda99f834267b35cd8192d644e68">Number of concurrent data import threads</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a2800fd1e06774aa49d13134b135595a6">Value range: 0 to 32 (integer)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__a09f96f8c34a04d11a641c6a3af192093">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654722__b84235270620950">1</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p10446173916377">The source data information and GDS access information are configured in a foreign table. Then, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__text1350731442">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can import data from a data server to a database table based on the configuration in the foreign table.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__s1f7c2ac04c314a57960b6b6691839bfb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__obe5d0e5a064d4d1aae7e8caeeaeff6cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li175507108553"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li175507108553"></a><a name="li175507108553"></a><span>Collect source data information and GDS access information.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p18344328550">You need to collect the following source data information:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__ul4423648711133"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li5025677611130"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b635249141518">format</strong>: format of the data to be imported. Only data in CSV, TEXT, or FIXED format can be imported using GDS in parallel.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li187203511121"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b19312132213177">header</strong>: whether a source data file has a header. This parameter is set only for files in CSV or FIXED format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li3810485511321"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1944212532012">delimiter</strong>: delimiter in the source data file. For example, it can be a comma (,).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li2543368511530"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b10804131882416">encoding</strong>: encoding format of the data source file. Assume that the encoding format is UTF-8.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li19862125243511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b8740206024">eol</strong>: line break character in the data file. It can be a default character, such as 0x0D0A or 0X0A, or a customized line break character, such as a string: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b176921344813">!@#</strong>. This parameter can be set only for TEXT import.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li7278527194912">For details about more source data information configured in a foreign table, see data format parameters.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p06911724175615">You need to collect the following GDS access information:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p1411517101575"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b28431139152919">location</strong>: GDS URL. GDS information in <a href="dws_04_0193.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a> is used as an example. In non-SSL mode, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b3726135572913">location</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1277119410813">gsfs</strong>://<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__i8927101018810">192.168.0.90:5000</em>/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__i6544133105417">/input_data/</em>. In SSL mode, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b833394783012">location</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b952201511815">gsfss</strong>://<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__i549010199814">192.168.0.90:5000</em>/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__i1025121917105">/input_data/</em>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b19764201314270">192.168.0.90:5000</strong> indicates the IP address and port number of GDS. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1676421362711">input_data</strong> indicates the path of data source files managed by GDS. Replace the values as required.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__la571bf23a4b24288b5dce0d83a176a56"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__la571bf23a4b24288b5dce0d83a176a56"></a><a name="la571bf23a4b24288b5dce0d83a176a56"></a><span>Design an error tolerance mechanism for data import.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p67061333159"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__text735487542">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports the following error tolerance in data import:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__ul11629532354"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li86291732056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b08451625153819">fill_missing_fields</strong>: This parameter specifies whether to report an error when the last column in a row of the source data file is empty, or to fill the column with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1623953173012">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li36291632355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b4457421386">ignore_extra_data</strong>: This parameter specifies whether to report an error when the number of columns in the source data file is greater than that specified in the foreign table, or to ignore the extra columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li862913322057"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1484374514387">per node reject_limit</strong>: This parameter specifies the number of data format errors allowed on each DN. If the number of errors recorded in the error table on a DN exceeds the specified value, the import will fail and an error message will be reported. You can also set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b10631342514">unlimited</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li76292321855"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b88114476549">compatible_illegal_chars</strong>: This parameter specifies whether to report an error when an illegal character is encountered, or to convert it and proceed with the import.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__a6c385ed7543442e09d0b1223d84b11f1">The following describes the rules for converting an illegal character:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__ul693854213329"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li1565715409325"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b842352706184528">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li1965714073218">Other illegal characters are converted to question marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li2673124063212">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b20892163717518">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b794115401054">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1188184417512">QUOTE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b17518647953">ESCAPE</strong> is also set to a space or question mark, an error message such as "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" is displayed, prompting you to modify parameter settings that may cause import errors.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__l0197538463034921bffa55634fa035d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b25664271116">error_table_name</strong>: This parameter specifies the name of the table that records data format errors. After the parallel import, you can query this table for error details.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li156291832451"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b597374220818">remote log 'name'</strong>: This parameter specifies whether to store data format errors in files on the GDS server. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b842352706161211">name</strong> is the prefix of the error data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li1115913012119">For details about more error tolerance parameters, see error tolerance parameters.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li683532820282"><span>After connecting to the database using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b591781563416">gsql</strong> or Data Studio, create a GDS foreign table based on the collected and design information.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p183976571281">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__screen1927510425306"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/input_data | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/input_data'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HEADER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'false'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FILL_MISSING_FIELDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_err</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unlimited'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p15956193114361">The following describes information in the preceding command:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__ul155093487409"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li3509548204014">The columns specified in the foreign table must be the same as those in the target table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li13602043134313">Retain the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b371531333110">gsmpp_server</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b204638168316">SERVER</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li6967174214448">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1580394720206">location</strong> based on the GDS access information collected in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li175507108553">1</a>. If SSL is used, replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b420771122214">gsfs</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b066421416229">gsfss</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li1966110529477">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b13299141212214">FORMAT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1781981582115">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b2785181992117">ENCODING</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b16742922122118">HEADER</strong> based on the source data information collected in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li175507108553">1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li2189929125516">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b2049412415237">FILL_MISSING_FIELDS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b2567133119230">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b75863582319">LOG INTO</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b114316408230">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> based on the error tolerance mechanism designed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__la571bf23a4b24288b5dce0d83a176a56">2</a>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b14747113916299">LOG INTO</strong> specifies the name of the error table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p52871756122810">For details about the CREATE FOREIGN TABLE syntax, see CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export).</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__section123113117131"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__p136577500159">For more examples, see <a href="dws_04_0198.html">Example of Importing Data Using GDS</a>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__ul104181556161211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__l40573bcc0cd147b88742d120c2e82b55">Example 1: Create a GDS foreign table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b10260446132520">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong>. The data format is CSV.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__s34434ed0d973488eb29d9c78431963c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">MODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__l11c1996e910f47a2af87dd03715c5817">Example 2: Create a GDS foreign table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b1577365812263">foreign_tpcds_reasons_SSL</strong>. SSL is used and the data format is CSV.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__sc7885d7d2bc044b892f0484ab5a256f0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons_SSL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfss://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfss://192.168.0.91:5000/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">MODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__li21309216231">Example 3: Create a GDS foreign table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__b931157102817">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong>. The data format is TEXT.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654836__screen10926163782418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TEXT'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">reject_limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'0x0D'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__p1240415177247">This section describes how to create tables in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__text979156286">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and import data to the tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__p6701165249">Before importing all the data from a table containing over 10 million records, you are advised to import some of the data, and check whether there is data skew and whether the distribution keys need to be changed. Troubleshoot the data skew if any. It is costly to address data skew and change the distribution keys after a large amount of data has been imported.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__s346fe31d510b413a9e00a4da16781f38"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__p1397022164117">The GDS server can communicate with GaussDB(DWS).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__ul176821714429"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li17685176420">You need to create an ECS as the GDS server.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li424084620429">The created ECS and GaussDB(DWS) must belong to the same region, VPC, and subnet.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__s512ba003c1d542e4b2df804651faea79"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__oc008fca0a9e04a75a3b630745fc4bd45"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l479f2d5c6f314d338a453ae9caa420e1"><span>Create a table in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__text1993120538">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to store imported data. For details, see CREATE TABLE.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l675e212810b14373833bb5d4fa8f0b77"><span>Import data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__s3b236958a0e54d71b6c339103242e3b0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__ub621d008a7c3474b9db9f1f68c174461"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l77526b6a51b94c6abb3f6ab122904097">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been imported. Query the error information table to check whether any data format errors occurred. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__sce91049b0bc54e32919be73b597c9e39">INSERT 0 9</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l37c9171730e742f695e5d369f1e695d0">If data fails to be loaded, troubleshoot the problem by following the instructions provided in <a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a> and try again.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__na88400ea8d584844921871bd201b4c9e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__u10315cc2ffa64d329bd93cd5e7b4654e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li8963324134514">If a data loading error occurs, the entire data import task will fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l9f079f661f2a41a7b1b25660d00c715a">Compile a batch-processing task script to concurrently import data. The degree of parallelism (DOP) depends on the server resource usage. You can test-import several tables, monitor resource utilization, and increase or reduce concurrency accordingly. Common resource monitoring commands include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b7618185013918">top</strong> for monitoring memory and CPU usage, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b1461845083914">iostat</strong> for monitoring I/O usage, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b76181050193918">sar</strong> for monitoring networks. For details about application cases, see .</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__l8b290ba70c714c33bc9446d2ac483e8f">If possible, more GDS servers can significantly improve the data import efficiency. For details about application cases, see <a href="dws_04_0198.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section2041618243291">Importing Data in Parallel from Multiple Data Servers</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__lfd88a221d9b145f28a119bbd12ff0b8a">In a scenario where many GDS servers import data concurrently, you can increase the TCP Keepalive interval for connections between GDS servers and DNs to ensure connection stability. (The recommended interval is 5 minutes.) TCP Keepalive settings of the cluster affect its fault detection response time.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__s1c6c5420aeb94c46b58add6ea7cdac3f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example:</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__ol146395348432"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li1163914342435"><span>Create a target table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b842352706181119">reasons</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__s3092bce97b2c4a7facac7bd5efea5f44"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">     </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li26401834174318"><span>Import data from source data files through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b84235270619577">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong> foreign table to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__b842352706195713">reasons</strong> table.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__scfdb4070c13e42e8a3ce21fa89b2c257"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__li9640193418434"><span>You can create indexes again after the import is complete.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894887__screen1519466111619"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons_idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reasons_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Handling Import Errors</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__sa16c4c483b7c4a49bfec49cd76f6c990"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a2502f6262b8b46a580e039a5c22cd149">Handle errors that occurred during data import.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__s75d98cb2135a47728458d03bd9cd7ef4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Querying Error Information</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a78edb38626c3489abac068226c9ef68d">Errors that occur when data is imported are divided into data format errors and non-data format errors.</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ub26bef65964b475b9d3a4ce637aabc7c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l8736fbcb6d7e4900b252c1b830cbba31">Data format error<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a938650dbd3fc422aab384b78340cb50c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l8736fbcb6d7e4900b252c1b830cbba31"></a><a name="l8736fbcb6d7e4900b252c1b830cbba31"></a>When creating a foreign table, specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b89481633121015">LOG INTO</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__i8243204021016">error_table_name</em>. Data format errors occurring during the data import will be written into the specified table. You can run the following SQL statement to query error details:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__s26c16e0df1664b9ea5fb137a7803a150"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">error_table_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a157e9c70520a4daba52abd3c1fc23b65"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__t22a10c890aac412caaf092734cab45fa">Table 1</a> lists the columns of the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__i1039411741614">error_table_name</em> table.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__t22a10c890aac412caaf092734cab45fa"></a><a name="t22a10c890aac412caaf092734cab45fa"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__t22a10c890aac412caaf092734cab45fa" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Columns in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__i12309124901713">error_table_name</em> table</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r675981fdd0104bf889d9bec75f211d22"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a16188f59381041e7938e2a302068bb3e">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a4804bce172684134aa73c961c6a47219">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a2913c0e46f7b47fbb7b19e0cd0ea1cf0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r1fba5e2ae851444481f5716a4647d8d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a88b5f6dd34a64b6b8b0856e5ade85d3a">nodeid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ab53e9a3f6f984b38b872d01ac9057262">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a560e50b017384df6870ccc728c57f9cb">ID of the node where an error is reported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r42011d3b0d2941468030bf961b83cc2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a56280a84adc24f9ea60f2d83bc3d4263">begintime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__aa66bb78e497442f6b245d202c24aa479">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a0ca4a84caaaa4eb388e1bbd03a5cd0af">Time when a data format error is reported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r6829e97a057e4e90b680fdd48b2f43f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a54ecbfe0c738414b9099b4a1671540ae">filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a737b3b5acd644679a0970537204862c9">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a68d48c65eb484bafa59af7acca894036">Name of the source data file where a data format error occurs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__p483183711115">If you use GDS for importing data, the error information includes the IP address and port number of the GDS server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__re41d4aa064184ce083f5c13a59e66abb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__abe0224fdbfa54c37a6cbc8549b2f29e2">rownum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a08b4fdbb89bf417a97fb5a15bfffecec">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a3c6103c6697d4c41bab6eb1b7ded4624">Number of the row where an error occurs in a source data file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ra90f52bcb4554c5aa82c0332bd4b8f2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a5c0bc8656b9047e9b64203a844961bec">rawrecord</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a14cacb0e91fd45fd9ce07b1b01fb025d">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ae237a7e910bd460c9af745ade70d35ae">Raw record of the data format error in the source data file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r1dd61028cafc4debb62a81efc095cdec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23807619238076%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a9672c5b3588d403e832bd95c1e527e9f">detail</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.706629337066296%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__acb09395090cd4dad9b463278e823758e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055295%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a222c7f6abf2945cd9fbed95a9168a0b7">Error details</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ue1f5e562a7cf4f3985942963cd63a7f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__lf371243ce9ae470f8049716456b0b5ad">Non-data format error<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ad8a2dd247967447ca7f4c28cd72a1cfb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__lf371243ce9ae470f8049716456b0b5ad"></a><a name="lf371243ce9ae470f8049716456b0b5ad"></a>A non-data format error leads to the failure of an entire data import task. You can locate and troubleshoot a non-data format error based on the error message displayed during data import.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__s6e8c9c37e16a41a5852b1124ddcced94"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Handling data import errors</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a129ef4f62654486ab9b4673c0d3cbba1">Troubleshoot data import errors based on obtained error information and the description in the following table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__t1dfcc19111704665857c25299dfb4648" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Handling data import errors</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r73151a6209e547bf905adbf9de11a3d3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_p211416163551">Error Information</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a9287af903a544b93bb97b5970c910b9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0100738203_en-us_topic_0087194649_a7594b9c861bd4cdeaf7578acc1b1e4da">Cause</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_p144017275544">Solution</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r69673af0e50d4d599414fe4b6e3dc7df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__af897fd476a014e5e90e15e3dd03599af">missing data for column "r_reason_desc"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__off0f1713b8b942dfbda0fcf881e0abd6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__lb5bfbf2ea09a49bea89fbf1e06e118c0">The number of columns in the source data file is less than that in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l7dade582cbf84b27832959b1c82fe86d">In a TEXT format source data file, an escape character (for example, \) leads to delimiter or quote mislocation.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a56b530c11e7343f5b5af0b60322a2a32"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l7dade582cbf84b27832959b1c82fe86d"></a><a name="l7dade582cbf84b27832959b1c82fe86d"></a>Example: The target table contains three columns as shown in the following command output. The escape character (\) converts the delimiter (|) into the value of the second column, causing loss of the value of the third column.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__sd242c25b5a5b45cdbcd8f8a8cb6cc249">BE|Belgium\|1</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__o7ac0d131787c4faeafb904e7f7fc63d8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_li15980262569">If an error is reported due to missing columns, perform the following operations:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ufb36920ad3fc432794c788af24d37b14"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_li73123133568">Add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0058967664_b842352706162530">r_reason_desc</strong> column to the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__lb2436cb9cb61445d80216886c5c23370">When creating a foreign table, set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b842352706162549">fill_missing_fields</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b842352706162552">on</strong>. In this way, if the last column of a row in the source data file is missing, it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b842352706184352">NULL</strong> and no error will be reported.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l960c30a7b02343e583ad058c47b2c37b">Check whether the row where an error occurred contains the escape character (\). If the row contains such a character, you are advised to set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b842352706162910">noescaping</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b842352706162827">true</strong> when creating a foreign table, indicating that the escape character (\) and the characters following it are not escaped.</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r9af3082ff7524993ad0dc4a055326563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_p121343162551">extra data after last expected column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a329a75f90baa443d997adb2051f2a21b">The number of columns in the source data file is greater than that in the foreign table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__u331a981f10e8491fa5dc2f53e3a4ed16"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__l52ab0e534b2d4045930cc7faa0c28dee">Delete the unnecessary columns from the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__lf1c7e44cf53645ecaf163c9af865505b">When creating a foreign table, set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b1257944502">ignore_extra_data</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b1830502077">on</strong>. In this way, if the number of columns in a source data file is greater than that in the foreign table, the extra columns at the end of rows will not be imported.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__rf8157588ed5747ab9cca3b6c1151fac3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a56192772243549fcb64ab38a1300b1c7">invalid input syntax for type numeric: "a"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a42730d273798428791508534e80015b0">The data type is incorrect.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__p8876141213334">In the source data file, change the data type of the columns to be imported. If this error information is displayed, change the data type to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b84235270615839">numeric</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r967a27d497d2426a9171256ec5b3b356"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ab3da27319ae9483b994f9b9ad75eeba1">null value in column "staff_id" violates not-null constraint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_p214716161550">The not-null constraint is violated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a7d6acb3f64ea4ff9ae02da9951d70f80"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__p15281911103315">In the source data file, add values to the specified columns. If this error information is displayed, add values to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b84235270619217">staff_id</strong> column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r923c1639ff7f43b09a1ccba609f075fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_p191508162559">duplicate key value violates unique constraint "reg_id_pk"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__a4a68179e87944f34ad2526206cbddf1d">The unique constraint is violated.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_ul88724019590"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_li58834045916">Delete the duplicate rows from the source data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__en-us_topic_0117407722_li08918403599">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b148901641153120">SELECT</strong> statement with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__b168901041143117">DISTINCT</strong> keyword to ensure that all imported rows are unique.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__sdbe2975c1abb4fc28e6b690e9b54a050"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__r20e65e79d3fd412d9b9ba78b7af4bb2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__af3e91275477549a0989fbc3f981b5dc6">value too long for type character varying(16)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__ae646790528444269a255c690af15acf7">The column length exceeds the upper limit.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494659__p1732851553315">In the source data file, change the column length. If this error information is displayed, reduce the column length to no greater than 16 bytes (VARCHAR2).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0197.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0197.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c59962f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0197.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stopping GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__saa42cb359f584cc5b02b22b95aea2f4b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_p95592281610">Stop GDS after data is imported successfully.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__sbc23e54b0c004470abf94caefa347023"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__o699f1b3305844c3795531a1ba56dba7a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__l624ac3bf06c54bf39a557dbffeb3d543"><span>Log in as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__b842352706185540">gds_user</strong> to the data server where GDS is installed.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__l510e68e50bbf480c8f56ff8312f8258c"><span>Select the mode of stopping GDS based on the mode of starting it.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__u9fcc0920949d4a309bb04f960d0d40ff"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__l09d7b45c9e7f48ea8c63081fb608819e">If GDS is started using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__b842352706114038">gds</strong> command, perform the following operations to stop GDS:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__oeb2457d1964a4ddf9c1d371151a011b4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__l211c982d7a9142cab7624e50965261e0">Query the GDS process ID:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__s957ea2db072b4eaabaeb08d74d6a766c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_b456209221610">ps -ef|grep gds</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_p79351151610">For example, the GDS process ID is 128954.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__sb5c41e289f264f10bf3270b7154da3c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_b387646181610">ps -ef|grep gds</strong>
+gds_user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_b591788581610">128954</strong>      1  0 15:03 ?        00:00:00 gds -d /input_data/ -p 192.168.0.90:5000 -l /log/gds_log.txt -D
+gds_user 129003 118723  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep gds</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__ld82fed6c87864229a43810eadc42d960">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__b2953641315517">kill</strong> command to stop GDS. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__b84235270611429">128954</strong> in the command is the GDS process ID.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__s5e005701d4174c2eb342914f787e68b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_b393406761610">kill -9</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134728__en-us_topic_0117443414_i185217721610">128954</em></pre>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0198.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0198.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1873edb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0198.html
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example of Importing Data Using GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section2041618243291"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section2041618243291"></a><a name="section2041618243291"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Importing Data in Parallel from Multiple Data Servers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a465f90ab92e44fd1ac2e5331d4eb6574">The data servers and the cluster reside on the same intranet. The IP addresses are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b105745411175">192.168.0.90</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b92822455713">192.168.0.91</strong>. Source data files are in CSV format.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ode83f3e54d66420c8e57326f89df4268"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l82d6ff49bd854aeea1fb1686c49c0bb2">Create the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b102963533015"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1057411329231">tpcds.</span>reasons</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s87834e57fce642ac8c5f936643af0060"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lf1732e1798614b418733df5d8d8f2cfd">Log in to each GDS data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706164548">root</strong> and create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706164555">/input_data</strong> directory for storing data files on the servers. The following takes the data server whose IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b159571720988">192.168.0.90</strong> as an example. Operations on the other server are the same.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sbb53de52dbaf4f8ab79768fa5e2cc514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a88c5d81c4d0b46f199912a95959b6ecb">mkdir -p</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a1d3cdbe53d6b43b68e0e3de719ef2e0a">/input_data</em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l1b57a31aefde416980683b316b21816d">(Optional) Create a user and the user group it belongs to. The user is used to start GDS. If the user and user group exist, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sbe89ef3a703a45a1a69f1dad29006ed6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0117407660_b2851994648">groupadd</strong> gdsgrp
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a854bc4c25d4b4ce6800680e1c0f2d72f">useradd -g</strong> gdsgrp gds_user</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lc8cd42b5114a4f55a4d3ca2349c702cd">Evenly distribute source data files to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706112150">/input_data</strong> directories on the data servers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_le7af74753c6643c9935ea885ddee7662">Change the owners of source data files and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b126088571505">/input_data</strong> directory on each data server to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b3608957708">gds_user</strong>. The data server whose IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b143785526911">192.168.0.90</strong> is used as an example.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sd7a1012c682d459ab495e70000eb2af5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ac6448a40312640ce93d6b25f245769da">chown -R</strong> gds_user:gdsgrp /input_data </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l7d929faa456a4aa3b0bdbbc3bbf95e03">Log in to each data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b94641440618">gds_user</strong> and start GDS.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a78e5e9eaca374431b422cb3bd11d5376">The GDS installation path is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b22456619237">/opt/bin/dws/gds</strong>. Source data files are stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b958131472316">/input_data/</strong>. The IP addresses of the data servers are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1774133341119">192.168.0.90</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b116163715116">192.168.0.91</strong>. The GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b370674341120">5000</strong>. GDS runs in daemon mode.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p14496202813204">Start GDS on the data server whose IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b9241101919126">192.168.0.90</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sd1493e57611b4d0c879917bbd0d9ecb9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a1370245064af4bf58338347d753449e8">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a9927edbdac1641c9a5f0b5df13b311e7">/input_data</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aace37c25c51444eabb0f7694bacb7bd7">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ac49811766ffa482884400c77b0defb29">192.168.0.90:5000 </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a3037b9267090413fa8f54e1542ddbf65">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a9078fa03c01c4900bcd755e5bab455ab"> </em>10.10.0.1/24 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a765301ae3be5451eb3ed81736163c5fb">-D</strong></pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a707492c6f8924e33863f0a12d9c34c0f">Start GDS on the data server whose IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b12214269123">192.168.0.91</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s47f18bb849b14c9db2490a2cf611b477"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a688abd3aec5242c8819bbe5c9542a972">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aeac34deaf2cf474aa02c99ac38fbf127">/input_data</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aa409f7fd2b44481eb305d6c3471d05c8">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aa426205d390a49039e8bb9e0e45b53b6">192.168.0.91:5000 </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_af40fd292fa1d4a35b7a92d1df8a8648c">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a5034820818d440c1bc936d9e7a21be73"> </em>10.10.0.1/24 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a727bc594c8f14b90b44cf05bbf1acb6f"> -D</strong></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ld643549316f44956bd6e12c41f3c86d5">Create the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b16125193019461"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text119331748202912">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong> for receiving data from the data server.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ac95945d49530478990f21732615003b4">Data export mode settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_u1cfdc0d9abb14624901e4bf38067dec5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l85b86de2e5744b2992583dda59b68633">Set the import mode to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b9537171216820">Normal</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ld1c6accd1aeb447395235306585c872f">When GDS is started, the source data file directory is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_en-us_topic_0058967605_b1452941350101319_1">/input_data</strong> and the GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b17493480133">5000</strong>. Therefore, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_en-us_topic_0058967605_b1904485453101319_1">location</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_en-us_topic_0058967605_b1935725810101319_1">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/*</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a8d376fe2150b4b31a5045accf32abc68">Information about the data format is configured based on data format parameters specified during data export. The parameter configurations are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_u69a35a9beca94280ae994af65857fb96"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_la3061eb8a2e2490c91e67e469f16769a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706165627">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706165631">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l0f5e28adc21940a5af6c8e774194e2cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706143434">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706161148">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l3f47d627abe64bae8f5ea5e32c183bd2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1724594652819">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b42456461284">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l542a8fb4c8114e8eb652d575356068ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706165714">quote</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706165717">E'\x1b'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l139d936194404f3f96573276c726d7ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b554252501012">null</strong> is set to an empty string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li1881144018294"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b09471625123211">escape</strong> defaults to the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b595002510325">quote</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l130cbb41925d438fa7f8a24d1c70115d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706165753">header</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706171243">false</strong>, indicating that the first row is identified as a data row in an imported file.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a9feb1ca25bd64e62bca39d239602e12e">Configure import error tolerance parameters as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ubbc3459a022f4ec892782a72745ae08b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l1b09e44235484400b70292378d841e0d">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b84235270610154">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> (number of allowed data format errors) to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1663913257310">unlimited</strong>. In this case, all the data format errors detected during data import will be tolerated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l4fb119474b184c218959a414532f8053">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b115081710205320">LOG INTO</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b850819103537">err_tpcds_reasons</strong>. The data format errors detected during data import will be recorded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b18510141075311">err_tpcds_reasons</strong> table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a6cf3b0991f5e40ba916895db17efdbc5">Based on the above settings, the foreign table is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sa82bfa7a31244461a5aab277de2ae7d3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fill_missing_fields</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'false'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unlimited'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l9173a914c5fd452680f1045124efe9dc">Import data through the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b947718316513"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text12620246131812">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong> to the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b104771231125111"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text5924132191913">tpcds.</span>reasons</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s7810b86ffab5428799c88973b0550345"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lf9d7d1cf88204e24805feb2437e8a937">Query data import errors in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b84235270615248">err_tpcds_reasons</strong> table and rectify the errors (if any). For details, see <a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s7ee3163db2af4d87a87d420ab9524e72"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l691363ba214242029c90f34866efcc04">After data import is complete, log in to each data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_b84235270617183">gds_user</strong> and stop GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p1451242814209">The data server whose IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b78974328255">192.168.0.90</strong> is used as an example. The GDS process ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1412464810254">128954</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s0ff0feeaf6d74de898624df4d545a944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a5eb857e102e54350b2bdcc57a2223c37">ps -ef|grep gds</strong>
+gds_user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a41051798abeb4cfeba2d3608fb6eab86">128954</strong>      1  0 15:03 ?        00:00:00 gds -d /input_data -p 192.168.0.90:5000 -D
+gds_user 129003 118723  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep gds
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a0db9da3db6af4a76ac290745fc925c3a">kill -9</strong> 128954</pre>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section197704383292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Importing Data Using Multiple Threads</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a41c7b34b58fa484daea23c9b58cd6545">The data servers and the cluster reside on the same intranet. The server IP address is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b20246114514268">192.168.0.90</strong>. Source data files are in CSV format. Data will be imported to two tables using multiple threads in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b175531531309">Normal</strong> mode.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_o8e097d1292174fe99af701ff4ab00a06"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l00e54ec394d94491b8379e65bb35c23e">In the database, create the target tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b17911946201412"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text3838123644011">tpcds.</span>reasons1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b56311056151416"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text2095633020402">tpcds.</span>reasons2</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sb83dfa8f318f4d33a2e5c576b647814c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s410c83fc91af46159048944c10cf6ed9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lc292aa115449439bba98cb727492d139">Log in to the GDS data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b842352706133453">root</strong>, and then create the data file directory <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b84235270613350">/input_data</strong> and its sub-directories <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b84235270613354">/input_data/import1/</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b84235270613358">/input_data/import2/</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sc08176b3568945599582634a1d77035c">mkdir -p <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aab2547f29d2c4b1fb40c52dbbf79ed9c">/input_data</em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_la07b86d240794549a11e719c37373963">Store the source data files of the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b686912499614"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text174381754112">tpcds.</span>reasons1</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b16870194920612">/input_data/import1/</strong> and the source data files of the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b15871149761"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text15185162417417">tpcds.</span>reasons2</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b28723494620">/input_data/import2/</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lc481980cc5844c6dbbb1e90b34c1b85d">(Optional) Create a user and the user group it belongs to. The user is used to start GDS. If the user and user group already exist, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sd54c58be74414495bf4acc64ca6f1425"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ad791eedc77524f009a5a3116b5f8455a">groupadd</strong> gdsgrp
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0117407660_b17515341034">useradd -g</strong> gdsgrp gds_user</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l978525e82045443e8651d1b4107d2a32">Change the owners of source data files and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_b842352706163715">/input_data</strong> directory on the data server to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_b842352706103433">gds_user</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sf18823e70247418daf989e4348fc17f7">chown -R <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0117407660_i91561415449">gds_user:gdsgrp</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aa7034cebe99b4bc19defd7e1c60f7828"> /input_data </em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lb45756cd3c7f4e98b0b3b32b96b01d58">Log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b3415134158">gds_user</strong> and start GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p172969435223">The GDS installation path is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1787342118510">/gds</strong>. Source data files are stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1688910214519">/input_data/</strong>. The IP address of the data server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b18783154615282">192.168.0.90</strong>. The GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b8740125920286">5000</strong>. GDS runs in daemon mode. The degree of parallelism is 2. A recursive directory is specified.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s861f5b84b6ec402f88917c77a8725f30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_adc519e55546c4e77b0e7e715f9fce958">/gds/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a26e4e935f59c4716a52191d3b536d80f">/input_data</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a5af0deea7cbd4f719163914d14a3ff36">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_acbdac7fd977648c1a8fd4b931392a7fd">192.168.0.90:5000 </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a58fb1ca5a2574e32aac402d07b6908dc">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a6bc71b79f0744a838c57d230494377c3"> </em>10.10.0.1/24 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a7982b94152e14ac4ba8c1f8e004334fd"> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a029be89589a7428b87959ec98c65e53f">-D -t </strong>2<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a2a388f742d7b489b8e23d63c4c559eb8"> -r</strong></pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l8bc4d54a954c42ef9640b28f3d654888">In the database, create the foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b3894151818162"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text63531327183211">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b696610208162"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1530205716327">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> for the source data.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a10010a0a667a41d09692c20c34365dc6">The foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b9559132351611"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text17683135012324">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> is used as an example to describe how to configure parameters in a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a7528b264232f40b8a8cd98876b561d5c">Data export mode settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ua5c54221399b46199e585903380c38a3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lf2365add8ea347f3a0ec903547916b2a">Set the import mode to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1957182981">Normal</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lca350094bff14b85af63ac2c37045f0d">When GDS is started, the configured source data file directory is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b725518933">/input_data</strong> and the GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b472318168300">5000</strong>. However, source data files are actually stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b669334314817">/input_data/import1/</strong>. Therefore, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b473850491">location</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b365042565">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/import1/*</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a18068bdc8b5848bbbac24fbf188577dd">Information about the data format is configured based on data format parameters specified during data export. The parameter configurations are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ub0e2cadbb5bd4bcda86a635f4be054a9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ld1bcd94006ee419db465f36b0783fe3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b978449448">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1530103406">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lbf533f6c727e4057a232a32443f0e094"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1627041617">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1196245565">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l0a4ec79818e34f5f8375ed36bf6b10f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1442864914284">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b04296499285">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_la8cdba8723934b32b7125427fd968089"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1824254342">quote</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1094871472">E'\x1b'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lc2b6f1f31ebf413ab8529cefb4e9afbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b657483941">null</strong> is set to an empty string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li123938174309"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1876916492314">escape</strong> defaults to the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b6770149113111">quote</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l6b3b96db12694ac9a77f794b4b0e041c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1563174025619">header</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b45637409568">false</strong>, indicating that the first row is identified as a data row in an imported file.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a16fef2f92eb3499989cc0756f1015816">Configure import error tolerance parameters as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ub890053d27f547d099b6b7ad71ddeeff"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l8905589a965642fba6d3543169ae2174">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b253042815912">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> (number of allowed data format errors) to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b175458281198">unlimited</strong>. In this case, all the data format errors detected during data import will be tolerated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_laed2f99667f04d5fae92a14288d4452a">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1677914109254">LOG INTO</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b2781111013257">err_tpcds_reasons1</strong>. The data format errors detected during data import will be recorded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b14782171012253">err_tpcds_reasons1</strong> table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l081fccc5c6204faf87e8d133b8046f22">If the last column of a source data file is missing, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b04311713151817">fill_missing_fields</strong> parameter is automatically set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032064_b842352706134758">NULL</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aa6f08899b7074df691268403d8265e98">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b12791232278"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text187166614614">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sb351e6f271414321bf3670fd29769e0c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/import1/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fill_missing_fields</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unlimited'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a5ebfd2bfc4334f548eaf02d822a9aec4">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b6346161315295"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1093415203315">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s6b48e7add5304d58b05ad2bf131e4ae2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/import2/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fill_missing_fields</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unlimited'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_l9393c1d1179b45058b480628b524cd55">Import data through the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b1986665313171"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text197171042536">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b12569133191816"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1674419561934">tpcds.</span>reasons1</strong> and through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b9147141716186"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text156114485320">tpcds.</span>foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b2052331814"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text18720621745">tpcds.</span>reasons2</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s844aa16fc22a471aadf145aedee74868"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_s1108f677243c45efb14cd6a66160ae2b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reasons2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_le98d1523c9ce4b959db52648f97bf669">Query data import errors in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b87801421375">err_tpcds_reasons1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b678116211278">err_tpcds_reasons2</strong> tables and rectify the errors (if any). For details, see <a href="dws_04_0196.html">Handling Import Errors</a>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_se2beb6c2f39943b88e94da5108cdcac8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_lbcb9503544a24337943a3090dab25df4">After data import is complete, log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_en-us_topic_0085032744_b372029376175142">gds_user</strong> and stop GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p1737384372211">The GDS process ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b9841743173511">128954</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_sd8448e03f3444b95b108c8d00bd888c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_aa5d3e598bacd4153a9d65bfc531b041f">ps -ef|grep gds</strong>
+gds_user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a2cc1b01346444017a110839b75cae7ac">128954</strong>      1  0 15:03 ?        00:00:00 gds -d /input_data -p 192.168.0.90:5000 -D -t 2 -r
+gds_user 129003 118723  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep gds
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_a01e470f496a54cd3b44061380ca97de8">kill -9</strong> 128954</pre>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section193653193614"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Importing Data Through a Pipe File</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol134874524597"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li34875528591"><span>Start GDS.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen943410482717">gds -d /***/gds_data/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7789 -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p19156181213910">If you need to set the timeout interval of a pipe, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b163185663419">--pipe-timeout</strong> parameter.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li969042513241"><span>Import data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol143432393245"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li17343103962414">Log in to the database and create an internal table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen146761906818"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text3213032173512"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe_1( id integer not null, sex text not null, name  text );</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li1376543102420">Create a read-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen16711128385"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text4527734173519"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe_tr( like test_pipe ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://192.168.0.1:7789/foreign_test_pipe.pipe', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe',auto_create_pipe 'false');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li3952105122413">Execute the import statement. The statement will be blocked.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen209517138817"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text12714837183510"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe_1 select * from foreign_test_pipe_tr;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li760365011817"><span>Import data through a GDS pipe file.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol360161922910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li11601171917292">Log in to the GDS server and go to the GDS data directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen1037219322919">cd /***/gds_data/   </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li136035256296">Create a pipe. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b6112741133519">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b20113104123510">true</strong>, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen97964253919">mkfifo foreign_test_pipe.pipe;  </pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_note8537131844912"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p145372181497">A pipe will be automatically cleared after an operation is complete. To perform another operation, create a pipe again.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li10941133282912">Write data to the pipe.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen485611611919">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt &gt; foreign_test_pipe.pipe</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li810113529298">To read the compressed file to the pipe, run the following command:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen1485496142212">gzip -d &lt; out.gz &gt; foreign_test_pipe.pipe</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li2646800306">To read the HDFS file to the pipe, run the following command:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen751614404910">hdfs dfs -cat - /user/hive/***/test_pipe.txt &gt; foreign_test_pipe.pipe</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li11851387011"><span>View the result returned by the import statement.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen147057116108"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text177801853151115"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe_1 select * from foreign_test_pipe_tr;
+INSERT 0 4
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1275412181213"></span>SELECT * FROM test_pipe_1;
+id | sex |      name
+----+-----+----------------
+3 | 2   | 11111111111111
+1 | 2   | 11111111111111
+2 | 2   | 11111111111111
+4 | 2   | 11111111111111
+(4 rows)
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1088142451217"></span></pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section7773729153710"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Importing Data Through Multi-Process Pipes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p13983747104213">GDS also supports importing data through multi-process pipes. That is, one foreign table corresponds to multiple GDSs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p4983114714213">The following takes importing a local file as an example.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol399912371166"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li17063819613"><span>Start multiple GDSs. If the GDSs have been started, skip this step.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen19706155917155">gds -d /***/gds_data/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7789 -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D
+gds -d /***/gds_data_1/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7790 -l /***/gds_log_1/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p168901411191015">If you need to set the timeout interval of a pipe, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b21342979993360">--pipe-timeout</strong> parameter.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li020217500464"><span>Import data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol942214539468"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li9422155310467">Log in to the database and create an internal table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen895591561614"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text9211106113610"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe( id integer not null, sex text not null, name  text );</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li42061656164616">Create a read-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen5247122111610"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text42281688365"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe_tr( like test_pipe ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://192.168.0.1:7789/foreign_test_pipe.pipe|gsfs://192.168.0.1:7790/foreign_test_pipe.pipe', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',', NULL '', EOL '0x0a' , file_type 'pipe', auto_create_pipe 'false');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li1195135813466">Execute the import statement. The statement is blocked.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen192592681618"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text14699111173612"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe_1 select * from foreign_test_pipe_tr;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li833194712189"><span>Import data through a GDS pipe file.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol68921939184818"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li2276184564815">Log in to GDS and go to each GDS data directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen16276114544813">cd /***/gds_data/ 
+cd /***/gds_data_1/</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li113121919114916">Create a pipe. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b526867399">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b26002763">true</strong>, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen11313131915492">mkfifo foreign_test_pipe.pipe;  </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li2222111219508">Read each pipe and write the new file to the pipes.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen71131623111715">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt &gt; foreign_test_pipe.pipe</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li8121523273"><span>View the result returned by the import statement.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen757193020177"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text107761345201716"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe_1 select * from foreign_test_pipe_tr;
+INSERT 0 4
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text280175018179"></span>SELECT * FROM test_pipe_1;
+id | sex |      name
+----+-----+----------------
+3 | 2   | 11111111111111
+1 | 2   | 11111111111111
+2 | 2   | 11111111111111
+4 | 2   | 11111111111111
+(4 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__section194089259392"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Direct Data Import Between Clusters</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol1324715291578"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li44781847977"><span>Start GDS. (If the process has been started, skip this step.)</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen1430619488275">gds -d /***/gds_data/ -D -p GDS_IP:GDS_PORT -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p19306948122720">If you need to set the timeout interval of a pipe, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b2943933173360">--pipe-timeout</strong> parameter.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li3306648182712"><span>Export data from the source database.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol1030611489279"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li1830674817277">Log in to the target database, create an internal table, and write data to the table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen1814314454316"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text4798436885"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe( id integer not null, sex text not null, name  text );
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text162239396819"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(1,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text7417411182"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(2,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1568410422084"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(3,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text460518452818"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(4,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text353419472812"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(5,2,'11111111111111');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li1430794862716">Create a write-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen7307174815272"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text15641122016911"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe( id integer not null, age text not null, name  text ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://GDS_IP:GDS_PORT/', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',', NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe') WRITE ONLY;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li8307184814279">Execute the import statement. The statement will be blocked.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen123075486272"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text5520725197"></span>INSERT INTO foreign_test_pipe SELECT * FROM test_pipe;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li153070489272"><span>Import data to the target cluster.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ol2307144862710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li173073486272">Create an internal table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen133071048132720"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text10313372917"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe (id integer not null, sex text not null, name text);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li13071248152720">Create a read-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen199117201494"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1753804013915"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe(like test_pipe) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://GDS_IP:GDS_PORT/', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',', NULL '', EOL '0x0a' , file_type 'pipe', auto_create_pipe 'false');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li230724812719">Run the following command to import data to the table:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen19308748152712"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text523384313910"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe SELECT * FROM foreign_test_pipe;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li10248142913712"><span>View the result returned by the import statement from the target cluster.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen6308948122716"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text17823143961019"></span>SELECT * FROM test_pipe;
+ id | sex |      name
+----+-----+----------------
+  3 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  6 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  7 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  1 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  2 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  4 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  5 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  8 | 2   | 11111111111111
+  9 | 2   | 11111111111111
+(9 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_note791753711206"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p1691703717209">By default, the pipeline file exported from or imported to GDS is named in the format of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_i12417883183360">Database name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_i2122600543360">Schema name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_i9757209973360">Foreign table name </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b15757402863360">.pipe</strong>. Therefore, the database name and schema name of the target cluster must be the same as those of the source cluster. If the database or schema is inconsistent, you can specify the same pipe file in the URL of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_b6190795373360">location</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_p16835165918385">For example:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_ul14237144916155"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li52378494159">Pipe name specified by a write-only foreign table<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen6515144103914"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text18281520142"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe(id integer not null, age text not null, name  text) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://GDS_IP:GDS_PORT/foreign_test_pipe.pipe', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe') WRITE ONLY;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_li102371949111515">Pipe name specified by a read-only foreign table<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_screen039515278158"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494625__en-us_topic_0000001145494827_text1513652016154"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe(like test_pipe) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://GDS_IP:GDS_PORT/foreign_test_pipe.pipe', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe',auto_create_pipe 'false');</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0189.html">Using GDS to Import Data from a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0203.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0203.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494563"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494563"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0204.html">Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0205.html">Introduction to the CopyManager Class</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0206.html">Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0207.html">Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to GaussDB(DWS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0204.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0204.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0204.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Import Using COPY FROM STDIN</h1>
+<div id="body1536562664997"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__a11228b4195b044f9a7b1e266e8caa2e5">This method is applicable to low-concurrency scenarios where a small volume of data is to be imported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__af3258b110fd34958a775ca197cb0cf91">Use either of the following methods to write data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__text489319033">GaussDB(DWS)</span> using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__b27631048113114">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> statement:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__u44981032905640449082175d791e6e9f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__l8569ad7967ca48d58a5e63dbc2bf97ff">Write data into <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__text1932754085">GaussDB(DWS)</span> by typing.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__le8267dc8bc954a99aae27bb4f6ff8df5">Import data from a file or database to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__text626786233">GaussDB(DWS)</span> through the CopyManager interface driven by JDBC. You can use any parameters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974610__b842352706205845">COPY</strong> syntax.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0205.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0205.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90e2fa9e
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0205.html
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Introduction to the CopyManager Class</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ac59159d3832448bfad3bd8768e5eebae">CopyManager is an API interface class provided by the JDBC driver in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__text2028780758">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. It is used to import data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__text884692567">GaussDB(DWS)</span> in batches.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__sa4bc3f3abcfc45a3877a1378f77bb3f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Inheritance Relationship of CopyManager</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ab098e00fd64e40f481104e0194cf102e">The CopyManager class is in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b842352706193825">org.postgresql.copy</strong> package class and is inherited from the java.lang.Object class. The declaration of the class is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__sfdd38abdd5104ffdb270f68e0fcf84dd">public class CopyManager
+extends Object</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__sd5c24421a0dd4d328b78651d88948e05"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constructor Method</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a688703e770c44439872e36cf5c9baee8">public CopyManager(BaseConnection connection)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ae6be88198a7546479bafc7466912e1f2">throws SQLException</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__s4400fc6b3aae4f509309ab311ebbb6da"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Basic Methods</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__t991eaf47a77048c8b0f61d613a79e1a9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Basic methods of CopyManager</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__rf70de13c9218405ea5a2e50985d31472"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a7ed5e8bbe32446a08150b93264807467">Return Value</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a153d14eaec8d47d790f266538533f249">Method</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a74d92066d4734d0ab3f99f0401567cd2">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a3685b500684c4a5eb1c340323a3205fc">Throws</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__rfbfdaa9e5d3947a98c6446549683f9d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ab7c3c9a2c45947eb8928588337ac1cb7">CopyIn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a54cea5fb26c04378ad2ec169cee2ac81">copyIn(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__abb9174b0a4ad43648c8e5a731758fbc1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a95ba0d6e2f5c436db165f467cdbf1b4c">SQLException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__r9c6abae694c741deb9350da068f231cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ae37bb8a22ee04df1bee33a9d39caf758">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a6a490be2055342f3b4a73432d84d0ba4">copyIn(String sql, InputStream from)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a6d11590c20a34dab84506bc676ed26b0">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b842352706193948_1">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly import data to tables in a database from InputStream.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__af0357ed0290448be96c87ff0583dafa1">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__r6155bd97e9cc48689077eb219e00e0ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a7d0c68bb864342f4bdcc839217ab7cbe">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a2325b7ed77084f76aa73dfff0550461d">copyIn(String sql, InputStream from, int bufferSize)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__af6744262614c43e7af2d337a3c0a5758">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b593751171411">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly import data to tables in a database from InputStream.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ab062b71ef62e4cc79ac1fab4dd36a611">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ra6b1a40651ff4968b4c31275fc066aae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ab7a032a677a740e8a32d6954823b46c5">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__aaf9dbaeaf0e143d88a0524acb1a70a8b">copyIn(String sql, Reader from)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__aa09ecbc70847402ab97003b6a8398d20">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b842352706193948_5">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly import data to tables in a database from Reader.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a1fef5a59c315461488bd7f37b283315c">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__r091272b27cdf419784d3c5f315651809"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a0c5bbfe5e56f43bda6d642cc2b479a73">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ac9ef92d3ffae42bb84ae93c142ae7301">copyIn(String sql, Reader from, int bufferSize)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a762ac9572b6e430fb90ee13a259aa90f">Uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b436015314148">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> to quickly import data to tables in a database from Reader.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a98879e7c491d41dc803a0c08b95a290e">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__rda2cc4ae9d8d43ac80ac365e472a7b8c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__aa230d35b9f4c407cb726d42e4a20de3a">CopyOut</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a067c8c430ffb43a995e7248db0ab0301">copyOut(String sql)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a2ada4f8aab5c47b69a63de3273743af8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__acd09070900a747719f2a505c14b8b425">SQLException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__r68f72fbab6bd4045bb555d7c4e1585bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ae9b7f6b003014582a1ad6b5646233da7">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a756cb1a354c14a92a7caceecc5183c4c">copyOut(String sql, OutputStream to)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ae43078dfe13c40c19519d8a30b3b3fa3">Sends the result set of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b842352706194036">COPY TO STDOUT</strong> from a database to the OutputStream class.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__aa741b9130c5d453b992558b2549d4842">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__r51eb1352a86e42af9a8776c3f4ddcf4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a502cccc2ad9a4545b3af00053a70e025">long</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__aa07a235020d74112a1bef14ea7ca371d">copyOut(String sql, Writer to)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__ad6df8cc9eb1349bf8c326d2ccd167f18">Sends the result set of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__b831028473">COPY TO STDOUT</strong> from a database to the Writer class.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814407__a12fc4c1944044f8883afb3bbfb4c4776">SQLException,IOException</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0206.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0206.html
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index 00000000..440d5235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0206.html
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581__en-us_topic_0000001098655094_a79136ca797284d948a4eeae286022381">When the JAVA language is used for secondary development based on <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581__en-us_topic_0000001098655094_text7947937">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you can use the CopyManager interface to export data from the database to a local file or import a local file to the database by streaming. The file can be in CSV or TEXT format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581__en-us_topic_0000001098655094_en-us_topic_0106303462_p537818945212">The sample program is as follows. Load the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581__en-us_topic_0000001098655094_text1927746232">GaussDB(DWS)</span> JDBC driver before running it.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694581__en-us_topic_0000001098655094_s143da5b6311d42da9f905c046cd3f2c6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">  1</span>
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+<span class="normal">104</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.IOException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.FileInputStream</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.FileOutputStream</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Copy</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">urls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.180.155.74:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Database URL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Username</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">// Password</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table_1&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">urls</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassNotFoundException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Export the query result of SELECT * FROM migration_table to the local file d:/data.txt.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;(SELECT * FROM migration_table)&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Import data from the d:/data.txt file to the migration_table_1 table.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">copyFromFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">//Export the data from the migration_table_1 table to the d:/data1.txt file.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;d:/data1.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">copyFromFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableName</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;COPY &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableName</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; FROM STDIN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">finally</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">fileInputStream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">copyToFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableOrQuery</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">FileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FileOutputStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">copyManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyOut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;COPY &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableOrQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; TO STDOUT&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">finally</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">fileOutputStream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495089"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495089"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Example: Migrating Data from MySQL to <span id="en-us_topic_0000001098655090_text1998246280">GaussDB(DWS)</span></h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495089__en-us_topic_0000001098655090_a02b83f0a4e214fdb9d608a621306138c">The following example shows how to use CopyManager to migrate data from MySQL to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495089__en-us_topic_0000001098655090_text1658087719">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495089__en-us_topic_0000001098655090_s64720293e41e4573a8039a2ff56dd019"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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+<span class="normal">66</span>
+<span class="normal">67</span>
+<span class="normal">68</span>
+<span class="normal">69</span>
+<span class="normal">70</span>
+<span class="normal">71</span>
+<span class="normal">72</span>
+<span class="normal">73</span>
+<span class="normal">74</span>
+<span class="normal">75</span>
+<span class="normal">76</span>
+<span class="normal">77</span>
+<span class="normal">78</span>
+<span class="normal">79</span>
+<span class="normal">80</span>
+<span class="normal">81</span>
+<span class="normal">82</span>
+<span class="normal">83</span>
+<span class="normal">84</span>
+<span class="normal">85</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//gsjdbc4.jar is used as an example.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.io.StringReader</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Connection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.DriverManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.ResultSet</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.SQLException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.sql.Statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:postgresql://10.180.155.74:8000/gaussdb&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Database URL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Database username</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="c1">//Database password</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Define table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;|&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="c1">//Define a delimiter.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;UTF8&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Define a character set.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;org.postgresql.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">StringBuffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuffer</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="c1">//Define the buffer to store formatted data.</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Obtain the query result set of the source database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getDataSet</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//Traverse the result set and obtain records row by row.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">//The values of columns in each record are separated by the specified delimiter and end with a newline character to form strings.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1">////Add the strings to the buffer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Connect to the target database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">driver</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pass</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseConnection</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setAutoCommit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Initialize table information.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Copy &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; from STDIN DELIMITER &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot; ENCODING &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;'&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="c1">//Submit data in the buffer.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CopyManager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">StringReader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringReader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">commit</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">baseConn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassNotFoundException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//******************************** </span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//Return the query result set from the source database.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">//********************************* </span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">getDataSet</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ResultSet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">newInstance</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DriverManager</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getConnection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;jdbc:mysql://10.119.179.227:3306/jack?useSSL=false&amp;allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jack&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;********&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">createStatement</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">executeQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;select * from migration_table&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SQLException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">catch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">printStackTrace</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0203.html">Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p8060118">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706161045">gsql</strong> tool of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__text1495556173">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706161054">\copy</strong> meta-command to import data.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__sf746a4145f69425a8fed6cd731fa1c73"><h4 class="sectiontitle">\copy Command</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a3944ce1fb873406986d7f302af63b107">For details about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706161155">\copy</strong> command, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__t3ed8c97d36d74d0da906d0f028ff707c">Table 1</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__t3ed8c97d36d74d0da906d0f028ff707c"></a><a name="t3ed8c97d36d74d0da906d0f028ff707c"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__t3ed8c97d36d74d0da906d0f028ff707c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>\copy meta-command</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__r99153637f54f4056b6cb80bc978f2fd3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ad777dd7511274d14ac37d91b6d65758b">Syntax</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a512a9f68fb614626a3f76898fca8169d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__r55272a0d12574f16bfc85267727ec3a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a9b33a29fb1964002b33741ccab87c94f">\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] |</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a2eff49f7c0994b4e8b2b1d985f3a3682">( query ) } { from | to } { filename |</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a52fefc833a8346bfb29ba7257e7918e4">stdin | stdout | pstdin | pstdout }</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a51e7d3731a8846e5be5a4589451bbabe">[ with ] [ binary ] [ oids ] [ delimiter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ab62f3d207b4c4a748b098586bbec5b34">[ as ] 'character' ] [ null [ as ] 'string' ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p743422203715">[ csv [ header ] [ quote [ as ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a23be8b5fee814840b88c8286992172f8">'character' ] [ escape [ as ] 'character' ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a2d851f2842874a9a893312d63cafdad9">[ force quote column_list | * ] [ force</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a9d802a2b0b644205af49c2564021b773">not null column_list ] ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a06659e8d0c924004824c8632a065a788">You can run this command to import or export data after logging in to the database on any gsql client. Different from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706193229">COPY</strong> statement in SQL, this command performs read/write operations on local files rather than files on database servers. The accessibility and permissions of the local files are restricted to local users.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__note1924115273417"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p1925145210348"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1982719177018">\copy</strong> only applies to small-batch data import with uniform formats but poor error tolerance capability. GDS or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b858118190013">COPY</strong> is preferred for data import.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__s1245c46236a345578ea1ca23745b89a8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__udb8f0b0d03cd4f44b0e8b539c679eb9f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l8eaa3c0df20748e19d2b74ce2eeeaf50">table<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a489f17df673e4c65bac15ca39fabf192"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l8eaa3c0df20748e19d2b74ce2eeeaf50"></a><a name="l8eaa3c0df20748e19d2b74ce2eeeaf50"></a>Specifies the name (possibly schema-qualified) of an existing table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ae26d0b46980940b2bfc02c0345cca6d4">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lc933bf2c53024c3b82adb73e2e23547a">column_list<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a6020bce9071d43ba87682ec7f3ec9397"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lc933bf2c53024c3b82adb73e2e23547a"></a><a name="lc933bf2c53024c3b82adb73e2e23547a"></a>Specifies an optional list of columns to be copied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a62b958b42f004d68a464ea163bdca40d">Value range: any field in the table. If the column list is not specified, all columns in the table will be copied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l9777e2a118ae446b923d0dfb040aa5a6">query<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a6adc2220b11943ffaf4d2fc412d4a485"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l9777e2a118ae446b923d0dfb040aa5a6"></a><a name="l9777e2a118ae446b923d0dfb040aa5a6"></a>Specifies that the results will be copied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a6935f54e6ef14bf598b81758a1a346c0">Valid value: a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1011483211384">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1399504011384">VALUES</strong> command in parentheses.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l7b31f4fca4a443858543483512188d44">filename<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a2158e33ba7fa4220a20c0efeed62a2f6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l7b31f4fca4a443858543483512188d44"></a><a name="l7b31f4fca4a443858543483512188d44"></a>Specifies the absolute path of a file. To run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706161825">\copy</strong> command, the user must have the write permission for this path.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l5a8b8ec8d3b84b1d8d19a91682dda8d7">stdin<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a1ad941b7e98d4dd6b473cf7c67921d99"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l5a8b8ec8d3b84b1d8d19a91682dda8d7"></a><a name="l5a8b8ec8d3b84b1d8d19a91682dda8d7"></a>Specifies that input comes from the client application.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lf64488d094ef478db81a047e9e9d48f6">stdout<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__aae03039c253e4f7d915e5a3a4ea231f8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lf64488d094ef478db81a047e9e9d48f6"></a><a name="lf64488d094ef478db81a047e9e9d48f6"></a>Specifies that output goes to the client application.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__le90e6bb67b994dca904cc633bedb707d">pstdin<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p540453024920"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__le90e6bb67b994dca904cc633bedb707d"></a><a name="le90e6bb67b994dca904cc633bedb707d"></a>Specifies that input comes from the gsql client.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l7285de9fa0fe46a98dc94b9ae8fc4b01">pstout</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l1286779a7feb46a0870b9a9372945136">Specifies that output goes to the gsql client.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l97d68fb85cc74ed7ba70c0a9a9e972c0">binary<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__af01a29dc88e04328baf707347e43aea2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l97d68fb85cc74ed7ba70c0a9a9e972c0"></a><a name="l97d68fb85cc74ed7ba70c0a9a9e972c0"></a>Specifies that data is stored and read in binary mode instead of text mode. In binary mode, you cannot declare <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b696233011251">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1696263019256">NULL</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b59624301252">CSV</strong>. After specifying BINARY, CSV, FIXED and TEXT cannot be specified through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706151632">option</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706151637">copy_option</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l054c748aed754051b381d49b13156fd9">oid<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a308b76d03d224f8ba71c5ac8edf8960b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l054c748aed754051b381d49b13156fd9"></a><a name="l054c748aed754051b381d49b13156fd9"></a>Specifies the internal OID to be copied for each row.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__n959135cd53274798a323699f301b1f0b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a74282d55e111410a9df00b1f1a8bced4">An error is raised if OIDs are specified for a table that does not have OIDs, or in the case of copying a query.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__aba3e98b26d7f47f9a5520fa9383cd789">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706174916">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b84235270616240">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b8423527061633">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706174924">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__af17dfd8dcb304b92afcd55af061aebbe">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b026511148820">false</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l097437d990bb4c09899e8a217df69081">delimiter [ as ] 'character'<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__aa201fb1da8cb4feca299b561fa90bed5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l097437d990bb4c09899e8a217df69081"></a><a name="l097437d990bb4c09899e8a217df69081"></a>Specifies the character that separates columns within each row (line) of the file.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__n9382163b0f854ef89fd37afe5f7f50fe"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__u1291500c6c7d4f3580f72529d260c7a3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l41e6678a1c2341c1afb6dea19723e24a">A delimiter cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b3133142214014">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b17383324184014">\n</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lc81ded9591e94112b90c78baedfeeaba">A delimiter cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b8423527061885">null</strong> value. The delimiter of CSV data cannot be same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b84235270618821">quote</strong> value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l61424f4fd6294c16998c5a5ece94b3e2">The delimiter of TEXT data cannot contain any of the following characters: \.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lda48c0747fa24cbeb8937cc973032dfc">The data length of a single row should be less than 1 GB. A row that has many columns using long delimiters cannot contain much valid data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lb72fc816213c4238a86c708385c98947">You are advised to use multi-characters and invisible characters for delimiters. For example, you can use the multiple-character delimiter "$^&amp;" and invisible delimiters, such as E'\x07', E'\x08', and E'\x1b'.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__aea10c30a101f4001957d64ff30de8bcb">Value range: a multi-character delimiter within 10 bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a985d1feb3c1647d3b691b565e54048b0">Default value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__u5fa702e9527f4263b6db4c0514b98cb1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l1ccc61053abe48aeaf0d3044d32218e9">A tab character in TEXT format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__le76241e1a9c94b199c7d006b8058f776">A comma (,) in CSV format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l3baddb1b412947ccb8013f480ce721a1">No delimiter in FIXED format</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l1ed3d3eef9a14f88a27ae8a8acdb4a2d">null [ as ] 'string'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p278830511508"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l1ed3d3eef9a14f88a27ae8a8acdb4a2d"></a><a name="l1ed3d3eef9a14f88a27ae8a8acdb4a2d"></a>Specifies that a string represents a null value in a data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p496208681508">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__uf3d83f3ff58e4e29956c9e06d12fb8dd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__lf012abfd6a2249be91870aee65674662">A null value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b33325154713">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b2094118318476">\n</strong>. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_li19356921508">A null value cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b2051613314812">delimiter</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706181413">quote</strong> value.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p174212321508">Default value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__u3a0293ac8e244fc6860cc324fb23c618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_li18337011508">An empty string without quotation marks in CSV format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ld71996186ab3477aab2900bb3f36086b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b8423527061586">\N</strong> in TEXT format</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l80dc3828aa254a1dbd55395d08639f5b">header<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__af700de8d59014ffba8d806c35a91ee06"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l80dc3828aa254a1dbd55395d08639f5b"></a><a name="l80dc3828aa254a1dbd55395d08639f5b"></a>Specifies whether a data file contains a table header. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b3229253205320">header</strong> is available only for CSV and FIXED files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a702405200df946a49bb43bbc248f1218">In data import scenarios, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706145433_1">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706101629_1">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as the header and ignored. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b8471932145517">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706164837">off</strong>, the first row will be identified as a data row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p2434321996">If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706162255_1">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0058965600_b84235270616233_1">fileheader</strong> must be specified. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1652551318356">fileheader</strong> specifies the content in the header. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706152947">off</strong>, the exported file does not contain a header.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__en-us_topic_0117407672_p683775815511">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b9489524214">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b14489112923">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b64897217214">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b34891210213">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a3f0ce65cda0145dcb1aeaa6101ed5893">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b943920686">false</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ld93f8ab5dff3434995cfcc966f3095f6">quote [ as ] 'character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a56b0f415ef6141298be953b62bc97b4c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ld93f8ab5dff3434995cfcc966f3095f6"></a><a name="ld93f8ab5dff3434995cfcc966f3095f6"></a>Specifies the quote character for a CSV file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a924cd97d8ea14f76b4408fd29f84d25d">Default value: double quotation mark ("").</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__n2951854f2b624a228f5c7c00121dfd1e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ua69c466df5cb4fa2ae284fb32a553476"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l4397da68db4542cba793a6d03efd4e86">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b357112920415">quote</strong> value cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b084413414417">delimiter</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b765618437418">null</strong> value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l7d009353d4544f11b8db0d0386fd269b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b84235270614567">quote</strong> value must be a single-byte character.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l72c7110da938497bb9d2fabd23e85f87">You are advised to use invisible characters as quotes, for example, E'\x07', E'\x08', and E'\x1b'.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l873c0fb4956a45c78bc147885052e206">escape [ as ] 'character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a2a79e4c702694e3da5f751d251e09600"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l873c0fb4956a45c78bc147885052e206"></a><a name="l873c0fb4956a45c78bc147885052e206"></a>This option is allowed only when using CSV format. This must be a single one-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ab2b46e6b6a674a4794b3d69526b99e25">Default value: double quotation mark (""). If the value is the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706145917">quote</strong> value, it will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b842352706145950">\0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l290a3c520ab14602a5711ac9e13c7f0e">force quote column_list | *<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p102471053171717"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l290a3c520ab14602a5711ac9e13c7f0e"></a><a name="l290a3c520ab14602a5711ac9e13c7f0e"></a>In CSV COPY TO mode, forces quoting to be used for all not-null values in each specified column. NULL will not be quoted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a3dac5a581d5c447da97d3e13f06ce5c7">Value range: an existing column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l71b135cad25d44448a8adae09999cef3">force not null column_list<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__aff1b90c843ff44d2b6c62d014e37e339"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__l71b135cad25d44448a8adae09999cef3"></a><a name="l71b135cad25d44448a8adae09999cef3"></a>In CSV COPY FROM mode, processes each specified column as though it were quoted and hence not a null value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__a2cffecc6bc4544fd9841e28441d80c6d">Value range: an existing column.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__sb77d0d48a8f14b6a8ed23980a4d26094"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p189452022124618">Create the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b6511366198">copy_example</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__screen8149131124510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_example</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">	</span><span class="n">col_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">	</span><span class="n">col_2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">	</span><span class="n">col_3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">	</span><span class="n">col_4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">	</span><span class="n">col_5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__ul1958973904816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__li1858916392486">Example 1: Copy data from stdin to the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b750612231198">copy_example</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__se007bfdc102a4cb58c6054cae97de60f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_example</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stdin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">csv</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p15203346204816">When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b4393530101914">&gt;&gt;</strong> characters are displayed, enter data. Enter a backslash and a period (\.) to end your input.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__sbe2d24e755bd4532b77a3a144100c41a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">Enter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copied</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">followed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newline</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">End</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backslash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">period</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">itself</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;iamtext&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;iamvarchar&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2006</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">07</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">07</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__li1258044212534">Example 2: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1078210444204">example.csv</strong> file is in the local directory <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b9365355142013">/local/data/</strong> and the file contains the header line. (|) is used as the delimiter, and the double quotation marks are used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b13141942132315">quote</strong>. The content is as follows:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p729116478537">iamheader</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p7143149185318">1|"iamtext"|"iamvarchar"|2006-07-07|12:00:00</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p584795010538">2|"iamtext"|"iamvarchar"|2022-07-07|19:00:02</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p354215529531">Import data from the local file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1620285810243">example.csv</strong> to the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1677410542515">copy_example</strong>. If the header option is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b845282543112">on</strong>, the first row is automatically ignored. By default, quotation marks are used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1937114115242">quote</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__screen693416277535"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_example</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'/local/data/example.csv'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'csv'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'|'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyy-mm-dd'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">time_format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hh24:mi:ss'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__li91171589547">Example 3: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b758410203817">example.csv</strong> file is in the local directory <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1128111112383">/local/data/</strong>. The comma (,) is used as the delimiter, and the quotation mark (") is used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b118611343143810">quote</strong>. The last field is missing in the first line, and one more field is added in the second line. The content is as follows:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p1098837115412">1,"iamtext","iamvarchar",2006-07-07</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p298133719543">2,"iamtext","iamvarchar",2022-07-07,19:00:02,12:00:00</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p498837155415">Import data from the local file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b368441733919">example.csv</strong> to the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1243883219396">copy_example</strong>. The default delimiter is (,). Therefore, you do not need to specify the delimiter. Because the fault tolerance parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1789032154019">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b9795637174015">FILL_MISSING_FIELD</strong> are specified, the missing fields will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1751345114018">NULL</strong>, the extra fields are ignored.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__screen6733182265515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_example</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/local/data/example.csv'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'csv'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyy-mm-dd'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hh24:mi:ss'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FILL_MISSING_FIELD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__li5530132813555">Example 4: Export the content of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b1572118664120">copy_example</strong> table to stdout in CSV format, use double quotation marks as for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__b999542674117">quote</strong>, and use quotes to enclose the fourth and fifth columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__screen9536123735617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_example</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stdout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CSV</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&quot;'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">force</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col_4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">col_5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134686__p1727382520485"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using gs_restore to Import Data</h1>
+<div id="body1539573077427"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__section17330121375310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p187815499165">gs_restore is an import tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text1418945053">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can use gs_restore to import the files exported by gs_dump to a database. gs_restore can import the files in .tar, custom, or directory format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p6155153613111">gs_restore can:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ul697411426115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li42511713186">Import data to a database.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p20041811188"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li42511713186"></a><a name="li42511713186"></a>If a database is specified, data is imported to the database. If multiple databases are specified, the password for connecting to each database also needs to be specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li0792743141815">Import data to a script.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p337574541815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li0792743141815"></a><a name="li0792743141815"></a>If no database is specified, a script containing the SQL statement to recreate the database is created and written to a file or standard output. This script output is equivalent to the plain text output of gs_dump.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p14835872173954">You can specify and sort the data to be imported.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__section3467125218532"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__note117544712394"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1928203512155">gs_restore incrementally imports data by default. To prevent data exception caused by consecutive imports, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b4114171494017">-e</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b811619146403">-c</strong> parameters for each import. In this way, existing data is deleted from the target database before each import; the system exists the import task with an error (error message is displayed after the import process is complete) and proceeds with the next.</p>
+</div></div>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__oe3980b2d326a4a2198910be18746c9be"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li1050513501162"><span>Log in to the server as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b133588441499">root</strong> user and run the following command to go to the data storage path:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen1690516551428"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">opt</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__l4071178ed8324f81a1402bdba02a9c59"><span>Use<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b189121037165219"> gs_restore</strong> to import all object definitions from the exported file of the whole <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b472131418481">postgres</strong> database to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b19101546145217"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b5910174616526"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph7966489426">gaussdb</span></strong> database.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__s09288e02fe6f4ed1ae0bbfee78bf3cc5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__a30dbddbedb4b438eb6dbddc99ffdecd0">gs_restore -W</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i4525323115518">password</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b220217225474">-U</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i420012224718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b152003226472"> </strong>jack <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b18200132218474"></strong>/home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__a2315a90f10a74fb2858c1de63f882869">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text85262015101418">8000</span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__a6a81d96f5d4343b79b99e2364c9e9770"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i10117317556"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text1663617501313"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__aec307910f68d4ca382e8f7d5efa720a1">backupdb</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__a69962905f4954ae18d3cfb5a10e52f9f">-s -e -c</strong></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p8232111218592">Username for database connection.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1583152842510">-U jack</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p178831036965">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i57831211143610">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row4650191445011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p9650161425019">-d</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1565110140508">Database to which data will be imported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p7651201455010">-d backupdb</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p341117521853">-p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text18208430131417">8000</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row1312103011521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i133451459102510">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b183458594251">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b17345359102512">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b16345105914258">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b19345115910256">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p195642019125512">-e</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p18979244175512">Exits the current import task and performs the next if an error occurs when you send a SQL statement in the current import task. Error messages are displayed after the import process is complete.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p12782147122820">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row057817297550"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1557922912557">-c</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1762611020568">Cleans existing objects from the target database before the import.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p55791029105515">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__row1339718574716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p18625164815715">-s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1962511481717">Imports only object definitions in schemas and does not import data. Sequence values will also not be imported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1662514481776">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "Server Tools &gt; gs_restore" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i134406557264">Tool Reference</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__section19717152710548"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p32731569181720">Example 1: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b12297113905314">gs_restore</strong> to run the following command to import data and all object definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b197811630185318"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b11781730195319"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph18667182810435">gaussdb</span></strong> database from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b6713141504113">MPPDB_backup.dmp</strong> file (custom format).</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen26148665181720">gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i59712121225">password</em> backup/MPPDB_backup.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text117729588147">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i51382120553"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text61385175512"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:16:26]: restore operation successfu
+gs_restore: total time: 13053  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p11794318181720">Example 2: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b38401244105412">gs_restore</strong> to run the following command to import data and all object definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1414118325414"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b16141936548"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph410338194318">gaussdb</span></strong> database from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b12587629164212">MPPDB_backup.tar</strong> file.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen39040002181720">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text133144111518">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i105020755517"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text450107135514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb 
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:21:32]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:21:32]: total time: 21203  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__afc3bedbe9aae45b787fa3b5c329a931d">Example 3: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b159120422547">gs_restore</strong> to run the following command to import data and all object definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1824121415412"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b98244145542"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph14471544134312">gaussdb</span></strong> database from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1718710223433">MPPDB_backup</strong> directory.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__s71ddfe423af54979b97b4fde5bec6c98">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text116635371514">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i373241311555"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text273316138556"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:26:46]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:26:46]: total time: 21003  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p791283616719">Example 4: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b0655144025417">gs_restore</strong> to run the following command to import all object definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b75019261549"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b750119263548"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph263510515437">gaussdb</span></strong> database to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b2398191210616">backupdb</strong> database. Before the import, there are complete definitions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1599912715553"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b9999157115514"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ph3420194114411">gaussdb</span></strong> database. After the import, all object definitions exist in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b129112052205414">backupdb</strong> database and there is no data in tables.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen1991411368719">gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i177141414219">password</em> /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text19809147161519">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i942152485414"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text3431024165419"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -s -e -c 
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:46:27]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:46:27]: total time: 32993  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p26349210181720">Example 5: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import data and all definitions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b19286899515">PUBLIC</strong> schema from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1972016176519">MPPDB_backup.dmp</strong> file. Existing objects are deleted from the target database before the import. If an existing object references to an object in another schema, you need to manually delete the referenced object first.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen35816306181720">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text7510141019153">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i47949190553"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text479421925514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -e -c -n PUBLIC
+gs_restore: [archiver (db)] Error while PROCESSING TOC:
+gs_restore: [archiver (db)] Error from TOC entry 313; 1259 337399 TABLE table1 gaussdba
+gs_restore: [archiver (db)] could not execute query: ERROR:  cannot drop table table1 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view t1.v1 depends on table table1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+Command was: DROP TABLE public.table1;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p48339769181720">Manually delete the referenced object and create it again after the import is complete.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen32404745181720">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text16672915131514">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i358143245519"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text155993245512"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -e -c -n PUBLIC
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:52:26]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:52:26]: total time: 2203  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p59867401181720">Example 6: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import the definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b81171826164419">hr.staffs</strong> table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b9117162624412">PUBLIC</strong> schema from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b141181926134411">MPPDB_backup.dmp</strong> file. Before the import, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1944548514">hr.staffs</strong> table does not exist.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen1935700181720">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text1189414178158">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i1377343815554"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text5773173855517"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -e -c -s -n PUBLIC -t hr.staffs
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:56:29]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 19:56:29]: total time: 21000  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p14777089181720">Example 7: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b11420153194616">hr.staffs</strong> table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b184203344611">PUBLIC</strong> schema from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b18420735469">MPPDB_backup.dmp</strong> file. Before the import, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b89156209232">hr.staffs</strong> table is empty.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen65884940181720">gs_restore backup/MPPDB_backup.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text57931825121510">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i9112943135517"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text6112104314559"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -e -a -n PUBLIC -t hr.staffs
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 20:12:32]: restore operation successful
+gs_restore[2017-07-21 20:12:32]: total time: 20203  ms</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__ab7913370c9984595ab773aa3f38f1bcb">Example 8: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import the definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b146434274717">hr.staffs</strong> table. Before the import, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b178015014715391">hr.staffs</strong> table contains data.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__sf902ee2293cd447ab8a4ba9ad73b6d91">human_resource=# select * from hr.staffs;
+ staff_id | first_name  |  last_name  |  email   |    phone_number    |      hire_date      | employment_id |  salary  | commission_pct | manager_id | section_id 
+----------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------+----------+----------------+------------+------------
+      200 | Jennifer    | Whalen      | JWHALEN  | 515.123.4444       | 1987-09-17 00:00:00 | AD_ASST       |  4400.00 |                |        101 |         10
+      201 | Michael     | Hartstein   | MHARTSTE | 515.123.5555       | 1996-02-17 00:00:00 | MK_MAN        | 13000.00 |                |        100 |         20
+
+gsql -d human_resource -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text1891103361520">8000</span>
+gsql ((GaussDB 8.1.1 build af002019) compiled at 2020-01-10 05:43:20 commit 6995 last mr 11566 )
+Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
+Type "help" for help.
+
+human_resource=# drop table hr.staffs CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view hr.staff_details_view
+DROP TABLE
+
+gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i7124111519213">password</em> /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text14931103651519">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i12800125165517"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text118007511553"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d human_resource -n hr -t staffs -s -e 
+restore operation successful
+total time: 904  ms
+
+human_resource=# select * from hr.staffs;
+ staff_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone_number | hire_date | employment_id | salary | commission_pct | manager_id | section_id 
+----------+------------+-----------+-------+--------------+-----------+---------------+--------+----------------+------------+------------
+(0 rows)</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__a1ad06da51da94ca19f3a44af7e57dcbe">Example 9: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import data and definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b19322659162714">staffs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b179701328284">areas</strong> tables. Before the import, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b16527921132817">staffs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b155021424152818">areas</strong> tables do not exist.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__secb1aade8c5843fcb0be09ef78524f7e">human_resource=# \d
+                                 List of relations
+ Schema |        Name        | Type  |  Owner   |             Storage              
+--------+--------------------+-------+----------+----------------------------------
+ hr     | employment_history | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | employments        | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | places             | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | sections           | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | states             | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+(5 rows)
+
+gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i102301916824">password</em> /home/mppdb/backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text10931344171510">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i14913741151313"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text129141441201314"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d human_resource -n hr -t staffs -n hr -t areas 
+restore operation successful
+total time: 724  ms
+
+human_resource=# \d
+                                 List of relations
+ Schema |        Name        | Type  |  Owner   |             Storage              
+--------+--------------------+-------+----------+----------------------------------
+ hr     | areas              | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | employment_history | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | employments        | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | places             | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | sections           | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | staffs             | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+ hr     | states             | table |  | {orientation=row,compression=no}
+(7 rows)
+
+human_resource=# select * from hr.areas;
+ area_id |       area_name        
+---------+------------------------
+       4 | Iron
+       1 | Wood
+       2 | Lake
+       3 | Desert
+(4 rows)</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__aad303b8c85814f21ad00bee9f93f1293">Example 10: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import data and all object definitions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b8463455184717">hr</strong> schema.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__s4c65a072343c41e9a54818cf79d33629">gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i532514172211">password</em>  /home//backup/MPPDB_backup1.sql -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text126525483158">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i284392065611"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text168432201562"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -n hr -e -c
+restore operation successful
+total time: 702  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__p1775964415426">Example 11: Use gs_restore to run the following command to import all object definitions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1924912567295">hr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b17528205305">hr1</strong> schemas to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b14475165653217">backupdb</strong> database.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__screen1876004419426">gs_restore -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i13397818923">password</em> /home//backup/MPPDB_backup2.dmp -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text77551751121518">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i874210265566"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text18742122612563"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb -n hr -n hr1 -s
+restore operation successful
+total time: 665  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__aa93c12ef012640778f311f259d119006">Example 12: Use gs_restore to run the following command to decrypt the files exported from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b822574810480">human_resource</strong> database and import them to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b15226848164820">backupdb</strong> database.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__s1aab36f34a2d4475aa8cf12b209a8579"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text2836131213462"></span>create database backupdb;
+CREATE DATABASE
+
+gs_restore /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text4955145411152">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i1380614282124"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text10807172851214"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb --with-key=1234567812345678
+restore operation successful
+total time: 23472  ms
+
+gsql -d backupdb -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text13182359131517">8000</span> -r
+gsql ((GaussDB 8.1.1 build af002019) compiled at 2020-01-10 05:43:20 commit 6995 last mr 11566 )
+Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
+Type "help" for help.
+
+backupdb=# select * from hr.areas;
+ area_id |       area_name        
+---------+------------------------
+       4 | Iron
+       1 | Wood
+       2 | Lake
+       3 | Desert
+(4 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__abd2fd2da5f0249aaa44ab302ea95a6fc">Example 13: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1438211410336">user1</strong> does not have the permission for importing data from an exported file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b18186673414">backupdb</strong> database and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b581822615342">role1</strong> has this permission. To import the exported data to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b26871631133812">backupdb</strong> database, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b1938922013618">--role</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__b814763463617">role1</strong> in the export command.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__se3734f2c3b9540d686db0d91ec8769bd">human_resource=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i15511142018225">password</em>';
+
+gs_restore -U user1 -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i180311384229">password</em> /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text031145181610">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i18957183619562"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text7957173614562"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -d backupdb --role role1 --rolepassword <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__i015985212229">password</em>
+restore operation successful
+total time: 554  ms
+
+gsql -d backupdb -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894755__text844218819166">8000</span> -r 
+gsql ((GaussDB 8.1.1 build af002019) compiled at 2020-01-10 05:43:20 commit 6995 last mr 11566 )
+Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
+Type "help" for help.
+
+backupdb=# select * from hr.areas;
+ area_id |       area_name        
+---------+------------------------
+       4 | Iron
+       1 | Wood
+       2 | Lake
+       3 | Desert
+(4 rows)</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0987.html">Metadata Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0210.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0210.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d8463d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0210.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099761062"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099761062"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099761062__en-us_topic_0000001083024571_en-us_topic_0109259513_en-us_topic_0101455467_p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0066.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0212.html">Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0214.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0215.html">Importing Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0216.html">Deleting Resources</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0217.html">Error Handling</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p20390204373512">Before importing data from MRS to a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster, you must have:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_ol382575493513"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li482575483516">Created an MRS cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li6825754183517">Created the Hive/Spark ORC table in the MRS cluster and stored the table data to the HDFS path corresponding to the table.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p48195853145921">If you have completed the preparations, skip this section.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p166216918494">In this tutorial, the Hive ORC table will be created in the MRS cluster as an example to complete the preparation work. The process for creating the Spark ORC table in the MRS cluster and the SQL syntax are similar to those of Hive.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data File</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p7523163718476">The sample data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b84235270617837">product_info.txt</strong> data file is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen1650215324201">100,XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3,2017-09-01,A,2017 Autumn New Shirt Women,red,M,328,2017-09-04,715,good
+205,KDKE-B-9947-#kL5,2017-09-01,A,2017 Autumn New Knitwear Women,pink,L,584,2017-09-05,406,very good!
+300,JODL-X-1937-#pV7,2017-09-01,A,2017 autumn new T-shirt men,red,XL,1245,2017-09-03,502,Bad.
+310,QQPX-R-3956-#aD8,2017-09-02,B,2017 autumn new jacket women,red,L,411,2017-09-05,436,It's really super nice
+150,ABEF-C-1820-#mC6,2017-09-03,B,2017 Autumn New Jeans Women,blue,M,1223,2017-09-06,1200,The seller's packaging is exquisite
+200,BCQP-E-2365-#qE4,2017-09-04,B,2017 autumn new casual pants men,black,L,997,2017-09-10,301,The clothes are of good quality.
+250,EABE-D-1476-#oB1,2017-09-10,A,2017 autumn new dress women,black,S,841,2017-09-15,299,Follow the store for a long time.
+108,CDXK-F-1527-#pL2,2017-09-11,A,2017 autumn new dress women,red,M,85,2017-09-14,22,It's really amazing to buy
+450,MMCE-H-4728-#nP9,2017-09-11,A,2017 autumn new jacket women,white,M,114,2017-09-14,22,Open the package and the clothes have no odor
+260,OCDA-G-2817-#bD3,2017-09-12,B,2017 autumn new woolen coat women,red,L,2004,2017-09-15,826,Very favorite clothes
+980,ZKDS-J-5490-#cW4,2017-09-13,B,2017 Autumn New Women's Cotton Clothing,red,M,112,2017-09-16,219,The clothes are small
+98,FKQB-I-2564-#dA5,2017-09-15,B,2017 autumn new shoes men,green,M,4345,2017-09-18,5473,The clothes are thick and it's better this winter.
+150,DMQY-K-6579-#eS6,2017-09-21,A,2017 autumn new underwear men,yellow,37,2840,2017-09-25,5831,This price is very cost effective
+200,GKLW-l-2897-#wQ7,2017-09-22,A,2017 Autumn New Jeans Men,blue,39,5879,2017-09-25,7200,The clothes are very comfortable to wear
+300,HWEC-L-2531-#xP8,2017-09-23,A,2017 autumn new shoes women,brown,M,403,2017-09-26,607,good
+100,IQPD-M-3214-#yQ1,2017-09-24,B,2017 Autumn New Wide Leg Pants Women,black,M,3045,2017-09-27,5021,very good.
+350,LPEC-N-4572-#zX2,2017-09-25,B,2017 Autumn New Underwear Women,red,M,239,2017-09-28,407,The seller's service is very good
+110,NQAB-O-3768-#sM3,2017-09-26,B,2017 autumn new underwear women,red,S,6089,2017-09-29,7021,The color is very good 
+210,HWNB-P-7879-#tN4,2017-09-27,B,2017 autumn new underwear women,red,L,3201,2017-09-30,4059,I like it very much and the quality is good.
+230,JKHU-Q-8865-#uO5,2017-09-29,C,2017 Autumn New Clothes with Chiffon Shirt,black,M,2056,2017-10-02,3842,very good</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p4707194216174"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section17710193111494"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Hive ORC Table in an MRS Cluster</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_ol596585324916"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li610292175116">Create an MRS cluster.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_p327965243618"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li610292175116"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li610292175116"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_ph4697659163611">For details, see "Creating a Cluster &gt; Custom Creation of a Cluster" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__i255911441503">MapReduce Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__li1053201072811">Download the client.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__ol1839312372814"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__li12393152319283">Go back to the MRS cluster page. Click the cluster name. On the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b3377218104111">Dashboard</strong> tab page of the cluster details page, click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b6378121810410">Access Manager</strong>. If a message is displayed indicating that EIP needs to be bound, bind an EIP first.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__li144140315297">Enter the username <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b16192155344112">admin</strong> and its password for logging in to MRS Manager. The password is the one you entered when creating the MRS cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__li51752683016">Choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b172909512427">Services</strong> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b92901659425">Download Client</strong>. Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b1729105134217">Client Type</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b1529125164215">Only configuration files</strong> and set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b172921594217">Download To</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b5292105104215">Server</strong>. Click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__b1091513314450">OK</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__p1597118183118"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__image15954201814314" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001217970670.png"></span></p>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li14725131112614"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li14725131112614"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li14725131112614"></a>Log in to the Hive client of the MRS cluster.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_ol5884554142019"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li9214205214208">Log in to a Master node.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_p1638611202389"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li9214205214208"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li9214205214208"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_ph88081243386">For details, see "Remote Login Guide &gt; Logging In to a Master Node" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__i6961144217415">MapReduce Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li141551359102716">Run the following command to switch the user:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen1829592632812">sudo su - omm</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li5310293617727">Run the following command to go to the client directory:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen5555184313282">cd /opt/client</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li6464792217731">Run the following command to configure the environment variables:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen1755017813295">source bigdata_env</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_li1388912510181">If Kerberos authentication is enabled for the current cluster, run the following command to authenticate the current user. The current user must have the permission for creating Hive tables. For details, see "Creating a Role" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__i1977410229112">MapReduce Service User Guide</em>. Configure a role with the required permissions. For details, see "Creating a Role" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__i133711030105317">MapReduce Service User Guide</em>. Bind a role to the user. If the Kerberos authentication is disabled for the current cluster, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_screen10522753236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b46997547217">kinit</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_i615612311">MRS cluster user</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_p188507194203">Example: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b172871881232">kinit hiveuser</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li393313508298">Run the following command to start the Hive client:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen1033628113010">beeline</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li2965165364910">Create a database demo on Hive.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p772915035915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li2965165364910"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li2965165364910"></a>Run the following command to create the database demo:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen19556195525916">CREATE DATABASE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i61291258181811">demo</em>;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li3918155310532">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b84235270610625">product_info</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b84235270610636">Hive TEXTFILE</strong> type in the database demo and import the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018">Data File</a> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b84235270610711">product_info.txt</strong>) to the HDFS path corresponding to the table.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p207721924191516">Run the following command to switch to the database demo:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen160482212169">USE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i1845335410180">demo</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p15840911125717">Run the following command to create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b8423527061091">product_info</strong> and define the table fields based on data in the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018">Data File</a>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen5420145345710">DROP TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i13919174183">product_info</em>;
+
+CREATE TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i18856171901817">product_info </em>
+(    
+    product_price                int            ,
+    product_id                   char(30)       ,
+    product_time                 date           ,
+    product_level                char(10)       ,
+    product_name                 varchar(200)   ,
+    product_type1                varchar(20)    ,
+    product_type2                char(10)       ,
+    product_monthly_sales_cnt    int            ,
+    product_comment_time         date           ,
+    product_comment_num          int        ,
+    product_comment_content      varchar(200)                   
+) 
+row format delimited fields terminated by ',' 
+stored as TEXTFILE;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_p2119181543920"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_ph15936220123916">For details about how to import data to an MRS cluster, see "Cluster Operation Guide &gt; Managing Active Clusters &gt; Managing Data Files" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__i168716518588">MapReduce Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li89651653174915">Create a Hive ORC table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b842352706101330">product_info_orc</strong> in the database demo.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p17914350195812">Run the following command to create the Hive ORC table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b842352706101611">product_info_orc</strong>. The table fields are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b842352706101618">product_info</strong> table created in the previous step.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen1312214199597">DROP TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i166964514165">product_info_orc</em>;
+
+CREATE TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i8525134819161">product_info_orc</em>
+(    
+    product_price                int            ,
+    product_id                   char(30)       ,
+    product_time                 date           ,
+    product_level                char(10)       ,
+    product_name                 varchar(200)   ,
+    product_type1                varchar(20)    ,
+    product_type2                char(10)       ,
+    product_monthly_sales_cnt    int            ,
+    product_comment_time         date           ,
+    product_comment_num          int            ,
+    product_comment_content      varchar(200)                   
+) 
+row format delimited fields terminated by ',' 
+stored as orc;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li139651532491">Insert data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b842352706101724">product_info</strong> table to the Hive ORC table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b842352706101739">product_info_orc</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen19890124905512">insert into <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i3563318172">product_info_orc </em>select * from <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i7417158101718">product_info</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p1085414111575">Query table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_b84235270610182">product_info_orc</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_screen735414118573">select * from <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_i46265441713">product_info_orc</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_p18872064582">If data displayed in the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018">Data File</a> can be queried, the data has been successfully inserted to the ORC table.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p143401232191816">In the syntax <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b142231738194616">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong> for creating a foreign table, you need to specify a foreign server associated with the MRS data source connection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p22484229371">When you create an MRS data source connection on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> management console, the database administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__b41421941124514">dbadmin</strong> automatically creates a foreign server in the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__b131437414457">postgres</strong>. If you want to create a foreign table in the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__b11134130114617">postgres</strong> to read MRS data, skip this section.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p129865112523">To allow a common user to create a foreign table in a user-defined database to read MRS data, you must manually create a foreign server in the user-defined database. This section describes how does a common user create a foreign server in a user-defined database. The procedure is as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ol1368815211919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li186881231920">Ensure that an MRS data source connection has been created for the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_ph417419975517">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_p114121921104019"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph49612052517">For details, see "Managing MRS Data Sources &gt; Creating an MRS Data Source Connection" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__i39591352313">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li268817251913"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section765119474519">Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li36884218197"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section070174417129">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a></li></ol>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_note1596044164318"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p10960174134318">If you no longer need to read data from the MRS data source and have deleted the MRS data source on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_ph1933119180555">GaussDB(DWS)</span> management console, only the foreign server automatically created in the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__b1982711581364">gaussdb</strong> will be deleted, and the manually created foreign server needs to be deleted manually. For details about the deletion, see <a href="dws_04_0216.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_section79551640133718">Deleting the Manually Created Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section765119474519"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section765119474519"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section765119474519"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p12921550135117">In the following example, a common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b8449128193415">dbuser</strong> and a database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b17449122810344">mydatabase</strong> are created. Then, an administrator is used to grant foreign table permissions to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b13449828133415">dbuser</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ol829775011517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_li142731428201114"><span>Connect to the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b825619498913">gaussdb</strong> as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_ph6572122717556">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_a6cd9e107bfd243c8b4dd75dc2755fc2d">For example, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b41104516920">gsql</strong> client to connect to the database by running the following command:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen8320450165111">gsql -d postgres -h <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i1733610509515">192.168.2.30</em> -U dbadmin -p 8000 -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__i1932438565">password </em>-r</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p203461450165111">Enter your password as prompted.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li1754135025112"><span>Create a common user and use it to create a database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p85530506517">Create a user named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b12668144373620">dbuser</strong> that has the permission to create databases.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen145571950115118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b256917503513">CREATE USER</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i185721650175111">dbuser </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b257685045116">WITH </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i10580155015119">CREATEDB </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b1158565016518">PASSWORD </strong>'<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__i4525323115518">password</em>';</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p1059605020512">Switch to the created user.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen760095055111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b124141954596">SET ROLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i1641418555918">dbuser</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b104148517595">PASSWORD </strong>'<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__i1427371145715">password</em>';</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p1963475020515">Run the following command to create a database:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen4638450115118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b841911517592">CREATE</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b9419259592"> DATABASE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i141919585919">mydatabase</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p3658185085119">Query the database.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_s7b213b09aec54d51a415f31de9f34c2a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_a53d58016c06340d796e2871fc3406916">SELECT * FROM pg_database;</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p106747500513">The database is successfully created if the returned result contains information about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b3108143115442">mydatabase</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen968475085113">datname   | datdba | encoding | datcollate | datctype | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | dattablespace | datcompatibility |                       datacl
+
+------------+--------+----------+------------+----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------------------------
+--------------
+ template1  |     10 |        0 | C          | C        | t             | t            |           -1 |         14146 |         1351 |          1663 | ORA              | {=c/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph158086103163">Ruby</span>,omm=CTc/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph61771016131617">Ruby</span>}
+ template0  |     10 |        0 | C          | C        | t             | f            |           -1 |         14146 |         1350 |          1663 | ORA              | {=c/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph5222212164">Ruby</span>,<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph738892510162">Ruby</span>=CTc/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph388143018166">Ruby</span>}
+ postgres   |     10 |        0 | C          | C        | f             | t            |           -1 |         14146 |         1352 |          1663 | ORA              | {=Tc/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph1031013358169">Ruby</span>,<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph984433991618">Ruby</span>=CTc/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph3670164411161">Ruby</span>,chaojun=C/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph79200507167">Ruby</span>,hu
+obinru=C/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph1070454345611">Ruby</span>}
+ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b15393123121311">mydatabase</strong> |  17000 |        0 | C          | C        | f             | t            |           -1 |         14146 |         1351 |          1663 | ORA              |
+(4 rows)</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_lbb4792f399454947b6f66f19fbda4546"><span>Grant the permissions for creating foreign servers and using foreign tables to a common user as the administrator.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_p20362151612179">Use the connection to create a database as a database administrator.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_a4bfb3f8aae0a416980e919e61dc06aac">You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b08648541099">gsql</strong> client to run the following command, switching to an administrator user, and connect to the new database:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen17601950165117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b1577055085115">\c</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b277375016517"> </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i477685017518">mydatabase dbadmin</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p147831050185118">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_note17786550145118"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p1879955025116">Note that you must use the administrator account to connect to the database where a foreign server is to be created and foreign tables are used; and then grant permissions to the common user.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p879945010516">By default, only system administrators can create foreign servers. Common users can create foreign servers only after being authorized. Run the following command to grant the permission:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen7802125013517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b84448514591">GRANT ALL ON</strong> FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER hdfs_fdw <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b164447585914">TO</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i114442519593">dbuser</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p2082119504512">The name of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b97502397413">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</strong> must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b157501539114116">hdfs_fdw</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b1075013904112">dbuser</strong> is the username for creating <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b13750133916419">SERVER</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p1382575017513">Run the following command to grant the user the permission to use foreign tables:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen282835065114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b148381150145119">ALTER USER</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i1841950195113">dbuser</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b1684412504514">USEFT</strong>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p17847195011516">Query for the user.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen1585195065113">SELECT r.rolname, r.rolsuper, r.rolinherit,
+  r.rolcreaterole, r.rolcreatedb, r.rolcanlogin,
+  r.rolconnlimit, r.rolvalidbegin, r.rolvaliduntil,
+  ARRAY(SELECT b.rolname
+        FROM pg_catalog.pg_auth_members m
+        JOIN pg_catalog.pg_roles b ON (m.roleid = b.oid)
+        WHERE m.member = r.oid) as memberof
+, r.rolreplication
+, r.rolauditadmin
+, r.rolsystemadmin
+, r.roluseft
+FROM pg_catalog.pg_roles r
+ORDER BY 1;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p38611150155111">The authorization is successful if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706113153">dbuser</strong> information in the returned result contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b133971541171319">UseFT</strong> permission.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen1486415504517"> rolname  | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolconnlimit | rolvalidbegin | rolvaliduntil | memberof | rolreplication | rolauditadmin | rolsystemadmin | <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b0101144815363">roluseft</strong>
+-----------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------------+----------
+ dbuser    | f        | t          | f             | t           | t           |           -1 |               |               | {}       | f              | f             | f              | t
+ lily      | f        | t          | f             | f           | t           |           -1 |               |               | {}       | f              | f             | f              | f
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__ph103182351719">Ruby</span>       | t        | t          | t             | t           | t           |           -1 |               |               | {}       | t              | t             | t              |<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b17952185323619"> t</strong></pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section070174417129"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section070174417129"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section070174417129"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ol62901748313"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li192864493116"><span>Connect to the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b1943648151915">gaussdb</strong> as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_ph25485443528">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_a5fc88bf06fb14b88a4d77cd3859351da">You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b1687418231013">gsql</strong> client to log in to the database in either of the following ways:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p10529175864113">You can use either of the following methods to create the connection:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ul1987102122918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li286821192916">If you have logged in to the gsql client, run the following command to switch the database and user:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen78672118298"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b88615211297">\c</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b2755124135614"> </strong>postgres dbadmin;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p393324232911">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li28642119290">If you have not logged in to the gsql client or have exited the gsql client by running the <b><span class="cmdname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_cmdname20356639125315">\q</span></b> command, run the following command to reconnect to it:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen398519063110">gsql -d postgres -h <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i799010163118">192.168.2.30</em> -U dbadmin -p 8000 -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__i753691795710">password</em> -r</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li142862473118"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li142862473118"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li142862473118"></a><span>Run the following command to query the information about the foreign server that is automatically created:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen3286541318">SELECT * FROM pg_foreign_server;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p32869417313">The returned result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen162869416315">                     srvname                      | srvowner | srvfdw | srvtype | srvversion | srvacl |                                                     srvoptions
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ gsmpp_server                                     |       10 |  13673 |         |            |        |
+ gsmpp_errorinfo_server                           |       10 |  13678 |         |            |        |
+ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b2891145517415">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</strong> |    16476 |  13685 |         |            |        | {<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b181851322750">"address=192.168.1.245:25000,192.168.1.218:25000",hdfscfgpath=/MRS/8f79ada0-d998-4026-9020-80d6de2692ca</strong>,type=hdfs}
+(3 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p125530415398">In the query result, each row contains the information about a foreign server. The foreign server associated with the MRS data source connection contains the following information:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ul35541483911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li1255512414397">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706114911">srvname</strong> contains <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_parmvalue440033319114926"><b>hdfs_server</b></span> and the ID of the MRS cluster, which is the same as the MRS ID in the cluster list on the MRS management console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li19558134113914">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b84235270611527">address</strong> parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706115211">srvoptions</strong> field contains the IP addresses and ports of the active and standby nodes in the MRS cluster.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p165618463911">You can find the foreign server you want based on the above information and record the values of its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706115338">srvname</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706115342">srvoptions</strong>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li16757220114119"><span>Switch to the user who is about to create a foreign server to connect to the corresponding database.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p17718143239">In this example, run the following command to use common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706115548">dbuser</strong> created in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_section765119474519">Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</a> to connect to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706115637">mydatabase</strong> created by the user:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen1163511110314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b2049445195914">\c</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b34949575913"> </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i1649425205920">mydatabase dbuser</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li5290144113112"><span>Create a foreign server.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p8991101111566">For details about the syntax for creating foreign servers, see CREATE SERVER. For example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen11290114183116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b172204444358">CREATE SERVER</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i14681516142">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b1982813411406">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER </strong>HDFS_FDW 
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_b17838165617358">OPTIONS </strong>
+(
+address <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i1971186164617">'192.168.1.245:25000,192.168.1.218:25000'</em>, 
+hdfscfgpath <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i9934511124615">'/MRS/8f79ada0-d998-4026-9020-80d6de2692ca',</em>
+type 'hdfs'
+);</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p529094113116">Mandatory parameters are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ul72904473112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li20112247502"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_i842352697115845">Name of the foreign server</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p597517818226">You can customize a name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p14825494018">In this example, specify the name to the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b84235270614142">srvname</strong> field recorded in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li142862473118">2</a>, such as <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_i425787841419">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p172607412714">Resources in different databases are isolated. Therefore, the names of foreign servers in different databases can be the same.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li19490175515519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b28224115532">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p183267571517">This parameter can only be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b84235270614299">HDFS_FDW</strong>, which already exists in the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li18678132185718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b0652215175318">OPTIONS</strong> parameters<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p4600144865711">Set the following parameters to the values under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706143059">srvoptions</strong> recorded in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li142862473118">2</a>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ul18824445155713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li14824174512577">address<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p882410453571"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li14824174512577"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li14824174512577"></a>Specifies the IP address and port number of the primary and standby nodes of the HDFS cluster.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li108241245175711">hdfscfgpath<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p18824134515575"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li108241245175711"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li108241245175711"></a>Specifies the configuration file path of the HDFS cluster. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b84235270610957">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b84235270610100">HDFS</strong>. You can set only one path.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li164581429113218">type<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p34741157387"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li164581429113218"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li164581429113218"></a>Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706143610">hdfs</strong>, which indicates that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_b842352706143623">HDFS_FDW</strong> connects to HDFS.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_li1532292418484"><span>View the foreign server.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen1329004143114">SELECT * FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_ph133139431845"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_i131317435412">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</em></span>';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_p182901244318">The server is successfully created if the returned result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099441086__en-us_topic_0000001082926737_en-us_topic_0109259516_en-us_topic_0101997156_screen1290843319">                     srvname                      | srvowner | srvfdw | srvtype | srvversion | srvacl |                                                     srvoptions
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca |    16476 |  13685 |         |            |        | {"address=192.168.1.245:25000,192.168.1.218:25000",hdfscfgpath=/MRS/8f79ada0-d998-4026-9020-80d6de2692ca,type=hdfs}
+(1 row)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0214.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0214.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e42e0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0214.html
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p12167448953">This section describes how to create a Hadoop foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to access the Hadoop structured data stored on MRS HDFS. A Hadoop foreign table is read-only. It can only be queried using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0058966095_b84235270616358">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1781317284522"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul14134183317521"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li16135183315529">You have created an MRS cluster and imported data to the ORC table in the Hive/Spark database.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p201202236143"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li16135183315529"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li16135183315529"></a>For details, see <a href="dws_04_0212.html">Preparing Data in an MRS Cluster</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li413773395211">You have created an MRS data source connection for the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph1231065219554">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_p18826182113418"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph12700142714411">For details, see "Managing MRS Data Sources &gt; Creating an MRS Data Source Connection" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__i437154719354">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section129581728111417"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section129581728111417"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section129581728111417"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Obtaining the HDFS Path of the MRS Data Source</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p17188143052113">There are two methods for you to obtain the HDFS path.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul136721313192218"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li1967241362218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1916355181810">Method 1</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1146913578211">For Hive data, log in to the Hive client of MRS (see <a href="dws_04_0212.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_li14725131112614">2</a>), run the following command to view the detailed information about the table, and record the data storage path in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1946122319525">location</strong> parameter:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen0471185712219">use <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i1649208145">&lt;database_name&gt;</em>;
+desc formatted <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i1947595719217">&lt;</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i54751575215">table_name&gt;</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p447735792116">For example, if the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1334107771145413">location</strong> parameter in the returned result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706145431">hdfs://hacluster/user/hive/warehouse/demo.db/product_info_orc/</strong>, the HDFS path is <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_filepath1907981943145454"><b>/user/hive/warehouse/demo.db/product_info_orc/</b></span>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li1734942419246"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1891131519203">Method 2</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p12857598199">Perform the following steps to obtain the HDFS path:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ol133446512517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li3342652252">Log in to the MRS management console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li113444515257">Choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b16983835112010">Cluster</strong> &gt; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b2098314351209">Active Cluster</strong> and click the name of the cluster to be queried to enter the page displaying the cluster's basic information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li183449512519">Click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706145831">File Management</strong> and select <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706145836">HDFS File List</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li334495162512">Go to the storage directory of the data to be imported to the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph1271435905518">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster and record the path.<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_fig2034415511255"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Checking the data storage path on MRS</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_image78001435185912" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099282726.png"></span></div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1760214326239"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1760214326239"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1760214326239"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Obtaining Information About the Foreign Server Connected to the MRS Data Source</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ol12476147152417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li13611353115919"><span>Use the user who creates the foreign server to connect to the corresponding database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1142911556417">Determine whether to use a common user to create a foreign table in the customized database based on requirements.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul13937828193619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li6936228103619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b172811246122311">Yes</strong><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ol19707185114362"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li17131512367">Ensure that you have created the common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b84235270615437">dbuser</strong> and its database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b84235270615453">mydatabase</strong>, and manually created a foreign server in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b35320274015532">mydatabase</strong> by following steps in <a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_li82301159133818">Connect to the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1669582716232">mydatabase</strong> as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b20709104620236">dbuser</strong> through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph5753153755611">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_p20172546401">If you have connected to the database using the gsql client, run the following command to switch the user and database:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen1675425183610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b10773155133618">\c</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b1078255116366"> </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i778975183615">mydatabase dbuser</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p548195616400">Enter your password as prompted.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li1993716286361"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b2097615522510">No</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p355519151375">When you create an MRS data source connection on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph634814575613">GaussDB(DWS)</span> management console, the database administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__b72071412101115">dbadmin</strong> automatically creates a foreign server in the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__b1584512333114">postgres</strong>. If you create a foreign table in the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__b945410502112">postgres</strong> as the database administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__b832817409171">dbadmin</strong>, you need to connect to the database using the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph1514105311569">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. For example, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b1347119494222">gsql</strong> client to connect to the database by running the following command:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen13743164063710">gsql -d postgres -h <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i17591940143718">192.168.2.30</em> -U dbadmin -p 8000 -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__i4525323115518">password</em> -r</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p976924013711">Enter your password as prompted.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li18478174710244"><span>Run the following command to view the information about the created foreign server connected to the MRS data source:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen118215315457"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b168208252456">SELECT * FROM</strong> pg_foreign_server;</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_note101897431935"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p333312266017">You can also run the <b><span class="cmdname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_cmdname22281521312">\desc+</span></b> command to view the information about the foreign server.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p15187133154510">The returned result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen41891314454">                     srvname                      | srvowner | srvfdw | srvtype | srvversion | srvacl |                                                     srvoptions
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ gsmpp_server                                     |       10 |  13673 |         |            |        |
+ gsmpp_errorinfo_server                           |       10 |  13678 |         |            |        |
+ <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b2891145517415">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</strong> |    16476 |  13685 |         |            |        | {<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b181851322750">"address=192.168.1.245:25000,192.168.1.218:25000",hdfscfgpath=/MRS/8f79ada0-d998-4026-9020-80d6de2692ca</strong>,type=hdfs}
+(3 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p531413583431">In the query result, each row contains the information about a foreign server. The foreign server associated with the MRS data source connection contains the following information:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul9646826184420"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li19646202694414">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706114911">srvname</strong> contains <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_parmvalue440033319114926"><b>hdfs_server</b></span> and the ID of the MRS cluster, which is the same as the MRS ID in the cluster list on the MRS management console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li10646626134415">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b84235270611527">address</strong> parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706115211">srvoptions</strong> field contains the IP addresses and ports of the active and standby nodes in the MRS cluster.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1279539193313">You can find the foreign server you want based on the above information and record the values of its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b48351024162815">srvname</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b4835162462810">srvoptions</strong>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1736065499"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Foreign Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1705153311264">After <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1760214326239">Obtaining Information About the Foreign Server Connected to the MRS Data Source</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section129581728111417">Obtaining the HDFS Path of the MRS Data Source</a> are completed, you can create a foreign table to read data from the MRS data source.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p33659853185314">The syntax for creating a foreign table is as follows. For details, see the syntax <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b589124105111">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen34509377483">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name 
+( [ { column_name type_name 
+    [ { [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] NULL |
+    [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] NOT NULL |
+      column_constraint [...]} ] |
+      table_constraint [, ...]} [, ...] ] ) 
+    SERVER dfs_server 
+    OPTIONS ( { option_name ' value ' } [, ...] ) 
+    DISTRIBUTE BY {ROUNDROBIN | REPLICATION}
+    [ PARTITION BY ( column_name ) [ AUTOMAPPED ] ] ;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p174842037174819">For example, when creating a foreign table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_i1783340117151611">foreign_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_i132393128151611">product_info</em>, set parameters in the syntax as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul645584873919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li0456164816391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b19458104873912">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p14459164811399">Mandatory. This parameter specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li25911413571">Table column definitions<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul496273711582"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li1446294810396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b846619483394">column_name</strong>: specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li2471194833916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b447510488398">type_name</strong>: specifies the data type of the column.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p64441413214">Multiple columns are separate by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p54787484399">The number of columns and column types in the foreign table must be the same as those in the data stored on MRS. Learn <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section185347544812">Data Type Conversion</a> before defining column data types.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li4488164811399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b1449034813915">SERVER dfs_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p114921548203913">This parameter specifies the foreign server name of the foreign table. This server must exist. The foreign table can read data from an MRS cluster by configuring the foreign server and connecting to the MRS data source.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1192123102315">Enter the value of the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_parmname1909730423152523"><b>srvname</b></span> field queried in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section1760214326239">Obtaining Information About the Foreign Server Connected to the MRS Data Source</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li184991948153914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b99731635153419">OPTIONS</strong> parameters<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p05031548113911">These are parameters associated with the foreign table. The key parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul16505124883912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li13507154883911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706152618">format</strong>: This parameter is mandatory. The value can only be <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_parmvalue143214336100"><b>orc</b></span>. It specifies the format of the source data file. Only Hive ORC files are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li1551404817391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b13517448173913">foldername</strong>: This parameter is mandatory. It specifies the HDFS directory for storing data or data file path.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p195201748163913">If the MRS analysis cluster has enabled Kerberos authentication, ensure that the MRS user having the MRS data source connection has the read and write permissions for the directory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p721951062217">Follow the steps in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section129581728111417">Obtaining the HDFS Path of the MRS Data Source</a> to obtain the HDFS path, which is the value of parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b121920811315291">foldername</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li55231748173915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b2066428218152911">encoding</strong>: This parameter is optional. It specifies the encoding format of a source data file in the foreign table. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b84235270620728">utf8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li5535248103910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b11561548103912">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p13101419191414">This parameter specifies the data read mode for the foreign table. There are two read modes supported. In this example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_b842352706153029">ROUNDROBIN</strong> is selected.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_ul956334843917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li356519482392"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b4831143565920">ROUNDROBIN</strong>: When a foreign table reads data from the data source, each node in a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph1313912715572">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster randomly reads some data and integrates the random data to a complete data set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li11569144812393"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_b118311435195911">REPLICATION</strong>: When a foreign table reads data from the data source, each node in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph92397018572">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster reads a complete data set.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li17581162214187">Other parameters in the syntax<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p7632123791816"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li17581162214187"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_li17581162214187"></a>Other parameters are optional. You can set them as required. In this example, you do not need to set these parameters.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p5898193171031">Based on the above settings, the foreign table is created using the following statements:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_screen17865118123918">DROP FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i824999171616">foreign_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i10611745143016">product_info</em>;
+
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i987078143919">foreign_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i1017182323911">product_info</em>
+(
+    product_price                integer        ,
+    product_id                   char(30)       ,
+    product_time                 date           ,
+    product_level                char(10)       ,
+    product_name                 varchar(200)   ,
+    product_type1                varchar(20)    ,
+    product_type2                char(10)       ,
+    product_monthly_sales_cnt    integer        ,
+    product_comment_time         date           ,
+    product_comment_num          integer        ,
+    product_comment_content      varchar(200)                      
+) SERVER <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i9655164719127">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</em> 
+OPTIONS (
+format 'orc', 
+encoding 'utf8',
+foldername <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_i79001983398">'/user/hive/warehouse/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</em>
+) 
+DISTRIBUTE BY ROUNDROBIN;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section185347544812"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section185347544812"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_section185347544812"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Type Conversion</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p795196194819">Data is imported to Hive/Spark and then stored on HDFS in ORC format. Actually, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph3743191717574">GaussDB(DWS)</span> reads ORC files on HDFS, and queries and analyzes data in these files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p695126194811">Data types supported by Hive/Spark are different from those supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph7194723125711">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Therefore, you need to learn the mapping between them. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_table1410311611489">Table 1</a> describes the mapping in detail.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_table1410311611489"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_table1410311611489"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_table1410311611489" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Data type mapping</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row2962615488"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p15951865480">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" id="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p2952674817">Column Type Supported by an HDFS/OBS Foreign Table of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_ph064016105914">GaussDB(DWS)</span></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p18961268488">Column Type Supported by a Hive Table</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" id="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p3961664486">Column Type Supported by a Spark Table</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row129676144819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p9961769489">Integer in two bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p199611624811">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p09612644811">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1596186154810">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row3978674818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p59717644819">Integer in four bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p09710664817">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1597176154812">INT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p197116134813">INT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row99816624811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p8971861486">Integer in eight bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1897966486">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p29713614817">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p159796204813">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row1198865484"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p10983610485">Single-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p398146164813">FLOAT4 (REAL)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p798186144816">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p179810614482">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row15992694815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1798164485">Double-precision floating point number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1998066487">FLOAT8(DOUBLE PRECISION)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1698366482">DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p99919617484">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row13996694815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p7991167481">Scientific data type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1099146134816">DECIMAL[p (,s)]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1899156134811">The maximum precision can reach up to 38.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p19991568486">DECIMAL</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p139986194810">The maximum precision can reach up to 38 (Hive 0.11).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p16997619486">DECIMAL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row4100196164812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p13996644815">Date type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p61001061484">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p141001068486">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1510013612483">DATE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row111005654816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p71006612488">Time type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p610011654812">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p710010604818">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p191007614812">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row17101165485"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1610117615487">BOOLEAN type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p810146124812">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p6101762482">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p410115664812">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row171021614482"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p11016614483">CHAR type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1910115619489">CHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p810117612489">CHAR (n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p91010644820">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row1102463483"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p16102176144811">VARCHAR type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p310216184815">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p110212664818">VARCHAR (n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1310216644811">VARCHAR (n)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_row111031962486"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1110210694811">String</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p210210612485">TEXT(CLOB)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1710217684816">STRING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.6.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146240997__en-us_topic_0000001082927067_en-us_topic_0109259517_en-us_topic_0101477886_p1810312614812">STRING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0215.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0215.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3bf294b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0215.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_section1339194715538"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Viewing Data in the MRS Data Source by Directly Querying the Foreign Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p108158220156">If the data amount is small, you can directly run SELECT to query the foreign table and view the data in the MRS data source.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_ol18171133519553"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_li149753914557"><span>Run the following command to query data from the foreign table:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen1649716395554"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p48753336403">If the query result is the same as the data in <a href="dws_04_0212.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018">Data File</a>, the import is successful. The following information is displayed at the end of the query result:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen0184956124218">(20 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p164991939165510">After data is queried, you can insert the data to common tables in the database.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_section1375535445410"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_section1375535445410"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_section1375535445410"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Querying Data After Importing It</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p1243611460155">You can query the MRS data after importing it to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_ol19756112118416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_li57561212420"><span>Create a table in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_ph1219116141320">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to store imported data.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p1263149111210">The target table structure must be the same as the structure of the foreign table created in <a href="dws_04_0214.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a>. That is, both tables must have the same number of columns and column types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p1846511513104">For example, create a table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_b1166025352612">product_info</strong>. The table example is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen17865118123918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">middle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_li4947547161213"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_b842352706155329">INSERT INTO .. SELECT ..</strong> command to import data from the foreign table to the target table.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p7919143312475">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen1377164017472"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p5393184117225">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been imported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_en-us_topic_0067790278_s94af2c28f6a84fcaae4451dc06657b2c">INSERT 0 20</pre>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_li4116383617136"><span>Run the following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_b176591040132717">SELECT</strong> command to view data imported from MRS to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_ph266504016273">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen669215472511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_p785613361634">If the query result is the same as the data in <a href="dws_04_0212.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146360931__en-us_topic_0000001082830951_en-us_topic_0109259515_en-us_topic_0101477888_section55166005141018">Data File</a>, the import is successful. The following information is displayed at the end of the query result:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_screen1085853616314">(20 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0216.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0216.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..911ca409
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0216.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Deleting Resources</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p8060118">After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quota occupation.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_section16262038171510"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting the Foreign Table and Target Table</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_ol667615462149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li13105123015615"><span>(Optional) If operations in <a href="dws_04_0215.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146121075__en-us_topic_0000001083024575_en-us_topic_0109259518_en-us_topic_0101477887_section1375535445410">Querying Data After Importing It</a> have been performed, run the following command to delete the target table:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen7106559710">DROP TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i18249116377">product_info;</em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li1678173713610"><span>Run the following command to delete the foreign table:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen745418396710">DROP FOREIGN TABLE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i215985614154">foreign_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i20159155617154">product_info</em>;</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_section79551640133718"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_section79551640133718"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_section79551640133718"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting the Manually Created Foreign Server</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p1123851241819">If operations in <a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a> have been performed, perform the following steps to delete the foreign server, database, and user:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_ol784216307425"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li192864493116"><span>Use the client provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_ph7194723125711">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to connect to the database where the foreign server resides as the user who created the foreign server.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p123651141142812">You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b18431155103516">gsql</strong> client to log in to the database in either of the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_ul1987102122918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li286821192916">If you have logged in to the gsql client, run the following command to switch the database and user:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen78672118298"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b88615211297">\c</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b198612122916"> </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i38612172914">mydatabase dbuser</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p393324232911">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li28642119290">If you have logged in to the gsql client, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b842352706114419">\q</strong> command to exit gsql, and run the following command to reconnect to it:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen186621132916">gsql -d <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i1486132113294">mydatabase</em> -h <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i1786142142912">192.168.2.30</em> -U <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i1686192142919">dbuser</em> -p 8000 -r</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p13245811296">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li16842630124215"><span>Delete the manually created foreign server.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p96021924141313">Run the following command to delete the server. For details about the syntax, see DROP SERVER.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen460292411138"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b1760202421310">DROP SERVER</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i14681516142">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p173913112813">The foreign server is deleted if the following information is displayed:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen194712517287">DROP SERVER</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p2029034143110">View the foreign server.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen1062415817279">SELECT * FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_ph1627158132719"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i1162758132714">hdfs_server_8f79ada0_d998_4026_9020_80d6de2692ca</em></span>';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p182901244318">The server is successfully deleted if the returned result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen1290843319"> srvname | srvowner | srvfdw | srvtype | srvversion | srvacl | srvoptions
+---------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+------------
+(0 rows)</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li1064331316247"><span>Delete the customized database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p9634104918298">Connect to the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b214510420">gaussdb</strong> through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_ph168925005914">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p8796721122412">If you have logged in to the database using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b9266143416373">gsql</strong> client, run the following command to switch the database and user:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_screen1870343122914">\c gaussdb</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p087074312912">Enter your password as prompted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p8870174310299">Run the following command to delete the customized database:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_screen9870243112917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b88701543142917">DROP </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b18701543122910">DATABASE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_i118701143182912">mydatabase</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p1287044372919">The database is deleted if the following information is displayed:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_screen188701443152911">DROP DATABASE</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_li8445514131312"><span>Delete the common user created in this example as the administrator.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p29954455811">Connect to the database as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_ph17996356135918">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_p8293122473017">If you have logged in to the database using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_b137481047113911">gsql</strong> client, run the following command to switch the database and user:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen169639381326"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b719416174333">\c</strong> gaussdb dbadmin</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p174451114141315">Run the following command to reclaim the permission for creating foreign servers:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen1445111481313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b16445121410134">REVOKE ALL ON</strong> FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER hdfs_fdw <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b94458142136">FROM</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i944521461318">dbuser</em>;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p12445131414133">The name of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b842352706112833">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</strong> must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b842352706112844">hdfs_fdw</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b84235270611292">dbuser</strong> is the username for creating <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b842352706112940">SERVER</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p1244513142139">Run the following command to delete the user:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_screen344541481319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_b34451914101318">DROP USER</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_i1444511421310">dbuser</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p628972713345">You can run the <b><span class="cmdname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_cmdname144471113103516">\du</span></b> command to query for the user and check whether the user has been deleted.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099281248__en-us_topic_0000001082926731_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p144541155123710"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0217.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0217.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa8067fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0217.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Error Handling</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068__en-us_topic_0000001082926701_en-us_topic_0109259520_en-us_topic_0102473915_p1383105772514">The following error information indicates that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068__en-us_topic_0000001082926701_ph884632792510">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is to read an ORC data file but the actual file is in text format. Therefore, create a table of the Hive ORC type and store the data to the table.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068__en-us_topic_0000001082926701_en-us_topic_0109259520_en-us_topic_0102473915_screen82722163263">ERROR:  dn_6009_6010: Error occurs while creating an orc reader for file /user/hive/warehouse/products_info.txt, detail can be found in dn log of dn_6009_6010.</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099601068__en-us_topic_0000001082926701_en-us_topic_0109259520_en-us_topic_0102473915_p51612592257"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0210.html">Importing Data from MRS to a Cluster</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0219.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0219.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a2b1daf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0219.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001083105953_en-us_topic_0000001082205931_p4227203715494">You can use CDM to migrate data from other data sources (for example, MySQL) to the databases in clusters on GaussDB(DWS).</p>
+
+
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001083105953_en-us_topic_0000001082205931_p198966205388">For details about scenarios where CDM is used to migrate data to GaussDB(DWS), see the following sections of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001082205931_i16919145710115">Cloud Data Migration User Guide</em>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001083105953_en-us_topic_0000001082205931_ul46952720386"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001083105953_en-us_topic_0000001082205931_li1369547153816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146041055__en-us_topic_0000001082205931_b15961311111715">Getting Started</strong>: describes how to use CDM to migrate local MySQL databases to GaussDB(DWS).</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0986.html">Full Database Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0228.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0228.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..797e1b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0228.html
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Checking for Data Skew</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__sd1223eaa8578416ab98e795a129e8f95"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a404d064159214bcbb8b03b6a9a697a65">Data skew causes the query performance to deteriorate. Before importing all the data from a table consisting of over 10 million records, you are advised to import some of the data and check whether data skew occurs and whether the distribution keys need to be changed. Troubleshoot the problems if any. It is costly to address data skew and change the distribution keys after a large amount of data has been imported.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s6b43644b3a3b41339eddf599f11935b0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Background</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__ad245b2b09caa4c69aa4e9fcaf1482f88"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__text1655012983">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses a massively parallel processing (MPP) system of the shared-nothing architecture. The MPP performs horizontal partitioning to store tuples in service data tables on all DNs using proper distribution policies.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a6f61499f1dea444d9c171761e2f927ff">The following user table distribution policies are supported:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__ufde0b90a6fa1489f8c04339d93ed2789"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l37d6a10af1e242efb88d9ccb0c3ba97e">Replication: stores a full table on each DN. You are advised to use the replication mode for tables containing a small volume of data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__le2cbc9ef9941449db085202851c0e42a">Hash: A distribution key must be specified for a user table. When a record is inserted, the system hashes it based on the distribution key and then stores it on the corresponding DN. You are advised to use the hash distribution policy for tables with a large volume of data.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a7a099833f9ec4c07bf6c2d1f3f654e19">If an inappropriate distribution key is used, data skew may occur when you use the hash policy. Check for data skew when you use the hash distribution policy so that data can be evenly distributed to each DN. You are advised to use the column with few replicated values as the distribution key.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s947ce1270ece495ab862dcb2dd6bfa43"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__ocad38a85674c49d784311b1dca2e3f62"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l1ee01c1fa7dd4411b64ee6dfd8052b9a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l1ee01c1fa7dd4411b64ee6dfd8052b9a"></a><a name="l1ee01c1fa7dd4411b64ee6dfd8052b9a"></a><span>Analyze data source features and select candidate distribution columns that have more distinct values and evenly distributed data.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l281215ae79184a889db073ca60eef8f2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l281215ae79184a889db073ca60eef8f2"></a><a name="l281215ae79184a889db073ca60eef8f2"></a><span>Select a candidate column from <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l1ee01c1fa7dd4411b64ee6dfd8052b9a">1</a> to create a target table.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__saa054bc7f2314797ad1198331418aa47"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GLOBAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compress_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">source_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">like_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRESERVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__ldc325018534545c9ba321da8c4eb3e23"><span>Import a small batch of data to the target table.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__p181719280514">When importing a single data file, you can evenly split this file and import a part of it to check for the data skew in the target table.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__laaba2ab42be141a9b69fdc266932c039"><span>Check for data skew. (Replace <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__i842352697104048">table_name</em> with the actual table name.)</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__sbf1e8deb87f248ed925da2881178fca1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lb6b04bdf47b3436cb325e8cf06d3c55e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lb6b04bdf47b3436cb325e8cf06d3c55e"></a><a name="lb6b04bdf47b3436cb325e8cf06d3c55e"></a><span>If the data distribution deviation is less than 10% across DNs, data is evenly distributed and an appropriate distribution key has been selected. Delete the small batch of imported data and import full data to complete data migration.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a2ced46b23e0547b8bf2537c00f88d2f2">If data distribution deviation across DNs is greater than or equal to 10%, data skew occurs. Remove this distribution key from the candidates in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l1ee01c1fa7dd4411b64ee6dfd8052b9a">1</a>, delete the target table, and repeat <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l281215ae79184a889db073ca60eef8f2">2</a> through <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lb6b04bdf47b3436cb325e8cf06d3c55e">5</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__note79651540142813"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__p1696594012280">The data distribution deviation indicates the difference between the actual data volume on DNs and the average data volume on DNs.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__li10769517049"><span>(Optional) If you fail to select an appropriate distribution key after performing the preceding steps, select multiple columns from the candidates as distribution keys.</span></li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__p154201713617"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s5765ad855ca644348b72af39db2ab067"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a3491368c2264499282b340c276c99b85">Assume you want to select an appropriate distribution key for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164723">staffs</strong> table.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__o0d12289a822c4dccba44bbb304a94dc3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__ldcfa8fcaea994a2a968b794a58c22c32">Analyze the source data for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164736">staffs</strong> table and select the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223320">staff_ID</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223319">FIRST_NAME</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223317">LAST_NAME</strong> columns as candidate distribution keys.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__la515550d7dd84f84bac8832a0852a6a4">Select the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b19132162313288">staff_ID</strong> column as the distribution key and create the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164746">staffs</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s3dfbe45d1b9d47cbba540ceb76380724"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">FIRST_NAME</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">LAST_NAME</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EMAIL</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PHONE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HIRE_DATE</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employment_ID</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SALARY</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">COMMISSION_PCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">MANAGER_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l1781311bd0934221912c78890e879d0d">Import a small batch of data to the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706183053">staffs</strong>.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__a28f17bdeff224c4e87f8b7aeeabaec68">There are eight DNs in the cluster based on the following query, and you are advised to import 80,000 records.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s42686a5f166549cfafd0916e2f4a0e75"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l2b767a5e8f3844a9964ee9e749c569f8">Verify the data skew of the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164836">staffs</strong> whose distribution key is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164845">staff_ID</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s8fb7a5148c5d4a2198dd9f218ad19383"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------+-----------</span>
+<span class="mi">11010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">12001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8995</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7999</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9995</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l50e3c464bd5b4d1bbcd3a06f7010c0f2">The preceding query result indicates that the distribution deviation across DNs is greater than 10%. The data skew occurs. Therefore, delete <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223418">staff_ID</strong> from the distribution key candidates and delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164925">staffs</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__sfaad16eb60c4439e908bc52e401d7f2a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lb240652d80c440db903747a2f2de2592">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223449">staff_ID</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223452">FIRST_NAME</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__en-us_topic_0058967677_b842352706223453">LAST_NAME</strong> as distribution keys and create the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b842352706164944">staffs</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__saf4e5087f74b433cad4428130bd9ef22"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">FIRST_NAME</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">LAST_NAME</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EMAIL</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PHONE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HIRE_DATE</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employment_ID</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SALARY</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">COMMISSION_PCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">MANAGER_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">FIRST_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">LAST_NAME</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lc5953f9686f0438bb12655e25acc0c41">Verify the data skew of the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b7436122312511">staffs</strong> whose distribution keys are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b343742315516">staff_ID</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b843913231156">FIRST_NAME</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__b14439823955">LAST_NAME</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__s4cb55053033a41b4ae85da794b68b2b3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------+-----------</span>
+<span class="mi">10010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9995</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9999</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9995</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__lf107d31047d54e9fb9abd6a41171a2cb">The preceding query result indicates that the data deviation across DNs is less than 10%. The data is evenly distributed and the appropriate distribution keys have been selected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l765427cb3765428caa493afd1b9ffc76">Delete the imported small-batch data.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__sed72e7084f494f86b05331eb1c1653d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694941__l04bee51cea78418b8d7163105ec739f9">Import the full data to complete data migration.</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0988.html">Other Operations</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Preparing Data on OBS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section55166005141018"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p077114175464">Before you use the SQL on OBS feature to query OBS data:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_ol977718474"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li1476191104719">You have stored the ORC data on OBS.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p108240316475"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li1476191104719"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li1476191104719"></a>For example, the ORC table has been created when you use the Hive or Spark component, and the ORC data has been stored on OBS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p412491613226">Assume that there are two ORC data files, named <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_filepath40136735102839"><b>product_info.0</b></span> and <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_filepath213579017103628"><b>product_info.1</b></span>, whose original data is stored in the <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_filepath940154936103720"><b>demo.db/product_info_orc/</b></span> directory of the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_parmname1869832287103736"><b>mybucket</b></span> OBS bucket. You can view their original data in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453">Original Data</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711"></a>If your data files are already on OBS, perform steps in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_section112221416173415">Obtaining the OBS Path of Original Data and Setting Read Permission</a>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__note1857455514420"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__p557425513447">This section uses the ORC format as an example to describe how to import data. The method for importing CarbonData data is similar.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Original Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p141131024112016">Assume that you have stored the two ORC data files on OBS and their original data is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_ul1362563214337"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li1128168125611">Data file <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_filepath1818873559174934"><b>product_info.0</b></span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_p963113123569">The file contains the following data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_screen1650215324201"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XHDK</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1293</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">fJ3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">New</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Shirt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">328</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">715</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">good</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">205</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">KDKE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">9947</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">kL5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">New</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Knitwear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pink</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">584</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">406</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">very</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">good</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">JODL</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1937</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">pV7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">shirt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">men</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1245</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">502</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Bad</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">310</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">QQPX</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3956</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">aD8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jacket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">411</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">436</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">It</span><span class="s1">'s really super nice.</span>
+<span class="s1">150,ABEF-C-1820-#mC6,2017-09-03,B,2017 Autumn New Jeans Women,blue,M,1223,2017-09-06,1200,The seller'</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">packaging</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exquisite</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li898714135719">Data file <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_filepath2048326332175021"><b>product_info.1</b></span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_p74235135619">The file contains the following data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_screen46635557330"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">BCQP</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2365</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">qE4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">casual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pants</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">men</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">997</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">are</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">good</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quality</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EABE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1476</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">oB1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">841</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">299</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Follow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">108</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CDXK</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1527</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">pL2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">85</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">It</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">really</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amazing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buy</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">450</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MMCE</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4728</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">nP9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jacket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">114</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Open</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">odor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">260</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OCDA</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">G</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2817</span><span class="o">-#</span><span class="n">bD3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">autumn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">woolen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">women</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">red</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2004</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">826</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Very</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">favorite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clothes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_section112221416173415"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_section112221416173415"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_section112221416173415"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Obtaining the OBS Path of Original Data and Setting Read Permission</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_ol97021743193511"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li117054356524"><span>Log in to the OBS management console.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0093837401_p266931915308">Click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_uicontrol2134910881164157"><b>Service List</b></span> and choose <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_uicontrol274821817164214"><b>Object Storage Service</b></span> to open the OBS management console.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li123314509351"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li123314509351"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li123314509351"></a><span>Obtain the OBS path for storing source data files.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0117407680_a91800d9e12ba4eb89a01c727ef3b97cf">After the source data files are uploaded to an OBS bucket, a globally unique access path is generated. You need to specify the OBS paths of source data files when creating a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_p2078314514914"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_ph16569152217132">For details about how to view an OBS path, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Objects &gt; Accessing an Object Using Its Object URL" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__i2964252141614">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0117407680_a5fe890b9e2da4d1b8fe789321e5b3d14">For example, the OBS paths are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0117407680_s3fe63d8616ac43b38827bb297e83018f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mybucket</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info_orc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mybucket</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info_orc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li132681506358"><span>Grant the OBS bucket read permission for the user.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_p427025013511">The user who executes the SQL on OBS function needs to obtain the read permission on the OBS bucket where the source data file is located. You can configure the ACL for the OBS buckets to grant the read permission to a specific user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_p838061772112"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_ph1266218509141">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Permission Control &gt; Configuring a Bucket ACL" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__i58771404177">Object Storage Service User Guide</em><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__ph1217232512815"></span>.</span></p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p8060118">This section describes how to create a foreign server that is used to define the information about OBS servers and is invoked by foreign tables. For details about the syntax for creating foreign servers, see CREATE SERVER.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">(Optional) Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p2010175083414">Common users do not have permissions to create foreign servers and tables. If you want to use a common user to create foreign servers and tables in a customized database, perform the following steps to create a user and a database, and grant the user foreign table permissions. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p12921550135117">In the following example, a common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b2086253013810">dbuser</strong> and a database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b686343083810">mydatabase</strong> are created. Then, an administrator is used to grant foreign table permissions to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b16863830173815">dbuser</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ol101931836102615"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_lc91f99c58f704cdaa661d40055b6a4eb"><span>Connect to the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__b1748811468358"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__text91831321465">gaussdb</span></strong> as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p1328375516319">For example, use the gsql client to connect to the database by running the following command:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen91981036192612"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li202058411867"><span>Create a common user and use it to create a database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p16207441463">Create a user named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b20925185213417">dbuser</strong> that has the permission to create databases.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen10208124112612"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p72161941564">Switch to the created user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen42170411668"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p02292412618">Run the following command to create the database demo:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen1523074119610"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p7236114114612">Query the database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_s95e747b2f26640fa963c87eab9b77b6a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_database</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p8242741264">The database is successfully created if the returned result contains information about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b162421841667">mydatabase</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_sd46c3917572546f2a77a370642a6872c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datdba</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datcollate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datctype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datistemplate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datallowconn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datconnlimit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datlastsysoid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datfrozenxid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dattablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datcompatibility</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="n">datacl</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">------------+--------+----------+------------+----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">14146</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1351</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1663</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORA</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CTc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template0</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">14146</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1350</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1663</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORA</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CTc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">14146</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1352</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1663</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORA</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CTc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">chaojun</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">C</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hu</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">obinru</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">C</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">17000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">14146</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1351</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1663</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORA</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li13857182418276"><span>Grant the permissions for creating foreign servers and using foreign tables to a common user as the administrator.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p15329124435216">Connect to the new database as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_ph195915358272">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_a4bfb3f8aae0a416980e919e61dc06aac">You can use the gsql client to run the following command to switch to an administrator user and connect to the new database:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_screen203771722183416"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p237719228344">Enter the password of the system administrator as prompted.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_note1837711224346"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p53775222346">Note that you must use the administrator account to connect to the database where a foreign server is to be created and foreign tables are used; and then grant permissions to the common user.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p11378122133416">By default, only system administrators can create foreign servers. Common users can create foreign servers only after being authorized. Run the following command to grant the permission:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_screen23781722153412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_fdw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p9378622173416">where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_i17178637113918">fdw_name</em> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b182145773614">hdfs_fdw</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b9683718379">dfs_fdw</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b95190134378">dbuser</strong> is the name of the user who creates SERVER.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p637852243412">Run the following command to grant the user the permission to use foreign tables:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_screen53781922203410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p133781522123416">Query for the user.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_screen19378152283412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolsuper</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolinherit</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolcreaterole</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolcreatedb</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolcanlogin</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolconnlimit</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolvalidbegin</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolvaliduntil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolname</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_auth_members</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_roles</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">roleid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">member</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memberof</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolreplication</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolauditadmin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolsystemadmin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">roluseft</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_roles</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p1378422123411">The authorization is successful if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b1393135994610">dbuser</strong> information in the returned result contains the UseFT permission.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_s17f698165b0140f5868d49c4dbd048d6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">rolname</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolsuper</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolinherit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolcreaterole</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolcreatedb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolcanlogin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolconnlimit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolvalidbegin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolvaliduntil</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memberof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolreplication</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolauditadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rolsystemadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">roluseft</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------------+----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lily</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">  </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section1256013310920"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Foreign Server</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ol62901748313"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li16757220114119"><span>Use the user who is about to create a foreign server to connect to the corresponding database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p1148151133719">In this example, use common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b1466112012472">dbuser</strong> created in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243">(Optional) Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</a> to connect to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b16621209476">mydatabase</strong> created by the user. You need to connect to the database through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_ph4705943162713">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p1144871316372">You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b1471493134720">gsql</strong> client to log in to the database in either of the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ul93458395536"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li534623955317">If you have logged in to the gsql client, run the following command to switch the database and user:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen7348153914537"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p1735512399532">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li1355133919531">If you have not logged in to the gsql client or have exited the gsql client by running the <b><span class="cmdname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_cmdname20356639125315">\q</span></b> command, run the following command to reconnect to it:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen19357193916539"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p1136163925313">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li5290144113112"><span>Create a foreign server.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p18966149111018">For details about the syntax for creating foreign servers, see CREATE SERVER.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p8991101111566">For example, run the following command to create a foreign server named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b199631852194114">obs_server</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen11290114183116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_fdw</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs.otc.t-systems.com'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">encrypt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p529094113116">Mandatory parameters are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ul72904473112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li20112247502"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_i49661252114115">Name of the foreign server</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p597517818226">You can customize a name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p14825494018">In this example, the name is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_parmvalue1558511113151"><b>obs_server</b></span>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li19490175515519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b7768715851">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p183267571517"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_i69281219203914">fdw_name</em> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b1761691314392">hdfs_fdw</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b1587815163912">dfs_fdw</strong>, which already exists in the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li18678132185718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b7243102620514">OPTIONS parameters</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ul18824445155713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li14824174512577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b1140053612411">address</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p1123843313317">Specifies the endpoint of the OBS service.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_a82d44fe9c5584ce89d8e5e9777ad23e9">Obtain the address as follows:</p>
+<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_o9ac5a0bfa5bd4fc9a686a6fbd4c95cd6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_lfbb2cfdd824e42c9ba2cc13574d890c5">Obtain the OBS path by performing <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711">2</a> in <a href="dws_04_0243.html">Preparing Data on OBS</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_la8feef705d214c2f99f21d55b272dedf">The OBS endpoint viewed on the OBS is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__b139201548571">obs.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__i19582101053715">xxx</em>.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__i13842125682218">xxx</em>.<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__b1467981192311">com</strong>.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li18937028223528">(Mandatory) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b167574449326">Access keys (AK and SK)</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p197391527234"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_ph672014275811">GaussDB(DWS)</span> needs to use the access keys (AK and SK) to access OBS. Therefore, you must obtain the access keys first.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_ul6570644223536"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li53154072223523">(Mandatory) <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_parmname1597315264111"><b>access_key</b></span>: specifies users' AK information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li46211726223523">(Mandatory) <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_parmname14974252114110"><b>secret_access_key</b></span>: specifies users' SK information.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_p18490192944018">For details about how to obtain the access keys, see <a href="dws_04_0183.html">Creating Access Keys (AK and SK)</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li164581429113218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_b119841230341">type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p34741157387">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b4977135274118">obs</strong>, which indicates that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_b097715528412">dfs_fdw</strong> connects to OBS.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_li964811864411"><span>View the foreign server.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen1329004143114"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_foreign_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'obs_server'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_p182901244318">The server is successfully created if the returned result is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_screen1290843319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">srvname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvowner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvfdw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvversion</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvacl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                                                                      </span><span class="n">srvoptions</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">24661</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">13686</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">access_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">secret_access_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p12167448953">After performing steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>, create an OBS foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to access the data stored in OBS. An OBS foreign table is read-only. It can only be queried using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b09550361120">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_section1736065499"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Foreign Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p33659853185314">The syntax for creating a foreign table is as follows. For details, see the syntax <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b201331258175019">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_screen34509377483"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p174842037174819">For example, when creating a foreign table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_i13661938123413">product_info_ext_obs</em>, set parameters in the syntax as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul645584873919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li0456164816391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b19458104873912">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p14459164811399">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li25911413571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b11409125618454">Table column definitions</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul496273711582"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li1446294810396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b846619483394">column_name</strong>: specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li2471194833916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b447510488398">type_name</strong>: specifies the data type of the column.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p64441413214">Multiple columns are separate by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p54787484399">The number of fields and field types in the foreign table must be the same as those in the data stored on OBS.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li4488164811399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b1449034813915">SERVER dfs_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p114921548203913">This parameter specifies the foreign server name of the foreign table. This server must exist. The foreign server connects to OBS to read data by setting its foreign server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p1192123102315">Enter the name of the foreign server created by following steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li184991948153914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b450214811394">OPTIONS parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p05031548113911">These are parameters associated with the foreign table. The key parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul16505124883912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li86062718555"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname3444148131714"><b>format</b></span>: indicates the file format on OBS. The ORC and CarbonData formats are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_li119287151142"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname1993511549566"><b>foldername</b></span>: This parameter is mandatory. It indicates the OBS path of the data source file. You only need to enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b1255112120811">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__i626212119813">Bucket name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b1026211211489">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__i2026214211089">Folder directory level</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b726313213812">/</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_p1494171719420">You can perform <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li12771154711">2</a> in <a href="dws_04_0243.html">Preparing Data on OBS</a> to obtain the complete OBS path of the data source file. The path is the endpoint of the OBS service.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li13735273550"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_parmname07715271557"><b>totalrows</b></span>: This parameter is optional. It does not indicate the total rows of the imported data. Because OBS may store many files, it is slow to analyze data. This parameter allows you to set an estimated value so that the optimizer can estimate the table size according to the value. Generally, query efficiency is relatively high when the estimated value is almost the same as the actual value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li55231748173915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b18355185593917">encoding</strong>: encoding of data source files in foreign tables. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b735645593910">utf8</strong>. This parameter is mandatory for OBS foreign tables.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li543416731613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_b3930929603">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong>:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p103341415181816">This clause is mandatory. Currently, OBS foreign tables support only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b1533431511811">ROUNDROBIN</strong> distribution mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p123141594167">It indicates that when a foreign table reads data from the data source, each node in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_ph18240141332815">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster randomly reads some data and integrates the random data to a complete data set.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_li18119205351513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_b101191753151519">Other parameters in the syntax</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p2011985361516">Other parameters are optional. You can set them as required. In this example, you do not need to set these parameters.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__en-us_topic_0000001098651134_en-us_topic_0102810709_p5898193171031">Based on the preceding settings, the command for creating the foreign table is as follows:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p956577151118">Create an OBS foreign table that does not contain partition columns. The foreign server associated with the table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b0178203264910">obs_server</strong>, the file format on OBS corresponding to the table is ORC, and the data storage path on OBS is<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b171811132164915">/mybucket/data/</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__screen372819254202"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">totalrows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p728535913129">Create an OBS foreign table that contains partition columns. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b589917289501">product_info_ext_obs</strong> foreign table uses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b1988533610508">product_manufacturer</strong> column as the partition key. The following partition directories exist in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__b19133169513">obs/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p528595914122">Partition directory 1: product_manufacturer=10001</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p1928565911211">Partition directory 2: product_manufacturer=10010</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p10285259101216">Partition directory 3: product_manufacturer=10086</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__p152854594124">...<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855406__screen16950235151210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_manufacturer</span><span class="w">	 </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">totalrows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product_manufacturer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0246.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0246.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47be1e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0246.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Querying Data on OBS Through Foreign Tables</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_section42051157305"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Viewing Data on OBS by Directly Querying the Foreign Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p108158220156">If the data amount is small, you can directly run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_b842352706114858">SELECT</strong> to query the foreign table and view the data on OBS.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_ol18171133519553"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_li149753914557"><span>Run the following command to query data from the foreign table:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen1649716395554"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p48753336403">If the query result is the same as the data in <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453">Original Data</a>, the import is successful. The following information is displayed at the end of the query result:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen0184956124218">(10 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p164991939165510">After data is queried, you can insert the data to common tables in the database.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_section152121815193012"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_section152121815193012"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_section152121815193012"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Querying Data After Importing It</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_ol19756112118416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_li57561212420"><span>Create a table in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to store imported data.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p1263149111210">The target table structure must be the same as the structure of the foreign table created in <a href="dws_04_0245.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a>. That is, both tables must have the same number of columns and column types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p1846511513104">For example, create a table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_i842352697171046">product_info</em>. The table example is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen17865118123918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">middle</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_li4947547161213"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_b842352706155329">INSERT INTO.. SELECT ..</strong> command to import data from the foreign table to the target table.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p7919143312475">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen1377164017472"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p11951646143216">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been imported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_en-us_topic_0067790278_s94af2c28f6a84fcaae4451dc06657b2c">INSERT 0 10</pre>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_li4116383617136"><span>Run the following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_b842352706155423">SELECT</strong> command to view data imported from OBS to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_ph039828152817">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen669215472511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_p785613361634">If the query result is the same as the data in <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_en-us_topic_0093837401_section1888720568453">Original Data</a>, the import is successful. The following information is displayed at the end of the query result:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_screen1085853616314">(10 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0247.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0247.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45181910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0247.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Deleting Resources</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p2052418104288">After completing operations in this tutorial, if you no longer need to use the resources created during the operations, you can delete them to avoid resource waste or quota occupation. The procedure is as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_ol128971048133114"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li589734811315"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section436416582815">Deleting the Foreign Table and Target Table</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li16598251203117"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12369357281">Deleting the Created Foreign Server</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li583135413315"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12067301412">Deleting the Database and the User to Which the Database Belongs</a><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p11521220143315">If you have performed steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243">(Optional) Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</a>, delete the database and the user to which the database belongs.</p>
+</li></ol>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section436416582815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section436416582815"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section436416582815"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting the Foreign Table and Target Table</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_ol667615462149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li13105123015615"><span>(Optional) If you have performed steps in <a href="dws_04_0246.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735141__en-us_topic_0000001099130958_en-us_topic_0102810710_section152121815193012">Querying Data After Importing It</a>, run the following command to delete the target table:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen7106559710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p12372148392">If the following information is displayed, the table has been deleted.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen9238614133913">DROP TABLE</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li1678173713610"><span>Run the following statement to delete the foreign table:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen745418396710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p1097283518394">If the following information is displayed, the table has been deleted.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen13972183514391">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12369357281"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12369357281"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12369357281"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting the Created Foreign Server</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_ol784216307425"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li124114291428"><span>Use the user who created the foreign server to connect to the database where the foreign server is located.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p35512614408">In this example, common user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706155616">dbuser</strong> is used to create the foreign server in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706155652">mydatabase</strong>. You need to connect to the database through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can use the gsql client to log in to the database in either of the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_ul1987102122918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li286821192916">If you have logged in to the gsql client, run the following command to switch the database and user:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen78672118298"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p393324232911">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li28642119290">If you have logged in to the gsql client, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706114419">\q</strong> command to exit gsql, and run the following command to reconnect to it:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen186621132916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p13245811296">Enter the password as prompted.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li16842630124215"><span>Delete the created foreign server.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p96021924141313">Run the following command to delete the server. For details about the syntax, see DROP SERVER.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen460292411138"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p173913112813">The database is deleted if the following information is displayed:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen194712517287">DROP SERVER</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p2029034143110">View the foreign server.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen1062415817279"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_foreign_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">srvname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'obs_server'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p182901244318">The server is successfully deleted if the returned result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_screen1290843319"> srvname | srvowner | srvfdw | srvtype | srvversion | srvacl | srvoptions
+---------+----------+--------+---------+------------+--------+------------
+(0 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12067301412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12067301412"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_section12067301412"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting the Database and the User to Which the Database Belongs</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p654581019428">If you have performed steps in <a href="dws_04_0244.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335204__en-us_topic_0000001099130938_en-us_topic_0102810708_section590417587243">(Optional) Creating a User and a Database and Granting the User Foreign Table Permissions</a>, perform the following steps to delete the database and the user to which the database belongs.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_ol1230353084111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li3301193034116"><span>Delete the customized database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p119758200416">Connect to the default database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__b6204102116364"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__text6789925946">gaussdb</span></strong> through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_ph7922838162812">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p8796721122412">If you have logged in to the database using the gsql client, run the following command to switch the database and user:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p1524271564110">Switch to the default database.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen15243161517413">\c <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__text91831321465">gaussdb</span></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p152431215134119">Enter your password as prompted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p124381518416">Run the following command to delete the customized database:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen224381554115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mydatabase</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p32431415174119">The database is deleted if the following information is displayed:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen7243615164118">DROP DATABASE</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_li1830393034112"><span>Delete the common user created in this example as the administrator.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p773914234211">Connect to the database as a database administrator through the database client tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_ph884632792510">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0109259519_en-us_topic_0102427953_p1547315810322">If you have logged in to the database using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b11260122275216">gsql</strong> client, run the following command to switch the database and user:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen15839141144218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b1483831204216">\c</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__text5234153312415">gaussdb</span> dbadmin</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p14839710426">Run the following command to reclaim the permission for creating foreign servers:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen38399144212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_fdw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p128393194213">The name of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706112833">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</strong> must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706112844">dfs_fdw</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b84235270611292">dbuser</strong> is the username for creating <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_b842352706112940">SERVER</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p483951204210">Run the following command to delete the user:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_screen6839111114213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_p583910119424">You can run the <b><span class="cmdname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_cmdname383918114211">\du</span></b> command to query for the user and check whether the user has been deleted.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815077__en-us_topic_0000001145491107_en-us_topic_0102810711_p2303163011416"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0155.html">Importing ORC/CarbonData Data from OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0249.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0249.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30f0a5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0249.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694673"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694673"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0250.html">Exporting Data to OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0159.html">Exporting ORC Data to MRS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0250.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0250.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..645127e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0250.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175214"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175214"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data to OBS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0251.html">Parallel OBS Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0157.html">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0256.html">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0249.html">Data Export</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0251.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0251.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74feb2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0251.html
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Parallel OBS Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_sb2ed2abd32a94d3896b3f07d1fe05b91"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overview</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_aada6c8c93f034e448e74e106ef84c8a4"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> databases allow you to export data in parallel using OBS foreign tables, in which the export mode and the exported data format are specified. Data is exported in parallel through multiple DNs from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph325516531162">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to the OBS server, improving the overall export performance.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_u8cb2994a33d84a4587e0a4ed60c9219f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_l31f934f062fc4d73bb806420f4e0ab2a">The CN only plans data export tasks and delivers the tasks to DNs. In this case, the CN is released to process external requests.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_ldd50fb5c0ad54fe6834d26dfefb17575">The computing capability and bandwidth of all the DNs are fully leveraged to export data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_li12576017209">You can concurrently export data using multiple OBS services, but the bucket and object paths specified for the export tasks must be different and cannot be null.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_li1659182513013">The OBS server connects to GaussDB(DWS) cluster nodes. The export rate is affected by the network bandwidth.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_li529717211107">The TEXT and CSV data file formats are supported. The size of data in a single row must be less than 1 GB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__li1411511407471">Data in ORC format is supported only by 8.1.0 or later.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_s76f58320ec2049cca8f61b6f9310a0b8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Concepts</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_u3b90148024b347319c44296cecdc9f18"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_li148159103246"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_b40899401103246">Source data file</strong>: a TEXT or CSV file that stores data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l144b275bcfef4133b5e2b0ee84749707"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_a9a8934a5fa144e38b570905d79c7f385">OBS</strong>: a cloud storage service used to store unstructured data, such as documents, images, and videos. Data objects concurrently exported from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph10680613174">GaussDB(DWS)</span> are stored on the OBS server.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l331e0761386349b9947093320b8a7994"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_a33279fac75964c80b0c5210e9b07ff7a">Bucket</strong>: a container storing objects on OBS.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_u36bc73d8d2f44c74a97c80e8b83987bd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l55b1bd39af0f4bbfa400d7b50ed795d8">Object storage is a flat storage mode. Layered file system structures are not needed because all objects in buckets are at the same logical layer.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_le04bb26a4407473fac3047e3506e12c0">In OBS, each bucket name must be unique and cannot be changed. A default access control list (ACL) is created with a bucket. Each item in the ACL contains permissions granted to certain users, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b3798956114420">READ</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b979820563447">WRITE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1879875610442">FULL_CONTROL</strong>. Only authorized users can perform bucket operations, such as creating, deleting, viewing, and setting ACLs for buckets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_ledfd08dfba934ae79119138b124c1a41">A user can create a maximum of 100 buckets. The total data size and the number of objects and files in each bucket are not limited.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l8061dcd1e4984bd2b5e246447e965074"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_a3441f1e250554c25aab081fd1dfe5d98">Object</strong>: a basic data storage unit in OBS. Data uploaded by users is stored in OBS buckets as objects. Object attributes include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b10801256134417">Key</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1080118562441">Metadata</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b0801556194415">Data</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_en-us_topic_0102849790_p918400115144">Generally, objects are managed as files. However, OBS has no file system–related concepts, such as files and folders. To let users easily manage data, OBS allows them to simulate folders. Users can add a slash (/) in the object name, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b58030567445">tpcds1000/stock.csv</strong>. In this name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b580318566448">tpcds1000</strong> is regarded as the folder name and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b88031556164418">stock.csv</strong> the file name. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b08031656134414">key</strong> (object name) is still <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b5803105620444">tpcds1000/stock.csv</strong>, and the content of the object is the content of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b18031156174412">stock.csv</strong> file.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_labd5e1beb0f749ecb462f6a5da04ec90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1380514562442">Key</strong>: name of an object. It is a UTF-8 character sequence containing 1 to 1024 characters. A key value must be unique in a bucket. Users can name the objects they stored or obtained as <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i1580555615440">Bucket name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b1726928174213">+</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i68056564442">Object name</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l49ab78452d15405cb44e1c4bf69416b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_ac5b9dbbd842f4fe4b217a6314dfda411">Metadata</strong>: object metadata, which contains information about the object. There are system metadata and user metadata. The metadata is uploaded to OBS as key-value pairs together with HTTP headers.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_u46b9049023414ed58f61bf378c30ab07"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_l8c1eefbf5d9a4d4b9ab3bcc2f6306b3a">System metadata is generated by OBS and used for processing object data. System metadata includes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b11809165614414">Date</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b480925610442">Content-length</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1810156184413">last-modify</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b6810175624413">Content-MD5</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_lfa7d499b7c1342d6b0d3392aaa2ee0c4">User metadata contains object descriptions specified by users for uploading objects.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_lc7e1c47f95dd46e08f24859c44d74fe2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_af1c484d05d894f6ba9872f5f8d3248f0">Data</strong>: object content, which is regarded by OBS as stateless binary data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_lfb4fbedc76974168853131769719dc1d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407664_a21d6d69fd0204c30a9387ccbf19f9745">Foreign table</strong>: A foreign table is used to identify data in a source data file. It stores information, such as the location, format, destination location, encoding format, and data delimiter of a source data file.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_s8a6e529209bf43c090824b3e8523a546"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Principles</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_aa52a1e73d430457c879a6bfd5ba1c89c">The following describes the principles of exporting data from a cluster to OBS by using a distributed hash table or a replication table.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ufbf538ea1435428e9e64aace075cf3d0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_la084220b1176437381a5219de8311e5d">Distributed hash table: the table for which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b39871841131016">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (Column_Name)</strong> is specified in the table creation statement.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a40bd621ef3764ee8b1a92b5b9f525f71">A distributed hash table stores data in hash mode. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_f3c36ca500176469491e1a5942e1f1722">Figure 1</a> shows how to export data from table (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b84235270615952">T2</strong>) to OBS as an example.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a517072c1a00a4772b921533ce701e65d">During table data storage, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b16234057131017">col2</strong> hash column in table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b3235115716104">T2</strong> is hashed, and a hash value is generated. The tuple is distributed to corresponding DNs for storage according to the mapping between the DNs and the hash value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a76ca24cd44454dbfbdef2358ad801b45">When data is exported to OBS, DNs that store the exported data of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1145933121114">T2</strong> directly export their data files to OBS. Original data on multiple nodes will be exported in parallel.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_f3c36ca500176469491e1a5942e1f1722"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_f3c36ca500176469491e1a5942e1f1722"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491123_f3c36ca500176469491e1a5942e1f1722"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Hash distribution principle</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_image996914117545" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001100340752.png"></span></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l9f730b2e51914d67805a7fda12e67468">Replication table: the table for which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b88334145471">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong> is specified in the table creation statement.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a451dd6e807e24199b148ebbf477b9f62">A replication table stores a package of complete table data on each <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph7156016194">GaussDB(DWS)</span> node. When exporting data to OBS, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph246193519231">GaussDB(DWS)</span> randomly selects a DN for export.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_sd7122712049c4f66862fd1c4f938fa6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Naming Rules of Exported Files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a66fb5ed0a10948f39e713e7ca66b1fca">Rules for naming the files exported from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ph623521051917">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to OBS are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_ucf68569f5b2f4463b768ce30ace72931"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_lda2e546a1a55419186c0cfff628e6782">Data exported from DNs is stored on OBS in segment format. The file is named as <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i1281116515163">Table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b15811105191611">_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i9813135181619">Node name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1814195161616">_segment.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i1981475111617">n</em>. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_i583615619444">n</em> is a natural number starting from 0, for example, 0, 1, 2, 3.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_a9c7936ba481c4a99a956d7d46c7e1090">For example, the data of table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b684035617443">t1</strong> on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b2841456164417">datanode3</strong> will be exported as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1784125610449">t1_datanode3_segment.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b108411156144412">t1_datanode3_segment.1</strong>, and so on.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0093837405_p939450710194">You are advised to export data from different clusters or databases to different OBS buckets or different paths of the same OBS bucket.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l4c9fcebbb65b4e79a22e73a34dc9fc07">Each segment can store a maximum of 1 GB data, with no tuples sliced. If data stored in a segment exceeds 1 GB, the excess data will be stored in the second segment.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_aec1eb7e05fa24da5a4be5408f4883137"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l4c9fcebbb65b4e79a22e73a34dc9fc07"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l4c9fcebbb65b4e79a22e73a34dc9fc07"></a>For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_af0992aae9fea4ac9abb79a728f16ef3d">A segment has already stored 100 pieces of tuples (1023 MB) when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b685095614449">datanode3</strong> exports data from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b98507569449">t1</strong> to OBS. If a 5 MB tuple is inserted to the segment, the data size becomes 1028 MB. In this case, file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b1185018563443">t1_datanode3_segment.0</strong> (1023 MB) is generated and stored on OBS, and the new tuple is stored on OBS as file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_b9850125617440">t1_datanode3_segment.1</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l5c84571404f2477f87dca78819acd73d">When data is exported from a distributed hash table, the number of segments generated on each DN depends on the data volume stored on a DN, not on the number of DNs in the cluster. Data stored in hash mode may not be evenly distributed on each DN.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0093837405_p352520135314"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l5c84571404f2477f87dca78819acd73d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145491123_l5c84571404f2477f87dca78819acd73d"></a>For example, a cluster has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b20192134918213">DataNode1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b831245213213">DataNode2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b392014542211">DataNode3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b127142571225">DataNode4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b611315010314">DataNode5</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b166841721337">DataNode6</strong>, which store 1.5 GB, 0.7 GB, 0.6 GB, 0.8 GB, 0.4 GB, and 0.5 GB data, respectively. Seven OBS segment files will be generated during data export because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__b182412111335">DataNode1</strong> will generate two segment files, which store 1 GB and 0.5 GB data, respectively.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_s2b14d3d85d5741a5bd6ff1c3383c38f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Export Process</h4><div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_fig61780939163452"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Concurrent data export</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_image1633118373111" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001146820617.png"></span></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_t43fc24262f6b40cca88d4633efd0e5c7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Process description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_r2947856e4c75478c9ef12f5df77200b2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a077931f99fba42fba9ba64990f2635ee">Procedure</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a3a1ed88672ae47fabc73eb3cee95fb85">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a122c4c71d3de42ee8dfd191f05fef05f">Subtask</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_r0003afc325134c0da6544ae550d35e80"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a9bea9dc707754a90aaa27c20905e75a2">Plan data export.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_ac888c13c344f4dc380c1a3d0dc569a3a">Create an OBS bucket and a folder in the OBS bucket as the directory for storing exported data files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_p52968220102122">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a2b7ae7e79332421bbb0eb4411542d22c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_r8b235ba88ec74d9e99c5624c3777cc39"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a8fc870885fcc4f5384a3a7e9a075436f">Create an OBS foreign table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a498a4d797ddf4971a89ba5c739aa4fee">Create a foreign table to help OBS specify information about data files to be exported. The foreign table stores information, such as the destination location, format, encoding, and data delimiter of a source data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_p168301738204117">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0253.html">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_p1859016717436">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_r93734627829048eab3b6a48132ce2fc3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a2f25dc2ff6ff4d25ba3b36dc294d6f92">Export data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a8c77d6d5e8e84a7d9263f991cc519812">After the foreign table is created, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0085031809_b842352706163840">INSERT</strong> statement to efficiently export data to data files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_p578110413424">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0254.html">Exporting Data</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_a4873ba59f453443383ec67417e5d3d60"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.04%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015228__en-us_topic_0000001145491123_en-us_topic_0117407657_p1390783912426">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0250.html">Exporting Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0252.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0252.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45ca035e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0252.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Planning Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_section7173137164732"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_p10489206164747">Plan the storage location of exported data in OBS.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s7274251cd6eb4d56b3f4109d7f766f3a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Planning OBS Save Path and File</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a84ef7a49720745b98b0a1b2ee37a05f4">You need to specify the OBS path (to directory) for storing data that you want to export. The exported data can be saved to a file in CSV format. The system also supports TEXT so that you can import the exported data to various applications.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a27bb90e2ff04470dbbe6ca4b892a233f">The target directory cannot contain any files.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_sf97b7c90ffd5487889d0b443e7d9e9d5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Planning OBS Bucket Permissions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a11ac5ff4323a40f78ad9445d2645f271">The user used to export data must:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_ue93c6bc04be34588a8f7a96d0d859506"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_lf39792b0f3b249469b196fd9e7eecede">Have OBS enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l23b008876f514554911b6f4187d6a310">Have the write permission on the OBS bucket where the data export path is located.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_adeeb08fbc2d94a8fbdc2a92bc127202f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l23b008876f514554911b6f4187d6a310"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l23b008876f514554911b6f4187d6a310"></a>You can configure ACL permissions for the OBS bucket to grant the write permission to a specific user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_abf9b16f203824cbcb4da85c79eec6314">For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s7fcbf9744bc440899b56c22be4fae4f3">Granting Write Permission to OBS Storage Location and OBS Bucket as Planned</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s27d9113ee2404b9a9569615df5b18e54"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Planning Data to Be Exported and Foreign Tables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a28472b49e2404118a1f3f45bc9deae26">You must prepare data to be exported in the database table, and the data volume per row must be less than 1 GB. Based on the data to be exported, plan foreign tables whose attributes such as columns, column types, and length match those of user data.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s7fcbf9744bc440899b56c22be4fae4f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s7fcbf9744bc440899b56c22be4fae4f3"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_s7fcbf9744bc440899b56c22be4fae4f3"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Granting Write Permission to OBS Storage Location and OBS Bucket as Planned</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_ofafc5dcd531e44de8b88f816fd202b84"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l551f73e447804ce9b496d4c21f886e01"><span>Create an OBS bucket and a folder in the OBS bucket as the directory for storing exported data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_ol234014417227"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li1833911452216">Log in to the OBS management console.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p1033911410229"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li1833911452216"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li1833911452216"></a>Click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_uicontrol2134910881164157"><b>Service List</b></span> and choose <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_uicontrol274821817164214"><b>Object Storage Service</b></span> to open the OBS management console.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li133918413224">Create a bucket.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p733994182219"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li133918413224"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li133918413224"></a><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_ph135523717462">For details about how to create an OBS bucket, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Buckets &gt; Creating a Bucket" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__i16571195182214">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>..</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p193399410229">For example, create a bucket named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_b84235270617407">mybucket</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li11340154132219">Create a folder.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p193391547220"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li11340154132219"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811002_li11340154132219"></a>In the OBS bucket, create a folder for storing exported data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p133401849223"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_ph8249174513513">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Managing Objects &gt; Creating a Folder" in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__ph12375449183114"></span>.</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p134011415222">For example, create a folder named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_b84235270617531">output_data</strong> in the created <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_b84235270617552">mybucket</strong> OBS bucket.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l4488c41f289d48dc953faf530d118381"><span>Determine the path of the created OBS folder.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a2629788392eb4de2936089a596c27db9">Specify the OBS path for storing exported data files. This path is the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_b69411290317">location</strong> parameter used for creating a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p16290144214342">The OBS folder path in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__b9421135145614">location</strong> parameter consists of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__b14211151165615">obs://</strong>, a bucket name, and a file path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__p17252417193615">In this example, the OBS folder path is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__screen1425331714369">obs://mybucket/output_data/</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__note134221657133512"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__p1042275793514">The OBS directory to be used for storing data files must be empty.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_l529009df7a68489cb1978fcaf9ab90eb"><span>Grant the OBS bucket write permission to the user who wants to export data.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_en-us_topic_0117407697_a029311ec475a44348c33183bedb837ad">When exporting data, a user must have the write permission on the OBS bucket where the data export path is located. You can configure ACL permissions for the OBS bucket to grant the write permission to a specific user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_p1988194910282"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__en-us_topic_0000001098811002_ph1332311521623">For details, see "OBS Console Operation Guide &gt; Permission Control &gt; Configuring a Bucket ACL" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615223__i055134683213">Object Storage Service User Guide</em>.</span></p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0157.html">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0253.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0253.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fbdba7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0253.html
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating an OBS Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0117443417_section680817017030"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0117443417_ol377210217053"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0117443417_li3323277117053"><span>Based on the path planned in <a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a>, determine the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b11901173282011">location</strong> parameter used for creating a foreign table.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li4135511711"><span>Obtain the access keys (AK and SK) to access OBS.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p1976684178"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_ph3304816178">To obtain access keys, log in to the management console, click the username in the upper right corner, and select <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1128120882914">My Credential</strong> from the menu. Then choose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b277814149296">Access Keys</strong> in the navigation tree on the left. On the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b68319238298">Access Keys</strong> page, you can view the existing AKs or click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b99399368299">Add Access Key</strong> to create and download access keys.</span></p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0117443417_li6199811317357"><span>Examine the formats of data to be exported and determine the values of data format parameters used for creating a foreign table. For details, see data format parameters.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0117443417_li63392893151251"><span>Create an OBS table based on the parameter settings in the preceding steps. For details about how to create a foreign table, see CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export).</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__section133209004020"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p85471237114014">For example, in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ph58711943516">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database, create a write-only foreign table with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b98712911356">format</strong> parameter as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b16871597351">text</strong> to export text files. Set parameters as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ul145471837144018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li7547123715402"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1254723774019">location</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p15470378408">The OBS path of the source data file has been obtained in <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li123314509351">Obtain the OBS path for storing source data files</a> in <a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p1254711374406">For example, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b1760816492520">location</strong> as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__screen10547143711401">location 'obs://mybucket/output_data/',</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li15471637134010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_b031916523110">Access keys (AK and SK)</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ul2547143712403"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li554818371409">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b1517310576426">access_key</strong> to the AK you have obtained.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li054817373406">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b149562585427">secret_access_key</strong> to the SK you have obtained.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__note65480378402"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p654816370401"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b6112751102">access_key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b101181751101">secret_access_key</strong> have been obtained during user creation. Replace the italic part with the actual keys.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ul14548143754017"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li554823764014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b3391201419358">Data format parameters</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ul9548113718401"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li254843719401">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b12364201583519">format</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b73644151355">TEXT</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li154816371401">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b24061917153519">encoding</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b84061317193513">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li1754833774014">Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b4353171617352">encrypt</strong>. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b135401615354">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__li454833717405">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b123557199356">delimiter</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b183563199352">|</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p13548537154013">Based on the above settings, the foreign table is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__screen1354843715407"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_bigint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_varchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_nvarchar2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nvarchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://mybucket/output_data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'|'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encrypt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__p12549113715409">If the following information is displayed, the foreign table has been created:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__screen185491371407">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_section778474442911"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2:</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p4428650112919">For example, in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__ph166252417358">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database, create a write-only foreign table with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1262162417358">format</strong> parameter as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1062122443511">CSV</strong> to export CSV files. Set parameters as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_ul14488193812324"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li147811083819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_b10997101053117">location</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p430324024816">The OBS path of the source data file has been obtained in <a href="dws_04_0243.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615221__en-us_topic_0000001145410931_en-us_topic_0102810712_li123314509351">Obtain the OBS path for storing source data files</a> in <a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p17935183213811">For example, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1745469058">location</strong> as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_screen54689491363">location 'obs://mybucket/output_data/',</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li557020228386"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b503551645">Access keys (AK and SK)</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_ul94661725163611"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li1748993820322">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b2106525686">access_key</strong> to the AK you have obtained.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li567710431368">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1768720078">secret_access_key</strong> to the SK you have obtained.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_note1648943816322"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p1648916383321"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b201519988">access_key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b105709351">secret_access_key</strong> have been obtained during user creation. Replace the italic part with the actual keys.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_ul54901838103216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li0621920163917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_b7777111623114">Data format parameters</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_ul1188182519391"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li10892124218244">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067788382_en-us_topic_0064722272_b842352706165627">format</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067788382_en-us_topic_0064722272_b842352706165631">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li648813388324">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067788382_en-us_topic_0064722272_b842352706165647">encoding</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067788382_en-us_topic_0064722272_b842352706165650">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_li182221418133220">Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b3523102416571">encrypt</strong>. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__b1352932415571">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li11488738133216">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067789874_en-us_topic_0064722285_b84235270616570">delimiter</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0067789874_en-us_topic_0064722285_b84235270616572">,</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_li13675446121817">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b842352706161923">header</strong> (whether the exported data file contains the header row).<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_p4111131410429">Specifies whether a file contains a header with the names of each column in the file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p1722954817188">When exporting data from OBS, this parameter cannot be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b97241153145">true</strong>. Use the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_b1742510304141">false</strong>, indicating that the first row of the exported data file is not the header.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p5898193171031">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table is created using the following statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_screen17865118123918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://mybucket/output_data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">header</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'false'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p48158418478">If the following information is displayed, the foreign table has been created:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100335206__en-us_topic_0000001145411067_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_screen823988182719">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0157.html">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0254.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0254.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..831abeae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0254.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s480b0feb343c4c7d85a32216d88f0c96"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_o0f0087b6a384485b9242097f7ded0fec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l29512321789740e5b22dbf4f57d4b70c"><span>Export data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_sbbaa4f7f087b455b9d857d7bf06d3386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s1828a8b0bb464d93a358e64ad4395a07"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_uab0b95b619b948f5ad5665449bf91662"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_l2ab7a48e0dfe472490381072f5d220fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_en-us_topic_0064722364_b22929371178">Example 1</strong>: Export data from table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_b173903161220">product_info_output</strong> to a data file through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_b153393311929">product_info_output_ext</strong> foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen99949388358"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_p180203953516">If information similar to the following is displayed, the data has been exported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_screen710392357">INSERT 0 10</pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_ld65eb7dcb3114ddba61d2543e20f5c31"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_b420917595211">Example 2</strong>: Export part of the data to a data file by specifying the filter condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_b112093599219">WHERE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_i1320935992112">product_</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_i8209185912110">price</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_i142091593212">&gt;500</em>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_s7c09cd7a5faa43da9d2c886c69c0cae1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output_ext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__en-us_topic_0000001098651282_en-us_topic_0117443418_en-us_topic_0103761570_en-us_topic_0093152958_en-us_topic_0067788780_n60dbe0335b094964968d22fecdee7231"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__ul465671473920"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__li139493023919">The directory to be used for data storage must be empty, or the export will fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099855408__li1965718145396">Data of a special type, such as RAW, is exported as a binary file, which cannot be recognized by the import tool. You need to use the RAWTOHEX() function to convert it to the hexadecimal format before export.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0157.html">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Examples</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s548acae56be046d68e6674044b8724c2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting a Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_p10802142818568">Create two foreign tables and use them to export tables from a database to two buckets in OBS.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_o299d8e655ca5495c91c4ca74d45b00f4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_lc2c496223d304782ad972ffc9fbd4b75"><span>Log in to the OBS data server through the management console. On the OBS server, create the buckets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b66711858145710">/input-data1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b9677165817572">/input-data2</strong> for storing data files, and create data directories <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b166771758185711">/input-data1/data</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b8677105816571">/input-data2/data</strong>, respectively, in the two buckets.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_lb1f03b6b57af440bb51fab450dd1b993"><span>On the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database, create the foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b4839034162016"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text895063432819">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b14728403209"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text1346814103238">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong> for the OBS data server to receive data exported from the database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_p4405868819270">OBS and the database are in the same region. The example <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph588419132020">GaussDB(DWS)</span> table to be exported is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b205177473304"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text5375141802311">tpcds.</span>customer_address</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_en-us_topic_0102849796_p549846001117">Export information is set as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_u5f1f662c77094be5ac2f2ba462acf61c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_lbb77e40728db44efa919312360c9eebc">The source data file directories are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b13343105135819">/input-data1/data/</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b18349155165814">/input-data2/data/</strong>, so <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b5349175145812">location</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1435045135819"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text19207334162311">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1535112520582"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text19730132411235">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1235113515581">obs://input-data1/data/</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1035115545817">obs://input-data2/data/</strong>, respectively.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_en-us_topic_0102849796_p197819121117">Information about data formats is set based on the detailed data format parameters specified during data export from a database. The parameter settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ud56600d032d24312b6f3717bbcb178d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ld8001b0e57234b03af670ff3183b65a9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0085032064_b842352706165627">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0085032064_b842352706165631">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l3800f82a7b624f808d99607963ac58cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0085032744_b842352706165647">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0085032744_b842352706165650">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_en-us_topic_0102849796_li5840261117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b171251535914">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b3132156592">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l80c41c3d884d41feb77d772136453e6f">Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b16147192010591">encrypt</strong>. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b31471920135914">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l48cd7585d38243f1a0c71c48f578d655"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b12167141318111">access_key</strong> is set to the AK you have obtained. (mandatory)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l87100afaac304d5b806adad86b529610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b314114181416">secret_access_key</strong> is set to the SK you have obtained. (mandatory)<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_n9d7a581dcd6b4f07b30907eafe8b2d0b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a0da32467693b4b5ba74b52a71e5568d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b089313541010">access_key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b149001935101020">secret_access_key</strong> have been obtained during user creation. Replace the italic part with the actual keys.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ab98c6803a4924605af9c19f5cb2a75a4">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table is created using the following statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_sbe1b2f925ca54d088765b7fb9d6d2e06"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://input-data1/data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">ENCRYPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'off'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s4c26515b26444a56935f61f2a3198265"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://input-data2/data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">ENCRYPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'off'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l0a7817a971614401b9380ab8679792b9"><span>In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph1763582972010">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, export the data table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b842352706165039"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text517155532417">tpcds.</span>customer_address</strong> to the foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b842352706165059"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text5697153102519">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b84235270616513"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text07181497257">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong> concurrently.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s75a47cd02a0e4413bf74f35f6e84aa8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s1abc8f70fc2248829b93096d185ddcf9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_nfd8dc35f5f2b46d4991219c76c350df0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a847b347bef0343c79e74fe80f164914d">The design of OBS foreign tables does not allow exporting files to a non-empty path. However, in concurrent export scenarios, multiple files are exported to the same path, causing an error.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a6b9ab9e9f71f44a5a456ceca802d2da8">Assume that a user concurrently exports data from the same table to the same OBS foreign table, and that one SQL statement is executed to export data when another SQL statement is being executed and has not generated any file on the OBS server. In this case, certain data is overwritten although both SQL statements are successfully executed. Therefore, you are advised not to concurrently export data to the same OBS foreign table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s0682eb780a4444408e329213f224b370"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Concurrently Exporting Tables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_p20733194218576">Use the two foreign tables to export tables from the database to two buckets in OBS.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_o9f7ee625e05f465182ab8e2b873b22e6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l5ee1ab375333440db3d2771f8c5a55af"><span>Log in to the OBS data server through the management console. On the OBS server, create the buckets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b181825234594">/input-data1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b161821523135915">/input-data2</strong> for storing data files, and create data directories <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b11182102315911">/input-data1/data</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b201828235592">/input-data2/data</strong>, respectively, in the two buckets.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l40210baa8e9b42a19fd90cdad214f05a"><span>In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph128043692010">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, create foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b84235270616450"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text18081046192617">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b84235270616454"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text639818539266">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong> for the OBS server to receive exported data.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_p8462064192751">OBS and the database are in the same region. Tables to be exported are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b031413313594"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text177422589260">tpcds.</span>customer_address</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b6314931185919"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text126011316270">tpcds.</span>customer_demographics</strong>.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a5c7bc3260212497f9943f831542792fc">Export information is set as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ub833b85c53a646e98da83ae595b06ed8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ld0eadd6f805a4d91a130bf95d56f7ed9">The source data file directories are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b16805356115913">/input-data1/data/</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b11806856165913">/input-data2/data/</strong>, so <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b148061656195917">location</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b3806205635913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text110451662716">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1880715563591"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text76396918272">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b11807856155918">obs://input-data1/data/</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b7807175611598">obs://input-data2/data/</strong>, respectively.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a5bdf637a0e294f55a33e66a42a24754b">Information about data formats is set based on the detailed data format parameters specified during data export from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph158245464216">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The parameter settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ufe008cad03a448cdb98331d615fb8534"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l433da8ba092d40f2956909472d05410b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b20572540104812">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b1957214024813">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l28c888a91bc9463e90a12f53998ebed0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b115413423488">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b1054134224811">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l58c93612899b4df2a708bd8f9615952c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b1426113215012">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b442643212018">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l316384a2e5fa40289419a0e7733c476e">Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b84425368014">encrypt</strong>. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b54426361803">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_lfb13c60978ff41a392a4a29f8d24b631"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b1037320306114">access_key</strong> is set to the AK you have obtained. (mandatory)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l70982eabf77a49ed94902f2c1b23fb1e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b14155153412113">secret_access_key</strong> is set to the SK you have obtained. (mandatory)<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_n53b8946e563d41d0ba5ce715e0b7823b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ae86118d224814676ac2ebbb49144df95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b195741656121011">access_key</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b858014561106">secret_access_key</strong> have been obtained during user creation. Replace the italic part with the actual keys.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a047b4a8296534a4cb1684fb825eaa834">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table is created using the following statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s368c63913b4b4f8fbf6345b80ab651bb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://input-data1/data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ENCRYPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'off'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_s42d9153381db4588b056393183de2a08"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_name</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_address_code</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://input_data2/data/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ENCRYPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'off'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_l2f9a87878dcf4f49b1176dfa3320e1a5"><span>In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_ph1025175492114">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, export the data tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b822523630"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text97088222289">tpcds.</span>customer_address</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_b842352706212957"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text16978828122812">tpcds.</span>warehouse</strong> in parallel to the foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b912283691"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text1395093813289">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__b423821949"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__text187291951182819">tpcds.</span>customer_address_ext2</strong>, respectively.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_sdbe615a501c248d9856f7d99753abb65"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_sc12fad7a55d44ab1bb5c9a616f896baa"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_ext2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_a088f6dac91b3429987f50442bcd22e3e"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146735143__en-us_topic_0000001098651170_en-us_topic_0117407687_ab6e0c46f52a74e03aa471453f813a411"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0157.html">Exporting CSV/TXT Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0256.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0256.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60d637b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0256.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815079"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815079"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146815079__en-us_topic_0000001145410927_p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0258.html">Planning Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0259.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0260.html">Creating a Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0158.html">Exporting Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0250.html">Exporting Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0258.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0258.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1ae5d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0258.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Planning Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218__en-us_topic_0000001145410933_p16591533191117">For details about exporting data to OBS, see <a href="dws_04_0252.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218__p9515140927">For details about the data types that can be exported to OBS, see <a href="dws_04_0156.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001117163300__en-us_topic_0092665276_table79747116811">Table 2</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218__en-us_topic_0000001145410933_p12385104002211">For details about HDFS data export or MRS configuration, see the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218__en-us_topic_0000001145410933_ph2740729133515"><i><cite id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100175218__en-us_topic_0000001145410933_en-us_topic_0135554668_cite245375118115">MapReduce Service User Guide</cite></i></span>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0256.html">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0259.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0259.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c00e4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0259.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015230"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015230"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015230__en-us_topic_0000001098811044_p699641614253">For details about creating a foreign server on OBS, see <a href="dws_04_0244.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100015230__en-us_topic_0000001098811044_p36751134112518">For details about creating a foreign server in HDFS, see <a href="dws_04_0213.html">Manually Creating a Foreign Server</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0256.html">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0260.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0260.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c85118a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0260.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p12167448953">After operations in <a href="dws_04_0259.html">Creating a Foreign Server</a> are complete, create an OBS/HDFS write-only foreign table in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_ph8207163711287">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database to access data stored in OBS/HDFS. The foreign table is write-only and can be used only for data export.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p33659853185314">The syntax for creating a foreign table is as follows. For details, see the syntax <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b14523144362911">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE  (SQL on Hadoop or OBS)</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_screen34509377483"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p174842037174819">For example, when creating a foreign table named <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_i13661938123413">product_info_ext_obs</em>, set parameters in the syntax as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul645584873919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li0456164816391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b19458104873912">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p14459164811399">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li25911413571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b691318717383">Table column definitions</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul496273711582"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li1446294810396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b846619483394">column_name</strong>: specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li2471194833916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b447510488398">type_name</strong>: specifies the data type of the column.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p64441413214">Multiple columns are separate by commas (,).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li4488164811399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b1449034813915">SERVER dfs_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p114921548203913">Specifies the foreign server name of the foreign table. This server must exist. The foreign table connects to OBS/HDFS to read data through the foreign server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p1192123102315">Set this parameter to the name of the foreign server created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b8469105915012">9.2.3 Creating a Foreign Server</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li184991948153914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b450214811394">OPTIONS parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p05031548113911">These are parameters associated with the foreign table. The key parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_ul16505124883912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li86062718555"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b1924416131010">format</strong>: specifies the format of the exported data file. The ORC format is supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li976404793314"><span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_parmname1592971512410"><b>foldername</b></span>: (mandatory) specifies the data source file directory in the foreign table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b1170011816214">OBS</strong>: specifies the OBS path of the source data file. You only need to enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__b14303192814112">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_i74251558378">Bucket name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__b9931113171111">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_i1442510581776">Folder directory level</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__b1034041481218">/</strong>, which does not contain the endpoint of OBS. HDFS: specifies the path in the HDFS file system. This parameter is mandatory for the write-only foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li55231748173915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b115261548143916">encoding</strong>: specifies the encoding of the data source file in the foreign table. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__b2018190629">utf8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1241716511227">filesize<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p1141934762310"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1241716511227"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1241716511227"></a>(Optional) Specifies the file size of a write-only foreign table. If this parameter is not specified, the file size in the distributed file system configuration is used by default. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p19846742258">Value range: an integer ranging from 1 to 1024</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_note32011266415"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p02019268413">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b68145984511293">filesize</strong> parameter is valid only for the ORC-formatted write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li10634202212434">compression<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p157219443509"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li10634202212434"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li10634202212434"></a>(Optional) Specifies the compression mode of ORC files. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p1728715317504">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b67764284811293">zlib</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b203752078111293">snappy</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b78459629711293">lz4</strong> The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b2114596511293">snappy</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li16723183074313">version<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p63121479433"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li16723183074313"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li16723183074313"></a>(Optional) Specifies the ORC version number. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p11527451104713">Value range: Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b187332906411293">0.12</strong> is supported. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b155693291911293">0.12</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1831945420718">dataencoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p11198153517818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1831945420718"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145651059_li1831945420718"></a>(Optional) Specifies the data code of the data table to be exported when the database code is different from the data code of the data table. For example, the database code is Latin-1, but the data in the exported data table is in UTF-8 format. If this parameter is not specified, the database encoding format is used by default. This syntax is valid only for the write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p16272113181718">Value range: data code types supported by the database encoding</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_note1867518620215"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_p66751367215">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_b82453597711293">dataencoding</strong> parameter is valid only for the ORC-formatted write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_li18119205351513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_b101191753151519">Other parameters in the syntax</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p2011985361516">Other parameters are optional. You can set them as required. In this example, you do not need to set these parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_en-us_topic_0102810709_p5898193171031">Based on the preceding settings, the command for creating the foreign table is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001146615225__en-us_topic_0000001145651059_screen0768104386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create an OBS foreign table that does not contain partition columns. The foreign server associated with the table is obs_server, the file format on OBS corresponding to the table is ORC, and the data storage path on OBS is/mybucket/data/.</span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_info_ext_obs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_price</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_time</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_level</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type1</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_type2</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_monthly_sales_cnt</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_time</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_num</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">product_comment_content</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/mybucket/demo.db/product_info_orc/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'snappy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'0.12'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Write</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0256.html">Exporting ORC Data to OBS</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0261.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0261.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134920"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134920"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0262.html">Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0263.html">Planning Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0264.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0265.html">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0266.html">Exporting Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0267.html">Stopping GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0268.html">Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0249.html">Data Export</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0262.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0262.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0262.html
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data In Parallel Using GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__p13720167353">In high-concurrency scenarios, you can use GDS to export data from a database to a common file system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__p877219818236">In the current GDS version, data can be exported from a database to a pipe file.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ul1773711507206"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li1743110228237">If the local disk space of the GDS user is insufficient:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ul2425112912316"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li973735052019">The data exported from GDS is compressed using the pipe to occupy less disk space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li87371950102010">The exported data is transferred through the pipe to the HDFS server for storage.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li1260010253232">If you need to cleanse data before exporting data:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ul1530984192310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li81881239152312">You can compile programs as needed and read streaming data from pipes in real time.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__note659914514569"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ul2058214284424"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li65827285425">The current version does not support data export through GDS in SSL mode. Do not use GDS in SSL mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li1458214286429">All pipe files mentioned in this section refer to named pipes on Linux.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__s0eb156e0e50e43469368557fa6237a8d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overview</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a9f340e1c6efb40b3bb88d3e368638a52"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_b17281928133110">Using foreign tables</strong>: A GDS foreign table specifies the exported file format and export mode. Data is exported in parallel through multiple DNs from the database to data files, which improves the overall data export performance. The data files cannot be directly exported to HDFS.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__u545a793e4f744274b0fc30428dbf7617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__lc9270a11f41a4ec285354ac573ac4626">The CN only plans data export tasks and delivers the tasks to DNs. In this case, the CN is released to process other tasks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__l5a62e2f9b7524f10a7fd1e416af4a10a">In this way, the computing capabilities and bandwidths of all the DNs are fully leveraged to export data.<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__faa6a429cffc443c8b23b687f44db8243"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Exporting data using foreign tables</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__image943924313478" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815039.png"></span></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__s0ce9198c80914a4aabb0769fb388569d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Concepts</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__u064f796c0c314c749a0ffc88fdd2e834"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__laf33991b3eaa44d3a3c64a8d4c23fb35"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__b13185812538">Data file</strong>: A TEXT, CSV, or FIXED file that stores data exported from the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__text1297462206">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__l48d3e6e5af30447184e5a03d60a436bf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_b3187537613">Foreign table</strong>: A table that stores information, such as the format, location, and encoding format of a data file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__l32fd16b20b6e4e2787608c38be9e57d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_b7676401110">GDS</strong>: A data service tool. To export data, deploy it on the server where data files are stored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__li13547105312391"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__b6664125515126">Table</strong>: Tables in the database, including row-store tables and column-store tables. Data in the data files is exported from these tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__lc795a776fe5a464b9a63076e957ce435"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_en-us_topic_0117407694_b34029217143653">Remote mode</strong>: Service data in a cluster is exported to hosts outside the cluster.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__s0baa8c8654354e13981fc84cd50fdbae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting a Schema</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a5ba03e9ad43a4023a34a023c4c781000">Data can be exported to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__text361069532">GaussDB(DWS)</span> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_b49572498246">Remote</strong> mode.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__u0f15c5731a2d4f1eb6fcfbd70160fd4f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__lb52dbcf230d04b17af39beb60d4177ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0125634753_b42511726151815">Remote mode</strong>: Service data in a cluster is exported to hosts outside the cluster.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__u59b1684f7aad4854a76c98dc6d18f79e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__lcd21a0a73fc64493b813834e639af6ba">In this mode, multiple GDSs are used to concurrently export data. One GDS can export data for only one cluster at a time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__l0d4fd777d5fe40a48bda3008e980b523">The data export rate of a GDS that resides on the same intranet as cluster nodes is limited by the network bandwidth. A 10GE configuration is recommended.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__l20e67cc3bb94498b9921dae3df937a7b">Data files in TEXT or CSV format are supported. The size of data in a single row must be less than 1 GB.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__s76e0a90aeda246f9a76b5f905e43d6be"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Export Process</h4><div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__f8b56f4cb984c4943a73d1b64d3d9a7ea"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Concurrent data export</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__image9230152019563" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815033.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ae6eb468ed28f4ae5bd2e705b96787b5c"></p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__t189e9578f6c04f028da5c323a57ba01a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Process description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r2bebfd27c7dd46938f2fd4b17f26ce26"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" id="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a666e69c75bf54bf2bf6bdf67c6ad963a">Process</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" id="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a08a306c56eb5418697ab5e1e04b3ae0e">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" id="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ab95a0c717b764d2eb7ec234cf299f3cd">Subtask</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r6598937e9c71421ea6343885ff04c182"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a22dc68538b3645e5b72833720c0e8eca">Plan data export.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0117407695_p18314141324">Prepare data to be exported and plan the export path for the mode to be selected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a9f6c2add692a4683b3eb4f01768d79a4">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0263.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0117407695_p316511473812">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r6b3296e569e74c168bbe614d82b23453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ab3d67011fc904f4d98d43225d3fdb9bf">Start GDS.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ab8330df3e0034200935f9291e573ab4f">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__b0908023432">Remote</strong> mode is selected, install, configure, and start GDS on data servers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a97e0396bb07d422a8c801b199b5fb1ae">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0264.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a2aec3613796f42ada43568f518e1d13c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r9624381d6a834d62a1975f6e6b27eccf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a0bc18807b6694efebeae7623ed79c7f1">Create a foreign table,</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a8482b971ac6f4664ad366ccfe4d0d779">Create a foreign table to help GDS specify information about a data file. The foreign table stores information, such as the location, format, encoding, and inter-data delimiter of a data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0117407695_p895252637">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0265.html">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a2678e2fbe68a4c90a3fbec3fd1958a1e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r7060b34296ee4b35bb5d092b7bcd3c6f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__aa564dea4040746669f6dffff788d29b6">Export data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ab67af7c12e824212888ceca15c5ba61a">After the foreign table is created, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__b540410418435">INSERT</strong> statement to efficiently export data to data files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__en-us_topic_0117407695_p137029378231">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0266.html">Exporting Data</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__ab498ebec522842b8afb5d9f54de0694f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__r232184fde1844a00ae91b43fcc81c7c5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__aae89b4b37d2042ac869419f746c79fa3">Stop GDS.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a6e3268fc1a0944dabbc233e6dc6216e3">Stop GDS after data is exported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a289642c8ae4b419fba48a19383fb7a40">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0267.html">Stopping GDS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39%" headers="mcps1.3.7.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694711__a82adccb5d3ec431c8b53b7872cbd12e1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0263.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0263.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e586e503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0263.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Planning Data Export</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__s1e27c609a00046b6b20621d981545a1c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__ac2c1dd51675f4551912ec79c2eedaae1">Before you use GDS to export data from a cluster, prepare data to be exported and plan the export path.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__s52f8ed441f404364b3ff8229d002c05a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Planning an Export Path</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__ul194341640526"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__li94348401925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__en-us_topic_0117443419_b50455901182733">Remote</strong> mode</li></ul>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__en-us_topic_0117443419_ol78687516388"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__l5393bade416c4543bc4cff0d4ffb3b7a"><span>Log in to the GDS data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__b842352706164548">root</strong> and create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__b842352706164555">/output_data</strong> directory for storing data files.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__sb23d45975eca43f0b33d8a4b54fcc2d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__af6b79411196d4d75a5147fb9c3242f53">mkdir -p</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__ad293e275b7994d4481f44002e2480bdc">/output_data</em></pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__lbdddd9b7f5754807a37b7f078ca45e7a"><span>(Optional) Create a user and the user group to which it belongs. This user is used to start GDS and must have the write permission on the directory for storing data files.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__scac1bcb834494a208943aafc690de2d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__aee2d549fa8014238996b44cccab2893a">groupadd </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__a97a6381948ad4a08ac6701033801cf66">gdsgr</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__af0603c0fa3d045d1a1493d0710eabd44">p</em>
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__a8ce43b9dee7a47238d2a6039654d7a01">useradd -g</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__af299aa503bef4575b51cbb362a1aae07">gdsgrp </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__i4850144164011">gdsuser</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__a24e73521f8b145fa81e15ba5d1ec4312">If the following information is displayed, the user and user group already exist. Skip this step.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__scaba25842b244a9b8497b2afd081e4ae">useradd: Account 'gdsuser' already exists.
+groupadd: Group 'gdsgrp' already exists.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__l05f5c08328f247a1aa548506d2f32e43"><span>Change the directory owner to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__b2121205319477">gdsuser</strong>.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__s2ef1a194a58943278151f7f36302b005"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__aec6f073712a34057870679da93253de8">chown -R </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894717__af17527f8338c41d784fb7cc953e3f0eb">gdsuser:gdsgrp /output_data </em></pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0264.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0264.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d322964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0264.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494947"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494947"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494947__en-us_topic_0117407720_p655902199110">GDS is a data service tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494947__text1604689277">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494947__en-us_topic_0117407720_p534410599110">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0193.html">Installing, Configuring, and Starting GDS</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0265.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0265.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da314e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0265.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a GDS Foreign Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__sb6c038ea4d104257ba56d44d0697211c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ob04b061e899b4a459cbaeb61d4373f58"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l269bbf077f94485fbec6fa526af7310b"><span>Set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b1636814815596">location</strong> parameter for the foreign table based on the path planned in <a href="dws_04_0263.html">Planning Data Export</a>.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__u13a1ba9375a34a82a244d30f70e1cb77"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ld2edb8497c7f4ef99dabb792c654e944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__en-us_topic_0117443420_b50455901182733">Remote</strong> mode<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a9e71bbe344844742aa577de84e58ff67">Set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__en-us_topic_0085031883_b84235270616473">location</strong> parameter to the URL of the directory that stores the data files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__p620719092012">You do not need to specify any file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a7c7244983b224759a7b9117058196c15">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a20924e35e2d34373884b165e742b165c">The IP address of the GDS data server is 192.168.0.90. The listening port number set during GDS startup is 5000. The directory for storing data files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b116461751194818">/output_data</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ae3bcaef4d30c4752bdc2e7af90cfc19c">In this case, set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__en-us_topic_0085031883_b842352706164814">location</strong> parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__en-us_topic_0085031883_b842352706164819">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__note1223714021313"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ul154581019389"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__li16545131063814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b653465018378">location</strong> can be set to a subdirectory, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b1153435073720">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/2019/11/</strong>, so that the same table can be exported to different directories by date.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__li5545161033815">In the current version, when an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b1328765512544">export</strong> task is executed, the system checks whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b9440172115511">/output_data/2019/11</strong> directory exists. If the directory does not exist, the system creates it. During the export, files are written to this directory. In this way, you do not need to manually run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b975213117560">mkdir -p /output_data/2019/11</strong> command after creating or modifying a foreign table.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__li166411122912"><span>Set data format parameters in the foreign table based on the planned data file formats. For details about format parameters, see data format parameters.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l3e1f6c916ea74f329b3cb9ddb3854f3d"><span>Create a GDS foreign table based on the parameter settings in the preceding steps. For details about how to create a foreign table, see CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export).</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__sd142b490bc4a49c1a5aa819b99c233b5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__uf217e50c39df43d2b45cc2cdebe94d97"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l40a428c8886d4b2b90d4b9adff37e79b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b162216291117">Example</strong>: Create the GDS foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b962292912113">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong> for the source data. Data is to be exported as CSV files.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a79af719de77f49ffbd16255a57090b5b">Data export mode settings are as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ad8bd9a10399a4cc29951693389c0eb6d">The data server resides on the same intranet as the cluster. The IP address of the data server is 192.168.0.90. Data is to be exported as CSV files. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b1419611159714">Remote</strong> mode is selected for parallel data export.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a8ae7a2de86554665865ea2620d4612ec">Assume that the directory for storing data files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165544">/output_data/</strong> and the GDS listening port is 5000 when GDS is started. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165555">location</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b84235270616561">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ade5787e614d644d2a11c795a848b55ca">Data format parameter settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__u8469b25260f749778d5f7053d5257e05"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__lad48220ae4724ae9aeb3cb7a017855fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165627">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165631">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__lb63983d208594b72a79610d2032e27fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706143434">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706161148">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__ld35611b1c8a6474aba52cffba76dd4fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b10368161911335">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b18368151920330">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l1b2b670a4b214b84b528160da5b9171d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b686216219337">quote</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b18863521133319">E'\x1b'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__lacfa868b047c4e8b8df8670ab6cfc4b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165729">null</strong> is set to an empty string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__lad4e684aa2484af88440f51e0aba7e61"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b41714265341">escape</strong> is set to the same value as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b19176126203410">quote</strong> by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l784d9d6163644ab9b3608e57f292abcc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165753">header</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706171243">false</strong>, indicating that the first row is identified as a data row in an exported file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__l0d718ba9a7624dd1af983dc18e4b3df5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165812">EOL</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__b842352706165817">0X0A</strong>.</li></ul>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__a2937dea056934d2d93d48d57dba53e7c">The foreign table is created using the following statement:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814890__s7629129ccb4d4b11925230261ac93012"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">EOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'0x0a'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0266.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0266.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..168453cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0266.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Data</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__s99e15cc874f543108afae0ed2d488f9d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__a212f249a9b9b420582b2f8b1e727d3b1">Ensure that the IP addresses and ports of servers where CNs and DNs are deployed can connect to those of the GDS server.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__sd83c905305044697b6c38ee7e3f6a2d3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__o15a5e18b91a2465c9e847a265dceca60"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__l3865b7709eee440796276f8d52cd00ac"><span>Export data.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__se9f950eefaf44e108858f85b949846a1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">Source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__n346b594078d0407988f0978846d2b93f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__p760784113919">Create batch processing scripts to export data in parallel. The degree of parallelism depends on the server resource usage. You can test several tables and monitor resource usage to determine whether to increase or reduce the amount. Common resource monitoring commands include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__b11701106249">top</strong> for memory and CPU usage, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__b8701709241">iostat</strong> for I/O usage, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894457__b1370112016245">sar</strong> for networks. For details about application cases, see <a href="dws_04_0268.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s855daf73006d4e05ba6d04f8db74e7f6">Exporting Data Using Multiple Threads</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0267.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0267.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49730fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0267.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694861"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694861"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stopping GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694861__en-us_topic_0117407720_p655902199110">GDS is a data service tool provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694861__text144741519133216">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Using the foreign table mechanism, this tool helps export data at a high speed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694861__en-us_topic_0117407720_p534410599110">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0197.html">Stopping GDS</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0268.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0268.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..098c3fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0268.html
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Examples of Exporting Data Using GDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sdcad1f9356214a9f8912535e46f27537"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Data in Remote Mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a4bf3b2440fbf4f52b6c6639e14224786">The data server and the cluster reside on the same intranet, the IP address of the data server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b103731546123919">192.168.0.90</strong>, and data source files are in CSV format. In this scenario, data is exported in parallel in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b9116185712418">Remote</strong> mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a46c3af2df2be45d4ba98deb083e90924">To export data in parallel in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b19241185122518">Remote</strong> mode, perform the following operations:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__o9a0388cdf1e542d287a5540ae7baf502"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ld4537905065b4df3aa5e83bf33ac481f">Log in to the GDS data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b9305631141213">root</strong>, create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b830517319124">/output_data</strong> directory for storing data files, and create user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b963043161711">gds_user</strong> and its user group.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s78555e7342fb451fb59b0bd36209795b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a23be3c8547284743a1b143ca7efd378a">mkdir -p</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__aa153073350c74a2f9c5bd6230a271581">/output_data</em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l1b57a31aefde416980683b316b21816d">(Optional) Create a user and the user group it belongs to. The user is used to start GDS. If the user and user group exist, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sbe89ef3a703a45a1a69f1dad29006ed6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0117407660_b2851994648">groupadd</strong> gdsgrp
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a854bc4c25d4b4ce6800680e1c0f2d72f">useradd -g</strong> gdsgrp gds_user</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l24130c54425d46a0a6649eb9330ac0e8">Change the owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b372029376172051">/output_data</strong> directory on the data server to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b84235270610312">gds_user</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s84dc6d0d43b647278c078f1f8af92efa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a1e14a011dd4849ab95a70db024cacc9c">chown -R</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a02c0385d6ba74e98b54b80e6b4db3d25">gds_user:gdsgrp /output_data </em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__lcb5f581a8d1c49859759f52e647f1e68">Log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b372029376172120">gds_user</strong> and start GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a25f16b50be834206b5d988f0bf25b4c8">The GDS installation path is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b4642519162812">/opt/bin/dws/gds</strong>. Exported data files are stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b76429192285">/output_data/</strong>. The IP address of the data server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1627094544215">192.168.0.90</strong>. The GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b83568484425">5000</strong>. GDS runs in daemon mode.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sda5fd2f566f840d4887090dcc815b2bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a7cffb6b04721468aa19322ab967c573f">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ab7dacd8be40f4c3f8906ad0e8f085032">/output_data</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__aaf55e94951a2456d9f50bc1342822508">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a5baed96fa11b4c9cad6c9f577e46bcc6">192.168.0.90:5000 </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ad6a1247535d7453a97290fb3afac2c14">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a1312cd8328c04165beefbd2330908f09"> </em>10.10.0.1/24<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a3219e766c45b4bd79ae9062c594f8a80"> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a604c4118ef934467b1aa0a17bc61c477">-D</strong></pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l955109db195e4df0b8cb0c8302b0a4db">In the database, create the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b10909105514010">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong> for receiving data from the data server.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a74b966859e4d466392e1a4c012105b9f">Data export mode settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__u6fbf09b30fa24a02aff41c2e4e3421e0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l2ab20bef959246f099a6f1f79d706d81">The directory for storing exported files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b372029376172233">/output_data/</strong> and the GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b189631964441">5000</strong> when GDS is started. The directory created for storing exported files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b372029376172254">/output_data/</strong>. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b37202937617234">location</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b37202937617239">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a532202bd8e50499fb6c472047f1d7266">Data format parameter settings are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__uc2215176ef004d86a5851eb452470f5b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l7ca5051d0da343948517138d7b9818d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b842352706165627">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b842352706165631">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__lbf7f52ea70814df0bc8ba44c84711fce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b842352706143434">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b842352706161148">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ld341b52fd0584aa494c6961abc82c5ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b147317101574">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b14739104719">E'\x0a'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l329b644c674644e88bd3a522add2450d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1330801017354">quote</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b173081610163512">E'\x1b'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l3baf5e5eedd14a2cabeb02bf5ba34eed"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b554252501012">null</strong> is set to an empty string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li79983214235"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b3394931124512">escape</strong> defaults to the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1639443117453">quote</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l6e7cbd6e683c45cfaa47999c9a149d05"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b151131842133616">header</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b16113104213619">false</strong>, indicating that the first row is identified as a data row in an exported file.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a72f693e13d40407dba47e20ce9543f98">Based on the above settings, the foreign table is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sf4b7b16acd6345a8a9bfbb644aed3130"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l9dbbfaf5608c424f91983b2da930e214">In the database, export data to data files through the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1439165213111">foreign_tpcds_reasons</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s923bd88f69064af2bb3b61dd87416741"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l83cce3771fcd4e1e835f2f47c6e25001">After data export is complete, log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b372029376175142">gds_user</strong> and stop GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a4d1bf02bbbca4499aded2e9fb0d172ba">The GDS process ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b11482734465">128954</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s4fe052d30dba4624b044380a78d960bf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a80e8531fc10d4d5b9fb792461adccd71">ps -ef|grep gds</strong>
+gds_user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a82e254a5f08649ed8a10feff5c3024dd">128954</strong>      1  0 15:03 ?        00:00:00 gds -d /output_data -p 192.168.0.90:5000 -D
+gds_user 129003 118723  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep gds
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a2894f2c108a74833b2faf77d3607a60f">kill -9</strong> 128954</pre>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s855daf73006d4e05ba6d04f8db74e7f6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s855daf73006d4e05ba6d04f8db74e7f6"></a><a name="s855daf73006d4e05ba6d04f8db74e7f6"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Data Using Multiple Threads</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a6ea339cc06174f5783ef17efa4e0c072">The data server and the cluster reside on the same intranet, the IP address of the data server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b6259329194715">192.168.0.90</strong>, and data source files are in CSV format. In this scenario, data is concurrently exported to two target tables using multiple threads in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b186946719490">Remote</strong> mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__afc0d8043841e415980397eb4daeb63f2">To concurrently export data using multiple threads in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b2092018175413">Remote</strong> mode, perform the following operations:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__o2b7bb4d1b885432cb7dc251831f558da"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ldb4da38e458c47d88063fa270e2c566b">Log in to the GDS data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b57682817226">root</strong>, create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b2076910817228">/output_data</strong> directory for storing data files, and create the database user and its user group.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s2b312a2cdd5c45f4ba1a775ea26de6a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a18cbaf9935d44edfb195ef46d8e4ea8d">mkdir -p</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a0f7e73d88ea64b4e81d4de0dd087e956">/output_data</em>
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0117407669_b20932951624">groupadd</strong> gdsgrp
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0117407669_b439058901624">useradd</strong> -g <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0117407669_i667161761624">gdsgrp gds_user</em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l5db37895dbaf4e58b4321d494e5d1342">Change the owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1355114714">/output_data</strong> directory on the data server to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b929165205">gds_user</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sa2dd8dda39884fdcbcf342448633ba5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a7105bd19859448aebe664f4f4d384e17">chown -R</strong> gds_user:gdsgrp<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__i7236112210411"> /output_data </em></pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ld2c41791b1cc4c5285d48ae380ff7f23">Log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b174161458102212">gds_user</strong> and start GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a75a988d7150e436889ed7f764dbf1abd">The GDS installation path is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b3720293761817">/opt/bin/dws/gds</strong>. Exported data files are stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0085032744_b37202937618115">/output_data/</strong>. The IP address of the data server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1724421112496">192.168.0.90</strong>. The GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b544915165491">5000</strong>. GDS runs in daemon mode. The degree of parallelism is 2.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s7791d200070a4add972a2c11db854842"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a4adf0ee1094847f6973e15b4671d8c38">/opt/bin/dws/gds/bin/gds -d</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a74fe58782ce64de6ba464ba97e89c031">/output_data</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a6d5d114574e8445baf0ec028b309b7a5">-p </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a03907ea1abe547edbf73f11519d1c231">192.168.0.90:5000 </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a5f3ebbf23e2a48c9806aa0aaa5500b1c">-H</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a08b9dd71cece4481a347f3aac82d87d7"> </em>10.10.0.1/24<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__aefb46bcca7bb4441b0ef08a4dbfb3d15"> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a1dc625a609e44f4d81aceb167afbfaf1">-D -t </strong>2<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a89c3aeeb5a2c41a9a660beb5be09224f"> </strong></pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ld521900340f64063a359f8ec145383a1">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text1893218442">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, create the foreign tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0125634759_b894734124412">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0125634759_b842352706155915">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> for receiving data from the data server.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__u17b613cb33be435e95ada54073ca2da2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l52bbad736a0a4deb8c6239773fdedbda">Data export mode settings are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__u7fae3b75f8114b309ee250164a951cf1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__la07e3bacf69347538b2dd610ff1d8be9">The directory for storing exported files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1048213454494">/output_data/</strong> and the GDS listening port is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b114821445164913">5000</strong> when GDS is started. The directory created for storing exported files is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b6794205134913">/output_data/</strong>. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b143805914453">location</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b438015919455">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ldb671c8309fa415b98373b1e59428c52">Data format parameter settings are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__u2f25d570ce7e448b9b1a85642018db58"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__la94b8d957a114f1dbd04480e9d9ff947"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1890487381">format</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1665660071">CSV</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l8bb0675b3eb04ba6bcfcac6acd7e8f67"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1495047069">encoding</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b369067804">UTF-8</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__la29d3cb7e95e4054b88cf91194c2daf2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b15485612103514">delimiter</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b048515126355">E'\x08'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l97fc4774a9a249819077ede9d22d2d06"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b68216142357">quote</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b18821014143519">E'\x1b'</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__lf3539c39860645c094bb66d2a33de0ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b669896293">null</strong> is set to an empty string without quotation marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__lcf191e63fc704080a882c8abeaf82f08"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b17451298503">escape</strong> defaults to the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b11457209115013">quote</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l144b35da7b8d41e4ad28b7746e228054"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b146811268433">header</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b94687263435">false</strong>, indicating that the first row is identified as a data row in an exported file.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a9812744e60b2445283a90189b2ebafce">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b4338191235">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s31fdffdc7ad3444190f415b63e209abc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a411aae6fd01b451fbb2564515664f138">Based on the preceding settings, the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b151361340164614">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> is created using the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sadae6271ec644734a09c29475da670e5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CSV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x1b'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__l060f64b7504940fc99ec63e143c7b546">In the database, export data from table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1738319311478">reasons1</strong> through the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b102711951483">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</strong> and from table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b16803141414819">reasons2</strong> through the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1267772454819">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__en-us_topic_0058967650_b37202937618421">/output_data</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sea0f7f34561a48aca8450e52b26b6b2c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__s0455fa60cbf14f2ba7fa907c38031be3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_tpcds_reasons2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ldb2968d060f84be094f5c20b549cf5f3">After data export is complete, log in to the data server as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1088293854814">gds_user</strong> and stop GDS.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a7483e2c69c094c52a3cf824f6ce55b19">The GDS process ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b1798518377518">128954</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__sa7aaeb365f45405aba5d06f7d088a9eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a7e9a068d4f4d49bfa88d8e14c8eb48aa">ps -ef|grep gds</strong>
+gds_user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a6ac03fe3dc72477fbe96c3aaf95268b3">128954</strong>      1  0 15:03 ?        00:00:00 gds -d /output_data -p 192.168.0.90:5000 -D -t 2 
+gds_user 129003 118723  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep gds
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__a72a8bbc84511449ca6e8acddacaf4888">kill -9</strong> 128954</pre>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__section2099813620517"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Data Through a Pipe</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol82421990535"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li6244119145316"><span>Start GDS.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen135315351579">gds -d /***/gds_data/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7789 -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__p1152131474119">If you need to set the timeout interval of a pipe, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b199035617457">--pipe-timeout</strong> parameter.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li1390185824920"><span>Export data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol1817971012508"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li131793107508">Log in to the database, create an internal table, and write data to the table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen323918010593"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text96541727153116"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe( id integer not null, sex text not null, name text ) ;
+
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text8536123433112"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(1,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text10686536153110"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(2,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text11625203813318"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(3,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text628713409316"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(4,2,'11111111111111');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li17478201417506">Create a write-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen62601859102512"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text1039115588345"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe_tw( id integer not null, age text not null, name  text ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://192.168.0.1:7789/', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe', auto_create_pipe 'false') WRITE ONLY;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li47991418135213">Execute the export statement. The statement will be blocked.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen175603226012"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text171922418353"></span>INSERT INTO foreign_test_pipe_tw select * from test_pipe; </pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li149561245205218"><span>Export data through the GDS pipe.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol15910111110109"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li139111811131016">Log in to GDS and go to the GDS data directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen9788294017">cd /***/gds_data/  </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li51338155105">Create a pipe. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b126253216462">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b22624326464">true</strong>, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen1514862454012">mkfifo postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe </pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__note1034813717381"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__p11348177103810">A pipe will be automatically cleared after an operation is complete. To perform another operation, create a pipe again.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li97952111103">Read data from the pipe and write it to a new file.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen1493183634012">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe &gt; postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li1624962831013">To compress the exported files, run the following command:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen14320838125815">gzip -9 -c &lt; postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe  &gt; out.gz </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li2679153791019">To export the content from the pipe to the HDFS server, run the following command:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen137382145512">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe  | hdfs dfs -put -  /user/hive/***/test_pipe.txt</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li19597125335218"><span>Verify the exported data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol986619499153"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li686654941512">Check whether the exported file is correct.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen3187123512519">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt
+3,2,11111111111111
+1,2,11111111111111
+2,2,11111111111111
+4,2,11111111111111</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li3258165316153">Check the compressed file.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen113614487516">vim out.gz
+3,2,11111111111111
+1,2,11111111111111
+2,2,11111111111111
+4,2,11111111111111</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li155211259181516">Check the data exported to the HDFS server.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen168718416619">hdfs dfs -cat /user/hive/***/test_pipe.txt
+3,2,11111111111111
+1,2,11111111111111
+2,2,11111111111111
+4,2,11111111111111</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__section162219436522"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Data Through Multi-Process Pipes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__p842218541105">GDS also supports importing and exporting data through multi-process pipes. That is, one foreign table corresponds to multiple GDSs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__p379766184215">The following takes exporting a local file as an example.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol20408174771311"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li9408104721314"><span>Start multiple GDSs.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen9565938191215">gds -d /***/gds_data/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7789 -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D
+gds -d /***/gds_data_1/ -D -p 192.168.0.1:7790 -l /***/gds_log/aa.log -H 0/0 -t 10 -D</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__p133521190431">If you need to set the timeout interval of a pipe, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b474918556478">--pipe-timeout</strong> parameter.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li1725917883612"><span>Export data.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol412981103614"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li141296112362">Log in to the database and create an internal table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen1332163311134"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text12371194717351"></span>CREATE TABLE test_pipe (id integer not null, sex text not null, name  text);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li1884141515444">Write data.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen1987415714411"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text884134913357"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(1,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text6652651153510"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(2,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text163641253163519"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(3,2,'11111111111111');
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text4339955193510"></span>INSERT INTO test_pipe values(4,2,'11111111111111');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li13149191411361">Create a write-only foreign table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen393885161317"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text299475723517"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe_tw( id integer not null, age text not null, name  text ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://192.168.0.1:7789/|gsfs://192.168.0.1:7790/', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe', auto_create_pipe 'false') WRITE ONLY;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li20505220153614">Execute the export statement. The statement will be blocked.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen123719184149"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__text670511023610"></span>INSERT INTO foreign_test_pipe_tw select * from test_pipe; </pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li14257155511383"><span>Export data through the GDS pipes.</span><p><ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__ol199213263914"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li945575119395">Log in to GDS and go to each GDS data directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen465135973914">cd /***/gds_data/ 
+cd /***/gds_data_1/ </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li12492811203920">Create a pipe. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b239212105485">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__b17392910164819">true</strong>, skip this step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen438619016152">mkfifo postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe </pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li95801819203911">Read each pipe and write the new file to the pipes.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen5662812151">cat postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe &gt; postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__li1724519137161"><span>Verify the exported data.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen853063471517">cat /***/gds_data/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt
+3,2,11111111111111</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974516__screen219884691516">cat /***/gds_data_1/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.txt
+1,2,11111111111111
+2,2,11111111111111
+4,2,11111111111111</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0261.html">Using GDS to Export Data to a Remote Server</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134488"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134488"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078859"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0270.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0271.html">Exporting a Single Database</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0275.html">Exporting All Databases</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0278.html">Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0987.html">Metadata Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0270.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0270.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078863"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1980593772417"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__text1842562021">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides gs_dump and gs_dumpall to export required database objects and related information. To migrate database information, you can use a tool to import the exported metadata to a target database. gs_dump exports a single database or its objects. gs_dumpall exports all databases or global objects in a cluster. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__table08278213504">Table 1</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__table08278213504"></a><a name="table08278213504"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__table08278213504" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Application scenarios</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row2831521105012"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p18835192113509">Application Scenario</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p13836621145020">Export Granularity</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1212911301660">Export Format</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.32%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1996105810478">Import Method</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row139011427201518"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1190212731520">Exporting a single database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p21091513163"><a href="dws_04_0272.html">Database-level export</a></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul118341222101716"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li98341622111710">Export full information of a database.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p24138391172"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li98341622111710"></a><a name="li98341622111710"></a>You can use the exported information to create a same database containing the same data as the current one.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li37460595177">Export all object definitions of a database, including the definitions of the database, functions, schemas, tables, indexes, and stored procedures.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p12620187198"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li37460595177"></a><a name="li37460595177"></a>You can use the exported object definitions to quickly create a same database as the current one, without data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1041214386193">Export data of a database.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="16.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul6884122713717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li68847276371">Plain text</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li2038265822017">Custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1994149112112">Directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li153212303373">.tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="29.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul3303122921718"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li16303132911712">For details about how to import data files in text format, see <a href="dws_04_0208.html">Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li130811296172">For details about how to import data files in .tar, directory, or custom format, see <a href="dws_04_0209.html">Using gs_restore to Import Data</a>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row14846172111503"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1591231313911"><a href="dws_04_0273.html">Schema-level export</a></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul1168718192398"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li17689151919398">Export full information of a schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li176928197398">Export data of a schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1369521983915">Export all object definitions of a schema, including the definitions of tables, stored procedures, and indexes.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row1799102615586"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p11531183413323"><a href="dws_04_0274.html">Table-level export</a><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul1315583911272"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li15322164413276">Export full information of a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1915519398275">Export data of a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li12155173918278">Export the definition of a table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row897814336119"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1982611595111">Exporting all databases in a cluster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p04581552191112"><a href="dws_04_0276.html">Database-level export</a></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul85791032162816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li358018329286">Export full information of a cluster.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1058243202816"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li358018329286"></a><a name="li358018329286"></a>You can use the exported information to create a same cluster containing the same databases, global objects, and data as the current one.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1858463210283">Export all object definitions of a cluster, including the definitions of tablespaces, databases, functions, schemas, tables, indexes, and stored procedures.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p958623215282"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1858463210283"></a><a name="li1858463210283"></a>You can use the exported object definitions to quickly create a same cluster as the current one, containing the same databases and tablespaces but without data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li458611322282">Export data of a cluster.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="16.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p79781033141112">Plain text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="29.32%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p4978533161118">For details about how to import data files, see <a href="dws_04_0208.html">Using the gsql Meta-Command \COPY to Import Data</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__row77541130171112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p1914077194118"><a href="dws_04_0277.html">Global object export</a><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul181421273418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li1414337204110">Export tablespaces.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li11469734119">Export roles.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li814916704115">Export tablespaces and roles.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p206861759365">gs_dump and gs_dumpall use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b1036916374562">-U</strong> to specify the user that performs the export. If the specified user does not have the required permission, data cannot be exported. In this case, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b149351858135715">--role</strong> in the export command to the role that has the permission. Then, gs_dump or gs_dumpall uses the specified role to export data. See <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__table08278213504">Table 1</a> for application scenarios and <a href="dws_04_0278.html">Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions</a> for operation details.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p263743963">gs_dump and gs_dumpall encrypt the exported data files. These files are decrypted before being imported to prevent data disclosure for higher database security.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p203823882615">When gs_dump or gs_dumpall is used to export data from a cluster, other users can still access (read data from and write data to) databases in the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p025617309813">gs_dump and gs_dumpall can export complete, consistent data. For example, if gs_dump is used to export database A or gs_dumpall is used to export all databases from a cluster at T1, data of database A or all databases in the cluster at that time point will be exported, and modifications on the databases after that time point will not be exported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__p13986194351310">Obtain gs_dump and gs_dumpall by decompressing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b4393132615512">gsql CLI client</strong> package.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__section969916571299"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__ul167021557182915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li4702175711299">Do not modify an exported file or its content. Otherwise, restoration may fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li16709357132914">For data consistency and integrity, gs_dump and gs_dumpall set a share lock for a table to be dumped. If a share lock has been set for the table in other transactions, gs_dump and gs_dumpall lock the table after the lock is released. If the table cannot be locked within the specified time, the dump fails. You can customize the timeout duration to wait for lock release by specifying the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b842352706103121">--lock-wait-timeout</strong> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li871175762910">During an export, gs_dumpall reads all tables in a database. Therefore, you need to connect to the database as a cluster administrator to export a complete file. When you use gsql to import scripts, cluster administrator permissions are also required to add users and user groups, and create databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__li490411101059">By default, the definitions of all views in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__text280826219">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database contain the prefix of table names or aliases (in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b1547014335187">tab.col</strong> format). Therefore, the definitions may be inconsistent with the original ones. As a result, the base table corresponding to the rebuilt view column is incorrect and an error is reported. However, this rarely happens. To prevent this problem, you are advised to set the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b1322481374412">behavior_compat_options</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815008__b142015214511">compat_display_ref_table</strong> when exporting view definitions, so the exported definitions are consistent with the original statements.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494851"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494851"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting a Single Database</h1>
+<div id="body1548320069998"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494851__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0272.html">Exporting a Database</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0273.html">Exporting a Schema</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0274.html">Exporting a Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0272.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0272.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting a Database</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078903"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p1931051294215">You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a database from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text442585224">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can specify the information to be exported as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ul15714195354211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li740619570296">Export full information of a database, including its data and all object definitions.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p15610558112913"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li740619570296"></a><a name="li740619570296"></a>You can use the exported information to create a same database containing the same data as the current one.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1465415368307">Export all object definitions of a database, including the definitions of the database, functions, schemas, tables, indexes, and stored procedures.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p1740319375307"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1465415368307"></a><a name="li1465415368307"></a>You can use the exported object definitions to quickly create a same database as the current one, without data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1529317220333">Export data of a database.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__s92dde18bfe374ae28e35a3c03e5b76db"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ol13282237570"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1598384682716"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li57820116171210"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li28159407171547"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li15256751171613"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li52026572575"><span>Use gs_dump to export data of the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b20533151491719"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text1392551118542">gaussdb</span></strong>.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__screen17872792583"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b1087317945814">gs_dump -W</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i8226911215">password</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b62951262912">-U</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i2891135451513">jack</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b1887519955819">-f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i118761096588">/home//backup/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i1380354113212">postgres</em>_backup.tar</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b18877139185814">-p 8000</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text3576204517920">gaussdb</span> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i10117317556"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text1663617501313"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b98811590585">-F</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i188191255162">t</em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i1988139175813"> </em></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p8232111218592">Username for connecting to the database. If this parameter is not configured, the username of the connected database is used.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p1583152842510">-U jack</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1888214014819">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1884150888">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p1898043113581">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i1568374210564">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p11238513175619">-f /home//backup/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i522734715214">postgres</em>_backup.tar</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p341117521853">-p 8000</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row138462754518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i637612016163">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b153837011619">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b13843019161">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b53856013166">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b18386609163">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p8782872280">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p1278211752814">Name of the database to be exported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p12782147122820"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text10512122134811">gaussdb</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p141711116303">-F</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p9417511183018">Format of exported files. The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b115211549921">-F</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ul4489102813339"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li19489102814336"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b729155912219">p</strong>: plain text</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1048922883311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b4892090312">c</strong>: custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li4489428173313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b62823271331">d</strong>: directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__li1248912863319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b1879419575313">t</strong>: .tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p4417181118302">-F t</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dump" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i62669161411">Tool </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i20264918145"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i326693148">Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__s57c0883a3628476f9664e81b377891a2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__ac96fd55118a448499b13a953cbe0546c">Example 1: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export full information of the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b29081739121812"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text9882205124219">gaussdb</span></strong> and compress the exported files in SQL format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__s4d215209bbae497792a36ab4582784a0">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i1051716401124">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/postgres_backup.sql -p 8000 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i1349612451454"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text116841211425">gaussdb</span> -Z 8 -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text2723263810">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-21 15:36:13]: dump database <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text1444117119914">gaussdb</span> successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text1323110201289">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-21 15:36:13]: total time: 3793  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__p198769119436">Example 2: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export data of the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b918117102195"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text664065634112">gaussdb</span></strong>, excluding object definitions. The exported files are in a custom format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__screen687671124317">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i13479220035">Password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/postgres_data_backup.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i159161051716"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text39161551474"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text3452215184218">gaussdb</span> -a -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text173841319816">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-21 15:36:13]: dump database <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text96341019191">gaussdb</span> successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text28402814813">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-21 15:36:13]: total time: 3793  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__aeddb69d8290043b0be4b22ef4bc99c82">Example 3: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export object definitions of the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b12444536171916"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text13117021134210">gaussdb</span></strong>. The exported files are in SQL format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__s5c86d09a65bd49bda147db44dfdf2efe">--Before the export, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b42161241795">nation</strong> table contains data.
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text538200164617"></span>select n_nationkey,n_name,n_regionkey from nation limit 3;
+ n_nationkey |          n_name           | n_regionkey 
+-------------+---------------------------+-------------
+           0 | ALGERIA                   |           0
+           3 | CANADA                    |           1
+          11 | IRAQ                      |           4
+(3 rows)
+
+gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i347320429214">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/postgres_def_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i179133115815"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text11913711387"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text19228153111424">gaussdb</span> -s -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text91831321465">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-20 15:04:14]: dump database <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text1743119581287">gaussdb</span> successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text269019441718">gaussdb</span>][2017-07-20 15:04:14]: total time: 472 ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__aa1826fa22f294d81978def324cdf982d">Example 4: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export object definitions of the database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__b187246125201"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text4631125713548">gaussdb</span></strong>. The exported files are in text format and are encrypted.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__screen6788112242">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i37261741507">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/postgres_def_backup.sql -p 8000 <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__i594952693316">-h 10.10.10.100</em> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text773211376422">gaussdb</span> --with-encryption AES128 --with-key 1234567812345678 -s -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text649445120719">gaussdb</span>][2018-11-14 11:25:18]: dump database <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text205001504815">gaussdb</span> successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895053__text14188591171">gaussdb</span>][2018-11-14 11:25:18]: total time: 1161  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0271.html">Exporting a Single Database</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0273.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0273.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting a Schema</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078925"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ad91f9ac05cc44255bf3e49ec7bca76d0">You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a schema from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text1427039232">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can export one or more specified schemas as needed. You can specify the information to be exported as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ul15714195354211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li14800333980">Export full information of a schema, including its data and object definitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li197146539426">Export data of a schema, excluding its object definitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li27141153114215">Export the object definitions of a schema, including the definitions of tables, stored procedures, and indexes.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__s7f46096564a44806add6b57776d9ced5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ol13282237570"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li12449155135015"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li879775734918"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li144081359105012"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li106321216523"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li52026572575"><span>Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b126822059152317">hr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b77405317241">public</strong> schemas.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__screen17872792583"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b4792184082714">gs_dump</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i565165052710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b365115501273"> </strong></em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b3653165012710">-W</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i203391558276"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b143381455142715"> </strong>Password<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b4339655122716"> </strong></em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b20345105572715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b10345185516276">-U</strong></strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i15571132162812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1657118282820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b75715282816"> </strong></strong>jack </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b05790252815">-f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i144196742812"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1641914712816">/home//backup/MPPDB_schema_backup</em> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1422147102811">-p</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1366941111284"> 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i7669101118283"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1349612451454"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource</em> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1567315117283">-n</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i041451512810"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1414101510288">hr</em></em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b169151224112811"> -F</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i191312411282"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i191392412284">d</em> </em></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p77891461586">Username for connecting to the database. If this parameter is not configured, the username of the connected database is used.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p1583152842510">-U jack</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p1898043113581">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i71481735162012">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p11238513175619">-f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i19874174519581"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i158581933132416">_</em>schema_backup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p341117521853">-p 8000</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row427719895012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1848400499855">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b6875758029855">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b9010080539855">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b15185475369855">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b19181490149855">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p8782872280">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p1278211752814">Name of the database to be exported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p12782147122820">human_resource</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row1280163131716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p14801831178">-n</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p2391133813175">Names of schemas to be exported. Data of the specified schemas will also be exported.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ul11933635102416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li16923182517191">Single schema: Enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b91657122274">-n</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i182341435112017">schemaname</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li1936143522412">Multiple schemas: Enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b18494124672720">-n</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i13494194622711">schemaname</em> for each schema.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ul13923102591912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li43221055172415">Single schema: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b6969132518281">-n hr</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li23231055142419">Multiple schemas: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b842964762813">-n hr -n public</strong></li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p141711116303">-F</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p9417511183018">Format of exported files. The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b39119144293">-F</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ul4489102813339"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li19489102814336"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b5637717102912">p</strong>: plain text</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li1048922883311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b84162012916">c</strong>: custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li4489428173313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1559323122912">d</strong>: directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__li1248912863319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1915762682911">t</strong>: .tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p4417181118302">-F d</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dump" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i17313101952119">Tool </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i2321201992112"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i132211912215">Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__s3c7502b18ec940978b4d7170078f4b68"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__aaac4b41686c54b32819257eb468ca987">Example 1: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export full information of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b18678937142910">hr</strong> schema. The exported files are compressed and stored in text format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__sd004e723338c40b5a1d32e71c4eb9b0f">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i18326195712013">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i550913543587"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i131871223259">_</em>schema_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i3909441161018"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text119091641161011"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -n hr -Z 6 -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:05:55]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:05:55]: total time: 2425  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p9576185517326">Example 2: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b8851322173213">hr</strong> schema. The exported files are in .tar format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__screen1357745583213">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i13207105918017">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i49609585584"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1788171792520">_</em>schema_data_backup.tar -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i5311523118"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text6311323118"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -n hr -a -F t
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 15:07:16]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 15:07:16]: total time: 1865  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p1733124143319">Example 3: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1867685223313">hr</strong> schema. The exported files are stored in a directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__screen1233649339">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i138923016114">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1623315105915"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i189761821142518">_</em>schema_def_backup -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i9194929145918"> -h 10.10.10.100 </em>human_resource -n hr -s -F d
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 15:11:34]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 15:11:34]: total time: 1652  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__a25146c8b919f47d7b3804089fbfe6c38">Example 4: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b4128134312359">human_resource</strong> database excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b322175812356">hr</strong> schema. The exported files are in a custom format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__sec1b9ded2a8b442a8a501c43403f116d">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i11607172019">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i35731135593"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i187431266252">_</em>schema_backup.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i9847800121"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text68475081210"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -N hr -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:06:31]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:06:31]: total time: 2522  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__ad6c89ec17e474b67953dad49c814c316">Example 5: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the object definitions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1495695519367">hr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1431259133620">public</strong> schemas, encrypt the exported files, and store them in .tar format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__s179f559e72ca489ab013b7e41fd3ae4e">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i713919410115">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i558361812598"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i4357833142516">_</em>schema_backup1.tar -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i134459147128"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text11445121410126"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -n hr -n public -s --with-encryption AES128 --with-key 1234567812345678 -F t
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:07:16]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:07:16]: total time: 2132  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__a07ce4c587b1745fe849758bdd350ae3a">Example 6: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b169131749184017">human_resource</strong> database excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1491434912401">hr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b18744181716416">public</strong> schemas. The exported files are in a custom format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__s0d68055250c84e739279384b265a7375">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i47265517118">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i21141625195920"></em>/backup/MPPDB<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i1594363818252">_</em>schema_backup2.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i18112436201218"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text91127366124"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -N hr -N public -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:07:55]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:07:55]: total time: 2296  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__p3669810193617">Example 7: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export all tables, including views, sequences, and foreign tables, in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b1983155916415">public</strong> schema, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b167031765420">staffs</strong> table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__b970141813429">hr</strong> schema, including data and table definition. The exported files are in a custom format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__screen78601524133613">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i19327179113">password</em> -U jack -f /home/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i3174183075914"></em>/backup/MPPDB_backup3.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__i42720558126"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814737__text8272105510126"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t public.* -t hr.staffs -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: total time: 896  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0271.html">Exporting a Single Database</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0274.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0274.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting a Table</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078978"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__a4cb49ad563294bfb87725199cf0bf8d6">You can use gs_dump to export data and all object definitions of a table-level object from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text12632144318420">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Views, sequences, and foreign tables are special tables. You can export one or more specified tables as needed. You can specify the information to be exported as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ul15714195354211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li14800333980">Export full information of a table, including its data and definition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li197146539426">Export data of a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li27141153114215">Export the definition of a table.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__s230532c8c0f0451bb8a06122db643e74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ol13282237570"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li12449155135015"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li879775734918"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li144081359105012"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li106321216523"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li52026572575"><span>Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b198501644115913">hr.staffs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b582112482590">hr.employments</strong> tables.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen17872792583"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b89301924184720">gs_dump -W</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1222149811">password</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b49366248477">-U </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1346714543175">jack</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b69362242478">-f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i193818246475">/home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b10943142424717">-p</strong> 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i494542424714"> -h 10.10.10.100 human_resource</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b994712419474">-t</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1794812464715">hr.staffs</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b395282494715">-F</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1295292416470">d</em></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p22535251788">Username for connecting to the database. If this parameter is not configured, the username of the connected database is used.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p1583152842510">-U jack</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p1898043113581">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i162115131313">password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p11238513175619">-f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p341117521853">-p 8000</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row15989153912159"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1061112409941">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b11399378589941">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b3993800219941">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b16871515919941">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b20685632319941">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p8782872280">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p1278211752814">Name of the database to be exported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p12782147122820">human_resource</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row1280163131716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p14801831178">-t</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p13668104114117">Table (or view, sequence, foreign table) to be exported. You can specify multiple tables by listing them or using wildcard characters. When you use wildcard characters, quote wildcard patterns with single quotation marks ('') to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcard characters.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ul11933635102416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li16923182517191">Single table: Enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b11387193218555">-t</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i61955817199">schema.table</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li1936143522412">Multiple tables: Enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b15151195510552">-t</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1915214556555">schema.table</em> for each table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ul13923102591912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li43221055172415">Single table: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b197192365618">-t hr.staffs</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li23231055142419">Multiple tables: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b13376192719569">-t hr.staffs -t hr.employments</strong></li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p141711116303">-F</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p9417511183018">Format of exported files. The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b115903524568">-F</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ul4489102813339"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li19489102814336"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b1927905505610">p</strong>: plain text</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li1048922883311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b11901359165612">c</strong>: custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li4489428173313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b626118913575">d</strong>: directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__li1248912863319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b29393129578">t</strong>: .tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p4417181118302">-F d</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dump" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i836516199221">Tool </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i7372131918225"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i2373151992210">Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__s3def63f577474fee9145f2b24f11abb0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p51181232124312">Example 1: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export full information of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b17164112717579">hr.staffs</strong> table. The exported files are in text format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen2119103274312">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1173417141713">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1366941111284"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs -Z 6 -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:05:10]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:05:10]: total time: 3116  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p18972175564320">Example 2: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b1050415112586">hr.staffs</strong> table. The exported files are in .tar format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen1697275518437">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i22564161011">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_data_backup.tar -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i156361333191712"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text663633391717"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs -a -F t 
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:04:26]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:04:26]: total time: 2570  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__a54ce643bd25f4346b7da4a8a1573727b">Example 3: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b27671009019">hr.staffs</strong> table. The exported files are stored in a directory.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__s45f4a824b8b0413fb4c9627c95f9afd9">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i238218176120">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_def_backup -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i205991047161713"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text1659954710172"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs -s -F d 
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:03:09]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:03:09]: total time: 2297  ms </pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__a7a10e8dec41e4d118ff84c16cd45f0af">Example 4: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b512516578117">human_resource</strong> database excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b171271713217">hr.staffs</strong> table. The exported files are in a custom format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__saee77b4bea944180b2a375deb0677e12">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i893511181517">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup4.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i144221232161813"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text242223220184"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -T hr.staffs -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:14:11]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:14:11]: total time: 2450  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__ad92ec8135c2644c19aba9b6f74371058">Example 5: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b1380319934">hr.staffs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b108652225316">hr.employments</strong> tables. The exported files are in text format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__sb204a22099ce40c5b01587afffd7d1f6">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i113111320712">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup1.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1750719278189"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text16508727171816"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs -t hr.employments -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:19:42]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:19:42]: total time: 2414  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__aaee6e905aca44e7089cc58cfc211f0c4">Example 6: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b14738161418412">human_resource</strong> database excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b155744411533">hr.staffs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b2576194114315">hr.employments</strong> tables. The exported files are in text format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__se1aca78586c44823876500a469926dbd">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1613152214115">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup2.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i143240161810"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text343154019182"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -T hr.staffs -T hr.employments -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:21:02]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:21:02]: total time: 3165  ms</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p1559433317418">Example 7: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export data and definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b2107716355">hr.staffs</strong> table, and the definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b198116522052">hr.employments</strong> table. The exported files are in .tar format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen19485134716411">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i15138525619">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup3.tar -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i18284045111819"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text2284845101816"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs -t hr.employments --exclude-table-data hr.employments -F t
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:32:02]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:32:02]: total time: 1645  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__a241389fd0a2f401bb675563a83a3fc17">Example 8: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export data and definition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b36211285718">hr.staffs</strong> table, encrypt the exported files, and store them in text format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__s95407817c9564ae3b9123c35857806db">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i13991826018">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup4.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i178391952111816"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text284018522188"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t hr.staffs --with-encryption AES128 --with-key 1212121212121212 -F p
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:35:30]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:35:30]: total time: 6708  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p3669810193617">Example 9: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export all tables, including views, sequences, and foreign tables, in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b127882391420">public</strong> schema, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b278913915418">staffs</strong> table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b7790143913418">hr</strong> schema, including data and table definition. The exported files are in a custom format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen78601524133613">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i115181528719">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_table_backup5.dmp -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i1516211313192"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text121621931191"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t public.* -t hr.staffs -F c
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: total time: 896  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__p1271172352612">Example 10: Use gs_dump to run the following command to export the definition of the view referencing to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b12876191681217">test1</strong> table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__b166671521171219">t1</strong> schema. The exported files are in a custom format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__screen2381987119539">gs_dump -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i08959293112">password</em> -U jack -f /home//backup/MPPDB_view_backup6 -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__i44082881918"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814887__text5409184191"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -t t1.test1 --include-depend-objs --exclude-self -F d
+gs_dump[port=''][jack][2018-11-14 17:21:18]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port=''][jack][2018-11-14 17:21:23]: total time: 4239  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0271.html">Exporting a Single Database</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0275.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0275.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894991"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894991"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting All Databases</h1>
+<div id="body1548320069998"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894991__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0276.html">Exporting All Databases</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0277.html">Exporting Global Objects</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0276.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0276.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting All Databases</h1>
+<div id="body1542877222806"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__a1e4f81ea1e944c77bb32f45197f9070e">You can use gs_dumpall to export full information of all databases in a cluster from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__text241998867">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, including information about each database and global objects in the cluster. You can specify the information to be exported as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ul15714195354211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li14800333980">Export full information of all databases, including information about each database and global objects (such as roles and tablespaces) in the cluster.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p9932705311"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li14800333980"></a><a name="li14800333980"></a>You can use the exported information to create a same cluster containing the same databases, global objects, and data as the current one.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li197146539426">Export data of all databases, excluding all object definitions and global objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li27141153114215">Export all object definitions of all databases, including the definitions of tablespaces, databases, functions, schemas, tables, indexes, and stored procedures.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p539122043110"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li27141153114215"></a><a name="li27141153114215"></a>You can use the exported object definitions to quickly create a same cluster as the current one, containing the same databases and tablespaces but without data.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__s92dde18bfe374ae28e35a3c03e5b76db"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ol16997726145918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li12449155135015"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li879775734918"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li144081359105012"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li106321216523"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li10855234125911"><span>Use gs_dumpall to run the following command to export information of all databases.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__screen16976154145912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b03562339503">gs_dumpall <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b113561433175010">-W </strong></strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i0582143212120">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b335713316506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b735783317501"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b143571033185010">-U </strong></strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph11987163424617">dbadmin</span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b9521626175017"> -f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i119828411592">/home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph1066094513488">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_backup.sql</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b798324185912">-p</strong> 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i1366941111284"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p8232111218592">Username for database connection. The user must be a cluster administrator.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p1583152842510">-U <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph12587382459">dbadmin</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p44042341359">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i103211152182019">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p11238513175619">-f /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph1134414418517">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_backup.sql</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p341117521853">-p 8000</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__row1440902719297"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i142928147991425">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b208199054691425">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b31983938991425">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b8878845191425">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b149212996791425">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dumpall" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i15591713152315">Tool </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i859871342315"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i8599101332318">Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__s57c0883a3628476f9664e81b377891a2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ac96fd55118a448499b13a953cbe0546c">Example 1: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b3176937199">gs_dumpall</strong> to run the following command as the cluster administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b115367342914"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b1553613347913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph13649957124617">dbadmin</span></strong> to export information of all databases in a cluster. The exported files are in text format. After the command is executed, a large amount of output information will be displayed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__en-us_topic_0096392335_b84235270617211">total time</strong> will be displayed at the end of the information, indicating that the export is successful. In this example, only related output information is included.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__s6587f5caabd640b5b186c236ff4d7ca1">gs_dumpall <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b65235561185827">-W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i18106133718116">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b49589095185827"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b43648679185827">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph3814125115467">dbadmin</span> -f /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph14575121204813">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i101501192416"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__text115212241"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> 
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2017-07-21 15:57:31]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2017-07-21 15:57:31]: total time: 9627  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p17323020115215">Example 2: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b853413165103">gs_dumpall</strong> to run the following command as the cluster administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b165921314101012"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b059201401010"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph48115354716">dbadmin</span></strong> to export definitions of all databases in a cluster. The exported files are in text format. After the command is executed, a large amount of output information will be displayed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b6762738182918">total time</strong> will be displayed at the end of the information, indicating that the export is successful. In this example, only related output information is included.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__screen1811512399548">gs_dumpall <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b136478459599">-W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i16840193815117">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b17649144514592"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b565014515914">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph16921014718">dbadmin</span> -f /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph1459313924820">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i1823697202410"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__text823620712249"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -s 
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 11:28:14]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 11:28:14]: total time: 4147  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__p229712721416">Example 3: Use gs_dumpall to run the following command export data of all databases in a cluster, encrypt the exported files, and store them in text format. After the command is executed, a large amount of output information will be displayed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b683223842917">total time</strong> will be displayed at the end of the information, indicating that the export is successful. In this example, only related output information is included.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__screen1629852791413">gs_dumpall<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b545110544132"> -W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i1570394019116">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__b34517546132"> -U </strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph194526545135">dbadmin</span> -f /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__ph1191995213473">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_backup.sql -p 8000<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__i1695919149248"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814506__text18959714162412"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -a --with-encryption AES128 --with-key 1234567812345678
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 11:32:26]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 11:23:26]: total time: 4147  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0275.html">Exporting All Databases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting Global Objects</h1>
+<div id="body1542877222995"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p185071116123113">You can use gs_dumpall to export global objects from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text496215464">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, including database users, user groups, tablespaces, and attributes (for example, global access permissions).</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__section5854958132810"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ol7971153053414"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li73157575356"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li879775734918"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li144081359105012"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li106321216523"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li840344313347"><span>Use gs_dumpall to run the following command to export tablespace objects.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__screen1105155753510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b492118587338">gs_dumpall -W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i1877154320118">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b186361538513"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b66361381314">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph12587382459">dbadmin</span> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b192285863313">-f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i192225853317">/home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph69771548247">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_tablespace.sql</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b4501141931">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text1475718441728">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i1366941111284"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b17923758183314">t</strong></pre>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p583122816257">Example Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p8232111218592">Username for database connection. The user must be a cluster administrator.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p1583152842510">-U <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph4584425814">dbadmin</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p1898043113581">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i5929173193516">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p11238513175619">-f /home//backup/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i022863611191">MPPDB_tablespace</em>.sql</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p19509112814212">-p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text10242121922217">8000</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row428113127336"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i50876491591341">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b32096522991341">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b206256811191341">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b209242943891341">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b207120016191341">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__row1339718574716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p18625164815715">-t</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p1962511481717">Dumps only tablespaces. You can also use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b4384143431116">--tablespaces-only</strong> alternatively.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p1662514481776">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dumpall" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i115304102514">Tool </em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i360144162511"></em><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i1161144252">Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__section191141882614"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p62472541082">Example 1: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b29365620118">gs_dumpall</strong> to run the following command as the cluster administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b87191181113"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b37519119"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph649855720571">dbadmin</span></strong> to export information of global tablespaces and users in a cluster. The exported files are in text format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__screen1124812546814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b172509543812">gs_dumpall -W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i0253547217">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b1625116541781"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b6252654582">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph24018331671">dbadmin</span> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b172523541082">-f</strong> /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph192751847001">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_globals.sql <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b52551546819">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text186541848239">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i95555072420"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text65645018249"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b1425710541481">-g</strong>
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:06:24]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:06:24]: total time: 1150  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p1051955618589">Example 2: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b8286202301110">gs_dumpall</strong> to run the following command as the cluster administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b181821621171112"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b101821021191118"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph188389185312">dbadmin</span></strong> to export global tablespaces in a cluster, encrypt the exported files, and store them in text format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__screen1751851219549"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b65235561185827">gs_dumpall -W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i9533638327">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b49589095185827"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b43648679185827">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph133617390710">dbadmin</span> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b57293798185827">-f</strong> /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph1597416561902">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_tablespace.sql <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b49478839185827">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text3728120549">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i13147151112516"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text1714714111252"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b24510944185827">t</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b159853181644">--with-encryption</strong> AES128 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b7821243412">--with-key</strong> 1212121212121212
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:00:58]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:00:58]: total time: 186  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__p519942431963">Example 3: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b121351645191111">gs_dumpall</strong> to run the following command as the cluster administrator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b0693164120111"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b469334118111"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph32831914155314">dbadmin</span></strong> to export information of global users in a cluster. The exported files are in text format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__screen3197758419555"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b5890082418591">gs_dumpall -W </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i1132516491515">password</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b5613706818591"> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b623745218591">-U </strong></strong><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph12456645777">dbadmin</span> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b5080865518591">-f</strong> /home/<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__ph144121433114">dbadmin</span>/backup/MPPDB_user.sql <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b6282525218591">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text72352201748">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__i118290714258"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__text13829077256"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> -<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494801__b2265853118591">r</strong>
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:03:18]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port=''][2018-11-14 19:03:18]: total time: 162  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0275.html">Exporting All Databases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions</h1>
+<div id="body1539573078988"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__acd001ac06a1c46c0b93de4bccbf083a2">gs_dump and gs_dumpall use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b132471439121820">-U</strong> to specify the user that performs the export. If the specified user does not have the required permission, data cannot be exported. In this case, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b85771741352">--role</strong> in the export command to the role that has the permission. Then, gs_dump or gs_dumpall uses the specified role to export data.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__sf65779fa4bc44c49a7f7382348571537"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__ol351612816711"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li1598384682716"><span>Prepare an ECS as the gsql client host. For details, see "Preparing an ECS as the gsql Client Host" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i151581473318">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li879775734918"><span>Download the gsql client and use an SSH transfer tool (such as WinSCP) to upload it to the Linux server where gsql is to be installed. For details, see "Downloading the Client" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i2086742622120">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_adf760149a35140c48cf09071207cd279">The user who uploads the client must have the full control permission on the target directory on the host to which the client is uploaded.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li144081359105012"><span>Run the following commands to decompress the client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen173918175523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b2025583889759">cd &lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i18005909159759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_b9103889179759">&gt;</strong>
+unzip <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i10517201512535">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_p14308192714355">Where,</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_ul18555114323517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li155410439357">&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i20191440039759">Path_for_storing_the_client</em>&gt;: Replace it with the actual path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_li9555114313356"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_i15053567519759">dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x86.zip</em>: This is the client tool package of <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_parmvalue1355249759759"><b>RedHat x86</b></span>. Replace it with the actual one.</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li106321216523"><span>Run the following command to configure the GaussDB(DWS) client:</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_screen39549318531">source gsql_env.sh</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_acba60d877148432faf5ecdf94dd7b73e">If the following information is displayed, the GaussDB(DWS) client is successfully configured:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__en-us_topic_0000001145895053_s8fd77cb5c040479baaab9ae3f2ea8fa5">All things done.</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li209651354201918"><span>Use gs_dump to export data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b174161165190">human_resource</strong> database.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p996325414197">User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b58071034141910">jack</strong> does not have the permission for exporting data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b17909152912017">human_resource</strong> database and the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b188081634181910">role1</strong> has this permission. To export data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b25611616182114">human_resource</strong> database, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b12810193420191">--role</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b7812634101918">role1</strong> in the export command. The exported files are in .tar format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__screen17872792583"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b430611314815">gs_dump -U</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i11654195662010">jack</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b83065312810">-W</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i8634118155612">password</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b143081031816">-f</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i173081733820">/home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b33081131588">-p</strong> <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text1784115011207">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1366941111284"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text4496174519514"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i10308133580">human_resource</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b03091835811">--role</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i530923584">role1</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b7309337813">--rolepassword</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i15511142018225">password </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b8309131886"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i2031003487">-F</em></strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i183101537811"> t</em></pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__table1781122816253" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Common parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row10837281257"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p48382816258">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p18332812257">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p583122816257">Example Value (<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text1812844342020">dbadmin</span>)</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p3830287252">-U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p8232111218592">Username for database connection.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p1583152842510">-U jack</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p89920588539">-W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p69431335210">User password for database connection.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__ul194074341627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li640710341028">This parameter is not required for database administrators if the trust policy is used for authentication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li0407734425">If you connect to the database without specifying this parameter and you are not a database administrator, you will be prompted to enter the password.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p735171411618">-W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1530458173620">Password</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p11238171316560">-f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p323861311565">Folder to store exported files. If this parameter is not specified, the exported files are stored in the standard output.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p11238513175619">-f /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.tar</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p84119521250">-p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p14838631464">Name extension of the TCP port on which the server is listening or the local Unix domain socket. This parameter is configured to ensure connections.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p341117521853">-p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text10242121922217">8000</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row19545132318261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p338520273452">-h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p12385172734513"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i126470572891045">Cluster address</em>: If a public network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b195066318291045">Public Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b161699062691045">Public Network Domain Name</strong>. If a private network address is used for connection, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b188912445291045">Private Network Address</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b87623509591045">Private Network Domain Name</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p133852271452">-h 10.10.10.100</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p8782872280">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p1278211752814">Name of the database to be exported.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p12782147122820">human_resource</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1280163131716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p14801831178">--role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p8618101717583">Role name for the export operation. After this parameter is set and gs_dump or gs_dumpall connects to the database, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b17840134562617">SET ROLE</strong> command will be issued. When the user specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1669095572714">-U</strong> does not have the permissions required by gs_dump or gs_dumpall, this parameter allows the user to switch to a role with the required permissions.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p66581345155917">-r role1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1899681910160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p18625164815715">--rolepassword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p1962511481717">Role password.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p1662514481776">--rolepassword  password</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p141711116303">-F</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p9417511183018">Format of exported files. The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b249973517304">-F</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__ul4489102813339"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li19489102814336"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b4293193923014">p</strong>: plain text</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li1048922883311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b3304124215303">c</strong>: custom</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li4489428173313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b161841545123015">d</strong>: directory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__li1248912863319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b11762104743013">t</strong>: .tar</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p4417181118302">-F t</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p158951329152915">For details about other parameters, see "gs_dump" or "gs_dumpall" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i93631835174416">Tool Guide</em>.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__s684215f21ae149bf99602d5cc15f6bb5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__a51f87a8dc3434c14a9a56ee06ea9129c">Example 1: User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b618117158417">jack</strong> does not have the permission for exporting data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b18181161511417">human_resource</strong> database and the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b818191514418">role1</strong> has this permission. To export data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1718141534117">human_resource</strong> database, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b16182171584112">--role</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b20182715194117">role1</strong> in the export command. The exported files are in .tar format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__s44c5dcee41c2458fa644521024d5c0ec">human_resource=# CREATE USER jack IDENTIFIED BY "<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i473817536119">password</em>";
+
+gs_dump -U jack -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1376518541811">password</em> -f /home//backup/MPPDB_backup11.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text1520522422214">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i15532348162514"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text6532134802518"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource --role role1 --rolepassword <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i97717559118">password</em> -F t
+gs_dump[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text1036472713221">8000</span>'][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:21:10]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text12920162922216">8000</span>'][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:21:10]: total time: 4239  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p183101487566">Example 2: User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b62945534379">jack</strong> does not have the permission for exporting the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1629515313373">public</strong> schema and the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1429814533377">role1</strong> has this permission. To export the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b117261649113916">public</strong> schema, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b930085393719">--role</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b4301155383714">role1</strong> in the export command. The exported files are in .tar format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__screen131258155614">human_resource=# CREATE USER jack IDENTIFIED BY "1234@abc";
+
+gs_dump -U jack -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i590815567110">password</em> -f /home//backup/MPPDB_backup12.tar -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text364515348224">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1158715411252"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text135877542256"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> human_resource -n public --role role1 --rolepassword <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i0948957417">password</em> -F t
+gs_dump[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text373243712218">8000</span>'][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:21:10]: dump database human_resource successfully
+gs_dump[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text111571240182213">8000</span>'][human_resource][2017-07-21 16:21:10]: total time: 3278  ms</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__p132823911818">Example 3: User <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1761517516405">jack</strong> does not have the permission for exporting all databases in a cluster and the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b1362420514019">role1</strong> has this permission. To export all databases, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b36286512403">--role</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__b36301534014">role1</strong> in the export command. The exported files are in text format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__screen2032883917811">human_resource=# CREATE USER jack IDENTIFIED BY "<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1420194522">password</em>";
+
+gs_dumpall -U jack -W <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i347645429">password</em> -f /home//backup/MPPDB_backup.sql -p <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text759714482213">8000</span><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i4644417268"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text3645161182613"> -h 10.10.10.100</span></em> --role role1 --rolepassword <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__i1151141015214">password</em>
+gs_dumpall[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text315194815228">8000</span>'][human_resource][2018-11-14 17:26:18]: dumpall operation successful
+gs_dumpall[port='<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894743__text1675955015221">8000</span>'][human_resource][2018-11-14 17:26:18]: total time: 6437  ms</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0279.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0279.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3cc247f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0279.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GDS Pipe FAQs</h1>
+<div id="body1600851837006"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__section13470788507"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__ul185711541507"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li96811013164816">GDS supports concurrent import and export. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b453734344416">gds -t</strong> parameter is used to set the size of the thread pool and control the maximum number of concurrent working threads. But it does not accelerate a single SQL task. The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b17955544184417">gds -t</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b17955194419448">8</strong>, and the upper limit is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b149551444144411">200</strong>. When using the pipe function to import and export data, ensure that the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b1132574618445">-t</strong> is greater than or equal to the number of concurrent services. In the dual-cluster interconnection scenario, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b15434847164412">-t</strong> must be greater than or equal to twice the number of concurrent services.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li108571454105015">Data in pipes is deleted once read. Therefore, ensure that no other program except GDS reads data in the pipe during import or export. Otherwise, data may be lost, task errors may occur, or the exported files may be disordered.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li385716546503">Concurrent import and export of foreign tables with the same location are not supported. That is, multiple threads of GDS cannot read or write pipe files at the same time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li5857354125019">A single import or export task of GDS identifies only one pipe. Therefore, do not carry wildcard characters ({}[]?) in the location address set for the GDS foreign table. Example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__screen24031546125113"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__text430619222316"></span>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_test_pipe_tr( like test_pipe ) SERVER gsmpp_server OPTIONS (LOCATION 'gsfs://192.168.0.0.1:7789/foreign_test_*', FORMAT 'text', DELIMITER ',',  NULL '', EOL '0x0a' ,file_type 'pipe',auto_create_pipe 'false');</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__ul351103115212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li18511632526">When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b653011042119">-r</strong> recursion parameter is enabled for GDS, only one pipe can be identified. That is, GDS identifies only one pipe in the current data directory and does not recursively search for it. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b7536141012120">-r</strong> parameter does not take effect in the pipe import and export scenarios.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li1151116325210">CN retry is not supported during the import and export through a pipe, because GDS cannot control the operations performed by peer users and programs on pipes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li1751183165218">During the import, if the peer program does not write data into the pipe for more than one hour, the import task times out and an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li1151115316523">During the export, if the peer program does not read data from the pipe for more than one hour by default, the export task times out and an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li12512832526">Ensure that the GDS version and kernel version support the function of importing and exporting data through pipes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li207182812225">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b12701919143111">auto_create_pipe parameter</strong> of the foreign table is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b1642132920215">true</strong>, a delay may occur when GDS automatically creates a pipe. Before any operation on a pipe, check whether the automatically created pipe exists and whether it is a pipe file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li11541213182517">Once an import or export task through a GDS pipe is complete, the pipe is automatically deleted. However, the pipe deletion is delayed, if you manually terminate an import or export task. In this situation, the pipe is deleted after the timeout interval expires.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__section9713631531"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Common Troubleshooting Methods:</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__ul1075213291434"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li9752729134">Issue 1: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b199017564233">"/***/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tr.pipe" must be named pipe.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p1797223119315">Locating method: The type of the GDS foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b2856160192417">file_type</strong> is pipe, but the operated file is a common file. Check whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b104679442413">postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tr.pipe</strong> file is a pipe file.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li664810391239">Issue 2: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b51951564246">could not open pipe "/***/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe" cause by Permission denied</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p15220929393">Locating method: GDS does not have the permission to open the pipe file.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li283418517311">Issue 3: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b1823189202416">could not open source file /*****/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe because timeout 300s for WRITING</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p16486123811116">Locating method: Opening the pipe times out when GDS is used to export data. This is because the pipe is not created within 300 seconds after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b4149910162419">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b131491110112413">false</strong>, or the pipe is created but is not read by any program within 300 seconds.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li1865212514416">Issue 4: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b610351114242">could not open source file /*****/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe because timeout 300s for READING</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p569941111818">Locating method: Opening the pipe times out when GDS is used to export data. This is because the pipe is not created within 300 seconds after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b1715411252415">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b171551212112418">false</strong>, or the pipe is created but is not written by any program within 300 seconds.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__ul1029216111416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li192921811246">Issue 5: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b573871314248">could not poll writing source pipe file "/****/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe" timeout 300s.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p15823122013315">Locating method: If the GDS does not receive any write event on the pipe within 300 seconds during data export, the pipe is not read for more than 300 seconds.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__ul1172814181747"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li1772812181641">Issue 6: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b033911163241">could not poll reading source pipe file "/****/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe" timeout 300s.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p78811552399">Locating method: If the GDS does not receive any read event on the pipe within 300 seconds during data import, the pipe is not written for more than 300 seconds.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__li123022953810">Issue 7: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b11782172612246">could not open pipe file "/***/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe" for "WRITING" with error No such device or address</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__p14823110111919">Locating method: It indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814453__b19756102762411">/***/postgres_public_foreign_test_pipe_tw.pipe</strong> file is not read by any program. As a result, GDS cannot open the pipe file by writing.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0988.html">Other Operations</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0301.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0301.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d1e8ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0301.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495007"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495007"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PostGIS Extension</h1>
+<div id="body1530496950094"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0302.html">PostGIS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0304.html">Using PostGIS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0305.html">PostGIS Support and Constraints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0306.html">OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0302.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0302.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7abcac44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0302.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PostGIS</h1>
+<div id="body1536564714951"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__note63451923115110"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__ul15345112310512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li3345152310517">The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical support to submit an application.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li9345202365111">If the error message "ERROR: EXTENSION is not yet supported." is displayed, the PostGIS software package is not installed. Contact technical support.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__p6959153593414"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__text241167073">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides PostGIS Extension (PostGIS-2.4.2). PostGIS Extension is a spatial database extender for PostgreSQL. It provides the following spatial information services: spatial objects, spatial indexes, spatial functions, and spatial operators. PostGIS Extension complies with the OpenGIS specifications.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__p34736820344">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__text950743406">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, PostGIS Extension depends on the listed third-party open-source software. </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__ul7938114582917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li16938145182918">Geos 3.6.2</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__ul1712213507293"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li1112255012912">Proj 4.9.2</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__ul750119552292"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li17501855112915">Json 0.12.1</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__ul6203159122916"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li320335916294">Libxml2 2.7.1</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974846__li19965134119717">Gdal 1.11.0</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0301.html">PostGIS Extension</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0304.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0304.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35ba6520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0304.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using PostGIS</h1>
+<div id="body1531707297510"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__note118317395300"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__ul105941728153811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__li10595928173820">The third-party software that the PostGIS Extension depends on needs to be installed separately. If you need to use PostGIS, submit a service ticket or contact technical support to submit an application.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__li11595172893817">If the error message "ERROR: EXTENSION is not yet supported." is displayed, the PostGIS software package is not installed. Contact technical support.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__section21088306113"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating PostGIS Extension</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p2324966415">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__b1810153125917">CREATE EXTENSION</strong> command to create PostGIS Extension.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen20194316163619"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTENSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgis</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__section107391050141118"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Using PostGIS Extension</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p994385545815">Use the following function to invoke a PostGIS Extension:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen1596438609"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GisFunction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Param1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Param2</span><span class="p">,......);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p19422153613426"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__b128481761425">GisFunction</strong> is the function, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__b3536111012217">Param1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__b4894512124">Param2</strong> are function parameters. The following SQL statements are a simple illustration for PostGIS use. For details about related functions, see <a href="https://download.osgeo.org/postgis/docs/postgis-2.4.2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__i09751931124210">PostGIS 2.4.2 Manual</em></a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p10350206443">Example 1: Create a geometry table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen193501406443"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AddGeometryColumn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'cities'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'position'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4326</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'POINT'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p11875311104414">Example 2: Insert geometry data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen192186104419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ST_GeomFromText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'POINT(-9.5 23)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4326</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'CityA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ST_GeomFromText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'POINT(-10.6 40.3)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4326</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'CityB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ST_GeomFromText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'POINT(20.8 30.3)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4326</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CityC'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p592263812446">Example 3: Calculate the distance between any two cities among three cities.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen83614314448"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">city_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ST_Distance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__section1587441381220"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting PostGIS Extension</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p7652182511451">Run the following command to delete PostGIS Extension from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__text492744639">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__screen17652152518452"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTENSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgis</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__note18993348153911"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__p14994134811397">If PostGIS Extension is the dependee of other objects (for example, geometry tables), you need to add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974678__b676118361552">CASCADE</strong> keyword to delete all these objects.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0301.html">PostGIS Extension</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PostGIS Support and Constraints</h1>
+<div id="body1531707297510"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__section59521232327"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Supported Data Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p38539218315">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__text224625133">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, PostGIS Extension support the following data types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__ul1742517109523"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li154256100522">box2d</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li5311420115211">box3d</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li1151416510220">geometry_dump</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li163701925205210">geometry</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li523173019522">geography</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li18920943202516">raster</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__note1490882615165"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p15469158142211">If PostGIS is used by a user other than the creator of the PostGIS, set the following GUC parameters:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__screen82182565257">SET behavior_compat_options = 'bind_procedure_searchpath';</pre>
+</div>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__section1198813519310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Supported Operators and Functions</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__table18970162111535" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__b156451757133511">Operators and functions supported by PostGIS</strong></caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row99711021145319"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p149718214536">Category</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1897112175318">Function</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row14971152165319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p203181644115312">Management functions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p497162116533">AddGeometryColumn, DropGeometryColumn, DropGeometryTable, PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_Liblwgeom_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Build_Date, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version, PostGIS_Scripts_Build_Date, PostGIS_Scripts_Installed, PostGIS_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_Scripts_Released, Populate_Geometry_Columns, UpdateGeometrySRID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row1797192135316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1055125895312">Geometry constructors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p7971321155318">ST_BdPolyFromText, ST_BdMPolyFromText, ST_Box2dFromGeoHash, ST_GeogFromText, ST_GeographyFromText, ST_GeogFromWKB, ST_GeomCollFromText, ST_GeomFromEWKB, ST_GeomFromEWKT, ST_GeometryFromText, ST_GeomFromGeoHash, ST_GeomFromGML, ST_GeomFromGeoJSON, ST_GeomFromKML, ST_GMLToSQL, ST_GeomFromText, ST_GeomFromWKB, ST_LineFromMultiPoint, ST_LineFromText, ST_LineFromWKB, ST_LinestringFromWKB, ST_MakeBox2D, ST_3DMakeBox, ST_MakeEnvelope, ST_MakePolygon, ST_MakePoint, ST_MakePointM, ST_MLineFromText, ST_MPointFromText, ST_MPolyFromText, ST_Point, ST_PointFromGeoHash, ST_PointFromText, ST_PointFromWKB, ST_Polygon, ST_PolygonFromText, ST_WKBToSQL, ST_WKTToSQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row297113213531"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p749821415413">Geometry accessors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p697142115532">GeometryType, ST_Boundary, ST_CoordDim, ST_Dimension, ST_EndPoint, ST_Envelope, ST_ExteriorRing, ST_GeometryN, ST_GeometryType, ST_InteriorRingN, ST_IsClosed, ST_IsCollection, ST_IsEmpty, ST_IsRing, ST_IsSimple, ST_IsValid, ST_IsValidReason, ST_IsValidDetail, ST_M, ST_NDims, ST_NPoints, ST_NRings, ST_NumGeometries, ST_NumInteriorRings, ST_NumInteriorRing, ST_NumPatches, ST_NumPoints, ST_PatchN, ST_PointN, ST_SRID, ST_StartPoint, ST_Summary, ST_X, ST_XMax, ST_XMin, ST_Y, ST_YMax, ST_YMin, ST_Z, ST_ZMax, ST_Zmflag, ST_ZMin</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row1997102165319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p796118260543">Geometry editors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1097115214532">ST_AddPoint, ST_Affine, ST_Force2D, ST_Force3D, ST_Force3DZ, ST_Force3DM, ST_Force4D, ST_ForceCollection, ST_ForceSFS, ST_ForceRHR, ST_LineMerge, ST_CollectionExtract, ST_CollectionHomogenize, ST_Multi, ST_RemovePoint, ST_Reverse, ST_Rotate, ST_RotateX, ST_RotateY, ST_RotateZ, ST_Scale, ST_Segmentize, ST_SetPoint, ST_SetSRID, ST_SnapToGrid, ST_Snap, ST_Transform, ST_Translate, ST_TransScale</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row1297132115534"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p3121194017543">Geometry outputs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p197132120536">ST_AsBinary, ST_AsEWKB, ST_AsEWKT, ST_AsGeoJSON, ST_AsGML, ST_AsHEXEWKB, ST_AsKML, ST_AsLatLonText, ST_AsSVG, ST_AsText, ST_AsX3D, ST_GeoHash</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row19971182117536"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p41350135414">Operators</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1297142155317">&amp;&amp;, &amp;&amp;&amp;, &amp;&lt;, &amp;&lt;|, &amp;&gt;, &lt;&lt;, &lt;&lt;|, =, &gt;&gt;, @, |&amp;&gt;, |&gt;&gt;, ~, ~=, &lt;-&gt;, &lt;#&gt;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row12971182115314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p149711221175319">Spatial relationships and measurements</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p6971421155314">ST_3DClosestPoint, ST_3DDistance, ST_3DDWithin, ST_3DDFullyWithin, ST_3DIntersects, ST_3DLongestLine, ST_3DMaxDistance, ST_3DShortestLine, ST_Area, ST_Azimuth, ST_Centroid, ST_ClosestPoint, ST_Contains, ST_ContainsProperly, ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy, ST_Crosses, ST_LineCrossingDirection, ST_Disjoint, ST_Distance, ST_HausdorffDistance, ST_MaxDistance, ST_DistanceSphere, ST_DistanceSpheroid, ST_DFullyWithin, ST_DWithin, ST_Equals, ST_HasArc, ST_Intersects, ST_Length, ST_Length2D, ST_3DLength, ST_Length_Spheroid, ST_Length2D_Spheroid, ST_3DLength_Spheroid, ST_LongestLine, ST_OrderingEquals, ST_Overlaps, ST_Perimeter, ST_Perimeter2D, ST_3DPerimeter, ST_PointOnSurface, ST_Project, ST_Relate, ST_RelateMatch, ST_ShortestLine, ST_Touches, ST_Within</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row2971112115316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p620562615557">Geometry processing</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p15971421115310">ST_Buffer, ST_BuildArea, ST_Collect, ST_ConcaveHull, ST_ConvexHull, ST_CurveToLine, ST_DelaunayTriangles, ST_Difference, ST_Dump, ST_DumpPoints, ST_DumpRings, ST_FlipCoordinates, ST_Intersection, ST_LineToCurve, ST_MakeValid, ST_MemUnion, ST_MinimumBoundingCircle, ST_Polygonize, ST_Node, ST_OffsetCurve, ST_RemoveRepeatedPoints, ST_SharedPaths, ST_Shift_Longitude, ST_Simplify, ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology, ST_Split, ST_SymDifference, ST_Union, ST_UnaryUnion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row697122195317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1511184455511">Linear referencing</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p9971921165313">ST_LineInterpolatePoint, ST_LineLocatePoint, ST_LineSubstring, ST_LocateAlong, ST_LocateBetween, ST_LocateBetweenElevations, ST_InterpolatePoint, ST_AddMeasure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row2971172165312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1397118218530">Miscellaneous functions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1697182135318">ST_Accum, Box2D, Box3D, ST_Expand, ST_Extent, ST_3Dextent, Find_SRID, ST_MemSize</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row6971721205312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p797162111538">Exceptional functions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p5971102115535">PostGIS_AddBBox, PostGIS_DropBBox, PostGIS_HasBBox</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row109631416182815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p19641016192819">Raster Management Functions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p19964161682818">AddRasterConstraints, DropRasterConstraints, AddOverviewConstraints, DropOverviewConstraints, PostGIS_GDAL_Version, PostGIS_Raster_Lib_Build_Date, PostGIS_Raster_Lib_Version, and ST_GDALDrivers, and UpdateRasterSRID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row1721062613413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p12210192693420">Raster Constructors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p102101126123416">ST_AddBand, ST_AsRaster, ST_Band, ST_MakeEmptyRaster, ST_Tile, and ST_FromGDALRaster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row1810571383617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1210515139360">Raster Accessors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p21051713173612">ST_GeoReference, ST_Height, ST_IsEmpty, ST_MetaData, ST_NumBands, ST_PixelHeight, ST_PixelWidth, ST_ScaleX, ST_ScaleY, ST_RasterToWorldCoord, ST_RasterToWorldCoordX, ST_RasterToWorldCoordY, ST_Rotation, ST_SkewX, ST_SkewY, ST_SRID, ST_Summary, ST_UpperLeftX, ST_UpperLeftY, ST_Width, ST_WorldToRasterCoord, ST_WorldToRasterCoordX, ST_WorldToRasterCoordY</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row204871147114014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1248884720409">Raster Band Accessors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p848816471408">ST_BandMetaData, ST_BandNoDataValue, ST_BandIsNoData, ST_BandPath, ST_BandPixelType, and ST_HasNoBand</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row153852085427"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p7386789424">Raster Pixel Accessors and Setters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p15386178134218">ST_PixelAsPolygon, ST_PixelAsPolygons, ST_PixelAsPoint, ST_PixelAsPoints, ST_PixelAsCentroid, ST_PixelAsCentroids, ST_Value, ST_NearestValue, ST_Neighborhood, ST_SetValue, ST_SetValues, ST_DumpValues, and ST_PixelOfValue</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row18775152444"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p17775559441">Raster Editors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p677520513445">ST_SetGeoReference, ST_SetRotation, ST_SetScale, ST_SetSkew, ST_SetSRID, ST_SetUpperLeft, ST_Resample, ST_Rescale, ST_Reskew, and ST_SnapToGrid, ST_Resize, and ST_Transform</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row58743257463"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p187412594614">Raster Band Editors</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1187510255462">ST_SetBandNoDataValue and ST_SetBandIsNoData</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row16494144744618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p3494447164616">Raster Band Statistics and Analytics</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p4494184764612">ST_Count, ST_CountAgg, ST_Histogram, ST_Quantile, ST_SummaryStats, ST_SummaryStatsAgg, and ST_ValueCount</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row16657191516488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1657715114817">Raster Outputs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p265771564811">ST_AsBinary, ST_AsGDALRaster, ST_AsJPEG, ST_AsPNG, and ST_AsTIFF</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row188331196497"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p198333914490">Raster Processing</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p198344924920">ST_Clip, ST_ColorMap, ST_Intersection, ST_MapAlgebra, ST_Reclass, and ST_Union ST_Distinct4ma, ST_InvDistWeight4ma, ST_Max4ma, ST_Mean4ma, ST_Min4ma, ST_MinDist4ma, ST_Range4ma, ST_StdDev4ma, and ST _Sum4ma, ST_Aspect, ST_HillShade, ST_Roughness, ST_Slope, ST_TPI, ST_TRI, Box3D, ST_ConvexHull, ST_DumpAsPolygons, and ST_ Envelope, ST_MinConvexHull, ST_Polygon, ST_Contains, ST_ContainsProperly, ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy, ST_Disjoint, ST_Intersects, and ST_Overlaps, ST_Touches, ST_SameAlignment, ST_NotSameAlignmentReason, ST_Within, ST_DWithin, and ST_DFullyWithin</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__row255131410207"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p1571514142010">Raster Operators</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p14571714192010">&amp;&amp;, &amp;&lt;, &amp;&gt;, =, @, ~=, and ~</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__section2993751311"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Spatial Indexes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p10578174055816">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__text2093557678">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, PostGIS Extension supports Generalized Search Tree (GIST) spatial indexes. This index type is inapplicable to partitioned tables. Different from B-tree indexes, GIS indexes are adaptable to all kinds of irregular data structures, which can effectively improve the retrieval efficiency for geometry and geographic data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__p48972044178">Run the following command to create a GiST index:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__screen17652152518452"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">indexname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GIST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">geometryfield</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__section13902113312416"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Extension Constraints</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__ul17771948131018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li16771548131016">Only row-store tables are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li541594174118">Only Oracle-compatible databases are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li07317558101">The topology object management module, Topology, is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li14818417110">BRIN indexes are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__li1117511305615">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694689__b2933181714339">spatial_ref_sys</strong> table can only be queried during scale-out.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0301.html">PostGIS Extension</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1351 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE (For PostGIS)</h1>
+<div id="body0000001101612732"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189302185368">This document contains open source software notice for the product. And this document is confidential information of copyright holder. Recipient shall protect it in due care and shall not disseminate it without permission.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693041815361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193015185362">Warranty Disclaimer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69302018133616">This document is provided "as is" without any warranty whatsoever, including the accuracy or comprehensiveness. Copyright holder of this document may change the contents of this document at any time without prior notice, and copyright holder disclaims any liability in relation to recipient's use of this document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179301318153616">Open source software is provided by the author "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the author be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of data or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of open source software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393081833613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393011184369">Copyright Notice And License Texts</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930918113615">Software: postgis-2.4.2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930118113617">Copyright notice:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930121814360">"Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99300189361">Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79301184367">51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09301418143619">Copyright 2008 Kevin Neufeld</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189301018133611">Copyright (c) 2009 Walter Bruce Sinclair</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293017184367">Copyright 2006-2013 Stephen Woodbridge.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693012183368">Copyright (c) 2008 Walter Bruce Sinclair</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29307185369">Copyright (c) 2012 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39300181364">Copyright (c) 2008, by Attractive Chaos &lt;attractivechaos@aol.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930318153616">Copyright (c) 2001-2012 Walter Bruce Sinclair</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301118183616">Copyright (c) 2010 Walter Bruce Sinclair</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293021819368">Copyright 2006 Stephen Woodbridge</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930318173611">Copyright 2006-2010 Stephen Woodbridge.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993012181362">Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Stephen Woodbridge.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2093091823612">Copyright (c) 2017, Even Rouault &lt;even.rouault at spatialys.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693018186360">Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79301618133612">Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930181853613">Copyright (C) 2008 Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930118203620">Copyright 2015 Nicklas Av&eacute;n &lt;nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59301218163615">Copyright 2008 Paul Ramsey</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301718123613">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893001814368">Copyright 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693051818366">Copyright (C) 2014 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930101817367">Copyright 2013 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189305183361">Copyright 2009 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89301818173611">Copyright 2008 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930418123610">Copyright 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793019186360">Copyright 2015 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59305185364">Copyright 2009 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930318163618">Copyright 2014 Kashif Rasul &lt;kashif.rasul@gmail.com&gt; and</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393071810365">Shoaib Burq &lt;saburq@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393015189365">Copyright 2013 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930161819367">Copyright 2010 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199301184364">Copyright (C) 2017 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1693081853617">Copyright (C) 2015 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293071873616">Copyright (C) 2009 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893017188365">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p209301118143611">Copyright 2010 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930131833612">Copyright 2014 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930181814367">Copyright 2011-2016 Regina Obe</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293011823618">Copyright (C) 2008 Paul Ramsey</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930151843614">Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093021813367">Copyright 2010-2012 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301618103613">Copyright (C) 2015 Daniel Baston &lt;dbaston@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930218193611">Copyright (C) 2013 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930418183614">Copyright (C) 2016 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930181833614">Copyright 2017 Darafei Praliaskouski &lt;me@komzpa.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930018193611">Copyright (c) 2016, Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993013188369">Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893014183363">Copyright (C) 2011 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930111817361">Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Mark Cave-Ayland</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930171863619">Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930191810361">Copyright 2015 Daniel Baston &lt;dbaston@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293014185366">Copyright 2009 David Skea &lt;David.Skea@gov.bc.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301518143613">Copyright (C) 2012-2015 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930121814369">Copyright (C) 2012-2015 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99301018103610">Copyright 2001-2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930218183615">Copyright (C) 2004 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593016184363">Copyright 2011-2014 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39305183366">Copyright 2009-2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129303184369">Copyright 2015-2016 Daniel Baston &lt;dbaston@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109305183363">Copyright 2011-2015 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930151853614">Copyright 2007-2008 Mark Cave-Ayland</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793015189362">Copyright 2012-2013 Oslandia &lt;infos@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193051816365">Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69301018153616">Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930141853618">Copyright 2016 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930201883619">Copyright 2011 Kashif Rasul &lt;kashif.rasul@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39305188366">Copyright (C) 2014 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293031815365">Copyright (C) 2010 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930191893610">Copyright (C) 2010-2015 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169307183368">Copyright (C) 2011      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893001815368">Copyright (C) 2011-2014 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930121813615">Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930111843613">Copyright (C) 2011 Paul Ramsey</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79301918203615">Copyright 2001-2003 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393031883615">Copyright 2009-2010 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793011188369">Copyright 2010-2012 Oslandia</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930918183619">Copyright 2006 Corporacion Autonoma Regional de Santander</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139305189361">Copyright 2013 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930161818364">Copyright 2011-2016 Arrival 3D, Regina Obe</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930131816360">Copyright (C) 2009 David Skea &lt;David.Skea@gov.bc.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301318183614">Copyright (C) 2017      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930121815360">Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930201820361">Copyright (C) 2010 - Oslandia</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930121820361">Copyright (C) 2006 Mark Leslie &lt;mark.leslie@lisasoft.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301218113616">Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930151815369">Copyright (C) 2009-2015 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930101812361">Copyright (C) 2010 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@camptocamp.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49304184366">Copyright 2010 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930161873613">Copyright 2012 Paul Ramsey</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793061810366">Copyright 2011 Nicklas Av&eacute;n</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293012183368">Copyright 2002 Thamer Alharbash</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993091803617">Copyright 2011 OSGeo</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29301218173615">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893051843611">Copyright (C) 2008      Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893021883611">Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301187362">Copyright 2010 LISAsoft Pty Ltd</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169301118203617">Copyright 2010 Mark Leslie</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393015189362">Copyright (c) 1999, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293011813369">Copyright 2009 Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093091893620">Copyright (c) 2007, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930161873615">Copyright 2008 OpenGeo.org</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930141817361">Copyright (C) 2008 OpenGeo.org</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193031819360">Copyright (C) 2009 Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930181810369">Copyright 2010 LISAsoft</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930141819361">Copyright (C) 2010 Mark Cave-Ayland &lt;mark.cave-ayland@siriusit.co.uk&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109301918193617">Copyright (c) 1999, 2001, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301118163618">Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Bj?rn Harrtell &lt;bjorn@wololo.org&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119301518133618">Copyright (C) 2017 Danny G?tte &lt;danny.goette@fem.tu-ilmenau.de&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193018188363">Copyright 2009-2011 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930118103617">^copyright^</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893018187362">Copyright 2012 (C) Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59301618123614">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179301718123613">Copyright 2009 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@opengeo.org&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301018183619">Copyright 2001-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893015188368">Copyright (C) 2010 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930141816366">By Nathan Wagner, copyright disclaimed,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930101816366">this entire file is in the public domain</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930121823617">Copyright 2009-2011 Olivier Courtin &lt;olivier.courtin@oslandia.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393061813612">Copyright (C) 2001-2005 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119306186363">Copyright 2001-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99301182365">Copyright 2009-2014 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993020183363">Copyright (C) 2008 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930111817366">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930111863617">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1693091873612">Copyright 2012 J Smith &lt;dark.panda@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793071813360">Copyright 2009 - 2010 Oslandia</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89304180361">Copyright 2009 Oslandia</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993016181363">Copyright 2001-2005 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89304188369">Copyright 2016 Paul Ramsey &lt;pramsey@cleverelephant.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993031893613">Copyright 2016 Daniel Baston &lt;dbaston@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093001843613">Copyright (C) 2011  OpenGeo.org</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301218113617">Copyright (c) 2003-2017, Troy D. Hanson     http:troydhanson.github.com/uthash/</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993012184366">Copyright (C) 2011 Regents of the University of California</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793041815367">Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Regents of the University of California</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293021813610">Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Jorge Arevalo &lt;jorge.arevalo@deimos-space.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930181833617">Copyright (C) 2010-2011 David Zwarg &lt;dzwarg@azavea.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930141817368">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Pierre Racine &lt;pierre.racine@sbf.ulaval.ca&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1493081817363">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393061893616">Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930118153620">Copyright (C) 2013 Nathaneil Hunter Clay &lt;clay.nathaniel@gmail.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199301718113611">Copyright (C) 2013  Nathaniel Hunter Clay &lt;clay.nathaniel@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930718113617">Copyright (C) 2013 Bborie Park &lt;dustymugs@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193061816369">Copyright (C) 2013 Nathaniel Hunter Clay &lt;clay.nathaniel@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301188368">(C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930191833615">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930518183620">Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593061819361">Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Jorge Arevalo &lt;jorge.arevalo@deimos-space.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393013184365">Copyright (C) 2012 Regents of the University of California</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930618173613">Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930718183620">Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Regents of the University of California</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930918183613">Copyright (C) 2009  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@kbt.io&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189301418103610">"</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179308186364">License: The GPL v2 License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930171883611">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p209302182368">Version 2, June 1991</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893091863617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293051813614">Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593015187360">51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693013187361">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793017183367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930111818360">Preamble</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993017183369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189301618113619">The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930121873613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930161815367">When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930101816362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199303181362">To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930191820369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930618113615">For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199301618143617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793019184367">We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99305183365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793021817361">Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930418173615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593018180364">Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49301718143619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393051819366">The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693021816361">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169301018123610">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930318153612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493011819369">0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930318143610"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930101863618">Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159306186368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593010182369">1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930151833616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930171812365">You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930101812363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09301418183614">2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930118153613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109306189365">a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893021893613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p209301318113616">b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p209301418123615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930161813364">c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393012185365">These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301718133612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2093021812363">Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930418123616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393071817369">In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930018173618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593010182365">3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1493011819368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930018173613">a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930101814366"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930141818364">b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129302018193614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29302186366">c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89302187369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930218173619">The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930918133614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930121883614">If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930171818363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093071883619">4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893081813613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189301918143618">5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893061810368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149308180363">6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2093051833611"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930181811365">7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930418173619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930151819362">If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129307185363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293011810366">It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930201819363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930131812361">This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930121833618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193016186364">8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193019183362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793011812364">9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930121818367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930818133612">Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930101815361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193041811365">10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930201843612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093051843618">NO WARRANTY</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930151813611"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193013186361">11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930161823615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59301718133614">12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930151814367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930191853614">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193021843618">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199308186366"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930618143618">If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930151853615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930161833611">To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893011186362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993011183369">&lt;one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930818103610">Copyright (C) &lt;year&gt;  &lt;name of author&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930191813361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930518153620">This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p093041815368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930191810368">This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169306187367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930118203619">You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930518133610">Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930718143612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893001893618">If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930101843619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393081815361">Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393071812366">Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129301618123611">This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930918113616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199301118153619">The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301418193612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893013188361">You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193019182364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193020187362">Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109305185368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930191812368">&lt;signature of Ty Coon&gt;, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930121803613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893081812368">This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930191810363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793091893618">Software:Geos</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930161823610">Copyright notice:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930151819366">Copyright (C) 2009      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993011180363">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793081873615">Copyright (C) 2013 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930121873614">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493015180367">Copyright (C) 2009  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930131819367">Copyright (C) 2011      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930218143614">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179305184363">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930141863615">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930151819361">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301018143617">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59308182361">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169301118143614">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593031811363">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69303185369">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09308185365">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59307189366">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930181803611">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930111811361">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930518113617">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993011823614">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129301185362">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129307187361">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930141814368">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p093041803612">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930101833616">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69301018123611">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930171823617">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930718173613">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493019181361">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930141883615">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199302188364">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301318173618">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301418123618">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930818173614">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930101803611">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930111823615">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293019184364">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930171819365">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930141883618">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930191812366">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930918173619">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149304182368">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930718123613">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930181812368">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293051813365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119301118163612">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930918103612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930141814366">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179301218113620">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793013186368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301018143614">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11821945103819">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17182164518383">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2182104511384">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8182345173810">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p141821945113812">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7182204519389">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13182045103816">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19182154513812">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6182545183814">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p61821745133817">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1418224511387">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12182245173814">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p118234519381">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p81821345193811">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2182245193818">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p218218456383">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1118274514383">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p181824459381">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19182154511381">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p31821445173813">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1719813458380">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0198194563816">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p519854513814">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11198545143819">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p81981245103817">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1519820454384">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12198745183819">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7198104503811">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5198545123811">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7198194512387">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121981045173815">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16198154512386">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p141986452385">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17198645153816">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p141981845143813">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11198124519389">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15198845143815">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p131982455386">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1819834553815">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20198104573817">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p919819455381"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p719816456385">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1198154514384"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0198104512389">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p41983455383">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1219864513388"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14198114553812">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1219819456383">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4198124519388">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15198104517385">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3198114511386">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p619884573812">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14198114563813">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p41985452384">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1419884512382">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1219864518382">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121985455386">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1019818450384">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119804533811">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11198164512389">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8198204513385">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11198164573818">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1919894503815">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1719819458381">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p419894519387">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1919874583816">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15198645113817">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3198164513817">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1419844583814">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2019813457385">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p31981345133814">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1219854533812">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18198645183815">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8198945153817">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p919834511382">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p419813459387">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1519884514383">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6198745123813">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p019814452382">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1119854553816">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p61981745173813">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1119810453389">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1219817453383">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82141245193810">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12144457381">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11214144514384">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62141845133817">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20214184573810"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19214104510386">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121412452382"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132141645123819">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4214045123816">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16214945103812"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1214164503812">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p72148459388">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121494513382">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1221494511384">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p621415459387">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p521414511388">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7214144513813">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p22145451383">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p621444563811">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17214164553817">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1221404519388">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1621404553814">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121454514384">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8214154519387">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62148455387">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16214134515380">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192141945123813">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p921494516382">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1521464515389">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p162141745123816">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p821414583815">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p52141445153814">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2214144515381">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5214845153814">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4214345123815">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2021418454388">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3214194519382">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0214134563819">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2214174573818">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p92141445193810">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p521424518384">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192141145163812">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12214194573815">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122141451380">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18214174518389">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82141545143817">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1621464512389">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20214174593812">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1621464553817">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0214245163813">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p202141945113816">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122141045103811"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142145454381">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3214445143820"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p321424517384">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32141945143816">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9214114511383"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p221464520384">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p321416452388">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6214204523820">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p02141545193818">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112148451388">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7214174593810">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13214134543819">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62148451382">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11214745123817">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1214145183816">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p521404573815">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p521411456381">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82141645193820">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7214124583811">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p321412453386">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62141445163818">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1621444512381">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121413455382">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3214145123820">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3214745113815">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142142458383">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p621494515384">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12214154511383">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3214114513820">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122140459384">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5214154520384">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9214124510389">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p121484518386">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4214745113812">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13214104516382">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12214184543810">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10229945113815">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p172291945123816">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19229174543813">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12229345193819">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142294455384">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122914515380">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1622904563819">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5229204520387">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1922994543813">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p722974514380">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1422994523817"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122918458381">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p222924512388"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p822934515381">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6229174573820">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8229144511383"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7229134553814">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12296453386">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32291345143811">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42296455385">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p622914453382">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1422914455383">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p162291145123818">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p422954533813">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32294456385">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19229645133815">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102294454385">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4229134511381">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7229124553812">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7229174593814">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20229245133815">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1822904553815">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102291945173815">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p622904553818">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8229184510384">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1122924512383">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10229245123814">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1322917451383">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10229114503810">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p622904517383">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1522918451389">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1522913454384">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19229645113819">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2229184517383">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1722994516381">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16229104517381">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10229104518389">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19229445163818">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18229204593819">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p822964543818">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p202297454385">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132299451388">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1422924510386">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4229245123818">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122293454383">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p622904573811">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42299458389">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20229134515381"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13229124533815">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p422914520386"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7229184563810">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0229645173812">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1322934520382"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20229145183817">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5229184515384">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7229104516386">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8229345123819">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3229445153816">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2022954583810">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122974543813">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6229194517382">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18229124519388">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142291545163814">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16229445133813">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112291945163811">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16245194515386">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1124515455389">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p824544543814">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12245124517383">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19245104520382">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1824524573810">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17245174563816">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0245144553819">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1924594511385">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1024574517386">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14245245123818">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1624504510388">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p02456456383">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182451945103812">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p52458459382">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8245345153813">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9245045153813">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19245154510385">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1124544523817">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1624574523817">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11245164583815">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p52457455383">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10245104523815">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p52451645123815">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11245174516381">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42459451382">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15245164593817">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182451457387">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1124534511380">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17245645173812"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18245445103814">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82451445133814"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5245145103812">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2245164573816">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11245104553816"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1124513450382">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1524564513383">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19245144519387">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112454452384">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p172451345153819">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p424554543816">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12453450381">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p72451745103815">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p524554510384">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1224517453387">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8245124553811">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3245745163819">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12451145203819">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p172451645133819">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18245145123814">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192450458381">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1026010454385">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32609452383">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7260124533816">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1126044593813">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42601345173811">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32601456382">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12260174510381">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152601845183818">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1026054503819">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p726054514388">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0260134517383">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14260104511388">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142606458380">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7260174533817">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102601745113818">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182609457388">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14260164543811">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19260445203816">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20260345143817">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1226014517381">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82602457389">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122602045123811">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p726013458383">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32602459381">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6260164523818">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182601345163814"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15260945123814">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1226016451382"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152607453382">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102602452389">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p826014450385"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1526024573819">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62607453380">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12602045143812">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1226064515384">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6260445183811">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2260545143820">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p826011453382">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0260124518387">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p126019454380">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152601145103820">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16260124553819">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0260104519384">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17260134533815">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10260845113813">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p122609452381">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p026034514386">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p826018457384">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p22601845123816">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1926084515389">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p326020456382">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1526017458386">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p626044517384">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6260845153813">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16260124513387">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112608456384">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192601445133819">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17260945193810">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12601645123814">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p026019458381">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4260144519384">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5260645133816">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p92601345133820">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p526074573818">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3260204512385">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p326064523819">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p026034583815">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13260245113817">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32601045183810">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p226084553819">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2026054593811">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16260945173814">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152608455384"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12260164513388">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p172600454385"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17260145123810">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1226004513817">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p626014452387"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p126018454389">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p527618457381">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20276184516382">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1276134510384">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1276745123817">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1227614459389">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p827617451383">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1927614519381">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1727614513816">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142762453387">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62761645173810">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15276045113816">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20276104523819">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p327694519389">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14276154533810">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1227674511380">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p627611456386">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p127664513382">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p22765456384">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p927615453389">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p727684518386">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82761145113810">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1327611451381">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192762452389">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p427616455383">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1727694518385">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p727616457388">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9276104563811">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1327644513815">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7276245143810">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14276134518380">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4276184523816">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1627616459385">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32761145143815">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82761045113819">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p72763451386">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5276345163818">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182761345173814">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p227604533817">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7276134513812">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132761445203815">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16276114563820"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13276445123816">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p527613454381"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p627674512388">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1276204553819">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3276184515388"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32761945183817">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19276445203819">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p327654553813">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132761045123813">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42761645153811">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1327616450382">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1527664512387">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102761845113816">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p927624593810">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16276845163815">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p127615451386">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1927654563811">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20276104583815">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12276645143816">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182761245193817">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8276204533814">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p527618456388">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p027654593820">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2276174516386">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p527694518387">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18276174512385">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p327613457386">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182761745133814">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2027617455388">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p172766454384">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8276154514389">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16276194516382">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32760456381">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13276104533819">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8276164520385">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1627634513382">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p42761845123813">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3276184573820">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p162760458383">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1727614513382">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6276945193817">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1027610457388">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p627614454387">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p102761745103820">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20291124533814">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p329110458381">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62911445143810"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10291845133811">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5291545173819"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17291154563813">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152917454384">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1729164510387"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9291194563814">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192911145143815">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5291124583817">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p152917453382">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p72916452385">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1829117455382">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15291184516382">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9291114512382">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1529174512388">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11291124515389">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p182911945143817">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17291645153815">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11291104518382">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p729194518381">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1229114458385">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11291545193813">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1929118450380">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7291184518385">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82916457385">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1129114543814">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18291945133818">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16291545103818">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10291184573819">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12291194523820">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14291104543819">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12291645163818">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p029194513387">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1129174533816">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p162915456384">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2029114455387">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p329119456387">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10291194593816">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8291174515384">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0291124518388">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p92911145153814">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1529174516384">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3291104563816">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5291144517384">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62915454389">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142911145153818">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p62911545133815">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132911045113817"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p82911945143810">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16291445103812"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3291124511385">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112916459384">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4291194511382"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p142911645183820">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1529115456386">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3291345193812">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p429124573818">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12912455387">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192911445103816">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p192911945143817">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p92914459384">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p32911745193817">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15291645183818">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12291164513389">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p929114519380">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11291104543820">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p429111458385">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20291134573814">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1529184512387">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p112911453384">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1929154512387">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8291134515389">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43071945203811">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43071745183810">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4307184503810">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p143071545143817">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12307194513387">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2307104573817">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p53071545163819">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11307184514386">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7307134593811">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p123071456389">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p133071645153815">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18307745183819">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6307204512386">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1730714563818">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p230794510382">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p530719452386">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1130784513381">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10307845143813">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1307144511384">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p63071845153813">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19307945153820">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1730711456383">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p430734573814"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4307114513386">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13307174543814"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14307845203815">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p183071452381">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19307174523820"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p123076458388">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7307154510384">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p03072454386">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1230720456381">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20307174563813">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1830720457387">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4307045153816">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p93079452380">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15307124520380">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p030734511380">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p03072045193817">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p133071945103814">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1630764503811">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1307445123819">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p330714459385">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p33071445103820">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p63075457381">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2030764523815">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p23072454381">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p163071645193812">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16307194553820">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14307194573810">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p430774516388">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3307124563812">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4307945143819">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1530754543813">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1730724593815">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11307164583815">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8307164533814">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p830715455388">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17307154583810">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p930734583819">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p83071645143814">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p73079459389">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19307945103811">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3307845113820">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1630714573811">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930764514383">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p230716451380">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1430714533819">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6307144563813">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20307245113810"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9307164573811">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p93073452386"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8307154593811">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1130764510387">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p130713453383"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930704512384">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p930764583819">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p93071645163820">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p930744512382">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11307645163811">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p163078455385">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17307174518383">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4307144513389">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19307114533819">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p230717451381">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p532334515388">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1323194511385">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6323194563819">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16323945143813">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p632304510381">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p173230459389">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1632394543819">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p153231045143815">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1732354514383">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1732319457384">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43230458389">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p232312451382">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p183231745173818">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p432324553810">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1323134514388">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13323164512384">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8323545193814">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17323945183815">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11323204516383">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132324514389">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p732318457386">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1832364519386">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1932364517389">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p183231458389">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15323124523816">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p032374553816">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p432310454382">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8323164563819">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p163235454388">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p53231145183812">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1432334513819">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1132312452388"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1732334515389">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1132394520383"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p183232450389">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p153238450387">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1632384563814"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1132318459384">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1832364563811">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p232304512389">Copyright (C) 2005-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1532314458385">Copyright (C) 2009   Ragi Y. Burhum &lt;ragi@burhum.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2323194503815">Copyright (C) 2010 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1932394517382">Copyright (C) 2009 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9323174533812">Copyright (C) 2005 2006 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19323174510387">Copyright (C) 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2032354583811">Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1432314457388">Copyright (C) 2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p132315455384">Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1332313456384">Copyright (C) 2016 Daniel Baston</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2323545183815">Copyright (C) 2008 Sean Gillies</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p133231445113818">Copyright (C) 2009 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1232354583819">Copyright (C) 2006      Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p732319454386">Copyright (C) 2012  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7323144543813">Copyright (C) 2009    Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10323134593813">Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p183233454388">Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9323245153814">Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p932354519385">Copyright (C) 2007 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p113231445173816">Copyright (C) 2014 Mika Heiskanen &lt;mika.heiskanen@fmi.fi&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1332314553820">Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18323164512383">Copyright (C) 2009 2011  Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16323545153811">Copyright (C) 2010      Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p532344514381">Copyright (C) 2009 Mateusz Loskot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43231745203819">Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Refractions Research Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1532318456383">Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Vivid Solutions Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2323145153811">Copyright (C) 2012 Sandro Santilli &lt;strk@keybit.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1323194510385">Copyright (C) 2006 Wu Yongwei</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1232314513387">Copyright (C) 2012 Excensus LLC.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p53231345173816">Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20323174516386">Copyright (c) 1995 Olivier Devillers &lt;Olivier.Devillers@sophia.inria.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20323345173810">Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1632314452387">Copyright (C) 2010 Safe Software Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p123232457389">Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p133232458381">Copyright 2004 Sean Gillies, sgillies@frii.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1032311452382">Copyright (C) 2011 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1432344543816">Copyright (C) 2015      Nyall Dawson &lt;nyall dot dawson at gmail dot com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1832394514387">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43231454383">Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9323845103811"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p833944563816">License: LGPL V2.1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p43391945163817"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p333944573818">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p03391045153819">Version 2.1, February 1999</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16339124573813">Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9339134517388">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930718173616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930131883617">[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the version number 2.1.]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149309181369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930818133616">Preamble</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199309181369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593031873619">The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493012181363">Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093091814368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093020184366">This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930161813612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930718173620">When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these things.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89301618103612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893012180363">To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593071863617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930618163610">For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  If you link other code with the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it.  And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930181833616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930318193617">We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301318163613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99301618113610">To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is no warranty for the free library.  Also, if the library is modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not the original version, so that the original author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993031873617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109308180365">Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program.  We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder.  Therefore, we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930151853612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193013182362">Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License.  This license, the GNU Lesser General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930618123620">is quite different from the ordinary General Public License.  We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non-free programs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930181813369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930101883618">When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work, a derivative of the original library.  The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom.  The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930161863613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119301618103619">We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public License.  It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non-free programs.  These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries.  However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p20930318113613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093051863615">For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-facto standard.  To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the library.  A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries.  In this case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193019183367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199302186368">In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software.  For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930218163615">non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19300189362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49301518183618">Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393021823618">The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.  Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library".  The</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930121819362">former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593021812363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930318123611">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930218203618">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129306187362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930121810362">0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is addressed as "you".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593091819364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301118133618">A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930418193616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493001833613">The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms.  A "work based on the Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09300182367">copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated straightforwardly into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p693071853619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9930171819369">"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.  For a library, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930118123617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930418173617">Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it).  Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930141817367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930181863613">1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169301818193617">appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930161823618">Library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930118123610"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1693051893611">You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930161818369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193010189364">2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293081813610">above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930141812365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301718163620">a) The modified work must itself be a software library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301618103615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119303183363">b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930918103618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129301018163613">c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893011843616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930151814367">d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an application does not supply such function or table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493081819368">its purpose remains meaningful.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930161811366"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179301318183611">(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application.  Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any     application-supplied function or table used by this function must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square root function must still compute square roots.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09301218153612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293091863619">These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930131816361">themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393051813369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59301918133615">Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793018185364">collective works based on the Library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930101815369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930218103619">In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930111853614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49301918123616">3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library.  To do this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, instead of to this License.  (If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify that version instead if you wish.)  Do not make any other change in these notices.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p093071816360"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301918203613">Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179305185369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930818163610">This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930201814369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393001813363">4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930218113619">it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930171893617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293013187369">If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29302183360">distribute the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99301518103614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930618153617">5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library".  Such a</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093081883620">work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093011182365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993019187362">However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the library".  The executable is therefore covered by this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293041818366">Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930218153617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930818153614">When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not. Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library.  The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930818153618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p39301118163616">If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119308181368">file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work.  (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930141816361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893011817360">Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p17930918173610">whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179303188367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159303180363">6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793013187364">under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930618163620"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893051873618">You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.  You must supply a copy of this License.  If the work during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License.  Also, you must do one of these things:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093051883612"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930111817363">a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified executable containing the modified Library.  (It is understood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will not  necessarily be able to recompile the application to use the modified definitions.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49303183368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69301018163618">b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library.  A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930181815362">rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2) will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if the user installs one, as long as the modified version is     interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193011811361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493015185369">c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more than the cost of performing this distribution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79305189365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930418113618">d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930618113618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093041893611">e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293031873618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129301018143615">For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it.  However, as a special exception,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293041812362">the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993013182369">which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930171823618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p893017186367">It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system.  Such a contradiction means you cannot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119302018103610">use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3930121819362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930171853620">7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted, and provided that you do these two things:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993011182362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179301618173610">a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities.  This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930101843615"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1493001863615">b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930151873613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930418173617">8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1193012188364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930171843614">9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works.  These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79301918193610"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593021816369">10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930171817363">You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930718123610"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930191818363">11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p159301818103613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930141813615">If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139308184368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p5930318143615">It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793017181368">integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1493014187369">impose that choice.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p189301318123614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119308181369">This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p69306182365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119304184363">12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79301218183619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p493011833617">13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930161818366">Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930171893617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1493019182360">Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Library does not specify a license version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293051818362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179302018113611">14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930218103611">copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1393071883619">of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930141863617"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49301518153611">NO WARRANTY</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2093061818364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99301118193616">15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199301918143616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930201813611">16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18930131817362">RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293017181365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p393011811360">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930418103611"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293021819367">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893019183369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993051816368">If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15930318113610"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p0930171818362">To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293061814362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13930718163619">&lt;one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p49301018123613">Copyright (C) &lt;year&gt;  &lt;name of author&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1293020180362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29301118103611">This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930151873620"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7930171813619">This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p4930191820366">Lesser General Public License for more details.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6930141814363"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149301018193617">You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p14930518133619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930718133616">Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593041812366"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129301018203619">You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10930101817369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8930111816367">Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169307187360"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139303182361">&lt;signature of Ty Coon&gt;, 1 April 1990</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593011873615">Ty Coon, President of Vice</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1993016186364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1893018180360">That's all there is to it!</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p09307181362"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12930181843615">Software:  JSON-C</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19930718123614"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930201814361">Copyright notice:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1793031812362">Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Metaparadigm Pte. Ltd.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930141813616">Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Eric Haszlakiewicz</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p109304185362">Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Metaparadigm Pte Ltd</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930418173613">Copyright (c) 2009 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930171813363">Copyright 2011, John Resig</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301918153616">Copyright 2011, The Dojo Foundation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1593014188369">Copyright (c) 2012 Eric Haszlakiewicz</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1093051818361">Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p293001863614">Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Yahoo! Inc.  All rights reserved.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1693061863617">Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2930141812362">2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301618113617">Copyright (c) 2013 Metaparadigm Pte. Ltd.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p139301118153616"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p593031815362">License: MIT License</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p793091811365"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79306188363">Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Eric Haszlakiewicz</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p149300184364"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2093014183368">Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p993011814369"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11930618173616">The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1930618103618"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p16930618183610">THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p193010187367"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19303185366">----------------------------------------------------------------</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p89468183361"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1994611810361">Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Metaparadigm Pte Ltd</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p594611182360"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59462018193615">Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p179461518103613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6946181893610">The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p2946121853613"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129466180361">THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18946161815368"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p494601819367">Software: proj</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18946121814369">Copyright notice:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1194614185363">"Copyright (C) 2010 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p6946191873613">Copyright (C) 2007 Douglas Gregor &lt;doug.gregor@gmail.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1894612182368">Copyright (C) 2007 Troy Straszheim</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p99469182369">CMake,  Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Mateusz Loskot &lt;mateusz@loskot.net&gt; )</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1094691812362">Copyright (C) 2011 Nicolas David &lt;nicolas.david@ign.fr&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79461518103618">Copyright (c) 2000, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8946131812369">Copyright (c) 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1594651883614">Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1694621823615">2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169461518153618">Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2012-2015) &lt;charles@karney.com&gt; and licensed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129461718183615">Copyright (c) 2005, Antonello Andrea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8946161814363">Copyright (c) 2010, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19946151820365">Copyright (c) 1995, Gerald Evenden</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7946111853616">Copyright (c) 2000, Frank Warmerdam &lt;warmerdam@pobox.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p59465189362">Copyright (c) 2010, Frank Warmerdam &lt;warmerdam@pobox.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p494615187360">Copyright (c) 2013, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1094671833619">Copyright (c) 2003  Gerald I. Evenden</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p3946618153618">Copyright (c) 2012, Frank Warmerdam &lt;warmerdam@pobox.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1894610185363">Copyright (c) 2002, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p12946191818362">Copyright (c) 2004  Gerald I. Evenden</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p294691843620">Copyright (c) 2012  Martin Raspaud</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p694611873620">Copyright (c) 2001, Thomas Flemming, tf@ttqv.com</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p994631813366">Copyright (c) 2002, Frank Warmerdam &lt;warmerdam@pobox.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p119461418173611">Copyright (c) 2009, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p199461618173617">Copyright (c) 2003, 2006   Gerald I. Evenden</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p9946111818367">Copyright (c) 2011, 2012  Martin Lambers &lt;marlam@marlam.de&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p13946218113617">Copyright (c) 2006, Andrey Kiselev</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1894615189369">Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Even Rouault &lt;even dot rouault at mines-paris dot org&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p7946111810365">Copyright (c) 2001, Frank Warmerdam</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1794613188364">Copyright (c) 2001, Frank Warmerdam &lt;warmerdam@pobox.com&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29461018173612">Copyright (c) 2008  Gerald I. Evenden</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1494614185362">"</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10946161863611"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p19946131819366">License:  MIT License</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p994610180364">Please see above</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p10946151823619"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1894651883613">Software: libxml2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15946718153619">Copyright notice:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18946121883620"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p894651815363">"See Copyright for the status of this software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p994601815362">Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard.  All Rights Reserved.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1494621810368">Copyright (C) 2003 Daniel Veillard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p15946151823618">copy: see Copyright for the status of this software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1494614187361">copy: see Copyright for the status of this software</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p29461184365">copy: see Copyright for the status of this software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1094611186362">Copyright (C) 2000 Bjorn Reese and Daniel Veillard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169461218153619">Copy: See Copyright for the status of this software.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1946018163613">See COPYRIGHT for the status of this software</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8946718133612">Copyright (C) 2000 Gary Pennington and Daniel Veillard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p394621873620">Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p1694611843618">2007  Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p129461183361">Copyright (C) 1998 Bjorn Reese and Daniel Stenberg.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p494651820367">Copyright (C) 2001 Bjorn Reese &lt;breese@users.sourceforge.net&gt;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p79461189369">Copyright (C) 2000 Bjorn Reese and Daniel Stenberg.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p594691819363">Copyright (C) 2001 Bjorn Reese and Daniel Stenberg.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p11946318183619">See Copyright for the status of this software</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p594611833617">"</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p169461418113618">License:  MIT License</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p18946418203612">Please see above</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001101612732__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0301.html">PostGIS Extension</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0393.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0393.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d367334f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0393.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814520"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814520"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Resource Monitoring</h1>
+<div id="body1500282066544"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814520__a219b3718bf9e4c4795d45b5685055c62"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814520__text987626967">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides multiple dimensional resource monitoring views to show the real-time and historical resource usage of tasks.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0394.html">User Resource Query</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0395.html">Monitoring Memory Resources</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0396.html">Instance Resource Monitoring</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0397.html">Real-time TopSQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0398.html">Historical TopSQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0399.html">TopSQL Query Example</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0394.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0394.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a021414c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0394.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">User Resource Query</h1>
+<div id="body0000001147419403"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_sa79b4efe5d9c4fd388d2580476198563"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ab7a2234c948342cbb38eb4abd101dc13">In the multi-tenant management framework, you can query the real-time or historical usage of all user resources (including memory, CPU cores, storage space, temporary space, and I/Os).</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_n7a9652a1f8594abf8cd88b657df7f214"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ul2046120281910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li1340193311018">User real-time resource views/functions: <a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a> and GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_INFO; user historical resource table: <a href="dws_04_0567.html">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li383120481562">In the preceding views and tables, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b4450857175410">used_cpu</strong> indicates the CPU usage of a user's resource pool. The resource pool records only the CPU usage of long queries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li115211392911">In the preceding views and tables, I/O-related resource statistics only record I/O read and write data of long queries executed by users.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li9397175161910">When there are a large number of users and a large cluster, querying such real-time views will cause network latency due to the real-time communication overhead between CNs and DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li164661042143714">User memory and CPU monitoring does not apply to short queries or administrator jobs.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_s94c9533698194ccdad198448439a9aa4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ul11778104193915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li1177811433911">Query all users' resource quotas and real-time resource usage.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_sd8c93121e8bc4d41bc15666d44477a5f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_a22a51664352e4867951ae2fb0e745c21">The result view is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen1669016192413">username        | used_memory | total_memory | used_cpu | total_cpu | used_space | total_space | used_temp_space | total_temp_space | used_spill_space | total_spill_space | read_kbytes | write_kbytes | read_counts | write_counts | read_speed | write_speed
+-----------------------+-------------+--------------+----------+-----------+------------+-------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+------------+-------------
+perfadm               |           0 |        17250 |        0 |         0 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |                0 |                -1 |           0 |            0 |           0 |            0 |          0 |           0
+usern                 |           0 |        17250 |        0 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |                0 |                -1 |           0 |            0 |           0 |            0 |          0 |           0
+userg                 |          34 |        15525 |    23.53 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |        814955731 |                -1 |     6111952 |      1145864 |      763994 |       143233 |      42678 |        8001
+userg1                |          34 |        13972 |    23.53 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |        814972419 |                -1 |     6111952 |      1145864 |      763994 |       143233 |      42710 |        8007
+(4 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p2214132131818">The I/O resource monitoring fields (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b13223553104610">read_kbytes</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b5224853184614">write_kbytes</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b322405315468">read_counts</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b1622413537466">write_counts</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b17224453184611">read_speed</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_b2224353184619">write_speed</strong>) can be available only when the GUC parameter enable_user_metric_persistent is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_a1b0b7782d4b24c18834dc68ed177bf2e">For details about each column, see <a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ul440710812393"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li134070833918">Query a user's resource quota and real-time resource usage.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_s585ab541b93a48fcb72f4139c2ca5ed3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'username'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p17368833105817">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen16553102284">userid | used_memory | total_memory | used_cpu | total_cpu | used_space | total_space | used_temp_space | total_temp_space | used_spill_space | total_spill_space | read_kbytes | write_kbytes | read_counts | write_counts | read_speed | write_speed
+--------+-------------+--------------+----------+-----------+------------+-------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+------------+-------------
+16407 |           18 |        1655 |        6 |         19 |          13787176 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |                0 |                -1 |           0 |            0 |           0 |            0 |          0 |           0
+(1 row)</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ul10174171303915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li13369339153613">Query all users' resource quotas and historical resource usage.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen15593124715419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p1832531563713">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen1986417472284">username        |           timestamp           | used_memory | total_memory | used_cpu | total_cpu | used_space | total_space | used_temp_space | total_temp_space | used_spill_space | total_spill_space | read_kbytes | write_kbytes | read_counts | write_counts | read_speed  | write_speed
+-----------------------+-------------------------------+-------------+--------------+----------+-----------+------------+-------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-------------
+usern                 | 2020-01-08 22:56:06.456855+08 |           0 |        17250 |        0 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |         88349078 |                -1 |       45680 |           34 |        5710 |            8 |         320 |           0
+userg                 | 2020-01-08 22:56:06.458659+08 |           0 |        15525 |    33.48 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |        110169581 |                -1 |       17648 |           23 |        2206 |            5 |         123 |           0
+userg1                | 2020-01-08 22:56:06.460252+08 |           0 |        13972 |    33.48 |        48 |          0 |          -1 |               0 |               -1 |        136106277 |                -1 |       17648 |           23 |        2206 |            5 |         123 |           0</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p873752710298">For the system catalog in <a href="dws_04_0567.html">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</a>, data in the <a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a> view is periodically saved to historical tables only when the GUC parameter <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_ph867873711231">enable_user_metric_persistent</span> is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p051610447443">For details about each column, see <a href="dws_04_0567.html">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_li0174181353920">Query the real-time I/O control resource usage of a specific user. (The value in the view indicates the I/O control resource usage instead of the actual I/O read/write data.)<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen20898105132515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user_iostat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'username'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_p1741418536245">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147419403__en-us_topic_0000001145495049_screen17784679269"> userid | min_curr_iops | max_curr_iops | min_peak_iops | max_peak_iops | io_limits | io_priority
+ -------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-----------+------------- 
+     10 |             0 |             0 |             0 |             0 |         0 | None
+(1 row)</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0395.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0395.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..146641df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0395.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Monitoring Memory Resources</h1>
+<div id="body1500283119238"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_section61066329171513"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Monitoring the Memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_p47425651171513"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a view for monitoring the memory usage of the entire cluster.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_p29111811171513">Query the pgxc_total_memory_detail view as a user with sysadmin permissions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_screen60679707171513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_total_memory_detail</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_p16109207171513">If the following error message is returned during the query, enable the memory management function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_en-us_topic_0066857609_screen29777416171513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_total_memory_detail</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">unsupported</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">protection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">feature</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">disabled</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">CONTEXT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PL</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">pgSQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_total_memory_detail</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">line</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">at</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">over</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__p1486513481171">To enable memory management, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b15165182513108">enable_memory_limit</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b525203119105">max_process_memory </strong>on the GaussDB(DWS) console as follows:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_ol142791348192513"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_l8f022bf0765f4461bc8d570483dcc35e">Log in to the GaussDB(DWS) management console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_l2216db083add4f2f82560175b48a0cba">In the navigation pane on the left, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__uicontrol10361733112819"><b>Clusters</b></span>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_l347a21ae01ab4ead91c140de2c4844f7">In the cluster list, find the target cluster and click its name. The <span class="wintitle" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__wintitle26361635102811"><b>Basic Information</b></span> page is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_l5e21be442af1463bb06101cacce34dd0">Click the <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__parmname14456153211156"><b>Parameter Modification</b></span> tab, change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b945613231516">enable_memory_limit</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b18457532121518">on</strong>, and click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__uicontrol174575325153"><b>Save</b></span> to save the file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__li085454618917">Change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b1839093710154">max_process_memory</strong> to a proper one. For details about the modification suggestions, see <a href="dws_04_0893.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sadc1e0e8c1c246a4a6cad3967deebaad">max_process_memory</a>. After it is done, click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__uicontrol103911037161516"><b>Save</b></span>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0000001082119785_la56c2d28d9c446e39e3763c95cc387a6">In the <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__uicontrol10170847111517"><b>Modification Preview</b></span> dialog box, confirm the modifications and click <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__uicontrol81704471159"><b>Save</b></span>. After the modification, restart the cluster for the modification to take effect.</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__s662c3805a0f644fd8e8a5bd0183069b8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Monitoring the Shared Memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__ad270a83cd9b94369ad9c95bd9007170d">You can query the context information about the shared memory on the pg_shared_memory_detail view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__s428dc7ef90404e398304791ab71db86b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_shared_memory_detail</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">contextname</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">totalsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freesize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usedsize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------+-------+---------------------------------+-----------+----------+----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ProcessMemory</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                 </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">24576</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">9840</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14736</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Workload</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ProcessMemory</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2105400</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">7304</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2098096</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wlm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Workload</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">8192</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3736</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">4456</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Resource</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Workload</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">24576</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">15968</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">8608</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wlm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cgroup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Workload</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">24576</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">15968</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">8608</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__af0763b86c6964e68902130e0261ba03e">This view lists the context name of the memory, level, the upper-layer memory context, and the total size of the shared memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__a247c9711054445a5aa1ca109bd56a0e7">In the database, GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0058967736_b84235270610538">memory_tracking_mode</strong> is used to configure the memory statistics collecting mode, including the following options:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__udc58917825804f78a086d1d8ce6c97d5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__l7ecbd02d98444f5c99c42f03d9c0ef25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706105333">none:</strong> The memory statistics collecting function is not enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__l3d4481464551428781d80fde7388a8b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706105432">normal:</strong> Only memory statistics is collected in real time and no file is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__lee95f586c2dd49aab084ad33befb0227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706105529">executor:</strong> The statistics file is generated, containing the context information about all allocated memory used on the execution layer.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__af0ec9c757314412c8f5599cbec3bdbbd">When the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_b84235270610566">executor</strong>, cvs files are generated under the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__en-us_topic_0085031790_b842352706111914">pg_log</strong> directory of the DN process. The file names are in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b84235270617447">memory_track_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__i84235269717453">&lt;DN name&gt;</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b84235270617457">_query_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__i8423526971750">&lt;queryid&gt;</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b8423527061755">.csv</strong>. The information about the operators executed by the postgres thread of the executor and all stream threads are input in this file during task execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__afa62eb4d46da4be5b95c4c6c5c0f279f">The instance is built with a file content similar to the following:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__s6d973bac4d63495fab90e959c10e2002">0, 0, ExecutorState, 0, PortalHeapMemory, 0, 40K, 602K, 23
+1, 3, CStoreScan_29360131_25, 0, ExecutorState, 1, 265K, 554K, 23
+2, 128, cstore scan per scan memory context, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_25, 2, 24K, 24K, 23
+3, 127, cstore scan memory context, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_25, 2, 264K, 264K, 23
+4, 7, InitPartitionMapTmpMemoryContext, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_25, 2, 31K, 31K, 23
+5, 2, VecPartIterator_29360131_24, 0, ExecutorState, 1, 16K, 16K, 23
+0, 0, ExecutorState, 0, PortalHeapMemory, 0, 24K, 1163K, 20
+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__acaa42aec637d4ca69a4ebec195d6dda9">1, 3, CStoreScan_29360131_22, 0, ExecutorState, 1, 390K, 1122K, 20</strong>
+2, 20, cstore scan per scan memory context, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_22, 2, 476K, 476K, 20
+3, 19, cstore scan memory context, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_22, 2, 264K, 264K, 20
+4, 7, InitPartitionMapTmpMemoryContext, 1, CStoreScan_29360131_22, 2, 23K, 23K, 20
+5, 2, VecPartIterator_29360131_21, 0, ExecutorState, 1, 16K, 16K, 20</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__a27c39f01943a4970a0c390b3c93ceab7">The fields include the output SN, SN of the memory allocation context within the thread, name of the current memory context, output SN of the parent memory context, name of the parent memory context, tree layer No. of the memory context, peak memory used by the current memory context, peak memory used by the current memory context and all its child memory contexts, and plan node ID of the query where the thread is executed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__a976eb0d1fd2a4702a7aa92ae087b4e8f">In this example, the record "1, 3, CStoreScan_29360131_22, 0, ExecutorState, 1, 390K, 1122K, 20" represents the following information about Explain Analyze:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__u6aa1f5ab96bc449989a810b13a417d74"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__le5117e52f5fd4a069a0169ec42cacafa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706112642">CstoreScan_29360131_22</strong> indicates the CstoreScan operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__l5b2618a1cff1435c872b9e211bdae883"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706112657">1122K</strong> indicates the peak memory used by the CstoreScan operator.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__ldbc1a3d84ddf4243a0d8ccbb6896113b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b842352706112725">fullexec:</strong> The generated file includes the information about all memory contexts requested by the execution layer.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__a55fa01011f47429c805901437c20c632">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b19672132102811">fullexec</strong>, the output information will be similar to that for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b66751132202810">executor</strong>, except that some memory context allocation information may be returned because the information about all memory applications (no matter succeeded or not) is printed. As only the memory application information is recorded, the peak memory used by the memory context is recorded as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974760__b90567601511346">0</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0396.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0396.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a8217d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0396.html
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Instance Resource Monitoring</h1>
+<div id="body1578984302436"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p8060118"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__text1792255594">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides system catalogs for monitoring the resource usage of CNs and DNs (including memory, CPU usage, disk I/O, process physical I/O, and process logical I/O), and system catalogs for monitoring the resource usage of the entire cluster. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p224164813213">For details about the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__b6890104516260">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong>, see <a href="dws_04_0564.html">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__n7a9652a1f8594abf8cd88b657df7f214"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p76172316405">Data in the system catalog<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__b693818112713">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong> is distributed in corresponding instances. CN monitoring data is stored in the CN instance, and DN monitoring data is stored in the DN instance. The DN has a standby node. When the primary DN is abnormal, the monitoring data of the DN can be restored from the standby node. However, a CN has no standby node. When a CN is abnormal and then restored, the monitoring data of the CN will be lost. </p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__section294833216156"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__ul11778104193915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__li1177811433911">Query the latest resource usage of the current instance.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__sd8c93121e8bc4d41bc15666d44477a5f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__a22a51664352e4867951ae2fb0e745c21">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen16479038113515">instancename |           timestamp           | used_cpu | free_mem | used_mem | io_await | io_util  | disk_read | disk_write | process_read | process_write | logical_read | logical_write | read_counts | write_counts
+--------------+-------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:29:17.329495+08 |        0 |    14570 |     8982 |  662.923 |  99.9601 |    697666 |    93655.5 |       183104 |         30082 |       285659 |         30079 |      357717 |        37667
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:29:07.312049+08 |        0 |    14578 |     8974 |  883.102 |  99.9801 |    756228 |    81417.4 |       189722 |         30786 |       285681 |         30780 |      358103 |        38584
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:28:57.284472+08 |        0 |    14583 |     8969 |  727.135 |  99.9801 |    648581 |    88799.6 |       177120 |         31176 |       252161 |         31175 |      316085 |        39079
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:28:47.256613+08 |        0 |    14591 |     8961 |  679.534 |   100.08 |    655360 |     169962 |       179404 |         30424 |       242002 |         30422 |      303351 |        38136</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__ul168806617193"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__li388010614192">Query the resource usage of the current instance during a specified period.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen1288012617199"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2020-01-10'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2020-01-11'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p13880563191">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen10616456362">instancename |           timestamp           | used_cpu | free_mem | used_mem | io_await | io_util  | disk_read | disk_write | process_read | process_write | logical_read | logical_write | read_counts | write_counts
+--------------+-------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:29:17.329495+08 |        0 |    14570 |     8982 |  662.923 |  99.9601 |    697666 |    93655.5 |       183104 |         30082 |       285659 |         30079 |      357717 |        37667
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:29:07.312049+08 |        0 |    14578 |     8974 |  883.102 |  99.9801 |    756228 |    81417.4 |       189722 |         30786 |       285681 |         30780 |      358103 |        38584
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:28:57.284472+08 |        0 |    14583 |     8969 |  727.135 |  99.9801 |    648581 |    88799.6 |       177120 |         31176 |       252161 |         31175 |      316085 |        39079
+dn_6015_6016 | 2020-01-10 17:28:47.256613+08 |        0 |    14591 |     8961 |  679.534 |   100.08 |    655360 |     169962 |       179404 |         30424 |       242002 |         30422 |      303351 |        38136</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__ul7146101762717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__li10471518133416">To query the latest resource usage of a cluster, you can invoke the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__b129982319210">pgxc_get_wlm_current_instance_info</strong> stored procedure on the CN.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen1214615179271"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_wlm_current_instance_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ALL'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p181461017172719">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen1416817833711">instancename |           timestamp           | used_cpu | free_mem | used_mem | io_await | io_util | disk_read | disk_write | process_read | process_write | logical_read | logical_write | read_counts | write_counts
+--------------+-------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------
+coordinator2 | 2020-01-14 21:58:29.290894+08 |        0 |    12010 |      278 |  16.0445 | 7.19561 |   184.431 |    27959.3 |            0 |            10 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator3 | 2020-01-14 21:58:27.567655+08 |        0 |    12000 |      288 |  .964557 | 3.40659 |   332.468 |    3375.02 |           26 |            13 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode1    | 2020-01-14 21:58:23.900321+08 |        0 |    11899 |      389 |  1.17296 |    3.25 |     329.6 |     2870.4 |           28 |             8 |           13 |             3 |          18 |            6
+datanode2    | 2020-01-14 21:58:32.832989+08 |        0 |    11904 |      384 |   17.948 | 8.52148 |   214.186 |    25894.1 |           28 |            10 |           13 |             3 |          18 |            6
+datanode3    | 2020-01-14 21:58:24.826694+08 |        0 |    11894 |      394 |  1.16088 |    3.15 |       328 |     2868.8 |           25 |            10 |           13 |             3 |          18 |            6
+coordinator1 | 2020-01-14 21:58:33.367649+08 |        0 |    11988 |      300 |  9.53286 |   10.05 |      43.2 |      55232 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator1 | 2020-01-14 21:58:23.216645+08 |        0 |    11988 |      300 |  1.17085 | 3.21182 |   324.729 |    2831.13 |            8 |            13 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+(7 rows)</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__ul496451205915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__li1815152519326">To query historical resource usage of a cluster, you can invoke the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__b8517243162112">pgxc_get_wlm_current_instance_info</strong> stored procedure on the CN.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen1396421225919"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_wlm_history_instance_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ALL'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2020-01-14 21:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2020-01-14 22:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__p13965812135915">The query result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655162__screen17343133713710">instancename |           timestamp           | used_cpu | free_mem | used_mem | io_await |  io_util  | disk_read | disk_write | process_read | process_write | logical_read | logical_write | read_counts | write_counts
+--------------+-------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------
+coordinator2 | 2020-01-14 21:50:49.778902+08 |        0 |    12020 |      268 |  .127371 |   .789211 |    15.984 |    3994.41 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator2 | 2020-01-14 21:53:49.043646+08 |        0 |    12018 |      270 |  30.2902 |   8.65404 |    276.77 |    16741.8 |            3 |             1 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator2 | 2020-01-14 21:57:09.202654+08 |        0 |    12018 |      270 |   .16051 |   .979021 |   59.9401 |       5596 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator3 | 2020-01-14 21:38:48.948646+08 |        0 |    12012 |      276 | .0769231 | .00999001 |         0 |    35.1648 |            0 |             1 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator3 | 2020-01-14 21:40:29.061178+08 |        0 |    12012 |      276 |  .118421 |  .0199601 |         0 |    970.858 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator3 | 2020-01-14 21:50:19.612777+08 |        0 |    12010 |      278 |   24.411 |   11.7665 |   8.78244 |    44641.1 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode1    | 2020-01-14 21:49:42.758649+08 |        0 |    11909 |      379 |  .798776 |      8.02 |      51.2 |    20924.8 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode1    | 2020-01-14 21:49:52.760188+08 |        0 |    11909 |      379 |  23.8972 |      14.1 |         0 |      74760 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode1    | 2020-01-14 21:50:22.769226+08 |        0 |    11909 |      379 |  39.5868 |       7.4 |         0 |    19760.8 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode2    | 2020-01-14 21:58:02.826185+08 |        0 |    11905 |      383 |  .351648 |       .32 |      20.8 |      504.8 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode2    | 2020-01-14 21:56:42.80793+08  |        0 |    11906 |      382 |  .559748 |       .04 |         0 |      326.4 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode2    | 2020-01-14 21:45:21.632407+08 |        0 |    11901 |      387 |  12.1313 |   4.55544 |    3.1968 |    45177.2 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode3    | 2020-01-14 21:58:14.823317+08 |        0 |    11898 |      390 |  .378205 |       .99 |        48 |    23353.6 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode3    | 2020-01-14 21:47:50.665028+08 |        0 |    11901 |      387 |  1.07494 |      1.19 |         0 |    15506.4 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+datanode3    | 2020-01-14 21:51:21.720117+08 |        0 |    11903 |      385 |  10.2795 |      3.11 |         0 |    11031.2 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator1 | 2020-01-14 21:42:59.121945+08 |        0 |    12020 |      268 | .0857143 |  .0699301 |         0 |    6579.02 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator1 | 2020-01-14 21:41:49.042646+08 |        0 |    12020 |      268 |  20.9039 |   11.3786 |   6042.76 |    57903.7 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+coordinator1 | 2020-01-14 21:41:09.007652+08 |        0 |    12020 |      268 | .0446429 |    .03996 |         0 |    1109.29 |            0 |             0 |            0 |             0 |           0 |            0
+(18 rows)</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0397.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0397.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00e17a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0397.html
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Real-time TopSQL</h1>
+<div id="body1500282066544"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p654665313713">You can query real-time Top SQL in real-time resource monitoring views at different levels. The real-time resource monitoring view records the resource usage (including memory, disk, CPU time, and I/O) and performance alarm information during job running.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1926013415223">The following table describes the external interfaces of the real-time views.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462"></a><a name="table16116143418462"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Real-time resource monitoring views</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row2269163474610"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p8269434174616">Level</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1926911343463">Monitored Node</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.2044795520448%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p8134194117326">View</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row152692034164618"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p102691034154612">Query level/perf level</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p32693347462">Current CN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.2044795520448%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p326915345461"><a href="dws_04_0706.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row13270113404615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1270734194614">All CNs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p13270203414462"><a href="dws_04_0841.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row227114349461"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1527143494613">Operator level</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.397760223977603%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p4271123411465">Current CN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.2044795520448%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p162710344467"><a href="dws_04_0703.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row927116341462"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p927183474616">All CNs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1427112347460"><a href="dws_04_0838.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__n7a9652a1f8594abf8cd88b657df7f214"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ul2046120281910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li13474165412533">The view level is determined by the resource monitoring level, that is, the <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> configuration.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li541810241581">The perf and operator levels affect the values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b109610138241">query_plan</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b724512182244">warning</strong> columns in <a href="dws_04_0706.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a>/<a href="dws_04_0839.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0446.html">SQL Self-Diagnosis</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li5461102121920">Prefixes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b842352706112930">gs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b842352706112934">pgxc</strong> indicate views showing single CN information and those showing cluster information, respectively. Common users can log in to a CN in the cluster to query only views with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b09977810154">gs</strong> prefix.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li9397175161910">When you query this type of views, there will be network latency, because the views obtain resource usage in real time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li11892347154112">If instance fault occurs, some SQL statement information may fail to be recorded in real-time resource monitoring views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li12942257154712"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li12942257154712"></a><a name="li12942257154712"></a>SQL statements are recorded in real-time resource monitoring views as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ul103140232483"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li9187131204818">DDL statements are not recorded, such as the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b673511168113">CREATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b18737171617112">ALTER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b573781612119">DROP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b673841619111">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b10739191613114">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b13740716718">VACUUM</strong> statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li291031819217">DML statements are recorded, including:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ul1181627122110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li854324572112">the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b119611531131914">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b996763117197">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b10967143111197">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b196816315193">DELETE</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li1735919495211">the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1163217419194">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b36321841161913">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li1441016133813">the use of a query-level/perf-level view, which also supports the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b124512491787">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> syntax.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li7710585482">Statements in functions and stored procedures and statements used for calling functions and stored procedures are recorded. Statements in loop bodies (if any) of functions and stored procedures are not recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li6414171018483">Statements in anonymous blocks are not recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li11207121574815">Statements in transaction blocks are recorded. Statements in loop bodies (if any) of transaction blocks are not recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li13429101018253">Cursor statements are recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li173571617104518">Jobs in a redistribution process are not monitored.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__saa63a158e85e40e68a18bd4688ead5b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ubc04aa478573496d9f6b686ff3b65df7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__lb9997f9dc8cf4ceba6645db629a401d7">The GUC parameter <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ph4109115920243">enable_resource_track</span> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1634323194317">on</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b18341223204318">on</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li1811301554419">The GUC parameter <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b842352706182051">query</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b12406108143614">perf</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b842352706182054">operator</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b842352706182059">query</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li1971045485">Job monitoring rules are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ul1955111017919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li85518102919">Jobs whose execution cost estimated by the optimizer is greater than or equal to <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713">resource_track_cost</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li7116152219914">Long query jobs</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__ldef0eb69efa7404ba3c18ccfdc671f6a">If the Cgroups function is properly loaded, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1268014288479">gs_cgroup -P</strong> command to view information about Cgroups.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p192091357195311">In the preceding prerequisites, enable_resource_track is a system-level parameter that specifies whether to enable resource monitoring. <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is a session-level parameter. You can set the resource monitoring level of a session as needed. The following table describes the values of the two parameters.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table874434715481"></a><a name="table874434715481"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table874434715481" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Setting the resource monitoring level to collect statistics</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row1782164764814"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.39%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p5821947134818">enable_resource_track</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.270000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p12821144724815">resource_track_level</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.830000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p108212047154815">Query-Level Information</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.509999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1821194714489">Operator-Level Information</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row2082115471488"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="30.39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1582314712480">on(default)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.270000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p88231547194811">none</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1682314744812">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.509999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p2823114724816">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row8823104754813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p15823104710485">query(default)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p78236476485">Collected</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1782312479480">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row1721717445116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p62171044151115">perf</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p17217164451112">Collected</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p16217124471113">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row128231477483"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p882394754817">operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p582317473486">Collected</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p58231247164818">Collected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__row1182384712487"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.39%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p19823114724815">off</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.270000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p148231647184820">none/query/operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p1882317479487">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.509999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__p19823174794812">Not collected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__sedaa25b8495d4cb9ab8805916ec54d43"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__o0e362c38e9114b84a7d726ebf9c31299"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__l3436d26fb27a4c0b99ef4871df1d1190"><span>Query for the real-time CPU information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1835482117489">gs_session_cpu_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__s5064e257bf524899811bc00deb24263e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_session_cpu_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__l5dadd686e5e54eea92acceb0453c06cc"><span>Query for the real-time memory information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b54545422478">gs_session_memory_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__s0a043415e5f24cbfa14b931c1cfae1cb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_session_memory_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__l546512205edb426780ce8a9d3afd6d45"><span>Query for the real-time resource information about the current CN in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b7800141244717">gs_wlm_session_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__saa5937f152e644e0bd3ebaf47805e1a5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__l1ec2d6e86b894dd3b1c2e8f9d318be89"><span>Query for the real-time resource information about all CNs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b7878851144612">pgxc_wlm_session_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__s27fee00824544e709ed0948738c5d511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_session_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li6506636184212"><span>Query for the real-time resource information about job operators on the current CN in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b35695198463">gs_wlm_operator_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__screen13508193611424"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_operator_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li16168124584215"><span>Query for the real-time resource information about job operators on all CNs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b6527657184514">pgxc_wlm_operator_statistics</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__screen102271236181310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_operator_statistics</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li6227153691312"><span>Query for the load management information about the jobs executed by the current user in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1942523435">PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__screen16280113181415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_session_wlmstat</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li1128041391410"><span>Query the job execution status of the current user on each CN in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b783008183417">pgxc_wlm_workload_records</strong> view (this view is available when the dynamic load function is enabled, that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b1283116873420">enable_dynamic_workload</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__b68319863417">on</strong>).</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__screen128010136142"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_workload_records</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0398.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0398.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Historical TopSQL</h1>
+<div id="body1500282066544"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p7863164612376">You can query historical Top SQL in historical resource monitoring views. The historical resource monitoring view records the resource usage (of memory, disk, CPU time, and I/O), running status (including errors, termination, and exceptions), and performance alarm information during job running. For queries that abnormally terminate due to FATAL or PANIC errors, their status is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b842352706163537">aborted</strong> and no detailed information is recorded. Status information about query parsing in the optimization phase cannot be monitored.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1926013415223">The following table describes the external interfaces of the historical views.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__table16116143418462" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row2269163474610"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p8269434174616">Level</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1926911343463">Monitored Node</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p122696344466">View</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row15269134174618"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="14.430000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p17165121416187">Query level/perf level</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="14.430000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p385934402014">Current CN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.57%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p727014342461">History (Database Manager interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.57%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p8270163474615"><a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row15270123412464"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p19270113416460">History (internal dump interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p427019342464"><a href="dws_04_0704.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row2270113412467"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p3794195252011">All CNs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p027017348469">History (Database Manager interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1427113346469"><a href="dws_04_0840.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row11271534194614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1527111343469">History (internal dump interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p4271133444611"><a href="dws_04_0839.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row142711834144613"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="14.430000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p5641135816206">Operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="14.430000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1064185814207">Current CN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.57%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p727117344462">History (Database Manager interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.57%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p12271203415461"><a href="dws_04_0702.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row6271234184616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p18271934114610">History (internal dump interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p6271334144617"><a href="dws_04_0701.html">GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row1227193424614"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1644106102115">All CNs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p1327133418468">History (Database Manager interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p16271123411461"><a href="dws_04_0836.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__row62710347467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p92711734144617">History (internal dump interface)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p727113346465"><a href="dws_04_0837.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__n7a9652a1f8594abf8cd88b657df7f214"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul12931465406"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li13474165412533">The view level is determined by the resource monitoring level, that is, the <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> configuration.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li16210812192213">The perf and operator levels affect the values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b41981618192813">query_plan</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b10198318152815">warning</strong> columns in <a href="dws_04_0706.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a>/<a href="dws_04_0839.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0446.html">SQL Self-Diagnosis</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1094246194016">Prefixes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b147861146156">gs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1278624141520">pgxc</strong> indicate views showing single CN information and those showing cluster information, respectively. Common users can log in to a CN in the cluster to query only views with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b09977810154">gs</strong> prefix.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1294164634014">You can query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b244024114515">gs_wlm_session_info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b12492024124517">gs_wlm_operator_info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b349172474515">pgxc_wlm_session_info</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8499245453">pgxc_wlm_operator_info</strong> views only after connecting to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b43231144133218"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8323194420324"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph1583963816503">gaussdb</span></strong> database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li59415465406">If instance fault occurs, some SQL statement information may fail to be recorded in historical resource monitoring views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1714310361278">In some abnormal cases, the status information column in the historical TopSQL may be displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1182527152713">unknown</strong>. The recorded monitoring information may be inaccurate.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li63372482446">The SQL statements that can be recorded in historical resource monitoring views are the same as those recorded in real-time resource monitoring views. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__li12942257154712">SQL statements recorded in real-time resource monitoring views</a>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__s3c059b5b05dd4bebba57605ec8476f1b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__u6076a0db22fd45cf953493a79d391e59"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__laa8cf480ef7849e8aa2f1857ab8696dd">The GUC parameter <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph191493139377">enable_resource_track</span> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b41491137377">on</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b41506135373">on</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li16371944105314">The GUC parameter <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b16542058203615">query</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1254275813367">perf</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8542158103615">operator</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b354215813617">query</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table874434715481">Table 2</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__l4975437a8a7c4b15b26bf01bc384631f">The GUC parameter <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph59442263017">enable_resource_record</span> is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__parmvalue1120321603715"><b>on</b></span>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b4203716193711">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1235581018551">The value of the <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section347574425112">resource_track_duration</a> parameter (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1307770062164858">60s</strong> by default) is less than the job execution time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li774512409428">Job monitoring rules are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul17721175018425"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__l4006578543744ff985fb7bb239b9459f">Jobs whose execution time recorded in the real-time resource monitoring view (see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462">Table 1</a>) is greater than or equal to <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section347574425112">resource_track_duration</a>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__l7a3a85df0fb34cde8108e3f5c8ca6c48">If the Cgroups function is properly loaded, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1268014288479">gs_cgroup -P</strong> command to view information about Cgroups.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li5787332589">This function will cause storage space expansion and slightly affect system performance. You are not advised to set it as a default system function.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__sf74c4e3849684455b8bdb513fe44153d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__o484ff66141cc45339e715330151ca368"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li41091322194215"><span>Query the load records of the current CN after its latest job is complete in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1996442636165442">gs_wlm_session_history</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen171108227421"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_history</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li17295131115432"><span>Query the load records of all the CNs after their latest job are complete in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b486383449">pgxc_wlm_session_history</strong> view.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen10295211144313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_session_history</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__lc2f30b2e9de54f8d8049fe3a294cbdc4"><span>Query the load records of the current CN through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b205481838123219">gs_wlm_session_info</strong> table after the task is complete. To query the historical records successfully, set <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph154412224314">enable_resource_record</span> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1841271114388">on</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__s099f65ceee3945659e035643d840f8a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__u7e1eea0451164ed9945c2e271d387873"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__l8a736cd1c10046a799db4b1e5088a697">Top 10 queries that consume the most memory (You can specify a query period.)</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__sc75f68237c6f4ce1b6af55e5eb993433"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_peak_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen118922411417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 21:00:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">finish_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 23:30:00'</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_peak_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__u0a39a1aa074248e7878354df0c2bc4f5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__lf8a9701475fb4fa7b7558f4dc9534417">Top 10 queries that consume the most CPU (You can specify a query period.)</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__s7462f6d202694b04bac950584563a731"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total_cpu_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen19705163132211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 21:00:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">finish_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 23:30:00'</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total_cpu_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__en-us_topic_0066854643_li47671568376"><span>Query for the load records of all the CNs after their jobs are complete in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1938262665217">pgxc_wlm_session_info</strong> view. To query the historical records successfully, set <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph394842303817">enable_resource_record</span> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b20948323153817">on</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__s83865760d3d5475bb9ff451092863e84"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_session_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul153931208413"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1939312204415">Query the top 10 queries that take up the most CN processing time (You can specify a query period.)</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen1489165916415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen18693118165818"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 21:00:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">finish_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="s1">'2022-05-15 23:30:00'</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">max_peak_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li294548102314"><span>Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1784710274387">pgxc_get_wlm_session_info_bytime</strong> function to filter and query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1585210279386">pgxc_wlm_session_info</strong> view. To query the historical records successfully, set <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph1645183563114">enable_resource_record</span> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b158533272383">on</strong>. You are advised to use this function if the view contains a large number of records.</span><p><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__note1331123503116"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__p18647195773116">A GaussDB(DWS) cluster uses the UTC time by default, which has an 8-hour time difference with the system time. Before queries, ensure that the database time is the same as the system time.</p>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul1750342133120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li950322112316">Return the queries started between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b10197307539">2019-09-10 15:30:00</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b04091951205315">2019-09-10 15:35:00</strong> on all CNs. For each CN, a maximum of 10 queries will be returned.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen55034215311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_wlm_session_info_bytime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'start_time'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-09-10 15:30:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-09-10 15:35:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul6535142964510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1535529194515">Return the queries ended between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b4772132314586">2019-09-10 15:30:00</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8774132316588">2019-09-10 15:35:00</strong> on all CNs. For each CN, a maximum of 10 queries will be returned.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen165800904518"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_wlm_session_info_bytime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'finish_time'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-09-10 15:30:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-09-10 15:35:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1011051711292"><span>Query the recent resource information of the job operators on the current CN in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b177612960162722">gs_wlm_operator_history</strong> view. Ensure that <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__en-us_topic_0058967547_b8423527061695">operator</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen41101617172918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_operator_history</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li175856393329"><span>Query the recent resource information of the job operators on all the CNs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b293841469">pgxc_wlm_operator_history</strong> view. Ensure that <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b177240199">operator</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen11586143918322"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_operator_history</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li10817527102115"><span>Query the recent resource information of the job operators on the current CN in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b842352706165733">gs_wlm_operator_info</strong> view. Ensure that <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1316415319384">operator</strong> and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph31631342113114">enable_resource_record</span> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b141641953183819">on</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen681815271213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_operator_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li48211027102110"><span>Query for the historical resource information of job operators on all the CNs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b11344144135219">pgxc_wlm_operator_info</strong> view. Ensure that <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1643601793910">operator</strong> and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ph343611175396">enable_resource_record</span> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b64371117163915">on</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__screen10821327162116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_operator_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__note1514925216314"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__ul2515175332318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li1515653202314">The number of data records that can be retained in the memory is limited, because certain memory is reserved. After a real-time query is complete, its information is imported to historical views and will be deleted when the information has been stored in the hash table in the memory for 3 minutes. The upper limit of records varies by view. For a query-level view, whether a record can be stored depends on the upper limit of records allowed by the memory at that time point. On each CN, the maximum number of real-time query-level records that can be stored in memory (default: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b69991417143317">5MB</strong>) is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b10171853315">max_session_realt_num</strong> (set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b3171893314">12850</strong> by default). The maximum number of historical records that can be stored in memory (default: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b7171817331">100MB</strong>) is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b202918173315">max_session_hist_num</strong> (set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b13351823317">137970</strong> by default). The average execution time of queries in a service system is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b16411893311">run_time</strong> (in the unit of s). The maximum number of concurrent jobs allowed by real-time views on each CN is: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b0518185338">num_realt_active</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1514185335">max_session_realt_num</strong>. The maximum number of concurrent jobs allowed by historical views on each CN is: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b660184337">num_hist_active</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b771118163318">max_session_hist_num</strong>/(<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b577181339">180</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b181718123315">run_time</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li114068515249">For operator-level views, whether a record can be stored depends on the upper limit allowed by the memory at that time point. If the number of plan nodes plus the number of records in the memory exceeds the upper limit, the record cannot be stored. On each CN, the maximum numbers of real-time and historical operator-level records that can be stored in the memory are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b1488733512350">max_oper_realt_num</strong> (set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8888173593514">56987</strong> by default) and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b10889235153510">max_oper_hist_num</strong> (set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b14890735193517">113975</strong> by default), respectively. The average number of plan nodes of a query is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b198911935193516">num_plan_node</strong>. Maximum number of concurrent tasks allowed by real-time views on each CN is: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b178911535103511">num_realt_active</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b78921335113511">max_oper_realt_num</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b4893335203514">num_plan_node</strong>. Maximum number of concurrent tasks allowed by historical views on each CN is: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b489310354351">num_hist_active</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b989373516352">max_oper_hist_num</strong>/(<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b108941435103519">180</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b17894735163511">run_time</strong>)/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b5895103519351">num_plan_node</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__li4607911142919">In high concurrency, ensure that the number of queries to be recorded does not exceed the maximum values set for query- and operator-level queries. You can modify the memory of the real-time query view by setting <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section4520191223820">session_statistics_memory</a> and the memory of the historical query view by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134588__b8489294332">session_history_memory</strong>. The memory size increases in direct proportion to the maximum number of queries that can be recorded.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0399.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0399.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">TopSQL Query Example</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p14501141133314">In this section, TPC-DS sample data is used as an example to describe how to query <a href="dws_04_0397.html">Real-time TopSQL</a> and <a href="dws_04_0398.html">Historical TopSQL</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_section1627655315"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Cluster Parameters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p64474816114">To query for historical or archived resource monitoring information about jobs of top SQLs, you need to set related GUC parameters first. The procedure is as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_ol960117812249"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14601208172419">Log in to the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span> management console.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li1601138192410">On the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b2262646141617">Cluster Management</strong> page, locate the required cluster and click the cluster name. The cluster details page is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li16601989248">Click the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b1279974711611">Parameter Modifications</strong> tab to view the values of cluster parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li860118142420">Set an appropriate value for parameter <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section347574425112">resource_track_duration</a> and click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b2793191434012">Save</strong>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_note9169125485712"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p017175465712">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b1874515911178">enable_resource_record</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b4745496175">on</strong>, storage space expansion may occur and thereby slightly affects the performance. Therefore, set is to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b1674613901720">off</strong> if record archiving is unnecessary.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li16028892418">Go back to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b1656381131718">Cluster Management</strong> page, click the refresh button in the upper right corner, and wait until the cluster parameter settings are applied.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_en-us_topic_0140534975_section174221944185912"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example for Querying for Top SQLs</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_en-us_topic_0140534975_p186608371168">The TPC-DS sample data is used as an example.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_ol20779153864119"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14779143874118"><span>Open the SQL client tool and connect to your database.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li117792387415"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b4969182913178">EXPLAIN</strong> statement to query for the estimated cost of the SQL statement to be executed to determine whether resources of the SQL statement will be monitored.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p37066481595">By default, only resources of a query whose execution cost is greater than the value (default: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b1280842619401">100000</strong>) of <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713">resource_track_cost</a> are monitored and can be queried by users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p438113151709">For example, run the following statements to query for the estimated execution cost of the SQL statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_en-us_topic_0140534975_screen139955232596"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SR_FEE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_returned_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TN'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_en-us_topic_0140534975_p12599144054617">In the following query result, the value in the first row of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b9292114517172">E-costs</strong> column is the estimated cost of the SQL statement.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_fig171661226568"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>EXPLAIN result</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_image65646164423" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001147735331.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p199011196384">In this example, to demonstrate the resource monitoring function of top SQLs, you need to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b14309155015403">resource_track_cost</strong> to a value smaller than the estimated cost in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b17316145020404">EXPLAIN</strong> result, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b8317850114012">100</strong>. For details about the parameter setting, see <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713">resource_track_cost</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_note173715154388"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p19373201543811">After completing this example, you still need to reset <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713">resource_track_cost</a> to its default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b81575102418">100000</strong> or a proper value. An overly small parameter value will compromise the database performance.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614"></a><span>Run SQL statements.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_screen147892395517"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SR_FEE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_returned_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_date_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TN'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li3779138184112"><span>During statement execution, query for the real-time memory peak information about the SQL statement on the current CN.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_screen156742117556"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">max_peak_memory</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">average_peak_memory</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">memory_skew_percent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_statistics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p367516113557">The preceding command queries for the real-time peak information at the query-level. The peak information includes the maximum memory peak among all DNs per second, average memory peak among all DNs per second, and memory usage skew across DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p156751416556">For more examples of querying for the real-time resource monitoring information of top SQLs, see <a href="dws_04_0397.html">Real-time TopSQL</a>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li187795386419"><span>Wait until the SQL statement execution in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614">3</a> is complete, and then query for the historical resource monitoring information of the statement.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_screen621513511477"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">finish_time</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">duration</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_history</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p22151651154716">The preceding command queries for the historical information at the query-level. The peak information includes the execution start time, execution duration (unit: ms), and execution status. The time unit is ms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p16215205111478">For more examples of querying for the historical resource monitoring information of top SQLs, see <a href="dws_04_0398.html">Historical TopSQL</a>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li16642121110506"><span>Wait for 3 minutes after the execution of the SQL statement in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614">3</a> is complete, query for the historical resource monitoring information of the statement in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b1873911610199">info</strong> view.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p1408101015527">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b19546121215193">enable_resource_record</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b254719122191">on</strong> and the execution time of the SQL statement in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_li14310524114614">3</a> is no less than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b95481012171910">resource_track_duration</strong>, historical information about the SQL statement will be archived to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b3549412181912">gs_wlm_session_info</strong> view 3 minutes after the execution of the SQL statement is complete.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_p184401035011">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_b3465172271914">info</strong> view can be queried only when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b16650181243319"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b065091213316"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__ph1583963816503">gaussdb</span></strong> database is connected. Therefore, switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b1219132417338"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__b1021916244330"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__ph8145143917129">gaussdb</span></strong> database before running the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100686066__en-us_topic_0000001082926861_en-us_topic_0156738790_screen3404144165219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">finish_time</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">duration</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_session_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">start_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0400.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0400.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e736097b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0400.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134458"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134458"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query Performance Optimization</h1>
+<div id="body1494318882616"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0402.html">Overview of Query Performance Optimization</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0970.html">Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0402.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0402.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d9144e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0402.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351105"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351105"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview of Query Performance Optimization</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351105__en-us_topic_0000001083024891_p8060118">The aim of SQL optimization is to maximize the utilization of resources, including CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network I/O. To maximize resource utilization is to run SQL statements as efficiently as possible to achieve the highest performance at a lower cost. For example, when performing a typical point query, you can use the seqscan and filter (that is, read every tuple and query conditions for match). You can also use an index scan, which can be implemented at a lower cost but achieve the same effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351105__en-us_topic_0000001083024891_p62395181571">This chapter describes how to analyze and improve query performance, and provides common cases and troubleshooting methods.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0403.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0403.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55efd126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0403.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974540"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974540"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query Analysis</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0409.html">Query Execution Process</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0410.html">Overview of the SQL Execution Plan</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0411.html">Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0412.html">Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0413.html">Checking Blocked Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0409.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0409.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4a332a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0409.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query Execution Process</h1>
+<div id="body0000001100671270"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_ab2aba6b2631a4f39993803c0d62d9b27">The process from receiving SQL statements to the statement execution by the SQL engine is shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_f80940097a2954477aa3804492a970ca9">Figure 1</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_tf8c00935fe1f49dbadbcda59ade2fb28">Table 1</a>. The texts in red are steps where database administrators can optimize queries.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_f80940097a2954477aa3804492a970ca9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_f80940097a2954477aa3804492a970ca9"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145894855_f80940097a2954477aa3804492a970ca9"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Execution process of query-related SQL statements by the SQL engine</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_iaca0fd1c26924153ab9fc443ff1f2345" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815059.png"></span></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_tf8c00935fe1f49dbadbcda59ade2fb28"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145894855_tf8c00935fe1f49dbadbcda59ade2fb28"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_tf8c00935fe1f49dbadbcda59ade2fb28" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Execution process of query-related SQL statements by the SQL engine</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_re8c4354e4d1040f3b42207b32bb98ce3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a36819f376381447a9a6403eef1b6210e">Procedure</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a94241fa6d3664e03aae47073fe2bf5c9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_rd4a39e97e23144d4acc0ed6f2228fff1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a5d8c46e49eb046279c8af186d02e6f47">1. Perform syntax and lexical parsing.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_aef7fa06e7b8642d095e1dc302c75d848">Converts the input SQL statements from the string data type to the formatted structure stmt based on the specified SQL statement rules.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_re01dc3f6249f428882e6ea0baa491557"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a37c4edb7e6a545f4a1a3c3e56ec90a98">2. Perform semantic parsing.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a5ac7908007ec4ecba32f682788485aef">Converts the formatted structure obtained from the previous step into objects that can be recognized by the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_r6ef7469946864d2085ed41f5d84576b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_ad779f6e8fe294f138e5a89b47e1be49a">3. Rewrite the query statements.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a88256a7477604378b7d1b950a6867f63">Converts the output of the last step into the structure that optimizes the query execution.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_rca3cd874ae034e6b9eeabb50aaa48b38"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_aab7d9d10d4d24fb08091bbb247655469">4. Optimize the query.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a162fcf4434e6476eacaa1d91bf641575">Determines the execution mode of SQL statements (the execution plan) based on the result obtained from the last step and the internal database statistics. For details about the impact of statistics and GUC parameters on query optimization (execution plan), see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_seba6e5b861784d30a426c3f8b464d756">Optimizing Queries Using Statistics</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_sd45492c661b74edea38db47f7641e549">Optimizing Queries Using GUC parameters</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_r1a5faab8dac54fbdae3295858d203299"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.400000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a0b7a6dcde4e24cc394bf21597538faab">5. Perform the query.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.6%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a0e28e525558548f2a33a09cd657fd800">Executes the SQL statements based on the execution path specified in the last step. Selecting a proper underlying storage mode improves the query execution efficiency. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_s1b84a2a8b5d9414c89efea23f12be975">Optimizing Queries Using the Underlying Storage</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_seba6e5b861784d30a426c3f8b464d756"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_seba6e5b861784d30a426c3f8b464d756"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145894855_seba6e5b861784d30a426c3f8b464d756"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimizing Queries Using Statistics</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a45ebfd2c1f954255a150c18e844e91c9">The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_text885003046">GaussDB(DWS)</span> optimizer is a typical Cost-based Optimization (CBO). By using CBO, the database calculates the number of tuples and the execution cost for each execution step under each execution plan based on the number of table tuples, column width, NULL record ratio, and characteristic values, such as distinct, MCV, and HB values, and certain cost calculation methods. The database then selects the execution plan that takes the lowest cost for the overall execution or for the return of the first tuple. These characteristic values are the statistics, which is the core for optimizing a query. Accurate statistics helps the planner select the most appropriate query plan. Generally, you can collect statistics of a table or that of some columns in a table using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b84235270619250">ANALYZE</strong>. You are advised to periodically execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b84235270619356">ANALYZE</strong> or execute it immediately after you modified most contents in a table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_sd45492c661b74edea38db47f7641e549"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_sd45492c661b74edea38db47f7641e549"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145894855_sd45492c661b74edea38db47f7641e549"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimizing Queries Using GUC parameters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_ac4f8c84f3c5f49d989fa9a09e5440e62">Optimizing queries aims to select an efficient execution mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a39f2b29945ca49789aed31926c65a5fa">Take the following statement as an example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_sa57d3bd3f24b47689f2832d57ebb755f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">inner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_acbaf39cc1b50422a9c90322d8651a925">During execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b842352706192149">customer inner join store_sales</strong>, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_text444012485">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports nested loop, merge join, and hash join. The optimizer estimates the result set value and the execution cost under each join mode based on the statistics of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b842352706192617">customer</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b842352706192622">store_sales</strong> tables and selects the execution plan that takes the lowest execution cost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a70602e40c8ae4780a655269c90c3d433">As described in the preceding content, the execution cost is calculated based on certain methods and statistics. If the actual execution cost cannot be accurately estimated, you need to optimize the execution plan by setting the GUC parameters.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_s1b84a2a8b5d9414c89efea23f12be975"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_s1b84a2a8b5d9414c89efea23f12be975"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145894855_s1b84a2a8b5d9414c89efea23f12be975"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimizing Queries Using the Underlying Storage</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a0baa1bc94c894ab796c956a3d0213461"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_text88633578">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports row- and column-based tables. The selection of an underlying storage mode strongly depends on specific customer business scenarios. You are advised to use column-store tables for computing service scenarios (mainly involving association and aggregation operations) and row-store tables for service scenarios, such as point queries and massive <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b84235270620144">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_b84235270620147">DELETE</strong> executions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a0b749ea9680744d8a3fd9488d424b8cc">Optimization methods of each storage mode will be described in details in the performance optimization chapter.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_s74434864f532492faf0bb7e2ec2d7beb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimizing Queries by Rewriting SQL Statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_adce92a1622164e0d96410d7249cb7739">Besides the preceding methods that improve the performance of the execution plan generated by the SQL engine, database administrators can also enhance SQL statement performance by rewriting SQL statements while retaining the original service logic based on the execution mechanism of the database and abundant practical experience.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671270__en-us_topic_0000001145894855_a66987d3963534a7abefed0e69e917650">This requires that the system administrators know the customer business well and have professional knowledge of SQL statements.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview of the SQL Execution Plan</h1>
+<div id="body0000001147351103"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_a1e0fa245530744908b4411c762439d3b">The SQL execution plan is a node tree, which displays detailed procedure when <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_text215991742">GaussDB(DWS)</span> runs an SQL statement. A database operator indicates one step.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_aca2729a5928e40c29e9b75c18f456aed">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706145225">EXPLAIN</strong> command to view the execution plan generated for each query by an optimizer. Explain outputs a row of information for each execution node, showing the basic node type and the expense estimate that the optimizer makes for executing the node. See <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_fea51e22e1a004029882c2b264b9075e4">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_fea51e22e1a004029882c2b264b9075e4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_fea51e22e1a004029882c2b264b9075e4"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098974940_fea51e22e1a004029882c2b264b9075e4"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>SQL execution plan example</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_iebe46d2ab25d43c2acc81c1a42640e0b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695169.jpg"></span></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_u8984d754562c407fa7f95beef88303ab"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l94d41b9829904e3a9f9e00a7d3c1a123">Nodes at the bottom level are scan nodes. They scan tables and return raw rows. The types of scan nodes (sequential scans and index scans) vary depending on the table access methods. Objects scanned by the bottom layer nodes may not be row-store data (not directly read from a table), such as VALUES clauses and functions that return rows, which have their own types of scan nodes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l61d560be339a4e9ba81d437bb1596aa1">If the query requires join, aggregation, sorting, or other operations on the raw rows, there will be other nodes above the scan nodes to perform these operations. In addition, there is more than one possible way to perform these operations, so different execution node types may be displayed here. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l64520351c7e84b72a61e741f1a7a2baa">The first row (the upper-layer node) estimates the total execution cost of the execution plan. This value indicates the value that the optimizer tries to minimize.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_s4923b1e02940419b9047c9af9e1fb4c1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Execution Plan Display Format</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_a562ccc14b21444f5814960102e83c2ac"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_text2007854486">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides four display formats: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706163854">normal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706163848">pretty</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706163858">summary</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270616392">run</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_u2f18dd73393d40fb8e43e9576ec3a6e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l137c1ab965184b41aefeb9871cf1c85a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270693855">normal</strong> indicates that the default printing format is used. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_fea51e22e1a004029882c2b264b9075e4">Figure 1</a> shows the display format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_lb2dc49cc36ff4f82b7b901d96074cea9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b673618517448">pretty</strong> indicates that the optimized display mode of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_text1859916170">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is used. A new format contains a plan node ID, directly and effectively analyzing performance. as shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_f38ec674913084bccbe6bad67c4bc8fee">Figure 2</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l1a5ba1959c0a4c38b4610ce6520b1469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270693923">summary</strong> indicates that the analysis result based on such information is printed in addition to the printed information in the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_en-us_topic_0059778871_b404011371162013">pretty</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_lf53f1b60e3df4e14bb27ef0711022564"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270694014">run</strong> indicates that in addition to the printed information specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b1580299207175059">summary</strong>, the database exports the information as a CSV file.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_f38ec674913084bccbe6bad67c4bc8fee"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_f38ec674913084bccbe6bad67c4bc8fee"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098974940_f38ec674913084bccbe6bad67c4bc8fee"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Example of an execution plan using the pretty format</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_image14875643161613" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815093.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_aae0ad96340e645eca237d0865ead8422">You can change the display format of execution plans by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706153639">explain_perf_mode</strong>. Later examples use the pretty format by default.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_s33a790a7a44c443a891756b54f7b030b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Execution Plan Information</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_a7071bf87821845cf8a3f77cd331a107c">In addition to setting different display formats for an execution plan, you can use different <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270615446">EXPLAIN</strong> syntax to display execution plan information in details. The following lists the common <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b93492176323">EXPLAIN</strong> syntax. For details, see EXPLAIN.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_u0247f55773834ef6ac2156e0257869fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_lf2b8ec64529f44a29493f776e45098ca">EXPLAIN <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_i899108806163022">statement</em>: only generates an execution plan and does not execute. The <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_i842352697164752">statement</em> indicates SQL statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_lf45aac639fe44ed2a1467391a8e5e054">EXPLAIN ANALYZE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_i1361122679163048">statement</em>: generates and executes an execution plan, and displays the execution summary. Then actual execution time statistics are added to the display, including the total elapsed time expended within each plan node (in milliseconds) and the total number of rows it actually returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_l10659f0ae8c24e50b11e0587adecd74b">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_i100039264164145">statement</em>: generates and executes the execution plan, and displays all execution information.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_ac60e6a1b4bb4419aac6799b4eca2c3f8">To measure the run time cost of each node in the execution plan, the current execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b372029376173110">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b372029376173121">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> adds profiling overhead to query execution. Running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b2080892317173155">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b1900799391173155">PERFORMANCE</strong> on a query sometimes takes longer time than executing the query normally. The amount of overhead depends on the nature of the query, as well as the platform being used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_p157271209356">Therefore, if an SQL statement is not finished after being running for a long time, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b842352706165627">EXPLAIN</strong> statement to view the execution plan and then locate the fault. If the SQL statement has been properly executed, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270611336">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b84235270611348">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> statement to check the execution plan and information to locate the fault.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_ae40387b875ea495b8e22a740cf58725a">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b5516113013557">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> lightweight execution is consistent with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103__en-us_topic_0000001098974940_b1427514520559">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> but greatly reduces the time spent on performance analysis.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Deep Dive on the SQL Execution Plan</h1>
+<div id="body0000001147151251"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a57a399ef01424dc6b4c9af0592d8ff42">As described in <a href="dws_04_0410.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351103">Overview of the SQL Execution Plan</a>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211342">EXPLAIN</strong> displays the execution plan, but will not actually run SQL statements. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211355">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211359">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> both will actually run SQL statements and return the execution information. In this section, detailed execution plan and execution information are described.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s94ac9b9e142d4be28d0288e0f3ba4a64"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s94ac9b9e142d4be28d0288e0f3ba4a64"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s94ac9b9e142d4be28d0288e0f3ba4a64"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Execution Plan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p31291646">The following SQL statement is used as an example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s0d89f7549a7945d4876f7f869f209bc2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">cjxh</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dwcjk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cjxh</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p20084682">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211534">EXPLAIN</strong> command and the output is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p143836336285"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image614715031512" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814971.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p16246551"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706101942">Interpretation of the execution plan column (horizontal)</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u96d8dddd9ead4c319fbf466ac68b270a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l12af9781b63b4718bbfe6c0942ffd571">Id: execution operator node ID</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l1a727d3080fd4c9fa988168dfdcf96a0">operation: execution node operator name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a4ec54f2172f74922ae6638aec3e984fc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l1a727d3080fd4c9fa988168dfdcf96a0"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l1a727d3080fd4c9fa988168dfdcf96a0"></a>The operator of the Vector prefix refers to a vectorized execution engine operator, which exists in a query containing a column-store table.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a9feddcd1e3324aa0847152b6a338fff2">Streaming is a special operator. It implements the core data shuffle function of the distributed architecture. Streaming has three types, which correspond to different data shuffle functions in the distributed architecture: <ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u2d126cd6129b4d90981683c92d6367d7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lb0e06f28a67c43829119b126b66f6dec">Streaming (type: GATHER): The CN collects data from DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l0599649eec42403c8965603a17297546">Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE): Data is redistributed to all the DNs based on selected columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l55116b73aa94491ea6bb763df3ed5402">Streaming(type: BROADCAST): Data on the current DN is broadcast to other DNs.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lad98e8f068c741f3800c34ccd83f6d07">E-rows: indicates the number of rows estimated by each operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li12471196179">E-memory: indicates the estimated memory used by each operator on a DN. Only operators executed on DNs are displayed. In certain scenarios, the memory upper limit enclosed in parentheses will be displayed following the estimated memory usage.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li1694415916435">E-width: indicates the estimated width of tuples provided by each operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ld4003350394d4cbfa2ed1751cea0abde">E-costs: indicates the execution cost estimated by each operator.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u7d7dc8a9630148cda1a3b838f806961f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l7065c514cc7340faa03ec471502e8b29">E-costs are defined by the optimizer based on cost parameters, habitually grasping disk page as a unit. Other overhead parameters are set by referring to E-costs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lbc67195f252a43389558ede88a844735">The cost of each node (the E-costs value) includes the cost of all of its child nodes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ldbf2599bdf81488aa1dc9e5e0040fdba">Overhead reflects only what the optimizer is concerned about, but does not consider the time that the result row passed to the client. Although the time may play a very important role in the actual total time, it is ignored by the optimizer, because it cannot be changed by modifying the plan.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p47145209"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706115617">Interpretation of the execution plan level (vertical)</strong>:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_ol21653700"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li7715150">Layer 1: CStore Scan on dwcjk<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p2327487"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li7715150"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li7715150"></a>The table scan operator scans the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b19141442532">dwcjk</strong> using Cstore Scan. The function of this layer is to read data in the table dwcjk from the buffer or disks, or transfers it to the upper-layer node to participate in the calculation.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li20947391">Layer 2: Vector Hash Aggregate<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p54308798"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li20947391"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li20947391"></a>Aggregation operators are used to perform aggregation operations (group by) on operators calculated from the lower layer.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li19017142">Layer 3: Vector Streaming (type: GATHER)<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p36936550"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li19017142"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li19017142"></a>The GATHER-typed Shuffle operator aggregates data from DNs to the CN.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li63993496">Layer 4: Row Adapter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p39070558"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li63993496"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li63993496"></a>Storage format conversion operator is used to convert data in columns of the memory to data in rows for client display.</p>
+</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p60665573">It should be noted that when operators in the top layer are Data Node Scan, you need to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270621543">enable_fast_query_shipping</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270621550">off</strong> to view detailed execution plan as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p1314463642717"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image72410371279" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975108.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p9119245">After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270621939">enable_fast_query_shipping</strong> is set, the execution plan is displayed as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p582323702814"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image1778663815289" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695045.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_aa3cbd346131544b782f695cde46650e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270621341">Keywords in the execution plan</strong>:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_o76f345c2b09242b7b2f9bffd1d20bb4e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lae36a75671464837b12c8e055f5eae6d">Table access modes<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u8eb4d57bbde64d8dbd17e1028b6d3ca3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_le8312e6b64b24c45a8fec477efda0d5f">Seq Scan<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a0ecb6cc41e984e0ba01f03447c2205c9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_le8312e6b64b24c45a8fec477efda0d5f"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_le8312e6b64b24c45a8fec477efda0d5f"></a>Scans all rows of the table in sequence.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_laac765e4fa5141b4851202d0cd4c8acc">Index Scan<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a3a064996fbe74355b5063035740c1af1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_laac765e4fa5141b4851202d0cd4c8acc"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_laac765e4fa5141b4851202d0cd4c8acc"></a>The optimizer uses a two-step plan: the child plan node visits an index to find the locations of rows matching the index condition, and then the upper plan node actually fetches those rows from the table itself. Fetching rows separately is much more expensive than reading them sequentially, but because not all pages of the table have to be visited, this is still cheaper than a sequential scan. The upper-layer planning node first sort the location of index identifier rows based on physical locations before reading them. This minimizes the independent capturing overhead.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a0105897789304f40a564dd479d308e87">If there are separate indexes on multiple columns referenced in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706145934">WHERE</strong>, the optimizer might choose to use an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b8423527061504">AND</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b8423527061506">OR</strong> combination of the indexes. However, this requires the visiting of both indexes, so it is not necessarily a win compared to using just one index and treating the other condition as a filter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_afba26adf32f04d25b4ec4c31d3c64c4d">The following Index scans featured with different sorting mechanisms are involved:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u2d3b01fd8f884313987f77a048991223"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l2b5bf1251075498d8302f4e869b12e36">Bitmap Index Scan<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a9446d5b49f914600aa2c704ff92bcc1c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l2b5bf1251075498d8302f4e869b12e36"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l2b5bf1251075498d8302f4e869b12e36"></a>Fetches data pages using a bitmap.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8a28e37c1de84f0293007259546bb592">Index Scan using index_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a3c73806451a24e45925c307dec7c6fa7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8a28e37c1de84f0293007259546bb592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8a28e37c1de84f0293007259546bb592"></a>Fetches table rows in index order, which makes them even more expensive to read. However, there are so few rows that the extra cost of sorting the row locations is unnecessary. This plan type is used mainly for queries fetching just a single row and queries having an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706152916">ORDER BY</strong> condition that matches the index order, because no extra sorting step is needed to satisfy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b83920482185757">ORDER BY</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lb05747f9f05c473aa1e6aa79319d5808">Table connection modes<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ufb2072b1c81c4ad88d9a2c91bb9d4aa7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lc0e9b4a4e4004e06a52b1abbc98ca1ec">Nested Loop<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a58085128d70d45a9955ff7f6ce0f57bc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lc0e9b4a4e4004e06a52b1abbc98ca1ec"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lc0e9b4a4e4004e06a52b1abbc98ca1ec"></a>Nested-loop is used for queries that have a smaller data set connected. In a Nested-loop join, the foreign table drives the internal table and each row returned from the foreign table should have a matching row in the internal table. The returned result set of all queries should be less than 10,000. The table that returns a smaller subset will work as a foreign table, and indexes are recommended for connection fields of the internal table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ld83aaa5508044918abea77b036d0a7e9">(Sonic) Hash Join<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ae3bf89ab420748dbab4fb6bd63d7d435"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ld83aaa5508044918abea77b036d0a7e9"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ld83aaa5508044918abea77b036d0a7e9"></a>A Hash join is used for large tables. The optimizer uses a hash join, in which rows of one table are entered into an in-memory hash table, after which the other table is scanned and the hash table is probed for matches to each row. Sonic and non-Sonic hash joins differ in their hash table structures, which do not affect the execution result set.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8ebe3dedb2944aceb6a2d3f707315995">Merge Join<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p6579547415"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8ebe3dedb2944aceb6a2d3f707315995"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l8ebe3dedb2944aceb6a2d3f707315995"></a>In a merge join, data in the two joined tables is sorted by join columns. Then, data is extracted from the two tables to a sorted table for matching.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p95791741413">Merge join requires more resources for sorting and its performance is lower than that of hash join. If the source data has been sorted, it does not need to be sorted again when merge join is performed. In this case, the performance of merge join is better than that of hash join.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l0b3070943a38460fadcb86510bd3017d">Operators<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_u0b6c52180e994c41a43cf547af288fca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l6f1e4ac08339420283d7417d050b796b">sort<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_adff25721e4404736a47151106de18959"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l6f1e4ac08339420283d7417d050b796b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l6f1e4ac08339420283d7417d050b796b"></a>Sorts the result set.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lcd69e551f8b540ce829f5056d9b78389">filter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_a4551ceacaeaa4f6f839aa737d92e4abc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lcd69e551f8b540ce829f5056d9b78389"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_lcd69e551f8b540ce829f5056d9b78389"></a>The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155149">EXPLAIN</strong> output shows the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155158">WHERE</strong> clause being applied as a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270615525">Filter</strong> condition attached to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155258">Seq Scan</strong> plan node. This means that the plan node checks the condition for each row it scans, and returns only the ones that meet the condition. The estimated number of output rows has been reduced because of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270615546">WHERE</strong> clause. However, the scan will still have to visit all 10000 rows. As a result, the cost is not decreased. It increases a bit (by 10000 x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155549">cpu_operator_cost</strong>) to reflect the extra CPU time spent on checking the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155610">WHERE</strong> condition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l3064bbee9cd146fc826c47149f62b89b">LIMIT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ac59849b0a4054fc58ff86a0919aefc95"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l3064bbee9cd146fc826c47149f62b89b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l3064bbee9cd146fc826c47149f62b89b"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706155826">LIMIT</strong> limits the number of output execution results. If a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b8423527061608">LIMIT</strong> condition is added, not all rows are retrieved.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s3b5cfb0b18e2446d958205654a53bacb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Task Execution</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p15817070">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211412">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211425">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> to check the SQL statement execution information and compare the actual execution and the optimizer's estimation to find what to optimize. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706171451">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> provides the execution information on each DN, whereas <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270616449">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> does not.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p8135907">The following SQL statement is used as an example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s16c34949e08f4aa8b0bc4940b50c38da"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tb1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p55028720">The output of running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b84235270621174">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p934773943014"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image9293340143013" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135094.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p620411221209"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image16618552205" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655292.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p8286171312313"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image531015149236" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895093.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p8272174322312"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_image8263744112319" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815108.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p51945267">This figure shows that the execution information can be classified into the following 7 aspects.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_ol64854219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li61304253">The plan is displayed as a table, which contains 11 columns: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b128683554418">id</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b629113524412">operation</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1129193564412">A-time</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b192911358443">A-rows</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b13292153520449">E-rows</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1029243554414">E-distinct</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b172921835114413">Peak Memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b6292143574414">E-memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1292173520442">A-width</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b32921335114413">E-width</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b13292143524410">E-costs</strong>. The definition of the plan-type columns (columns started with id, operation, or some started with E) is the same as that of running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706211958">EXPLAIN</strong>. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_s94ac9b9e142d4be28d0288e0f3ba4a64">Execution Plan</a> (execution plan) in the section. The definition of A-time, A-rows, E-distinct, Peak Memory, and A-width are described as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ubb485e96eff341e6be427c93f274b0d9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li1621544103417">A-time: indicates the execution completion time of the current operator. Generally, the A-time of the operator executed on the DN is two values enclosed by square brackets ([]), indicating the shortest time and longest time for completing the operator on all DNs, respectively.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li411613530347">A-rows: indicates the number of tuples provided by the current operator</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li19882104334712">E-distinct: indicates the estimated distinct value of the hashjoin operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_l945fe5fa909e4b2f98ebf908d1b3d042">Peak Memory: indicates the peak memory usage of an operator on each DN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li1069215810349">A-width: indicates that the current operator tuple actual width of each line. This parameter is valid only for the heavy memory operator is displayed, including: (Vec)HashJoin, (Vec)HashAgg, (Vec) HashSetOp, (Vec)Sort, and (Vec)Materialize operator. The (Vec)HashJoin calculation of width is the width of the right subtree operator, it will be displayed in the right subtree.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li35632012">Predicate Information (identified by plan id):<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p52252659"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li35632012"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li35632012"></a>This part displays the static information that does not change during the plan execution process, such as some join conditions and filter information.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li511887">Memory Information (identified by plan id):<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p4606985"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li511887"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li511887"></a>This part displays the memory usage information printed by certain operators (mainly Hash and Sort), including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1210919464914">peak memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b3939549590">control memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1045220511498">operator memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b176251523916">width</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b1711115416911">auto spread num</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b9906185510910">early spilled</strong>; and spill details, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b123061531584">spill Time(s)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b72800431784">inner/outer partition spill num</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b925304712819">temp file num</strong>, split data volume, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b11871192415911">written disk IO [</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_i1773019265916">min, max</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b19641527496">]</strong>. The Sort operator does not display the number of files written to disks, and displays disks only when displaying sorting methods.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li277894310493">Targetlist Information (identified by plan id):<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p339115524916"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li277894310493"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li277894310493"></a>This part displays the target columns provided by each operator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li41462866">DataNode Information (identified by plan id):<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p37621475"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li41462866"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li41462866"></a>This part displays the execution time of each operator (including the execution time of filtering and projection, if any), CPU usage, and buffer usage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li201712497517">User Define Profiling:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_p775114012520"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li201712497517"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li201712497517"></a>This part displays CNs and DNs, DN and DN connection time, and some execution information in the storage layer.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li3048957">====== Query Summary =====:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_p27440617"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li3048957"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145814375_en-us_topic_0073548188_li3048957"></a>The total execution time and network traffic, including the maximum and minimum execution time in the initialization and end phases on each DN, initialization, execution, and time in the end phase on each CN, and the system available memory during the current statement execution, and statement estimation memory information.</p>
+</li></ol>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_note2968182711352"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_ul19632205362"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li166322001368">The difference between A-rows and E-rows shows the deviation between the optimizer estimation and actual execution. Generally, if the deviation is large, the plan generated by the optimizer is untrusted, and you need to modify the deviation value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li16632190163618">If the difference of the A-time values is large, it indicates that the operator computing skew (difference between execution time on DNs) is large and that manual performance tuning is required. Generally, for two adjacent operators, the execution time of the upper-layer operator includes that of the lower-layer operator. However, if the upper-layer operator is a stream operator, its execution time may be less than that of the lower-layer operator, as there is no driving relationship between threads.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_li463217013369"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706213557">Max Query Peak Memory</strong> is often used to estimate the consumed memory of SQL statements, and is also used as an important basis for setting a memory parameter during SQL statement optimization. Generally, the output from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706213155">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151251__en-us_topic_0000001145814375_b842352706213158">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> is provided for the input for further optimization.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Querying SQL Statements That Affect Performance Most</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__p66522913503">This section describes how to query SQL statements whose execution takes a long time, leading to poor system performance.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s96b20407a6b448938ac41f358a482f53"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__o3bb7600b015f47ec9fab7464df6c61f7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__l4724b1730f2c47469dc22a7ea62487c3"><span>Query the statements that are run for a long time in the database.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s3f6201fcf40a44dd807c33aae2cad3b1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">runtime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'idle'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__a40eee443f2044ca5bc034e9803d72b9c">After the query, query statements are returned as a list, ranked by execution time in descending order. The first result is the query statement that has the longest execution time in the system. The returned result contains the SQL statement invoked by the system and the SQL statement run by users. Find the statements that were run by users and took a long time.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__a710ea85d6ee2441081fcdb98b9c4d714">Alternatively, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b84235270610159">current_timestamp - query_start</strong> to be greater than a threshold to identify query statements that are executed for a duration longer than this threshold.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s8fa5a4c9c0a24e1da861ae3437f606b8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__l9a276ec66df4428994cad17f396ebf8d"><span>Set the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b84235270617325">track_activities</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b84235270617331">on</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s7f714c8906d9408497b45a15cec92a74"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">track_activities</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__ae4efd09f0f33450a969acc89dcf45a1e">The database collects the running information about active queries only if the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b842352706102059">on</strong>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__l67f14c9d551742289424df274d1f6daf"><span>View the running query statements.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__a1af9d10bf9b64be3a3a9af29c53e3977">Viewing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b84235270610275">pg_stat_activity</strong> is used as an example here.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s128a693f6a494e09bf130e2f983befee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+---------+--------+</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">omm</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idle</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">omm</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">active</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__ab98749725d734d8fa566d4295f788bb4">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b84235270617455">state</strong> column is idle, the connection is idle and requires a user to enter a command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__ae23853bc83c24303b03fc4a83a6adba7">To identify only active query statements, run the following command:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__sc60496ad01044b00b4aea82e956d020d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'idle'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__l1e56caf6c0934fe7b822cff9168bf820"><span>Analyze the status of the query statements that were run for a long time.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__ubc1d52ca5ca54381a9d8d009b356492f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__l4cc14fc77a21403bbccc687706eb61ab">If the query statement is normal, wait until the execution is complete.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__le1a6c6a89c7b45448e5b24637389eaa0">If a query statement is blocked, run the following command to view this query statement:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__s78d88865acf345d9a82dd82e8b280f79"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">waiting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__aaf8b87891abb484c877b6dc39ed344bf">The command output lists a query statement in the block state. The lock resource requested by this query statement is occupied by another session, so this query statement is waiting for the session to release the lock resource.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__n15fc842441364934a145ca59fc26e81f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__aa99d1e5dd808426aa65971ec0d158f8c">Only when the query is blocked by internal lock resources, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b842352706111225">waiting</strong> field is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b842352706111228">true</strong>. In most cases, block happens when query statements are waiting for lock resources to be released. However, query statements may be blocked because they are waiting to write in files or for timers. Such blocked queries are not displayed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694957__b842352706112114">pg_stat_activity</strong> view.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0413.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0413.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c872672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0413.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Checking Blocked Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__p451719935116">During database running, query statements are blocked in some service scenarios and run for an excessively long time. In this case, you can forcibly terminate the faulty session.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__s68867044a3144d86956a446e59853e7e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__o0cd80be2203046cdba73c813bd95aba4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__lb2c84b7e000449cc80478b467ae3bd47"><span>View blocked query statements and information about the tables and schemas that block the query statements.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__s644ea2c1c64a46acac9abcdbfaeaf9b6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">waiting_query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w_pid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w_user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">locking_query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_pid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">schemaname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_locks</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">granted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_locks</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">granted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_user_tables</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">waiting</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__af7ac5c321d0e45ed987fe479170f937b">The thread ID, user information, query status, as well as information about the tables and schemas that block the query statements are returned.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__l1c3de51cc2474cfa96e3ddc987fb6706"><span>Run the following command to terminate the required session, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__b842352706171354">139834762094352</strong> is the thread ID:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__sb940a2a6d9224b93b84aab3dc1812713"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_TERMINATE_BACKEND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">139834762094352</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__a9d731ea17e6a4267bd47295d9ecf2a2e">If information similar to the following is displayed, the session is successfully terminated:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__s81a6245f5e13450381076dcebb8cdfb7"> PG_TERMINATE_BACKEND
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__a31483faeea4b4fa8968def6662a5f064">If a command output similar to the following is displayed, a user is attempting to terminate the session, and the session will be reconnected rather than being terminated.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__s8fa773c629434a8493eff3e3ba560e13">FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command
+FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command
+The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: Succeeded.</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__nfd68e3a7ba1a4a408560d921245e256a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__a6d58b1087698456c89827276d225583b">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654732__b842352706143550">PG_TERMINATE_BACKEND</strong> function is used to terminate the background threads of the session, the gsql client will be reconnected rather than be logged out.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0403.html">Query Analysis</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0430.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0430.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4a41bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0430.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814782"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814782"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query Improvement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0435.html">Optimization Process</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0436.html">Updating Statistics</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0452.html">Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0453.html">Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0466.html">Routinely Maintaining Tables</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0467.html">Routinely Recreating an Index</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0435.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0435.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56e22b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0435.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimization Process</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__a86561fa71cf14804b9ed8fc06790689e">You can analyze slow SQL statements to optimize them.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__sea0d5bdd8109481c913e286f38deef53"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__o44fc58fc08fe4f04b3adfcb43d53ba61"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__l756637b1af8f4335bddbf39ac9abf1fa"><span>Collect all table statistics associated with the SQL statements. In a database, statistics indicate the source data of a plan generated by a planner. If statistics are unavailable or out of date, the execution plan may seriously deteriorate, leading to low performance. According to past experience, about 10% performance problem occurred because no statistics are collected. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0436.html">Updating Statistics</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__l2bc915738d194d7f800ec9c38eb3af30"><span>View the execution plan to find out the cause. If the SQL statements have been running for a long period of time and not ended, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__b84235270611218">EXPLAIN</strong> command to view the execution plan and then locate the fault. If the SQL statement has been executed, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__b84235270611336">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__b84235270611348">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong> command to check the execution plan and actual running situation and then accurately locate the fault. </span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__l6899c0ec820747c695f3836c18141daa"><span><a href="dws_04_0437.html">Review and modify the table definition.</a></span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__ledf74227e3d94eae9aa24a55c7edbc77"><span>For details about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__b84235270611628">EXPLAIN</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__b84235270611638">EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE</strong>, the reason why SQL statements are slowly located, and how to solve this problem, see <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__l37cf5063940a45748e7bbaeba4f82fa2"><span>Generally, some SQL statements can be converted to its equivalent statements in all or certain scenarios by rewriting queries. SQL statements are simpler after they are rewritten. Some execution steps can be simplified to improve the performance. The query rewriting method is universal in all databases. <a href="dws_04_0452.html">Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements</a> describes several optimization methods by rewriting SQL statements.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__li18523295242"><span>Specify a join order; join, stream, or scan operations; number of rows in a result; or redistribution skew information to optimize an execution plan, improving query performance. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__li6841417125714"><span>To maintain high database performance, you are advised to perform <a href="dws_04_0466.html">Routinely Maintaining Tables</a> and <a href="dws_04_0467.html">Routinely Recreating an Index</a>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__li35851271826"><span>(Optional) Improve performance by using operators if resources are sufficient in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814484__ph1692512422530">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0473.html">SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions</a>.</span></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0436.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0436.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3e4bbbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0436.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Updating Statistics</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p78113337546">In a database, statistics indicate the source data of a plan generated by a planner. If no collection statistics are available or out of date, the execution plan may seriously deteriorate, leading to low performance.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__s3e9d960cc5b64d838fb0c5e268872abf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p9599144717409">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b84235270611236">ANALYZE</strong> statement collects statistic about table contents in databases, which will be stored in the system table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b66748299">PG_STATISTIC</strong>. Then, the query optimizer uses the statistics to work out the most efficient execution plan.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p41451454144012">After executing batch insertion and deletions, you are advised to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706165842">ANALYZE</strong> statement on the table or the entire library to update statistics. By default, 30,000 rows of statistics are sampled. That is, the default value of the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706174552">default_statistics_target</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706174556">100</strong>. If the total number of rows in the table exceeds 1,600,000, you are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706174638">default_statistics_target</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706174645">-2</strong>, indicating that 2% of the statistics are collected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__aea6d99cadd0c43d9a204a39d42556b1d">For an intermediate table generated during the execution of a batch script or stored procedure, you also need to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b59965843211354">ANALYZE</strong> statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p83021639060">If there are multiple inter-related columns in a table and the conditions or grouping operations based on these columns are involved in the query, collect statistics about these columns so that the query optimizer can accurately estimate the number of rows and generate an effective execution plan.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__s7ffb94e0143e40dcaa62026359ad5efd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__a4d7688e421944535bc39b0f8cdb9647c">Run the following commands to update the statistics about a table or the entire database:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__s1e99d92eeaf646c584d59b62cd26d3a6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="c1">--Update statistics about a table.</span>
+<span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                  </span><span class="c1">---Update statistics about the entire database.</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p93142485261">Run the following statements to perform statistics-related operations on multiple columns:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__screen2033246152712"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">column_1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="c1">--Collect statistics about column_1 and column_2 of tablename.</span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">column_1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">--Declare statistics about column_1 and column_2 of tablename.</span>
+<span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                               </span><span class="c1">--Collect statistics about one or more columns.</span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">column_1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Delete statistics about column_1 and column_2 of tablename or their statistics declaration.</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__note121972410486"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p1721912414488">After the statistics are declared for multiple columns by running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b16349578249">ALTER TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__i189157082518">tablename</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b149010518250">ADD STATISTICS</strong> statement, the system collects the statistics about these columns next time <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b76462160273">ANALYZE</strong> is performed on the table or the entire database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__p165891028115916">To collect the statistics, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b15620312288">ANALYZE</strong> statement.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__n344429db385046788a06702e8a8e981a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__a6b3051fc67274e60833bf578622098ab">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706154058">EXPLAIN</strong> to show the execution plan of each SQL statement. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706154428">rows=10</strong> (the default value, probably indicating the table has not been analyzed) is displayed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b84235270615448">SEQ SCAN</strong> output of a table, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974988__b842352706154516">ANALYZE</strong> statement for this table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0437.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0437.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44e151ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0437.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134612"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134612"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0438.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0439.html">Selecting a Storage Model</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0440.html">Selecting a Distribution Mode</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0441.html">Selecting a Distribution Column</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0442.html">Using Partial Clustering</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0443.html">Using Partitioned Tables</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0444.html">Selecting a Data Type</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0438.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0438.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..290f5b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0438.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</h1>
+<div id="body1536646420232"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__aaecf81fc3e5c4bb0994e03744ac40898">In a distributed framework, data is distributed on DNs. Data on one or more DNs is stored on a physical storage device. To properly define a table, you must:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__o150a9d6062844a98be2847fc15639453"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__le17aea1509e741ae98ededeecb7518ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b842352706204622">Evenly distribute data on each DN</strong> to avoid the available capacity decrease of a cluster caused by insufficient storage space of the storage device associated with a DN. Specifically, select a proper distribution key to avoid data skew.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__l6bd2cce7739545cdbb5aab0b065838d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b84235270621021">Evenly assign table scanning tasks on each DN</strong> to avoid that a DN is overloaded by the table scanning tasks. Specifically, do not select columns in the equivalent filter of a base table as the distribution key.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__leab523f5a3b54591bbf3d50b9b42209e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__en-us_topic_0076211989_en-us_topic_0071158044_b976457">Reduce the data volume scanned</strong> by using the partition pruning mechanism.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__lc8342b3efbaa40f3b65bfb2546e5bd84"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b842352706211330">Avoid the use of random I/O</strong> by using clustering or partial clustering.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__ldf22f2ef03284d2aab0b01714e3504be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b84235270621167">Avoid data shuffle</strong> to reduce the network pressure by selecting the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b12816112055414">join-condition</strong> column or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__b126748165542">group by</strong> column as the distribution column.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__a14e12065f8794bc38c23d9ac7a665315">The distribution column is the core for defining a table. The following figure shows the procedure of defining a table. The table definition is created during the database design and is reviewed and modified during the SQL statement optimization.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__f517dfe25e4a54b85bbd72aa421728ea4"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Procedure of defining a table</span><br><span><img class="vsd" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134938__ida852153e8d642549ca959ced0ec7e62" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655390.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0439.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0439.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50d69263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0439.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Selecting a Storage Model</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__p6119135741818">During database design, some key factors about table design will greatly affect the subsequent query performance of the database. Table design affects data storage as well. Scientific table design reduces I/O operations and minimizes memory usage, improving the query performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__aa4c419203eda43b7be7515d4e3f57af5">Selecting a model for table storage is the first step of table definition. Select a proper storage model for your service based on the following table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__tdd711f88b635407a83b9a7758cc94187" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__ra6067813e3174a49a05c16bc762f4ed2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.65%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__a1f11c78a50bc47b88d46bb89484147b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__b84235270615839">Storage Model</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.35000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__adc72be9fdedb43a3aad1af790e130399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__b84235270615836">Application Scenario</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__r3e1c3a225f73425ea75afb4fc60794fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__aac2052863cca4421bf94baffdfc6ef9c">Row storage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.35000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__ac36a27bb8bd64788a55c7a7e51b5eaf6">Point query (simple index–based query that returns only a few records).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__a7bae6c5e703e4e88b9e22031a7c88e60">Query involving many <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__b626814181111">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__b62681912112">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__b102688121110">DELETE</strong> operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__r8d03bca38009479a9a2e9ca8653729a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__a88bc67a4a113417398fef07677a0c8b8">Column storage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.35000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694991__a29c1ec3474b74854a9f5b354c54e66f0">Statistics analysis query, in which operations, such as group and join, are performed many times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0440.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0440.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfee328e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0440.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Selecting a Distribution Mode</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a3cb42941caa14e7d90c1514d5784c49f">In replication mode, full data in a table is copied to each DN in the cluster. This mode is used for tables containing a small volume of data. Full data in a table stored on each DN avoids data redistribution during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__b158731457424">JOIN</strong> operation. This reduces network costs and plan segments (each with a thread), but generates much redundant data. Generally, replication is only used for small dimension tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a5538e758bfce4758adf4688e5d436fd6">In hash mode, hash values are generated for one or more columns. You can obtain the storage location of a tuple based on the mapping between DNs and the hash values. In a hash table, I/O resources on each node can be used for data read/write, which greatly accelerates the read/write of a table. Generally, a table containing a large amount of data is defined as a hash table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__t96d578ad8418495b9f89d5660dfc18d8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__r6d47328d94bc47a19c573843c94381e0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.93%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a5f63996a0e7f41f5b205102c837b2c46">Policy</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.74%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__af83b45faa3354bddbdcb2670513e5122">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__ae2ac075156d846fcbee19d34da7337dc">Scenario</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__rf0a00b3c5077429db9fa9a46e0031298"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__ad559b18c7b8348b39f6ef201bc392045">Hash</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.74%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__aa231150682484df396a1a63cb522fba1">Table data is distributed on all DNs in the cluster.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__aa876866ab9cf47bf9b4954c1ac9e7dfa">Fact tables containing a large amount of data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__r659001c0bec345f0a79a9b0ffeea5cca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a9bdf834d763a421ba0ff15052df5bcbc">Replication</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.74%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a8a88424b71cc455f8093cdd450c98563">Full data in a table is stored on each DN in the cluster.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__a5b779edb582e4be1a210ef17368754aa">Small tables and dimension tables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__p27898517161232">As shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__fig50793519161135">Figure 1</a>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__b87218647010401">T1</strong> is a replication table and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__b63200894710401">T2</strong> is a hash table.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__fig50793519161135"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__fig50793519161135"></a><a name="fig50793519161135"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Replication table and hash table</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654758__image17893935925" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495133.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0441.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0441.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7fc5f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0441.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Selecting a Distribution Column</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__a8bc4b1964cee4988bba61310304ea8b8">The distribution column in a hash table must meet the following requirements, which are ranked by priority in descending order:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__ol29343014911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__li993416017495"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b842352706105350">The value of the distribution column should be discrete so that data can be evenly distributed on each DN.</strong> For example, you are advised to select the primary key of a table as the distribution column, and the ID card number as the distribution column in a personnel information table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__li993480194918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b84235270611839">Do not select the column where a constant filter exists.</strong> For example, if a constant constraint (for example, zqdh= '000001') exists on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b842352706164727">zqdh</strong> column in some queries on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b84235270612518">dwcjk</strong> table, you are not advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b84235270616480">zqdh</strong> as the distribution column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__li4935110124917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b516064154416">Select the join condition as the distribution column</strong>, so that join tasks can be pushed down to DNs to execute, reducing the amount of data transferred between the DNs.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__a4af0ed216612409ea73522d1b1f5ae64">For a hash table, an improper distribution key may cause data skew or poor I/O performance on certain DNs. Therefore, you need to check the table to ensure that data is evenly distributed on each DN. You can run the following SQL statements to check data skew:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__s9b81a8050014459d962cffd10a0611b5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__p173751945154918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b842352706125856">xc_node_id</strong> corresponds to a DN. Generally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__b84235270617258">over 5% difference between the amount of data on different DNs is regarded as data skew. If the difference is over 10%, choose another distribution column.</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__li796918294492">You are not advised to add a column as a distribution column, especially add a new column and use the SEQUENCE value to fill the column. This is because SEQUENCE may cause performance bottlenecks and unnecessary maintenance costs.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__aca377a4227184714b95dba9b277485b6">Multiple distribution columns can be selected in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974950__text1523288790">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to evenly distribute data.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0442.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0442.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90800e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0442.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using Partial Clustering</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__aa09cfd8e909d41069548e979895e13f5">Partial Cluster Key is the column-based technology. It can minimize or maximize sparse indexes to quickly filter base tables. Partial cluster key can specify multiple columns, but you are advised to specify no more than two columns. Use the following principles to specify columns:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__o6c98de08638a4ad0b219329facc5d385"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__l4be9aa13fdd24934b2b8c9ef383f1acd">The selected columns must be restricted by simple expressions in base tables. Such constraints are usually represented by Col, Op, and Const. Col specifies the column name, Op specifies operators, (including =, &gt;, &gt;=, &lt;=, and &lt;) Const specifies constants.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__l2d40c030a94e4e47a5da4b7cce373c37">Select columns that are frequently selected (to filter much more undesired data) in simple expressions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__l80d4181b57904a4c9936e24560b1fcff">List the less frequently selected columns on the top.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654724__l9a0599252eb6414886f9239f2af6d0e1">List the columns of the enumerated type at the top.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0443.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0443.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5460628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0443.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using Partitioned Tables</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__a0111a220c81446cd812b626c245f69bf">Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific schemes. The table based on the logic is called a partitioned table, and a physical piece is called a partition. Data is stored on these smaller physical pieces, namely, partitions, instead of the larger logical partitioned table. A partitioned table has the following advantages over an ordinary table:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__o3a31dd7e8c6a4dd781902f5a68d88823"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__lfe24045884044943998e00a039136691">High query performance: The system queries only the concerned partitions rather than the whole table, improving the query efficiency.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__l453d8600d652437c854e35468fd55253">High availability: If a partition is faulty, data in the other partitions is still available.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__l8e7975db193245eab9d254399bb252bd">Easy maintenance: You only need to fix the faulty partition.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__ad1078cea943043b1a4b89511037a7355"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__text253465916">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports range-partitioned tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975028__p12807325175115">Range-partitioned table: Data within a specific range is mapped onto each partition. The range is determined by the partition key specified during the partitioned table creation. The partition key is usually a date. For example, sales data is partitioned by month.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0444.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0444.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52bff546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0444.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Selecting a Data Type</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__a0a0152a5a02a4cf0a0e1cf0dc0effe28">Use the following principles to obtain efficient data types:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__oeddde42eaa5248c3b8d8b6a6bef76377"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__l122d76538afd439e80b6dc1fee335f9f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__b842352706113748">Using the data type that can be efficiently executed</strong><p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__a78787f67aae84b0ba21ba1e6d30af069">Generally, calculation of integers (including common comparison calculations, such as =, &gt;, &lt;, ≥, ≤, and ≠ and group by) is more efficient than that of strings and floating point numbers. For example, if you need to filter data in a column containing numeric data for a column-store table where point query is performed, the execution takes over 10s. However, the execution time is reduced to 1.8s when you change the data type from NUMERIC to INT.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__lff4a61298ace42a4b9ebc9a0ef7aa9dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__b842352706141912">Using the data type of short length column</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__a4fa8a80b24504dce98a9b7ad4378e3ae">Using the data type with a shorter length reduces both the data file size and the memory used for computing, improving the I/O and computing performance. For example, use SMALLINT instead of INT, and INT instead of BIGINT.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__la2b6983de52d45a49788943ea19d1f40"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__b842352706143633">Using the same data type for associated columns</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134454__a30f1fe0d4a394f8c8435e7184c2b70b6">Use the same data type for associated columns. If columns having different data types are associated, the database must dynamically convert the different data types into the same ones for comparison. The conversion results in performance overheads.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0437.html">Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0445.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0445.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6662497f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0445.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494973"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494973"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494973__en-us_topic_0073253800_p434855895751">SQL optimization involves continuous analysis and adjustment. You need to test-run a query, locate and fix its performance issues (if any) based on its execution plan, and run it again, until the execution performance meet your requirements.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0446.html">SQL Self-Diagnosis</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0447.html">Optimizing Statement Pushdown</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0448.html">Optimizing Subqueries</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0449.html">Optimizing Statistics</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0450.html">Optimizing Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0451.html">Optimizing Data Skew</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0446.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0446.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..737ff3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0446.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQL Self-Diagnosis</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427336"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p11285145044511">Performance issues may occur when you query data or run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b163851946164913">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b15847182015020">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1782917243502">UPDATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b9143102975016">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> statement. You can query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b3540146113318">warning</strong> column in the <a href="dws_04_0706.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a>, <a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a>, and <a href="dws_04_0566.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a> views to obtain performance diagnosis information for tuning.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p3467204017162">Alarms that can trigger SQL self-diagnosis depend on the settings of <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612">resource_track_level</a>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b137101125193818">resource_track_level</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1826118295386">query</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b2115183243810">perf</strong>, you can diagnose alarms indicating that statistics of multiple columns or a single column are not collected or SQL statements are not pushed down. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b21836753915">resource_track_level</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b89217933911">operator</strong>, all alarm scenarios can be diagnosed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p17329109171812">Whether a SQL plan will be diagnosed depends on the settings of <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713">resource_track_cost</a>. A SQL plan will be diagnosed only if its execution cost is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1889174383417">resource_track_cost</strong>. You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1858105916359">EXPLAIN</strong> keyword to check the plan execution cost.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__section1451592315913"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Alarms</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p18285150154514">Currently, the following performance alarms will be reported:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul17921548181010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li8793648191014">Some column statistics are not collected.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p18528555185111"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li8793648191014"></a><a name="li8793648191014"></a>If statistics of a single column or multiple columns are not collected, an alarm is reported. For details about the optimization, see <a href="dws_04_0436.html">Updating Statistics</a> and <a href="dws_04_0449.html">Optimizing Statistics</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p3793144801018">If no statistics are collected for the OBS foreign table and HDFS foreign table in the query statement, an alarm indicating that statistics are not collected will be reported. Because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b16881645153515">ANALYZE</strong> performance of the OBS foreign table and HDFS foreign table is poor, you are not advised to perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b9881184593510">ANALYZE</strong> on these tables. Instead, you are advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b118811445173518">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</strong> syntax to modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b58825450352">totalrows</strong> attribute of the foreign table to correct the estimated number of rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p117951648201020">Example alarms:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p4795194821018">No statistics about a table are not collected.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen207961348111019">Statistic Not Collect:
+    schema_test.t1</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p379744891020">The statistics about a single column are not collected.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen18797448111011">Statistic Not Collect:
+    schema_test.t2(c1)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p147991248161018">The statistics about multiple columns are not collected.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen1979914881015">Statistic Not Collect:
+    schema_test.t3((c1,c2))</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p1680010488108">The statistics about a single column and multiple columns are not collected.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen188008483108">Statistic Not Collect:
+    schema_test.t4(c1)    schema_test.t5((c1,c2))</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul158021484107"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li4802148181010">SQL statements are not pushed down.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p168039487109"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li4802148181010"></a><a name="li4802148181010"></a>The cause details are displayed in the alarms. For details about the optimization, see <a href="dws_04_0447.html">Optimizing Statement Pushdown</a>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul28031481105"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li1780414871010">If the pushdown failure is caused by functions, the function names are displayed in the alarm.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li980424818107">If the pushdown failure is caused by syntax, the alarm indicates that the syntax does not support pushdown. For example, the syntax containing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1761331693119">With Recursive</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b7316112011316">Distinct On</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b362123118311">Row</strong> expression, and syntax whose return value is of record type do not support pushdown.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p4805144811108">Example alarms:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen580512486107">SQL is not plan-shipping, reason : ""enable_stream_operator" is off"
+SQL is not plan-shipping, reason : ""Distinct On" can not be shipped"
+SQL is not plan-shipping, reason : ""v_test_unshipping_log" is VIEW that will be treated as Record type can't be shipped"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul6807448101012"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li1980710481108">In a hash join, the larger table is used as the inner table.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p7808134821017"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li1980710481108"></a><a name="li1980710481108"></a>An alarm will be reported if the number of rows in the inner table reaches or exceeds 10 times of that in the foreign table, more than 100,000 inner-table rows are processed on each DN in average, and data has been flushed to disks. You can view the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1224285413115">query_plan</strong> column in <a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a> to check whether hash joins are used. In this scenario, you need to adjust the sequence of the HashJoin internal and foreign tables. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0456.html">Join Order Hints</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p1981034815106">Example alarm:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen13947193117383">PlanNode[7] Large Table is INNER in HashJoin "Vector Hash Aggregate"</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p1394710318387">In the preceding command, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b10123536123510">7</strong> indicates the operator whose ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b216817425350">7</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b1945594473512">query_plan</strong> column.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul17811154811106"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li118124480107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b136648167564">nestloop</strong> is used in a large-table equivalent join.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p108121248131010">An alarm will be reported if nested loop is used in an equivalent join where more than 100,000 larger-table rows are processed on each DN in average. You can view the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b11671557193018">query_plan</strong> column of <a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a> to check whether nested loop is used. In this scenario, you need to adjust the table join mode and disable the NestLoop join mode between the current internal and foreign tables. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0457.html">Join Operation Hints</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p118142048161012">Example alarm:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen6814848181012">PlanNode[5] Large Table with Equal-Condition use Nestloop"Nested Loop"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul10815194841010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li178159483108">A large table is broadcasted.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p381664819104"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li178159483108"></a><a name="li178159483108"></a>An alarm will be reported if more than 100 thousand of rows are broadcasted on each DN in average. In this scenario, the broadcast operation of the BroadCast lower-layer operator needs to be disabled. For details about the optimization, see <a href="dws_04_0459.html">Stream Operation Hints</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p1381704815100">Example alarm:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen3817174811011">PlanNode[5] Large Table in Broadcast "Streaming(type: BROADCAST dop: 1/2)"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul1281820487104"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li7818248171010">Data skew occurs.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p3819154821018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li7818248171010"></a><a name="li7818248171010"></a>An alarm will be reported if the number of rows processed on any DN exceeds 100 thousand, and the number of rows processed on a DN reaches or exceeds 10 times of that processed on another DN. Generally, this alarm is generated due to storage layer skew or computing layer skew. For details about the optimization, see <a href="dws_04_0451.html">Optimizing Data Skew</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p2820948151017">Example alarm:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen1082094818101">PlanNode[6] DataSkew:"Seq Scan", min_dn_tuples:0, max_dn_tuples:524288</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul19636114414589"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li13636164410583">The index is improper.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p930916541614"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li13636164410583"></a><a name="li13636164410583"></a>During base table scanning, an alarm is reported if the following conditions are met:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul2048918479205"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li19363164514202">For row-store tables:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul1296675572010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li15234115415203">When the index scanning is used, the ratio of the number of output lines to the number of scanned lines is greater than 1/1000 and the number of output lines is greater than 10,000.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li123505420206">When sequential scanning is used, the number of output lines to the number of scanned lines is less than 1/1000, the number of output lines is less than or equal to 10,000, and the number of scanned lines is greater than 10,000.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li11368144513206">For column-store tables:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul9716195902015"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li8369645142017">When the index scanning is used, the ratio of the number of output lines to the number of scanned lines is greater than 1/10000 and the number of output lines is greater than 100.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li337194552016">When sequential scanning is used, the number of output lines to the number of scanned lines is less than 1/10,000, the number of output lines is less than or equal to 100, and the number of scanned lines is greater than 10,000.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p963684435813">For details about the optimization, see <a href="dws_04_0450.html">Optimizing Operators</a>. You can also refer to <a href="dws_04_0476.html">Case: Creating an Appropriate Index</a> and <a href="dws_04_0490.html">Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p19636114410584">Example alarms:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen1932122116599">PlanNode[4] Indexscan is not properly used:"Index Only Scan", output:524288, filtered:0, rate:1.00000
+PlanNode[5] Indexscan is ought to be used:"Seq Scan", output:1, filtered:524288, rate:0.00000</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ul382164871019"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li13821124881013">Estimation is inaccurate.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p18221448171018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li13821124881013"></a><a name="li13821124881013"></a>An alarm will be reported if the maximum number or the estimated maximum number of rows processed on a DN is over 100,000, and the larger number reaches or exceeds 10 times of the smaller one. In this scenario, you can refer to <a href="dws_04_0458.html">Rows Hints</a> to correct the estimation on the number of rows, so that the optimizer can re-design the execution plan based on the correct number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__p1082234851011">Example alarm:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen8823174831010">PlanNode[5] Inaccurate Estimation-Rows: "Hash Join" A-Rows:0, E-Rows:52488</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__section728715105125"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Restrictions</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__ol3766410193914"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li376601043910">An alarm contains a maximum of 2048 characters. If the length of an alarm exceeds this value (for example, a large number of long table names and column names are displayed in the alarm when their statistics are not collected), a warning instead of an alarm will be reported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__screen8176184920816">WARNING, "Planner issue report is truncated, the rest of planner issues will be skipped"</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li927851164020">If a query statement contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b26611304576">Limit</strong> operator, alarms of operators lower than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b166637304571">Limit</strong> will not be reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__li6364189104016">For alarms about data skew and inaccurate estimation, only alarms on the lower-layer nodes in a plan tree will be reported. This is because the same alarms on the upper-level nodes may be triggered by problems on the lower-layer nodes. For example, if data skew occurs on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b11886105310294">Scan</strong> node, data skew may also occur in operators (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814594__b568793414315">Hashagg</strong>) at the upper layer.</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizing Statement Pushdown</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s57105f73f887407e854fc21e9a795a75"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Statement Pushdown</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__af3976cebdd8f4d4da3020240bbe18b04">Currently, the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__text993543452">GaussDB(DWS)</span> optimizer can use three methods to develop statement execution policies in the distributed framework: generating a statement pushdown plan, a distributed execution plan, or a distributed execution plan for sending statements.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ul772994445616"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li157291344115617">A statement pushdown plan pushes query statements from a CN down to DNs for execution and returns the execution results to the CN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li4729124410565">In a distributed execution plan, a CN compiles and optimizes query statements, generates a plan tree, and then sends the plan tree to DNs for execution. After the statements have been executed, execution results will be returned to the CN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li472918446564">A distributed execution plan for sending statements pushes queries that can be pushed down (mostly base table scanning statements) to DNs for execution. Then, the plan obtains the intermediate results and sends them to the CN, on which the remaining queries are to be executed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a24024f37122c4b29956d4cabd97db306">The third policy sends many intermediate results from the DNs to a CN for further execution. In this case, the CN performance bottleneck (in bandwidth, storage, and computing) is caused by statements that cannot be pushed down to DNs. Therefore, you are not advised to use the query statements that only the third policy is applicable to.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_p199253811121">Statements cannot be pushed down to DNs if they have <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s926a7f64d03546399fe529744b9bf420">Functions That Do Not Support Pushdown</a> or <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sf9bb07c596384fbc833219a5e72da7e4">Syntax That Does Not Support Pushdown</a>. Generally, you can rewrite the execution statements to solve the problem.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sb1747133eddb445284bb43cc7ea5a177"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Viewing Whether the Execution Plan Has Been Pushed Down to DNs</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ab6f2891fc59c4f8aae2d96ce2b3ff2dc">Perform the following procedure to quickly determine whether the execution plan can be pushed down to DNs:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__o5dd150860eb94b8eb8bd903862ac0e1e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__lc126ecc4862e40a78b3a4163e761f6b7"><span>Set the GUC parameter <a href="dws_04_0936.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s9b7f64f4f112450490c8c74b520cc915">enable_fast_query_shipping</a> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b842352706101141">off</strong> to use the distributed framework policy for the query optimizer.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sd7bd6ff8b92e411b98048a71e1d23359"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_fast_query_shipping</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l064b58ed9f2e43d1b5d4041576311800"><span>View the execution plan.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_p897222911224">If the execution plan contains Data Node Scan, the SQL statements cannot be pushed down to DNs. If the execution plan contains Streaming, the SQL statements can be pushed down to DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ac346c3c6c0fa412984bac8b241f0b98e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s29ae60aebc304d4d95afdb19f5b3c943"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">sr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ss_customer_sk</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__af9a6ad299e114f5cade72a994445ed66">The execution plan is as follows, which indicates that the SQL statement cannot be pushed down.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a4445eb6df84f4781bd534904d6700761"></p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen829820591281">                              QUERY PLAN
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Aggregate
+-&gt;  Hash Join
+Hash Cond: (ss.ss_customer_sk = sr.sr_customer_sk)
+-&gt;  Data Node Scan on store_sales "_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_"
+Node/s: All datanodes
+-&gt;  Hash
+-&gt;  Data Node Scan on store_returns "_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_"
+Node/s: All datanodes
+(8 rows)</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sf9bb07c596384fbc833219a5e72da7e4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sf9bb07c596384fbc833219a5e72da7e4"></a><a name="sf9bb07c596384fbc833219a5e72da7e4"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax That Does Not Support Pushdown</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_p29154710">SQL syntax that does not support pushdown is described using the following table definition examples:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__se0d720283c3a41b3b802238ef337f31e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CUSTOMER1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">C_CUSTKEY</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_NAME</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_ADDRESS</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_NATIONKEY</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_PHONE</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_ACCTBAL</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_MKTSEGMENT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_COMMENT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">117</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C_CUSTKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="c1">--float does not support redistribution.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sal_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replication</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__u8df4f1d6228d41a4b112c7832143faaf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__lee83a23013b54eedb1e4036adf27c478">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b191266098515104">returning</strong> statement cannot be pushed down.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s5a6036f8d69042549142a7e2457e3037"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returning</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                               </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                           </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expr</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l9ba05ea1a6d340b69ec2e0f15b4c25ea">If columns in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b398593832151623">count(distinct expr)</strong> do not support redistribution, they do not support pushdown.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sf09b1b8c47414dddb60c2dc9e2445b23"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                          </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                           </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate  (cost=2.50..2.51 rows=1 width=8)</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__le40bd2edb3864d04872bd0f69089bdb5">Statements using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b25196881215200">distinct on</strong> cannot be pushed down.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s3d2a889db6714a21b74989dfdf0757f8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                            </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                             </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------ Unique  (cost=49.83..54.83 rows=30 width=8)</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l1e58914990ad485797142265314fbed5">In a statement using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b842352706104821">FULL JOIN</strong>, if the column specified using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b842352706104830">JOIN</strong> does not support redistribution, the statement does not support pushdown.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s48a91c73351d4c1f8d4c6301c153ae7a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">full</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                              </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                              </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------ Hash Full Join  (cost=0.38..0.82 rows=30 width=24)</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">precision</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_stream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;_REMOTE_TABLE_QUERY_&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l01feceb44159473f82d3b3501c466bac">Does not support array expression pushdown.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s6a28a8e91dc24bd3a5c110ac07a82577"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                                    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------ Sort  (cost=49.83..52.33 rows=30 width=8)</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">]),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_SORT_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">]),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_custkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ul3250185264715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li9561459135111">The following table describes the scenarios where a statement containing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b14816125614531">WITH RECURSIVE</strong> cannot be pushed down in the current version, as well as the causes.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__table1337655119533" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row17577551125316"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p9577175118534">No.</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p7577351195319">Scenario</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p4577135105312">Cause of Not Supporting Pushdown</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row175777514535"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p135773515531">1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p957714513536">The query contains foreign tables or HDFS tables.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p12577125185319">LOG: SQL can't be shipped, reason: RecursiveUnion contains HDFS Table or ForeignScan is not shippable (In this table, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b565334716548">LOG</strong> describes the cause of not supporting pushdown.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p157957504466"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p18577751175310">In the current version, queries containing foreign tables or HDFS tables do not support pushdown.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row15771051175316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p45771851205313">2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p257715117531">Multiple Node Groups</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p175771251145319">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive under multi-nodegroup scenario is not shippable</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p112824412465"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p14577851115318">In the current version, pushdown is supported only when all base tables are stored and computed in the same Node Group.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row1557755118533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p2577155112535">3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen1991212594614">WITH recursive t_result AS (
+SELECT dm,sj_dm,name,1 as level
+FROM test_rec_part
+WHERE sj_dm &gt; 10
+UNION
+SELECT t2.dm,t2.sj_dm,t2.name||' &gt; '||t1.name,t1.level+1
+FROM t_result t1
+JOIN test_rec_part t2 ON t2.sj_dm = t1.dm
+)
+SELECT * FROM t_result t;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p75771251175316">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive does not contain "ALL" to bind recursive &amp; none-recursive branches</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p143524216462"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p14577115125318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b185081332175511">ALL</strong> is not used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b6509173214552">UNION</strong>. In this case, the return result is deduplicated.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row3577135115314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p13577135112536">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen624945864520">WITH RECURSIVE x(id) AS
+(
+select count(1) from pg_class where oid=1247
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id &lt; 5
+), y(id) AS
+(
+select count(1) from pg_class where oid=1247
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id &lt; 10
+)
+SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id) ORDER BY 1;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1757805165320">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive contains system table is not shippable</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p021463914465"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p857845175315">A base table contains the system catalog.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row557885111539"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p55781512534">5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen180511520455">WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n &lt; 100
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p195788518532">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive contains only values rte is not shippable</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p5138203044620"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p105785513539">Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b798712549557">VALUES</strong> is used for scanning base tables. In this case, the statement can be executed on the CN, and DNs are unnecessary.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row125781951135316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p19578165115537">6</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen690617467452">select  a.ID,a.Name,
+(
+with recursive cte as (
+select ID, PID, NAME from b where b.ID = 1
+union all
+select parent.ID,parent.PID,parent.NAME
+from cte as child join b as parent on child.pid=parent.id
+where child.ID = a.ID
+)
+select NAME from cte limit 1
+) cName
+from
+(
+select id, name, count(*) as cnt
+from a group by id,name
+) a order by 1,2;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p8578105116536">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive recursive term correlated only is not shippable</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p6578151165311"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p65781851135312">The correlation conditions of correlated subqueries are only in the recursion part, and the non-recursion part has no correlation condition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row1357812513538"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p257812513534">7</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen78295385457">WITH recursive t_result AS (
+select * from(
+SELECT dm,sj_dm,name,1 as level
+FROM test_rec_part
+WHERE sj_dm &lt; 10 order by dm limit 6 offset 2)
+UNION all
+SELECT t2.dm,t2.sj_dm,t2.name||' &gt; '||t1.name,t1.level+1
+FROM t_result t1
+JOIN test_rec_part t2 ON t2.sj_dm = t1.dm
+)
+SELECT * FROM t_result t;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1657895116533">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: With-Recursive contains conflict distribution in none-recursive(Replicate) recursive(Hash)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p125786515535"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p357815111536">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b11321628103219">replicate</strong> plan is used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b232272819327">limit</strong> in the non-recursion part but the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b133231128193213">hash</strong> plan is used in the recursion part, resulting in conflicts.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__row19578155116533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.18111811181118%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1257825175312">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.00440044004401%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__screen107153434519">with recursive cte as
+(
+select * from rec_tb4 where id&lt;4
+union all
+select h.id,h.parentID,h.name from
+(
+with recursive cte as
+(
+select * from rec_tb4 where id&lt;4
+union all
+select h.id,h.parentID,h.name from rec_tb4 h inner join cte c on h.id=c.parentID
+)
+SELECT id ,parentID,name from cte order by parentID
+) h
+inner join cte  c on h.id=c.parentID
+)
+SELECT id ,parentID,name from cte order by parentID,1,2,3;</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.81448144814482%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1957918515536">LOG:  SQL can't be shipped, reason: Recursive CTE references recursive CTE "cte"</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1257975114534"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p757955115537"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b17484115345718">recursive</strong> of multiple-layers are nested. That is, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b8484115310571">recursive</strong> is nested in the recursion part of another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b3485853105710">recursive</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s926a7f64d03546399fe529744b9bf420"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s926a7f64d03546399fe529744b9bf420"></a><a name="s926a7f64d03546399fe529744b9bf420"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Functions That Do Not Support Pushdown</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_p46415143">This module describes the variability of functions. The function variability in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__text580873817">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__u4cf8902e282149888445c009133ef0c1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l8d9214e235f44cbf9210ec2fc36a932a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a2233b88e3db44d7ab82f2a05323d9899">IMMUTABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ad1bfe03bbb96481887f0fb81f9efae3b">Indicates that the function always returns the same result if the parameter values are the same.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l82fd76b456844d5b89dd60209926708b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__adc0e4a252d2543918a6d896f8e8fd4aa">STABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__acb720ec44f2845e9ac4d653bc97d622a">Indicates that the function cannot modify the database, and that within a single table scan it will consistently return the same result for the same parameter values, but that its result varies by SQL statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l5dc0eecfc45d4fcf97b30b8e480eb3e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ac97a434ad96a49698c67c1d8203d0883">VOLATILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a07e40e581fd7433eab84cc2df6c62be1">Indicates that the function value can change even within a single table scan, so no optimizations can be made.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p138737571444">The volatility of a function can be obtained by querying its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b655615345281">provolatile</strong> column in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b1019710541287">pg_proc</strong>. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b226955711286">i</strong> indicates immutable, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b143551986294">s</strong> indicates stable, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b58151512192912">v</strong> indicates volatile. The valid values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b940914203018">proshippable</strong> column in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b199940200305">pg_proc</strong> are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b94301437183012">t</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b15091843153016">f</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b58732045153020">NULL</strong>. This column and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b7942754173016">provolatile</strong> column together describe whether a function is pushed down.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ul5942013342"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li794217113413">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b53211202316">provolatile</strong> of a function is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b6643142843116">i</strong>, the function can be pushed down regardless of the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b1490074733113">proshippable</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li93511247344">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b154815573310">provolatile</strong> of a function is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b7133172143414">s</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b620413343">v</strong>, the function can be pushed only if the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b7227531183416">proshippable</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b144134163411">t</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__li75383114261">CTEs containing random are not pushed down, because pushdown may lead to incorrect results.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p03923417284">For a UDF, you can specify the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b19476183534012">provolatile</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b11359183815403">proshippable</strong> during its creation. For details, see CREATE FUNCTION.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_p4307190">In scenarios where a function does not support pushdown, perform one of the following as required:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ue6d8aebeb4414c74b78ae9a2c90b0713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l96b1808533d245378a910b37b606c794">If it is a system function, replace it with a functionally equivalent one.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__l47e12567a05641c899b7f7a6d27146f9">If it is a UDF function, check whether its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b62387169410">provolatile</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b205341618124113">proshippable</strong> are correctly defined.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s4aff811245ab4e0c94c679f9cec1e34f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example: UDF</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ac258b7315a5b4b4ba60406e817643f61">Define a user-defined function that generates fixed output for a certain input as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b8423527069275">immutable</strong> type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__ad5f1edf4e457457d886582f796fdaad7">Take the sales information of TPCDS as an example. If you want to write a function to calculate the discount data of a product, you can define the function as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s4930e216877944d8b72f67309d65759a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_percent_2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT $1 / $2 WHERE $2 &gt; 0.01'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">VOLATILE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a40a3150af410495d83f84ba72ea15b53">Run the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s7446e152385640cd9628f32469479449"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_percent_2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_sales_price</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__aaa31e3d54c5c4c0b975f6b6067644fbc">The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__af28cbc18c9204a84899e01cf1aca216e"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__en-us_topic_0073253801_en-us_topic_0062578361_image59542993192021" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655330.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a24970052dfd0446a8671f8ba32f11071"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b84235270616757">func_percent_2</strong> is not pushed down, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b842352706161024">ss_sales_price</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b842352706161029">ss_list_price</strong> are executed on a CN. In this case, a large amount of resources on the CN is consumed, and the performance deteriorates as a result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a12deb253c10c435ab5a0dec78b077b48">In this example, the function returns certain output when certain input is entered. Therefore, we can modify the function to the following one:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s85af9def9ca849d8a60a58cc27234bd6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_percent_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT $1 / $2 WHERE $2 &gt; 0.01'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a51da557ce6a649ceb2be38756c02799f">Run the following statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__sc7edf8798a3e425e9dac07cc5db927e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_percent_1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_sales_price</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__a558dd69905214b25996eda6c24772004">The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p1088115559455"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__image7469856124612" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895125.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__aa074b3e67976460c8a8c36410910e082"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__b1149480969195022">func_percent_1</strong> is pushed down to DNs for quicker execution. (In TPCDS 1000X, where three CNs and 18 DNs are used, the query efficiency is improved by over 100 times).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__s5975ca61abd0403ea28382892baa5cf5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2: Pushing Down the Sorting Operation</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894663__p12921516133211">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0478.html">Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizing Subqueries</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s89f7b5b363ae496596646f2b19736667"><h4 class="sectiontitle">What Is a Subquery</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a6dd3f01e5205499f9150aa40f812876c">When an application runs a SQL statement to operate the database, a large number of subqueries are used because they are more clear than table join. Especially in complicated query statements, subqueries have more complete and independent semantics, which makes SQL statements clearer and easy to understand. Therefore, subqueries are widely used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a35dece67761a47b887e3c81d17297f9d">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text944110597">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, subqueries can also be called sublinks based on the location of subqueries in SQL statements.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u39bda620553f44b49cd13f3bfa9a7f3b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l283c91bd656942708467d0eec56fbb5f">Subquery: corresponds to a scope table (RangeTblEntry) in the query parse tree. That is, a subquery is a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b28731037102514">SELECT</strong> statement following immediately after the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b4548718142616">FROM</strong> keyword.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li93141270456">Sublink: corresponds to an expression in the query parsing tree. That is, a sublink is a statement in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b3403105052918">WHERE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b16110948142911">ON</strong> clause or in the target list.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a5fde0ba6ead3492cbbd54bb8959d8b0a">In conclusion, a subquery is a scope table and a sublink is an expression in the query parsing tree. A sublink can be found in constraint conditions and expressions. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1124079524">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, sublinks can be classified into the following types:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u4c2383de15454248aaab0b47f7c8a30b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li2747273457">exist_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b5700181810019">EXIST</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b205131722707">NOT EXIST</strong> statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l31227632ed7f436084664ab4cbb16b16">any_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b44751971118">OP ANY(SELEC...)</strong> statement. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b18721825126">OP</strong> can be the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1910913409111">IN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b3215648815">&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b163155536114">&gt;</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b29001702024">=</strong> operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l5e121b85bddf493784693ee9d0ca5d3a">all_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b156409563217">OP ALL(SELECT...)</strong> statement. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b5785107339">OP</strong> can be the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b127858710315">IN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b177852074319">&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b3785373315">&gt;</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b67851676320">=</strong> operator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li37471971451">rowcompare_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b475171417417">RECORD OP (SELECT...)</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l20bc62613fde4ad2b4293c6bdd91be5a">expr_sublink: corresponding to the<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b715216431125"> (</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b5518553999">SELECT</strong> with a single target list item<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b8817546161218">)</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li77471670455">array_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1866714161759">ARRAY(SELECT...)</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l30a5163bcf444e488bbfd1af355dda25">cte_sublink: corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b3963909142">WITH(...)</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a283066567494481b865d5ec0705e5621">The sublinks commonly used in OLAP and HTAP are exist_sublink and any_sublink. The sublinks are pulled up by the optimization engine of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1066099892">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Because of the flexible use of subqueries in SQL statements, complex subqueries may affect query performance. Subqueries are classified into non-correlated subqueries and correlated subqueries.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_ul26210451347"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l92fabb6a7dc94f45a71ca928e4e9d3e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b135211517151918">Non-correlated subquery</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p10957790317">The execution of a subquery is independent from any attribute of outer queries. In this way, a subquery can be executed before outer queries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a5d3cc1cbc11b4b7a8dd64563bff8a950">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s486317ce988e43d1b9f131133e050b44"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Semi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{2,3,4}'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">[]))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ue1e11d82f29744e5bb9febd932005cd0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li15140794355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b17861315173513">Correlated subquery</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p93094161316">The execution of a subquery depends on some attributes of outer queries which are used as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b162211753103819">AND</strong> conditions of the subquery. In the following example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b67260153404">t1.c1</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b16331491407">t2.c1 = t1.c1</strong> condition is a dependent attribute. Such a subquery depends on outer queries and needs to be executed once for each outer query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a673bad0d18ae439ba61e79ed3592225f">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sd52e71ca442d4531881a405aa851616c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                 </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Materialize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BROADCAST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                   </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{2,3,4}'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">[]))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sf889dabb629b4a0086497d5d0932210a"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1817736340">GaussDB(DWS)</span> SubLink Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__abb7ae9fbc58a41fcbfe3917fcbac91b7">A subquery is pulled up to join with tables in outer queries, preventing the subquery from being converted into the combination of a subplan and broadcast. You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b465952018541">EXPLAIN</strong> statement to check whether a subquery is converted into the combination of a subplan and broadcast.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p10622345366">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p126243423617"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_image062034183619" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895175.png"></span></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ubf8d7c098fb34dd4bee46dcbce44ae73"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l9db3f0383ed94f20bd401f9b9dffbae5">Sublink-release supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1749563421">GaussDB(DWS)</span><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u9755b4929b2045feb0771bf6a1e5c149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lb2d22dc7b7cf4b0b849d22869343f1cf">Pulling up the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b48467361838">IN</strong> sublink<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__uca62214cabb34ee1a4295af338b771ea"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__la6142076958249f98ff686275faae81b">The subquery cannot contain columns in the outer query (columns in more outer queries are allowed).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lebb71b175f8643b3a0bd99e76dcb3954">The subquery cannot contain volatile functions.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__aa03474399d804ef5bf7cdb0d4dec1288"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_image20621334113611" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815194.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lf1ef74b21be948ce899b26ad6b4fa597">Pulling up the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b186144791">EXISTS</strong> sublink<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a295cad43002a40afa3c55fe3221408cc">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b104996127912">WHERE</strong> clause must contain a column in the outer query. Other parts of the subquery cannot contain the column. Other restrictions are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u152a8fd61b0248f3b3a50e8eacf9cc45"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l1ba7e3e607104a4d95856803ad9bf412">The subquery must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b14747105201013">FROM</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li65037328337">The subquery cannot contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1442099117">WITH</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lb0cd1bbc031b41169ae3afa203997f80">The subquery cannot contain aggregate functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l149f12c069ad461aa9d8aa3266d7d3b0">The subquery cannot contain a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1236413508288">SET</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b7530718292">SORT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b16870185112916">LIMIT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b14891027112919">WindowAgg</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b892723572911">HAVING</strong> operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ld8999d500dab4c15bc522d899a83ce9e">The subquery cannot contain volatile functions.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p182903943318"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_image16293473616" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495209.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l418d3627b7914a74a99385227ecf30b8">Pulling up an equivalent query containing aggregation functions<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ae0555f799dc642d0877d900618201540"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l418d3627b7914a74a99385227ecf30b8"></a><a name="l418d3627b7914a74a99385227ecf30b8"></a>The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b145154391301">WHERE</strong> condition of the subquery must contain a column from the outer query. Equivalence comparison must be performed between this column and related columns in tables of the subquery. These conditions must be connected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b132051944143120">AND</strong>. Other parts of the subquery cannot contain the column. Other restrictions are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_ul05971419192"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li87647617195">The expression in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b11171557111811">WHERE</strong> condition of the subquery must be table columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l79960ec4b6e24ecd833a2b21a2e0a632">After the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b17636659161914">SELECT</strong> keyword of the subquery, there must be only one output column. The output column must be an aggregation function (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b159521823162017">MAX</strong>), and the parameter (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b128934992111">t2.c2</strong>) of the aggregate function cannot be columns of a table (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b9535174410216">t1</strong>) in outer quires. The aggregate function cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b841757102214">COUNT</strong>.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p311751133511">For example, the following subquery can be pulled up:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sc9b46f573043496985d3092d541896d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a1c5a27591d9c4064a649770cf415a58f">The following subquery cannot be pulled up because the subquery has no aggregation function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sc32cb97662c74b34ae7691ffa3981d0f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p360735818503">The following subquery cannot be pulled up because the subquery has two output columns:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s44f6b205fafa4aac9d8434d99d1ed4e5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l3734f716ed704098b34da16f029ccbf2">The subquery must be a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1872811214265">FROM</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l447c80deebb94029a865f691f864f79b">The subquery cannot contain a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1086915445270">GROUP BY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b570174818275">HAVING</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b7724165418271">SET</strong> operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lade68a368cbe441ea96a50d5cb276c22">The subquery can only be inner join.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a8fb382ce9fd945d3b19c55252c69464b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lade68a368cbe441ea96a50d5cb276c22"></a><a name="lade68a368cbe441ea96a50d5cb276c22"></a>For example, the following subquery can be pulled up:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s76bc7e2883ab42a789917cd3bff9f5ce"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">full</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l7d56a1c6e546413180d98c39808475dd">The target list of the subquery cannot contain the function that returns a set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l64bee5f57907455892a44bf8d0d7f5e4">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b187921503426">WHERE</strong> condition of the subquery must contain a column from the outer query. Equivalence comparison must be performed between this column and related columns in tables of the subquery. These conditions must be connected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b177936506428">AND</strong>. Other parts of the subquery cannot contain the columns from the outer query. For example, the following subquery can be pulled up:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s5a1870bacc1b47c48ff1971bd9ab3e5d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a0d39d5f13c63497ea0ef38f5a5f96eeb">If another condition is added to the subquery in the previous example, the subquery cannot be pulled up because the subquery references to the column in the outer query. Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s79a365aa62d64f549b7dbdf28f773419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lf181a61bf76e4332ab3569683d92c863">Pulling up a sublink in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b172894592452">OR</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ab017395304314f44b06c94274ef2ffe4">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b8141192419466">WHERE</strong> condition contains a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b4186270477">EXIST</strong>-related sublink connected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b55161649134715">OR</strong>,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__aa0ff56c431cd41b4a196a2ada3036bc2">for example,</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sc0f780d275c54edfb079add3b6b57f61"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p136443423619">the process of pulling up such a sublink is as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_ol1696110827"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lb275d456bcdd4f68a851fffa2ea101f2">Extract <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b10158184765118">opExpr</strong> from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b15903205314511">OR</strong> clause in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b16713358175113">WHERE </strong>condition. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b168902017185213">t1.a = (select avg(a) from t3 where t1.b = t3.b)</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_li56961101423">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b663415423527">opExpr</strong> contains a subquery. If the subquery can be pulled up, the subquery is rewritten as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1743414331530">elect avg(a), t3.b from t3 group by t3.b</strong>, generating the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b9706134615531">NOT NULL</strong> condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1434625317536">t3.b is not null</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b669817178544">opExpr</strong> is replaced with this <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1652983995416">NOT NULL</strong> condition. In this case, the SQL statement changes to:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s2f8cc50f4fad4d2aa4d7932ca486c538"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l6def76bcdfc34d89847158c790488b14">Extract the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b122151427175519">EXISTS</strong> sublink <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b25734013558">exists (select * from t4 where t1.c = t4.c)</strong> from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b3710750105510">OR</strong> clause to check whether the sublink can be pulled up. If it can be pulled up, it is converted into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b84020178570">select t4.c from t4 group by t4.c</strong>, generating the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b2982113217572">NOT NULL</strong> condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1534173811576">t4.c is not null</strong>. In this case, the SQL statement changes to:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sfba440774695467bbf438683bf70f54f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a334ca78d9e234d7ea1f2d4e59db36708"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__i3ad2f4fe765c41ec9c754715c9a230f5" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135180.png"></span></p>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u4f8d76b40daf496cb16187ce80d51215"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__led80a5662bf74f26874beec88da9a5ff">Sublink-release not supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1601833281">GaussDB(DWS)</span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p56593412366">Except the sublinks described above, all the other sublinks cannot be pulled up. In this case, a join subquery is planned as the combination of a subplan and broadcast. As a result, if tables in the subquery have a large amount of data, query performance may be poor.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__acb168568c03e4e2fbefcdc6ecd3b86e0">If a correlated subquery joins with two tables in outer queries, the subquery cannot be pulled up. You need to change the parent query into a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1395371615519">WITH</strong> clause and then perform the join.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__af1db3145050c46ff9369d2340cbcd757">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sa6f362d01f034b0294218282b25554d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ad56056f60d054f80b1adcb768ddf7a56">The parent query is changed into:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s371b8f611835497cb25ae20a95700cbb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u10619d3af9824318b96ca8fb699e7562"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l686282f0f69c48e69484a270efb1aa5b">The subquery (without <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b7606539815">COUNT</strong>) in the target list cannot be pulled up.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a6f6f018bb1a5487085f14709a18aafc6">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sdb12423883fd479f846ef8409f316d47"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__aaeea243dae8d41cf9c4a74e465b7da88">The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s3574869e0dc442b98d2ea1b71e73cc81"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Materialize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BROADCAST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p26831347021">The correlated subquery is displayed in the target list (query return list). Values need to be returned even if the condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b19815427173">t1.c1=t2.c1</strong> is not met. Therefore, use left outer join to join <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1934513816184">T1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b191189511810">T2</strong> so that SSQ can return padding values when the condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b18742101415212">t1.c1=t2.c1</strong> is not met.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__na42dfb37f6e44152bd92e458c40b4526"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a63287bfef1bd49d98763fff5d69268c8">ScalarSubQuery (SSQ) and Correlated-ScalarSubQuery (CSSQ) are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_ul77812235413"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l103b45a3d63d475897857ed2c95c51b3">SSQ: a sublink that returns only a single row and column scalar value</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lc269855da0cd4cb4ab2b4497e7bbb774">CSSQ: an SSQ containing conditions</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p168310471422">The preceding SQL statement can be changed into:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__scbfcbc285497474fa8bba51ad72a0e35"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p668320471128">The execution plan after the change is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sdda38bbe5dfa4059b6ef664fe38092a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">                </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a93d44ea1fad64955ae6b314ecd1f3fff">In the preceding example, the SSQ is pulled up to right join, preventing poor performance caused by the combination of a subplan and broadcast when the table (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b178810198242">T2</strong>) in the subquery is too large.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l916ed844fd984c0fb8eb7846e61269b0">The subquery (with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b7174144182416">COUNT</strong>) in the target list cannot be pulled up.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p16853478217">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s047e9f3c10b84d74a0f0548e34bcba2f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p068564710215">The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s50fae0c765e64f35a56d0db168e254cd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Aggregate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Materialize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BROADCAST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                         </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__aaae141d52dd74ce8ba6468169ae5b6c5">The correlated subquery is displayed in the target list (query return list). Values need to be returned even if the condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b15327152762616">t1.c1=t2.c1</strong> is not met. Therefore, use left outer join to join <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b123285276265">T1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1328152717268">T2</strong> so that SSQ can return padding values when the condition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1328182710267">t1.c1=t2.c1</strong> is not met. However, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b494017509262">COUNT</strong> is used to ensure that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b7368191782916">0</strong> is returned when the condition is note met. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1276111114291">case-when NULL then 0 else count(*)</strong> can be used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p46861147125">The preceding SQL statement can be changed into:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s873f7f9ddbac418195c8c394b23ab647"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ssq</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p368654718210">The execution plan after the change is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s9878c8701ec142789a287df9cb99f0ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                 </span><span class="k">Group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">By</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                 </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u8f13ea58a7d442b2945718d7d117394c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l333bcc3cc1494da7af787a77ff32b857">Pulling up nonequivalent subqueries<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a48da4b79f1404282a50460e6dc893b99"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l333bcc3cc1494da7af787a77ff32b857"></a><a name="l333bcc3cc1494da7af787a77ff32b857"></a>Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s58145ddc91f848658f1eeff2a8a5ba91"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p67343423619">Nonequivalent subqueries cannot be pulled up. You can perform join twice (one CorrelationKey and one rownum self-join) to rewrite the statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a21b5d0b6f3ff4ec3afc18c51e26be7eb">You can rewrite the statement in either of the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u9d10a4c00fb54160861cd1a785dbe398"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__l51682d91b7724e7fa33ff3c07f2a92e4">Subquery rewriting<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sa5cf99a2783442cba3eecbd11fce31b5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aggref</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* derived table */</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aggref</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lccdc5edbf34444ee9c24aec9398e85d9">CTE rewriting<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s01fe6e14f72740e99c26582cc0f00afb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aggref</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">derived_table</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">derived_table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">derived_table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aggref</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__n1ef3d57e3c9e45a99e0293042524ecc2"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__u80c80b7201764485a171c3e078f1052f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lffd63a0b54af489c925a7890efd75999">Currently, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__text1750627354">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not have an effective way to provide globally unique row IDs for tables and intermediate result sets. Therefore, the rewriting is difficult. It is recommended that this issue is avoided at the service layer or by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1037116349504">t1.xc_node_id + t1.ctid</strong> to associate row IDs. However, the high repetition rate of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1818885915010">xc_node_id</strong> leads to low association efficiency, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1840453720510">xc_node_id+ctid</strong> cannot be used as the join condition of hash join.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__ld649e2d1526e43eeae95b9ff9ff4480a">If the AGG type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b2430170194319">COUNT(*)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b1550017558435">0</strong> is used for data padding if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b126541023134419">CASE-WHEN</strong> is not matched. If the type is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b14830191254519">COUNT(*)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b455614255454">NULL</strong> is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__lef36d37e7ef2483e8e73ed9672bb3bff">CTE rewriting works better by using share scan.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__s490a654504544cac8efd4a0f4724acc8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">More Optimization Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__abce2b853a4c54c9f9b578f8910ed45a0">1. Change the base table to a replication table and create an index on the filter column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sf64dd66b5a7340978ba03e2ea470441e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">having</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__af202cc48835441218c106f81a18e9624">In this example, a correlated subquery is contained. To improve the query performance, you can change <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b842352706112924">sub_table</strong> to a replication table and create an index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b842352706113144">a</strong> column.</p>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a0a376625c99241f4b8ec6365e20635c3">2. Modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b842352706113333">SELECT</strong> statement, change the subquery to a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_b842352706132645">JOIN</strong> relationship between the primary table and the parent query, or modify the subquery to improve the query performance. Ensure that the subquery to be used is semantically correct.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sb6c8ee80ebc5476dbb6cd1182a309657"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">SubPlan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Materialize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BROADCAST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                             </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__en-us_topic_0118337169_p176977114234">In the preceding example, a subplan is used. To remove the subplan, you can modify the statement as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__sc22ffc52f14a444981e64b71c609d206"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Semi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Join</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cond</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">master_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Spawn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654970__a62b41e86cdd042cea97b6ddb86e2a1b7">In this way, the subplan is replaced by the semi-join between the two tables, greatly improving the execution efficiency.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizing Statistics</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__sc845b24ebeb84df7acace559ba5abdf0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">What Is Statistic Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a57288c7e28cb448592068f097abeee17"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__text904630338">GaussDB(DWS)</span> generates optimal execution plans based on the cost estimation. Optimizers need to estimate the number of data rows and the cost based on statistics collected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706115912">ANALYZE</strong>. Therefore, the statistics is vital for the estimation of the number of rows and cost. Global statistics are collected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614359">ANALYZE</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614450">relpages</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614454">reltuples</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614447">pg_class</strong> table; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614614">stadistinct</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614618">stanullfrac</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614623">stanumbersN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614627">stavaluesN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b4311412914716">histogram_bounds</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b39562502414711">pg_statistic</strong> table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s18aa332df64b45669fa242aa0694c7c4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1: Poor Query Performance Due to the Lack of Statistics</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a01318fdcd25e451cab1941f522c74ab0">In most cases, the lack of statistics in tables or columns involved in the query greatly affects the query performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a1cf228c8875244dc849ca8ef4aea6393">The table structure is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__sb162cddbb7a444aca47f0631296d77b5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LINEITEM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_PARTKEY</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SUPPKEY</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULL3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINENUMBER</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_QUANTITY</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_EXTENDEDPRICE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_DISCOUNT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_TAX</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RETURNFLAG</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINESTATUS</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPDATE</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMITDATE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RECEIPTDATE</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPINSTRUCT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPMODE</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMENT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORDERS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">O_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_CUSTKEY</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERSTATUS</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_TOTALPRICE</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERDATE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERPRIORITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_CLERK</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_SHIPPRIORITY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_COMMENT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">O_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a231aca831c8e47eaae0174c7695e1298">The query statements are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s9ba28aaa870345af8fd79551680013ab"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numwait</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orders</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">o_orderstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'F'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_receiptdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_commitdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_receiptdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_commitdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">numwait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__af746b5687e584258bf416cfc31645bfa">If such an issue occurs, you can use the following methods to check whether statistics in tables or columns has been collected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706141859">ANALYZE</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__o0ec061b92a294aa29248ee9e58c80317"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l920bfae44f984205869bb7cb753a5682">Execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706142232">EXPLAIN VERBOSE</strong> to analyze the execution plan and check the warning information:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__sef3ca6253df74d95837d72cd6e36268f">WARNING:Statistics in some tables or columns(public.lineitem.l_receiptdate, public.lineitem.l_commitdate, public.lineitem.l_orderkey, public.lineitem.l_suppkey, public.orders.o_orderstatus, public.orders.o_orderkey) are not collected.
+HINT:Do analyze for them in order to generate optimized plan.</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l449e9ec39f86416d9a923babbc870f52">Check whether the following information exists in the log file in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706142651">pg_log</strong> directory. If it does, the poor query performance was caused by the lack of statistics in some tables or columns.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s5cb3f95e9ca4426da01d814eb0788ecb">2017-06-14 17:28:30.336 CST 140644024579856 20971684 [BACKEND] LOG:Statistics in some tables or columns(public.lineitem.l_receiptdate, public.lineitem.l_commitdate, public.lineitem.l_orderkey, public.linei
+tem.l_suppkey, public.orders.o_orderstatus, public.orders.o_orderkey) are not collected.
+2017-06-14 17:28:30.336 CST 140644024579856 20971684 [BACKEND] HINT:Do analyze for them in order to generate optimized plan.</pre>
+</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a86aa21d45388464e8ac947da93c32fe6">By using any of the preceding methods, you can identify tables or columns whose statistics have not been collected using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706143559">ANALYZE</strong>. You can execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706143751">ANALYZE</strong> to warnings or tables and columns recorded in logs to resolve the problem.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s1e06c9086d5c4776a6c005e51b908257"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2: Setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270614396">cost_param</strong> to Optimize Query Performance</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__p18741849101613">For details, see <a href="dws_04_0479.html">Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s433255e95572433aae126e26e676ac87"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 3: Optimization is Not Accurate When Intermediate Results Exist in the Query Where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706153044">JOIN</strong> Is Used for Multiple Tables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__adb1d94d430f943f7a61eac36f648e8e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__en-us_topic_0073253803_en-us_topic_0062578363_b5920464393549">Symptom</strong>: Query the personnel who have checked in an Internet cafe within 15 minutes before and after the check-in of a specified person.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s7c132abe7bf04701832eeb9e40e7f8ab"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">C</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">C</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">C</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbswxx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbswxx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbcs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'522522******3824'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'15 MINUTES'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__aa775b68d228e44088dca206686069766"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__fb2e54654e9f945dbbfcb3347aa535169">Figure 1</a> shows the execution plan. This query takes about 12s.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__fb2e54654e9f945dbbfcb3347aa535169"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__fb2e54654e9f945dbbfcb3347aa535169"></a><a name="fb2e54654e9f945dbbfcb3347aa535169"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Using an unlogged table (1)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__i2974504ff208472fa396c4836412b381" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815236.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a124e2a83711e46218b854db4cffe3848"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a869ef82a080d4ea58c9708089938c038"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__en-us_topic_0073253803_en-us_topic_0062578363_b1658455293558">Optimization analysis:</strong></p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__o238fd9b9e19b4385b3ca49389dcd0061"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l405c6f9c2d6348088fbdf9330d4e7f3b">In the execution plan, index scan is used for node scanning, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165034">Join Filter</strong> calculation in the external <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165042">NEST LOOP IN</strong> statement consumes most of the query time, and the calculation uses the string addition and subtraction, and unequal-value comparison.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__lcedf314f5b8c4913b6f32794d3420803">Use an unlogged table to record the Internet access time of the specified person. The start time and end time are processed during data insertion, and this reduces subsequent addition and subtraction operations.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__sbbcc79f88a4f450e90d94ee380358497"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">//</span><span class="k">Create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">temporary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unlogged</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_tsw</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SWKSSJ_START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SWKSSJ_END</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">WBM</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DZ</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">IPDZ</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">//</span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Internet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">access</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">person</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">temp_tsw</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'15 MINUTES'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'15 MINUTES'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IPDZ</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbswxx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbcs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'522522******3824'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">personnel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">who</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">check</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">an</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Internet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">before</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">after</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minutes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">check</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">person</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Convert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">their</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">card</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">comparison</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IPDZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">XM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWZDH</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_tsw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbswxx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swkssj_start</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swkssj_end</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__aefff839518ce4d229dd9129f6a299edc">The query takes about 7s. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f57ecd89cf73847d1a2183ccf0eed5a4e">Figure 2</a> shows the execution plan.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f57ecd89cf73847d1a2183ccf0eed5a4e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f57ecd89cf73847d1a2183ccf0eed5a4e"></a><a name="f57ecd89cf73847d1a2183ccf0eed5a4e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Using an unlogged table (2)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__idd07117815f6414482e701a08cb49abb" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975234.png"></span></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l2d76d42dbce645f999c13c1b89e48d2a">In the previous plan, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165533">Hash Join</strong> has been executed, and a Hash table has been created for the large table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706152456">b_zyk_wbswxx</strong>. The table contains large amounts of data, so the creation takes long time.<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__a8d91590b49444e728e82013df01f8d5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706152532">temp_tsw</strong> contains only hundreds of records, and an equal-value connection is created between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706152550">temp_tsw</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706152555">b_zyk_wbswxx</strong> using wbdm (the Internet cafe code). Therefore, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165643">JOIN</strong> is changed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165649">NEST LOOP JOIN</strong>, index scan can be used for node scanning, and the performance will be boosted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__lbdfab8f56c694d5cb188e7edee444409">Execute the following statement to change <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165712">JOIN</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b842352706165716">NEST LOOP JOIN</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s9806b71d8bb64694b1f11b5b7bd8d8b6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_hashjoin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__acec42ae628404f76ae202259184f57dd"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f962ab19471574220b202823b708cecaf">Figure 3</a> shows the execution plan. The query takes about 3s.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f962ab19471574220b202823b708cecaf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__f962ab19471574220b202823b708cecaf"></a><a name="f962ab19471574220b202823b708cecaf"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>Using an unlogged table (3)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__ic71682c676c34b8b8d6b05fd241a5bbb" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815101.png"></span></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l39f73c6079cc4b1db152709c53f13fdc">Save the query result set in the unlogged table for paging display.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__ae68bc7f3ef5240e79249763b56fbe2d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__l39f73c6079cc4b1db152709c53f13fdc"></a><a name="l39f73c6079cc4b1db152709c53f13fdc"></a>If paging display needs to be achieved on the upper-layer application page, change the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__b84235270616619">offset</strong> value to determine the result set on the target page. In this way, the previous query statement will be executed every time after a page turning operation, which causes long response latency.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__ae4623ca011664a41ac16be2daf6eca23">To resolve this problem, you are advised to use the unlogged table to save the result set.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__s848551ecb84b4d0d8919a5c7cf6118f7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">//</span><span class="k">Create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">an</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unlogged</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">save</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">WBM</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DZ</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">IPDZ</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">XM</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SWZDH</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unlogged</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insertion</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">takes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">about</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">temp_result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZQH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IPDZ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">XM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmddHH24MISS'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XWSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWZDH</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_tsw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">b_zyk_wbswxx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WBDM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swkssj_start</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swkssj_end</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">int8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">Perform</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paging</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paging</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">takes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">about</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">temp_result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SWKSSJ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ZJHM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__note1450964223914"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__p39259558263">Collecting global statistics using ANALYZE improves query performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974922__p185103422399">If a performance problem occurs, you can use plan hint to adjust the query plan to the previous one. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0450.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0450.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizing Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__s347f3836f37846e6b92dd137ea0aa107"><h4 class="sectiontitle">What Is Operator Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__a123cd839a97d40a484bb6ff214260008">A query statement needs to go through multiple operator procedures to generate the final result. Sometimes, the overall query performance deteriorates due to long execution time of certain operators, which are regarded as bottleneck operators. In this case, you need to execute the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b842352706131458">EXPLAIN ANALYZE/PERFORMANCE</strong> command to view the bottleneck operators, and then perform optimization.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__abf45952235fa439a8bb1587ec03b334f">For example, in the following execution process, the execution time of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b842352706131745">Hashagg</strong> operator accounts for about 66% [(51016-13535)/56476 ≈ 66%] of the total execution time. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b765568739132035">Hashagg</strong> operator is the bottleneck operator for this query. Optimize this operator first.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__p17461342114316"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__image2460104215435" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495159.jpg"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__sa87a94f567c344fda7bda3f0dcd3de5a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Operator Optimization Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__en-us_topic_0073253804_p100769315447">1. Scan the base table. For queries requiring large volume of data filtering, such as point queries or queries that need range scanning, a full table scan using SeqScan will take a long time. To facilitate scanning, you can create indexes on the condition column and select IndexScan for index scanning.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__s22f7f1f3e566410791acd54a3a6232a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">analyze</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2450944</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Memory</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3666</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">020</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">195</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3594</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">611</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3594</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">611</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Seq Scan on store_sales</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2450944</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Removed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4968936</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__sac2c9a001f284e47b8729093d1e6efa7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">analyze</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_sold_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2450944</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Memory</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+------------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+--------------+----------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">81</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">524</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">195</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">352</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">352</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__a1adbec3966c54b8c9c48e89072e90bcd">In this example, the full table scan filters much data and returns 3360 records. After an index has been created on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b842352706155245">ss_sold_date_sk</strong> column, the scanning efficiency is significantly boosted from 3.6s to 13 ms by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270615554">IndexScan</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__a76baf0df684e48988036e8dd736e3f88">2: If NestLoop is used for joining tables with a large number of rows, the join may take a long time. In the following example, NestLoop takes 181s. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b843142163116">enable_mergejoin=off</strong> is set to disable merge join and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b1666891314312">enable_nestloop=off</strong> is set to disable NestLoop so that the optimizer selects hash join, the join takes more than 200 ms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__p11840191418415"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__image88408142412" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975146.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__p71293102423"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__image20129161012426" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815011.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__a059528056ef34e0ca07fe9678e544f71">3. Generally, query performance can be improved by selecting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270616655">HashAgg</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270616718">Sort</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b842352706193218">GroupAgg</strong> are used for a large result set, you need to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270616810">enable_sort</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270616818">off</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b84235270616915">HashAgg</strong> consumes less time than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b1986216344193231">Sort</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__b1973571036193231">GroupAgg</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__p1782144364812"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__image10821114354817" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815148.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__p13079260499"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494643__image183076265499" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895131.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0451.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0451.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizing Data Skew</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1567616298220">Data skew breaks the balance among nodes in the distributed MPP architecture. If the amount of data stored or processed by a node is much greater than that by other nodes, the following problems may occur:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul10903133918227"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li19033392222">Storage skew severely limits the system capacity. The skew on a single node hinders system storage utilization.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li1790317398220">Computing skew severely affects performance. The data to be processed on the skew node is much more than that on other nodes, deteriorating overall system performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li142637597507">Data skew severely affects the scalability of the MPP architecture. During storage or computing, data with the same values is often placed on the same node. Therefore, even if we add nodes after a data skew occurs, the skew data (data with the same values) is still placed on the node and affects the system capacity or performance bottleneck.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1345517311972"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__text1902512283">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a complete solution for data skew, including storage and computing skew.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__sca2958c039fa46ed8b2e765b60168c44"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Skew in the Storage Layer</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ac016d56d630847f58a7aaaf91a515bd8">In the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__text1815116370">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database, data is distributed and stored on each DN. You can improve the query efficiency by using distributed execution. However, if data skew occurs, bottlenecks exist on some DNs during distribution execution, affecting the query performance. This is because the distribution column is not properly selected. This can be solved by adjusting the distribution column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__a10cb3acc5f8d48919bceacd80c89c693">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__s8cb529f293de4bfd92099d23e4db3a79"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">performance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--CStore Scan on lmz.inventory</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">444</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">127</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">42000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6003_6004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">63</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">554</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">27000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6005_6006</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">722</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">033</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">45000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6007_6008</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">529</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">379</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">51000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6009_6010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">382</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">71</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">341</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">36000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6011_6012</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">547</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">274</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">51000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6013_6014</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">596</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">118</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">289</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6015_6016</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">057</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">132</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">346</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">63000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6017_6018</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">940</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">110</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">310</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">54000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6019_6020</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">231</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">41</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">198</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">21000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6021_6022</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">927</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">114</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">538</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">54000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6023_6024</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">637</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">118</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">385</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6025_6026</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">288</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">240</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">15000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6027_6028</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">566</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">118</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">096</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6029_6030</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">423</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">82</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">913</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">42000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6031_6032</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">395</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">78</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">103</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">39000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6033_6034</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">376</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">51</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">052</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dn_6035_6036</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actual</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">569</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">463</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">39000000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__a9e880d94ddf34045a6ceba962e6941db">In the performance information, you can view the number of scan rows of each DN in the inventory table. The number of rows of each DN differs a lot, the biggest is 63000000 and the smallest value is 15000000. This value difference on the performance of data scan is acceptable, but if the join operator exists in the upper-layer, the impact on the performance cannot be ignored.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__af3dcac4765574e6c89b0d4610e99f063">Generally, the data table is hash distributed on each DN; therefore, it is important to choose a proper distribution column. Run table_skewness() to view data skew of each DN in the inventory table. The query result is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__s0b0a40cfc88b4eb4aab8e76ec8ae1513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'inventory'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="w">              </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6015_6016        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">63000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">046</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6013_6014        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">663</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6023_6024        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">663</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6027_6028        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">663</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6017_6018        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">54000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">897</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6021_6022        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">54000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">897</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6007_6008        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">51000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">513</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6011_6012        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">51000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">513</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6005_6006        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">45000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">747</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6001_6002        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">42000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">364</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6029_6030        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">42000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">364</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6031_6032        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">39000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">981</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6035_6036        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">39000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">981</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6009_6010        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">36000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">598</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6003_6004        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">27000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">448</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6033_6034        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">24000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">065</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6019_6020        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">21000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">682</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6025_6026        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">916</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__a9efde4ed96024b19926476bddf665eee">The table definition indicates that the table uses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b43021826208">inv_date_sk</strong> column as the distribution column, which causes a data skew. Based on the data distribution of each column, change the distribution column to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1111520233112">inv_item_sk</strong>. The skew status is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__s774bc7a2c4eb41a498c8cfe7d4c05d63"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'inventory'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="w">              </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6001_6002        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43934200</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">611</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6007_6008        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43829420</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">598</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6003_6004        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43781960</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">592</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6031_6032        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43773880</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">591</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6033_6034        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43763280</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">589</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6011_6012        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43683600</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">579</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6013_6014        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43551660</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">562</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6027_6028        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43546340</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">561</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6009_6010        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43508700</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">557</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6023_6024        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43484540</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">554</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6019_6020        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43466800</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">551</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6021_6022        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43458500</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">550</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6017_6018        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43448040</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">549</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6015_6016        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43247700</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">523</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6005_6006        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43200240</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">517</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6029_6030        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43181360</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">515</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6025_6026        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">43179700</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">515</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;dn_6035_6036        &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">42960080</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">487</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__a93859e15870344418f2554211042ef59">Data skew is solved.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1011111372918">In addition to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b847381105217">table_skewness()</strong> view, you can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1423181595218">table_distribution</strong> function and the <a href="dws_04_0805.html">PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS</a> view to efficiently query the data skew of each table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__sa1f042c3016c439389a4245d02069d39"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Data Skew in the Computing Layer</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p284184441110">Even if data is balanced across nodes after you change the distribution key of a table, data skew may still occur during a query. If data skew occurs in the result set of an operator on a DN, skew will also occur during the computing that involves the operator. Generally, this is caused by data redistribution during the execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1184144491117">During a query, JOIN keys and GROUP BY keys are not used as distribution columns. Data is redistributed among DNs based on the hash values of data on the keys. The redistribution is implemented using the Redistribute operator in an execution plan. Data skew in redistribution columns can lead to data skew during system operation. After the redistribution, some nodes will have much more data, process more data, and will have much lower performance than others.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1584114412112">In the following example, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1239412258214">s</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b82135162120">t</strong> tables are joined, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b69311843112118">s.x</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b18628144516211">t.x</strong> columns in the join condition are not their distribution keys. Table data is redistributed using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1386934542219">REDISTRIBUTE</strong> operator. Data skew occurs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1241532382320">s.x</strong> column and not in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b158851318232">t.x</strong> column. The result set of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b41382913247">Streaming</strong> operator (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b584819280272">id</strong> being <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b285042882717">6</strong>) on datanode2 has data three times that of other DNs and causes a skew.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__s5ef4a77ad42743f2969d7d50b5842d5a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skew</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen16515115161410"> id |                      operation                      |        A-time         
+----+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------
+  1 | -&gt;  Limit                                           | 52622.382             
+  2 |    -&gt;  Streaming (type: GATHER)                     | 52622.374             
+  3 |       -&gt;  Limit                                     | [30138.494,52598.994] 
+  4 |          -&gt;  Sort                                   | [30138.486,52598.986] 
+  5 |             -&gt;  Hash Join (6,8)                     | [30127.013,41483.275] 
+  6 |                -&gt;  Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE)    | [11365.110,22024.845] 
+  7 |                   -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.skew s     | [2019.168,2175.369]   
+  8 |                -&gt;  Hash                             | [2460.108,2499.850]   
+  9 |                   -&gt;  Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE) | [1056.214,1121.887]   
+ 10 |                      -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.test t  | [310.848,325.569]     
+ 
+6 --Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE)
+         datanode1 (rows=5050368)
+         datanode2 (rows=15276032)
+         datanode3 (rows=5174272)
+         datanode4 (rows=5219328)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p7903936161617">It is more difficult to detect skew in computing than in storage. To solve skew in computing, GaussDB provides the Runtime Load Balance Technology (RLBT) solution controlled by the <a href="dws_04_0909.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176">skew_option</a> parameter. The RLBT solution addresses how to detect and solve data skew.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ol74761026123416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li3476142611349">Detect data skew.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p118322022193616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li3476142611349"></a><a name="li3476142611349"></a>The solution first checks whether skew data exists in redistribution columns used for computing. RLBT can detect data skew based on statistics, specified hints, or rules.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul690487193720"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li109041177376">Detection based on statistics<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p270410121375"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li109041177376"></a><a name="li109041177376"></a>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b6256451204515">ANALYZE</strong> statement to collect statistics on tables. The optimizer will automatically identify skew data on redistribution keys based on the statistics and generate optimization plans for queries having potential skew. When the redistribution key has multiple columns, statistics information can be used for identification only when all columns belong to the same base table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p192433157373">The statistics information can only provide the skew of the base table. When a column in the base table is skewed, other columns have filtering conditions, or after the join of other tables, we cannot determine whether the skewed data still exists on the skewed column. If <a href="dws_04_0909.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176">skew_option</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b877942724814">normal</strong>, it indicates that data skew persists and the base tables will be optimized to solve the skew. If <a href="dws_04_0909.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176">skew_option</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b103161016174911">lazy</strong>, it indicates that data skew is solved and the optimization will stop.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li29047783711">Detection based on specified hints<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p931621618376"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li29047783711"></a><a name="li29047783711"></a>The intermediate results of complex queries are difficult to estimate based on statistics. In this case, you can specify hints provide the skew information, based on which the optimizer optimize queries. For details about the syntax of hints, see <a href="dws_04_0462.html">Skew Hints</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li13904376372">Detection based on rules<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p125857175373"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li13904376372"></a><a name="li13904376372"></a>In a business intelligence (BI) system, a large number of SQL statements having outer joins (including left joins, right joins, and full joins) are generated, and many NULL values will be generated in empty columns that have no match for outer joins. If JOIN or GROUP BY operations are performed on the columns, data skew will occur. RLBT can automatically identify this scenario and generate an optimization plan for NULL value skew.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li144701652183518">Solve computing skew.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p16298408196"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li144701652183518"></a><a name="li144701652183518"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1242394681818">Join</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b472104801814">Aggregate</strong> operators are optimized to solve skew.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul1521811414381"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li12181341193814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b556945615187">Join</strong> optimization</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1783223742516">Skew and non-skew data is separately processed. Details are as follows:</p>
+<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ol18789740188"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li109992041797">When redistribution is required on both sides of a join:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p7944135113911"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li109992041797"></a><a name="li109992041797"></a>Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b153081146131315">PART_REDISTRIBUTE_PART_ROUNDROBIN</strong> on the side with skew. Specifically, perform round-robin on skew data and redistribution on non-skew data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p42378111123">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b183191147201316">PART_REDISTRIBUTE_PART_BROADCAST</strong> on the side with no skew. Specifically, perform broadcast on skew data and redistribution on non-skew data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li1287162212914">When redistribution is required on only one side of a join:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p131547131792"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li1287162212914"></a><a name="li1287162212914"></a>Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b142411649151317">PART_REDISTRIBUTE_PART_ROUNDROBIN</strong> on the side where redistribution is required.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1452244691417">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1825155181311">PART_LOCAL_PART_BROADCAST</strong> on the side where redistribution is not required. Specifically, perform broadcast on skew data and retain other data locally.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li67891840187">When a table has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b154261652111313">NULL</strong> values padded:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1382516243178">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b153281143192318">PART_REDISTRIBUTE_PART_LOCAL</strong> on the table. Specifically, retain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b03288433235">NULL</strong> values locally and perform redistribution on other data.</p>
+</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p15494529151920">In the example query, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b12753151773">s.x</strong> column contains skewed data and its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1734662911711">0</strong>. The optimizer identifies the skew data in statistics and generates the following optimization plan:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen143584582195"> id |                                operation                                |        A-time         
+----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------
+  1 | -&gt;  Limit                                                               | 23642.049             
+  2 |    -&gt;  Streaming (type: GATHER)                                         | 23642.041             
+  3 |       -&gt;  Limit                                                         | [23310.768,23618.021] 
+  4 |          -&gt;  Sort                                                       | [23310.761,23618.012] 
+  5 |             -&gt;  Hash Join (6,8)                                         | [20898.341,21115.272] 
+  6 |                -&gt;  Streaming(type: PART REDISTRIBUTE PART ROUNDROBIN)   | [7125.834,7472.111]   
+  7 |                   -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.skew s                         | [1837.079,1911.025]   
+  8 |                -&gt;  Hash                                                 | [2612.484,2640.572]   
+  9 |                   -&gt;  Streaming(type: PART REDISTRIBUTE PART BROADCAST) | [1193.548,1297.894]   
+ 10 |                      -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.test t                      | [314.343,328.707]     
+
+   5 --Vector Hash Join (6,8)
+         Hash Cond: s.x = t.x
+         Skew Join Optimizated by Statistic
+   6 --Streaming(type: PART REDISTRIBUTE PART ROUNDROBIN)
+         datanode1 (rows=7635968)
+         datanode2 (rows=7517184)
+         datanode3 (rows=7748608)
+         datanode4 (rows=7818240)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p12045218208">In the preceding execution plan, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1895211642911">Skew Join Optimized by Statistic</strong> indicates that this is an optimized plan used for handling data skew. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b63055302310">Statistic</strong> keyword indicates that the plan optimization is based on statistics; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b256918372328">Hint</strong> indicates that the optimization is based on hints; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b17920191183319">Rule</strong> indicates that the optimization is based on rules. In this plan, skew and non-skew data is separately processed. Non-skew data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b15985119161413">s</strong> table is redistributed based on its hash values, and skew data (whose value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b198370184104">0</strong>) is evenly distributed on all nodes in round-robin mode. In this way, data skew is solved.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p12025219207">To ensure result correctness, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b38721756171119">t</strong> table also needs to be processed. In the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b2857143518121">t</strong> table, the data whose value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b158761911217">0</strong> (skew value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1718752614121">s.x</strong> table) is broadcast and other data is redistributed based on its hash values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1811952132011">In this way, data skew in JOIN operations is solved. The above result shows that the output of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b5430053141414">Streaming</strong> operator (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1731522201511">id</strong> being <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b37382217151">6</strong>) is balanced and the end-to-end performance of the query is doubled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p6591124684711">If the stream operator type in the execution plan is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1369016544357">HYBRID</strong>, the stream mode varies depending on the skew data. The following plan is an example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen195235521841">EXPLAIN (nodes OFF, costs OFF) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM skew_scol s, skew_scol1 s1 WHERE s.b = s1.c;
+QUERY PLAN
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+id |                                                                         operation
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+1 | -&gt;  Aggregate
+2 |    -&gt;  Streaming (type: GATHER)
+3 |       -&gt;  Aggregate
+4 |          -&gt;  Hash Join (5,7)
+5 |             -&gt;  Streaming(type: HYBRID)
+6 |                -&gt;  Seq Scan on skew_scol s
+7 |             -&gt;  Hash
+8 |                -&gt;  Streaming(type: HYBRID)
+9 |                   -&gt;  Seq Scan on skew_scol1 s1
+
+Predicate Information (identified by plan id)
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+4 --Hash Join (5,7)
+Hash Cond: (s.b = s1.c)
+Skew Join Optimized by Statistic
+5 --Streaming(type: HYBRID)
+Skew Filter: (b = 1)
+Skew Filter: (b = 0)
+8 --Streaming(type: HYBRID)
+Skew Filter: (c = 0)
+Skew Filter: (c = 1)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p859115460479">Data 1 has skew in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1736910203610">skew_scol</strong> table. Perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b67378104362">ROUNDROBIN</strong> on skew data and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b173717105365">REDISTRIBUTE</strong> on non-skew data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p15911746124714">Data 0 is the side with no skew in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b10491731193618">skew_scol</strong> table. Perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1356143143610">BROADCAST</strong> on skew data and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b05663153615">REDISTRIBUTE</strong> on non-skew data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p85918462478">As shown in the preceding figure, the two stream types are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b69865323715">PART REDISTRIBUTE PART ROUNDROBIN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1799415318371">PART REDISTRIBUTE PART BROADCAST</strong>. In this example, the stream type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b799417318375">HYBRID</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul11443172113917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li1144322118392"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b650479121919">Aggregate</strong> optimization</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1473194514497">For aggregation, data on each DN is deduplicated based on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1487151013202">GROUP BY</strong> key and then redistributed. After the deduplication on DNs, the global occurrences of each value will not be greater than the number of DNs. Therefore, no serious data skew will occur. Take the following query as an example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen20940348184912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p423191413501">The command output is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen1246505310505"> id |                 operation                  |         A-time         |  A-rows  
+----+--------------------------------------------+------------------------+----------
+  1 | -&gt;  Streaming (type: GATHER)               | 130621.783             |       12 
+  2 |    -&gt;  GroupAggregate                      | [85499.711,130432.341] |       12 
+  3 |       -&gt;  Sort                             | [85499.509,103145.632] | 36679237 
+  4 |          -&gt;  Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE) | [25668.897,85499.050]  | 36679237 
+  5 |             -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.t       | [9835.069,10416.388]   | 36679237 
+
+   4 --Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE)
+         datanode1 (rows=36678837)
+         datanode2 (rows=100)
+         datanode3 (rows=100)
+         datanode4 (rows=200)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p1411723035119">A large amount of skew data exists. As a result, after data is redistributed based on its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b370104915225">GROUP BY</strong> key, the data volume of datanode1 is hundreds of thousands of times that of others. After optimization, a GROUP BY operation is performed on the DN to deduplicate data. After redistribution, no data skew occurs.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__screen1192275205112"> id |                 operation                  |        A-time          
+----+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------
+  1 | -&gt;  Streaming (type: GATHER)               | 10961.337             
+  2 |    -&gt;  HashAggregate                       | [10953.014,10953.705] 
+  3 |       -&gt;  HashAggregate                    | [10952.957,10953.632] 
+  4 |          -&gt;  Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE) | [10952.859,10953.502] 
+  5 |             -&gt;  HashAggregate              | [10084.280,10947.139] 
+  6 |                -&gt;  Seq Scan on public.t    | [4757.031,5201.168]   
+
+ Predicate Information (identified by plan id) 
+-----------------------------------------------
+   3 --HashAggregate
+         Skew Agg Optimized by Statistic
+
+   4 --Streaming(type: REDISTRIBUTE)
+         datanode1 (rows=17)
+         datanode2 (rows=8)
+         datanode3 (rows=8)
+         datanode4 (rows=14)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__p12028142252">Applicable scope</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul174611613194"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li15689124742119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b8654526132418">Join</strong> operator<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul16965847123010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li7965247153014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b989744514264">nest loop</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b203131647132612">merge join</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b136991948132612">hash join</strong> can be optimized.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li29651447123013">If skew data is on the left to the join, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b830162715273">inner join</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1258602816271">left join</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b68717296271">semi join</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b29328333279">anti join</strong> are supported. If skew data is on the right to the join, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b263165892712">inner join</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b18895135915276">right join</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b193651182814">right semi join</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b102499418289">right anti join</strong> are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li2965174783019">For an optimization plan generated based on statistics, the optimizer checks whether it is optimal by estimating its cost. Optimization plans based on hints or rules are forcibly generated.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li6384195852110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1788510538110">Aggregate</strong> operator<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__ul1623719537308"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li4237653193016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b176754283265">array_agg</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b17988312263">string_agg</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b168471633122610">subplan in agg qual</strong> cannot be optimized.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__li11237453163016">A plan generated based on statistics is affected by its cost, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b4229155212305">plan_mode_seed</strong> parameter, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134672__b1221355733010">best_agg_plan</strong> parameter. A plan generated based on hints or rules are not affected by them.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0445.html">Typical SQL Optimization Methods</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0452.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0452.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__ad1704c533b3145c0b0e84527f84e4f3c">Based on the database SQL execution mechanism and a large number of practices, summarize finds that: using rules of a certain SQL statement, on the basis of the so that the correct test result, which can improve the SQL execution efficiency. You can comply with these rules to greatly improve service query efficiency.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__u92ddb98e9fbe4be7a0c805df8c843d03"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l4a5c8dddaf20464cb4c14cd32becf9de">Replacing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b8423527061175">UNION</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b8423527061172">UNION ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a582ad4b1a6b5494bac8f01c943148e25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706111859">UNION</strong> eliminates duplicate rows while merging two result sets but <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b2035295036203222">UNION ALL</strong> merges the two result sets without deduplication. Therefore, replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b486333212114938">UNION</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b1131587720114938">UNION ALL</strong> if you are sure that the two result sets do not contain duplicate rows based on the service logic.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__li883453014212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706153440">Adding NOT NULL to the join column</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__p517917521418">If there are many <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706162833">NULL</strong> values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706162824">JOIN</strong> columns, you can add the filter criterion <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706162920">IS NOT NULL</strong> to filter data in advance to improve the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706162952">JOIN</strong> efficiency.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__li7979122118211">Converting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270616319">NOT IN</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270616317">NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__p159801210213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163238">nestloop anti join</strong> must be used to implement <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163150">NOT IN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270616343">Hash anti join</strong> is required for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163353">NOT EXISTS</strong>. If no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b22059043014">NULL</strong> value exists in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163524">JOIN</strong> column, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b2006203659163541">NOT IN</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b2114348645163541">NOT EXISTS</strong>. Therefore, if you are sure that no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270617307">NULL</strong> value exists, you can convert <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163820">NOT IN</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163823">NOT EXISTS</strong> to generate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163919">hash joins</strong> and to improve the query performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__p1698112211928">As shown in the following figure, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706155228">t2.d2</strong> column does not contain null values (it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706155115">NOT NULL</strong>) and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b1930992475154956">NOT EXISTS</strong> is used for the query.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__screen19813214215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">d2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__p29821621223">The generated execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__fig69829215214"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706164111">NOT EXISTS</strong> execution plan</span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__p656888105711"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__image767820414588" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814985.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__lbe25437171eb40049fdfa2738da25290">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a20b0e4587ee14f5aaf7ccb814a249c03">hashagg</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a5e5520430c64442a8c4d585a8718f309">If a plan involving groupAgg and SORT operations generated by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163549">GROUP BY</strong> statement is poor in performance, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163616">work_mem</strong> to a larger value to generate a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706163629">hashagg</strong> plan, which does not require sorting and improves the performance.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l075b3843b1094fd8af9493cfea51af37">Replace functions with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a9718845774e14f59956845762f685ec5">CASE</strong> statements<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a2d04428bf92e4e77817352d7d05c9903">The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__text197658622">GaussDB(DWS)</span> performance greatly deteriorates if a large number of functions are called. In this case, you can modify the pushdown functions to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__en-us_topic_0058968293_b2013463445111552">CASE</strong> statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l2e42abdafe464591a46402c5016e31f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706174846">Do not use functions or expressions for indexes.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__a3d88dfc1cc624ddaa6170498baeadbe7">Using functions or expressions for indexes stops indexing. Instead, it enables scanning on the full table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l1aa44c0017d544769c1263820a4ab1af">Do not use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706172121">!=</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706172125">&lt;&gt;</strong> operators, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706112511">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706112526">OR</strong>, or implicit parameter conversion in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706112635">WHERE</strong> clauses.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l2e97f2e667fc49df960105f3fc7af32d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270617564">Split complex SQL statements.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__ad47b8edd10434caf84f53a4552b3b1eb">You can split an SQL statement into several ones and save the execution result to a temporary table if the SQL statement is too complex to be tuned using the solutions above, including but not limited to the following scenarios:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__uec24d743a7554b9590302dee655bfff7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__lc9e7a993930645f6b3410bfdf7869245">The same subquery is involved in multiple SQL statements of a task and the subquery contains large amounts of data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l873b289f78c94914a023f220e6ba9c5a">Incorrect <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b84235270616325">Plan cost</strong> causes a small hash bucket of subquery. For example, the actual number of rows is 10 million, but only 1000 rows are in hash bucket.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l34bd6efb417046ec996aebb6459d9364">Functions such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706115921">substr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706115925">to_number</strong> cause incorrect measures for subqueries containing large amounts of data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__l5ffc00e243a64f3f90aad7a3443905e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494561__b842352706141044">BROADCAST</strong> subqueries are performed on large tables in multi-DN environment.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0453.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0453.html
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index 00000000..f9a119f0
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@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a64f605245dcf406aac16d5a75afd84d5">This section describes the key CN parameters that affect <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__text650549764">GaussDB(DWS)</span> SQL tuning performance. For details about how to configure these parameters, see <a href="dws_04_0885.html">Configuring GUC Parameters</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__t69b44601812b4b668fac5667573af0a4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>CN parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r9c57468779904a9d9071f523b1cc6b26"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a0f39346627074a03aa89d93da8ac0eb6">Parameter/Reference Value</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ad39d2792a8e14f92b598d05fb2e19e27">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r01ee6fe5a5fc4a11852aef3f2fea382b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__adecb383d85df420ebceb2649e1d0dea1">enable_nestloop=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__aecfbd5f3946b4f9a887d8a7b83939668">Specifies how the optimizer uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706204049">Nest Loop Join</strong>. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b20852350">on</strong>, the optimizer preferentially uses <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706204147">Nest Loop Join</strong>. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b2071530905161511">off</strong>, the optimizer preferentially uses other methods, if any.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__n2a6adf8831a04b8dba4ebb4796234597"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__aa738d6e3badd4c97b769f983d685a363">To temporarily change the value of this parameter in the current database connection (that is, the current session), run the following SQL statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__sdf12b5bf2baf47959733e81ca7b37f8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_nestloop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ac76fa50609414045913003845549e102">By default, this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706204649">on</strong>. Change the value as required. Generally, nested loop join has the poorest performance among the three <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b84235270620519">JOIN</strong> methods (nested loop join, merge join, and hash join). You are advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706205148">off</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r8c8749b7839342fcacaf08ed9e75dfb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__acf4f8544705c4de5b66dbcf254d249c0">enable_bitmapscan=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a584f6419370b4971ab2727bef1a38747">Specifies whether the optimizer uses bitmap scanning. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b17591975">on</strong>, bitmap scanning is used. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b1714726175161836">off</strong>, it is not used.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__nc451e59e47dd4d5e845e7e3303b602aa"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a318604c014d64f4fa9c576928a46157b">If you only want to temporarily change the value of this parameter during the current database connection (that is, the current session), run the following SQL statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__sd7452fa5464c41a9aeba2caa6ad72297"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_bitmapscan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ac76944843430412a93e7fde6038c4d06">The bitmap scanning applies only in the query condition where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b84235270613173">a &gt; 1 and b &gt; 1</strong> and indexes are created on columns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706205816">a</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b842352706205820">b</strong>. During performance tuning, if the query performance is poor and bitmapscan operators are in the execution plan, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b84235270621048">off</strong> and check whether the performance is improved.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r797f73ee266c44c9895790964bba9b58"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a179702c3c3fe4b87bffcc32c81b8621c">enable_fast_query_shipping=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ab9981efbe91f4a76abe472e1bf77b070">Specifies whether the optimizer uses a distribution framework. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b12329649">on</strong>, the execution plan is generated on both CNs and DNs. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b1084894937162137">off</strong>, the distribution framework is used, that is, the execution plan is generated on the CNs and then sent to DNs for execution.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__n2b799f1879c444e79676aaef5c28d431"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__acf28372790b54abe81b26951128b5de6">To temporarily change the value of this parameter in the current database connection (that is, the current session), run the following SQL statement:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__s7032c6db5fbd41058201d091997391c6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_fast_query_shipping</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ra3fc59f49c704b12ae3e0f37feb551ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__aede5354e563040159c3acd3e3f508fc9">enable_hashagg=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a782b876fa82944d9812296dbf472864e">Specifies whether to enable the optimizer's use of Hash-aggregation plan types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__rd0ca66a52d2a40a693c7b739e46faf44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a75b346774e2348a68d8572379f9a52ce">enable_hashjoin=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a9b62a53403fc4d1297bd349dc268169d">Specifies whether to enable the optimizer's use of Hash-join plan types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r75ad47314171442c93730ada16c4a445"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a645d1829371543429be18d89f0d0ea98">enable_mergejoin=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a8ed925c95cd14c138fdd415f48d33e52">Specifies whether to enable the optimizer's use of Hash-merge plan types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r7c8b70409f2b4aa9980e36d9a78a9544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a6702a6a865234c788dc7b0d78d082c3c">enable_indexscan=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ab1186d35275b478eab02fc4131289994">Specifies whether to enable the optimizer's use of index-scan plan types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r0e6ef8d148ad4c0889e514aab2e78189"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ae2decad7c42347219cdda5399a07a2cb">enable_indexonlyscan=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a2653f011c9f442dda5dd1445864b21fb">Specifies whether to enable the optimizer's use of index-only-scan plan types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r6f777c61d09a456fa310c37fb6d20afa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__afc6945c37692402988d5aa0b42e89999">enable_seqscan=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ae706f553e65f440490f3c767c28c425f">Specifies whether the optimizer uses bitmap scanning. It is impossible to suppress sequential scans entirely, but setting this variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b41076330152658">off</strong> allows the optimizer to preferentially choose other methods if available.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__rd0adb902fcde417398436349b9a8866b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__a85f1a38b791c417cb34de47a5a1f512c">enable_sort=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ac184887fc9914123b9ea48e8987843d2">Specifies the optimizer sorts. It is impossible to fully suppress explicit sorts, but setting this variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__en-us_topic_0058968309_b22292535152658">off</strong> allows the optimizer to preferentially choose other methods if available.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__r931ae054e818406db535b63b01c452c9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__af42b486887224fc69b9e5f955096159c">enable_broadcast=on</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__ab822d758c2eb4ec29a63ee86ffa20ab1">Specifies whether enable the optimizer's use of data broadcast. In data broadcast, a large amount of data is transferred on the network. When the number of transmission nodes (stream) is large and the estimation is inaccurate, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__b84235270613279">off</strong> and check whether the performance is improved.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__row91254119407"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__p5125511194014">rewrite_rule</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494953__p3125411124017">Specifies whether the optimizer enables the LAZY_AGG and MAGIC_SET rewriting rules.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0454.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0454.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34bd511d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0454.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655232"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655232"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Hint-based Tuning</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0455.html">Plan Hint Optimization</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0456.html">Join Order Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0457.html">Join Operation Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0458.html">Rows Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0459.html">Stream Operation Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0460.html">Scan Operation Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0461.html">Sublink Name Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0462.html">Skew Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0463.html">Configuration Parameter Hints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0464.html">Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0465.html">Plan Hint Cases</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0455.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0455.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eed63720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0455.html
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Plan Hint Optimization</h1>
+<div id="body1536647564178"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p10057376101611">In plan hints, you can specify a join order, join, stream, and scan operations, the number of rows in a result, and redistribution skew information to tune an execution plan, improving query performance.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section54351718142011"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p1281023874112">The hint syntax must follow immediately after a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b4186160193711">SELECT</strong> keyword and is written in the following format:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__screen7552435423"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/*+ &lt;plan hint&gt;*/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p14302012112112">You can specify multiple hints for a query plan and separate them by spaces. A hint specified for a query plan does not apply to its subquery plans. To specify a hint for a subquery, add the hint following the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b16511174194615">SELECT</strong> of this subquery.</p>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p7688030104742">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__screen20255132863510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ &lt;plan_hint1&gt; &lt;plan_hint2&gt; */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ &lt;plan_hint3&gt; */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p6698226910490">In the preceding command, &lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__i9538165419448">plan_hint1</em>&gt; and &lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__i76071059164415">plan_hint2</em>&gt; are the hints of a query, and &lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__i159702299456">plan_hint3</em>&gt; is the hint of its subquery.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__note1172193415435"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p95011638124318">If a hint is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b1427417124489">CREATE VIEW</strong> statement, the hint will be applied each time this view is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p29571631215312">If the random plan function is enabled (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b1353105315405">plan_mode_seed</strong> is set to a value other than 0), the specified hint will not be used.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section1748920122313"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Supported Hints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p595686132716">Currently, the following hints are supported:</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__ul119219210409"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li219214264019">Join order hints (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b43196256388">leading</strong>)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li71923213401">Join operation hints, excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b1884865214562">semi join</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b19969115515617">anti join</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b1432965915611">unique plan</strong> hints</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li51928244018">Rows hints</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li1219215210403">Stream operation hints</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li3192102134010">Scan operation hints, supporting only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b5698181433710">tablescan</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b146871318133714">indexscan</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b3823528103717">indexonlyscan</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li171920216406">Sublink name hints</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li1845814451141">Skew hints, supporting only the skew in the redistribution involving Join or HashAgg</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li197521416112414">Configuration parameter hints, supporting the parameters described in <a href="dws_04_0463.html">Configuration Parameter Hints</a></li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section19195171972812"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__ul14701417175116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li147011917115115">Hints do not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b1944551516417">Agg</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b178061813416">Sort</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b2802022204119">Setop</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__b6522994110">Subplan</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__li37011217115119">Hints do not support SMP or Node Groups.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912"></a><a name="section671421102912"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p66216297298">The following is the original plan and is used for comparing with the optimized ones:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__screen4673117425"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_store_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_zip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_zip</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_street_number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_street_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_city</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_zip</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cnt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_wholesale_cost</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_coupon_amt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">promotion</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ss_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ss_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ss_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ss_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ss_ticket_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_ticket_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">c_current_addr_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ss_promo_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p_promo_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">i_color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'maroon'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'burnished'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'dim'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'steel'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'navajo'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'chocolate'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">i_current_price</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">i_current_price</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_store_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_zip</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ad2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__p176997138358"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__image2699181316351" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895151.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0456.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0456.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ef2f8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0456.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Join Order Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section97491741123412"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p1899334819349">Theses hints specify the join order and outer/inner tables.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section128191729143517"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__ul188666143526"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li386691417528">Specify only the join order.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__screen1897710421122"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">leading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">join_table_list</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__ul8659131819528"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li1465921812522">Specify the join order and outer/inner tables. The outer/inner tables are specified by the outermost parentheses.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__screen18528112721316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">leading</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">join_table_list</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section1280444714345"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section1280444714345"></a><a name="section1280444714345"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p15208507581"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__i48557201119">join_table_list</em> specifies the tables to be joined. The values can be table names or table aliases. If a subquery is pulled up, the value can also be the subquery alias. Separate the values with spaces. You can add parentheses to specify the join priorities of tables.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__note652010508589"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p4520195025813">A table name or alias can only be a string without a schema name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p35030564144059">An alias (if any) is used to represent a table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p4768657111834">To prevent semantic errors, tables in the list must meet the following requirements:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__ul17260195975717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li226010597578">The tables must exist in the query or its subquery to be pulled up.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li52601659115711">The table names must be unique in the query or subquery to be pulled up. If they are not, their aliases must be unique.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li1326016595570">A table appears only once in the list.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__li92601599574">An alias (if any) is used to represent a table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p1006858011834">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p10791356174841"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b14429516152918">leading(t1 t2 t3 t4 t5)</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b182774813011">t1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b121731511123013">t2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b6629191411304">t3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b19741131812305">t4</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b081313226302">t5</strong> are joined. The join order and outer/inner tables are not specified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p2350836311834"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b966212011290">leading(t1 t2 t3 t4 t5)</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b182774813011_1">t1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b121731511123013_1">t2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b6629191411304_1">t3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b19741131812305_1">t4</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b081313226302_1">t5</strong> are joined in sequence. The table on the right is used as the inner table in each join.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p62137248175715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b4386735102916">leading(t1 (t2 t3 t4) t5)</strong>: First, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b9534104613396">t2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1597204920391">t3</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b6725125117395">t4</strong> are joined and the outer/inner tables are not specified. Then, the result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b41786115411">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b8183716419">t5</strong>, and the outer/inner tables are not specified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p760856193620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b217774017295">leading(t1 (t2 t3 t4) t5)</strong>: First, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b88729586418">t2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b14959111104211">t3</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1493115464219">t4</strong> are joined and the outer/inner tables are not specified. Then, the result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1416212914431">t1</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b115386240443">(t2 t3 t4)</strong> is used as the inner table. Finally, the result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1111345814454">t5</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1482351094614">t5</strong> is used as the inner table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p4896571818053"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b174814213515">leading((t1 (t2 t3) t4 t5)) leading((t3 t2))</strong>: First, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b7768174419461">t2</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1996173017478">t3</strong> are joined and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b143101537154719">t2</strong> is used as the inner table. Then, the result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b28041036184816">t1</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b179121440144812">(t2 t3)</strong> is used as the inner table. Finally, the result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b15590164135017">t4</strong> and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b183521177503">t5</strong>, and the table on the right in each join is used as the inner table.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p1698632723710">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__screen5125050101413"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ leading((((((store_sales store) promotion) item) customer) ad2) store_returns) leading((store store_sales))*/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p35873872152236">First, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b8896252175710">store_sales</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b1740215557570">store</strong> are joined and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b05841425135819">store_sales</strong> is the inner table. Then, The result is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b43835418582">promotion</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b125222195912">item</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b18832658597">customer</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b11941785594">ad2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__b56931112175915">store_returns</strong> in sequence. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p15822422163618"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__image68221322183614" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695177.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__p50454036152424">For details about the warning at the top of the plan, see <a href="dws_04_0464.html">Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0457.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0457.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..224773d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0457.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Join Operation Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p0435135710376">Specifies the join method. It can be nested loop join, hash join, or merge join.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section3654114133815"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__screen633016295385"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">no</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nestloop</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">hashjoin</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">mergejoin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table_list</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section35948678143011"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section35948678143011"></a><a name="section35948678143011"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__ul99028441556"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__li13902184410513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b1032416913113">no</strong> indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__ul139031441510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__li1090312446510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__li1090312446510"></a><a name="li1090312446510"></a><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__i1582382232010">table_list</em> specifies the tables to be joined. The values are the same as those of <a href="dws_04_0456.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495005__section1280444714345">join_table_list</a> but contain no parentheses.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p1210634411913">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p4184823611913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b15134192142">no nestloop(t1 t2 t3)</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b109721842171411">nestloop</strong> is not used for joining <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b546119133152">t1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b13373316191514">t2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b13847218151518">t3</strong>. The three tables may be joined in either of the two ways: Join <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b1688215611915">t2</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b849441062020">t3</strong>, and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b6640823112013">t1</strong>; join <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b3833175619204">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b15759105992017">t2</strong>, and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b1283615215219">t3</strong>. This hint takes effect only for the last join. If necessary, you can hint other joins. For example, you can add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b11570138112712">no nestloop(t2 t3)</strong> to join <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b968274322819">t2</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b3950154672816">t3</strong> first and to forbid the use of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b4822154162810">nestloop</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p1698632723710">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__screen1097581733915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ nestloop(store_sales store_returns item) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p35873872152236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b597219072514">nestloop</strong> is used for the last join between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b1851143142515">store_sales</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b18644682513">store_returns</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__b15759165342512">item</strong>. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__p1369718253710"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__image11697172173716" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655372.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0458.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0458.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5d736d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0458.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Rows Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p4189348153917">These hints specify the number of rows in an intermediate result set. Both absolute values and relative values are supported.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__section6280155403"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__screen104876227404"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#|+|-|*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">const</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__section55696776143642"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__ul1778319872017"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__li178378142012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b13527183815202">#</strong>,<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b5527738132010">+</strong>,<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b148213416206">-</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b01684286209">*</strong> are operators used for hinting the estimation. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b2498111414615">#</strong> indicates that the original estimation is used without any calculation. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b5527738132010_1">+</strong>,<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b148213416206_1">-</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b01684286209_1">*</strong> indicate that the original estimation is calculated using these operators. The minimum calculation result is 1. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__i116631341135914">table_list</em> specifies the tables to be joined. The values are the same as those of <a href="dws_04_0457.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__li1090312446510">table_list</a> in <a href="dws_04_0457.html">Join Operation Hints</a>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__ul9783180208"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__li127831884207"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__i175371325514">const</em> can be any non-negative number and supports scientific notation.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p1648295411923">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p1412886411923"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b179871438218">rows(t1 #5)</strong>: The result set of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b29773416216">t1</strong> is five rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p6005091311923"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b97618511824">rows(t1 t2 t3 *1000)</strong>: Multiply the result set of joined <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b583212777">t1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b15151961071">t2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b790168371">t3</strong> by 1000.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__section99281150122819"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Suggestion</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__ul19827192311618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__li208275234618">The hint using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b14770538155813">*</strong> for two tables is recommended, because this hint will take effect for a join as long as the two tables appear on both sides of this join. For example, if the hint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b13430657558">rows(t1 t2 * 3)</strong>, the join result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b132271625565">(t1 t3 t4)</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b74025331867">(t2 t5 t6)</strong> will be multiplied by 3 because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b63006361187">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b1456983918813">t2</strong> appear on both sides of the join.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__li19827323764"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b515810241216">rows</strong> hints can be specified for the result sets of a single table, multiple tables, function tables, and subquery scan tables.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p1698632723710">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__screen260013817409"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ rows(store_sales store_returns *50) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p35873872152236">Multiply the result set of joined <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b20520103713135">store_sales</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b1652163731315">store_returns</strong> by 50. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p16558410377"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__image56552041163718" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895087.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__p47433577154030">The estimation value after the hint in row 11 is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814371__b1325264591615">360</strong>, and the original value is rounded off to 7.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0459.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0459.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36decf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0459.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stream Operation Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__p6952105124120">These hints specify a stream operation, which can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b4971143352713">broadcast</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b1767375122620">redistribute</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__section17783121184117"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__screen682272534119"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">no</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">broadcast</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">redistribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table_list</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__section3914251214383"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__ul14347162691914"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__li143471926121911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b1032416913113">no</strong> indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__ul1334719263193"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__li1734719264194"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__i25311812172811">table_list</em> specifies the tables to be joined. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0457.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134840__section35948678143011">Parameter Description</a>.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__p1698632723710">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__screen19749123984117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ no redistribute(store_sales store_returns item store) leading(((store_sales store_returns item store) customer)) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__p35873872152236">In the original plan, the join result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b5894843191114">store_sales</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b10600048201114">store_returns</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b85071452131112">item</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b1289405515119">store</strong> is redistributed before it is joined with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__b1942114567234">customer</strong>. After the hinting, the redistribution is disabled and the join order is retained. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__p981419333811"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974946__image781353143813" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495247.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0460.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0460.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b93a976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0460.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Scan Operation Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p18841126184211">These hints specify a scan operation, which can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b4971143352713">tablescan</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b1436844115184">indexscan</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b1767375122620">indexonlyscan</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__section17380317104213"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__screen0396113074210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">no</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablescan</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">indexscan</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">indexonlyscan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">index</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__section35087980143822"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__ul12666121741113"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__li76667177115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b1032416913113">no</strong> indicates that the specified hint will not be used for a join.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__ul162295411118"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__li152296414118"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__i188894474198">table</em> specifies the table to be scanned. You can specify only one table. Use a table alias (if any) instead of a table name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__li72291148110"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__i8856173202115">index</em> indicates the index for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b570142117227">indexscan</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b245052811221">indexonlyscan</strong>. You can specify only one index.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__note22524892145054"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p1609102014512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b9215191663615">indexscan</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b655183115360">indexonlyscan</strong> hints can be used only when the specified index belongs to the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p1060146014512">Scan operation hints can be used for row-store tables, column-store tables, HDFS tables, HDFS foreign tables, OBS tables, and subquery tables. HDFS tables include primary tables and delta tables. The delta tables are invisible to users. Therefore, scan operation hints are used only for primary tables.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p50606497145546">To specify an index-based hint for a scan, create an index named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b1953518652719">i</strong> on the<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b4872141717274"> i_item_sk</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b1013291272">item</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__screen27545314435"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p1698632723710">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__screen194951433184320"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ indexscan(item i) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p35873872152236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__b11234148172410">item</strong> is scanned based on an index. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__p2249174015383"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134528__image3249174043812" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815122.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0461.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0461.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6afcb593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0461.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Sublink Name Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__p164213954412">These hints specify the name of a sublink block.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__section530131664410"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__screen12840329184412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">blockname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__section41303128143838"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__ul7813152810126"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__li98131128181220"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__i846442452912">table</em> indicates the name you have specified for a sublink block.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__note133365763113"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__ul3357282517550"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__li3371996917550">This hint is used by an outer query only when a sublink is pulled up. Currently, only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b1336874413012">Agg</strong> equivalent join, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b123821116306">IN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b84331327203">EXISTS</strong> sublinks can be pulled up. This hint is usually used together with the hints described in the previous sections.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__ul481942317312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__li38181823123116">The subquery after the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b1857114810354">FROM</strong> keyword is hinted by using the subquery alias. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b45421518361">blockname</strong> becomes invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__li6819102317313">If a sublink contains multiple tables, the tables will be joined with the outer-query tables in a random sequence after the sublink is pulled up. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b181546142114">blockname</strong> also becomes invalid.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__section1127715590585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__screen1347124316443"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+nestloop(store_sales tt) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+blockname(tt)*/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__p35873872152236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b71590573369">tt</strong> indicates the sublink block name. After being pulled up, the sublink is joined with the outer-query table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b104532046113818">store_sales</strong> by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__b10320727162811">nestloop</strong>. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__p11537141123911"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894845__image253718112390" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655374.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0462.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0462.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..961b880f
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Skew Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1543482317963"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__section290819468377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p164213954412">Theses hints specify redistribution keys containing skew data and skew values, and are used to optimize redistribution involving Join or HashAgg.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__section530131664410"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul4920124610417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li1192094616410">Specify single-table skew.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen67171647938"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">skew</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)])</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li209211046745">Specify intermediate result skew.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen14923573417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">skew</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">join_rel</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)])</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__section41303128143838"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul7813152810126"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li98131128181220"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b179821130201818">table</strong> specifies the table where skew occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li948751319356"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b18488191393511">join_rel</strong> specifies two or more joined tables. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1851613545912">(t1 t2)</strong> indicates that the result of joining <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b13734195115915">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1041517499592">t2</strong> tables contains skew data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li451542111339"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1851519213337">column</strong> specifies one or more columns where skew occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li51430225337"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b514392283314">value</strong> specifies one or more skew values.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__note133365763113"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul3357282517550"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li14959916114719">Skew hints are used only if redistribution is required and the specified skew information matches the redistribution information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li9346203318118">Skew hints are controlled by the GUC parameter <a href="dws_04_0909.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176">skew_option</a>. If the parameter is disabled, skew hints cannot be used for solving skew.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li3371996917550">Currently, skew hints support only the table relationships of the ordinary table and subquery types. Hints can be specified for base tables, subqueries, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b09644618206">WITH ... AS</strong> clauses. Unlike other hints, a subquery can be used in skew hints regardless of whether it is pulled up.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li665513134485">Use an alias (if any) to specify a table where data skew occurs.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul481942317312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li38181823123116">You can use a name or an alias to specify a skew column as long as it is not ambiguous. The columns in skew hints cannot be expressions. If data skew occurs in the redistribution that uses an expression as a redistribution key, set the redistribution key as a new column and specify the column in skew hints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li411213364439">The number of skew values must be an integer multiple of the number of columns. Skew values must be grouped based on the column sequence, with each group containing a maximum of 10 values. You can specify duplicate values to group skew columns having different number of skew values. For example, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b2260164012201">c1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1489164219206">c2</strong> columns of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1793024912200">t1</strong> table contains skew data. The skew value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b24781915182113">c1</strong> column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b889271762113">a1</strong>, and the skew values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b231982720216">c2</strong> column are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b53261030172112">b1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b116761332192110">b2</strong>. In this case, the skew hint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b660935419218">skew(t1 (c1 c2) ((a1 b1)(a1 b2)))</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b7218191551717">(a1 b1)</strong> is a value group, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1821951511719">NULL</strong> is allowed as a skew value. Each hint can contain a maximum of 10 groups and the number of groups should be an integer multiple of the number of columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li4800458194620">In the redistribution optimization of Join, a skew value must be specified for skew hints. The skew value can be left empty for HashAgg.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li699511486534">If multiple tables, columns, or values are specified, separate items of the same type with spaces.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li1130155717549">The type of skew values cannot be forcibly converted in hints. To specify a string, enclose it with single quotation marks (' ').</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p11571335134810">Example:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul14835192215556"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li108352227558">Specify single-table skew.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p183121031115512"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li108352227558"></a><a name="li108352227558"></a>Each skew hint describes the skew information of one table relationship. To describe the skews of multiple table relationships in a query, specify multiple skew hints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p17972182411553">Skew hints have the following formats:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul13579114317550"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li10579104320556">One skew value in one column: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b11856203073917">skew(t (c1) (v1))</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p93051478551">Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1871133464017">v1</strong> value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b95301144124019">c1</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b736852114017">t</strong> table relationship causes skew in query execution.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li357994313556">Multiple skew values in one column: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1177912342423">skew(t (c1) (v1 v2 v3 ...))</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1871394845515">Description: Values including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b12349134115426">v1,</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b691914434425">v2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b13759494429">v3</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b874692544318">c1</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b13001131184317">t</strong> table relationship cause skew in query execution.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li20579104314552">Multiple columns, each having one skew value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b893116312444">skew(t (c1 c2) (v1 v2))</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p3727114905518">Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b621812515453">v1</strong> value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b18218112518451">c1</strong> column and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b2087418438451">v2</strong> value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b6874104374517">c2</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1621952513452">t</strong> table relationship cause skew in query execution.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li1257913434557">Multiple columns, each having multiple skew values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b247142420462">skew(t (c1 c2) ((v1 v2) (v3 v4) (v5 v6) ...))</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p10891125045516">Description: Values including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b7846153611460">v1,</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b11846436124617">v3</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b15847113614468">v5</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b5847236174614">c1</strong> column and values including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1145145234618">v2,</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1645115219468">v4</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1245195215468">v6</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b1746195218463">c2</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b6847103694614">t</strong> table relationship cause skew in query execution.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__note19227161962210"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p208541936144516">In the last format, parentheses for skew value groups can be omitted, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b34119561542">skew(t (c1 c2) (v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 ...))</strong>. In a skew hint, either use parentheses for all skew value groups or for none of them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1311818193483">Otherwise, a syntax error will be generated. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b721034317915">skew(t (c1 c2) (v1 v2 v3 v4 (v5 v6) ...))</strong> will generate an error.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul5152161214149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li99931711562">Specify intermediate result skew.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p7630132275617"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li99931711562"></a><a name="li99931711562"></a>If data skew does not occur in base tables but in an intermediate result during query execution, specify skew hints of the intermediate result to solve the skew. The format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b4148653144912">skew((t1 t2) (c1) (v1))</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p11167102515567">Description: Data skew occurs after the table relationships <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b4759164053817">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b8761340143816">t2</strong> are joined. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b2761174043819">c1</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b2076194063819">t1</strong> table contains skew data and its skew value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b9763164023811">v1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p59151383568"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b105218408521">c1</strong> can exist only in a table relationship of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b12398184815217">join_rel</strong>. If there is another column having the same name, use aliases to avoid ambiguity.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__section99281150122819"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Suggestion</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul19827192311618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li208275234618">For a multi-level query, write the hint on the layer where data skew occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li684316261356">For a listed subquery, you can specify the subquery name in a hint. If you know data skew occurs on which base table, directly specify the table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li19827323764">Aliases are preferred when you specify a table or column in a hint.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__section780913135614"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p13554162643619">Specify single-table skew.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul4727174618186"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li185061372569">Specify hints in the original query.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p6242133885619"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li185061372569"></a><a name="li185061372569"></a>For example, the original query is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen1347124316443"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SR_FEE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_returned_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_date_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'NM'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p168241747298"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__image198241340293" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695097.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1964013358219">Specify the hints of HashAgg in the inner <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b630818333111">with</strong> clause and of the outer Hash Join. The query containing hints is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen194951433184320"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ skew(store_returns(sr_store_sk sr_customer_sk)) */</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SR_FEE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_returned_date_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_date_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="cm">/*+ skew(ctr1(ctr_customer_sk)(11))*/</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctr_total_return</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_total_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'NM'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctr1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ctr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p491032201810">The hints indicate that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b171021514128">group by</strong> in the inner <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b189605461215">with</strong> clause contains skew data during redistribution by HashAgg, corresponding to the original Hash Agg operators 10 and 21; and that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b10833125618139">ctr_customer_sk</strong> column in the outer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__b20386021417">ctr1</strong> table contains skew data during redistribution by Hash Join, corresponding to operator 6 in the original plan. The optimized plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p15340104812278"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__image3340124812715" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815021.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p35873872152236">To solve data skew in the redistribution, Hash Agg is changed to double-level Agg operators and the redistribution operators used by Hash Join are changed in the optimized plan.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__ul158125416184"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li36611151125615">Modify the query and then specify hints.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p145361352185616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__li36611151125615"></a><a name="li36611151125615"></a>For example, the original query and its plan are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen206121055105113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p430515361280"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__image8305103612280" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975158.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p8875256145913">Columns in hints do not support expressions. To specify hints, rewrite the query as several subqueries. The rewritten query and its plan are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen1962513418118"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1978041252917"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__image15779112142913" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975154.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p118651731845">Ensure that the service logic is not changed during the rewriting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p0533241750">Specify hints in the rewritten query as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen6416469111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ skew(tmp(a)) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p633451914716"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__image13334419573" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895139.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1329514175113">The plan shows that after Hash Agg is changed to double-layer Agg operators, redistributed data is greatly reduced and redistribution time shortened.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__p1452543111226">You can specify hints in columns in a subquery, for example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814573__screen3934194816238"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+ skew(tmp(b)) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_list_price</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales_1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ss_hdemo_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0463.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0463.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d4477b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0463.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuration Parameter Hints</h1>
+<div id="body1608276293763"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__section6314183673614"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__p1890738133110">A hint, or a GUC hint, specifies a configuration parameter value when a plan is generated. Currently, only the following parameters are supported:</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__ul71369753618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li17136187153619">agg_redistribute_enhancement</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li18637135733715">best_agg_plan</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li13561139183814">enable_fast_query_shipping</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li8990210173819">enable_hashagg</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li125541317193814">enable_hashjoin</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li1699752111386">enable_indexscan</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li617372693818">enable_nestloop</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li014683017389">enable_nodegroup_debug</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li11873334163814">expected_computing_nodegroup</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li71143910389">qrw_inlist2join_optmode</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li427513433386">query_dop</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li122741147163813">rewrite_rule</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li14473165113817">skew_option</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__section16613144810377"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__screen186956873815">set [global](guc_name guc_value)</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__section2332184743911"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__ul721921684014"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li169711246184711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b11398112771813">global</strong> indicates that the parameter set by hint takes effect at the statement level. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b108281024133315">global</strong> is not specified, the parameter takes effect only in the subquery where the hint is located.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li821910163408"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b725081172615">guc_name</strong> indicates the name of the configuration parameter specified by hint.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__ul99552335403"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li1195543315403"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b68648332610">guc_value</strong> indicates the value of a configuration parameter specified by hint.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__note2495444194116"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__ul34026593410"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li2071723511504">If a parameter set by hint takes effect at the statement level, the hint must be written to the top-level query instead of the subquery. For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b1426113610367">UNION</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b12353163920361">INTERSECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b740210416369">EXCEPT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b9688543113616">MINUS</strong> statements, you can write the GUC hint at the statement level to any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b8209155319366">SELECT</strong> clause that participates in the set operation. The configuration parameters set by the GUC hint take effect on each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b57201510123710">SELECT</strong> clause that participates in the set operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li39421582428">When a subquery is pulled up, all GUC hints on the subquery are discarded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li1648712867">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b91691224578">enable_fast_query_shipping</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b1367666195712">enable_nodegroup_debug</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b12835121114575">expected_computing_nodegroup</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b10789191515577">query_dop</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b66501732175720">rewrite_rule</strong> parameters can be set only at the statement level.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__li234519247266">If a parameter is set by both the statement-level GUC hint and the subquery-level GUC hint, the subquery-level GUC hint takes effect in the corresponding subquery, and the statement-level GUC hint takes effect in other subqueries of the statement.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__section10533624154212"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__p24781341174213">Hint the query plan in <a href="dws_04_0455.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974750__section671421102912">Examples</a> as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__screen1769012916445">explain
+select /*+ set global(query_dop 0) */ i_product_name product_name
+...</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__p67181253164414">This hint indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b1177215233263">query_dop</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__b13778142382611">0</strong> when the plan for a statement is generated, which means the SMP adaptation function is enabled. The generated plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__p58781332164513"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895003__image1287819329457" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695193.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0464.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0464.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..128799c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0464.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Hint Errors, Conflicts, and Other Warnings</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018690"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p12766133819328">Plan hints change an execution plan. You can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b184351781581">EXPLAIN</strong> to view the changes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p678775420343">Hints containing errors are invalid and do not affect statement execution. The errors will be displayed in different ways based on statement types. Hint errors in an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b159244018131">EXPLAIN</strong> statement are displayed as a warning on the interface. Hint errors in other statements will be recorded in debug1-level logs containing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1765654410158">PLANHINT</strong> keyword.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__section324915591461"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Hint Error Types</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul1942963044717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li164298309473">Syntax errors.<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p16360191514202"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li164298309473"></a><a name="li164298309473"></a>An error will be reported if the syntax tree fails to be reduced. The No. of the row generating an error is displayed in the error details.</p>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p79295064920">For example, the hint keyword is incorrect, no table or only one table is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b14511718519">leading</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b159331441519">join</strong> hint, or no tables are specified in other hints. The parsing of a hint is terminated immediately after a syntax error is detected. Only the hints that have been parsed successfully are valid.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p3929204491">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__screen11219148111211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">leading</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nestloop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p4929120184910">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b157091045153312">nestloop(t1)</strong> is wrong and its parsing is terminated. Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b660616309341">leading(t1 t2)</strong> that has been successfully parsed before <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b136191317123614">nestloop(t1)</strong> is valid.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li17463135184710">Semantic errors.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul1632163651611"><li class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li892173219164">An error will be reported if the specified tables do not exist, multiple tables are found based on the hint setting, or a table is used more than once in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b169361251193915">leading</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b533155563915">join</strong> hint.</li><li class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li89221232171610">An error will be reported if the index specified in a scan hint does not exist.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li292293213167">If multiple tables with the same name exist after a subquery is pulled up and some of them need to be hinted, add aliases for them to avoid name duplication.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li78381044154718">Duplicated or conflicted hints.<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p61711154152019"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li78381044154718"></a><a name="li78381044154718"></a>If hint duplication or conflicts occur, only the first hint takes effect. A message will be displayed to describe the situation.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul13697155141712"><li class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li547212214175">Hint duplication indicates that a hint is used more than once in the same query, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1356005216545">nestloop(t1 t2) nestloop(t1 t2)</strong>.</li><li class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li2073741717210">A hint conflict indicates that the functions of two hints with the same table list conflict with each other.<div class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p117111318142112"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li2073741717210"></a><a name="li2073741717210"></a>For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b133496361730">nestloop (t1 t2) hashjoin (t1 t2)</strong> is used, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1166942410">hashjoin (t1 t2)</strong> becomes invalid. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b853320539414">nestloop(t1 t2)</strong> does not conflict with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b196091131554">no mergejoin(t1 t2)</strong>.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__note287285719176"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p18796154441713">The table list in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1424110105255">leading</strong> hint is disassembled. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b79456252253">leading (t1 t2 t3)</strong> will be disassembled as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b611411442710">leading(t1 t2) leading((t1 t2) t3)</strong>, which will conflict with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b14669256132711">leading(t2 t1)</strong> (if any). In this case, the latter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b5129165120288">leading(t2 t1)</strong> becomes invalid. If two hints use duplicated table lists and only one of them has the specified outer/inner table, the one without a specified outer/inner table becomes invalid.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li23716011485">A hint becomes invalid after a sublink is pulled up.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__p9923184714915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li23716011485"></a><a name="li23716011485"></a>In this case, a message will be displayed. Generally, such invalidation occurs if a sublink contains multiple tables to be joined, because the table list in the sublink becomes invalid after the sublink is pulled up.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li132222062914">Unsupported column types.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul632202018298"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li3322620152919">Skew hints are specified to optimize redistribution. They will be invalid if their corresponding columns do not support redistribution.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li79497816481">Specified hints are not used.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul0595185595016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li13500852135017">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1431753185210">hashjoin</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b168636185319">mergejoin</strong> is specified for non-equivalent joins, it will not be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li15012052175010">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b241111124519">indexscan</strong> or<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b8858913164510"> indexonlyscan</strong> is specified for a table that does not have an index, it will not be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li75011552125019">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b377239114712">indexscan hint</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1882901834711">indexonlyscan</strong> is specified for a full-table scan or for a scan whose filtering conditions are not set on index columns, it will not be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li205021252175014">The specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b72653403020">indexonlyscan</strong> hint is used only when the output column contains only indexes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li17502135225015">In equivalent joins, only the joins containing equivalence conditions are valid. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b856411369517">leading</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b17211039556">join</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1441715428514">rows</strong> hints specified for the joins without an equivalence condition will not be used. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1361711236716">t1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b757833310710">t2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b4650184114719">t3</strong> are to be joined, and the join between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b13451242191618">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1499424471620">t3</strong> does not contain an equivalence condition. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1488443571115">leading(t1 t3)</strong> will not be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li1250385219507">To generate a streaming plan, if the distribution key of a table is the same as its join key, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b461624632216">redistribute</strong> specified for this table will not be used. If the distribution key and join key are different for this table but the same for the other table in the join, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b12632141624917">redistribute</strong> specified for this table will be used but <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b1290733002414">broadcast</strong> will not.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li4503452115020">If no sublink is pulled up, the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__b15607836185019">blockname</strong> hint will not be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li10275185905217">Skew hints are not used possibly because:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul12391415195312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li1618716115533">The plan does not require redistribution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li1354119213539">The columns specified by hints contain distribution keys.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li197065575311">Skew information specified in hints is incorrect or incomplete, for example, no value is specified for join optimization.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li35031840103410">Skew optimization is disabled by GUC parameters.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li197131848155919">GUC hints are not used possibly because:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__ul1994185179"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li2602321073">The configuration parameter does not exist.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li15683113210711">The configuration parameter is not supported by GUC hints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li181641886916">The configuration parameter value is invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li196403443172">The statement-level GUC hint is not written in the top-level query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li1922195361816">The configuration parameter set by the GUC hint at the subquery level cannot be set at the subquery level.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134776__li984516117206">The subquery where the GUC hint is located is pulled up.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0465.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0465.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fb8a1a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0465.html
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Plan Hint Cases</h1>
+<div id="body1534471018691"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p8060118">This section takes the statements in TPC-DS (Q24) as an example to describe how to optimize an execution plan by using hints in 1000X+24DN environments. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__screen9193617117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c_first_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_store_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_color</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_current_price</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_manager_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_units</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_size</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_sales_price</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_ticket_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_ticket_number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_store_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_store_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_birth_country</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_zip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_market_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c_first_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_store_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s_state</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_color</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_current_price</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_manager_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_units</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i_size</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__ol207971158175310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__li11797105865313">The original plan of this statement is as follows and the statement execution takes 110s:</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p1464858821"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image23681242193912" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815069.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p9986844164634">In this plan, the performance of the layer-10 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b9655112954817">broadcast</strong> is poor because the estimation result generated at layer 11 is 2140 rows, which is much less than the actual number of rows. The inaccurate estimation is mainly caused by the underestimated number of rows in layer-13 hash join. In this layer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b193711024214">store_sales</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b154865149423">store_returns</strong> are joined (based on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b14441166124218">ss_ticket_number</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b4335510194214">ss_item_sk</strong> columns in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b6221410134620">store_sales</strong> and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1871342819468">sr_ticket_number</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b134980373463">sr_item_sk</strong> columns in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b16918165812462">store_returns</strong>) but the multi-column correlation is not considered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p65441763165542">2. After the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1228215133317">rows</strong> hint is used for optimization, the plan is as follows and the statement execution takes 318s:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__screen1388233054017"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+rows(store_sales store_returns * 11270)*/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p76514582218"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image105910124010" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495219.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p9663288165638">The execution takes a longer time because layer-9 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b19468172115319">redistribute</strong> is slow. Considering that data skew does not occur at layer-9 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b197521239415">redistribute</strong>, the slow redistribution is caused by the slow layer-8 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b173801113105216">hashjoin</strong> due to data skew at layer-18 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1349411511509">redistribute</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p3640410172335">3. Data skew occurs at layer-18 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1349411511509_1">redistribute</strong> because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b4243317171018">customer_address</strong> has a few different values in its two join keys. Therefore, plan <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1113575154018">customer_address</strong> as the last one to be joined. After the hint is used for optimization, the plan is as follows and the statement execution takes 116s:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__screen857018543401"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+rows(store_sales store_returns *11270)</span>
+<span class="cm">leading((store_sales store_returns store item customer) customer_address)*/</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p567135811215"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image151981946124013" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655392.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p2732476172730">Most of the time is spent on layer-6 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b15716959481">redistribute</strong>. The plan needs to be further optimized.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p1753514917519">4. Most of the time is spent on layer-6 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b15716959481_1">redistribute</strong> because of data skew. To avoid the data skew, plan the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b87887035220">item</strong> table as the last one to be joined because the number of rows is not reduced after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b17153111916534">item</strong> is joined. After the hint is used for optimization, the plan is as follows and the statement execution takes 120s:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__screen1174655464115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+rows(store_sales store_returns *11270)</span>
+<span class="cm">leading((customer_address (store_sales store_returns store customer) item))</span>
+<span class="cm">c_last_name ...</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p569135810217"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image2993111284211" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975206.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p11684954175337">Data skew occurs after the join of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b18453173185910">item</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1898773475914">customer_address</strong> because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b142518405150">item</strong> is broadcasted at layer-22. As a result, layer-6 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b2313135044714">redistribute</strong> is still slow.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p34007604175422">5. Add a hint to disable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b93931221022">broadcast</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b689890524">item</strong> or add a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b782961316511">redistribute</strong> hint for the join result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1350523615110">item</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b539217579514">customer_address</strong>. After the hint is used for optimization, the plan is as follows and the statement execution takes 105s:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__screen12189192620423"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">netpaid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*+rows(store_sales store_returns *11270)</span>
+<span class="cm">leading((customer_address (store_sales store_returns store customer) item))</span>
+<span class="cm">no broadcast(item)*/</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p37115581725"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image1151418428" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815208.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p17911270172628">6. The last layer uses single-layer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b48062189713">Agg</strong> and the number of rows is greatly reduced. Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b7469219917">best_agg_plan</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b119281831594">3</strong> and change the single-layer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b02491118154611">Agg</strong> to a double-layer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b48062189713_1">Agg</strong>. The plan is as follows and the statement execution takes 94s. The optimization ends.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p87117581923"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image19946125864217" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495221.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p9812141112473"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p108711021134617">If the query performance deteriorates due to statistics changes, you can use hints to optimize the query plan. Take TPCH-Q17 as an example. The query performance deteriorates after the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1352962295615">default_statistics_target</strong> is changed from the default one to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b18712171265516">–2</strong> for statistics collection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p2031111474503">1. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b12924155913217">default_statistics_target</strong> is set to the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b683010713312">100</strong>, the plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p1144621112525"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image18109101412534" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815204.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p198252022105313">2. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b53091221040">default_statistics_target</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b113091621445">–2</strong>, the plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p961319379537"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image15154101125413" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695143.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p115342515413">3. After the analysis, the cause is that the stream type is changed from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b130316185416">BroadCast</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b2398321174118">Redistribute</strong> during the join of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b1835714510619">lineitem</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b15343135414613">part</strong> tables. You can use a hint to change the stream type back to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__b83431571982">BroadCast</strong>. For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p1132682295611"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__image88541293211" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695139.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814667__p169813157218"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0454.html">Hint-based Tuning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0466.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0466.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a93ebc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0466.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Routinely Maintaining Tables</h1>
+
+  <div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_acdca08c4da3c4c6cb8366ddc98614e10">To ensure proper database running, after INSERT and DELETE operations, you need to routinely do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b842352706175739">VACUUM FULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b842352706175730">ANALYZE</strong> as appropriate for customer scenarios and update statistics to obtain better performance.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_s732ce2f9879f4175afc07e8da9739d9d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Concepts</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a1e60e18d23864cdba58179c21c36e29d">You need to routinely run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706232818">VACUUM</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b84235270618031">VACUUM FULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706232822">ANALYZE</strong> to maintain tables, because:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_u5e922633a5284f8e833fc14f531167c0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l6d89ef79d74c4b429b44fc78c16cdee2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706235625">VACUUM FULL</strong> reclaims disk space occupied by updated or deleted data and combines small-size data files.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_ldf4950dd1b4b4bdc8bd388d48a40d0a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706233051">VACUUM</strong> maintains a visualized mapping to track pages that contain arrays visible to other active transactions. A common index scan uses the mapping to obtain the corresponding array and check whether pages are visible to the current transaction. If the array cannot be obtained, the visibility is checked by fetching stack arrays. Therefore, updating the visible mapping of a table can accelerate unique index scans.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l79eef3ef4e404fdd905c61e0c66bd2f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b8782151032919">VACUUM</strong> can avoid old data loss caused by duplicate transaction IDs when the number of executed transactions exceeds the database threshold.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_lc83f31fbf2ce43b5be1f8c812c3320ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b84235270623398">ANALYZE</strong> collects statistics on tables in databases. The statistics are stored in the PG_STATISTIC system catalog. Then, the query optimizer uses the statistics to work out the most efficient execution plan.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_s04cbc946ce5747c7bb6143f0eba2329e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_o5adf6adc69964f9bae656a1bd67f2165"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l83b3bb16043b4e2aa3ff786374342ec6"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b20802114101410">VACUUM</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b1980291421415">VACUUM FULL</strong> command to reclaim disk space.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_u4aad06d6d6304dca87f130bfe7bf9b30"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_le53c628431a1465b80ec5d93515fb98a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706103036">VACUUM</strong>:<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_aaefc545f012040999d6e38a17f487b3b">Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b84235270615196">VACUUM</strong> to the table:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_sc85cc543cb944e9395190d56a4fb8220"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_teb0c8ce655d84d9e811b9a8785e0d309"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b985972819581">VACUUM</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_af5807f4226b149c1a96f047e8a106ca8"> customer</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a0b6504e055484d7285f3acf0b15dade8">;</strong></pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen14582131174215">VACUUM</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a88c948c7122344608519f2d8b65d6543">This command can be concurrently executed with database operation commands, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b3907913173019">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b16475151306">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b015310521674">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b18313141716308">DELETE</strong>; excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b384413373309">ALTER TABLE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a867af852413b48789b2090816b1aee06">Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706151859">VACUUM</strong> to the partitioned table:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_scd619a818dc2456a9413dd7beb3f9e1a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_td85288a7f6974220a843296f5767401e"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a95090d1651bd4e16bb57e43ba9af3a13">VACUUM </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a3c1df250e80b4f9f945baa1cd4b75512">customer_par</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a3622429bb8654eafb67ab62e647594d6">PARTITION </strong>( <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a65140177294c435fbe195df36fdfdabb">P1 </em>);</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen14206131711426">VACUUM</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l6f5d5d3f6c904e23a230929ab369e89f">VACUUM FULL:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_se24fe821980240ad945cb1779f9f63ea"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_t687772d581e647ab9126b6f233ce30fb"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_aa3bc91b54dc14f55a6f1fe0b312fd3ad">VACUUM FULL</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a85cd57a1a1db430da8b643d038104610"> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a4ef8efa37e284458bfa97af56d9d7d3b">customer</em></em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_aa7c37954c84b4045b465294a5743fcc0">;</strong></pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen1012252815432">VACUUM</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a58fcf4c5214b4fd7a33f5c832e104f26"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b1740746625234512">VACUUM FULL</strong> needs to add exclusive locks on tables it operates on and requires that all other database operations be suspended.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_p181224443818">When reclaiming disk space, you can query for the session corresponding to the earliest transactions in the cluster, and then end the earliest long transactions as needed to make full use of the disk space.</p>
+<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_ol1524317527337"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_li12244145283313">Run the following command to query for oldestxmin on the GTM:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen93755157267">select * from pgxc_gtm_snapshot_status();</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_li192861456113318">Run the following command to query for the PID of the corresponding session on the CN. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_i1731194418124">xmin</em> is the oldestxmin obtained in the previous step.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen13357173372618">select * from pgxc_running_xacts() where xmin=1400202010;</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l0517aa71dd254704baeac0545dafff99"><span>Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b8423527060017">ANALYZE</strong> to update statistical information.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_se51793b5e2824f0092db75b702e67306"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_t453ed79cc3fd428681e8783eb86536d2"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a6685f2ccecb74c8084a63e8a02ba36bb">ANALYZE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_ad07f407a5f6e410c8778150331122fc3">customer</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a46d6abbee76b4390a5d5f8ae78f57ea4">;</strong></pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen108711518194412">ANALYZE</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_af317bd602a8941a7b9b2eae9bd933805">Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706152015">ANALYZE VERBOSE</strong> to update statistics and display table information.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_s207aaf572421446b86ae4c9cabd68d36"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_tb06b668b857d4fec972ed808983adbf6"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a4c76497dc8d44b67ae3ba745036b4cde">ANALYZE VERBOSE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a9766f829c9d946fa8a3b3dacece1aa41">customer</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_aadf9f7070c1849caa1161517bc882faa">;</strong></pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen1824752711445">ANALYZE</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a5ef686c946f94dd5a54eb6350451fbbb">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706234623">VACUUM ANALYZE</strong> at the same time to optimize the query.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_s41568ede43fd4574b4fc7993aba9d60e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_te05c7ac40128444881eb63b8bedd5904"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a401d1ffb58a741d086074a09b7258d63">VACUUM ANALYZE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a360a6be9b3b34bffa0d75c6a76683561">customer</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a57b0b47420594786868d0727cb8e2267">;</strong></pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_screen1134313331447">VACUUM</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_ncd3e49af7ba34d4aad87a259e1eaba35"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a21d6f89a3e8442c6868a4a5f3ed94a40"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b6661830315442">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706233341">ANALYZE</strong> cause a substantial increase in I/O traffic, which may cause poor performance of other active sessions. Therefore, you are advised to set by specifying the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b84235270623474">vacuum_cost_delay</strong> parameter.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_lbe1d349295d248ec953f8999cf0ef5ab"><span>Delete a table</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_seb075b8bb1064f8e9d7c5056846ac71a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_t48c958be640f49ec856d378cbb7cbc49"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a1d4d293cdf4b4d06b4d58081ab23e95d">DROP TABLE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a5a0d043db2e6446d9073cc3cc4c94ae7">customer</em>;
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_t55cd55d4fd9c49c691305ca7c52a0d63"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b32616311968">DROP TABLE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_i112693115610">customer_par</em>;
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_tca94a0db438a40e7964feda5ef064bb4"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a2e5b1476b9b042be962825cd8894c89e">DROP TABLE </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a587ffd122a2e45d481d21ef447b3b07d">part</em>;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_a94c3f61d76a146f3ba3e52e21df0ab66">If the following output is displayed, the index has been deleted.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_sddc58c1250754469a55f0162fb4ccf08">DROP TABLE</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_sae9ba1b13e4e48589cead0d4a2d227d8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Maintenance Suggestion</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_u1bd72e00ad62444b848006d814e7589c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l55e28a12a3734cd6bb26693512ff1a3a">Routinely do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706234724">VACUUM FULL</strong> to large tables. If the database performance deteriorates, do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b1402323241234753">VACUUM FULL</strong> to the entire database. If the database performance is stable, you are advised to monthly do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706234825">VACUUM FULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_le7e0cb97163e45448c4a09a1f8912c03">Routinely do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b84235270623494">VACUUM FULL</strong> to system catalogs, mainly <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_en-us_topic_0111591987_b842352706234916">PG_ATTRIBUTE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_l752ed51456924220aa00bc1a533148d1">The automatic vacuum process (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b2603143953111">AUTOVACUUM</strong>) in the system automatically runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b154013492314">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147151253__en-us_topic_0000001145505853_b3401251113115">ANALYZE</strong> statements to reclaim the record space marked as the deleted state and to update statistics related to the table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0467.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0467.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a384ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0467.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Routinely Recreating an Index</h1>
+
+  <div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_sa41d40b5410f428db79d599302b472d2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a18fcea0899f04be2901c901742ff90a2">When data deletion is repeatedly performed in the database, index keys will be deleted from the index page, resulting in index distention. Recreating an index routinely improves query efficiency.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_af43c59ec6e31453f9bc37d9030f97a1c">The database supports B-tree, GIN, and psort indexes.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_u9475839c5480412086d37be593eec516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_l5abdacab132f4f239f9f525d21bde147">Recreating a B-tree index helps improve query efficiency.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ucc95c122c9d641b2838517f2974fac71"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_l2c1f7c94372e4428b9141df6fd685640">If massive data is deleted, index keys on the index page will be deleted. As a result, the number of index pages reduces and index bloat occurs. Recreating an index helps reclaim wasted space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_lf98fd50193a548319966a813d6ac02fe">In the created index, pages adjacent in its logical structure are adjacent in its physical structure. Therefore, a created index achieves higher access speed than an index that has been updated for multiple times.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_lb8ee2e0bbb74478f82b4bc2b53cfca44">You are advised not to recreate a non-B-tree index.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_section1483310439110"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Rebuilding an Index</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_p16712110218">Use either of the following two methods to recreate an index:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ul18015242214"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li121142913216">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b8423527060519">DROP INDEX</strong> statement to delete an index and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b8423527060522">CREATE INDEX</strong> statement to create an index.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_p11224299210">When you delete an index, a temporary exclusive lock is added in the parent table to block related read/write operations. When you create an index, the write operation is locked but the read operation is not. The data is read and scanned by order.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li1686516531521">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b8423527060729">REINDEX</strong> statement to recreate an index:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ul19134164510314"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li14187701549">When you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b842352706113955">REINDEX TABLE</strong> statement to recreate an index, an exclusive lock is added to block related read/write operations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li13253124310315">When you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b842352706114411">REINDEX INTERNAL TABLE</strong> statement to recreate an index for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b842352706114441">desc</strong> table (), an exclusive lock is added to block read/write operations on the table.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_s9829b9578b1c4f188f5dc44d1ecfb174"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_abc53c82a15f245169fd3d2e206c6d712">Assume the ordinary index areaS_idx exists in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b842352706183910">area_id</strong> column of the imported table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b842352706114125">areaS</strong>. Use either of the following two methods to recreate an index:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ub9c7dd39e2014f34aa493f2f9756603e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_l7ff2c2c0f46e43fa908d6e808e842e6b">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b1729148538">DROP INDEX</strong> statement to delete the index and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b1971208381">CREATE INDEX</strong> statement to create an index.<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ob10661b72f6140cfb0e58ac02aa7a4d7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_le3cf4fcf1aa741e998b89cb2a2896857">Delete an index.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_sefefb8492b0f4e50a1db2047e2677f11"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_text1986344834517"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a6258097ec3b04f9698ce3145a8fdb6d5">DROP INDEX</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a8b11bcd846804a5392be3c9e5222ecb8">areaS_idx</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a6c4fa978a91f441eab8d95ee77196457">;</strong>
+DROP INDEX</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_l5b05a7097f39444897c2a8d2cd0fc35a">Create an index.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_sde1191baf9e34869a629605d1adb0ec2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_text12634124912451"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_afc32bc92b9be41f88317daa542eaee69">CREATE INDEX</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a639a718a297445fb89aedf84a8e7f59b">areaS_idx </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a27b4b314645b4a02a1b6c3d26c57f947">ON </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ae3b84b2caee34c5fb44c2d2280a1ac27">areaS</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ad7b72c751e814e28bbfa4b6eeb85b4c0">(</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ad8454b16803c445fb147d105da9b6dee">area_id</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_abf0810b17a594d8bb61c69817bbe9b0e">);</strong>
+CREATE INDEX</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_l6c32fb4a8ca64aed8f2b97720a3f5260">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b2142315699">REINDEX</strong> statement to recreate an index.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_ul182241810163212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li49571217325">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b241884215418">REINDEX TABLE</strong> statement to recreate an index.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_screen5258637152320"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_text19706165011452"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b227563716234">REINDEX TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_i527514379231">areaS</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b162751237102315">;</strong>
+REINDEX</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_li15534176203213">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b1602762347115124">REINDEX INTERNAL TABLE</strong> statement to recreate an index for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_b818068816115124">desc</strong> table ().<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_screen88351159142919"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_text15451125174517"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a60838a1da36a410ebb1161610f8f9f77">REINDEX INTERNAL TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_aad63c17b73004571bc11f821da2f011f">areaS</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471219__en-us_topic_0000001145905453_a419f37eb25634fe5b7546aba62050486">;</strong>
+REINDEX</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0468.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0468.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03a5488e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0468.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471217"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471217"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring the SMP</h1>
+<div id="body0000001147471217"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147471217__en-us_topic_0000001098814886_ac2e4aef5057840a1879db3ea82302504">This section describes the usage restrictions, application scenarios, and configuration guide of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP).</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0469.html">Application Scenarios and Restrictions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0470.html">Resource Impact on SMP Performance</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0471.html">Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0472.html">Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0473.html">SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0430.html">Query Improvement</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0469.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0469.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79fbb904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0469.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Application Scenarios and Restrictions</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001147271175"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_sce8537229e094702a7b562d269bac76d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a0be9acf22ce94f9ab1e46e57cbb66e7b">The SMP feature improves the performance through operator parallelism and occupies more system resources, including CPU, memory, network, and I/O. Actually, SMP is a method consuming resources to save time. It improves system performance in appropriate scenarios and when resources are sufficient, but may deteriorate performance otherwise. In addition, compared with the serial processing, SMP generates more candidate plans, which is more time-consuming and may deteriorate performance.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_s54e19b618557485f8e756dfdd231861e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Applicable Scenarios</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_ud29c07046f244e729cfc047f35168a2f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lf4fa5f134ac44c36a75b1405f198e52b">Operators supporting parallel processing are used.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a24e68c5cf0f340ed990a72456b2bfab1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lf4fa5f134ac44c36a75b1405f198e52b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lf4fa5f134ac44c36a75b1405f198e52b"></a>The execution plan contains the following operators:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_o5fb7b182c579415ba21ad3beb084ac50"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_laf70cd2d1b4b4307bea582b1ba3e4d72">Scan: Row Storage common table and a line memory partition table sequential scanning, column-oriented storage ordinary table and column-oriented storage partition table sequential scanning, HDFS internal and external table sequence scanning. Surface scanning GDS data can be imported at the same time. All of the above does not support replication tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lde4507ea1df64c1eb5d6d07dbdf37c91">Join: HashJoin, NestLoop</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l6a4a6079c6cf46a0abe3a7190d2c90fe">Agg: HashAgg, SortAgg, PlainAgg, and WindowAgg, which supports only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_b84235270610500">partition by</strong>, and does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_b84235270610509">order by</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l196400ca241e444bb1d0a5637c77ee0b">Stream: Redistribute, Broadcast</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_en-us_topic_0059778619_li4869371589">Other: Result, Subqueryscan, Unique, Material, Setop, Append, VectoRow, RowToVec</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l9c825454343146699651a26853346ff6">SMP-unique operators<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a90a1d7ba624b4c20b94c124f29676a84"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l9c825454343146699651a26853346ff6"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l9c825454343146699651a26853346ff6"></a>To execute queries in parallel, Stream operators are added for data exchange of the SMP feature. These new operators can be considered as the subtypes of Stream operators.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_oa4620d63b05c4c1484e66112b87dc51d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lff4e2b36ff7d4e47a176f883afdfd696">Local Gather aggregates data of parallel threads within a DN</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l2c583b6aa6b549f19f2167eb4a5154a9">Local Redistribute redistributes data based on the distributed key across threads within a DN</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l98dc4877106f44bfb0496bafa58c6d21">Local Broadcast broadcasts data to each thread within a DN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lc2d848fade6f486dae93ce8fdc3604ca">Local RoundRobin distributes data in polling mode across threads within a DN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l4cbf7e18cf6e4cc7851a1d64fd754d5e">Split Redistribute redistributes data across parallel threads on different DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lf2903049a05b4d5784d43405fff59078">Split Broadcast broadcasts data to all parallel DN threads in the cluster.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_ada7f842e3fa84f129e32cc41cd4558d3">Among these operators, Local operators exchange data between parallel threads within a DN, and non-Local operators exchange data across DNs.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_le6192453cdba44c987f4a7bd6dbb99fa">Example<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_ad4519bbb00f84510bdd930fce5227ca6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_le6192453cdba44c987f4a7bd6dbb99fa"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694865_le6192453cdba44c987f4a7bd6dbb99fa"></a>The TPCH Q1 parallel plan is used as an example.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a7e5ff07429ec446eb197ca6bf5db6ffb"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_en-us_topic_0059778619_image8556945184832" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655400.jpg"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a47fc52469fed44c9963b7c09a6bc54e5">In this plan, implement the Hdfs Scan and HashAgg operator parallel, and adds the Local Gather and Split Redistribute data exchange operator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a1a161706f7bb484e88ceb52f20a581ac">In this example, the sixth operator is Split Redistribute, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_b84235270611202">dop: 4/4</strong> next to the operator indicates that the degree of parallelism of the sender and receiver is 4. 4 No operator is Local Gather, marked dop: 1/4 above, this operator sender thread parallel degree is 4, while the receiving end thread parallelism degree to 1, that is, lower-layer 5 number Hash Aggregate operators according to the 4 parallel degree, while the working mode of the port on the upper-layer 1 to 3 number operator according to the executed one by one, 4 number operator is used to achieve intra-DN concurrent threads data aggregation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_a8fc5779fe1de499a9a300b4b2344e824">You can view the parallelism situation of each operator in the dop information.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_s215a712534144603823bd09cf82000cf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Non-applicable Scenarios</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_o0964266665a94ceea2d4e66a125109f4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_li934447102211">Short query operations are performed, where the plan generation is time-consuming.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_lcd43716a9750445c8bb6ba458cebb081">Operators are processed on CNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_la4a51353ec18489fbdb99d586170ea0d">Statements that cannot be pushed down are executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_l5c857045abc3414dbd904e120e117538">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175__en-us_topic_0000001145694865_b842352706134358">subplan</strong> of a query and operators containing a subquery are executed.</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0470.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0470.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Resource Impact on SMP Performance</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001100511442"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_afa40df1d4d604ae4aebfb833199f1aac">The SMP architecture uses abundant resources to obtain time. After the plan parallelism is executed, the resource consumption is added, including the CPU, memory, I/O, and network bandwidth resources. As the parallelism degree is expanded, the resource consumption increases. If these resources become a bottleneck, the SMP cannot improve the performance and the overall cluster performance may be deteriorated. Adaptive SMP is provided to dynamically select the optimal parallel degree for each query based on the resource usage and query requirements. The following information describes the situations that the SMP affects theses resources:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_u86653b88fa3f42dd8cfe84150c4bd7cf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_lbfb55a92fec84986bafd69511f5ade3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b84235270671235">CPU resources</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_a3573f3f75230451db7a882ba2083d37b">In a general customer scenario, the system CPU usage rate is not high. Using the SMP parallelism architecture will fully use the CPU resource to improve the system performance. If the number of CPU kernels of the database server is too small and the CPU usage is already high, enabling the SMP parallelism may deteriorate the system performance due to resource compete between multiple threads.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_l80266f62055644bfb9b022ab8c6eebc3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b84235270671247">Memory resources</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_a3d68bd4442214ca68e350148edbb2aa2">The query parallel causes memory usage growth, but the memory upper limit used by each operator is still restricted by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b84235270622033">work_mem</strong>. Assume that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b129171320683">work_mem</strong> is 4 GB, and the degree of parallelism is 2, then the memory upper limit of each concurrent thread is 2 GB. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b84235270622154">work_mem</strong> is small or the system memory is sufficient, running SMP parallelism may push data down to disks. As a result, the query performance deteriorates.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_l72d1ad3215fc4a06a19c08e426c2f665"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_aebd96b18f8ee410099b42a2669d53231">Network bandwidth resources</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_abceb051d0c844ac791152c5b39a6fc7a">To execute a query in parallel, data exchange operators are added. Local Stream operators exchange data between threads within a DN. Data is exchanged in memory and network performance is not affected. Non-Local operators exchange data over the network and increase network load. If the capacity of a network resource becomes a bottleneck, parallelism may also increase the network load.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_l2a0d2227a00345fa81569486cecea66f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_b84235270671541">I/O resources</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100511442__en-us_topic_0000001099134604_a1b44cfcd1ff74ab3b64d3856f34504e6">A parallel scan increases I/O resource consumption. It can improve performance only when I/O resources are sufficient.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0471.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0471.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Other Factors Affecting SMP Performance</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001100831254"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_acd82cf8a5ab2452c83e5bfe1cc5391ce">Besides resource factors, there are other factors that impact the SMP parallelism performance, such as unevenly data distributed in a partitioned table and system parallelism degree.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_u6653d3d5e06b44a4b5012f8c8034058c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_l95c48245313b42c39e43f2c6cb1d9f82"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_b842352706184234">Impact of data skew on SMP performance</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_p2065453510185">Serious data skew deteriorates parallel execution performance. For example, if the data volume of a value in the join column is much more than that of other values, the data volume of a parallel thread will be much more than that of others after Hash-based data redistribution, resulting in the long-tail issue and poor parallelism performance.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_la54e36e9aef847f6853a9738a49b77ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_a6b4422de9fb346d19d517dd1c08d74bc">Impact on the SMP performance due to system parallelism degree</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831254__en-us_topic_0000001098975030_ab7be2a3cb96d44ec9ab1329f158b5dd7">The SMP feature uses more resources, and unused resources are decreasing in a high concurrency scenario. Therefore, enabling the SMP parallelism will result in serious resource compete among queries. Once resource competes occur, no matter the CPU, I/O, memory, or network resources, all of them will result in entire performance deterioration. In the high concurrency scenario, enabling the SMP will not improve the performance effect and even may cause performance deterioration.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0472.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0472.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..391f2d0a
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001100991256"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p8060118">Starting from this version, SMP auto adaptation is enabled. For newly deployed clusters, the default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b1287017219010">query_dop</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b178762211012">0</strong>, and SMP parameters have been adjusted. To ensure forward compatibility, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b2490194511566">query_dop</strong> should remain unchanged after an existing cluster is upgraded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p144261042145911">For an upgraded cluster, if you want to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b18307916596">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b1794716317594">0</strong> and enable SMP parallel processing, modify the following parameters to obtain better dop options:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_ul540441719011"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li19404617605">comm_usable_memory<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p1678013529291"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li19404617605"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li19404617605"></a>If the system memory is large, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b162457131659">max_process_memory</strong> is large. In this case, you are advised to set the value of this parameter to 5% of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b16777200962">max_process_memory</strong>, that is, 4 GB by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li9550424709">comm_max_stream<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p884213531438"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li9550424709"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li9550424709"></a>The recommended value for this parameter is calculated as follows: comm_max_stream = Min(dop_limit x dop_limit x 20 x 2, max_process_memory (bytes) x 0.025/Number of DNs/260). The value must be within the value range of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b731329171419">comm_max_stream</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li349920291409">max_connections<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p286713341669"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li349920291409"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001145694501_li349920291409"></a>The recommended value for this parameter is calculated as follows: max_connections = dop_limit x 20 x 6 + 24. The value must be within the value range of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b4705121771819">max_connections</strong>.</p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_note99110550251"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_p59111555202514">In the preceding formulas, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b7979546121820">dop_limit</strong> indicates the number of CPUs corresponding to each DN in the cluster. It is calculated as follows: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256__en-us_topic_0000001145694501_b2657181716191">dop_limit</strong> = Number of logical CPU cores of a single server/Number of DNs of a single server.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0473.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0473.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7aba1cc
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">SMP Manual Optimization Suggestions</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001100671272"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_a3cfb9e73eb3449a3849b3426bc88c86e">To manually optimize SMP, you need to be familiar with <a href="dws_04_0472.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991256">Suggestions for SMP Parameter Settings</a>. This section describes how to optimize SMP.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_sf5d58faee8c9402a8e29eaada1a84b65"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_a8ff6e416746f411297808e3dab0d49c4">The CPU, memory, I/O, and network bandwidth resources are sufficient. The SMP architecture uses abundant resources to save time. After the plan parallelism is executed, resource consumption increases. When these resources become a bottleneck, SMP may deteriorate, rather than improve performance. In addition, it takes a longer time to generate SMP plans than serial plans. Therefore, in TP services that mainly involve short queries or in case resources are insufficient, you are advised to disable SMP by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b14633203915257">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b6361194212250">1</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_s0ebc1372a62f4351b99366aa81505442"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_o38bef8205e6a4ebdbc8d342579496bec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_l832746b6d01c46e89e86d77b43e825e2">Observe the current system load situation. If the resource is sufficient (the resource usage ratio is smaller than 50%), perform step 2. Otherwise, exit this system.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_l07d708eca14e4efbb41b93676e4e5f02">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_en-us_topic_0058968315_b842352706183223">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_en-us_topic_0058968315_b842352706183227">1</strong> (default value). Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_en-us_topic_0058968315_b84235270694835">explain</strong> to generate an execution plan and check whether the plan can be used in scenarios in <a href="dws_04_0469.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271175">Application Scenarios and Restrictions</a>. If the plan can be used, go to the next step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_li616455562717">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b98091317618">query_dop=–</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_i879001519619">value</em>. The value range of the parallelism degree is [1, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_i153394211577">value</em>].</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_li68414552917">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b1919119981">query_dop=</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_i168793221812">value</em>. The parallelism degree is 1 or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_i1231220139910">value</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_leb68f29ff73849fea97d93002ccde5c1">Before the query statement is executed, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b842352706183722">query_dop</strong> to an appropriate value. After the statement is executed, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b842352706183732">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b842352706183742">off</strong>. For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_sdfd7f8a465f74db1800a456d46c0a7b0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_dop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">......</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_dop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_n6caf1640edea4f0aad7d80cdf99fc6f0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_ude64952f02ff42a9bb19110ca02692f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_l3855f80ad72d457eadf561cd85f04fd7">If resources are enough, the higher the parallelism degree is, the better the performance improvement effect is.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_ld43f208342d947ef8374e2d38bced86a">The SMP parallelism degree supports a session level setting and you are advised to enable the SMP before executing the query that meets the requirements. After the execution is complete, disable the SMP. Otherwise, SMP may affect services in peak hours.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_li165091153143210">SMP adaptation (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b18199144316011">query_dop</strong> ≤ 0) depends on resource management. If resource management is disabled (<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_ph423603710204">use_workload_manager</span> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671272__en-us_topic_0000001145495065_b720014312013">off</strong>), plans with parallelism degree of only 1 or 2 are generated.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0468.html">Configuring the SMP</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0474.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0474.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08861861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0474.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135050"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135050"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimization Cases</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0475.html">Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0476.html">Case: Creating an Appropriate Index</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0477.html">Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0478.html">Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0479.html">Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0480.html">Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0481.html">Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0482.html">Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0483.html">Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0484.html">Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0485.html">Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0486.html">Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0487.html">Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0488.html">Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0489.html">Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0490.html">Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0475.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0475.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49d767f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0475.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__s09a806ad285240689c1c98c202dc3601"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__a3a98ea5d7a48446398eb580f7559de81">Tables are defined as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__sec220ae1ce81476b99b92f7e103a0a2a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__abde8ed96e35c4671a2346c476110cbe7">The following query is executed:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__s7edb136325df49fcba4a9aa20b3578b8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__s96f253e0910549c3b9b9eccbbf753a6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__af134e6ce4d62412fbbf513dd95e1dc16">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b842352706144827">a</strong> is the distribution column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b842352706144831">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b842352706144834">t2</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__s1e1bd363bc2547508d13bd8b14ae63c3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__a94575852687f41218f9fef451517aa1e">Then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b842352706145958">Streaming</strong> exists in the execution plan and the data volume is heavy among DNs, as shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__f5205d1152d7142eebcdc2eb0cee93030">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__f5205d1152d7142eebcdc2eb0cee93030"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__f5205d1152d7142eebcdc2eb0cee93030"></a><a name="f5205d1152d7142eebcdc2eb0cee93030"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Selecting an appropriate distribution column (1)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__i826a46f41dd44965aa7e4af12c31ec6b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135110.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__af9c4e0db03e142a698005ad4f84b27ae">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b84235270615432">a</strong> is the distribution column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b84235270615450">t1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b84235270615455">b</strong> is the distribution column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b8423527061558">t2</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__s5e9a8af917814899a0e73cdd44731a80"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__a30e197c85c9d44d0be3f9e67238e07b1">Then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__b68533958715618">Streaming</strong> does not exist in the execution plan, and the data volume among DNs is decreasing and the query performance is increasing, as shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__ff0c933f80c044662b2ec539d8b3247b8">Figure 2</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__ff0c933f80c044662b2ec539d8b3247b8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__ff0c933f80c044662b2ec539d8b3247b8"></a><a name="ff0c933f80c044662b2ec539d8b3247b8"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Selecting an appropriate distribution column (2)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654770__id8751a934833467c923becb5e5cfc6e2" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975124.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0476.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0476.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cae8d6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0476.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Creating an Appropriate Index</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__s0ff15c597be0461094854e46ccc945e2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__a82fd573e9cca4babb73403dfe8402a3a">Query the information about all personnel in the sales department.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__seda3c93f9bea4965805ce0d9f7628402"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">last_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">employment_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">state_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">city</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">states</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">places</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Sales'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">places</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">places</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">state_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">states</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">state_id</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__s7bab6b1299084552bdcc6d17e0bd68fb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__ad6ca675a89334e8ca83aa37da9ce29a3">The original execution plan is as follows before creating the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__b842352706172712">places.place_id</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__b842352706172714">states.state_id</strong> indexes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__p94804399910"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__image14491340294" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135104.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__a3ea033bcdcc2454a83c9e8bffdfdcbce">The optimized execution plan is as follows (two indexes have been created on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__b8423527061747">places.place_id</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__b84235270617414">states.state_id</strong> columns):</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__p15769192571118"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694471__image129511926111119" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975116.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adding NOT NULL for JOIN Columns</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__s620a4245b82443c3b67ebe71ee58f625"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__se368a296c81a460b9299c41f84a40ab6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STTIME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_SUCCEED_TIMES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_SUCCEED_TIMES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_REQ_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_REQ_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_AVG_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_AVG_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_ACK_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_ACK_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DATATRANS_DW_DURATION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATATRANS_DW_DURATION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_SR_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_SR_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SDR_WEB_BSCRNC_1DAY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">nethouse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DIM_LOC_BSCRNC</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nethouse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DIM_RAT_MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1461340800</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1461427200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">--and SDR.BSCRNC_ID is not null</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">STTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__abfb3fa88bbd84e0d8e2f38c7961ee721"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f337754125d2c494984aafa9cc2e5fec2">Figure 1</a> shows the execution plan.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f337754125d2c494984aafa9cc2e5fec2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f337754125d2c494984aafa9cc2e5fec2"></a><a name="f337754125d2c494984aafa9cc2e5fec2"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Adding NOT NULL for JOIN columns (1)</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__image1861710310137" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135196.jpg"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__sc973d71854b84ee0bc07849d32bfbe95"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__o8ab1148e811d4a96bc0039348ed783c2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__l99b5e7b76d8846db82f33d58b564a95c">As shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f337754125d2c494984aafa9cc2e5fec2">Figure 1</a>, the sequential scan phase is time consuming.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__l4811d2f32dc64883b158dd1d6879b7e2">The JOIN performance is poor because a large number of null values exist in the JOIN column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__b84235270617110">BSCRNC_ID</strong> of the PS.SDR_WEB_BSCRNC_1DAY table.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__a25c10d59a2fc425bae6d57471ae48049">Therefore, you are advised to manually add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__b842352706171344">NOT NULL</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__b84235270616859">JOIN</strong> columns in the statement, as shown below:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__s579e75fbf7d2403b8a769bcb3659e0d1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STTIME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_SUCCEED_TIMES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_SUCCEED_TIMES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_REQ_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_REQ_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_AVG_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_AVG_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_ACK_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FST_PAGE_ACK_NUM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DATATRANS_DW_DURATION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATATRANS_DW_DURATION</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PAGE_SR_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PAGE_SR_DELAY_MSEL</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SDR_WEB_BSCRNC_1DAY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">nethouse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DIM_LOC_BSCRNC</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">BSCRNC_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nethouse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DIM_RAT_MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1461340800</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STARTTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1461427200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ACCESS_TYPE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SDR</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BSCRNC_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">STTIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__a1972af9272cd4e15ada2ac1702af1668"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f823445cc0dde4815a43bfe9bf5267d0a">Figure 2</a> shows the execution plan.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f823445cc0dde4815a43bfe9bf5267d0a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__f823445cc0dde4815a43bfe9bf5267d0a"></a><a name="f823445cc0dde4815a43bfe9bf5267d0a"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>Adding NOT NULL for JOIN columns (2)</span><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__p11542102920126"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694749__image039893312120" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975208.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Pushing Down Sort Operations to DNs</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__s80c1ef7ae501441f8892d3f573764ab7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__a339e0e2ca8204993a303481fb10309bf">In an execution plan, more than 95% of the execution time is spent on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b842352706101324">window agg</strong> performed on the CN. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b33850014101445">sum</strong> is performed for the two columns separately, and then another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b765812707101445">sum</strong> is performed for the separate sum results of the two columns. After this, trunc and sorting are performed in sequence.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__a8c03cf62a5f54463b0ca2609310a317c">The table structure is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__s7e81264a6fb642a49658b0e6eaac1be0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">imsi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L4_DW_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">L4_UL_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">imsi</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__a97d31663007c48cfb6535fcb7fd7a405">The query statements are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__s4dd10d216b114b499b7530c10aff20f4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">over</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATACNT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">IMSI</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI_IMSI</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TRUNC</span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L4_UL_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L4_DW_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="p">))),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL_VOLOME_KPIID</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL_VOLOME_KPIID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__abbdd8079b6234a5e8532d40af8bd4ca6">The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__sfccb5d66d9a143c8a04ed788f7a1d87d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">Row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Adapter</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">68</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">((((</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l4_ul_throughput</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l4_dw_throughput</span><span class="p">))))::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WindowAgg</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">51</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">242</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">246</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">240</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Aggregate</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="k">Group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">By</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imsi</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">CStore</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__aa86526f07f2c4db593c6c00dd0cc333c">As we can see, both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b842352706102813">window agg</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b842352706102817">sort</strong> are performed on the CN, which is time consuming.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__s07a0d4dc14b84659a1e0a2dc74bdda35"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__a344b553685034bd9b4e2e461ab82d888">Modify the statement to a subquery statement, as shown below:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__s8d87a9b6823a4e12a4f7c3a93f40bec9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">over</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATACNT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI_IMSI</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL_VOLOME_KPIID</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI_IMSI</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TRUNC</span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L4_UL_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L4_DW_THROUGHPUT</span><span class="p">))),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL_VOLOME_KPIID</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMSI</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL_VOLOME_KPIID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__afedc67c060a24b86beb53c888a643fa5">Perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b842352706103023">sum</strong> on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b842352706103028">trunc</strong> results of the two columns, take it as a subquery, and then perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__b84235270610316">window agg</strong> for the subquery to push down the sorting operation to DNs, as shown below:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__se57e402701f647b29055868016e60e52"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">Row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Adapter</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WindowAgg</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">253</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">240</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">48</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l4_ul_throughput</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l4_dw_throughput</span><span class="p">)))::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Aggregate</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="k">Group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">By</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">imsi</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">CStore</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694687__ae95329c4cedc47a3a4aefe3e12bb3af6">The optimized SQL statement greatly improves the performance by reducing the execution time from 120s to 7s.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Configuring cost_param for Better Query Performance</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s35177b4bda2b47f29251946e7a7aa325"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__aa2361dbe69b3478f9872042e2da99cd2">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b1653124455210">bit0</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b835531311532">cost_param</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b653184455220">1</strong>, an improved mechanism is used for estimating the selection rate of non-equi-joins. This method is more accurate for estimating the selection rate of joins between two identical tables. The following example describes the optimization scenario when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_b842352706144157">bit0</strong> of <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmname449129672101433"><b>cost_param</b></span> is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmvalue1692709238101433"><b>1</b></span>. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__ph778311453152">V300R002C00</span> and later, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b11864304403">cost_param &amp; 1=0</strong> is not used. That is, an optimized formula is selected for calculation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__a4b0a1d43baf44573aea0945a78ec211e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_b43638991724">Note</strong>: The selection rate indicates the percentage for which the number of rows meeting the join conditions account of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_b842352706152952">JOIN</strong> results when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_b842352706152956">JOIN</strong> relationship is established between two tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__ab847e4c7798e43f180f3699abc061fdb">The table structure is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s5b4c97b33d1549f48e06a2200bd9d847"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LINEITEM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_PARTKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SUPPKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINENUMBER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_QUANTITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_EXTENDEDPRICE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_DISCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_TAX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RETURNFLAG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINESTATUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMITDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RECEIPTDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPINSTRUCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPMODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ORDERS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">O_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_CUSTKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERSTATUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_TOTALPRICE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_ORDERPRIORITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_CLERK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_SHIPPRIORITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">O_COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">O_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__a1917308f0031406f88dd1c00d0b75c94">The query statements are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s8133ff2302804308afedbbc7ffe30113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numwait</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orders</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">o_orderstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'F'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_receiptdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_commitdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_receiptdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">l_commitdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">numwait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__ae10b91afad55495aa9166631986609d9">The following figure shows the execution plan. (When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b117271856652">verbose</strong> is used, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b17281756653">distinct</strong> is added for column selection which is controlled by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b17729756959">cost off/on</strong>. The hash join rows show the estimated number of distinct values and the other rows do not.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__p1863914338389"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__image13386833131317" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815118.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__sda84715305bf4d8a89f230bb03587a02"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis 1</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__a0257e67c34094928aa87a8b9f126e1c5">These queries are from Anti Join connected in the lineitem table. When <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmname782598923113511"><b>cost_param &amp; bit0</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmvalue1163515617113511"><b>1</b></span>, the estimated number of Anti Join rows greatly differ from that of the actual number of rows so that the query performance deteriorates. You can estimate the number of Anti Join rows more accurately by setting <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmname461044847113018"><b>cost_param &amp; bit0</b></span> to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmvalue948426908113018"><b>1</b></span> to improve the query performance. The optimized execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__p16915711313"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__image123391910181412" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895101.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s27528715ebb94b19b8c5b4197e89ae00"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom 2</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__afc8c1842051c4ae399b56f4554402074">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b648317525214">bit1</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b14841521626">1</strong> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b144852527212">set cost_param=2</strong>), the selection rate is estimated based on multiple filter criteria. The lowest selection rate among all filter criteria, but not the product of the selection rates for two tables under a specific filter criterion, is used as the total selection rate. This method is more accurate when a close correlation exists between the columns to be filtered. The following example describes the optimization scenario when <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__parmname2102501788"><b>cost_param &amp; bit1</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__parmvalue1358517396"><b>1</b></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__a04b4e859fac8494ea32b3e62c383eab0">The table structure is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s98d36c1b8fcf4bdea8ea52ff7414e22a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NATION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">N_NATIONKEYINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N_NAMECHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N_REGIONKEYINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N_COMMENTVARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">152</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replication</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SUPPLIER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">S_SUPPKEYBIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_NAMECHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_ADDRESSVARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_NATIONKEYINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_PHONECHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_ACCTBALDECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">S_COMMENTVARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">S_SUPPKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTSUPP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PS_PARTKEYBIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PS_SUPPKEYBIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PS_AVAILQTYBIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PS_SUPPLYCOSTDECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PS_COMMENTVARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">199</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PS_PARTKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__aee5269ac8df54daebe89cbc0b81392eb">The query statements are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s60896dbcc8184a138878778ed85c0df1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cost_param</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">nation</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sum_profit</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">n_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nation</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l_extendedprice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_discount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ps_supplycost</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_quantity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">supplier</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">partsupp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">nation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">s_suppkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ps_suppkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_suppkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ps_partkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_partkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_nationkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_nationkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">profit</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nation</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nation</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__afd54a56557244792a9c1fac8964f5f78">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__b1927984493183315">bit1</strong> of <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__parmname1008355024183315"><b>cost_param</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmvalue5551257441107"><b>0</b></span>, the execution plan is shown as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__p66551749191416"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__image1157165061411" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695053.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__s04393aab27474ffb9dfc9c2d804781db"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis 2</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__ab452296a75d642ecb8c7ab8abfc6cc1f">In the preceding queries, the hash join criteria of the supplier, lineitem, and partsupp tables are setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b842352706115632">lineitem.l_suppkey</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b842352706115641">supplier.s_suppkey</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b842352706115654">lineitem.l_partkey</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b84235270611574">partsupp.ps_partkey</strong>. Two filter criteria exist in the hash join conditions. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b842352706115758">lineitem.l_suppkey</strong> in the first filter criteria and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_en-us_topic_0058968267_b842352706115825">lineitem.l_partkey</strong> in the second filter criteria are two columns with strong relationship of the lineitem table. In this situation, when you estimate the rate of the hash join conditions, if <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmname181638563714342"><b>cost_param &amp; bit1</b></span> is <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__en-us_topic_0088511477_parmvalue155355777014342"><b>0</b></span>, the selection rate is estimated based on multiple filter criteria. The lowest selection rate among all filter criteria, but not the product of the selection rates for two tables under a specific filter criterion, is used as the total selection rate. This method is more accurate when a close correlation exists between the columns to be filtered. The plan after optimization is shown as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__p13347172219158"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694473__image1124412230157" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814981.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0480.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0480.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8f040fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0480.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adjusting the Distribution Key</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__s402f3c77116945dab099df1af9d01369"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__ac32f10d57e7f48dfb1c3156b3fce6302">During a site test, the information is displayed after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173340">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> is executed:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__p1260216181169"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__image1740542341615" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135194.png"></span></p>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__af1a3185d988244f3ace4718cb2b36358">According to the execution information, HashJoin becomes the performance bottleneck of the whole plan. Based on the execution time of HashJoin <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173223">[2657.406, 93339.924]</strong>, it can be seen that severe skew occurs on different DNs during the HashJoin operation.</p>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__aa5ab8bab8dcd4e5f80f0ecf82e79d0c3">In the memory information (as shown in the following figure), it can be seen that the data skew occurs in the memory usage of each node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__p171404553169"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__image17735621615" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895187.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__sbc08fd969b9a4641b8645f621bfd75c3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__ad8b01f28b03748308497b50ab841ddda">The preceding two symptoms indicate that this SQL statement has serious computing skew. The further lower-layer analysis on the HashJoin operator shows that serious computing skew <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173230">[38.885,2940.983]</strong> occurs in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173236">Seq Scan on s_riskrate_setting</strong>. Based on the description of the Scan, we can infer that the performance problems of this plan lie in data skew occurred in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173244">s_riskrate_setting</strong> table. Later, it is proved that serious data skew occurred in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494815__b842352706173254">s_riskrate_setting</strong> table. After performance optimization, the execution time is reduced from 94s to 50s.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0481.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0481.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d7f4a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0481.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adjusting the Partial Clustering Key</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__s1ba7e051a62b4550845416235527d90c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__a3f336fa9fcf24701a9fc5e84978da6d9">Information on the EXPLAIN PERFORMANCE at a site is as follows: As shown in the red boxes, two performance bottlenecks are scan operations in a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__p871713368174"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__image138043373174" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495125.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__p4665321153419"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__sc784c281b70c410ea0fe58fb832be9ad"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__a3513c8923cf14bb0bcb592f104bcce98">After further analysis, we found that the filter condition acct_id ='A012709548':: bpchar exists in the two tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__a7a25c0eef857456cb65c97c4280e9cc1"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__i44d8e6b358384fccafc32813a8a21dda" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135098.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__a35fb9c37283840b5a00173c1c7792cba">Try to add the partial clustering key in the acct_id column of the two tables, and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894519__b84235270695932">VACUUM FULL</strong> statement to make the local clustering take effect. The table performance is improved.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0482.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0482.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..519048af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0482.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adjusting the Table Storage Mode in a Medium Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__s838e537f90e345f78061c1ff0fcf16e7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__en-us_topic_0075935265_p478203216590">In the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__text1611164011">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database, row-store tables use the row execution engine, and column-store tables use the column execution engine. If both row-store table and column-store tables exist in a SQL statement, the system will automatically select the row execution engine. The performance of a column execution engine (except for the indexscan related operators) is much better than that of a row execution engine. Therefore, a column-store table is recommended. This is important for some medium result set dumping tables, and you need to select a proper table storage type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__a6548708a44714e51ace16df066eae97b">During the test at a site, if the following execution plan is performed, the customer expects that the performance can be improved and the result can be returned within 3s.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__p3672195511239"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__image66712551233" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135134.jpg"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__s16c0090f3ac04156a437e0a9ba754ef5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__a54b2f6d2e69e4ebea03da8a7242661cf">It is found that the row engine is used after analysis, because both the temporary plan table input_acct_id_tbl and the medium result dumping table row_unlogged_table use a row-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__abdeef7671bf340c88ebfdb165f86bd4f">After the two tables are changed into column-store tables, the system performance is improved and the result is returned by 1.6s.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__p15241191671811"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894667__image3227131781810" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695083.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0483.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0483.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0cb4c9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0483.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adjusting the Local Clustering Column</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__s1751f6f53947493eab5ccf59855e4a2f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__a2f98dbc526ea4d6989f72eb44e91a585">During the test at a site, if the following execution plan is performed, the customer expects that the performance can be improved and the result can be returned within 3s.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__p106961251191817"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__image1869375221818" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815218.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__s5bed2104e88a4625a4ebda5b2344a642"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__a1d41b09549404914a65e458451950a93">The analysis shows that the performance bottleneck of this plan is lfbank. f_ev_dp_kdpl_zhminx. The scan condition of this table is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__en-us_topic_0075873748_p482973511826"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__i1db76070bddd4d418e79716595b675f9" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695149.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__ae9832da4cd4c4f76a150ffa8aca0d367">Try to modify the lfbank. f_ev_dp_kdpl_zhmin table to a column-store table, and then create the PCK (local clustering) in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__b84235270611120">yezdminc</strong> column, and set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__b84235270611013">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__b84235270611019">100000000</strong>. The execution plan after optimization is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__p18444153291916"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__image17487133381915" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815079.png"></span></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__n77dc681d02b2457da7fe9436f7f0bf22"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__u9e869845806b4661b03a4fdcfb86d1cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__l89d8bc882497457989cdfd799c5fb52d">This method actually sacrifices the performance during data import to improve the query performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__l6a82c1d6bdf843ca8e3fb0879c907757">The number of local sorting tuples is increased, and you need to increase the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814827__b84235270611618">psort_work_mem</strong> to improve the sorting efficiency.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0484.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0484.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d754bd99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0484.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Reconstructing Partition Tables</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__s704c846564d342f9b26a809a18d6c3b0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__aa389ac7621c74724a4286488db86730f">In the following simple SQL statements, the performance bottlenecks exist in the scan operation of dwcjk.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__p35061265214"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__image144321527132113" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655366.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__p207931646142118"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__image68431747152118" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135172.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__sc78474f98c4545cebed65e9a997b1007"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization Analysis</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__a0eae1bbb4e824b848ea24081d7b4a6eb">Obviously, there are date features in the cjrq field of table data in the service layer, and this meet the features of a partitioned table. Replan the table definition of the dwcjk table. Set the cjrq field as a partition key, and day as an interval unit. Define the partitioned table dwcjk_part. The modified result is as follows, and the performance is nearly doubled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__p19149195515229"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__image13660855182216" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495195.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__p1197416718232"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655036__image758172511235" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815188.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0485.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0485.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1817700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0485.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Adjusting the GUC Parameter best_agg_plan</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__s4288e7bd1e0a421c8dbe9980514ccf5f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__a229b8ee0060b42189f8de9ce4fed1f5f">The t1 table is defined as follows: </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__sca2a7f3aefb04702a49d85f069dc993b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__a40b9fa332afe447ca864901afe669049">Assume that the distribution column of the result set provided by the agg lower-layer operator is setA, and the group by column of the agg operation is setB, the agg operations can be performed in two scenarios in the stream framework.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__o7ac84f86224e46108973f07af56db4f2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__lc7dee2a6ee034b1e89ab20e9a1c5f82e">setA is a subset of setB.<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__ade241027ca2d4a90852bb8cb604adb51"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__lc7dee2a6ee034b1e89ab20e9a1c5f82e"></a><a name="lc7dee2a6ee034b1e89ab20e9a1c5f82e"></a>In this scenario, the aggregation result of the lower-layer result set is the correct result, which can be directly used by the upper-layer operator. For details, see the following figure:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__s87dd3a7069b446709eb970102ccce2a5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----+------------------------------+--------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">56</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__l863a1d17adcb4f7bbc97e5efa38240ba">setA is not a subset of setB.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__afb5a14d64f47434b82e839c1663167b1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__l863a1d17adcb4f7bbc97e5efa38240ba"></a><a name="l863a1d17adcb4f7bbc97e5efa38240ba"></a>In this scenario, the Stream execution framework is classified into the following three plans:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__ada69395b80654d93ad4609fe6de5c5fd">hashagg+gather(redistribute)+hashagg</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__a7a1e1fd024124c2aa5395d5fe791a265">redistribute+hashagg(+gather)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__en-us_topic_0075928493_p789008171716">hashagg+redistribute+hashagg(+gather)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__a90cd39d699f34455b4708cbdb51b0b6a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__text42191246">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the guc parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706143254">best_agg_plan</strong> to intervene the execution plan, and forces the plan to generate the corresponding execution plan. This parameter can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706204737">0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706204740">1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706204743">2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706204747">3</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__ufd6ed2c0681f459794b948801f210f9f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__la340e87e1e5b466c9e51469b2858a03e">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b93285805111552">1</strong>, the first plan is forcibly generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__l8e6a8abc29fc4a60b4624dae525d7410">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b84235270694025">2</strong> and if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b842352706114610">group by</strong> column can be redistributed, the second plan is forcibly generated. Otherwise, the first plan is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__l31136023bbcb41f19eb65abf2d2d9461">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b84235270694153">3</strong> and if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__b18762497829427">group by</strong> column can be redistributed, the third plan is generated. Otherwise, the first plan is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__l4f1b9671385248acb67f0e94874b52cb">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270694450">0</strong>, the query optimizer chooses the most optimal plan by the three preceding plans' evaluation cost.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__a1b194c616a45425886e18faba6c3632c">For details, see the following figure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__s0487e47d3c4f4ccc984ffb49ec912f4a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">best_agg_plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+---------------------------------+--------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">best_agg_plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">85</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">best_agg_plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----------------------------------------+--------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HashAggregate</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__sca08850df5b04f8da78009cf074ec6b7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__aac27ba466bc5438c9bb7a950174ce4d6">Generally, the optimizer chooses an optimal execution plan, but the cost estimation, especially that of the intermediate result set, has large deviations, which may result in large deviations in agg calculation. In this case, you need to use best_agg_plan to adjust the agg calculation model.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694811__ab5b6130aeb7f48c888776418b07ed837">When the aggregation convergence ratio is very small, that is, the number of result sets does not become small obviously after the agg operation (5 times is a critical point), you can select the redistribute+hashagg or hashagg+redistribute+hashagg execution mode.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0486.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0486.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1814b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0486.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 1)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__sd8c16d5d2b694b79b6ec78840ebccf5a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__s364b4c3932734509a34610a7d6cb8600"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address_001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GZCS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address_001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__a8e10a2157b1c4905bd497effed88f2b5">This SQL performance is poor. SubPlan exists in the execution plan as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__p15141192614399"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__image913912603916" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695103.jpg"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__sc65067e194bb425aaa743bad024086bd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__a95cca59a3e324221a8fb5bcff22308f3">The core of this optimization is to eliminate subqueries. Based on the service scenario analysis, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__i561583257151817">a<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__b529143706151817">.</strong>ca_address_sk</em> is not null. In terms of SQL syntax, you can rewrite the SQL statement as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__s7603f5ed9bd34370a59583a2c74059d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address_001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address_001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__n8a43198340af492392b6fe249be07c54"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__a36f2b4bea2824ce793d93b90e27ad363">To ensure that the modified statements have the same functions, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__i736307817152037">not null</em> is added to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814621__i842352697152052">customer_address_001. ca_address_sk</em>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0487.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0487.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a22db25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0487.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Rewriting SQL and Deleting Subqueries (Case 2)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__s77a5bea19cdf4c43ac941d730acaf08b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__a2ccd6de2bc0a41c083d41cec6fb0006c">On a site, the customer gave the feedback saying that the execution time of the following SQL statements lasted over one day and did not end:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__saacc4b4578a74df29637639d9a185007"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ln_rec_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ln_process_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_rec_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_policysend_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dsign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_policysend_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__a4001ba2f58e54f6285ba6ed4e57b24ed">The corresponding execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__a28c6c5fb584148dcad566ae821afd7f2"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__i49bbbce124f64026a8ed2de149bf2d8c" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655278.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__s47b45adcee9948298473deaf39641aee"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__aaf1660b0ca644d439cfa7ed5430679b4">SubPlan exists in the execution plan, and the calculation accounts for a large proportion in the SubPlan query. That is, SubPlan is a performance bottleneck.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__acbd62e048254444b91d5a49160acf3d1">Based on the SQL syntax, you can rewrite the SQL statements and delete SubPlan as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__s66c8d12008d0426baf0bd1e3e7f94018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ln_rec_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ln_process_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_rec_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_policysend_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dsign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ln_branch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_policyno_cusr1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814337__a6b6bf0ad6a2d46a0ac439e86d8f2121d">The modified SQL statement task is complete within 50s.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0488.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0488.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07a6fc20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0488.html
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Eliminating Prune Interference</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__sa622744249414a04b2eabd54f17d72b2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__abd929ebf1d5a44ed94a67f5049e52b53">In a test at a site, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__b7906109195218">ddw_f10_op_cust_asset_mon</strong> is a partitioned table and the partition key is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__b990714916529">year_mth</strong> whose value is a combined string of month and year values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a9d944745b6784724aa609cf05727aece">The following figure shows the tested SQL statements:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__s70b80a4b4dd045e7a8c3dd0d04f516c8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_ddw_f10_op_cust_asset_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">year_mth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="mi">20170222</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmdd'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'yyyymm'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="mi">20170222</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__ad7c3fb1247e54d8ebf896188fbae5034">The test result shows the SQL Scan table takes 135s. This may be the performance bottleneck.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__n175a0db5d2ce40d5874748db84897e9a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a48ea0bf99e7d4b339493733b4058e6ae">add_months is a local adaptation function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__s1a55b0f51c8149e3b68af61fad56a546"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADD_MONTHS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'month'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 month - 1 day'</span><span class="p">)))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">date_trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'month'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' month - 1 day'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' month'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__s66b2c7c3ed1a4ede93232017c6486cb1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a0357035e73c34efb901438672bf78fce">According to the statement execution plan, the base table filter is displayed as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__sd17c5e97909241bfa02a89ead64e8681"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__ab9a46cf02db541688e7b82b91c99df79">Filter: (((year_mth)::text &lt;= '201702'::text) AND ((year_mth)::text &gt;= to_char(add_months(to_date('20170222'::text, 'YYYYMMDD'::text), (-11)), 'YYYYMM'::text)))</em></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a2290dcb066f64b2fb1501301afd41e1d">The query condition expression to_char(add_months(to_date(''20170222'','yyyymmdd'),-11),'yyyymm') exists in the filter condition, and this non-constant expression cannot be used for pruning. Therefore, all data of query statements in the partitioned tables is scanned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__aa1a1faacede0438f91c39f212e73cfd9">to_date and to_char are stable functions as queried in the pg_proc. Based on the function behaviors described in Postgresql, this type of function cannot be converted into the Const value in the preprocessing phase, which is the root cause of preventing partition pruning.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a504f74cb6018465db0dab1926ee238b8">Based on the preceding analysis, the optimization expression can be used for partition pruning, which is the key to performance optimization. The original SQL statements can be written to as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__s6713ae2ec8bb4140a9623ea38a7b5f2c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_ddw_f10_op_cust_asset_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">year_mth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ADD_MONTHS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20170222'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ADD_MONTHS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20170222'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="mi">20170222</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814544__a48096dcd01c64d6cbd198af823a88e43">The execution time of modified SQL statements is reduced from 135s to 18s.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0489.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0489.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc65d571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0489.html
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Rewriting SQL Statements and Deleting in-clause</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__s62753fae656e4105be0fb9611658d9a8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Symptom</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__aeff24089b7254c2f985b8b5bedf047e7">in-clause/any-clause is a common SQL statement constraint. Sometimes, the clause following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__b842352706215253">in</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__b842352706215250">any</strong> is a constant. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__s23a7afe46b5246bc8226e7b6b1b238a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_result_tmp_t1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20120405'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'20130405'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__a2dd0ce77734249319e2cc161b6926073">or</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__sc8302feb23c240aab6982b2112e1f1fd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_result_tmp_t1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20120405'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'20130405'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__ae3eedbc314384af8bc0f0aa5cd89051a">Some special usages are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__saf16a48c2dfe4fc2bba4c33ed3667cc2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bthdate</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_result_tmp_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p10_md_tmp_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="n">id15</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__a4eeb171fc83041e7b9400a51363d4c09">Where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__b842352706215455">id</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__b842352706215456">id15</strong> are columns of p10_md_tmp_t2. ls_pid_cusr1 = any(values(id),(id15)) equals t1. ls_pid_cusr1 = id or t1. ls_pid_cusr1 = id15.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__a1baeaf741c7340d2ac3266e49c1e8499">Therefore, join-condition is essentially an inequality, and nestloop must be used for this join operation. The execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__ae75ff84b3c634b06a44c8aa41b89116b"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__i9d41cc2ef5ce4f1088b14ab946ef801a" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495111.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__s6fbb2a055ba54f258dc9d4a103ba968e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__ab86d8f55e0014f8fa7057b62222dc967">The test result shows that both result sets are too large. As a result, nestloop is time-consuming with more than one hour to return results. Therefore, the key to performance optimization is to eliminate nestloop, using more efficient hashjoin. From the perspective of semantic equivalence, the SQL statements can be written as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__s0654ca6d50764500bad89d2d7d968536"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ym</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bthdate</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ym</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_result_tmp_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p10_md_tmp_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bthdate</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ym</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calc_empfyc_c1_result_tmp_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p10_md_tmp_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ls_pid_cusr1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__a0f501d22f53c45fc9cb1f660fff31a9d">The optimized SQL queries consist of two equivalent join subqueries, and each subquery can be used for hashjoin in this scenario. The optimized execution plan is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__p1722451513212"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__image192249159329" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135088.jpg"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694419__aefd8d57e610c4f29b588c9abffe24b5e">Before the optimization, no result is returned for more than 1 hour. After the optimization, the result is returned within 7s.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Case: Setting Partial Cluster Keys</h1>
+<div id="body1536744408857"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p8060118">You can add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b95117431449">PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY</strong>(<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__i10363194715415">column_name</em>[,...]) to the definition of a column-store table to set one or more columns of this table as partial cluster keys. In this way, each 70 CUs (4.2 million rows) will be sorted based on the cluster keys by default during data import and the value range is narrowed down for each of the new 70 CUs. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b56621737043">where</strong> condition in the query statement contains these columns, the filtering performance will be improved.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__ol4703185215810"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li170345210820">Use partial cluster keys.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__screen438511318486"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_PARTKEY</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SUPPKEY</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINENUMBER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_QUANTITY</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_EXTENDEDPRICE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_DISCOUNT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_TAX</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RETURNFLAG</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINESTATUS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPDATE</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMITDATE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RECEIPTDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPINSTRUCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPMODE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMENT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l_extendedprice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_discount</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">revenue</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l_shipdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1994-01-01'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_shipdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1994-01-01'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 year'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_discount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_quantity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p1857794717428">In the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b10620124918146">where</strong> condition, both the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b862214920146">l_shipdate</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b1762484931410">l_quantity</strong> columns have a few distinct values, and their values can be used for min/max filtering. Therefore, modify the table definition as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__screen143482148481"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_PARTKEY</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SUPPKEY</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINENUMBER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_QUANTITY</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_EXTENDEDPRICE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_DISCOUNT</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_TAX</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RETURNFLAG</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_LINESTATUS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPDATE</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMITDATE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_RECEIPTDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPINSTRUCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_SHIPMODE</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_COMMENT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">partial</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cluster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l_shipdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_quantity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L_ORDERKEY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p19819743155117">Import the data again and run the query statement. Then, compare the execution time before and after partial cluster keys are used.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__fig205281810195818"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Partial cluster keys not used</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__image1452891055816" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815055.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__fig242244625"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>CU loading without partial cluster keys</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__image8422041821" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495203.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__fig64071114632"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>Partial cluster keys used</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__image1240720141432" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895173.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__fig613815461839"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>CU loading with partial cluster keys</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__image413818461333" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975190.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p18731259161212">After partial cluster keys are used, the execution time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b1243511181336">5-- CStore Scan on public.lineitem</strong> decreases by 1.2s because 84 CUs are filtered out.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li3223131817128">Select partial cluster keys.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__ul1338514552167"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li837120133286">The following data types support cluster keys: character varying(n), varchar(n), character(n), char(n), text, nvarchar2, timestamp with time zone, timestamp without time zone, date, time without time zone, and time with time zone.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li238585591611">Smaller number of distinct values in a partial cluster key generates higher filtering performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li121972010318">Columns that can filter out larger amount of data is preferentially selected as partial cluster keys.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li675415919326">If multiple columns are selected as partial cluster keys, the columns are used in sequence to sort data. You are advised to select a maximum of three columns.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li179031511131318">Modify parameters to reduce the impact of partial cluster keys on the import performance.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p1845624820416"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__li179031511131318"></a><a name="li179031511131318"></a>After partial cluster keys are used, data will be sorted when they are imported, affecting the import performance. If all the data can be sorted in the memory, the keys have little impact on import. If some data cannot be sorted in the memory and is written into a temporary file for sorting, the import performance will be greatly affected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p13740162310496">The memory used for sorting is specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b25068486478">psort_work_mem</strong> parameter. You can set it to a larger value so that the sorting has less impact on the import performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p1385620113528">The volume of data to be sorted is specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b19965101711511">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS</strong> parameter of the table. Decreasing the value of this parameter reduces the amount of data to be sorted at a time. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b1222353790">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS</strong> is usually used along with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b199562046165213">MAX_BATCHROW</strong> parameter. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b13516131265313">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS</strong> must be an integer multiple of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b17546131813538">MAX_BATCHROW</strong> value. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__b42881739125312">MAX_BATCHROW</strong> specifies the maximum number of rows in a CU.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694787__p1885926194819"></p>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0474.html">Optimization Cases</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0491.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0491.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31b7080a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0491.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991254"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991254"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</h1>
+<div id="body0000001100991254"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991254__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0492.html">Low Query Efficiency</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0494.html">DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0495.html">Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0496.html">An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0497.html">Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0492.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0492.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e564a035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0492.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Low Query Efficiency</h1>
+<div id="body32001227"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_ad6f1e192e6594432a177de9cebc052b7">A query task that used to take a few milliseconds to complete is now requiring several seconds, and that used to take several seconds is now requiring even half an hour. This section describes how to analyze and rectify such low efficiency issues.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_s30ae113529ef4b3c8869b999a841f6ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_aaf8f143cabcb4f449ad742eb1fcc1484">Perform the following procedure to locate the cause of this fault.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_o0365dbd878594c9d98f631f3063e62d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_ldc685bfa86ee43619d02a1bfd3a74a4f"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_b842352706165954">analyze</strong> command to analyze the database.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_a7bd5496828b749f185dd2f838c49f59a">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_b84235270617150">analyze</strong> command updates data statistics information, such as data sizes and attributes in all tables. This is a lightweight command and can be executed frequently. If the query efficiency is improved or restored after the command execution, the autovacuum process does not function well and requires further analysis.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_le28ef44e72dc4b3bae4a1f3d89ff4bf6"><span>Check whether the query statement returns unnecessary information.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_ae5cc25fed3b54469a1631b8692733478">For example, if we only need the first 10 records in a table but the query statement searches all records in the table, the query efficiency is fine for a table containing only 50 records but very low for a table containing 50,000 records. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_a5ffe235dc31f4fabb470f165ec450fcd">If an application requires only a part of data information but the query statement returns all information, add a LIMIT clause to the query statement to restrict the number of returned records. In this way, the database optimizer can optimize space and improve query efficiency.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_l389115dd13554e85a3cfa4c96d63b83c"><span>Check whether the query statement still has a low response even when it is solely executed.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_a3b232284c7564423b667b1f6009b4fb3">Run the query statement when there are no or only a few other query requests in the database, and observe the query efficiency. If the efficiency is high, the previous issue is possibly caused by a heavily loaded host in the database system or an inefficient execution plan.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_l80db4bcdda2b4245a7c0ddd5ae194b19"><span>Check the same query statement repeatedly to check the query efficiency.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_a7902834b68a04ce49867532874fe21dd">One major cause that will reduce query efficiency is that the required information is not cached in the memory or is replaced by other query requests because of insufficient memory resources.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147271177__en-us_topic_0000001098666916_adcc6581145e947b5b321ecce0735774d">Run the same query statement repeatedly. If the query efficiency increases gradually, the previous issue might be caused by this reason.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0494.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0494.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca801022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0494.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TABLE Fails to Be Executed</h1>
+<div id="body32001227"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_s741ce678916b47cf9c042521f612031b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Problem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_ab634043f06f0432d99fcd8c72ea3bd2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b84235270692055">DROP TABLE</strong> fails to be executed in the following scenarios:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_ueff22e5c26504676b853e503706efa5b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_l7ff249a17e5c42dcb63fd68a9dd7b9a2">A user runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b8423527069221">\dt+</strong> command using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b369145811373">gsql</strong> and finds that the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i872618133718">table_name</em> table does not exist. When the user runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b84235270692243">CREATE TABLE table_name</strong> command, an error message indicating that the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i83792236375">table_name</em> table exists is displayed. When the user runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b992815912383">DROP TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i121884353918">table_name</em> command, an error message indicating that the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i363932815371">table_name</em> table does not exist is displayed. In this case, the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i352313323711">table_name</em> table cannot be recreated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_lf9ea28dacadb4ae1a105c7b76a226c32">A user runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b129216304792658">\dt+</strong> command using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b66154235381">gsql</strong> and finds that the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i346912288382">table_name</em> table exists in the database. When the user runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b264113369389">DROP TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i733214015386">table_name</em> command, an error message indicating that the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i1537154893814">table_name</em> table does not exist is displayed. In this case, the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i1888305373810">table_name</em> table cannot be recreated.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_s328504c5294e4bdeb327d25a4edec4b5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Possible Causes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_a2e47552368ac4741afab9a6df8d2cfbd">The table_name table exists on some nodes only.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_s40029b52d6f44441ba5816d726ad9e96"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Troubleshooting Method</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_a1c3d033363654cfdbc2668f1945667c0">In the preceding scenarios, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b2388442133411">DROP TABLE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i93941542203417">table_name</em> fails to be executed, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_b12395942103410">DROP TABLE IF EXISTS</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i739654213349">table_name</em> to successfully drop <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100831256__en-us_topic_0000001145826523_i139710428349">table_name</em>. </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0495.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0495.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c5dfbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0495.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users</h1>
+<div id="body32001227"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_sf8a4063e06b44407b5553977911042c0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Problem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_a020e907803924a94bcba5064208e6dc5">Two users log in to the same database human_resource and run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270617825">select count(*) from areas</strong> statement separately to query the areas table, but obtain different results.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_s4074e59300254dd4a3368ea5359ed9b1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Possible Causes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_a6a6164c741d547d1979f7bdcae6b5141">Check whether the two users really query the same table. In a relational database, a table is identified by three elements: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706103758">database</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270610381">schema</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270610384">table</strong>. In this issue, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270610387">database</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706103818">human_resource</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b1971353131103822">table</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706103829">areas</strong>. Then, check <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b699332483517">schema</strong>. Log in as users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b1840473650103930"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_text3365511124711">dbadmin</span></strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b1040633616103930">user01</strong> separately. It is found that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706104051">search_path</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270610418">public</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b1481764093104022"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_text3395436193513">dbadmin</span></strong> and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_i842352697104034">$user</em> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706104044">user01</strong>. By default, a schema having the same name as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b842352706164938"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_text18279163012597">dbadmin</span></strong>, the cluster administrator, is not created. That is, all tables will be created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b1191696437104259">public</strong> if no schema is specified. However, when a common user, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b19709847193512">user01</strong>, is created, the same-name schema (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b5714447193512">user01</strong>) is created by default. That is, all tables are created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b177154471356">user01</strong> if the schema is not specified. In conclusion, both the two users are operating the table, causing that the same-name table is not really the same table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_sef5fe7e9180f4c69bc744de66d11555b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Troubleshooting Method</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_afd22f460cc954272bfeef7ab10e26fd9">Use <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_i842352697105257">schema</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100991258__en-us_topic_0000001145826905_b84235270610535">.table</strong> to determine a table for query.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0496.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0496.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f2cfa97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0496.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">An Error Occurs During the Integer Conversion</h1>
+<div id="body32001227"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_s5cb73a583aaa4103806b30355353699a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Problem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_a235f7cce5d7e4611892377f1b5270cd8">The following error is reported during the integer conversion:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_s9acfefa3a02b495f909830a6228be11c">Invalid input syntax for integer: "13."</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_se352e095267041119c927a51133a0662"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Possible Causes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_a530f6ce7c0b34dada232ce415e196bb5">Some data types cannot be converted to the target data type.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_sf40fe317eb214eb6883b5156a000bb7a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Troubleshooting</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001100671274__en-us_topic_0000001098986828_a4f0b64dbbc654613948cda673d584d04">Gradually narrow down the range of SQL statements to locate the fault.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0497.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0497.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8091e855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0497.html
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Automatic Retry upon SQL Statement Execution Errors</h1>
+<div id="body32001227"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1954624315308">With automatic retry (referred to as CN retry), <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_text1831890165">GaussDB(DWS)</span> retries an SQL statement when the execution of this statement fails. If an SQL statement sent from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b6874413197">gsql</strong> client, JDBC driver, or ODBC driver fails to be executed, the CN can automatically identify the error reported during execution and re-deliver the task to retry.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p4825165811117">The restrictions of this function are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul082575891118"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li595918091913">Functionality restrictions:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul148981383194"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li158251358101117">CN retry increases execution success rate but does not guarantee success.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li9271351132815">CN retry is enabled by default. In this case, the system records logs about temporary tables. If it is disabled, the system will not record the logs. Therefore, do not repeatedly enable and disable CN retry when temporary tables are used. Otherwise, data inconsistency may occur after a CN retry following a primary/standby switchover.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li11781139103518">CN retry is enabled by default. In this case, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b115561255111912">unlogged</strong> keyword is ignored in the statement for creating unlogged tables and thereby ordinary tables will be created by using this statement. If CN retry is disabled, the system records logs about unlogged tables. Therefore, do not repeatedly enable and disable CN retry when unlogged tables are used. Otherwise, data inconsistency may occur after a CN retry following a primary/standby switchover.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li2600933642">When GDS is used to export data, CN retry is supported. The existing mechanism checks for duplicate files and deletes duplicate files during data export. Therefore, you are advised not to repeatedly export data for the same foreign table unless you are sure that files with the same name in the data directory need to be deleted.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li762420499467">Error type restrictions:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p14819656154610"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li762420499467"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li762420499467"></a>Only the error types in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_table17724162161910">Table 1</a> are supported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1882695812110">Statement type restrictions:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1594239474"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1882695812110"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1882695812110"></a>Support single-statement CN retry, stored procedures, functions, and anonymous blocks. Statements in transaction blocks are not supported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li448844917114">Statement restrictions of a stored procedure:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul153234221823"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li153945191228">If an error occurs during the execution of a stored procedure containing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b93440324485">EXCEPTION</strong> (including statement block execution and statement execution in EXCEPTION), the stored procedure can be retried. If an internal error occurs, the stored procedure will retry first, but if the error is captured by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b1154805595116">EXCEPTION</strong>, the stored procedure cannot be retried.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li41742314310">Packages that use global variables are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li133072371840"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b135175965916">DBMS_JO</strong> is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li6978184319413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b11103836124714">UTL_FILE</strong> is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li18371185010712">If the stored procedure has printed information (such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b96091221164315">dbms_output.put_line</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b52541426114313">raise info</strong>), the printed information will be output repeatedly when retry occurs, and "Notice: Retry triggered, some message may be duplicated. " will be output before the repeated information.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li12826658181119">Cluster status restrictions:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul1682615581119"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li2826458111116">Only DNs or GTMs are faulty.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li2826758171117">The cluster can be recovered before the number of CN retries reaches the allowed maximum (controlled by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b17400173412409">max_query_retry_times</strong>). Otherwise, CN retry may fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1815255315333">CN retry is not supported during scale-out.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1439703161713">Data import restrictions:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul47430479177"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li18509194651713">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b842352706194419">COPY FROM STDIN</strong> statement is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li669514106252">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b1158695184919">gsql \copy from</strong> metacommand is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li1780651663815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b073974115505">JDBC CopyManager copyIn</strong> is not supported.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p88269582119"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_table17724162161910">Table 1</a> lists the error types supported by CN retry and the corresponding error codes. You can use the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b10975252184012">retry_ecode_list</strong> to set the list of error types supported by CN retry. You are not advised to modify this parameter. To modify it, contact the technical support.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_table17724162161910"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098987144_table17724162161910"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_table17724162161910" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Error types supported by CN retry</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row772472131915"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p3724172111199">Error Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1172432111918">Error Code</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p69901235867">Remarks</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row107241921171911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1376293312590">CONNECTION_RESET_BY_PEER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p272452191917">YY001</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p899013353614">TCP communication errors: Connection reset by peer (communication between the CN and DNs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row16724921101919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p57624337592">STREAM_CONNECTION_RESET_BY_PEER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p8724122113198">YY002</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p69904351664">TCP communication errors: Stream connection reset by peer (communication between DNs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row14724121191915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p47621033125918">LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p2724142121913">YY003</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p8990103512610">Lock wait timeout</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row19724321121918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p376219333598">CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p2072462171914">YY004</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p169902351961">TCP communication errors: Connection timed out</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row1072410218194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p107621433125917">SET_QUERY_ERROR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p072410219191">YY005</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p899117353616">Failed to deliver the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_b1629120250132">SET</strong> command: Set query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row5724721121914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p9762233145915">OUT_OF_LOGICAL_MEMORY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p572472111198">YY006</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p12991133511620">Failed to apply for memory: Out of logical memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row157241521181911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1762173310593">SCTP_MEMORY_ALLOC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p14724182113196">YY007</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p139915352613">SCTP communication errors: Memory allocate error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row27240215194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p207621133135916">SCTP_NO_DATA_IN_BUFFER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p3726102141919">YY008</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1299123518615">SCTP communication errors: SCTP no data in buffer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row177265218194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p147632335590">SCTP_RELEASE_MEMORY_CLOSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p3726172141917">YY009</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p699117355611">SCTP communication errors: Release memory close</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row1672622191912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p14763933185910">SCTP_TCP_DISCONNECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p14726152151916">YY010</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p9991173512619">SCTP communication errors: TCP disconnect</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row19726192151912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p176343365918">SCTP_DISCONNECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p9726152114196">YY011</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p0991635469">SCTP communication errors: SCTP disconnect</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row137265216195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p17636339594">SCTP_REMOTE_CLOSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1672613216194">YY012</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p129911359610">SCTP communication errors: Stream closed by remote</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row8726221161915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p18763833135918">SCTP_WAIT_POLL_UNKNOW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p672616211190">YY013</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p139918356610">Waiting for an unknown poll: SCTP wait poll unknown</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row1179519164197"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p476315334594">SNAPSHOT_INVALID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p97971916141911">YY014</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p59911351769">Snapshot invalid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row82108374328"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1076317334594">ERRCODE_CONNECTION_RECEIVE_WRONG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p3210123718324">YY015</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1899217356613">Connection receive wrong</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row572619215199"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p5763133318598">OUT_OF_MEMORY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p11726102101916">53200</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p7992133515616">Out of memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row5726102111196"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p87631433135911">CONNECTION_FAILURE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p167262021181910">08006</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1099217351063">GTM errors: Connection failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row2072652113192"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p5763183312593">CONNECTION_EXCEPTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1472715216190">08000</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p109929351264">Failed to communicate with DNs due to connection errors: Connection exception</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row1072732117195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p9763123355913">ADMIN_SHUTDOWN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p4727821121917">57P01</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p17992143512616">System shutdown by administrators: Admin shutdown</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row20727821111913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p3763133318597">STREAM_REMOTE_CLOSE_SOCKET</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1872712111190">XX003</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p0992935262">Remote socket disabled: Stream remote close socket</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row91401602014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p97631533205911">ERRCODE_STREAM_DUPLICATE_QUERY_ID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p18140869201">XX009</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p89921235469">Duplicate query id</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row93815447215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p11381441216">ERRCODE_STREAM_CONCURRENT_UPDATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p03816444213">YY016</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p10383445213">Stream concurrent update</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row1870714153"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p596410818588">ERRCODE_LLVM_BAD_ALLOC_ERROR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p174591613553">CG003</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1553439155711">Memory allocation error: Allocate error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row087313148510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1950083519589">ERRCODE_LLVM_FATAL_ERROR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p1074611615554">CG004</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p4523831578">Fatal error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_row74331347134418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.29%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p20434164784411"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ph48291541159">HashJoin Temporary File Read Error(ERRCODE_HASHJOIN_TEMP_FILE_ERROR)</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.309999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p7435164712440"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ph2062852817412">F0011</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.4%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p24361470448">Temporary file read error<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ph11284143911412">, File error</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p137911946162611">To enable CN retry, set the following GUC parameters:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_ul479194610264"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li679124616266">Mandatory GUC parameters (required by both CNs and DNs)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p6791154612620"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li679124616266"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098987144_li679124616266"></a>max_query_retry_times</p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_note15544350013"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001147351107__en-us_topic_0000001098987144_p10544550419">If CN retry is enabled, temporary table data is logged. For data consistency, do not switch the enabled/disabled status for CN retry when the temporary tables are being used by sessions.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0491.html">SQL Execution Troubleshooting</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0507.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0507.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694659"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694659"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">User-Defined Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1512445721425"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694659__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0509.html">PL/Java Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0511.html">PL/pgSQL Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0509.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0509.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PL/Java Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427336"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p8060118">With the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1664295437">GaussDB(DWS)</span> PL/Java functions, you can choose your favorite Java IDE to write Java methods and install the JAR files containing these methods into the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text449389827">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database before invoking them. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1654382931">GaussDB(DWS)</span> PL/Java is developed based on open-source PL/Java 1.5.5 and uses JDK 1.8.0_292.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section13472159101911"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p747212916199">Java UDF can be used for some Java logical computing. You are not advised to encapsulate services in Java UDF.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul347216911918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li15472159201919">You are not advised to connect to a database in any way (for example, JDBC) in Java functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li176681919205916">Currently, only data types listed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__table10200627143416">Table 1</a> are supported. Other data types, such as user-defined data types and complex data types (for example, Java array and its derived types) are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li2472298197">Currently, UDAF and UDTF are not supported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section114893304543"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p439924510259">Before using PL/Java, you need to pack the implementation of Java methods into a JAR package and deploy it into the database. Then, create functions as a database administrator. For compatibility purposes, use JDK 1.8.0_262 for compilation.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ol1045715369169"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li84576364168"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li84576364168"></a><a name="li84576364168"></a><span>Compile a JAR package.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p15993191951717">Java method implementation and JAR package archiving can be achieved in an integrated development environment (IDE). The following is a simple example of compilation and archiving through command lines. You can create a JAR package that contains a single method in the similar way.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p385201201718">First, prepare an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b359781215413">Example.java</strong> file that contains a method for converting substrings to uppercase. In the following example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b13652171613414">Example</strong> is the class name and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11203013413">upperString</strong> is the method name:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen156231012154417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Example</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">upperString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">beginIndex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endIndex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">beginIndex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endIndex</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">toUpperCase</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p14108115791112">Then, create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1911894173716">manifest.txt</strong> file containing the following content:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen12863150164419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">Manifest</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Main</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Example</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Specification</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Title</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Example&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Specification</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Created</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">By</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.6.0_35</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">b10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">428</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="n">M3811</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Build</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Date</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2018</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AM</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1031254344718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b7548646181213">Manifest-Version</strong> specifies the version of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b19810195931220">manifest</strong> file. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b865665131316">Main-Class</strong> specifies the main class used by the .jar file. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b3681849182315">Specification-Title</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b04021607243">Specification-Version</strong> are the extended attributes of the package. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b280171412415">Specification-Title</strong> specifies the title of the extended specification and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2684163820240">Specification-Version</strong> specifies the version of the extended specification. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1161957132418">Created-By</strong> specifies the person who created the file. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b10835121313012">Build-Date</strong> specifies the date when the file was created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p171396215111">Finally, archive the .java file and package it into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1025919177382">javaudf-example.jar</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1928132716459"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">javac</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">java</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">jar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cfm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">javaudf</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">jar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manifest</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">txt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note2805121310812"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p158051613886">JAR package names must comply with JDK rules. If a name contains invalid characters, an error occurs when a function is deployed or used.</p>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li12780651201619"><span>Deploy the JAR package.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p16776347798">First store the JAR package on an OBS server. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ph12241326122712">For details, see "Uploading a File" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__en-us_topic_0121850873_i11596931144017">Object Storage Service Console Operation Guide</em>.</span> Then, create the access key AK/SK. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ph12946192642811">For details about how to create access keys, see "Creating an Access Key (AK and SK)" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__en-us_topic_0121850873_i1575119108597">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</span> After that, log in to the database, run the gs_extend_library function, and import the package to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text96329813">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1076191584616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">gs_extend_library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">addjar</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="c1">//bucket/path/javaudf-example.jar accesskey=access_key_value_to_be_replaced  secretkey=secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced  region=region_name libraryname=example');</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1158292815166">For details about how to use the gs_extend_library function, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1437422919465"> Manage JAR packages and files</a>. Change the values of AK and SK as needed. Replace <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__i314831165819">region_name</em> with an actual region name.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li11306105013139"><span>Use a PL/Java function.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1057711294174">Log in to the database as a user who has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b89488471356">sysadmin</strong> permission (for example, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text10168144975919">dbadmin</span>) and create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b97725843510">java_upperstring</strong> function:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen46586272479"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">java_upperstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">Example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">upperString</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAVA</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note3439173616326"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul16402134415326"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li162338081319">The data type defined in the java_upperstring function should be a type in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text872904842">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and match the data type defined in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li84576364168">1</a> in the upperString method in Java. For details about the mapping between <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1900533305">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and Java data types, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__table10200627143416">Table 1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li17336213151319">The AS clause specifies the class name and static method name of the Java method invoked by the function. The format is <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__i44861619164919">Class name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b86500275499">.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__i68051223134916">Method name</em>. The class name and method name must match the Java class and method defined in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li84576364168">1</a>. In this example, no packages are specified. If a package has been specified, specify the complete class name when using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b67811332410">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li152616461027">To use PL/Java functions, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b8274153719401">LANGUAGE</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1081094217404">JAVA</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li11709124914015">For details about CREATE FUNCTION, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1541715862915">Create functions</a>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p768781221815">Execute the java_upperstring function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen9518736174714"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">java_upperstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p5578144910186">The expected result is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen194381742104710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">java_upperstring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">---------------------</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li22171355192013"><span>Authorize a common user to use the PL/Java function.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p98171632112113">Create a common user named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1461011101711">udf_user</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1814151362213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">udf_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1433702592216">This command grants user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1086621095410">udf_user</strong> the permission for the java_upperstring function. Note that the user can use this function only if it also has the permission for using the schema of the function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen2356010143014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">udf_user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">java_upperstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">udf_user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p628973617329">Log in to the database as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1231232884016">udf_user</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1991081183310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">udf_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p6881201819337">Execute the java_upperstring function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen11693164573310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">java_upperstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p136996456335">The expected result is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen2070144519331"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">java_upperstring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">---------------------</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li5959164216225"><span>Delete the function.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p177703536224">If you no longer need this function, delete it.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen972114315213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">java_upperstring</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li141472412176"><span>Uninstall the JAR package.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1915417610415">Use the gs_extend_library function to uninstall the JAR package.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen676124212487"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">gs_extend_library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">rmjar</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">libraryname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section1790581992612"><h4 class="sectiontitle">SQL Definition and Usage</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul94179585291"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1437422919465"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1437422919465"></a><a name="li1437422919465"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b16434194674610">Manage JAR packages and files.</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p20806174020463">A database user having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1055531241110">sysadmin</strong> permission can use the gs_extend_library function to deploy, view, and delete JAR packages in the database. The syntax of the function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen880864315315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_extend_library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'[action]'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[operation]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note1496811305514"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul138514334563"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li72161351201114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b15841462">action</strong>: operation action. The options are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul19502056161117"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li68510336569"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11551726194614">ls</strong>: Displays JAR packages in the database and checks the MD5 value consistency of files on each node.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li198056366567"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1045511251366">addjar</strong>: deploys a JAR package on the OBS server in the database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li12351315185716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11642392122">rmjar</strong>: Deletes JAR packages from the database.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1042010791216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b6439112117486">operation</strong>: operation string. The format can be either of the following:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1743352114514">obs://[bucket]/[source_filepath] accesskey=[accesskey] secretkey=[secretkey] region=[region] libraryname=[libraryname]</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul69684311318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li159681331815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b842014131142">bucket</strong>: name of the bucket to which the OBS file belongs. It is mandatory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li41661111245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b166221112173815">source_filepath</strong>: file path on the OBS server. Only .jar files are supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li89193292211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1406172965113">accesskey</strong>: key obtained for accessing the OBS service. It is mandatory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li474455331"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b14676132165217">secret_key</strong>: secret key obtained for the OBS service. It is mandatory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li83828343534"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1673012327559">region</strong>: region where the OBS bucket stored in the JAR package of a user-defined function belongs to. This parameter is mandatory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li566271617316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b84423223019">libraryname</strong>: user-defined library name, which is used to invoke JAR files in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text737749401">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b15714396176">action</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b75274811715">addjar</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b85064124183">rmjar</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b983817260184">libraryname</strong> must be specified. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b546493417182">action</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1120183891810">ls</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b3432124711815">libraryname</strong> is optional. Note that a user-defined library name cannot contain the following characters: /|;&amp;$&lt;&gt;\'{}"()[]~*?!</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1541715862915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1541715862915"></a><a name="li1541715862915"></a>Create functions.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1311925173017"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1541715862915"></a><a name="li1541715862915"></a>PL/Java functions can be created using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11245222201112">CREATE FUNCTION</strong> syntax and are defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1199417317118">LANGUAGE JAVA</strong>, including the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b12420163816117">RETURNS</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b9296134051118">AS</strong> clauses.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul8450104931314"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li12738939181318">To use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2292168105415">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>, specify the name and parameter type for the function to be created.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li9760539101312">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b5867320105520">RETURNS</strong> clause specifies the return type for the function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1176163911310">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b923332015123">AS</strong> clause specifies the class name and static method name of the Java method to be invoked. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b929573051210">NULL</strong> value needs to be transferred to the Java method as an input parameter, specify the name of the Java encapsulation class corresponding to the parameter type. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section11546180328">NULL Handling</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li15458121419253">For details about the syntax, see CREATE FUNCTION.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Java" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen15458181482520"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rettype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DETERMINISTIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">LANGAUGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAVA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">[</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STATBLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VOLATILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LEAKPROOF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINDOW</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CALLED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INVOKER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execution_cost</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_rows</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|=</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">method_name</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li161941319300">Use functions.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p131836393217"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li161941319300"></a><a name="li161941319300"></a>During execution, PL/Java searches for the Java class specified by a function among all the deployed JAR packages, which are ranked by name in alphabetical order, invokes the Java method in the first found class, and returns results.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li177208542464">Delete functions.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p314917318321"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li177208542464"></a><a name="li177208542464"></a>PL/Java functions can be deleted by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b168715361892">DROP FUNCTION</strong> syntax. For details about the syntax, see DROP FUNCTION.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen6274172217820">DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] function_name [ ( [ {[ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype} [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ];</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p414923103215">To delete an overloaded function (for details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section13355162616820">Overloaded Functions</a>), specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b324844212016">argtype</strong> in the function. To delete other functions, simply specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b4350102313018">function_name</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li19929482465"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li19929482465"></a><a name="li19929482465"></a>Authorize permissions for functions.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p154972317332"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li19929482465"></a><a name="li19929482465"></a>Only user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1418165681416">sysadmin</strong> can create PL/Java functions. It can also grant other users the permission to use the PL/Java functions. For details about the syntax, see GRANT.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1534510484810">GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON { FUNCTION {function_name ( [ {[ argmode ] [ arg_name ] arg_type} [, ...] ] )} [, ...]
+        | ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
+    TO { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
+    [ WITH GRANT OPTION ];</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section2828135511337"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Mapping for Basic Data Types</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__table10200627143416"></a><a name="table10200627143416"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__table10200627143416" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PL/Java mapping for default data types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row52006273347"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p12221055173619"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1858749099">GaussDB(DWS)</span></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p182285553613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b222555123617">Java</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row16200102783419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1322105512361">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1922175514367">boolean</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row132001827103418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1623155517366">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p22365583612">byte</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row192001627153420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1124175533612">bytea</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p324165512366">byte[]</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row52011027113413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1824155533619">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1424955103619">short</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row520182783411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p32475516360">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p72485573617">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row2126124903615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p112415517366">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p12410551363">long</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row113734619364"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1224175519367">FLOAT4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1324155513366">float</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row1220119277343"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p4245552369">FLOAT8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p132415556365">double</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row194001343143617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p524055113617">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p024195516368">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row989924003617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1724155512367">VARCHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p192418558360">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row120172753416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p92475512360">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p132411553366">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row1154313281354"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p42455515364">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p92645513367">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row627313814365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p426125515368">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p626175533613">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row9126123918355"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p142695523610">TIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p2261855153620">java.sql.Time (stored value treated as local time)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row47181243113513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1826055193619">TIMETZ</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p726165553613">java.sql.Time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row16150193563516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p52755593616">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p02745533610">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row1445023473613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p9278556361">TIMESTAMPTZ</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p927135543614">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section158345559331"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Array Type Processing</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1435059163718"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text102181137">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can convert basic array types. You only need to append a pair of square brackets ([]) to the data type when creating a function.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen93421386913">CREATE FUNCTION java_arrayLength(INTEGER[])
+    RETURNS INTEGER
+    AS 'Example.getArrayLength'
+LANGUAGE JAVA;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p330203815385">Java code is similar to the following:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen156461932092">public class Example
+{
+    public static int getArrayLength(Integer[] intArray)
+    {
+        return intArray.length;
+    }
+}</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p971318401386">Invoke the following statement:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen145151466101">SELECT java_arrayLength(ARRAY[1, 2, 3]);</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p10211524143917">The expected result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen2506759091">java_arrayLength
+---------------------
+3
+(1 row)</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section11546180328"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section11546180328"></a><a name="section11546180328"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">NULL Handling</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p15709195103819">NULL values cannot be handled for <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text105792299">GaussDB(DWS)</span> data types that are mapped and can be converted to simple Java types by default. If you use a Java function to obtain and process the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b106123503166">NULL</strong> value transferred from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1577486310">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, specify the Java encapsulation class in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2331149177">AS</strong> clause as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen1652982251013">CREATE FUNCTION java_countnulls(INTEGER[])
+    RETURNS INTEGER
+    AS 'Example.countNulls(java.lang.Integer[])'
+LANGUAGE JAVA;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p16645571741">Java code is similar to the following:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen26525293106">public class Example
+{
+    public static int countNulls(Integer[] intArray)
+    {
+        int nullCount = 0;
+        for (int idx = 0; idx &lt; intArray.length; ++idx)
+        {
+            if (intArray[idx] == null)
+            nullCount++;
+        }
+        return nullCount;
+    }
+}</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p16748491243">Invoke the following statement:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen123483469105">SELECT java_countNulls(ARRAY[null, 1, null, 2, null]);</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1677134415514">The expected result is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen18918640201017">java_countNulls
+--------------------
+3
+(1 row)</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section13355162616820"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section13355162616820"></a><a name="section13355162616820"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overloaded Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p12954153711818">PL/Java supports overloaded functions. You can create functions with the same name or invoke overloaded functions from Java code. The procedure is as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ol176722021120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li136732081119"><span>Create overloaded functions.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1234416114194">For example, create two Java methods with the same name, and specify the methods dummy(int) and dummy(String) with different parameter types.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen43309327218">public class Example
+{
+    public static int dummy(int value)
+    {
+        return value*2;
+    }
+    public static String dummy(String value)
+    {
+        return value;
+    }
+}</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p7174183531918">In addition, create two functions with the same names as the above two functions in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text2085624622">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen12661355112117">CREATE FUNCTION java_dummy(INTEGER)
+    RETURNS INTEGER
+    AS 'Example.dummy'
+LANGUAGE JAVA;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION java_dummy(VARCHAR)
+    RETURNS VARCHAR
+    AS 'Example.dummy'
+LANGUAGE JAVA;</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li164646554181"><span>Invoke the overloaded functions.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p49938325203"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text1151137651">GaussDB(DWS)</span> invokes the functions that match the specified parameter type. The results of invoking the above two functions are as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen153318328227">SELECT java_dummy(5);
+ java_dummy
+-----------------
+            10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT java_dummy('5');
+ java_dummy
+---------------
+5
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p958525892015">Note that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text716706362">GaussDB(DWS)</span> may implicitly convert data types. Therefore, you are advised to specify the parameter type when invoking an overloaded function.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen191414617222">SELECT java_dummy(5::varchar);
+ java_dummy
+----------------
+5
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p17321950202011">In this case, the specified parameter type is preferentially used for matching. If there is no Java method matching the specified parameter type, the system implicitly converts the parameter and searches for Java methods based on the conversion result.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen43601022142310">SELECT java_dummy(5::INTEGER);
+ java_dummy
+-----------------
+10
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION java_dummy(INTEGER);
+
+SELECT java_dummy(5::INTEGER);
+ java_dummy
+----------------
+5
+(1 row)</pre>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note107881957182110"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1078865752112">Data types supporting implicit conversion are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul652217119222"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1652231142217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1982185117375">SMALLINT</strong>: It can be converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1597253143810">INTEGER</strong> type by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li2076933122213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b5786105923812">SMALLINT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b347343143914">INTEGER</strong>: They can be converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b3223115443812">BIGINT</strong> type by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1318184314236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1449515304392">TINYINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b71980327394">SMALLINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11385183310396">INTEGER</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b14838153453919">BIGINT</strong>: They can be converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1259862214390">BOOL</strong> type by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li12860144318238"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b102927459399">CHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b187755469396">NAME</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b18589148123914">BIGINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1891624913396">INTEGER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b637085103916">SMALLINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b227615315395">TINYINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b6417755133916">RAW</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b109951956103913">FLOAT4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b153701358193915">FLOAT8</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b587018384016">BPCHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b754214617407">VARCHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2088515854013">NVARCHAR2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b4542510104011">DATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b7885212124017">TIMESTAMP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b6120131514405">TIMESTAMPTZ</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b68915198404">NUMERIC</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b0604021174018">SMALLDATETIME</strong>: They can be converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b13644443134014">TEXT</strong> type by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1980785322317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b156354391662">TEXT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1710320168424">CHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b57448193424">BIGINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1643116216424">INTEGER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1352582474210">SMALLINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b11744142684210">TINYINT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b275918286422">RAW</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b17455183112429">FLOAT4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b6408153354217">FLOAT8</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b111891935134215">BPCHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1659536154210">DATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b7173739114210">NVARCHAR2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b12424184214219">TIMESTAMP</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2549154510421">NUMERIC</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b14268185011420">SMALLDATETIME</strong>: They can be converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1861252424110">VARCHAR</strong> type by default.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li4857182942014"><span>Delete the overloaded functions.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1551817177241">To delete an overloaded function, specify the parameter type for the function. Otherwise, the function cannot be deleted.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen78947574233">DROP FUNCTION java_dummy(INTEGER);</pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section1523193734418"><h4 class="sectiontitle">GUC Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul1586122922719"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li105867290275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b19586122982719">pljava_vmoptions</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p020322616505">A session-level GUC parameter. It is used to set JVM startup parameters.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen10948132222419">SET pljava_vmoptions='-Xmx64m –Xms2m –XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=8m';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p13203192616504"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b51471143204510">pljava_vmoptions</strong> supports:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul1204172617501"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li10203162695018">JDK8 JVM startup parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1420312261503">JDK8 JVM system attributes (starting with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b16795152295912">–D</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b995162415597">–Djava.ext.dirs</strong>).<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note585731616296"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1443520268296">You are not advised to set any parameters that contain directories because such setting may lead to unpredictable behavior.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li620452605020">User-defined parameters (starting with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b93111833195918">–D</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b495113685911">–Duser.defined.option</strong>).<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note1376812215354"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p192061012143511">If a user sets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b10654282429">pljava_vmoptions</strong> to a value beyond the value range, an error will be reported during function revoking.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen4210912183512">SET pljava_vmoptions=' illegal.option';
+SET
+SELECT java_dummy(5::int);
+ERROR:  UDF Error:cannot use PL/Java before successfully completing its setup.Please check if your pljava_vmoption is set correctly,since we do not ignore illegal parameters.Or check the log for more messages.</pre>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul17268132515289"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li11268102552815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b126832518284">FencedUDFMemoryLimit</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p226892562812">A session-level GUC parameter. It is used to specify the maximum virtual memory used by a single Fenced UDF Worker process initiated by a session.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen18179162014292">SET FencedUDFMemoryLimit='512MB';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1526832519286">The value range of this parameter is (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1863091752216">150 MB</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b4945145214437">1G</strong>]. If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b18552219204415">1G</strong>, an error will be reported immediately. If the value is less than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b17424416122311">150 MB</strong>, an error will be reported during function invoking.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__note9268182510284"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul22682025112816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1955514541565">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b2348125913305">FencedUDFMemoryLimit</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1645661193112">0</strong>, the virtual memory for a Fenced UDF Worker process will not be limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li8206143847">You are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b3747152717311">udf_memory_limit</strong> to control the physical memory used by Fenced UDF Worker processes. You are not advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b65601722173220">FencedUDFMemoryLimit</strong>, especially when Java UDFs are used. If you are clear about the impact of this parameter, set it based on the following information:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__ul319312551320"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li1532915220131">After a C Fenced UDF Worker process is started, it will occupy about 200 MB virtual memory, and about 16 MB physical memory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li19350152281314">After a Java Fenced UDF Worker process is started, it will occupy about 2.5 GB virtual memory, and about 50 MB physical memory.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section61752311427"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exception Handling</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1865165117212">If there is an exception in a JVM, PL/Java will export JVM stack information during the exception to a client.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section1349616571294"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Logging</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p83305591590">PL/Java uses the standard Java Logger. Therefore, you can record logs as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen14235171310502">Logger.getAnonymousLogger().config( "Time is " + new 
+Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p42268122103">An initialized Java Logger class is set to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1068619283281">CONFIG</strong> level by default, corresponding to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b865993452820">LOG</strong> level in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text254009958">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. In this case, log messages generated by Java Logger are all redirected to the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text236565644">GaussDB(DWS)</span> backend. Then, the log messages are written into server logs or displayed on the user interface. MPPDB server logs record information at the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b534234319319">LOG</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b4640144453111">WARNING</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b36875467317">ERROR</strong> levels. The SQL user interface displays logs at the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1347413343214">WARNING</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1234995183213">ERROR</strong> levels. The following table lists mapping between Java Logger levels and <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text2065008186">GaussDB(DWS)</span> log levels.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__table11174544161020" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>PL/Java log levels</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row51752044111020"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p6828651131016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b482818513107">java.util.logging.Level</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1482814513102"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b8302140145310"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text129870107">GaussDB(DWS)</span></strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1016054916542">Log Level</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row10175444121019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p2082810515100"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b6828185141012">SERVER</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p582835161014">ERROR</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row81754442109"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p13828351131019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b198288512108">WARINING</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1482885119107">WARNING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row1917512443102"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1782895151016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b9828251111014">CONFIG</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p282885121016">LOG</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row617544410102"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1282825112107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b582812511103">INFO</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p182865116108">INFO</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row18175184481016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p13829951151015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b98293512104">FINE</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p198291751151010">DEBUG1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row131753443103"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p14829205117109"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b198291351121012">FINER</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p182965112101">DEBUG2</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__row8175194411102"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1829195141016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b20829125161011">FINEST</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1682995141011">DEBUG3</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p1017619913113">You can change Java Logger levels. For example, if the Java Logger level is changed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1144735825716">SEVERE</strong> by the following Java code, log messages (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b10449135885719">msg</strong>) will not be recorded in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text276041905">GaussDB(DWS)</span> logs during <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b1645155845720">WARNING</strong> logging.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__screen210685274915">Logger log = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
+Log.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+log.log(Level.WARNING, msg);</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__section106351333166"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Security Issues</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p61702193167">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__text548702939">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, PL/Java is an untrusted language. Only user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__b453625016426">sysadmin</strong> can create PL/Java functions. The user can grant other users the permission for using the PL/Java functions. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__li19929482465">Authorize permissions for functions</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974510__p13170141910161">In addition, PL/Java controls user access to file systems, forbidding users from reading most system files, or writing, deleting, or executing any system files in Java methods.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0507.html">User-Defined Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0511.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0511.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..243eb8ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0511.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PL/pgSQL Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1551251593617"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p1232182075817">PL/pgSQL is similar to PL/SQL of Oracle. It is a loadable procedural language.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p173222055816">The functions created using PL/pgSQL can be used in any place where you can use built-in functions. For example, you can create calculation functions with complex conditions and use them to define operators or use them for index expressions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p357003312131">SQL is used by most databases as a query language. It is portable and easy to learn. Each SQL statement must be executed independently by a database server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p3570933191310">In this case, when a client application sends a query to the server, it must wait for it to be processed, receive and process the results, and then perform some calculation before sending more queries to the server. If the client and server are not on the same machine, all these operations will cause inter-process communication and increase network loads.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p357073316132">PL/pgSQL enables a whole computing part and a series of queries to be grouped inside a database server. This makes procedural language available and SQL easier to use. In addition, the client/server communication cost is reduced.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__ul14513341711"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__li945733151717">Extra round-trip communication between clients and servers is eliminated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__li1045153320179">Intermediate results that are not required by clients do not need to be sorted or transmitted between the clients and servers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__li128109561815">Parsing can be skipped in multiple rounds of queries.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p145706333139">PL/pgSQL can use all data types, operators, and functions in SQL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__p56941439152311">For details about the PL/pgSQL syntax for creating functions, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495033__b1011563094512">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>. As mentioned earlier, PL/pgSQL is similar to PL/SQL of Oracle and is a loadable procedural language. Its application method is similar to that of <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a>. There is only one difference. Stored procedures have no return values but the functions have.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0507.html">User-Defined Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0512.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0512.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de277013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0512.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134812"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134812"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stored Procedures</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0513.html">Stored Procedure</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0514.html">Data Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0515.html">Data Type Conversion</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0516.html">Arrays and Records</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0519.html">Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0523.html">Basic Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0527.html">Dynamic Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0542.html">Other Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0558.html">Debugging</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0513.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0513.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72f7998c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0513.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stored Procedure</h1>
+<div id="body1537424421364"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__p13351959162014">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__text1624881244">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, business rules and logics are saved as stored procedures.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__p183511159102015">A stored procedure is a combination of SQL, PL/SQL, and Java statements, enabling business rule code to be moved from applications to databases and used by multiple programs at a time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__p347915832119">For details about how to create and invoke a stored procedure, see section "CREATE PROCEDURE" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__i1062416491801">SQL Syntax</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815018__p19921112516585">The functions and stored procedures created by using PL/pgSQL in <a href="dws_04_0511.html">PL/pgSQL Functions</a> are applicable to all the following sections.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0514.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0514.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db98ab22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0514.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327__a69d0ebddd4e84a0ea6abc9db74e7114b">A data type refers to a value set and an operation set defined on the value set. A <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327__text927925735">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database consists of tables, each of which is defined by its own columns. Each column corresponds to a data type. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327__text1506853296">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses corresponding functions to perform operations on data based on data types. For example, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814327__text1136191645">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on data of numeric values.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0515.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0515.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e963282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0515.html
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Type Conversion</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__en-us_topic_0059778807_p423612312619">Certain data types in the database support implicit data type conversions, such as assignments and parameters invoked by functions. For other data types, you can use the type conversion functions provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__text1046434651">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, such as the CAST function, to forcibly convert them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__adc3833a6390c48569abf201edba6ffc6"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__t766dc94ed85840d28e897ff107682ca2">Table 1</a> lists common implicit data type conversions in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__text2055270629">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__n3267aa20d49f4244ad669d314024ba77"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a9f3f7ba3fc534e7580dc6fcfe0661112">The valid value range of DATE supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__text1284083209">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is from 4713 B.C. to 294276 A.D.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__t766dc94ed85840d28e897ff107682ca2"></a><a name="t766dc94ed85840d28e897ff107682ca2"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__t766dc94ed85840d28e897ff107682ca2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Implicit data type conversions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rc295bfaa71714e82becd078e9661dea5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a7f0ffd72eb244167ba839900983e99b6">Raw Data Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__aa3511ce3765d4f62ba0f504a9a47cfc8">Target Data Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ad9740e19353642be8c6516e1a6ff95cf">Remarks</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rf80a09cfa19444119f76577c8eefccd3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a8b17bfb76c5d47ac8e675ca7fb5c8f56">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a677b2f370bd04d75b9844a3f0a8f1f84">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a71a4db6b05c74055ba6143441457bfdc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rba6f94bd69e341bdbf75a968453b31bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__aa7137a3e45684731ba9ecc40ef50d61a">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a82cc26c250df4afba34340ed16601bb8">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a9418b3570b394e2182bc64cc92d514cc">Raw data must consist of digits.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rca9839af48064b2eaf8c396f3647073f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a332ffa64c7804b68af1ae97880ce7824">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ad76ab9cb20f1469d89aad6d8016e27ea">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a4e25a27a0f1f413ab95823e206bd8808">Raw data cannot exceed the valid date range.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r09551c523d6340dc892f66761b0fe248"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a7ff0920f28e448109f8eee058daaa413">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a5044f387df8a41a4afc874fba20d77bc">RAW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ae7b02ee1b9ed4b23a4093f312395eff8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r8948f286aa7748e0bec8756730155acb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__afb7d27d978ac4c9c81601e077cba5f39">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ac62c750c32f34c48bc4e4738acf221c0">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a6bd9340d4260489c81018ae40ef64532">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r421e0b9b2cae4929a269e87aba5f5746"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__af54a291dfc9a4feaab885016912b3df0">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a745ad078a4b84dbea11c836b24e69abc">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__aa4774af5f16342cea643e83e6b4cefe9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r25dff6f7dab34c5cb312a50f32ac4b1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a08b20867125c4f7f88ef14619905176a">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a81cb587b06d6408a9c20657c7c8130bc">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a2a38e2f238ca4e8ba8e3a8c1fc4ebe20">Raw data must consist of digits.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rd36f1a58eccd4a8385c27275c0fab16a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a49abca0daafd476a96d4dcbdb644175e">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a3c5fd323a62043de9849862985278642">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a6c974c5f6dce4e148a8006d373c74506">Raw data cannot exceed the valid date range.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r91e2894e75b24c869af57deb090ec991"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a6f48bdcda5d448e983ef3d2c1acce274">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a66759ef1bb214139b0ae55a5791a2f84">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a14fd7682348f48c880d1eaa0d03257b1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r524a370defe74b85a08b73002888b6cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__acd113b8f1b0b4dce938b6726afd910cc">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a96dd718715c6452a953f8038f3b7fe10">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a47daa1047ce14fa79e5d7449a4b7a390">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r8a209c50ca5f4b829ce583fe6155ce3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a731bc682eb854c7e8ae43a4b6b10cc12">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ac74358b8b0f642fab7254d68e79477c6">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__aa4198d278e2d4f968323995268f7b8d9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__rcf1edf884a634af0bcd65d30a7f72cac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a12b7faf02cca4a08a47df06a91e21555">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__acc0b07478aae4c83ab39849a42902f74">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a19a091fa12ce446fbe6f0d9d7280fee4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r007e75a01c2f4413ae6be0076f61cf34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a0f8beae9acff4f578d2a8b5b02fd918a">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a4a2fc730fb14408e9e8b8e662f209928">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a5bb6c410a03944a3a0c63d8aeea8ae53">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r1ed41106b3d54540b9e431564b909948"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a674e4c212c804277a69ebed3973992db">RAW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__afd0aa49ba8574ff184dce002a69f4e10">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a088aec42bd1c49fe8af2a975ee600e26">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r4f313aad4263408fa30ae20807087dd1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a688269d7b6974d96b3c191eb038b2ddc">RAW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a58d9c918b91847aea28c22983561313d">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a6a0612aa74b04187b957f6f7def36b0f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r46c394205e664f01afe98ea302eb7010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__adc77c05737ea42599b489f1942252b50">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__ad8a24de985564e05955360830e6d408e">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__accd00431e587401d90c0101b0ab774ae">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__re47a1400aa254f3fa343e13ce465aee4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a4b668eae587b47bd8b39b478085439d3">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a20db1558dcee4bc08218f73991cd000e">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__abd917cfb20554e59a60253042b42d92a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r8e098617e18e4266a99b42ea9cb5ca1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a2db9ac1c07d445ea8b8178d9197aac32">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a08a633ff024b43fe859321516920a10d">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a8c006104eb974324b24a3d7baa96c50c">Raw data must consist of digits.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__r06f01ba90822452fadb4fa9659d68fd8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a6f390775ced84b83ad966a58f0b99f94">INT4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.15678432156784%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__abe17401f9e6f4a2791cd310c3e992c86">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.68643135686431%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814742__a15273d73a86b4f70893007f990ce331f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0516.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0516.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974736"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974736"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Arrays and Records</h1>
+<div id="body1552286537416"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974736__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0517.html">Arrays</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0518.html">record</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0517.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0517.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0517.html
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Arrays</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__s4f2a661ba100495e9680efd6f7f06ecf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Use of Array Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__a3db47cb6b0254265809fb3d51644fabd">Before the use of arrays, an array type needs to be defined:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__ab483e5e794fa49dcb7eb6a47885e5a49">Define an array type immediately after the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__en-us_topic_0027042958_b18053254152735">AS</strong> keyword in a stored procedure. Run the following statement:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__s90274da8c1af4475984d9e081bc4317c">TYPE array_type IS VARRAY(size) OF data_type [NOT NULL];</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__afbef7d7c0876410697c89e26be2bc5e6">Its parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__u704b1aea093645379713952390d75e5c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__l6d762994a85e487eaf0a42679411e380"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__en-us_topic_0027042958_b2291843152735">array_type</strong>: indicates the name of the array type to be defined.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__l0106272e01a5467d9a09e1ef2a8106fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__en-us_topic_0027042958_b51421633152735">VARRAY</strong>: indicates the array type to be defined.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__l55b1a0e030ef42d99b6985a5e093385f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__en-us_topic_0027042958_b4402755152735">size</strong>: indicates the maximum number of members in the array type to be defined. The value is a positive integer.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__laa6651f038434329a2cf3ecfa9e8d5cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__en-us_topic_0027042958_b21078898152735">data_type</strong>: indicates the types of members in the array type to be created.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__li129536221294"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b11223929152014">NOT NULL</strong>: an optional constraint. It can be used to ensure that none of the elements in the array is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b170684112211">NULL</strong>.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__nfd5cc7a265b34e57a7bbc08f8d892991"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__u0d788093c09a4a289bcde752734041dc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__l3c541df8eeb749c5a44289390fa514d8">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__text1902038345">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, an array automatically increases. If an access violation occurs, a null value will be returned, and no error message will be reported. If out-of-bounds write occurs in an array, the message <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b141195612920">Subscript outside of limit</strong> is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__l404111d221a547e3bf1f9ac8e957dd8b">The scope of an array type defined in a stored procedure takes effect only in this storage process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__lff5a3df4a1ad4843a704b28f646c5285">It is recommended that you use one of the preceding methods to define an array type. If both methods are used to define the same array type, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__text829646971">GaussDB(DWS)</span> prefers the array type defined in a stored procedure to declare array variables.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__ae7b000d5271041e9a77e6133f0d3e5df">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__text1956132454">GaussDB(DWS)</span> 8.1.0 and earlier versions, the system does not verify the length of array elements and out-of-bounds write because the array can automatically increase. This version adds related constraints to be compatible with Oracle databases. If out-of-bounds write exists, you can configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b163617191411">varray_verification</strong> in the parameter <a href="dws_04_0945.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section1980124735516">behavior_compat_options</a> to be compatible with previously unverified operations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p112876212139">Example:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__secad9c67204f445f94631833da975a1b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Declare an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_proc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ARRAY_INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">--Define the array type.</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ARRAY_INTEGER_NOT_NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- Defines non-null array types.</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ARRAY_INTEGER</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ARRAY_INTEGER</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">--Declare the variable of the array type. </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">I</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRINT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">last</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_proc</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_proc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section34111435113"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Declaration and Use of Rowtype Arrays</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p441194155112">In addition to the declaration and use of common arrays and non-null arrays in the preceding example, the array also supports the declaration and use of rowtype arrays.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p17218111381320">Example:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen84212435111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the COUNT function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_proc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">rowtype</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Defines the array of the rowtype type. tbl indicates any table.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">tbl_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">rowtype</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array_type</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_item</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WHILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tbl_array(inx1).a='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' tbl_array(inx1).b='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">PRIOR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p16416133115130">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen482114271748"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_proc</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inx1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section8502187153414"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Array Related Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p642520503349"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__text1141269171">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports Oracle-related array functions. You can use the following functions to obtain array attributes or perform operations on the array content.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section495153064516"><h4 class="sectiontitle">COUNT</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p3505185224611">Returns the number of elements in the current array. Only the initialized elements or the elements extended by the EXTEND function are counted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p82871749154515">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1570910549463"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i078194019431">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b2799144319435">.COUNT</strong> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i1936164716436">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b859955816431">.COUNT()</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p4625152612238">Example:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen132261030105311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the COUNT function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1272084042313">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen101426275811"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section18169511111"><h4 class="sectiontitle">FIRST and LAST</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p15406203018118">The FIRST function can return the subscript of the first element. The LAST function can return the subscript of the last element.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p65841514181518">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p79210243159"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i95211937204610">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b103762414465">.FIRST</strong> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i483212441466">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b579374794616">.FIRST()</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p21473881812"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i18648102134713">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b10969205994612">.LAST</strong> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i17368155516464">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b1791235213469">.LAST()</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p121621469244">Example:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen1950719324169"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the FIRST and LAST functions on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.first='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">first</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.last='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">last</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p424205712414">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen155071232161616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">first</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">last</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section564483662320"><h4 class="sectiontitle">EXTEND</h4><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__note159401152103711"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1494016521375">The EXTEND function is used to be compatible with two Oracle database operations. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__text1582489220">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, an array automatically grows, and the EXTEND function is not necessary. For a newly written stored procedure, you do not need to use the EXTEND function.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p164453612237">The EXTEND function can extend arrays. The EXTEND function can be invoked in either of the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__ul4551174655220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__li5551114614529">Method 1:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p48611730172613"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__li5551114614529"></a><a name="li5551114614529"></a>EXTEND contains an integer input parameter, indicating that the array size is extended by the specified length. After executing the EXTEND function, the values of the COUNT and LAST functions change accordingly.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p9645123612233">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1764517364235"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i764573618236">varray</em>.EXTEND(size)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p5878195414254">By default, one bit is added to the end of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i108911349551">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b350163855514">.EXTEND</strong>, which is equivalent to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i1445874525518">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b82268490553">.EXTEND(1)</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__li53179816534">Method 2:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p853113101291"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__li53179816534"></a><a name="li53179816534"></a>EXTEND contains two integer input parameters. The first parameter indicates the length of the extended size. The second parameter indicates that the value of the extended array element is the same as that of the element with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b1860320264415">index</strong> subscript.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p167568919319">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1974111453117"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i196011914314">varray</em>.EXTEND(size, index)</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p12837319152520">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen56451236192320"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the EXTEND function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray(7)='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray(8)='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p16993113217258">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen66451436192312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section116587105511"><h4 class="sectiontitle">NEXT and PRIOR</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p05857247569">The NEXT and PRIOR functions are used for cyclic array traversal. The NEXT function returns the subscript of the next array element based on the input parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b287514361159">index</strong>. If the subscript reaches the maximum value, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b18277156753">NULL</strong> is returned. The PRIOR function returns the subscript of the previous array element based on the input parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b1378917164611">index</strong>. If the minimum value of the array subscript is reached, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b158681725366">NULL</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1665811102512">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p46581410205118"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i12658810165114">varray</em>.NEXT(index)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p11658111013512"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i465820106513">varray</em>.PRIOR(index)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p9926116202618">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen196581610145112"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the NEXT and PRIOR functions on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WHILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'test prior v_varray('</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">')='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">PRIOR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WHILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'test next v_varray('</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">')='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1454172332615">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen0658151011518"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">prior</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">prior</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">prior</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section03027411597"><h4 class="sectiontitle">EXISTS</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p4302134119912">Determines whether an array subscript exists.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p2302114114913">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1930284120916"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i530324118914">varray</em>.EXISTS(index)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p09018432714">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen1630317411092"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the EXISTS function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.EXISTS(1)'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'NOT v_varray.EXISTS(10)'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p4856249271">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen23031941494"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section8303174118914"><h4 class="sectiontitle">TRIM</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p0112201601814">Deletes a specified number of elements from the end of an array.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1511913167183">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p13322181218195"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i1323412141912">varray</em>.TRIM(size)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p14323151261913"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i636214180911">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b18100821493">.TRIM</strong> is equivalent to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i9198936895">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b175510390914">.TRIM(1)</strong>, because the default input parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b2077417016103">1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1820819508279">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen1119416161810"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the TRIM function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count:'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p715161010289">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen4747192416183"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section157421887244"><h4 class="sectiontitle">DELETE</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1174218814247">Deletes all elements from an array.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p374213819240">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1374218810244"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i0589103461010">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b3940153619107">.DELETE</strong> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i8445204010102">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b7204438109">.DELETE()</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1485314242917">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen15489111282912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the DELETE function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.count:'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p860115209297">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen1174313812412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__section1890715682711"><h4 class="sectiontitle">LIMIT</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p12907269273">Returns the allowed maximum length of an array.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p890719618273">Use:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p0907156152717"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i64931393116">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b6581124271112">.LIMIT</strong> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__i2895546161115">varray</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__b1038914910116">.LIMIT()</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p1683454482915">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen590717662715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use the LIMIT function on an array in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varray_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'v_varray.limit:'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__p14351105712918">The execution output is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814349__screen1790811612277"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_varray</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_varray</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0516.html">Arrays and Records</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0518.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0518.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">record</h1>
+<div id="body1552286443844"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__section16992418680"><h4 class="sectiontitle">record Variables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__p1686449141110">Perform the following operations to create a record variable:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__p29131230104911">Define a record type and use this type to declare a variable.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__section7403195020496"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__p02851429115018">For the syntax of the record type, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__fig092918316312">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__fig092918316312"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__fig092918316312"></a><a name="fig092918316312"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Syntax of the record type</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__image11930193118315" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135218.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__ae84948cfc96c4abd97e9a16c03fc31d3">The syntax is described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__ufacaf3fe4514411e90508e200cf51505"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__lce7016558f084a968a2ba9c678533d8f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b65021821421">record_type</strong>: record name</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li259014378482"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b1560719112021">field</strong>: record columns</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li1071911619493"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b1246413442217">datatype</strong>: record data type</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li10922154174920"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b73569582219">expression</strong>: expression for setting a default value</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__nfd5cc7a265b34e57a7bbc08f8d892991"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__p20519161694317">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__text196460242">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__u0d788093c09a4a289bcde752734041dc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li4652112044312">When assigning values to record variables, you can:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__ul827611316517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li12276121318519">Declare a record type and define member variables of this type when you declare a function or stored procedure.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li6951131812513">Assign the value of a record variable to another record variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li182761113115117">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b517511563119">SELECT INTO</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b1675316421213">FETCH</strong> to assign values to a record type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li7276111345112">Assign the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b85374115124">NULL</strong> value to a record variable.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__l404111d221a547e3bf1f9ac8e957dd8b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b1717016171155">INSERT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__b443942010154">UPDATE</strong> statements cannot use a record variable to insert or update data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__li1634204243613">Just like a variable, a record column of the compound type does not have a default value in the declaration.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__sf8c40d63bf184b2281b89aea22e82eb6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814771__secad9c67204f445f94631833da975a1b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span>
+<span class="normal">53</span>
+<span class="normal">54</span>
+<span class="normal">55</span>
+<span class="normal">56</span>
+<span class="normal">57</span>
+<span class="normal">58</span>
+<span class="normal">59</span>
+<span class="normal">60</span>
+<span class="normal">61</span>
+<span class="normal">62</span>
+<span class="normal">63</span>
+<span class="normal">64</span>
+<span class="normal">65</span>
+<span class="normal">66</span>
+<span class="normal">67</span>
+<span class="normal">68</span>
+<span class="normal">69</span>
+<span class="normal">70</span>
+<span class="normal">71</span>
+<span class="normal">72</span>
+<span class="normal">73</span>
+<span class="normal">74</span>
+<span class="normal">75</span>
+<span class="normal">76</span>
+<span class="normal">77</span>
+<span class="normal">78</span>
+<span class="normal">79</span>
+<span class="normal">80</span>
+<span class="normal">81</span>
+<span class="normal">82</span>
+<span class="normal">83</span>
+<span class="normal">84</span>
+<span class="normal">85</span>
+<span class="normal">86</span>
+<span class="normal">87</span>
+<span class="normal">88</span>
+<span class="normal">89</span>
+<span class="normal">90</span>
+<span class="normal">91</span>
+<span class="normal">92</span>
+<span class="normal">93</span>
+<span class="normal">94</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">following</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stored</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">defined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">follows</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">mgr</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">without</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sal</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">comm</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">middle</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sal</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">\</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">Table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;public.emp_rec&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Column</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">Type</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Modifiers</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------+--------------------------------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mgr</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">without</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sal</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">comm</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Perform array operations in the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regress_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p_w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">-- Declare a record type.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">-- Use %type to declare the record type.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">-- Declare a record type with a default value.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SCOTT'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rec_type2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Assign a value to a member record variable.</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'WARD'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer name: % , epno:%'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Assign the value of a record variable to another variable.</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer1 name: % , epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Assign the NULL value to a record variable.</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer1 name: % , epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Obtain the default value of a record variable.</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer2 name: % ,epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Use a record variable in the FOR loop.</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer name: % , epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Use a record variable in the SELECT INTO statement.</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_rec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer name: % , epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1">-- Use a record variable in a cursor.</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'employer name: % , epno: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regress_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employer1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employer2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">epno</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regress_record</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0516.html">Arrays and Records</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134832"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134832"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Syntax</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0520.html">Basic Structure</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0521.html">Anonymous Block</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0522.html">Subprogram</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0520.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0520.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af7d77c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0520.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Basic Structure</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__s2043f4ccca7b4cd9baa561e1eb5264ce"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Structure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a30eb8f1e079742d28c2f88e5f31eb893">A PL/SQL block can contain a sub-block which can be placed in any section. The following describes the architecture of a PL/SQL block:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__ub4a8bec09e9546d998db00732fe4f15c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__lc329dcb04c4a4f2d8c947c1459ea095d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b842352706115848">DECLARE</strong>: declares variables, types, cursors, and regional stored procedures and functions used in the PL/SQL block.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__s4dfc68ef92aa4589a0737e5595aea3cc">DECLARE</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__nde3e75179edc4a898ca0b89e5a94d372"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a6efa2635e9134da9b9acbeadcaaceff8">This part is optional if no variable needs to be declared.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__u8d7997e1502c4d0cbc6fb32bea7344bc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__l89e5baa9c2454c0db3908be555e207d3">An anonymous block may omit the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a42e105897a3d454385e5f058ac06a8dc">DECLARE</strong> keyword if no variable needs to be declared.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__l1abf5f3c5bdb4c34bc0dd2861dc86331">For a stored procedure, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a324700f3558e46968c942a709e60b90b">AS</strong> is used, which is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a029a25c2d507469dae4f7f98e90bca33">DECLARE</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a17c1750dc7904f7d9a27fbc432b1292e">AS</strong> keyword must be reserved even if there is no variable declaration part.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__l8563d8b280424efd948d99e3f0f3f93c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b842352706115912">EXECUTION</strong>: specifies procedure and SQL statements. It is the main part of a program. Mandatory<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__s0a43446cdfa94a0aa764fcdcda1b3351">BEGIN</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__lec9aaefe621244f2a6821d09413a7d38"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b84235270611591">EXCEPTION</strong>: processes errors. Optional<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__sdacce2b6f4734d26ac37ad6b77bd8991">EXCEPTION</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__lab3b3baea0f8480793f1311a115113c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b842352706115929">END</strong><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__se1215a7630664713a0709a9bbc12cd0a">END;
+/</pre>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__nd58559d6b0e8487881d35fc43f6629fa"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a967bc44073a74b13b18bc7c564dd149b">You are not allowed to use consecutive tabs in the PL/SQL block, because they may result in an exception when the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b8167145482619">-r</strong> is executed using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__b716865492619">gsql</strong> tool.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__s483fd7e0e07742ca8befe5d3ce2a660f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__a73ec285a716149d586752079572297f1">PL/SQL blocks are classified into the following types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__u091dcfac86844c32aa23c187b9115b76"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__lb07395f09693447889e7d1ad77a8412a">Anonymous block: a dynamic block that can be executed only for once. For details about the syntax, see <a href="dws_04_0521.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__f0d3f58494e2241b8867d81e8cc747d36">Figure 1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814387__l314411685d8243cfab32d5e8180126e5">Subprogram: a stored procedure, function, operator, or packages stored in a database. A subprogram created in a database can be called by other programs.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0519.html">Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0521.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0521.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9157fa42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0521.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Anonymous Block</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__en-us_topic_0059779171_p18545856864">An anonymous block applies to a script infrequently executed or a one-off activity. An anonymous block is executed in a session and is not stored.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__s2939a2342afb45b490ed791848145411"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__ac69a906a2a46457e952c4cf15bc26cfb"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__f0d3f58494e2241b8867d81e8cc747d36">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagrams for an anonymous block.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__f0d3f58494e2241b8867d81e8cc747d36"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__f0d3f58494e2241b8867d81e8cc747d36"></a><a name="f0d3f58494e2241b8867d81e8cc747d36"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>anonymous_block::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__i9d8035ec19ba4dd2a732886f05d67e05" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495161.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__a552a4b2ca6d34c498ef6ab5a5cdb1847">Details about the syntax diagram are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__u6a9d0ffcb45b4def8bf195c9a5759fc9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__l25a0e983f944407e8af9232ba659273a">The execute part of an anonymous block starts with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__aad8ad937ac334803831f31a994a1bd68">BEGIN</strong> statement, has a break with an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__ac14f05dafc54476b9c38eaaaf45e45e4">END</strong> statement, and ends with a semicolon (;). Type a slash (/) and press <strong>Enter</strong> to execute the statement.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__n4e902d3a3e1045c789bf0cccb70a04b4"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__aa168c7ae81de475295c702d3e513f522">The terminator "/" must be written in an independent row.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__l56c5ce33f076477a9da0fc8e267a894e">The declaration section includes the variable definition, type, and cursor definition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__l2c7370984b7049369a0e75b8469d5aeb">A simplest anonymous block does not execute any commands. At least one statement, even a null statement, must be presented in any implementation blocks.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__se35cf37b5d4649038c58259efbc2ac99"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__abbc53254a8fb4726b9b0bfc8d7da7d78">The following lists basic anonymous block programs:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494671__s10f2f954b6da4176858f7ef418682fde"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Null statement block:</span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Print information to the console:</span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world!'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Print variable contents to the console:</span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">my_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">my_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">my_var</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0519.html">Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0522.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0522.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d18f0ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0522.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655000"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655000"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Subprogram</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655000__en-us_topic_0059778683_p11566143372">A subprogram stores stored procedures, functions, operators, and advanced packages. A subprogram created in a database can be called by other programs.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0519.html">Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0523.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0523.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1b6acff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0523.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814631"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814631"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Basic Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0524.html">Variable Definition Statement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0525.html">Assignment Statement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0526.html">Call Statement</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0524.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0524.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a26c69d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0524.html
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Variable Definition Statement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a6f427c9b6b7641f1b078da7186403f00">This section describes the declaration of variables in the PL/SQL and the scope of this variable in codes.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__s7f9123efed264100b0ec2df42a27a7f4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Variable Declaration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a32de3764a1c04f93945827d900a79268">For details about the variable declaration syntax, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a">Figure 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"></a><a name="f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>declare_variable::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__i553b3276e2954d24a3ce6beca3629ae0" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495253.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__ae84948cfc96c4abd97e9a16c03fc31d3">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__ufacaf3fe4514411e90508e200cf51505"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__l6947add8536d45aa8dbae54d8a65bc0a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__en-us_topic_0027042946_b19965232154744_1">variable_name</strong> indicates the name of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__l2898e39e7e05422a9638d1b476243a70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__en-us_topic_0027042946_b19965232154744_5">type</strong> indicates the type of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__lce7016558f084a968a2ba9c678533d8f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__en-us_topic_0027042946_b6086428151213">value</strong> indicates the initial value of the variable. (If the initial value is not given, NULL is taken as the initial value.) <strong>value</strong> can also be an expression.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a47ed789d45a8439eba3954b8006ff565">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__s3972a9231e3c4418966c6503213d11c7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">7784</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Assign a value to the variable.</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__p56696256452">In addition to the declaration of basic variable types, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b583215524817">%TYPE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b168338514484">%ROWTYPE</strong> can be used to declare variables related to table columns or table structures.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__section940916615495"><h4 class="sectiontitle">%TYPE Attribute</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__p166641228154919">%TYPE declares a variable to be of the same data type as a previously declared variable (for example, a column in a table). For example, if you want to define a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b13493124041211">my_name</strong> variable whose data type is the same as the data type of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b185321011141318">firstname</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b183461227130">employee</strong> table, you can define the variable as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__screen3617174611418">my_name employee.firstname%TYPE</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__p931205175618">In this way, you can declare <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b1715755720181">my_name</strong> without the need of knowing the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b11570465163">firstname</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b156961254121620">employee</strong>, and the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b537613412187">my_name</strong> can be automatically updated when the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b1743122812180">firstname</strong> changes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__section29981133125818"><h4 class="sectiontitle">%ROWTYPE Attribute</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__p1777215718594">%ROWTYPE declares data types of a set of data. It stores a row of table data or results fetched from a cursor. For example, if you want to define a set of data with the same column names and column data types as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__b17565152113283">employee</strong> table, you can define the data as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__screen15104128204217">my_employee employee%ROWTYPE</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__n24f4c41ebd164e7a983b708e1e5fb2e0"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a677c52d3b44c4c49a5f41edd9993caa9">If multiple CNs are used, the %ROWTYPE and %TYPE attributes of temporary tables cannot be declared in a stored procedure, because a temporary table is valid only in the current session and is invisible to other CNs in the compilation phase. In this case, a message is displayed indicating that the temporary table does not exist.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__s89e5f9791fb3457aba42dd7d58bff960"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scope of a Variable</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a5b2baf69095e4ec585dec0d036df830a">The scope of a variable indicates the accessibility and availability of a variable in code block. In other words, a variable takes effect only within its scope.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__u87369c94e5fa40d3a5a61cc325e82b69"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__lef3a8f1114d44008af46a9831bb53673">To define a function scope, a variable must declare and create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__en-us_topic_0027042946_b43204334143452">BEGIN-END</strong> block in the declaration section. The necessity of such declaration is also determined by block structure, which requires that a variable has different scopes and lifetime during a process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__le6e5ddfa147b4932b6ce4b845a4a69a3">A variable can be defined multiple times in different scopes, and inner definition can cover outer one.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__lc05cb40ad4d4484f82fd6415518ddc31">A variable defined in an outer block can also be used in a nested block. However, the outer block cannot access variables in the nested block.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__a394ce2b1018c44a1885b6942c5e8de78">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655178__s9f10997b0e1d402d8e68d9f414cec621"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">outer_var</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6688</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7799</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">inner_var</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6688</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'inner emp_id ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Display the value as 7799.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'outer_var ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">outer_var</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Cite variables of an outer block.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'outer emp_id ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Display the value as 7788.</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0523.html">Basic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0525.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0525.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Assignment Statement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__s4e2431d4fc014a03af58967c5fa490bc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__a0bf4b71ef6384f08bc1b3ef7e226a4fa"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__f62f6427de47d451aad5b1d15cc4af96a">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram for assigning a value to a variable.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__f62f6427de47d451aad5b1d15cc4af96a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__f62f6427de47d451aad5b1d15cc4af96a"></a><a name="f62f6427de47d451aad5b1d15cc4af96a"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>assignment_value::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__i1a8b25350136479999f0ee353cefa329" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814991.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__a10cd321ee835416f8ab222d1dead3dbb">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__u7d56ef525ddf4c81b75f582c9f610e1a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__l5585996b385b4c008f034f40fe90bf64"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__a90ac648974fa45858f234f3a160ac1cf">variable_name</strong> indicates the name of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__la0fb80a2775044f9b532f9ffa88f1013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__ae7663eed71b8431780798d6f86b72ea6">value</strong> can be a value or an expression. The type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__a4c0a5e39feaa4c42a45fcb8ffcceaf76">value</strong> must be compatible with the type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__a0d69fa6bc7fa4a3b9d111a3b29c783e9">variable_name</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__s4ed205e68e2a469280e827485d17987f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894577__s9c536e2ac334468681b72baeff697f5d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Assignment</span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Assignment</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">7784</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0523.html">Basic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0526.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0526.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0526.html
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Call Statement</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__sbcdcd24ff68041bfa5f94e44befb3a58"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__a6a91b3a2e1c44f1aac62061fc98117f8"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram for calling a clause.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"></a><a name="f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>call_clause::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__icbcfb303148a424bb96a82b2ac42b673" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695131.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__a13ab19fe6525436db4a5bc3fc35527ba">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__u9e21cd14da5645ebaa77c22872f68a20"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__l293a3ddd6e2844f295345268ee1b8710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__en-us_topic_0058965709_en-us_topic_0027042943_b56592003154924">procedure_name</strong> specifies the name of a stored procedure.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__l1d1d9f830a3b4f93b3bf179c112e092e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__en-us_topic_0027042943_b20549512154924">parameter</strong> specifies the parameters for the stored procedure. You can set no parameter or multiple parameters.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__s3e35848e32c043d38d6c68dcd10f704c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__s3e35848e32c043d38d6c68dcd10f704c"></a><a name="s3e35848e32c043d38d6c68dcd10f704c"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__s2b5fc2839e354bc395af945d3c84e693"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create the stored procedure proc_staffs:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_staffs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">section</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">salary_sum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">staffs_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary_sum</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create the stored procedure proc_return:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">proc_staffs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">--Invoke a statement</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">--Return a statement</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke a stored procedure proc_return:</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete a stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_staffs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Create the function func_return.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">void</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">--Return a statement</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the function func_return.</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the function:</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0523.html">Basic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0527.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0527.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814475"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814475"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Dynamic Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0528.html">Executing Dynamic Query Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0529.html">Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0530.html">Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0531.html">Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0528.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0528.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa82c81e
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@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Executing Dynamic Query Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__en-us_topic_0059778916_p17789840677">You can perform dynamic queries using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612448"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__ph209647255444">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</span></strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612451"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__ph740213217442">OPEN FOR</span></strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__text831262245">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612551">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</strong> dynamically executes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__en-us_topic_0027042979_b38065422155340">SELECT</strong> statements and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b6143344161820">OPEN FOR</strong> combines use of cursors. If you need to store query results in a data set, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__en-us_topic_0027042979_b7044485155340">OPEN FOR</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__sdff23348e55940c7a6d0e544265f38bf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__a3e96fe10bc45472998ed44be97e69358"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f5bdde6e248a14512a954fb2a0389a90c">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f5bdde6e248a14512a954fb2a0389a90c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f5bdde6e248a14512a954fb2a0389a90c"></a><a name="f5bdde6e248a14512a954fb2a0389a90c"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamic_select_clause::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__ie52ac0e420a3476ab9491fc0dd1556eb" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695071.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__a24aeaf52d6864032b6bdd82135a70113"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__fca15d616a3114294949e5b8ed8367c56">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__en-us_topic_0085031787_b29093665165312">using_clause</strong>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__fca15d616a3114294949e5b8ed8367c56"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__fca15d616a3114294949e5b8ed8367c56"></a><a name="fca15d616a3114294949e5b8ed8367c56"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>using_clause-1</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i794dd08f18ac499fbf6ee34b88bbc91d" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975134.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__a80111c55669846b18ce67f196c170d0e">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__u15cfcf82dbb5451c8918cd16e6222223"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l15d80b6647464581b4c12bf7e7c80916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b51007311501">define_variable</strong>: specifies variables to store single-line query results.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l28580e1e1e60486dbbc9a79d5691c14b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b161881321602">USING IN bind_argument</strong>: specifies where the variable passed to the dynamic SQL value is stored, that is, in the dynamic placeholder of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b1418943218015">dynamic_select_string</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l3544b0e575194d258950e86158521648"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b13480163515815">USING OUT bind_argument</strong>: specifies where the dynamic SQL returns the value of the variable.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__nf8783ee836bd474aa716169cda6dd94f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__ul563015685911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__li163096145914">In query statements, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b171921249161517">INTO</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b13798115301511">OUT</strong> cannot coexist.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__li493313910593">A placeholder name starts with a colon (:) followed by digits, characters, or strings, corresponding to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i1959955515171">bind_argument</em> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b14473386185">USING</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__li35455151504"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i4971556182118">bind_argument</em> can only be a value, variable, or expression. It cannot be a database object such as a table name, column name, and data type. That is, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i1799456102118">bind_argument</em> cannot be used to transfer schema objects for dynamic SQL statements. If a stored procedure needs to transfer database objects through <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i15990358202118">bind_argument</em> to construct dynamic SQL statements (generally, DDL statements), you are advised to use double vertical bars (||) to concatenate <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i499205818219">dynamic_select_clause</em> with a database object.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__li175714131915">A dynamic PL/SQL block allows duplicate placeholders. That is, a placeholder can correspond to only one <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i15882133572118">bind_argument</em> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b1983415485212">USING</strong> clause.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__afe7fdeecfdde489eb3981d2c5dd96d46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b104513261220">Example</strong></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__s5b2940101ab5464a8809349b84864c8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--Retrieve values from dynamic statements (INTO clause).</span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">staff_count</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select count(*) from staffs'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_count</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">staff_count</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Pass and retrieve values (the INTO clause is used before the USING clause).</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select first_name, salary from staffs where staff_id = :1'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__s9abc54c16f934a6c8ba64b6671c7ad98"><h4 class="sectiontitle">OPEN FOR</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__aa3046a97cb0943409efadaa8133dc904">Dynamic query statements can be executed by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__en-us_topic_0085031787_en-us_topic_0027042979_b50359127155628">OPEN FOR</strong> to open dynamic cursors.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__a15069dc7e30042bd986aa8db581c5f19">For details about the syntax, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f6e232247a15f4a7d816e4748bab655ec">Figure 3</a>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f6e232247a15f4a7d816e4748bab655ec"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__f6e232247a15f4a7d816e4748bab655ec"></a><a name="f6e232247a15f4a7d816e4748bab655ec"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>open_for::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i67fede1334e144e8b81eb05fe970c2d8" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814997.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__a9be9174bb8d54761ab8c23db25efc5a5">Parameter description:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__u8db47b89f7b74b3999176eee16199acf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l5fb71cb4fb284a7faf56c54489991eea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612635">cursor_name</strong>: specifies the name of the cursor to be opened.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l7c13584ac6ad4f9f9e7899b3be678bff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612637">dynamic_string</strong>: specifies the dynamic query statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__l52c5a102abb245718b66b0884854df8e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b84235270612650">USING </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__i84235269712648">value</em>: applies when a placeholder exists in dynamic_string.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__aae59af030be0495aa1baf72a765fd34d">For use of cursors, see <a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__aedf59796ddbc48d59b08101575ab2f15"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__b5629234318">Example</strong></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894633__s64347314afec4392b8a659f3fe4bf02d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">phone_number</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sqlstr</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_ref_cur_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define the cursor type.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_ref_cur_type</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define the cursor variable.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">sqlstr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select first_name,phone_number,salary from staffs</span>
+<span class="s1">         where section_id = :1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sqlstr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'30'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Open the cursor. using is optional.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">phone_number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Retrieve the data.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WHILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">FOUND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">phone_number</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">phone_number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_cur</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Close the cursor.</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0527.html">Dynamic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Executing Dynamic Non-query Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__s595541c5fdae4869b8fcb8072332e816"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__ae17cf4c0448b435fa6d9c39db97eca30"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__ff22be8f7560147fb8e4d56af6224d63c">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__ff22be8f7560147fb8e4d56af6224d63c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__ff22be8f7560147fb8e4d56af6224d63c"></a><a name="ff22be8f7560147fb8e4d56af6224d63c"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>noselect::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i19189125c0e6428ebf196b235013032e" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695187.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__a216cffc1d2f84a5d98c1face9b06309e"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__f0f94a40afad6436aa7bdec9de6505226">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__b29093665165312">using_clause</strong>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__f0f94a40afad6436aa7bdec9de6505226"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__f0f94a40afad6436aa7bdec9de6505226"></a><a name="f0f94a40afad6436aa7bdec9de6505226"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>using_clause-2</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__ic7e8cb31910c4a71832a517b25c16842" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655436.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__a19f014cd391d40108263027d7d49544b">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__p73359492167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__b1125715319235">USING IN bind_argument</strong> is used to specify the variable that transfers values to dynamic SQL statements. It is used when a placeholder exists in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__b123908169264">dynamic_noselect_string</strong>. That is, a placeholder is replaced by the corresponding <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i129891310172718">bind_argument</em> when a dynamic SQL statement is executed. Note that <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i672354182715">bind_argument</em> can only be a value, variable, or expression, and cannot be a database object such as a table name, column name, and data type. If a stored procedure needs to transfer database objects through <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i1220321382512">bind_argument</em> to construct dynamic SQL statements (generally, DDL statements), you are advised to use double vertical bars (||) to concatenate <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i520451362511">dynamic_select_clause</em> with a database object. In addition, a dynamic PL/SQL block allows duplicate placeholders. That is, a placeholder can correspond to only one <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__i829074019280">bind_argument</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__s18647be897004d87bc8620a575d46ad4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975064__s992ba70b616c464f805de6eeaccf95e5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">manager_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">manager_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Declare a variable:</span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">280</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Info support'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">manager_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">103</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1400</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">new_colname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sec_name'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Execute the query:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'insert into sections_t1 values(:1, :2, :3, :4)'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Execute the query (duplicate placeholders):</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'insert into sections_t1 values(:1, :2, :3, :1)'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Run the ALTER statement. (You are advised to use double vertical bars (||) to concatenate the dynamic DDL statement with a database object.)</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'alter table sections_t1 rename section_name to '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_colname</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Query data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Delete the table.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0527.html">Dynamic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0530.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0530.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Dynamically Calling Stored Procedures</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__en-us_topic_0059778625_p81885420719">This section describes how to dynamically call store procedures. You must use anonymous statement blocks to package stored procedures or statement blocks and append <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__en-us_topic_0027042945_b630144016112">IN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a14410a605d65473c86355db2f38214b9">OUT</strong> behind the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__ac2e6ba05b5a44edf838c9dc125e895ef">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE...USING</strong> statement to input and output parameters.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__sa94d3ae53a7349b7ab6da46433e84562"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a988c8a7b0f2b426bb418724a855124a4"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__fd10dcc31d2a145cab7c077a74e08a456">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__fd10dcc31d2a145cab7c077a74e08a456"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__fd10dcc31d2a145cab7c077a74e08a456"></a><a name="fd10dcc31d2a145cab7c077a74e08a456"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>call_procedure::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__i8575f310304f41b28358abf15f9e5fa5" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815232.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a4ceb061ed5544e1ebb33fdfddc256ba4"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__f26eaef86e5e1488c92f4579266153d2f">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__b29093665165312">using_clause</strong>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__f26eaef86e5e1488c92f4579266153d2f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__f26eaef86e5e1488c92f4579266153d2f"></a><a name="f26eaef86e5e1488c92f4579266153d2f"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>using_clause-3</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__i990998edc42d491d803e3f963fcbfb51" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975228.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a829f22969559473198daf9c4740856af">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__u99aaabc7110c4fd686708deeb6e46da0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__l01cb1c412c2a4cafadda0d8c7f86cf16"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__en-us_topic_0027042945_b274569801625">CALL procedure_name</strong>: calls the stored procedure.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__l4d8a0362b1144450ad70df40305b222a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a8f23d0ae868f4c99930fc0671666c22e">[:placeholder1,:placeholder2,...]</strong>: specifies the placeholder list of the stored procedure parameters. The numbers of the placeholders and the parameters are the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__l7736e416ff9847da91d3f1d85d3e18ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__a8698de8f85154e2e9901417e55f1c93d">USING [IN|OUT|IN OUT]bind_argument</strong>: specifies where the variable passed to the stored procedure parameter value is stored. The modifiers in front of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__ab478573de86e41ad99483fd4dc40651e">bind_argument</strong> and of the corresponding parameter are the same.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__sb5be704bdc5b45ffb56e6e8031a9ce42"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655136__s76436f2b4ef04572bca491de0fef2641"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--Create the stored procedure proc_add:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_add</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param3</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">input2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">--Declare the call statement:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'call proc_add(:col_1, :col_2, :col_3)'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="c1">--Execute the statement:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'result is: '</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_add</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0527.html">Dynamic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0531.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0531.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Dynamically Calling Anonymous Blocks</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__af9218efba0e4428187a22009f6da34c0">This section describes how to execute anonymous blocks in dynamic statements. Append <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042973_b13442516421">IN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042973_b120983216421">OUT</strong> behind the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042973_b5240414419111">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE...USING</strong> statement to input and output parameters.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__s48c2d70a0c724643a12b25a085238c41"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__abaa716b3fc1849c8ac8b420395ffa74a"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__fa37441543aa3495d84b876c58afc0a2d">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__fa37441543aa3495d84b876c58afc0a2d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__fa37441543aa3495d84b876c58afc0a2d"></a><a name="fa37441543aa3495d84b876c58afc0a2d"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>call_anonymous_block::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__idd94d768eefe4fe28fa2f3673e323657" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815017.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__ade0b0856ac594518bbd3100e3c31f632"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__f1cfe980b10ab4ce88a9b967d374ec40e">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__b11447541103814">using_clause</strong>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__f1cfe980b10ab4ce88a9b967d374ec40e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__f1cfe980b10ab4ce88a9b967d374ec40e"></a><a name="f1cfe980b10ab4ce88a9b967d374ec40e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>using_clause-4</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__i0e6cf8a3f7c8471daab58a6f4b093503" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695089.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__a102b60b9a22845298e34b60269194fff">The above syntax diagram is explained as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__ua8ca45bb3bea460bb9e24c9c6c884bfc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__l102539bd7ddd43fda34e45c8e51e28d9">The execute part of an anonymous block starts with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042998_b62812577153841">BEGIN</strong> statement, has a break with an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042998_b54654009153841">END</strong> statement, and ends with a semicolon (;).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__l7f3c5ecc1fbd47daa9a97d15ff7490ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042973_b5724099116516">USING [IN|OUT|IN OUT]bind_argument</strong>: specifies where the variable passed to the stored procedure parameter value is stored. The modifiers in front of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0027042973_b4540687316516">bind_argument</strong> and of the corresponding parameter are the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__l8bab49278ab14236837ca00cd0f95626">The input and output parameters in the middle of an anonymous block are designated by placeholders. The numbers of the placeholders and the parameters are the same. The sequences of the parameters corresponding to the placeholders and the USING parameters are the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__la3e2b4b4890e44b5ad985a3f7a278dbe">Currently in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__text192897880">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, when dynamic statements call anonymous blocks, placeholders cannot be used to pass input and output parameters in an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__en-us_topic_0085033129_en-us_topic_0058965632_en-us_topic_0027042973_b1825282516516">EXCEPTION</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__sd80f532da61d4000ac9a2e0d0cf3dae2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814547__s96bd5d03d91c47b689b74a18136e6bcf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--Create the stored procedure dynamic_proc.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--Execute the anonymous block.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'begin select first_name, salary into :first_name, :salary from staffs where staff_id= :dno; end;'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dynamic_proc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0527.html">Dynamic Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0532.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0532.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c8dda19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0532.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814399"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814399"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Control Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0533.html">RETURN Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0536.html">Conditional Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0537.html">Loop Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0538.html">Branch Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0539.html">NULL Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0540.html">Error Trapping Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0541.html">GOTO Statements</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0533.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0533.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4d0eadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0533.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">RETURN Statements</h1>
+<div id="body1551251593617"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__en-us_topic_0059778916_p17789840677">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__text2099975401">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, data can be returned in either of the following ways: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__b1089911014308">RETURN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__b13001315203013">RETURN NEXT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__b39789188309">RETURN QUERY</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__b1432010278308">RETURN NEXT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974526__b1013931173015">RETURN QUERY</strong> are used only for functions and cannot be used for stored procedures.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0534.html">RETURN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0535.html">RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0534.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0534.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dccbdf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0534.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">RETURN</h1>
+<div id="body1551664498139"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__s9f39af94e32c427299a933830ab832de"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__aa6c1692d62dd444d86100e6daaafb73f"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__f9553b3c43a2c47528887a4e7fc685b0b">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram for a return statement.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__f9553b3c43a2c47528887a4e7fc685b0b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__f9553b3c43a2c47528887a4e7fc685b0b"></a><a name="f9553b3c43a2c47528887a4e7fc685b0b"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>return_clause::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__en-us_topic_0059778007_i6098922fb8744333a57a8a426c8f4128" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975174.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__a09f53c02492a45a7a3c63572e12ee56d">The syntax details are as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__acb9bda998f8c4b2796cc4b02c78d3514">This statement returns control from a stored procedure or function to a caller.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__section11628101012578"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814750__acd7574073b3b401b97303b99288468a3">See <a href="dws_04_0526.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654972__s3e35848e32c043d38d6c68dcd10f704c">Examples</a> for call statement examples.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0533.html">RETURN Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0535.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0535.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce5e4777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0535.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY</h1>
+<div id="body1551664498139"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__section66906369117"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p147761058526">When creating a function, specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b75417546556">SETOF datatype</strong> for the return values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p1319914613111">return_next_clause::=</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p1816318262217"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__image171001111131" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135202.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p19958105918415">return_query_clause::=</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p1146642616219"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__image43476718203" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975214.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p8901411957">The syntax details are as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p31481228512">If a function needs to return a result set, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b1146424375819">RETURN NEXT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b114451051165812">RETURN QUERY</strong> to add results to the result set, and then continue to execute the next statement of the function. As the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b85098309519">RETURN NEXT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b136613417518">RETURN QUERY</strong> statement is executed repeatedly, more and more results will be added to the result set. After the function is executed, all results are returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p25113522093"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b76319339818">RETURN NEXT</strong> can be used for scalar and compound data types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__p672761751010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b1384219565107">RETURN QUERY</strong> has a variant <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b88645112114">RETURN QUERY EXECUTE</strong>. You can add dynamic queries and add parameters to the queries by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__b17990143313139">USING</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__section663313751118"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134950__s5b2940101ab5464a8809349b84864c8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--RETURN NEXT</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_for_return_next</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETOF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">ROWTYPE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLPGSQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_for_return_next</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- RETURN QUERY</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_for_return_query</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETOF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">ROWTYPE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_for_return_next</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0533.html">RETURN Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Conditional Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ac45c4135268243c08ce800c4d0e7eb0d">Conditional statements are used to decide whether given conditions are met. Operations are executed based on the decisions made.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ae1e711a345f44a5fb6c6f303e329448a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__text1783115070">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports five usages of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0085031821_b1317913278295">IF</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__u1406b229a2d9430782541c38dd3fa584"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__l46c849e657984a1ca8caef9fa34397f4">IF_THEN<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__f592f1ceb35fb4eaca88759d2d5363ca0"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>IF_THEN::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ica7bffe2fe814773ac5ae3ed4365466c" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655422.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ad66a631b9965434189cb136a3ea2dd81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b1085570393612">IF_THEN</strong> is the simplest form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b14361111719327">IF</strong>. If the condition is true, statements are executed. If it is false, they are skipped.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ad31dc88e3938428d9a83e4a44fe843dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b97659305312">Example</strong></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__sa6a17e85952648e1af2f160bbc302d17"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">email</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_email</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_user_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__lfe9e61ba0211477e8ea06b51a3fb7341">IF_THEN_ELSE<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__fc614e0e7fbcd4c25ac25caa68e48369d"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>IF_THEN_ELSE::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__id51e74741e87474594dacc8ed44a5ac1" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695171.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a6edbfbcee0be4d94b06f46980627d89c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b4025251116845">IF-THEN-ELSE</strong> statements add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b2672828016845">ELSE</strong> branches and can be executed if the condition is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b826914034020">false</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a71ab9662ef54476d9cfb30192d653af5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b1787713343316">Example</strong></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__sf2060941db46430ea37821e036ae361c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parentid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parentid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hp_true_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parentid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Call the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ld2f39d322f384457a75377fbf20600ab">IF_THEN_ELSE IF<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a0ba629d7971842468ef0e985613f9de2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ld2f39d322f384457a75377fbf20600ab"></a><a name="ld2f39d322f384457a75377fbf20600ab"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b1093622016927">IF</strong> statements can be nested in the following way:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__s092a84a2d6dd49e9a09e768a9e0fc4e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'m'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">pretty_sex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'man'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'f'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pretty_sex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'woman'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a012b2c816aec4f77b8d2e5222bc1f291">Actually, this is a way of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b4319503116950">IF</strong> statement nesting in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b5321096016950">ELSE</strong> part of another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b913659316950">IF</strong> statement. Therefore, an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b1512047516950">END IF</strong> statement is required for each nesting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b186655116950">IF</strong> statement and another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b1679896716950">END IF</strong> statement to end the parent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__en-us_topic_0027042961_b1697297916950">IF-ELSE</strong> statement. To set multiple options, use the following form:</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__l74140d57219d47ac92bfa7f8d4435850">IF_THEN_ELSIF_ELSE<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__f29e71ff3977549f19ee1d4e36b223ec6"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>IF_THEN_ELSIF_ELSE::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__ia91f5458ed364ec3b6b92f4c642f4791" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895219.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a7caf98d7fb65418f88bb6fdf5fd32061"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b1938416401533">Example</strong></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__s1b59a1998bc543cdaec0ad89372728a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">number_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'zero'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ELSIF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">number_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'positive'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ELSIF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">number_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'negative'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'NULL'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__lf1253f48896e4f639d859ce123d8b72a">IF_THEN_ELSEIF_ELSE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__adccf03b8e5674e949eff4c0ca6899627"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__lf1253f48896e4f639d859ce123d8b72a"></a><a name="lf1253f48896e4f639d859ce123d8b72a"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b142671133913">ELSEIF</strong> is an alias of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b10538161303910">ELSIF</strong>.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__a54770c3cbbf7487c8cfc6128b0448632"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__b12885101393917">Example</strong><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815072__s184c5d14d15b4068b750dcfb406e7bd5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_control_structure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'i:% is greater than 0. '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">ELSIF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'i:% is smaller than 0. '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'i:% is equal to 0. '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_control_structure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_control_structure</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Loop Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__sadda8e7efbf34ee1a10c5dd3af718fce"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Simple LOOP Statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a3525de9d7f3c405c97951038f540e9ec">The syntax diagram is as follows.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__ff90b2ab5d230453fb6d2dae68ecb7fcf"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>loop::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__ie9f690aae03c41d3b0e30f57155475a4" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815025.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a9667ae0406774c9e9731900248472cb9">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s905cb6c481234f19b9f86bdfb3d39095"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'count is %. '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__n35602bad505b42b3ba77d07f1424224f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a08b1e2b209ad400995f8002fbfdde25b">The loop must be exploited together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b40186745161157">EXIT</strong>; otherwise, a dead loop occurs.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__se2621bc8d08f4f2bbf180e7ebffac4e9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">WHILE-LOOP Statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__ac08a1fc0fbde42ed98778d3728316975">The syntax diagram is as follows.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__f99d16036f9cf4e3aa67c9454ec2dbef7"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>while_loop::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__iaaac91f4ad2242f89c927f8ce08491fe" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895141.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a2c3829e83df74e73b5d819133be2ddf6">If the conditional expression is true, a series of statements in the WHILE statement are repeatedly executed and the condition is decided each time the loop body is executed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a162af3fde094429cb371b82304409833">Examples</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s9027d21fa3ef40aaab074757c3c2f56b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integertable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">WHILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integertable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke a function:</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure and table:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_while_loop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integertable</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s826ee9ba70614288bfc61be39d9a8f20"><h4 class="sectiontitle">FOR_LOOP (<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__i842352697193146">Integer variable</em>) <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__i842352697193148">Statement</em></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__af4818f82942c485596c35e8718f29280">The syntax diagram is as follows.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__f2607d9f7f5af426095b25078b1e22ce4"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>for_loop::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__ib07b8ad25fc842249fb56b0fb63abf1b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495175.png"></span></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__ncc392f0005ce42c49c9350e59b6c2236"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__u5e0cb239dfb64b0a9d242f0cb5794069"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__l20581fcac93946538ebd43af48d9fd5b">The variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b17429350161332">name</strong> is automatically defined as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b22646428161332">integer</strong> type and exists only in this loop. The variable name falls between lower_bound and upper_bound.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__l1f24666b085049f6a11d4dcd528e746a">When the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b11703434161328">REVERSE</strong> is used, the lower bound must be greater than or equal to the upper bound; otherwise, the loop body is not executed.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a8cb342afa389423ab1f10a64789d5cdb">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__sb07b19aafa5b4e0dbecc1e20aa20ffaf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Loop from 0 to 5:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">I</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'It is '</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' time;'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke a function:</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__saf277269cf9c4acd9bd2851fa3ea73d1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">FOR_LOOP Query Statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a4e3486992b454015bf3e2c968b645070">The syntax diagram is as follows.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__fed06857f0ee546a69c94aa80f535e195"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>for_loop_query::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__i7591996197cc4acfb65c135fafd3ec59" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135152.png"></span></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__na244e0829ba34a7888de9828f9b730aa"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a65180e89ebe64fd698df191ca96a45a1">The variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b1427648161424">target</strong> is automatically defined, its type is the same as that in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b12848834161424">query</strong> result, and it is valid only in this loop. The target value is the query result.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a8e87013cd384493b8e665e70a07a821f">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s270ecc654f01453eb3da9fc2e031b18a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Display the query result from the loop:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop_query</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spcname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_tablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke a function.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop_query</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_for_loop_query</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s83d2f597843a4fd699d84b060519603a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">FORALL Batch Query Statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a9c89999e3bae40e7af0a4bc86770edaa">The syntax diagram is as follows.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__f337ba40062a44c24b7b9891eb8bcb32a"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 5 </b>forall::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__i4806247bad034e55840501807a83f99b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655346.png"></span></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__nd6ba56c376014b6485316e325c17b260"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a65ed88f4a061443db28364f98ef3ea93">The variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b66353102161517">index</strong> is automatically defined as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__en-us_topic_0027042995_b60307010161517">integer</strong> type and exists only in this loop. The index value falls between low_bound and upper_bound.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__a2af7f4335cdf40d8b53ab8edd19b962a">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814477__s6147d40f73c14ff0825845b3b064a97e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">did</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">data_peroid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">kind</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">isModified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">did</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Donald'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'OConnell'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DOCONNEL'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'650.507.9833'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'21-06-1999'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dd-mm-yyyy'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SH_CLERK'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_forall</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke a function:</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_forall</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Query the invocation result of the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure and table:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_forall</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0538.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0538.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Branch Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__s481fdb491f4744bf8293e2cf9b6bd672"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__adc38e9e1030647ed9599878618b81ac5"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__f7a38f3a131b54724843604cf95de8f52">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__f7a38f3a131b54724843604cf95de8f52"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__f7a38f3a131b54724843604cf95de8f52"></a><a name="f7a38f3a131b54724843604cf95de8f52"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>case_when::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__i69c28c0a33734ee4b1b31c83c2fc575e" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975130.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__a7d56b1b926434297b00279dea8f22836"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__fe0b7a1ea0e1c4c5aacde81ace8d16cc0">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__b29093665165312">when_clause</strong>.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__fe0b7a1ea0e1c4c5aacde81ace8d16cc0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__fe0b7a1ea0e1c4c5aacde81ace8d16cc0"></a><a name="fe0b7a1ea0e1c4c5aacde81ace8d16cc0"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>when_clause::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__i74f49703c57f44fd97973b5a938f436d" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695065.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__a43363f532c2245d0b8dec9591dd3b14c">Parameter description:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__ucd7e3d19bf794f888ef7fed2ef660165"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__l82c425204eb549feaaf14e0e8eb32059"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__b842352706121414">case_expression</strong>: specifies the variable or expression.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__labb63c3758614305a4cbff625fa8567f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__b842352706121417">when_expression</strong>: specifies the constant or conditional expression.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__le7dfc5fcf2e849ca81e96d8e504dd1b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__a030613e8383f4327abcbcc182d3cca64">statement</strong>: specifies the statement to execute.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__s5dfe6698f4b54c71ab7027e80053a3fe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494603__s640c319020f644b5a84c4964bdae37c3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_case_branch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pi_result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pi_result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">111</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">222</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">333</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">444</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">555</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">666</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">777</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">888</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pi_return : %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pi_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_case_branch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_case_branch</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0539.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0539.html
new file mode 100644
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">NULL Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775__a3a3fa87a964a4bbdac228c86cd6b94f7">In PL/SQL programs, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775__a8781d5938e9c44f08b8dd3dcca8414a4">NULL</strong> statements are used to indicate "nothing should be done", equal to placeholders. They grant meanings to some statements and improve program readability.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775__scd3bb91d4a9d489ea0b1b259615ebacf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775__a2d6f7826b3c44855ad231cf8d498fcd8">The following shows example use of NULL statements.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894775__s36232b494bc44d0cac809dee4f045723"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--No data needs to be processed.</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0540.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0540.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00ed6d80
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@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Error Trapping Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a6ebf69af502641968ae876623734d1a4">By default, any error occurring in a PL/SQL function aborts execution of the function, and indeed of the surrounding transaction as well. You can trap errors and restore from them by using a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205242">BEGIN</strong> block with an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205244">EXCEPTION</strong> clause. The syntax is an extension of the normal syntax for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205251">BEGIN</strong> block:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__sc4e948748ce04f6988aa977df1979308"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">declarations</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">statements</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXCEPTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">handler_statements</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">handler_statements</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__ae857ccc48344429fb3401ba3d7b12666">If no error occurs, this form of block simply executes all the statements, and then control passes to the next statement after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270620542">END</strong>. But if an error occurs within the statements, further processing of the statements is abandoned, and control passes to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205412">EXCEPTION</strong> list. The list is searched for the first condition matching the error that occurred. If a match is found, the corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__en-us_topic_0058965745_b842352706205438">handler_statements</strong> are executed, and then control passes to the next statement after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__en-us_topic_0058965745_b842352706205435">END</strong>. If no match is found, the error propagates out as though the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205450">EXCEPTION</strong> clause were not there at all:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__af8eb23b18eac46f7bbef8010bad5cb72">The error can be caught by an enclosing block with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270620559">EXCEPTION</strong>, or if there is none it aborts processing of the function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a0a95971652914374a4540c31125f0d0b">The condition names can be any of those shown in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__i154881059114610">GaussDB(DWS) Error Code Reference</em>. The special condition name <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205613">OTHERS</strong> matches every error type except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205612">QUERY_CANCELED</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a443c222e55244f6e9014fc947e0fefd0">If a new error occurs within the selected <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__en-us_topic_0058965745_b842352706205631">handler_statements</strong>, it cannot be caught by this <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__en-us_topic_0058965745_b842352706205641">EXCEPTION</strong> clause, but is propagated out. A surrounding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205811">EXCEPTION</strong> clause could catch it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__aadbe27f342d74087be4f72db73c65da2">When an error is caught by an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205859">EXCEPTION</strong> clause, the local variables of the PL/SQL function remain as they were when the error occurred, but all changes to persistent database state within the block are rolled back.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__aaf0a4f29550147a3bbdf71418f7cdb55">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__s4be2570b429a43f5a47a6a9328d0c236"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">firstname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">lastname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">firstname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lastname</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Tom'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Jones'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_exp</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">firstname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Joe'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lastname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Jones'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXCEPTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">division_by_zero</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">RAISE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'caught division_by_zero'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_exp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">caught</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">division_by_zero</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_exp</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">firstname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lastname</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----------+----------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tom</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jones</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fun_exp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a35503ad0057748d2bd29e8defef01a41">When control reaches the assignment to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b8423527062101">y</strong>, it will fail with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b8423527062103">division_by_zero</strong> error. This will be caught by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b842352706205957">EXCEPTION</strong> clause. The value returned in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b14385113114311">RETURN</strong> statement will be the incremented value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b53861131173119">x</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__ncb9926bb37a143588779efa07f0014ed"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a9b033f3957a84b33a89ea82cc28c95fa">A block containing an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__en-us_topic_0058965745_b84235270621156">EXCEPTION</strong> clause is more expensive to enter and exit than a block without one. Therefore, do not use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270621159">EXCEPTION</strong> without need.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__ac1d92054dc76412ebd75d08e554a5277">In the following scenario, an exception cannot be caught, and the entire transaction rolls back. The threads of the nodes participating the stored procedure exit abnormally due to node failure and network fault, or the source data is inconsistent with that of the table structure of the target table during the COPY FROM operation.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a3533539975264a42a0580a8cc6f982d2">Example: Exceptions with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270621221">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270621225">INSERT</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__a40d6792d296b44ad8ae624adc85db3db">This example uses exception handling to perform either <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270621236">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__b84235270621238">INSERT</strong>, as appropriate:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814452__s674d802f9dc44173baabc9fbbbf74e2c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">merge_db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VOID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Try updating the key:</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">found</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Not there, so try to insert the key. If someone else inserts the same key concurrently, we could get a unique-key failure.</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">EXCEPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unique_violation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">-- Loop to try the UPDATE again:</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">merge_db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'david'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">merge_db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dennis'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete FUNCTION and TABLE:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">merge_db</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GOTO Statements</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p493218712218">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b138219984618">GOTO</strong> statement unconditionally transfers the control from the current statement to a labeled statement. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b14786853519">GOTO</strong> statement changes the execution logic. Therefore, use this statement only when necessary. Alternatively, you can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b6867145119527">EXCEPTION</strong> statement to handle issues in special scenarios. To run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b1069242311547">GOTO</strong> statement, the labeled statement must be unique.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__section126022140116"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p8751942831">label declaration ::=</p>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p1466414251916"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__image197672617203" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815117.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p17190908218">goto statement ::=</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p329914618212"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__image6426163232116" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815256.png"></span></p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__section147058110414"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen453893216187"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GOTO_test</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'v1 is %. '</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GOTO_test</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GOTO_test</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__section186169245159"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__p1711413217158">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b1749614905517">GOTO</strong> statement has the following constraints:</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul207668408714"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li6766740773">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b112451757115814">GOTO</strong> statement does not allow multiple labeled statements even if they are in different blocks.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen55026314717"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul188771441679"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li28771944076">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b86911217205918">GOTO</strong> statement cannot transfer control to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b19380855165914">IF</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b173591457165916">CASE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b19856719018">LOOP</strong> statement.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen192011241471"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">valid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul1591114220113"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li89184213115">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b10681437703">GOTO</strong> statement cannot transfer control from one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b194521859102">IF</strong> clause to another, or from one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b795244110111">WHEN</strong> clause in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b79706717114">CASE</strong> statement to another.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen49761092123"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">valid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul161321873820"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li131326710813">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b198891621726">GOTO</strong> statement cannot transfer control from an outer block to an inner <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b15291013316">BEGIN-END</strong> block.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen19851591977"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul63301910385"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li63303103814">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b173811640232">GOTO</strong> statement cannot transfer control from an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b1214291720510">EXCEPTION</strong> block to the current <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b4156200740">BEGIN-END</strong> block but can transfer to an outer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b125371251063">BEGIN-END</strong> block.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen12572205514612"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">EXCEPTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pos1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__ul76666141785"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__li186667141283">If the labeled statement in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b4666229191218">GOTO</strong> statement does not exist, you need to add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__b1226412266716">NULL</strong> statement.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894987__screen182424612814"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">done</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">done</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">end_loop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">end_loop</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">-- not allowed unless an executable statement follows</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- add NULL statement to avoid error</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">-- raises an error without the previous NULL</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0532.html">Control Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0542.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0542.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61304b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0542.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495011"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495011"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Other Statements</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0543.html">Lock Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0544.html">Cursor Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0543.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0543.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c721d750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0543.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Lock Operations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427__en-us_topic_0059778249_p655714596220"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427__text261076863">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides multiple lock modes to control concurrent accesses to table data. These modes are used when Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) cannot give expected behaviors. Alike, most <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427__text1245379961">GaussDB(DWS)</span> commands automatically apply appropriate locks to ensure that called tables are not deleted or modified in an incompatible manner during command execution. For example, when concurrent operations exist, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894427__b1243235816346">ALTER TABLE</strong> cannot be executed on the same table.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0542.html">Other Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0544.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0544.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd6f57e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0544.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Cursor Operations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601__en-us_topic_0059777587_p15682972236"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601__text2032103118">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides cursors as a data buffer for users to store execution results of SQL statements. Each cursor region has a name. Users can use SQL statements to obtain records one by one from cursors and grant them to master variables, then being processed further by host languages.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601__ad94cd9b54eaf41f69ff0d374ac734227">Cursor operations include cursor definition, open, fetch, and close operations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494601__a829d32257c314c18b3ade658f56d4992">For the complete example of cursor operations, see <a href="dws_04_0547.html">Explicit Cursor</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0542.html">Other Statements</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0545.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0545.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..523e22cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0545.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895031"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895031"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Cursors</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0546.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0547.html">Explicit Cursor</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0548.html">Implicit Cursor</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0549.html">Cursor Loop</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0546.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0546.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ce039d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0546.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body1536647564178"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a5169b8a73b7f4285a8604ca818c22f54">To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store context association. Cursors are handles or pointers to context areas. With cursors, stored procedures can control alterations in context areas.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__n4471cf68d3104e96b2ea453c1a3d246c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__af5fa5558f9044d92bb33d54c063b9ba6">If JDBC is used to call a stored procedure whose returned value is a cursor, the returned cursor is not available.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a08a0b27afd2241378febf26675a215ef">Cursors are classified into explicit cursors and implicit cursors. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__tc43c8c4ed32a432c864256c4fca6147a">Table 1</a> shows the usage conditions of explicit and implicit cursors for different SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__tc43c8c4ed32a432c864256c4fca6147a"></a><a name="tc43c8c4ed32a432c864256c4fca6147a"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__tc43c8c4ed32a432c864256c4fca6147a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Cursor usage conditions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__r191291b75778461a8b53a84f350b18cd"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a2d68213d091f4b5eb50763ac11250faf">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a8c48fc13723544d79c715005f8584858">Cursor</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__r5e877f193b4d4e57bd355b60f36821e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a6ff7a493f6a7401eaaddf6e0b677e18f">Non-query statements</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__aef581bb58bd844a4b9998672037b04fc">Implicit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__r0cc1e38a53f14fdb8c4eb85eb44fc5e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__a4a67e7deb1e048238b2fa84d0ecc80f5">Query statements with single-line results</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__af736a15094a844f3956aa00d6fd963bc">Implicit or explicit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__r80813f2f8d1a40bba76d664c23c5fbe7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__ab2477ea1612c44caa5bb4bfdc6f8d374">Query statements with multi-line results</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134738__af825567f1b804be98bae673899c27cd9">Explicit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0547.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0547.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b05a601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0547.html
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Explicit Cursor</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a2077bd8aac264c75bb09f6b34ed94897">An explicit cursor is used to process query statements, particularly when the query results contain multiple records.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__sc2c87118c2334ff683ae39758925a1ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__aa901389d769147a5a0ec019b11bc1806">An explicit cursor performs the following six PL/SQL steps to process query statements:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__o23d2ed078b5247e5b12d7e2716bc34f5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l5abc584a3e5048cfaf59c7c91fd0c8c4"><span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b4487581116250">Define a static cursor:</strong> Define a cursor name and its corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b122911516250">SELECT</strong> statement.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a709a008d6ab9499cacf4c9cc48d4871c"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5ebd05f39359414695fc9535d74c7e54">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram for defining a static cursor.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5ebd05f39359414695fc9535d74c7e54"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5ebd05f39359414695fc9535d74c7e54"></a><a name="f5ebd05f39359414695fc9535d74c7e54"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>static_cursor_define::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__id792b95cd8c445b1bb9c63b7a061bb1f" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975180.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__adcddbeaec4664b60b441da462a08cd6a">Parameter description:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__u529c9d6985a64d91b00d742de4438b81"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l8373cf3d03d24dbe92e18442ed63c275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b77431845153512">cursor_name</strong>: defines a cursor name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__lf3a2178ed12542e39ae329a3e86bd8f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0040044845_en-us_topic_0027042965_b38965658162531">parameter</strong>: specifies cursor parameters. Only input parameters are allowed in the following format:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__s145a94a39e42447d9651f235286d8f85">parameter_name datatype</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l4b07c5a4df764f9c98d6e7fb2251c141"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b18915382162531">select_statement</strong>: specifies a query statement.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__n6fd0ae29e0fb496aa86f6952bbb9f87f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a6ff428b45d494f449d0a84f597f21b33">The system automatically determines whether the cursor can be used for backward fetches based on the execution plan.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a799bf9be40f54260ad3e17bd6b162c9d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b45239090162551">Define a dynamic cursor:</strong> Define a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b4498629162551">ref</strong> cursor, which means that the cursor can be opened dynamically by a set of static SQL statements. Define the type of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b46631174118">ref</strong> cursor first and then the cursor variable of this cursor type. Dynamically bind a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b40487669162551">SELECT</strong> statement through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b28844706162551">OPEN FOR</strong> when the cursor is opened.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__af30fee19df2a4fdd89754ee3a218eaa4"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__fe28df92329334de2a2590c78cfd4cd7f">Figure 2</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f685eab9d29d6492d9f48bf7f5f39c966">Figure 3</a> show the syntax diagrams for defining a dynamic cursor.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__fe28df92329334de2a2590c78cfd4cd7f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__fe28df92329334de2a2590c78cfd4cd7f"></a><a name="fe28df92329334de2a2590c78cfd4cd7f"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>cursor_typename::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__i22ca260213224d1bad421a631a1d737b" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495193.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__aa42adb3edf2e44ddbfc775964bec457b"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__text1142613520">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports the dynamic cursor type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0058965691_en-us_topic_0027042965_b40069257162644">sys_refcursor</strong>. A function or stored procedure can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0058965691_en-us_topic_0027042965_b25078994162644">sys_refcursor</strong> parameter to pass on or pass out the cursor result set. A function can return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0058965691_en-us_topic_0027042965_b24384362162644">sys_refcursor</strong> to return the cursor result set.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f685eab9d29d6492d9f48bf7f5f39c966"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f685eab9d29d6492d9f48bf7f5f39c966"></a><a name="f685eab9d29d6492d9f48bf7f5f39c966"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>dynamic_cursor_define::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__ie0e60dec09574a0a9866e411d6d043cd" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145815045.png"></span></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l11b278de36b54d2b942de6ae4df102a7"><span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b15797801162726">Open the static cursor:</strong> Execute the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b7962488162726">SELECT</strong> statement corresponding to the cursor. The query result is placed in the work area and the pointer directs to the head of the work area to identify the cursor result set. If the cursor query statement contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b4553529162726">FOR UPDATE</strong> option, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b40981767162726">OPEN</strong> statement locks the data row corresponding to the cursor result set in the database table.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a491c815bb48047c99915d924a46ff557"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f01b830e0c0dd439ab274074b6799fc00">Figure 4</a> shows the syntax diagram for opening a static cursor.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f01b830e0c0dd439ab274074b6799fc00"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f01b830e0c0dd439ab274074b6799fc00"></a><a name="f01b830e0c0dd439ab274074b6799fc00"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>open_static_cursor::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__i72c59d8e440047f9b713d181a0080482" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895161.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__adbcd49e861844750ae4f50208652b07a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b6174312716282">Open the dynamic cursor:</strong> Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__en-us_topic_0027042965_b1881723916282">OPEN FOR</strong> statement to open the dynamic cursor and the SQL statement is dynamically bound.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a93f505aa2fc04b13854ab91631bf62a5"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0dba806a4d8f42e0a7faef4fb03bfa57">Figure 5</a> shows the syntax diagram for opening a dynamic cursor.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0dba806a4d8f42e0a7faef4fb03bfa57"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0dba806a4d8f42e0a7faef4fb03bfa57"></a><a name="f0dba806a4d8f42e0a7faef4fb03bfa57"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 5 </b>open_dynamic_cursor::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__i8cca6e4a495e4454a07c4099a4558ef6" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655364.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__ae5e97f3540c74e9fb2330f6c59cb87c4">A PL/SQL program cannot use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b0396144510163">OPEN</strong> statement to repeatedly open a cursor.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__led7adeef7a41467cb695a5e98a01152f"><span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b16586191041718">Fetch cursor data</strong>: Retrieve data rows in the result set and place them in specified output variables.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__ad8c9527b79bc43d882b679c77be5d075"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5214e8d3c1564810bdecfe35843913f4">Figure 6</a> shows the syntax diagram for fetching cursor data.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5214e8d3c1564810bdecfe35843913f4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f5214e8d3c1564810bdecfe35843913f4"></a><a name="f5214e8d3c1564810bdecfe35843913f4"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 6 </b>fetch_cursor::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__i392f901d1e9642beade830529874170f" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098815180.png"></span></div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l73929d9d5ee140448b02d7596ecf1624"><span>Process the record.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__lcee0622e69b04954b627819cf3c93a3e"><span>Continue to process until the active set has no record.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__lde811d568ed84394a4264af870c5b216"><span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b4739185216170">Close the cursor</strong>: When fetching and finishing the data in the cursor result set, close the cursor immediately to release system resources used by the cursor and invalidate the work area of the cursor so that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b174513527175">FETCH</strong> statement cannot be used to fetch data any more. A closed cursor can be reopened using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b1514813574205">OPEN</strong> statement.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__a18efe9ca042c4967a5990bd222afae44"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0629b4efb62e44a7911972faf2b359e9">Figure 7</a> shows the syntax diagram for closing a cursor.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0629b4efb62e44a7911972faf2b359e9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__f0629b4efb62e44a7911972faf2b359e9"></a><a name="f0629b4efb62e44a7911972faf2b359e9"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 7 </b>close_cursor::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__i055da9e30ed94f0ebd50d7d2eaf23319" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099135168.jpg"></span></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__s9a19930bca204959bb9a67ca72ef649b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Attributes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__acbb6f6f194d84daa9f3dfdef29703d2a">Cursor attributes are used to control program procedures or learn about program status. When a DML statement is executed, the PL/SQL opens a built-in cursor and processes its result. A cursor is a memory segment for maintaining query results. It is opened when a DML statement is executed and closed when the execution is finished. An explicit cursor has the following attributes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__u153e33c9e4a140768473d33fba382341"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l7a15c4620d9c414e9493b89e5338757a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b13203164416264">%FOUND</strong>: Boolean attribute, which returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b72041344192611">TRUE</strong> if the last fetch returns a row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l80350df4936648ce81effb1e05acee0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b17979185113269">%NOTFOUND</strong>: Boolean attribute, which works opposite to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b1979165192620">%FOUND</strong> attribute.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__l0cf76bd5ff904f47a730d16921573968"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b13438138202718">%ISOPEN</strong>: Boolean attribute, which returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b11444985273">TRUE</strong> if the cursor has been opened.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__la897e7305bc54d12acd47afb1dcade72"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__b87111123202711">%ROWCOUNT</strong>: numeric attribute, which returns the number of records fetched from the cursor.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__s694106b127be4e8ab3cfeb49818362bf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__ad613d8e28e484fd98d38b5ac44b50435"><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__sa58c89507ef849eda3abe6d41ba6475d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Specify the method for passing cursor parameters:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc1</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">-- Define a cursor:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sect_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">place_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sect_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURSOR_TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">C3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURSOR_TYPE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQL_STR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- Open the cursor:</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">-- Fetch data from the cursor:</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'---'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- Close the cursor.</span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'---'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SQL_STR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT section_name, place_id FROM sections WHERE section_id &lt;= :DEPT_NO;'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SQL_STR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C3</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DEPT_NAME</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'---'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">DEPT_LOC</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc1</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__s249bcca094d7465ea3340b62a4191729"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Increase the salary of employees whose salary is lower than CNY3000 by CNY500:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc2</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">V_EMPNO</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">V_SAL</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_EMPNO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_SAL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_SAL</span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="mi">3000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staff_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_EMPNO</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc2</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Drop the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor_proc2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494717__s46775a243491448f92dbc63c686665b4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Use function parameters of the SYS_REFCURSOR type:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_sys_ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">O</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS_REFCURSOR</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS_REFCURSOR</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">O</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS_REFCURSOR</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">proc_sys_ref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">ROWCOUNT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EXIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Drop the stored procedure:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_sys_ref</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Implicit Cursor</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__a91db09438b2e4a009eea8be7d0f266b7">The system automatically sets implicit cursors for non-query statements, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b12627111620579">ALTER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b19148101945719">DROP</strong>, and creates work areas for these statements. These implicit cursors are named SQL, which is defined by the system.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__sae59469dfc8143279ad669e46b0687f3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Overview</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__af2952542df3840d5b348010100a260c9">Implicit cursor operations, such as definition, opening, value-grant, and closing, are automatically performed by the system. Users can use only the attributes of implicit cursors to complete operations. The data stored in the work area of an implicit cursor is the latest SQL statement, and is not related to the user-defined explicit cursors.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__a6557b20b754c4ecf8b259de4d900d04e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__en-us_topic_0059778352_a80a8b7e8197f475dbe76a037558814d5">Format call</strong>: SQL%</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__nd97a6181fe4b425cac2dd791e878dbec"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__a26d8a7e2a64d43bc9f750f547cce11b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__en-us_topic_0027042955_b55638965163217">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__en-us_topic_0027042955_b30988637163217">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__en-us_topic_0027042955_b10462278163217">DROP</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__en-us_topic_0027042955_b27051641163217">SELECT</strong> statements do not require defined cursors.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__s1c46fe9ed5eb413aaba669929bbf126b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Attributes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__ad1047c04328848389bddfa8b904d77be">An implicit cursor has the following attributes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__ua06826aedaa842b8a9c8d87d766a2305"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__l9b7cfe6d3afb45499b666fabd272eb9d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b4653545400">SQL%FOUND</strong>: Boolean attribute, which returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b1566135434017">TRUE</strong> if the last fetch returns a row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__lf8253b1bec88498cad4c624c476e2dc2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b148521411414">SQL%NOTFOUND</strong>: Boolean attribute, which works opposite to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b1985214119418">SQL%FOUND</strong> attribute.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__l4eba6df2e8cd444e8dea4f2fc4319c66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b4475110194110">SQL%ROWCOUNT</strong>: numeric attribute, which returns the number of records fetched from the cursor.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__l902dffed005740e2b8d48cb01aa9dff0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b1710142584118">SQL%ISOPEN</strong>: Boolean attribute, whose value is always <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__b210782516419">FALSE</strong>. Close implicit cursors immediately after an SQL statement is executed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__s1f9e06b45fb34e4f8f25be3a01efe273"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135054__s880700cefc0b4873b77648200f5b3eed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Delete all employees in a department from the EMP table. If the department has no employees, delete the department from the DEPT table.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_cursor3</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">V_DEPTNO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_DEPTNO</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">-- Proceed based on cursor status:</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">NOTFOUND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">V_DEPTNO</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_cursor3</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Drop the stored procedure and the temporary table:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_cursor3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sections_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Cursor Loop</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ae558276410754afc96f45461437a035f">The use of cursors in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__b15420183815715">WHILE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__b15611194010577">LOOP</strong> statements is called a cursor loop. Generally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__b10552111210589">OPEN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__b143507167588">FETCH</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__b13480019195811">CLOSE</strong> statements are needed in cursor loop. The following describes a loop that is applicable to a static cursor loop without executing the four steps of a static cursor.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__sa8822907c8364a16b0e2767d9056be98"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ada141f79b1f045e1918f130e6df2d5cb"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ffb84c90bcf774206ab06d7f3b17cd9de">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax diagram for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__en-us_topic_0027042977_b48254015163521">FOR AS</strong> loop.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ffb84c90bcf774206ab06d7f3b17cd9de"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ffb84c90bcf774206ab06d7f3b17cd9de"></a><a name="ffb84c90bcf774206ab06d7f3b17cd9de"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>FOR_AS_loop::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__i7c4535d5e8d44ce499d920b574b73739" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145495261.png"></span></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__s0739c9ecada641e7826ab44ed040af93"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__ua3af7c5729b74d7a8e8474c21d88e9d5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__l31fa595b124f4abb947bf906ee6affec">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__en-us_topic_0027042977_b16102764163559">UPDATE</strong> operation for the queried table is not allowed in the loop statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__lb1c31fdd84494b7397328225e351111b">The variable <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__i73631350629">loop_name</em> is automatically defined and is valid only in this loop. The type and value of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__i1680117379413">loop_name</em> are the same as those of the query result of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__i104627141834">select_statement</em>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__u587b6dadda544bd8846ef57dea2919d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__l0818fafcbcc54a8c8b34c813bac7cf7a">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__en-us_topic_0058965597_en-us_topic_0027042977_b460206163631">%FOUND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__en-us_topic_0058965597_en-us_topic_0027042977_b4141857163631">%NOTFOUND</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__en-us_topic_0058965597_en-us_topic_0027042977_b37276716163631">%ROWCOUNT</strong> attributes access the same internal variable in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__text4987372">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Transactions and anonymous blocks cannot be accessed by multiple cursors at the same time.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__s1cf2f6880add4f32a2fd6536bbd1b96b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975032__s27fe161686034ef0a94cd6bc89c39294"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ROW_TRANS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ROW_TRANS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Multiple cursors share the parameters of cursor attributes:</span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">--Declare the cursor.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PI_A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PI_B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- Open the cursor.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">OPEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PI_A</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----  The value of C1%FOUND and C2%FOUND is FALSE.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PI_B</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----  The value of C1%FOUND and C2%FOUND is TRUE.</span>
+<span class="c1">-- Determine the cursor status:</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">FOUND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="k">FOUND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Dual cursor share paremeter.'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- Close the cursor.</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Drop the temporary table:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">integerTable2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0545.html">Cursors</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0550.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0550.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654852"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654852"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Advanced Packages</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0551.html">DBMS_LOB</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0552.html">DBMS_RANDOM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0553.html">DBMS_OUTPUT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0554.html">UTL_RAW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0555.html">DBMS_JOB</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0556.html">DBMS_SQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0551.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0551.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBMS_LOB</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s080dcd1b865a4790a1cb1e01d97881fa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__acf2195bfe8e140a0a8e90be93f06fa85"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t652a1b67fb4746cb846f73477c3bb77f">Table 1</a> provides all interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a5f636381dd3b40bc9ac28d36a7544101">DBMS_LOB</strong> package.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t652a1b67fb4746cb846f73477c3bb77f"></a><a name="t652a1b67fb4746cb846f73477c3bb77f"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t652a1b67fb4746cb846f73477c3bb77f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBMS_LOB</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ra8fed743a29a4a93b59df7290943e45a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a27e782ef645746f9a6799725262f84d7">API</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a9f984fc445054d33b65f458014bf1ecf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rdebc41f5a9f94f84a653e9fe250e514d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__af664c7e75e2c495fad51d4c7d02730c9"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c">DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a2ab368538c2949418c5a71c62359c398">Obtains and returns the specified length of a LOB object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row1487315436182"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p158745430183"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li7581543191913">DBMS_LOB.OPEN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p787414318189">Opens a LOB and returns a LOB descriptor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r2f660ee5122940b995c3a719c7412fb0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae0a1562b20a54ceca04ca1a599486cd9"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713">DBMS_LOB.READ</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a03b0d67f945a4d1a911680647ad5f580">Loads a part of LOB contents to BUFFER area according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__racb03609fd294099808455355137f64e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a9e6ffeb782b74281a8b8b09bf217395c"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31">DBMS_LOB.WRITE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__af7cd791c0c9c49f2bab02d156e8c3107">Copies contents in BUFFER area to LOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r361fc8fd34fb49d4a1e9088941849191"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a968a6655ba5849a9b16eeefa14fb0320"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817">DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aa66ed9da1a73465b9aef6180f611434f">Copies contents in BUFFER area to the end part of LOB according to the specified length.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r8a5d245db221497581296c51c3f64e4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a044a7cd93c114a29b827c5f9e9d60a06"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692">DBMS_LOB.COPY</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a92a6beb2d9034d3393a1903323d85acb">Copies contents in BLOB to another BLOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ra19d17015a924c048215a5ab98ba642a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__abe6d42debe90428db553a2973fe6de5a"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e">DBMS_LOB.ERASE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a923a926b557c428d87fca249e272b80e">Deletes contents in BLOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rbd1fa83a207747a6b31a48fa49fcaa3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a5b2ed1876afe4897912ace4162fbb9af"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ta292aad6be2b4dfcb2cc8efe0c540879">DBMS_LOB.CLOSE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a833a6268570346a5aca8b356028aca34">Closes a LOB descriptor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row68011725104"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p108021628103"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li1442318419148">DBMS_LOB.INSTR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1680210261014">Returns the position of the Nth occurrence of a character string in LOB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row076195215166"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1676155281616"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li19579245181414">DBMS_LOB.COMPARE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p976852141611">Compares two LOBs or a certain part of two LOBs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row6889194715168"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p108892479161"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li381175591417">DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p78891347191615">Reads the substring of a LOB and returns the number of read bytes or the number of characters.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row2672173512167"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1267263519162"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li374125861411">DBMS_LOB.TRIM</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p11672435151613">Truncates the LOB of a specified length. After the execution is complete, the length of the LOB is set to the length specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b922155233917">newlen</strong> parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row235685818184"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p113563582185"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li145817213157">DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1928175419583">Creates a temporary BLOB or CLOB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row54322157196"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p15433815161912"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li194203411159">DBMS_LOB.APPEND</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p112141156125815">Adds the content of a LOB to another LOB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__u87b6db02269849c4b9bafc27433c89c4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c"></a><a name="l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c"></a>DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ab10b7ee75a174fdf9f369603e3a13478"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c"></a><a name="l112821beeb424f68a87f11bbcb23ba8c"></a>Specifies the length of a LOB type object obtained and returned by the stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a820c601054714549a59f68ec90a0d404">GETLENGTH</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ab8acf399f35c4047b29dd8f851485ab9">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ad130a3b9fe404b3c8bf69fe537096dfb">DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s2e57ea6ce7594ff3be8f9517bad1b9f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GETLENGTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GETLENGTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t8661cf002e2b4462a953913bce609ea6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rb7c72a20ccb341c79496b8227e424ccf"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.05%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a7f88abc08bc24e60b18000f9b15ce03e">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.95%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac5b9387a6a2443d8b37ce1dbb1fdb0bf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rd71bb0ad68254eb3970cfe672ae19763"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.05%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a8ef73442a4764a36b5f467beb8902751">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.95%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__adc34e537abdc47379a46f9260b1291f1">LOB type object whose length is to be obtained</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li7581543191913"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li7581543191913"></a><a name="li7581543191913"></a>DBMS_LOB.OPEN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p2581104315192"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li7581543191913"></a><a name="li7581543191913"></a>A stored procedure opens a LOB and returns a LOB descriptor. This process is used only for compatibility.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1058120430190">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b117322133410">DBMS_LOB.OPEN</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen858234321918"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">LOB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">open_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BINARY_INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">LOB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">open_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BINARY_INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table11582943121914" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>DBMS_LOB.OPEN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row14582154351919"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.05%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p165830438197">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.95%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p175832434192">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row125831143171914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.05%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1458314311198">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.95%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p458364351913">BLOB or CLOB descriptor that is opened</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row136166465268"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.05%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p56172464268">open_mode IN BINARY_INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.95%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.2.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p106175463262">Open mode (currently, DBMS_LOB.LOB_READWRITE is supported)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713"></a><a name="l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713"></a>DBMS_LOB.READ<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a17626ebffda6433b8d54f23b39bfd205"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713"></a><a name="l48e5b599124e4753818164902a609713"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b16172771443">READ</strong> loads a part of LOB contents to BUFFER according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__afd0b8c8687e342a5ba29baf342564f40">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aee03012f52a649a7948fc37169c1e3a2">DBMS_LOB.READ</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__sc310ba1ebf9e498d9adc511d40d8f4d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t60faec415f2443a5aa6dff33bf75778b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>DBMS_LOB.READ interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rdb52a3c8b4da49eab5d40640ef7152f2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a807c72b11876424db796ed048fb30d1b">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a026cd2cd502d4ae8ba414e94c67ab69e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__re070c2f040fc463b8a0998a98f845b81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae7c3b4aaf265452e9c245d5ba09f9596">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ad26eaeac1fb5476f96fab7f69f3090f9">LOB type object to be loaded</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__re748d0e7546f4afcb963474abb75b7f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a3c07870a60754ee699fdc4c5ed91512a">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a679f110324994eaa93e033ca8e656f00">Load data length</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n0da6876bffce46d6858e249f25d4227d"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p116171649250">If the read length is negative, the error message "ERROR: argument 2 is null, invalid, or out of range." is displayed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r42b7240add764f09afa49b10b9bc4982"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a7edade949b1b40cdbe7bd57d6f7aa23d">offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a86f3e13bab9d4764ac88704fccc6a7c9">Indicates where to start reading the LOB contents, that is, the offset bytes to initial position of LOB contents.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r8a26597f40b84d959c0b851200045e17"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a27f37e8efea34c1faf04f3d604dcbcaa">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a51755e812fe741b0a0d466d8b5e72e7b">Target buffer to store the loaded LOB contents</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31"></a><a name="l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31"></a>DBMS_LOB.WRITE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__afb1b8b7cc2b14886834516afb6c64316"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31"></a><a name="l1fd7a1bbcff5458890a384d2f8152a31"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b1686415684613">WRITE</strong> copies contents in BUFFER to LOB variables according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae031356210494a07b693384ef5d77d8f">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a576212b089134053a2ca6fb11ab04726">DBMS_LOB.WRITE</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s426c3f9147844f91916847f3e783cf34"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__tf8736ba8f58c4b718da130c12e7e5dd4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>DBMS_LOB.WRITE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r110ce47be2c84138a7260388a547f806"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.18%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__af2e6e30cc2a84de4a1555971f7b4f562">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.82%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__af1c8bca44c3a4ff785a101fe8ca468ea">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rc341bdbc1e634484aa1547fd329ebb20"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.18%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a89eb7b4dc1304035acbefac964c18b69">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a70591c40f69f493fab450f3d24b71c13">LOB type object to be written</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r0c922dbc2ee041daab66edc6c401e889"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.18%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a431193ad96a846b1b8bada8814168094">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aca42ac60f592421c98a6413042ae6995">Write data length</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__naf65fc2ac5674bdbbe7df435b7c9d237"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae6fcc853940e48c08114298307b49f23">If the write data is shorter than 1 or longer than the contents to be written, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rdcbbc27e8f844977852eb498a7196a40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.18%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aee2d005af6bf422db618f40ae724e7de">offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a19d2bd9b73e04c66bfb11859fd13b943">Indicates where to start writing the LOB contents, that is, the offset bytes to initial position of LOB contents.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n8472ef9e47cc48c791e24a38ca52df75"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a32b3edf05c064328aaa538e679831138">If the offset is shorter than 1 or longer than the maximum length of LOB type contents, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rf0bce5d009844a9299dd11485ad31bc1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.18%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a29771c07050f4e38a5b8f9724f8f9be9">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac1e43e4c6570487ab9f0b6b652302fce">Content to be written</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817"></a><a name="lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817"></a>DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__afd44e2e2f5014b3896c5dd7ff68f5b26"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817"></a><a name="lfcc14fd73f834169bb03ceb2e832f817"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b154678576474">WRITEAPPEND</strong> copies contents in BUFFER to the end part of LOB according to the specified length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a0eeb0c4302f64beba236951369ad6eb1">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a33455a63bd81485db569431f1e017495">DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__sacbda05fe8b342c8a905a5e688d13d21"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WRITEAPPEND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WRITEAPPEND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t08eb0fde908e4417b030d2738f67cac6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r46757926a42d47e782f0623ad88e8324"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac6d8526bf7ca4409a23bee5affb0f711">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a6c83a7927fdd452181af0360f4cb1ab5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rd8e4d52697724799bd540336b97c5b6d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac78e7c6d966a4c63bba3c390377c7a70">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__abc71f7d8f9c94486b97242e31b14552b">LOB type object to be written</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r4029aee3e41842a29b6bf817dad5ae60"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ada860e516939429f862ecf380d076f9e">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a11e3934658c1465da2ba13c1e52eae55">Write data length</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n295505e9c4c34d499b461dfd148f6c34"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a7441401aaf1145948ee319e7c0c4f530">If the write data is shorter than 1 or longer than the contents to be written, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__raf2dba0ab791437dafe683ac6c081131"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a0c71973958094b119bca586cf5befd5b">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.5.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ab3948f08fa6d40ef998d244df7b73dd0">Content to be written</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692"></a><a name="l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692"></a>DBMS_LOB.COPY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aeddff17507414155b35ecb86fad3481b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692"></a><a name="l2af2f8b7366643ca91559e18eaea4692"></a>The stored procedure <strong>COPY</strong> copies contents in BLOB to another BLOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a049c8d607b7e4047ab51afe8955b91dd">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a09b68c22036340fea8deeac57d648176">DBMS_LOB.COPY</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s62418a28fda644c1bad6abf1636fb80f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dest_lob</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_lob</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dest_offset</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_offset</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__tb1410d84631e49baa564de90b2a27053" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 7 </b>DBMS_LOB.COPY interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r49f52e7274e24d25a9a6d9395a1e3ef0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a6e0e348ec5e54f13a714987073dec64f">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a11438558ce794708951ab7c3d2c28ab3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r43b0f3447bd844ec9a22900c3cc1c030"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a8cf669e22dec4017aeca8241257ef503">dest_lob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ad89cd55fe83244aea3b60e403b8b0a66">BLOB type object to be pasted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rbb96e7e6ea884d8baec584fe48726e19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a8ab72b6357c74afbaff2d4e48ed78e1b">src_lob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac9789c6b5df64d5b951fe743b8121797">BLOB type object to be copied</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r7eb29a2637cb4ec9b600c926893b1d77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ad5279cc2ee3e437e926f0527c89b45b8">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae609994b5912489c95896c12ed4c21f7">Length of the copied data</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n1768087ed57f4de89208b9e990ce4bc3"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a9cce788f3ccc4b0ebff5c1a7a9c2ed81">If the copied data is shorter than 1 or longer than the maximum length of BLOB type contents, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r9a3b59e47a864c1f8d47ffb05ecc7643"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac96e733e55394a8ca53839c4c7ea9bdb">dest_offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a01f0852f29744b18840da754a402134c">Indicates where to start pasting the BLOB contents, that is, the offset bytes to initial position of BLOB contents.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__nb0cc1fe1abb0496991aa62e25d9f2ec8"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a1b168550207348bb98b0181f64c55b8d">If the offset is shorter than 1 or longer than the maximum length of BLOB type contents, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rf7576f65920c4d34a2490635c07756c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aa10610b7c0c84b0b8dadd8ed7374af8f">src_offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.6.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a34225eba566d416b9aca5831e26e919d">Indicates where to start copying the BLOB contents, that is, the offset bytes to initial position of BLOB contents.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n237ece9fea684023a01947bc0fcd3953"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a22e94c7d7fc848c5be66e30715962d63">If the offset is shorter than 1 or longer than the length of source BLOB, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e"></a><a name="l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e"></a>DBMS_LOB.ERASE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ad8deed1369ec4fb6a047dfb77d8caa9e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e"></a><a name="l8d03841cf8fb4c4b899a356efcb34f0e"></a>The stored procedure <strong>ERASE</strong> deletes contents in BLOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ac5861a88427b44cc883193c598a5b5b8">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a010532359755466eb2f13bc6fdf8a078">DBMS_LOB.ERASE</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__sbd242a9d108849388a7758f727932514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ERASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__t8a333b5393484014b8f8d74693630bd4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 8 </b>DBMS_LOB.ERASE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rcd78068eb2ba48199fcc7a8b574e32ec"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aa1752f472adf488db30e798f396a8342">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a60b950448dc1411eb1f0d17e77dedae2">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r35af73ff612f48e88951ad76bfc534b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a45b82d632176464ba792d2672670974f">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a3e5d92c65dcb4baa8740e916ee4b84fc">BLOB type object whose contents are to be deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r460abd51477a4bf4a6338670c98c2035"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a680f1fe716004743ab0ab2fa1b7ec754">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__aead7baf1f58c4b6cb8268f35a07d2460">Length of contents to be deleted</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__nd0fdb260947c43868e91d639b0bc8eb3"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a58bd5573cbeb4487a35bb3b30e11dcbe">If the deleted data is shorter than 1 or longer than the maximum length of BLOB type contents, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r55984a8fb7214e91a3025372895ab113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a7d2547b4f48c429dbc45b23f62db6540">offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.7.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a016cd1dea5aa49d19cbcc1c3a296ae77">Indicates where to start deleting the BLOB contents, that is, the offset bytes to initial position of BLOB contents.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__n998c736669ba46c982c0f78512a11809"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a119d8d65005745fbabc32ac2291aa77b">If the offset is shorter than 1 or longer than the maximum length of BLOB type contents, an error is reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l7c19cc51b2fd4a87a5702b94aa19b53b">DBMS_LOB.CLOSE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a4fd2de11d4c941b8aee36e4685c65393"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__l7c19cc51b2fd4a87a5702b94aa19b53b"></a><a name="l7c19cc51b2fd4a87a5702b94aa19b53b"></a>The procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b842352706103756">CLOSE</strong> disables the enabled contents of LOB according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__adf228fda3fb943378103fae049225296">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__en-us_topic_0027042944_b42498624164155">DBMS_LOB.CLOSE</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s3e3c675fd4e644299e081cc11cb3f7e2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_lob</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_lob</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ta292aad6be2b4dfcb2cc8efe0c540879"></a><a name="ta292aad6be2b4dfcb2cc8efe0c540879"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ta292aad6be2b4dfcb2cc8efe0c540879" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 9 </b>DBMS_LOB.CLOSE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__r71d819dc619e4e0882bb831c4053032b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.8.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__acfa1bf9b97334074907978628125e35a">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.8.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a505215963c214639b095d61ff79b793d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__rc3796fc9fd19458eaecdcb0455f0b363"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.8.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__a6380493fb833489ab320bd006e0ca494">src_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="76.07000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.8.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ae36b3f8bcdb4404c8d758ce9f31b2458">LOB type object to be disabled</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li1442318419148"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li1442318419148"></a><a name="li1442318419148"></a>DBMS_LOB.INSTR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p5673152213264"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li1442318419148"></a><a name="li1442318419148"></a>This function returns the Nth occurrence position in LOB. If invalid values are entered, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b87571550824">NULL</strong> is returned. The invalid values include offset &lt; 1 or offset &gt; LOBMAXSIZE, nth &lt; 1, and nth &gt; LOBMAXSIZE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p29978211262">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b9841718192219">DBMS_LOB.INSTR</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen99975218265"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pattern</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">nth</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pattern</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">nth</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table2099872182618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 10 </b>DBMS_LOB.INSTR interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row1799812213261"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p89981721142613">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p18998102120263">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row899832162618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p12998821142614">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p149987213263">LOB descriptor to be searched for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row119983217261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p2099842118265">pattern</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p20998172122617">Matched pattern. It is RAW for BLOB and TEXT for CLOB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row1099802172618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1998142172620">offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p299812216268">For BLOB, the absolute offset is in the unit of byte. For CLOB, the offset is in the unit of character. The matching start position is 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row999882142618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p7998172115263">nth</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.9.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p19981721102611">Number of pattern matching times. The minimum value is 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li19579245181414"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li19579245181414"></a><a name="li19579245181414"></a>DBMS_LOB.COMPARE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p452831214474"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li19579245181414"></a><a name="li19579245181414"></a>This function compares two LOBs or a certain part of two LOBs.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__ul11440250174716"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li1311164113479">If the two parts are equal, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b1337755010195">0</strong> is returned. Otherwise, a non-zero value is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li91234194713">If the first CLOB is smaller than the second, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b10192125420224">-1</strong> is returned. If the first CLOB is larger than the second, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b1372270142316">1</strong> is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li114441184715">If any of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b32559326243">amount</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b1844636132417">offset_1</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b12285945112415">offset_2</strong> parameters is invalid, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b181132262510">NULL</strong> is returned. The valid offset range is 1 to LOBMAXSIZE.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p757913456148">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__en-us_topic_0027042944_b63533039165427_3">DBMS_LOB.READ</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen4579245181410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COMPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_1</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_2</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">LOBMAXSIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">offset_1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">offset_2</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COMPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_1</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_2</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">LOBMAXSIZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">offset_1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">offset_2</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p113851832482">
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table487213584473" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 11 </b>DBMS_LOB.COMPARE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row15871165810477"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p3871358194716">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p787145818474">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row58711158184710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p118711358104714">lob_1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p138719588476">First LOB descriptor to be compared</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row20871658114713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1587115582471">lob_2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1887112583473">Second LOB descriptor to be compared</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row19871145844719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p98711958144712">amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1887135813477">Number of characters or bytes to be compared. The maximum value is DBMS_LOB.LOBMAXSIZE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row118711258144712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1987135810478">offset_1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p587195820476">Offset of the first LOB descriptor. The initial position is 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row487225813474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p6872205844715">offset_2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.10.5.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1587219587472">Offset of the second LOB descriptor. The initial position is 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li381175591417"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li381175591417"></a><a name="li381175591417"></a>DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p78111655181411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li381175591417"></a><a name="li381175591417"></a>This function reads the substring of a LOB and returns the number of read bytes or the number of characters. If amount &gt; 1, amount &lt; 32767, offset &lt; 1, or offset &gt; LOBMAXSIZE, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b1826317248315">NULL</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p181175591418">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b814324732210">DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen2811195571412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">32767</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">32767</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">offset</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table1781110550149" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 12 </b>DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row10811455121416"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p2811105517142">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p7811185512145">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row1681165519141"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p781113557141">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p5533124682017">LOB descriptor of the substring to be read. For BLOB, the return value is the number of read bytes. For CLOB, the return value is the number of characters.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row178121755161413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p08124559145">offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p125555582010">Number of bytes or characters to be read.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row281255510147"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p15812145511417">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.11.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p98129554145">Number of characters or bytes offset from the start position.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li374125861411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li374125861411"></a><a name="li374125861411"></a>DBMS_LOB.TRIM<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1774135810147"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li374125861411"></a><a name="li374125861411"></a>This stored procedure truncates the LOB of a specified length. After this stored procedure is executed, the length of the LOB is set to the length specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b521315115374">newlen</strong> parameter. If an empty LOB is truncated, no execution result is displayed. If the specified length is longer than the length of LOB, an exception occurs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p874205801415">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b20687558152218">DBMS_LOB.TRIM</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen147425585147"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">newlen</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">newlen</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table1674295861410" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 13 </b>DBMS_LOB.TRIM interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row2742135813147"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1374245871417">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="86.47%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p187424583145">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row177421858201416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p3742758161414">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="86.47%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p674245891415">BLOB type object to be read</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row2713918239"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p13715913234">newlen</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="86.47%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.12.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p27119192316">After truncation, the new LOB length for BLOB is in the unit of byte and that for CLOB is in the unit of character.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li145817213157"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li145817213157"></a><a name="li145817213157"></a>DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p155810271518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li145817213157"></a><a name="li145817213157"></a>This stored procedure creates a temporary BLOB or CLOB and is used only for syntax compatibility.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p758121156">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b39306816239">DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen8581426151"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CREATETEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">cache</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dur</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CREATETEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lob_loc</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">cache</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dur</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table75812231520" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 14 </b>DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row558102191511"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p85817221510">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p55916219156">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row259172111510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p259142141511">lob_loc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p20591251511">LOB descriptor</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row14591928154"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1259729157">cache</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1559182181518">This parameter is used only for syntax compatibility.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row1159142131516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p0606251512">dur</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.13.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p13607201514">This parameter is used only for syntax compatibility.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li194203411159"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li194203411159"></a><a name="li194203411159"></a>DBMS_LOB.APPEND<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p44217481520"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__li194203411159"></a><a name="li194203411159"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b16907163264212">READ</strong> loads a part of BLOB contents to BUFFER according to the specified length and initial position offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p19421343152">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__b197613204238">DBMS_LOB.APPEND</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__screen1642116414156"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">APPEND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dest_lob</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_lob</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">APPEND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dest_lob</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">src_lob</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">CLOB</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__table1342104191512" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 15 </b>DBMS_LOB.APPEND interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row94210431515"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p94211245157">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1942164141513">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row142164181515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p5421543156">dest_lob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p12421124101512">LOB descriptor to be written</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__row0422544158"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p2042254201511">src_lob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.84%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.14.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__p1542234191510">LOB descriptor to be read</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__scad6aa5ed9de4152af44ac6c2c74f716"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494799__s5a392acf863d442ea090fac4b3b795e9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Obtain the length of the character string.</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GETLENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12345678'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">myraw</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buffer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'123456789012345'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">myraw</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myraw</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table_bak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table_bak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'22222'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dest</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">copyto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PSV_SQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PSV_SQL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cast_to_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">source</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">PSV_SQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'select * from blob_Table for update'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PSV_SQL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select * from blob_Table_bak for update'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PSV_SQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PSV_SQL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyto</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">source</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WRITEAPPEND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">source</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ERASE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copyto</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DBMS_LOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Delete the table.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_Table_bak</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBMS_RANDOM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__s8c8d75c0fada4bfd9c910e7057ba34ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a8ec9d2a885474044b17a1b61769a01e5"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__t93766423da5a44c296f075b7dfc7af5a">Table 1</a> provides all interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a763bac80d084421283e8f903891045f0">DBMS_RANDOM</strong> package.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__t93766423da5a44c296f075b7dfc7af5a"></a><a name="t93766423da5a44c296f075b7dfc7af5a"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__t93766423da5a44c296f075b7dfc7af5a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBMS_RANDOM interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__rdcb7ee172fee49f19e49255f52510846"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.75%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__acc2631f4b8aa4bb0bc95218b917a7ead">API</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.25%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a6fbbb46dcd6941f19eb09694f7891c9d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__rc94b2a6320904521a1b21f9a011a8a31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a041b4f23d66c4edfabfa2e65d27ae835"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e">DBMS_RANDOM.SEED</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a5e6262e36c5e417da5382293bfaebcdf">Sets a seed for a random number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__rf0f450760f2547948f473762cbaf088d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a7a546004e7724804af7b4eead6c7915b"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58">DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="78.25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a480e74f686e94796b5e479c6037a763a">Generates a random number between a specified low and a specified high.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__u6dbb540895a04a2f94640f5b330088bd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e"></a><a name="lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e"></a>DBMS_RANDOM.SEED<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a7e62ab6efb924c16a7aa3c3f8d9a0fbc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e"></a><a name="lac6fccaa336645a8b4a6d52272b2af1e"></a>The stored procedure SEED is used to set a seed for a random number. The DBMS_RANDOM.SEED function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__sd8749e49ae1745f6a783edcddbc9b1d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_RANDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SEED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__td4ede9490bff413dbd93197d2d4e81f7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>DBMS_RANDOM.SEED interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__r0d9f4b83771940c989d27bd8ee1fd2c1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.28%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a232d5a1cd68f4970987c9d7324e67dfb">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="74.72%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a82f5ef7ec0f842db82286bdcab66ec7d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__r6e61dbf1f4964ed0ad0f06944bff4fd7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.28%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a5730dbb73840439bbf82dcfc5b1d7a9b">seed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="74.72%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a2edb5dedcbd14d61a3324d0af5bb3de6">Generates a seed for a random number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__u046513a6caa540fcba9521bf7c515423"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58"></a><a name="lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58"></a>DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a62131b15d07043a0b214f56321cd1e02"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58"></a><a name="lf224bfe4ed9b4cab864ddace5779ab58"></a>The stored procedure VALUE generates a random number between a specified low and a specified high. The DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__sac9308da4fcb43418ccb8b03d2909ec3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_RANDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">low</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">high</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__t9f4679813dea4e0dacf1b89b64eefbb4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__r6f3bf394c770472db846a443d59f12ad"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.06%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a674a67a002834bee9c93bfbb4b38610f">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.94%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__ad87d636adeac411daa9d6d91deb06a56">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__r7b31f68cdb8343a7988334ac3194443b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.06%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__aabd3d33c7b954105b986a56b475f582a">low</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a6bdbb39a14a0430b8e5997cf53a66b93">Sets the low bound for a random number. The generated random number is greater than or equal to the low.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__r6b8ae1ceec2f4415a5217ae01c222835"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.06%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__aa3508ca1d81f40e28a68749cfc3c98a7">high</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.94%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__aa265f14a7cfc416fba8cb33e5f78a4bc">Sets the high bound for a random number. The generated random number is less than the high.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__n8a3db140a0634a52830f48827a785ffb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a460e07dfb4ed46c0976d51ff044488c1">The only requirement is that the parameter type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a7d5695a8093649709d3d48b5c21da57c">NUMERIC</strong> regardless of the right and left bound values.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__s2f69d1f1ee29402da7565c2539d7e105"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__a53038301355146778f03f4c30e286c03"></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494453__scc850b4c51e643999a4631382020cdcb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Generate a random number between 0 and 1:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_RANDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Add the low and high parameters to an integer within the specified range and intercept smaller values from the result. (The maximum value cannot be a possible value.) Therefore, use the following code for an integer between 0 and 99:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TRUNC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DBMS_RANDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBMS_OUTPUT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__s954c63c382244d3fb42bc0beac0c58b7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__afd2da6e40293408492835fcc2b4e7ea0"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__table1347845844912">Table 1</a> provides all interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__b727224118355">DBMS_OUTPUT</strong> package.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__table1347845844912"></a><a name="table1347845844912"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__table1347845844912" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBMS_OUTPUT</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__row19480195818499"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__aa581b981a4b349ed8131c677058f9db2">API</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a13bd937f2dd5441a946985a5f67d4f9e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__row548065810495"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__aec8a7a4d51a549c2914c64508b70282d"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t0f2c22fccf6e46e887e8bcc67641cb45">DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__afa35316802e84d5bbe93242481a17db8">Outputs the specified text. The text length cannot exceed 32,767 bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__row15480758174911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a5864c8c56c354752a44294b1b442409b"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t710910bfc110480ba9325098ec57b4ad">DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a413ea0cc64bc480d9b47df29bb64abee">Outputs the specified text to the front of the specified text without adding a line break. The text length cannot exceed 32,767 bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__row12480135824913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__ac12441e7a9b6421697c3e31bb5df972d"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t6f5db9a88c364c16a334176b641c714e">DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a4ae11c8883264454bd993971a29dc772">Sets the buffer area size. If this interface is not specified, the maximum buffer size is 20,000 bytes and the minimum buffer size is 2000 bytes. If the specified buffer size is less than 2000 bytes, the default minimum buffer size is applied.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__u98112aa698ea476da4c6fbb745eec6ed"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__l235f1c5b599f4724870c0de664e7e1e4">DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a2989e9756d024e0da2da80d0daa80d2e">The PUT_LINE procedure writes a row of text carrying a line end symbol in the buffer. The DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__s99279cb7097744c9ba02fa97516d07ca"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t0f2c22fccf6e46e887e8bcc67641cb45"></a><a name="t0f2c22fccf6e46e887e8bcc67641cb45"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t0f2c22fccf6e46e887e8bcc67641cb45" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r974c0e7a707a49659e09be8ceb9bac7e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.1.7.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a352e6aaf3fbe427fb21e19f8e824d41d">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" id="mcps1.3.1.7.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a5ea25261948b4e10acfb17c26db2b6a9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r3e86eb22b4ce41048ee56d4b9404e817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__ade434f40e8834c9e8a1f471d3d927e0f">item</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a9394286661284c2eba69f4cc3795723a">Specifies the text that was written to the buffer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__uec08f06bc8394dea965ebb53a5184abf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__l61b9b718cb4e45959a17d57783f51389">DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__aca672e57f3664b31802afdbbd7e019e4">The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__b842352706112018">PUT</strong> outputs the specified text to the front of the specified text without adding a linefeed. The DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__s3a8489e306c04e3e8f5aef7105393e22"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t710910bfc110480ba9325098ec57b4ad"></a><a name="t710910bfc110480ba9325098ec57b4ad"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t710910bfc110480ba9325098ec57b4ad" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r1eef2e184b9843efa7d3dddd268525ba"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.1.11.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__acf05ff1ef00f4251a4d94f6789c25e9d">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" id="mcps1.3.1.11.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__aae2d5d3dda164d9cb2f2f3c7d94de2bb">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r9cb33216ca704b92b3ccfe502ffa3bee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a6de8d16fe70d4bc08838498e8c09a891">item</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a6805aace0b4a43e2bddd6646db114cdc">Specifies the text that was written to the specified text.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__uf3e1911c1c014da6980965ce22b6f3b4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__lf8716a1c9459449da426ffc63d9a4e35">DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__ace150a0185e54b2eab2b3697f8791631">The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__b842352706112923">ENABLE</strong> sets the output buffer size. If the size is not specified, it contains a maximum of 20,000 bytes. The DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__see6719dec8b64739a64584dbe0a6d53c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t6f5db9a88c364c16a334176b641c714e"></a><a name="t6f5db9a88c364c16a334176b641c714e"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__t6f5db9a88c364c16a334176b641c714e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r9d53c942ef6c4da09e53904048cc3a40"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.1.15.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a88e3a6144090499da01d02d13f20990b">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" id="mcps1.3.1.15.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__adce6412042f84001a010eff0e9a5cdee">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__r8b8804dd69754e1eaa0e49f0e39ca311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.1.15.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a80fc300c078e43cfa9c057fa73d0fa98">buf</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="80%" headers="mcps1.3.1.15.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__a1f8463da25b4450996a5460bb6ae3567">Sets the buffer area size.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__s7429146bc1184f62befa73f63e65b866"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654710__s3b35a68a22f74e8490601e53dbc37e1d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello, '</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DBMS_OUTPUT</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PUT_LINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'database!'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="c1">-- Displaying &quot;hello, database!&quot;</span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UTL_RAW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__sebff8cb82e624d6a9039c6736d4d7740"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a9bf4e8370f4a4cc081ffcf7e3ab428c7"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t0e2e08a4a82a43b393914219bde25da5">Table 1</a> provides all interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a6049f8aeff2341d08587ae76c4063a06">UTL_RAW</strong> package.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t0e2e08a4a82a43b393914219bde25da5"></a><a name="t0e2e08a4a82a43b393914219bde25da5"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t0e2e08a4a82a43b393914219bde25da5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>UTL_RAW</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__rcefbe2dfdac0495983b7caafa29856bb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.79%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__aa84992874cdf43d6926dbb1f803bf5fd">API</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.21%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a24cc81e2568d4915b04081731630282c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__rfd96f0d8ddce468aa75aea618651257a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.79%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ad654ba5db23b4c40ab40e9395143a695"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__tc4dd3eb208a44dbaa1ba779bea7ec9d0">UTL_RAW.CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__af331d6ca2b5a4122ae0d400a8ecc2424">Converts an INTEGER type value to a binary representation (RAW type).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__rf1c4c0457ace45b3aae1ed67b5c01879"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.79%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__af00902287d30407cb32ff7a0c3c89953"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t7f2f82b228124447b948992fec416985">UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a10f47f246fe54ca696a9fe0cf07d2d50">Converts a binary representation (RAW type) to an INTEGER type value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__rd557263928354de0803a1f87809e3c08"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.79%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__aa288b1b51eaf4aaa8842c98d53e6ea65"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432">UTL_RAW.LENGTH</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a81d504c53c90415a86118117c9dbb946">Obtains the length of the RAW type object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r9b74dc80164e4693985561654303ca1e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.79%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ae4cf199c99a74d5ab96a77a43279ccd2"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd">UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a23a390daa13c4d4aa2c920e5ed9034e3">Converts a VARCHAR2 type value to a binary expression (RAW type).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__nf0ccf5b189dd4b14b8664c5ef224ff47"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a3001c42f49d84a13b827e06918046092">The external representation of the RAW type data is hexadecimal and its internal storage form is binary. For example, the representation of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a6e3c5c1097004d51af38e4b503d24126">RAW</strong> type data <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a03722ec635d74cb7b6a2039a205c5c40">11001011</strong> is 'CB'. The input of the actual type conversion is 'CB'.</p>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__u12942f827f8f4d90bf7f3b35224f78d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lf83dd9ea5da94615bce0e307c38a5b38">UTL_RAW.CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ac2964ce75cc242519ba7e46ec772537b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lf83dd9ea5da94615bce0e307c38a5b38"></a><a name="lf83dd9ea5da94615bce0e307c38a5b38"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ac5150decaff84f628dfd059f7b8620d9">CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER</strong> converts an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ab96550ea9fe84885befdb64e972d5954">INTEGER</strong> type value to a binary representation (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__en-us_topic_0027042939_b454801165635">RAW</strong> type). </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a941abcb9b288463cb420dd6acc2dd781">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__aef08553851ea424a886e9f3c57bc5711">UTL_RAW.CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER</strong> function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__s978cb00cee184d0d997536ecb8fd8232"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">UTL_RAW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">n</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">endianess</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__tc4dd3eb208a44dbaa1ba779bea7ec9d0"></a><a name="tc4dd3eb208a44dbaa1ba779bea7ec9d0"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__tc4dd3eb208a44dbaa1ba779bea7ec9d0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>UTL_RAW.CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r5c235fb484fe4af5a91eef1e95ca3cca"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.909999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__affec5625dd6b4cf485aceab4493994fa">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.09%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a20d3fc8736c24f43b7344bcd28d8ad08">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r41f5ab132be44862ac0d46fc842da648"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.909999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a833bda01577c4bc8bfe44e7667c9f0bc">n</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a37a0eb2b5d0b49948c9b5b01c4ae030c">Specifies the INTEGER type value to be converted to the RAW type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__radbe0e38c34d4d9f9ae1b0722c5019ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.909999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a75d8b9f93581481b92d579d9304bc325">endianess</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="84.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.1.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a8ad14feee9504f918d5f62041458bcfe">Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a2b0999f1b0884a8087a340a5b80c83cf">INTEGER</strong> type value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a0e6569c6d7624cfc9d66ebc034f64e74">1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a00e8d1ae2fb04981a7e3afeb167f00be">2</strong> of the byte sequence. (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a5719a6195f3d4450b9413ab55a819be9">1</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a246d6bdd932f4922832c6295c8d59f9e">BIG_ENDIAN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ae30a1fbb19644d86ab2c76a3553a6469">2</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__adff98496d8944bcc85ea086c50409147">LITTLE-ENDIAN</strong>.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l6de569705f614110bf3bfcae4cdf4faa">UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a7d24e62991034cec9b659985de49984c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l6de569705f614110bf3bfcae4cdf4faa"></a><a name="l6de569705f614110bf3bfcae4cdf4faa"></a>The stored procedure CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER converts an INTEGER type value in a binary representation (RAW type) to the INTEGER type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a39702f36848640319a6e2a8f3fe8f2bd">The UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__s9d477db933054387a9e1bdcfd1d29a61"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">UTL_RAW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">r</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">endianess</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BINARY_INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t7f2f82b228124447b948992fec416985"></a><a name="t7f2f82b228124447b948992fec416985"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t7f2f82b228124447b948992fec416985" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r1be6fbbdc23946eea97f1eea223e85da"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.77%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a7d3a4489f90844b284377e219e84f123">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.23%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a20abf84ae39e496da5b049fc145c7ad8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r44b4ac75f7af4c50846ec89a8f7f0dea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.77%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a07f93b52425f451686388dcad93ece8f">r</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.23%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__acf02c9f23a1142ac8090f3619bd4fce8">Specifies an INTEGER type value in a binary representation (RAW type).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r7bb2906d39d8418a9427c6e71d6e6eac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.77%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a94209fc74f9243e8a6b495c5b285db29">endianess</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.23%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a389fcf5490b54401b981c15c9e4e00da">Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b618028028">INTEGER</strong> type value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b1738629069">1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b682318968">2</strong> of the byte sequence. (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b719809647">1</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b1192703316">BIG_ENDIAN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b383989191">2</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__b1816317329">LITTLE-ENDIAN</strong>.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432"></a><a name="l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432"></a>UTL_RAW.LENGTH<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a2e7b13434ce2469a8220f9fc9aa737f1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432"></a><a name="l82d611483a83406087b820aaceb1d432"></a>The stored procedure LENGTH returns the length of a RAW type object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ac3606ecc42274f6ebe26a4346227368e">The UTL_RAW.LENGTH function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__s36fa55946f164fa58a57045b10da6321"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">UTL_RAW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">r</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t492cf65c10424a6896aca86bc719103f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>UTL_RAW.LENGTH interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ra3a62f0b1ef247c8a3ef5774604dc1a8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.86%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a363be85f9547492184c2fb2a927f2231">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.14%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__af029e38b134a4a889a52ac5ece8641b8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r95d52bac1472451b8d5c207038e40130"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.86%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__ae96fd9fa39344388a28f0c922bedc6a5">r</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.14%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a5692c93e9e154d44924b9e4019d50368">Specifies a RAW type object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd"></a><a name="lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd"></a>UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__afe73e4e5d1d042739ba1aad9705e0ec2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd"></a><a name="lebad1a3ce7af46aabb9ec7af9701cfcd"></a>The stored procedure CAST_TO_RAW converts a VARCHAR2 type object to the RAW type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__aae59bf3b74db4575a927cf393c1771e8">The UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW function prototype is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__sb4a20aef6d164356a06cc65d5bcc1b59"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">UTL_RAW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CAST_TO_RAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">c</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__t6b24fb6e218e4ec292ab759ca79969ac" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r7b1293e6ab44409f9d43ad3250831739"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.86%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__af681b333e51b479ab193f56e7d2d55c0">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.14%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__adfc76355ee52408c8441d902e5fa4043">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__r95daf4524bc2402e8f805a378b6c9b34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.86%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__acf7e14bb7dfc406baf25d49802936c32">c</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.14%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__a7911786f961446aabd548a9b1aa4883c">Specifies a VARCHAR2 type object to be converted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__s5d1715f6c42b451c9afaef512eeec772"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894499__sa7009ce6d0294bad92d07bd771111342"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Perform operations on RAW data in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raw</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cast_to_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="c1">--Convert the type.</span>
+<span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">source</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="c1">--Obtain the length.</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raw</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raw</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBMS_JOB</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s62d2d12234d74377ba4eff5cde96cebf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a9f597f79261b4d7aaeb94d443bf79de3"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__tfc5e1df8936049a4a4bd468c501148ff">Table 1</a> lists all interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0027042974_b62416104165056">DBMS_JOB</strong> package.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__tfc5e1df8936049a4a4bd468c501148ff"></a><a name="tfc5e1df8936049a4a4bd468c501148ff"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__tfc5e1df8936049a4a4bd468c501148ff" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBMS_JOB</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r1021baaac66741fd8becba4b370f5607"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a921c81508b734666b50998fed97ed9ce">Interface</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p698814148179">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rbffa0f84875a440b957886503ce1bdbb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ace3ab8a4d5a3444abac4bbeddc7ce5aa"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d">DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p798881471715">Submits a job to the job queue. The job number is automatically generated by the system.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rc4bbdda4b0a446078f74659d3d144557"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p298871410176"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177">DBMS_JOB.ISUBMIT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aef876d09186742e497f92bcde81123ec">Submits a job to the job queue. The job number is specified by the user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r07ee1db5b1a047f69ee0ef1245949769"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__afefd8b25dcfc466fa927b48de3744d72"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3">DBMS_JOB.REMOVE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__acbdb37b3f97a403e9953316531ac2ac1">Removes a job from the job queue by job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r2e1f09c3256245f2aa4fed455cff31e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p29897145171"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d">DBMS_JOB.BROKEN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a08e15a61a4284c57ade427db19009ac5">Disables or enables job execution.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rad2e599457b6480bbb6bf5f0269ab461"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a13a9ab770fbf47049cb3aafa8fe463f0"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2">DBMS_JOB.CHANGE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af8bbda2925954a88bf1f2fd0f133208a">Modifies user-definable attributes of a job, including the job description, next execution time, and execution interval.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r206b028870784b1fa70ff685690be1e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a486019f3375541fca44bbb676c29c726"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531">DBMS_JOB.WHAT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p698971411716">Modifies the job description of a job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rb9def7a9189d41fdabdf2659ae1230a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a19dcfd872ec142f99b93a0c37d263777"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173">DBMS_JOB.NEXT_DATE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aec20a24827b24b1896c575171df5438a">Modifies the next execution time of a job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r4e60c1bcef304a8ab28da6a87e9ecc8d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a80cdb4e7c4cc4fb884f3330a21ee1c72"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819">DBMS_JOB.INTERVAL</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a01e8011069d348709d026e9222d14d25">Modifies the execution interval of a job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__row119096115617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p161902068565"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li10457452125617">DBMS_JOB.CHANGE_OWNER</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.65%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p51904615617">Modifies the owner of a job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__u607fc384d9fe4fb7a9b7e37038632fc5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d"></a><a name="l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d"></a>DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a41d04ba14e9343cb88f90260adb9ebb0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d"></a><a name="l85682661a1bd46af81ba9226235eef0d"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270693213">SUBMIT</strong> submits a job provided by the system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p699021415175">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sb8d36799192d489ca54634c6480562d3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBMIT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">what</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">next_date</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job_interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'null'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__nc6eddb299e6044d28ab2bb0409be8258"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af57463010e6742cfb09b3d993dbbdd50">When a job is created (using DBMS_JOB), the system binds the current database and the username to the job by default. This function can be invoked by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270694122">call</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270694126">select</strong>. If you invoke this function by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270694139">select</strong>, there is no need to specify output parameters. To invoke this function within a stored procedure, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270694248">perform</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__tde9b3e49552d4cca9516e9b260bffb9b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r476842259e384e689f08f379593f3da0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.050000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a8cf87edb47864314a839bb1102434a19">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.480000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p685019219183">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.790000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p26135218181">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.71%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a9f732051c48143a0a2e8fe62135b83c9">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.970000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aeb23914785f248c3bf1ec6b9a63c8744">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r511d7b4f39394c85b04399669b858613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.050000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a7ca9e21fb8514e9eb7859cc1e50fcf48">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.480000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ad412fc5e16a6471bb55ca16af6dcf7cb">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p957081619192">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.71%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ad8552bbb5d8a4f94934cff523d2142d2">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.970000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae86b933ffc584ea8ad05ceaefe44da6c">SQL statement to be executed. One or multiple DMLs, anonymous blocks, and SQL statements that invoke stored procedures, or all three combined are supported.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ra096c2cc5d2842c6a733f3665696c27c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.050000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a9d5589130e38421f8e4f55ce28e47289">next_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.480000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af760f57fd9fd4baaa6d701904aea195c">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a7d67bc2944bd4881848abb5595aea7f2">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.71%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a2aba918e131846f580aafa499f28559d">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.970000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a432c933809f94f6a80b7e7e905ca676a">Specifies the next time the job will be executed. The default value is the current system time (sysdate). If the specified time has past, the job is executed at the time it is submitted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r0735175758164cd3b832701c605753a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.050000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p799141415179">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.480000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p157081610197">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__adc0766fd1e064a9fafd244f1b746f1e2">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.71%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p786686410718">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.970000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af176be401d904fff893356e1781d5056">Calculates the next time to execute the job. It can be an interval expression, or sysdate followed by a numeric value, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270695417">sysdate+1.0/24</strong>. If this parameter is left blank or set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b8423527069552">null</strong>, the job will be executed only once, and the job status will change to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270695549">'d'</strong> afterward.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r54ada03c3ed04636a424cbb51ab33114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.050000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab8314f34fab84e4aac7e907d61611736">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.480000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a9a87002098434ca7924971f936911f72">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a64c16ef02b67456192374214cf44cb19">OUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.71%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a9db96331c4be4170a08d69e3bdf351b3">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.970000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.1.4.1.5.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a67a60e6236bd42f083f38da8fa0fce40">Specifies the job number. The value ranges from 1 to 32767. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b8423527069589">dbms.submit</strong> is invoked using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270695827">select</strong>, this parameter can be skipped.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a1e056896f3ea4611bc32496c459692fb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s1b3f20021b0e4b6bb36e2ceb0d8158c5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBMIT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'call pro_xxx();'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20180101'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmdd'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'sysdate+1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBMIT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'call pro_xxx();'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20180101'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymmdd'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'sysdate+1.0/24'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SUBMIT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'INSERT INTO T_JOB  VALUES(1);  call pro_1(); call pro_2();'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'201701'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'yyyymm'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'date_trunc(''day'',SYSDATE) + 1 +(8*60+30.0)/(24*60)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">jobid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__u7f5508645609437f9c52e716cb5ce102"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177"></a>DBMS_JOB.ISUBMIT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae3bbd0f27d2f4c0892286a03defb7c11"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059779362_li49938144177"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610410">ISUBMIT</strong> has the same syntax function as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610415">SUBMIT</strong>, but the first parameter of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610424">ISUBMIT</strong> is an input parameter, that is, a specified job number. In contrast, that last parameter of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610447">SUBMIT</strong> is an output parameter, indicating the job number automatically generated by the system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p699361418171">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sb838484374e24a50b07f086578820a44"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isubmit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'insert_msg_statistic1;'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sysdate+3.0/24'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3"></a><a name="l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3"></a>DBMS_JOB.REMOVE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p14921268203"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3"></a><a name="l9193c99447214da584e9154fe77012d3"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610624">REMOVE</strong> deletes a specified job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ac8694b31c0d4419b8987f21b978bef2c">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.REMOVE function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s865d1876e94f488f8eb82764ab3d7a3e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">REMOVE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__t683b779427c143148b7ab9e9ba526bf8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>DBMS_JOB.REMOVE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r6809dd1a4c03459fb90e4cb2b6da4999"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.12%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aa4dbce694426439d9d605174ef748142">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a88b8ac5fd5c04715974e42bf41757d58">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.2%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p740218106212">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.36%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af595042ea56c4ab39659e926568a2f53">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.32%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p599401410176">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r8d0a15b7bd36411ebf48b89b02ac1e6f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.12%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae4a586f9bb86463b811c5407d5f02c33">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p163816101226">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.2%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p153841020221">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.36%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a86e50d6437704fdf81ad9220da0596f3">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.32%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.2.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ad7548d6365c043c993a11e8a612ac8ed">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p399431417178">For example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s4a9ce7f2ed6f4e528f90a28010217ccc">CALL dbms_job.remove(101);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d"></a><a name="le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d"></a>DBMS_JOB.BROKEN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aeb855ea59e924da8801c8c569e1828a6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d"></a><a name="le217bb90067e4bd5ae3182f23c3ce60d"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610102">BROKEN</strong> sets the broken flag of a job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae97017ac59bf4f61a5dd289c9874bc80">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.BROKEN function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s1cc36fb7a1c04bd595200b5e214dc5a0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BROKEN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">broken</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">next_date</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__t575d27db616a4446ba385b4f6226214d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>DBMS_JOB.BROKEN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__re13795582ab342438b87d319b04994f6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a26c220b859c4450cbf7db71b52062061">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.19%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a766026af3e4c4f0ba840c17b24cabd6c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.76%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aa8628fbb39ae4ea2834583ab0b653b26">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.5200000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a5cf4e423140c404fafb823aec14fd4fe">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.559999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a63f4b1dccc5842d399e370430052e022">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r9d7b4139ff3c4903a75d06bebaf8976c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a8ebd2c7b1bc14c38b1db315182dbbdf0">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a0cc87a624e2f4d3a91e0eac7a0da4ec5">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.76%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a3d10f30c08884adc8e2269a43cc93209">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.5200000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab0cc911890f34b0fb55ef20697acb788">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.559999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p299514147178">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r3742c9e8a7784f7b8aa8772beb2b096c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab86f04e4cccc4fad9ad28173834d1a0e">broken</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af9add48d0b964d9189ca03221102668f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__text9717182172715">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.76%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a54921ea496e2441086da024edf2f01db">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.5200000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a364573d47fa34d858c6c81fac1f678c6">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.559999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a60c24daf5f684a0cb1f61b6dedaabeb2">Specifies the status flag, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706101236">true</strong> for broken and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706101233">false</strong> for not broken. Setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b841965791101655">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1829224773101655">false</strong> updates the current job. If the parameter is left blank, the job status remains unchanged.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__re3fced34c4f444d984c2a01221c794e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a2b82748bf5024d4f818697e440c96dce">next_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p23679165237">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.76%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p536717161235">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.5200000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a4ad80ca4a11842b4a44bb2d397f1f7d5">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.559999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.3.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p139962147178">Specifies the next execution time. The default is the current system time. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706102350">broken</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610249">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b99440916102754">next_date</strong> is updated to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706102455">'4000-1-1'</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b2128429207102528">broken</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706102535">false</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706102613">next_date</strong> is not empty, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1958507888102631">next_date</strong> is updated for the job. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b27583509110273">next_date</strong> is empty, it will not be updated. This parameter can be omitted, and its default value will be used in this case.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p999641419177">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sac7d8ff090cd4bdeaf79b2e54f9952fb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">broken</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">broken</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2"></a><a name="l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2"></a>DBMS_JOB.CHANGE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p313652519239"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2"></a><a name="l408aea6e0872490ea15e558542cf46d2"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610300">CHANGE</strong> modifies user-definable attributes of a job, including the job content, next-execution time, and execution interval.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aba3b7ac6978840ceb18283996b2aa54b">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.CHANGE function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s9e3058f2752d427c86d82bf06588f4b8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CHANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">what</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">next_date</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__t06dea1bb99644737ac32bbef332abe85" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>DBMS_JOB.CHANGE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rf9005d76f8584be2b21840277e4e2107"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.120000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p799711145171">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.31%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p77549574233">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.44%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a2c03796ca5574fdd9c70aa7f9ddbb07e">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__acfc938e56f8c4acda89daa896b98ef77">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.28%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab5da364613d24cfe845449df977d0b33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rcc70de7ac7cd49be90c7be3ca8e426e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.120000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aa0037f6f69b34563a10c919831030282">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.31%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p575417578231">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.44%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a74d236f24e4e4e8794a8ff6c1c6020cc">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a6fc72d5e5c044137a1aa920d749b6c2c">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.28%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a3cb983100a1c4fb297d5f45c1eef9a73">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rd7eefa64e6384106a738427facf65567"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.120000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a2e4094cca5094b2cb1701061068c9944">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.31%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p117545575232">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.44%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p117543578232">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a3cd6171c660c42d7b60a60fc9a4ede18">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.28%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p29987145175">Specifies the name of the stored procedure or SQL statement block that is executed. If this parameter is left blank, the system does not update the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706103658">what</strong> parameter for the specified job. Otherwise, the system updates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1099797297103734">what</strong> parameter for the specified job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r80939d96257c4c5aa77da24110c9e690"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.120000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p59981143177">next_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.31%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a3cad63999a4948409c1496a5ee5d3b77">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.44%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a74d0fbad2f8a4cb4821b78d5747fdaff">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae4c0f59ee92d4477a9d6db095e47b6cf">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.28%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ad8a7697280204c1fb0eecbbedc4a72f6">Specifies the next execution time. If this parameter is left blank, the system does not update the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1981389683103841">next_date</strong> parameter for the specified job. Otherwise, the system updates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b431083721103841">next_date</strong> parameter for the specified job.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r6a34984ce64949b6966d896b09ee193d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.120000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__aa724235842364deab7107d7b3fb55a33">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.31%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae0a91076a62f4a7eb1be77334f684086">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.44%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p775417572235">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a1791040bbdc041389f42cec47616c91f">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.28%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a8f62ed8b9e11439cbf5f459245df913f">Specifies the time expression for calculating the next time the job will be executed. If this parameter is left blank, the system does not update the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b91188118104014">interval</strong> parameter for the specified job. Otherwise, the system updates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b160698628210412">interval</strong> parameter for the specified job after necessary validity check. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1903499837">null</strong>, the job will be executed only once, and the job status will change to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1857927339">'d'</strong> afterward.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__acd523d5f28c640b896eca3a3214fcb7a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s68382d685f4b4f35aad37edfc63cda6d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">change</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'call userproc();'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sysdate + 1.0/1440'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">change</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'insert into tbl_a values(sysdate);'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sysdate + 1.0/1440'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531"></a><a name="lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531"></a>DBMS_JOB.WHAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab44c7088ec454c16bc32f8dfdadbd44e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531"></a><a name="lcdae9678ae524e92b48962c7caf0d531"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706104359">WHAT</strong> modifies the procedures to be executed by a specified job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__acd2c280b9f87417f80659d89c0790860">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.WHAT function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s9a004fb07795402f93b13324d3beb88d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WHAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">what</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__td35f93725a0e431ebe9969f91b4d74d5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>DBMS_JOB.WHAT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_row5041561718"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.12%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__afd1507504e2748ce98e8a0ca25d96d3c">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.01%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a1e529ceedd8e4fe19af5286db71071d5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.620000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a116d545fe2a244b8b64e02929b466264">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a710e640865f548e387e6029400cd848a">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.7%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p110111541715">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r550bd49b4d70420785fe7e0cc9a47c5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.12%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p180151520177">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.01%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a0c2b33a3089e424db829482e087df247">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.620000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a97a74e21206b47d49cd3c6a4bd681c82">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a65128c401fa44caa8331cd39e968e5fb">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.7%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p205154175">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_row2011513173"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.12%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p6115153173">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.01%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a6fced4083ebb457fa8da13ae56567855">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.620000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__acef24188616b4ffc91a8917e7eabacb7">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a0500d6de3cf549aeb5a09486213b6873">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.7%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p1318151172">Specifies the name of the stored procedure or SQL statement block that is executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__n43f3b88690624d4b8d053e6e6141ace1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ul16154943104112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li1154154324120">If the value specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270610483">what</strong> parameter is one or multiple executable SQL statements, program blocks, or stored procedures, this procedure can be executed successfully; otherwise, it will fail to be executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li1215413433411">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b278114462105610">what</strong> parameter is a simple statement such as insert and update, a schema name must be added in front of the table name.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p13112151179">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s0e7cc07066eb42d79efa7772db4a7c43"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'call userproc();'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'insert into tbl_a values(sysdate);'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173"></a>DBMS_JOB.NEXT_DATE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ae7858af4808b411784d846262a3668e9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059779362_li5112157173"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b842352706105828">NEXT_DATE</strong> modifies the next-execution time attribute of a job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p182115151718">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.NEXT_DATE function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sf94cb56a46f64219a13a358539492d29"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NEXT_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">next_date</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__t1814a1dcc4b04fcf8f2529ef1c6c590d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 7 </b>DBMS_JOB.NEXT_DATE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_row9251519172"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.558644135586443%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p4271551719">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.1985801419858%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p42972412518">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.988701129887009%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p92917247254">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.10828917108289%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a739d78a06e2740678ad5d8b7b15dfb6b">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.14578542145785%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a79e464d322c54c6bb852e65a02915eba">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_row6216155171"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.558644135586443%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p12121561714">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.1985801419858%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p229624162515">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.988701129887009%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p132962417258">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.10828917108289%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a75d64f47168640ffb81105cd575c5f0d">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.14578542145785%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p121315131714">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_row6391551717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.558644135586443%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p113615111717">next_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.1985801419858%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p529524172512">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.988701129887009%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p82917248250">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.10828917108289%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ab8915de4bc034ce1a738eaa2504b33bb">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.14578542145785%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p1738151173">Specifies the next execution time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__n5e3f1e3161794c398ee2ee53d14f06d7"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a263e37811a94413785ed69093b5e502e">If the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611049">next_date</strong> value is earlier than the current date, the job is executed once immediately.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p53201514175">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sb34a2e3dc0ea4599b90c4d306f258c06"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819"></a><a name="l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819"></a>DBMS_JOB.INTERVAL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a8b19311efc254d1e8a897cfd09cfe774"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819"></a><a name="l9403a7623efd44968cda762baf5b3819"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611134">INTERVAL</strong> modifies the execution interval attribute of a job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p183111561712">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.INTERVAL function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__s0df7030c3e054777bdbd13e12f4ee7ad"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__t72df9b3debab419e85f787ccb935321c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 8 </b>DBMS_JOB.INTERVAL interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rc3ceb2c9eed643e2b7c11a3357a9792d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.420000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p19314155179">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.82%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p037419612262">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.12%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a3f1b0a199e6f4067bb7ad6228388a23d">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.409999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a78f11058dd26492b82dca31127832032">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.230000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p6321515172">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__r6468251b5fe24a7f91a3a454df42cb11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.420000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p834151178">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p237416182620">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.12%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p937513612615">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.409999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__adc15a8ae6c0e48249773817c749384e2">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.230000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p53815161716">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__rb0c96b656fea410480b6b6287e5bd407"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.420000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p14410153176">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.82%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p53751611261">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.12%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p113751462262">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.409999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__af5541460e3da4729ae7a3f68ade70e41">Yes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.230000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.7.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a5fe77488a626431daa2105fd3585a5c5">Specifies the time expression for calculating the next time the job will be executed. If this parameter is left blank or set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b126678167">null</strong>, the job will be executed only once, and the job status will change to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b78436003">'d'</strong> afterward. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611358">interval</strong> must be a valid time or interval type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_p16411531720">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sb49408e3ed804c58a6eee83e9ecf9ca5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sysdate + 1.0/1440'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ncadba89ef7ac45fd948bd7befc1bcb19"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__a8398e054a78d4d8088fd9c894527f2e4">For a job that is currently running (that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611655">job_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b8423527061170">'r'</strong>), it is not allowed to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611823">remove</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611827">change</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611833">next_date</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611839">what</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b84235270611844">interval</strong> to delete or modify job parameters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__ul1123724417562"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li10457452125617"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li10457452125617"></a><a name="li10457452125617"></a>DBMS_JOB.CHANGE_OWNER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p845795265616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__li10457452125617"></a><a name="li10457452125617"></a>The stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b176418429579">CHANGE_OWNER</strong> modifies the owner of a job.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p64571052205612">A prototype of the DBMS_JOB.CHANGE_OWNER function is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__screen16457652105618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DMBS_JOB</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CHANGE_OWNER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">job</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__table345755215562" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 9 </b>DBMS_JOB.CHANGE_OWNER interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__row345745275615"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p114575525560">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p245719525564">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p18457185220564">Input/Output Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p10457452105618">Can Be Empty</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p20458145295612">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__row745816523563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p1545816521566">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p18795113595912">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p2458155275612">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p9458145285619">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p6458205255617">Specifies the job number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__row9458185215614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p1545813523569">new_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p13458115235613">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p1845835285617">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p94581052105610">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p134581952135614">Specifies the new username.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__p74581752195618">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__screen1245885217569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">change_owner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'alice'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__sbed30cc3a816483d8c9f0a6fe2141a43"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__o65510f82dd004c3bb422568b13312e1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l6bd2c51294404a448d7972c74047785e">After a new job is created, this job belongs to the current coordinator only, that is, this job can be scheduled and executed only on the current coordinator. Other coordinators will not schedule or execute this job. All coordinators can query, modify, and delete jobs created on other CNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__le2a375c0029e4fdda4d0459e9a7703bd">Create, update, and delete jobs only using the procedures provided by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b1892662910210">DBMS_JOB</strong> package. These procedures synchronize job information between different CNs and associate primary keys between the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b13119125410502">pg_jobs</strong> tables. If you use DML statements to add, delete, or modify records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b74015588500">pg_jobs</strong> table, job information will become inconsistent between CNs and system catalogs may fail to be associated, compromising internal job management.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__en-us_topic_0059779362_li17417204356">Each user-created task is bound to a CN. If the automatic migration function is not enabled, task statuses cannot be updated in real time when the CN is faulty during task execution. When a CN fails, all jobs on this CN cannot be scheduled or executed until the CN is restored manually. Enable the automatic migration function on CNs, so that jobs on the faulty CN will be migrated to other CNs for scheduling.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l0674ccd1c6f94365a7bc8f807f909185">For each job, the hosting CN updates the real-time job information (including the job status, last execution start time, last execution end time, next execution start time, the number of execution failures if any) to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b8423527069566">pg_jobs</strong> table, and synchronizes the information to other CNs, ensuring consistent job information between different CNs. In the case of CN failures, job information synchronization is reattempted by the hosting CNs, which increases job execution time. Although job information fails to be synchronized between CNs, job information can still be properly updated in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b15602943145119">pg_jobs</strong> table on the hosting CNs, and jobs can be executed successfully. After a CN recovers, job information such as job execution time and status in its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__b14408245216">pg_jobs</strong> table may be incorrect and will be updated only after the jobs are executed again on related CNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814595__l63b8c691fdea4c269d3a1bdc4e302fbc">For each job, a thread is established to execute it. If multiple jobs are triggered concurrently as scheduled, the system will need some time to start the required threads, resulting in a latency of 0.1 ms in job execution.</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBMS_SQL</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__section17922102013106"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Related Interfaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1026317138113"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table11636114145319">Table 1</a> lists interfaces supported by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b634041125410">DBMS_SQL</strong> package.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table11636114145319"></a><a name="table11636114145319"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table11636114145319" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBMS_SQL</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row136371245536"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p76374415318">API</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p46371245539">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row88036383342"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1336474915574"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1531162015334">DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p172071957163417">Opens a cursor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row19637114165312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1982515462548"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li156795412510">DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1093695512571">Closes an open cursor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row92244253237"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p13196455162316"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li2228125392012">DBMS_SQL.PARSE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p67847152414">Transmits a group of SQL statements to a cursor. Currently, only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b20696124445711">SELECT</strong> statement is supported.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row17555112918238"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p205551329102313"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55721712815">DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p10555329152312">Performs a set of dynamically defined operations on the cursor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row477818911234"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p198812176247"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li126241517289">DBMS_SQL.FETCHE_ROWS</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p88283468541">Reads a row of cursor data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row19251842114013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p19315153712515"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li93441630193318">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p138269460540">Dynamically defines a column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row11387202613320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p155811500176"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li15241105533618">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p910677541">Dynamically defines a column of the CHAR type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row374744118313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p788964691819"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1061171414373">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_INT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p113998141045">Dynamically defines a column of the INT type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row11954163719316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1442571717712"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li3604521153710">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1439317199418">Dynamically defines a column of the LONG type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row34971734637"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p108841843013"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17405103123711">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_RAW</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9827204614549">Dynamically defines a column of the RAW type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row848814291435"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p108001844670"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li163691742193714">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_TEXT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p61920331241">Dynamically defines a column of the TEXT type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row179612036154013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1931652971"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li8476651143718">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_UNKNOWN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p660314402044">Dynamically defines a column of an unknown type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row2063720415316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p998618361573"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li182631611152817">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p159511901571">Reads a dynamically defined column value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1763710416539"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p829561010345"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55491765289">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p582519462549">Reads a dynamically defined column value of the CHAR type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row36371244533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1055094283413"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li169604123012">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_INT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6826646105412">Reads a dynamically defined column value of the INT type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row263744165316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p14771455163416"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li9209325173117">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_LONG</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p08261946155419">Reads a dynamically defined column value of the LONG type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row11637144155313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p848612912583"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1644815212328">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_RAW</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p682684611544">Reads a dynamically defined column value of the RAW type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row863744125314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p124011623193514"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li5561542153219">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_TEXT</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p158261146175420">Reads a dynamically defined column value of the TEXT type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row16372425318"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p637175105810"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li13946783337">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_UNKNOWN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1482614625417">Reads a dynamically defined column value of an unknown type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row14638184135315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.06999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p10445184617019"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17449205852910">DBMS_SQL.IS_OPEN</a></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p8166163011116">Checks whether a cursor is opened.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__note648394593311"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__ul273704934618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17371249154611">You are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b176201359172919">dbms_sql.define_column</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b11978393017">dbms_sql.column_value</strong> to define columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li26162118528">If the size of the result set is greater than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b112621042171912">work_mem</strong>, the result set will be flushed to disk. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b898164272018">work_mem</strong> must be no greater than 512 MB.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__ul13112201331"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1531162015334"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1531162015334"></a><a name="li1531162015334"></a>DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1518916140523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1531162015334"></a><a name="li1531162015334"></a>This function opens a cursor and is the prerequisite for the subsequent dbms_sql operations. This function does not transfer any parameter. It automatically generates cursor IDs in an ascending order and returns values to integer variables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p146214294565">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b420124752619">DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen136699131847"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">OPEN_CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li156795412510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li156795412510"></a><a name="li156795412510"></a>DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p3787043638"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li156795412510"></a><a name="li156795412510"></a>This function closes a cursor. It is the end of each dbms_sql operation. If this function is not invoked when the stored procedure ends, the memory is still occupied by the cursor. Therefore, remember to close a cursor when you do not need to use it. If an exception occurs, the stored procedure exits but the cursor is not closed. Therefore, you are advised to include this interface in the exception handling of the stored procedure.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p421116281234">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1225145816265">DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR</strong> is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen1821132862314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CLOSE_CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table105061410179" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row551181419177"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1651171418173">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1151914121716">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row20511914111717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p175111417174">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p125171410176">ID of the cursor to be closed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__ul547155218206"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li2228125392012"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li2228125392012"></a><a name="li2228125392012"></a>DBMS_SQL.PARSE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p11813182252815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li2228125392012"></a><a name="li2228125392012"></a>This function parses the query statement of a given cursor. The input query statement is executed immediately. Currently, only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b06499180330">SELECT</strong> query statement can be parsed. The statement parameters can be transferred only through the TEXT type. The length cannot exceed 1 GB.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p189881527194716">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1549948192710">DBMS_SQL.PARSE</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen1498842719472"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PARSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">query_string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">label</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table7984164412224" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>DBMS_SQL.PARSE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row49841944112216"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p18984124417229">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p209842440223">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1998454417224"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9984204414226">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p59841644142218">ID of the cursor whose query statement is parsed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1098411443223"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p20985174415221">query_string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p11985744152219">Query statements to be parsed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1898564420220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1198514412221">language_flag</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p19855442224">Version language number. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b11804185223618">1</strong> is supported.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55721712815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55721712815"></a><a name="li55721712815"></a>DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p19540105218284"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55721712815"></a><a name="li55721712815"></a>This function executes a given cursor. This function receives a cursor ID. The obtained data after is used for subsequent operations. Currently, only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b356052383815">SELECT</strong> query statement can be executed.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1332417100366">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1033519205271">DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen103241510153617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table34211352454" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row3428355459"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p17424355450">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2042123514511">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1442163564510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p34218351452">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6420357459">ID of the cursor whose query statement is parsed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li126241517289"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li126241517289"></a><a name="li126241517289"></a>DBMS_SQL.FETCHE_ROWS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p4314168172910"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li126241517289"></a><a name="li126241517289"></a>This function returns the number of data rows that meet query conditions. Each time the interface is executed, the system obtains a set of new rows until all data is read.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p152503015017">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1049731142711">DBMS_SQL.FETCHE_ROWS</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen182553035018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FETCHE_ROWS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table122351912115210" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row7236712125216"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1723612128523">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p11236141225216">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row4236101216527"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p14236101212525">curosorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1623681215214">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li93441630193318"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li93441630193318"></a><a name="li93441630193318"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1549216589248"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li93441630193318"></a><a name="li93441630193318"></a>This function defines columns returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b188581154114512">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1231452511384">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1839814219274">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen9314152513810"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_ref</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ANYELEMENT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_size</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table62711212164315" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row62721112204320"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p62721012124317">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p527213126432">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row8272101212438"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p16988545194310">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p627211294317">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row627231234317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1327251217437">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p152724124432">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row182726127439"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p172721312154313">column_ref</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p12272181264310">Variable of any type. You can select an appropriate interface to dynamically define columns based on variable types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row15272012204317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2272151213431">column_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p52720120435">Length of a defined column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li15241105533618"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li15241105533618"></a><a name="li15241105533618"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1034591103216"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li15241105533618"></a><a name="li15241105533618"></a>This function defines columns of the CHAR type returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b6600172513">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p19311221144417">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b115661052152717">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen631172174412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">column</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_size</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table191631422134618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 7 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row151632022174612"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p18163182214464">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p3163182219464">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1816392234611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p816312220465">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9163112220462">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1416314225466"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p316314228461">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2163122224610">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row91631722104612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1816382234617">column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1216322264620">Parameter to be defined</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1516322211469"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p131639225468">column_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9163422184616">Length of a dynamically defined column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1061171414373"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1061171414373"></a><a name="li1061171414373"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_INT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p12772225133613"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1061171414373"></a><a name="li1061171414373"></a>This function defines columns of the INT type returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b84581610175912">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1790218590461">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b42814519282">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_INT</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen6902125910468"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_INT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table4844143019471" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 8 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_INT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row684523015477"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p16845203013471">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p68457307472">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row5845193010477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9845830114714">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p8845830124715">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row884513011475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p98451730114715">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p7845193012479">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li3604521153710"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li3604521153710"></a><a name="li3604521153710"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p11261250153614"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li3604521153710"></a><a name="li3604521153710"></a>This function defines columns of a long type (not LONG) returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b11386153511011">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type. The maximum size of a long column is 1 GB.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2435175994810">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b184314168285">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen1343510592482"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table16880142320498" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 9 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_LONG interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row178811423104911"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p18810238493">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p8881122320497">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row15881223144913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p78811233499">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p20882223194919">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row3882152384914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p188213235494">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p89131892309">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17405103123711"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17405103123711"></a><a name="li17405103123711"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_RAW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p161863910416"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17405103123711"></a><a name="li17405103123711"></a>This function defines columns of the RAW type returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1282615412215">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p75651710175019">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b858363417281">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_RAW</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen155662010185020"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_RAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">column</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BYTEA</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_size</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table1566410115015" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 10 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_RAW interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row556731065016"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p17567121012502">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1356719104502">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row12567161012503"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p15567121018503">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p16567510135019">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row656711095013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6567810125015">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p106523718308">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row19568111016503"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p17568510145017">column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p4568171010502">Parameter of the RAW type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1156891014504"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2568161075018">column_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1956815107500">Column length</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li163691742193714"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li163691742193714"></a><a name="li163691742193714"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_TEXT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p92931919134520"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li163691742193714"></a><a name="li163691742193714"></a>This function defines columns of the TEXT type returned from a given cursor and can be used only for the cursors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b10748137655">SELECT</strong>. The defined columns are identified by the relative positions in the query list. The data type of the input variable determines the column type.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p04531836514">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b04501644152810">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_TEXT</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen445343115117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">max_size</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table1545320385115" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 11 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_TEXT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row74532039518"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p945418375110">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p154541139519">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row64548385113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p14541355117">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2045413316510">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row144540395111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1645411345115">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p20734229349">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row34559365115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1645520315514">max_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p124555318516">Maximum length of the defined TEXT type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li8476651143718"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li8476651143718"></a><a name="li8476651143718"></a>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_UNKNOWN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6476451193719"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li8476651143718"></a><a name="li8476651143718"></a>This function processes columns of unknown data types returned from a given cursor and is used only for the system to report an error and exist when the type cannot be identified.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1999111215538">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1595485482819">DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_UNKNOWN</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen16993124535"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">column</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table209981220534" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 12 </b>DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_UNKNOWN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row9100612165314"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p17100201225316">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6100111212537">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row151006126531"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p410031218532">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1810014129531">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row201001012115313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p131009129531">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p893915264349">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row14100312115313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p3100121255315">column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p18100101212531">Dynamically defined parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li182631611152817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li182631611152817"></a><a name="li182631611152817"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p3960124582914"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li182631611152817"></a><a name="li182631611152817"></a>This function returns the cursor element value specified by a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p3414141565417">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b182625682914">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen7414171515419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_value</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ANYELEMENT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ANYELEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table14141615165415" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 13 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row184144152542"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p11414115145414">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6414131505418">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row141571515413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2041551516549">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p541571519544">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row18415191565410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p741517153547">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p156627310341">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row13415191515419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1041511515413">column_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p941853510814">Return value of a defined column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55491765289"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55491765289"></a><a name="li55491765289"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p189751256115715"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li55491765289"></a><a name="li55491765289"></a>This function returns the value of the CHAR type in a specified position of a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p15976165695718">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1425016216244">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen1597635618572"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_value</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHARACTER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">err_num</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">actual_length</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RECORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table2976175612571" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 14 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1897612569572"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p597715645719">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p119771856165710">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1897755619579"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2977195619576">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p297711566573">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row99775567571"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p14977165695711">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1977205675711">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row18977256145719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1844994713017">column_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1297815610571">Return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row34711434402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p247110341012">err_num</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p147116348015">Error No. It is an output parameter and the argument must be a variable. Currently, the output value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b598601210311">–1</strong> regardless of the argument.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row473818385010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p173816381014">actual_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1173818381102">Length of a return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li169604123012"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li169604123012"></a><a name="li169604123012"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_INT<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p83235191215"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li169604123012"></a><a name="li169604123012"></a>This function returns the value of the INT type in a specified position of a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS. The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b184317144241">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_INT</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen4323141917119"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_INT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table1032351912114" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 15 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_INT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1032410194120"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p133243191117">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p432421917114">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row63241819819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9324819515">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p532414193111">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row13324319218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1632431910119">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.13.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p33251719719">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li9209325173117"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li9209325173117"></a><a name="li9209325173117"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_LONG<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p784719434216"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li9209325173117"></a><a name="li9209325173117"></a>This function returns the value of a long type (not LONG or BIGINT) in a specified position of a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6847643429">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1790062522411">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_LONG</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen1284714431824"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_LONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">length</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">off_set</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_value</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">actual_length</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RECORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table68481943123" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 16 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_LONG interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row684854310215"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1984817431822">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p6848174316217">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row98488434219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p78481643420">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1884910439210">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row48491843321"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p208497431325">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p8820205023418">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row461382014518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p861342016516">length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1061317201655">Length of a return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row184914431227"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p24501339558">off_set</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p158499436217">Start position of a return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row118491643423"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1284910431427">column_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1784919431627">Return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1984914310210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p7849184320211">actual_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p484911436219">Length of a return value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1644815212328"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1644815212328"></a><a name="li1644815212328"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_RAW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p387713462062"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li1644815212328"></a><a name="li1644815212328"></a>This function returns the value of the RAW type in a specified position of a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p387712461661">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b0862737182413">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_RAW</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen17878104618618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_RAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column_value</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BYTEA</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">err_num</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">actual_length</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">INOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RECORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table128781461863" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 17 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_RAW interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row68781746766"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p7879144620614">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p78794461768">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1987918461061"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p88790460618">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p48791646263">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1687984614618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p148791462620">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p8243955183411">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row88790462610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1487954614617">column_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p2880246865">Returned column value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row18880184616617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p78801346863">err_num</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p188017469616">Error No. It is an output parameter and the argument must be a variable. Currently, the output value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b181932063118">–1</strong> regardless of the argument.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1288014618617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p198801846664">actual_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1788013464616">Length of a return value. The value longer than this length will be truncated.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li5561542153219"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li5561542153219"></a><a name="li5561542153219"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_TEXT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1153113718918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li5561542153219"></a><a name="li5561542153219"></a>This function returns the value of the TEXT type in a specified position of a cursor and accesses the data obtained by DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1253112371491">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b11529426112519">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_TEXT</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen15315371396"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_TEXT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table653283714911" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 18 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_TEXT interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row65326371297"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1353318374918">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p353363710920">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row16533203711917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p75330373918">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1553311371694">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row55332037790"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p4533837291">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.16.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p158455584344">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li13946783337"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li13946783337"></a><a name="li13946783337"></a>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_UNKNOWN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1684182101312"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li13946783337"></a><a name="li13946783337"></a>This function returns the value of an unknown type in a specified position of a cursor. This is an error handling interface when the type is not unknown.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p768420281315">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b11205124910259">DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_UNKNOWN</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen186854220138"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">COLUMN_VALUE_UNKNOWN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">position</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">COLUMN_TYPE</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table16851925133" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 19 </b>DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_UNKNOWN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1568514210133"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p368610261319">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p26861211315">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row4686020137"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p106867212139">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p15686182121316">ID of the cursor to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row168620281318"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p196876219132">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p178058103515">Position of a dynamically defined column in the query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row6877159101415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p18877994149">column_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p987810915146">Returned parameter type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17449205852910"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__li17449205852910"></a><a name="li17449205852910"></a>DBMS_SQL.IS_OPEN</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p1315633101420">This function returns the status of a cursor: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b1060419124111">open</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b14356075412">parse</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b187516107412">execute</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b5461521184113">define</strong>. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b165838514425">TRUE</strong>. If the status is unknown, an error is reported. In other cases, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b16247105124410">FALSE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p03157333142">The function prototype of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__b148208294261">DBMS_SQL.IS_OPEN</strong> is:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__screen131543318147"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBMS_SQL</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IS_OPEN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__table16315173311410" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 20 </b>DBMS_SQL.IS_OPEN interface parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row831693321416"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p153161337146">Parameter Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.8.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p9316633181419">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__row1231673341416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p931603314142">cursorid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__p731753341417">ID of the cursor to be queried</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__s5d1715f6c42b451c9afaef512eeec772"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694949__sa7009ce6d0294bad92d07bd771111342"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Perform operations on RAW data in a stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_02</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_raw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">v_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">execute_ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">define_column_ret_raw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">define_column_ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">drop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_tb1_02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_tb1_02</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_tb1_02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HEXTORAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'DEADBEEE'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_tb1_02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">in_raw</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select * from pro_dbms_sql_all_tb1_02 order by 1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Open a cursor.</span>
+<span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">open_cursor</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Compile the cursor.</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Define a column.</span>
+<span class="n">define_column_ret</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">define_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">define_column_ret_raw</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">define_column_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_info</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Execute the cursor.</span>
+<span class="n">execute_ret</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">loop</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">exit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetch_rows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Obtain values.</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">column_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">column_value_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_info</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_in</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">v_offset</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Output the result.</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'id:'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' info:'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_info</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Close the cursor.</span>
+<span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">close_cursor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursorid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_02</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HEXTORAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'DEADBEEF'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the stored procedure.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_dbms_sql_all_02</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0550.html">Advanced Packages</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Debugging</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s2a042ac6634c47ccae0afc4e4b17a214"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a1ea9396e3c8c48c791d283b38c806a81">RAISE has the following five syntax formats:</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__fa56a6322eed74300a50ab67c80ae2440"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>raise_format::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0059777683_i573a9b906a4f45b7b1b85a57947822f1" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145695049.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__fbc6a866b0a164aefa3cc4942c2f57454"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>raise_condition::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0059777683_i68c3fe73f8bc418d95fa62d461e70fb5" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145814977.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__f830cdde921964751a34d50f7b862ee24"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>raise_sqlstate::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0059777683_i4d8ea76bd48a43ca9f57f16ca8f68918" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098655300.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__fe96016e576674cf590b9acdf5c67f02d"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>raise_option::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0059777683_i4e5b515f37e74e49a75b99af103f1045" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098975112.png"></span></div>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__f24b430299840491494e4d22126e8d87e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__f24b430299840491494e4d22126e8d87e"></a><a name="f24b430299840491494e4d22126e8d87e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 5 </b>raise::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0059777683_ie2255504f2fa45628ca4ac4617fe67f7" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145895095.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a69586da2eba1411485c6e82e68eb45f4">Parameter description:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__u538cc37accd44112b84c9d22c9304db0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__lc43c17a8443e4bc68667968280433979">The level option is used to specify the error level, that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b6555104217159">DEBUG</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b5308847417159">LOG</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b803421917159">INFO</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b519911217159">NOTICE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b4679200817159">WARNING</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b1847489417159">EXCEPTION</strong> (default). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b3205632217159">EXCEPTION</strong> throws an error that normally terminates the current transaction and the others only generate information at their levels. The <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a> and <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3">client_min_messages</a> parameters control whether the error messages of specific levels are reported to the client and are written to the server log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__ldd9355d37c7f4e45beb912ea1641b1d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b235133917159">format</strong>: specifies the error message text to be reported, a format character string. The format character string can be appended with an expression for insertion to the message text. In a format character string, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b2116205217159">%</strong> is replaced by the parameter value attached to format and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b5624074617159">%%</strong> is used to print <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b3640466917159">%</strong>. For example:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s68dbe97a3fea465dbfc45b0857102b0b">--v_job_id replaces % in the character string.
+RAISE NOTICE 'Calling cs_create_job(%)',v_job_id;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__l5820ab9c60de46cfa000cfb56fa87f14">option = expression: inserts additional information to an error report. The keyword option can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b44987517159">MESSAGE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b404888317159">DETAIL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b3643995317159">HINT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b5952412617159">ERRCODE</strong>, and each expression can be any character string.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__ua0ff84a51a254102b81d7076578e083e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__l56953010049141829d426d26e97c2505">MESSAGE: specifies the error message text. This option cannot be used in a RAISE statement that contains a format character string in front of USING.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__la21e3f717e374b62b1679514428b1d32">DETAIL: specifies detailed information of an error.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__l96e54cfbb4644a9e8cdc984c3f8ced2d">HINT: prints hint information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__lf3071b2e925644ef95cb6cb2e1a07568"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b3682313017159">ERRCODE</strong>: designates an error code (SQLSTATE) to a report. A condition name or a five-character SQLSTATE error code can be used.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__l02fc83fb04e14ad3a874e7e87e65aed2">condition_name: specifies the condition name corresponding to the error code.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__l55a9add3c8c44943a3cdb84bcfe3b396">sqlstate: specifies the error code.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a28656b6b753d4eb28dd1cbf290fbc932">If neither a condition name nor an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b1467256917159">SQLSTATE</strong> is designated in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b6494426317159">RAISE EXCEPTION</strong> command, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b4762745617159">RAISE EXCEPTION (P0001)</strong> is used by default. If no message text is designated, the condition name or SQLSTATE is used as the message text by default.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__n8c72a2f0a7f441929609a691a3ef1a98"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a5a147b36b5f54089ae68db2f336080da">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b2403293117331">SQLSTATE</strong> designates an error code, the error code is not limited to a defined error code. It can be any error code containing five digits or ASCII uppercase rather than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b1496979517331">00000</strong>. Do not use an error code ended with three zeros because this kind of error codes are type codes and can be captured by the whole category.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__n3357b83cd7f24ce49a48aea71bacb3ba"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a28655dd1bcac43ffaad926df4c53cb4c">The syntax described in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__f24b430299840491494e4d22126e8d87e">Figure 5</a> does not append any parameter. This form is used only for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b4484980917159">EXCEPTION</strong> statement in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b99509817159">BEGIN</strong> block so that the error can be re-processed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s395f5316a90b4b39a956f85cad136431"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__aebc3f70c0f87482c9d9537ae98abf745">Display error and hint information when a transaction terminates:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s2dacc5742f104d5f8f70e54d26f45da8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raise1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">RAISE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCEPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Noexistence ID --&gt; %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Please check your user ID'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raise1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">300011</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Execution result:</span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Noexistence</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--&gt; 300011</span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Please</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">check</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">your</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__aa31c6135f50c4dc3bc3064b528068f9b">Two methods are available for setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__en-us_topic_0027043000_b4637828017412">SQLSTATE</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s45e4cd90a6e94d659bad5432f8ee054b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raise2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">RAISE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Duplicate user ID: %'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ERRCODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'unique_violation'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="err">\</span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VERBOSITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">verbose</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_raise2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">300011</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Execution result:</span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Duplicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">300011</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SQLSTATE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23505</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">exec_stmt_raise</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pl_exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cpp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3482</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a86db198ebf5f4a5589c055f322cc85ea">If the main parameter is a condition name or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__b13349155393211">SQLSTATE</strong>, the following applies:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a5dce3924b2df41038bb3c519474f52cc">RAISE division_by_zero;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__acb7613531b8846f8899f761545a67c49">RAISE SQLSTATE '22012';</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a3aee8ad6cf254cf7b3512ca07b3fbeb8">For example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s21d6bf6c13fa448f8e021922b0f5a964">CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE division(div in integer, dividend in integer) 
+AS 
+DECLARE 
+res int; 
+    BEGIN 
+    IF dividend=0 THEN 
+        RAISE division_by_zero; 
+        RETURN; 
+    ELSE 
+        res := div/dividend; 
+        RAISE INFO 'division result: %', res;
+        RETURN; 
+    END IF; 
+    END; 
+/
+call division(3,0);
+
+-- Execution result:
+ERROR:  division_by_zero</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__a1411541a0afb464faa868806c4cb1264">Alternatively:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654698__s6305fadf550b4552b8b47344540bdac8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">RAISE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unique_violation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MESSAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Duplicate user ID: '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0559.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0559.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06acd69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0559.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134478"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134478"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Catalogs and System Views</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0560.html">Overview of System Catalogs and System Views</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0560.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0560.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82e0f577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0560.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview of System Catalogs and System Views</h1>
+<div id="body1536647564178"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__p169110482018">System catalogs are used by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__text101131122131413">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to store structure metadata. They are a core component the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__text21144224141">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database system and provide control information for the database system. These system catalogs contain cluster installation information and information about various queries and processes in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__text052322413143">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. You can collect information about the database by querying the system catalog.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__en-us_topic_0059778672_p22396315278">System views provide ways to query system catalogs and internal database status. If some columns in one or more tables in a database are frequently searched for, an administrator can define a view for these columns, and then users can directly access these columns in the view without entering search criteria. A view is different from a basic table. It is only a virtual object rather than a physical one. A database only stores the definition of a view and does not store its data. The data is still stored in the original base table. If data in the base table changes, the data in the view changes accordingly. In this sense, a view is like a window through which users can know their interested data and data changes in the database. A view is triggered every time it is referenced.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__p4779425024">In separation of duty, non-administrators have no permission to view system catalogs and views. In other scenarios, system catalogs and views are either visible only to administrators or visible to all users. Some of the following system catalogs and views have marked the need of administrator permissions. They are accessible only to administrators.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__nc7d539688ea9461caeade02c518c8979"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494919__a2274b3622dc446988f7e4d513b8ed796">Do not add, delete, or modify system catalogs or system views. Manual modification or damage to system catalogs or system views may cause system information inconsistency, system control exceptions, or even cluster unavailability.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0561.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0561.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7087b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0561.html
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894789"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894789"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Catalogs</h1>
+<div id="body1551325896816"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894789__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0562.html">GS_OBSSCANINFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0564.html">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0565.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0566.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0567.html">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0568.html">PG_AGGREGATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0569.html">PG_AM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0570.html">PG_AMOP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0571.html">PG_AMPROC</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0572.html">PG_ATTRDEF</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0573.html">PG_ATTRIBUTE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0575.html">PG_AUTH_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0576.html">PG_AUTH_MEMBERS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0577.html">PG_CAST</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0579.html">PG_COLLATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0580.html">PG_CONSTRAINT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0581.html">PG_CONVERSION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0582.html">PG_DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0583.html">PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0584.html">PG_DEFAULT_ACL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0585.html">PG_DEPEND</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0586.html">PG_DESCRIPTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0588.html">PG_ENUM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0589.html">PG_EXTENSION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0590.html">PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0591.html">PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0592.html">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0593.html">PG_FOREIGN_TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0594.html">PG_INDEX</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0595.html">PG_INHERITS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0596.html">PG_JOBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0597.html">PG_LANGUAGE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0598.html">PG_LARGEOBJECT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0599.html">PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0602.html">PG_OBSSCANINFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0603.html">PG_OPCLASS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0604.html">PG_OPERATOR</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0605.html">PG_OPFAMILY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0606.html">PG_PARTITION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0607.html">PG_PLTEMPLATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0609.html">PG_RANGE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0610.html">PG_REDACTION_COLUMN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0611.html">PG_REDACTION_POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0612.html">PG_RLSPOLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0613.html">PG_RESOURCE_POOL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0614.html">PG_REWRITE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0615.html">PG_SECLABEL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0616.html">PG_SHDEPEND</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0617.html">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0618.html">PG_SHSECLABEL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0619.html">PG_STATISTIC</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0620.html">PG_STATISTIC_EXT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0621.html">PG_SYNONYM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0622.html">PG_TABLESPACE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0623.html">PG_TRIGGER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0624.html">PG_TS_CONFIG</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0625.html">PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0626.html">PG_TS_DICT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0627.html">PG_TS_PARSER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0628.html">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0630.html">PG_USER_MAPPING</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0631.html">PG_USER_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0632.html">PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0633.html">PGXC_CLASS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0634.html">PGXC_GROUP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0635.html">PGXC_NODE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0562.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0562.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b474db3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0562.html
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_OBSSCANINFO</h1>
+<div id="body1537512959127"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a66effb5aef4c4c9789bd21a1378672a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__b842352706193013">GS_OBSSCANINFO</strong> defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table on OBS in a query.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__t97e86c71ff434f1cbb056b0cd0362ca2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_OBSSCANINFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r3a7b84416e994d53b65b25b6ac6611fe"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__ac941cf9891234f95b660c71a1dc0f89a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a5e04656b6ade4176961cd4d94faa5599">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a001ee66d95b34348ae697bea4e6afb1c">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a098600db539641f1be1f938b9aeb5b80">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r876f11c41ed84a8d9b67881782e61ef5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a54e0db2b53a64aabbff4b0eff7c4a3d5">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__ad95b25a1c3c04df88719cab8f2877e79">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__abe9614fe52934f63a6c3972febc8d475">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p74501851204017">Specifies a query ID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r3f0f1597d1a64600a803cb3bf00084c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a5ea57cdb280b42439625f5282505b488">user_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a858c2b3d98d745fa85ce088b5bb07cef">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p96132274013">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p34491451184016">Specifies a database user who performs queries.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__rd50a4a7fd2794d6fa36b4f02a7329add"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__ac1f79a78acf94e0fadc7a70ff83bc315">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__aa0b6debe59764a4eba168dd982a9f545">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a4cb205867eef4b66b4af3e51a46974ac">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p344911511406">Specifies the name of a foreign table on OBS.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__rda59ccf0a9fb46499001b31d37fade83"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__aeb49f19f8a5045c5ab6c3a7fcf870187">file_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__acdf11d1450ba46a78549188343017f3a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p7761132494019">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p1344745184017">Specifies the format of files storing the underlying data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r72261a56c1384b9ea3f56ee2859ffa78"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a88f30fdfe5eb48348aa0a87107d905ef">time_stamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a778bb871e6af4bd0aed5486499f8c1d9">time_stam</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p1350242664011">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p2044525119407">Specifies the scanning start time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r86be06ffdf804f51b99abb98004f4b11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__aa2703378c188463888b712902182a159">actual_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a22a7013910ff411ab7f435861a339161">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p19605027164014">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p1444165117409">Specifies the scanning execution time in seconds.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r39d0ec563dc44ab0a0ab052f5a239456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a9493a1838667459cb5ec05be35a896ce">file_scanned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a1c77c951b64d446e896ede3651e64448">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p9430172994015">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p15442195119403">Specifies the number of files scanned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__r5a72a8ce0b4d431288de4e1abe396099"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a559f0ac3d4114eb4b5549735d0438fc9">data_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p172961154018">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__ae0ac63db86314971913ecb10c92fdca4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p4441155120407">Specifies the size of data scanned in bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__rcf5308e4c7bf4e178b5ddf3cfe3415f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a90b0c5dfee1949f2a46d0ec10ae78267">billing_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__a217c245ca7a045a5a48b214a2a74eb7e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p413623115401">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494747__p244085110406">Specifies the reserved fields.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0564.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0564.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body1579000286216"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p8060118">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__b356912920136">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong> system catalog stores information about resource usage related to CN or DN instances. Each record in the system table indicates the resource usage of an instance at a specific time point, including the memory, number of CPU cores, disk I/O, physical I/O of the process, and logical I/O of the process.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__table175231552565" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__b10321183615300">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong> column</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row85231552065"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p652335213618">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p952315216614">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p195238521862">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row1452314522062"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p85233528619">instancename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p45239521366">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p135233522061">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row952325215615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1352375216616">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1252375216617">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p7523145212618">Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row752395218615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p05231752360">used_cpu</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p14523952163">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p135232521165">CPU usage of an instance</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row2052325218610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p752355218614">free_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1452319522618">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p452416520620">Unused memory of an instance (unit: MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row10524165216615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1524252462">used_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1652416524617">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p185248526611">Used memory of an instance (unit: MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row9524175219610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1952417521162">io_await</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p55241852463">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p252411521265">Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__b27941555191816">io_wait</strong> value (average value within 10 seconds) of the disk used by an instance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row12524752562"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p75248521661">io_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p105246521764">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1524952167">Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__b126307619202">io_util</strong> value (average value within 10 seconds) of the disk used by an instance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row195241521669"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1052455218611">disk_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1052417527615">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p577545873512">Specifies the disk read rate (average value within 10 seconds) of an instance (unit: KB/s).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row452418528614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p15524145214619">disk_write</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p55244521963">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p852411521064">The disk write rate (average value within 10 seconds) of an instance (unit: KB/s).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row05241952968"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1152414529615">process_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p352410521067">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1452410528610">Specifies the read rate (excluding the number of bytes read from the disk pagecache) of the corresponding instance process that reads data from a disk. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row185242528614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p952435210618">process_write</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p145243524611">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p145245521961">Specifies the write rate (excluding the number of bytes written to the disk pagecache) of the corresponding instance process that writes data to a disk within 10 seconds. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row7524952862"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p952417521767">logical_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p252414526615">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p497345154017">CN instance: N/A</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p79731451154010">DN instance: Specifies the logical read byte rate of the instance in the statistical interval (10 seconds). (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row135252052966"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p052511521460">logical_write</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p45251521366">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p10400171410419">CN instance: N/A</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p12401914134118">DN instance: Specifies the logical write byte rate of the instance within the statistical interval (10 seconds). (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row852513521069"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p195252524616">read_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p1525105219612">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p11861122217413">CN instance: N/A</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p20861182210416">DN instance: Specifies the total number of logical read operations of the instance in the statistical interval (10 seconds).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__row8525052867"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p852519521066">write_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p05256521619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p65004318417">CN instance: N/A</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814490__p3500931204113">DN instance: Specifies the total number of logical write operations of the instance in the statistical interval (10 seconds).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0565.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0565.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b089162420301">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</strong> records operators of completed jobs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog. </p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__note2017183917342"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ul292817417212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li692894115217">This system catalog's schema is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b17252125118345">dbms_om</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li1192854162117">This system catalog has a distribution column, the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__text67811626589">gaussdb</span> column, in PostgreSQL databases only, not other databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li12928241142110">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b1888205318344">pg_catalog</strong> has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b184212169357">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</strong> view.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ta2c1b3b6469742cd9a313f0843410206"></a><a name="ta2c1b3b6469742cd9a313f0843410206"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ta2c1b3b6469742cd9a313f0843410206" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r394f1a1ed92c49b2abfdd691232edd2d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__acdafc26c873242d1b262dba53cadfcad">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p651816147513">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a41d0f6f6713842e28ee22c90026c3dfa">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__row923413616325"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__p1723573693215">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__p182351364322">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__p162355368322">Name of the CN where the statement is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r65e527276cad4724b3a3ef2334c88acb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a56b2e5bbc9f94d6c865861dce711347f">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a3ad2ab36e5fb41f0b5213a70b487dc24">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a3075d2cebe6940eba60ad03dd992c01f">Internal query_id used for statement execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r84eb34afa7554eaa9bb2436c9de2e45b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__aadd9de83241341a2af7addce6a82d465">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a3e4dc63cf2704dc5beeb3b5117634ade">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p651921410511">Thread ID of the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r88b044a65aa24260ac117725154c42b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a31b482d62ec742eaa18ab7404f00e070">plan_node_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a188fa99651af4dee87e58f7e084b43c7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ac0eabcdc99a543fa85c9cecaa0cd77c2">plan_node_id of the execution plan of a query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rf75eab0903e2445993e02c25deb2b2c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a13afb042c1904f758a87d31c088f22f6">plan_node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a3001da8485d54defa88f66f8dd221ec1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a5916ef5ac8f94886b6cb71eecda446bb">Name of the operator corresponding to plan_node_id</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r7a78f6ed6020408098b870c56bef2147"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a52b290ba721c41b69ecc600fa6715547">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a4a9f932b044644b8863da04c93b6bba5">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p751971405113">Time when an operator starts to process the first data record</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rdeb6648aa3a14eadafadb8594b392dd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ad4704fde9f244ea593a46c7238508f92">duration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a77d7af4ed1df4ec6b2af7c04d82a7b21">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a8b553a22bd33465682818ff4a57949cd">Total execution time of an operator. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r8856a14584a6425ebc1bded7eefe42e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a6e420436c0054446ac8b6d4159e5b1ee">query_dop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a185d26ff62cb44039ae21544e5fb89ed">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a9461c107a1a0433da56093e3ce4c02df">Degree of parallelism (DOP) of the current operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r7cb049a3d5864a34b752a81857ddc508"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__aeda2878b21cc445ead8716cba33a2ce4">estimated_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a41ab7137acf74040a7f3657ccf78106a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a2b0575afb3254f598c9069f6df59208e">Number of rows estimated by the optimizer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rc7756a9aed7543319f7c3685fd58db2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ad48609f62cf44f81aa49dfa2391bbd44">tuple_processed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a713f0add387d4f008d05b40bbcf015f6">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p55195145519">Number of elements returned by the current operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rb482696b4f24400ab3b2f08cdd49c93a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p45193142511">min_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a4f302e41382b486ca144786d0e4494aa">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ab6f2b661b8344e9788a880fa138b9bd2">Minimum peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r5618b05610e147a78e84dd5337d60303"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a54d9a01e8da84274b9175ab79bbea0a1">max_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ad3b1e0bf09954e95bc49d88d9eb17d3a">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a659060c4e7db4f7286165fa805384f42">Maximum peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r1233debc36ae4d119f5197d1b98aa573"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a23dafedae219460c8fd76ac800a6b511">average_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__aae495474831d4d1c9efa0137834513ee">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a0f15e3120afa48b29d074b6f3d621607">Average peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ra9bd6c1dd9f94279b5ec47d588de7b61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p162135421546">memory_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p02131442948">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ac1dee150b73d4c999a457bf7970a7dd7">Memory usage skew of the current operator among DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r32d3fd4a77a2428987f0e1b7ae469f00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a632637c0837e4c589a4fddbc82bb4163">min_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p952021419512">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752071475115">Minimum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b12754174919438">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rba9e7ad0e9eb4638bf8ecad6898c10b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__aba9600f5d73842ec84cadbab37c306c4">max_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ae258bdbd40034a8d9f4593b07f5c821a">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a116d664db7be4affa6dbf8ca1d6273d8">Maximum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b335920527437">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r16e98b885be641d4a067e8fcc5049fc6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a9003653b66e04b818d63b7cdcf3a669b">average_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752061414517">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a942f96de512e43a98957ff5ed9f9aa56">Average spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__b8781456154313">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r076994ff252d41ada266fb30e4dff109"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ada08e42d0a064f15a6a987858d20cb9d">spill_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p85201141517">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a99097da79d6344bb837a18314a493939">DN spill skew when a spill occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rf2e424638e1b459d83eade9cba7742f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ab65cbe57a8fd4f7995e41b618c21eca0">min_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p145200142510">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p185204140516">Minimum execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r25ce7459994a4f58a784b3d9cdada88a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752019149519">max_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__aaa64b8f777c64db5bffb77a457339710">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__en-us_topic_0111176227_p65207145515">Maximum execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r870f95b5891c4c93a25e977c91014d61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a356c34ed056d4ff28bd35250b2894a0b">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a1a5df49995cc4b8e8fc71578326fab91">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ab766b80f13f0401cb9dbd9c40693dbd4">Total execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__r9fbd973f40d34a14b0b0ab6d26f6d3d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a4a8f12f1d3464991bdedb95a4c695124">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a4c5bdb50bec94222965450d4c995d0e3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a7b7bdff6158648e383c7ee1a9452fe6e">Skew of the execution time among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__rb31e1f1dc9614a11a6fc9316eab76dda"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a705a3296d1824a908744df2d0cf69036">warning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a8d80ed676a61435f8d0182dc3229101a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__a6b1e9e6b8eb044c8b7a9ada59f0eb6e5">Warning. The following warnings are displayed:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ol51018198136"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li1410151901318">Sort/SetOp/HashAgg/HashJoin spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li14101171915136">Spill file size large than 256MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li4101151911135">Broadcast size large than 100MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li110131931315">Early spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li14101191941317">Spill times is greater than 3</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li1210114198136">Spill on memory adaptive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__li19101101971319">Hash table conflict</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__a1bc8317ebf214ab091f7d7d859a491e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__b842352706152719">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</strong> records load management information about a completed job executed on all CNs. The data is dumped from the kernel to a system catalog. </p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__note2017183917342"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__ul11300113462112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__li680719559126">This system catalog's schema is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__b977312383618">dbms_om</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__li146110242195">This system catalog has a distribution column, the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__text81184278482">gaussdb</span> column, in PostgreSQL databases only, not other databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__li18506173631814">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__b35465258367">pg_catalog</strong> has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494907__b4546112543617">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</strong> view.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0567.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0567.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dac64373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0567.html
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body1579000286216"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p8060118">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b1479214292464">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</strong> system table stores information about resources used by users and is valid only on CNs. Each record in the system table indicates the resource usage of a user at a time point, including the memory, number of CPU cores, storage space, temporary space, operator flushing space, logical I/O traffic, number of logical I/O times, and logical I/O rate. The memory, CPU, and I/O monitoring items record only the resource usage of complex jobs. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p191510331860">Data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b369933312486">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</strong> system table comes from the <a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a> view.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__table13383122510536" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b153581424183016">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</strong> column</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row17384132525310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p143841925115317">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p18384102535319">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p53841925165311">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row3384102585315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p19384122513537">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p2038432565314">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p476117264572">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row33844257530"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p11384162515537">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p238412514537">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1338416250537">Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row5384142513533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p173841425195312">used_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1238415255539">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p18324104815572">Specifies the used memory (unit: MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row138472565315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1538462565315">total_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p5384172555311">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p117021753155717">Available memory (unit: MB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b79824436283">0</strong> indicates that the available memory is not limited and depends on the maximum memory available in the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row19384125185319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p83841225155312">used_cpu</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1238462519538">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p78541979580">Number of CPU cores in use</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row338517256531"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p203857256534">total_cpu</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p18385142565320">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p9637161455810">Total number of CPU cores of the Cgroup associated with a user on the node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row173856255538"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p0385202585314">used_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p123852025105316">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p19997191819582">Used storage space (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row938519253538"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p638542511535">total_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1338542545317">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p15873233581">Available storage space (unit: KB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b190586163019">-1</strong> indicates that the storage space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row93851825195316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p18385132513536">used_temp_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p038616258535">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p33864252536">Used temporary storage space (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row6386142517538"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p15386192555312">total_temp_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p173861025165317">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p560783335811">Available temporary storage space (unit: KB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b1888310325317">-1</strong> indicates that the maximum temporary storage space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row23861225175314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p18386925105319">used_spill_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p93863252531">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p3176184515820">Used space of operator flushing (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row1238672520533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1838620257531">total_spill_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p538642518532">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p10386152525313">Available storage space for operator flushing (unit: KB). The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__b63461044345">-1</strong> indicates that the maximum operator flushing space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row11386725135312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p183878251532">read_kbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p138720255539">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p143871325165317">Byte traffic of read operations in a monitoring period (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row1738702516533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1638716250533">write_kbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p19387925165319">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1638719258530">Byte traffic of write operations in a monitoring period (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row7217163810533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p122187382530">read_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1621811383538">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p19431194106">Number of read operations in a monitoring period.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row6387112575313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p13387325125314">write_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p23871625165316">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p15387225155319">Number of write operations in a monitoring period.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row5387525175314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p5387325185312">read_speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p93877258538">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p9387725115315">Byte rate of read operations in a monitoring period (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__row23871125125316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p1387725145316">write_speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p638792535313">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894437__p23871425175318">Byte rate of write operations in a monitoring period (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0568.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0568.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcd2430a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0568.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AGGREGATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a36ed34b3e7ae446988e0857adbcdbf7c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__b15119292561">pg_aggregate</strong> records information about aggregation functions. Each entry in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__aa6237222d3a14bd1a62955a5c2b082ef">pg_aggregate</strong> is an extension of an entry in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ad73df61efcbb413287b78f7e87771ddd">pg_proc</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a0d77f044a7f84d4690420c46a0de0efa">pg_proc</strong> entry carries the aggregate's name, input and output data types, and other information that is similar to ordinary functions. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__t9e297a5eca6c4523826dbe297d77238b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AGGREGATE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__r0d5d727614be427b92222d7e68a83c97"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a96151dc0fe1f45458b4c7449a4de4cb9">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a4b724aec1f894c5a8f42071d6cd5f117">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__afc4aebbce87345c994ce553b4a8e4ee7">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a47d738f9d9db416e8bf0dd48d5248cfc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__r3394ac18e0be4496ac96ae6d22e5d723"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a88ea37b9520b424d8c66b157f57ff82f">aggfnoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__abf9f6f83612c4a5095ac5e18ee9e33ed">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a9cf39a0582714a219adc9efc0a7e4825"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a52290dfb7a1148539c1bf14acfed18e3"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a> OID of the aggregate function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__rb442eaab41fa4a4d9f6baf4770f316a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ad09b6de319d6404d9866536f65be5d8a">aggtransfn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a4862ac7503364772bed1849dadc707a9">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ab80864625bdb4106a7d7e7e2fdcbb575"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__abee49673f9fd4b48a65d5c5600d947b6">Transition function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__r3424dcc1cd2549a0a6cce199f5554805"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a9a673353ac234283b0b84dd716394c77">aggcollectfn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a959d69335ec0495e8edcbb8aa3656f45">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ac53c832ad63a472a8f9a365358a6fae4"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__aff6ddfc97ac54298ab913fd0ab34bc3d">Aggregate function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__rd9eafd26220349a89edb1243aad292f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ac28543cdaaf94bb997c6676a5326ba76">aggfinalfn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a66dfbf232fff42ca95e8769cd04fcd12">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__af75d98090e714c78bc2d526539bac97b"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__af46cc7ce82f34330a5342c7c2181303d">Final function (zero if none)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__r3f263a8bc4334c6aa901860a831df346"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a768a798c8a5341878df446aa17ab82b3">aggsortop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a9a34f8d06b33408db67b4feaa75ebaf1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a51c7d31d646145d39a94c892e14e4bde"><a href="dws_04_0604.html">PG_OPERATOR</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__adddb56b057a34766959f908bd2d5d5c7">Associated sort operator (zero if none)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__re41910eb347e4d069717e7a3ceab6f7c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a9ebb926411e14e9f885155a8e531f935">aggtranstype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ab0d1feba4bbc451bb547fac2525b4f79">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a8525570711334c058a3e3e17cfe71ad0"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a553779637fa14000aa1401e8afd2a420">Data type of the aggregate function's internal transition (state) data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__rd7443a12039d4fb29ea64213b92c4247"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a1bad22f1fc6d4c638e81383ce9467ff2">agginitval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__abaa4854f22444dbcb35b8a62de5657f8">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a2ba38a9e1c9c479fa7fbd8b22319293a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ad2581abe45d84c5a84c199c5ec529cc9">Initial value of the transition state. This is a text column containing the initial value in its external string representation. If this column is null, the transition state value starts out null. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__r596814fc7e8b4e44879b3b0b03408970"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a0dd9336fd09e4907a5744cc05f953be0">agginitcollect</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.530000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a529a71050ea348a6bf3a38dccfc7f64b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__a8316f80c257e41ddaa4d79722c2b3d92">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654858__ad44bef3d6ad646fbba4924e2bece5d23">Initial value of the collection state. This is a text column containing the initial value in its external string representation. If this column is null, the collection state value starts out null. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9f781936d2e7482a862359d0d0b2c2db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__b6489620185">PG_AM</strong> records information about index access methods. There is one row for each index access method supported by the system.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__t44bedad76bb646629aa8034ff381580a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r7b24850850754afda73c4ebcdd7ad445"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a04f9cd08476241c8b5f47860f407da5c">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a71ab6f5249264afab1159feb7f7f116b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__acead96019adc41bab5f6fbf015a985bf">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0316437892d04007b9b0b89516f10169">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__racc47711bfe943aaa5d68776b77d0c1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8e4799f017494c04b753621afb7293e2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a5f854f52759f4f99bd7a8297f48868ff">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a13340ba7faae410e90aa0e18cc802482">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aec45333513194f5d8e4d36b29a33ff29">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r9723df0b7a8243a6b23f52ec52e323c5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af671e0bbbb924b7cb9ff648a783d4401">amname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a60ef019f548b46398ef347f2fa17a24f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__abaffb968efa44279913ac4dae847763b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ac216bcc09ed54820a23ff6663a14059e">Name of the access method</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r7e733467649c44e0aa80f1530911ada0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9858ee4eb5bc48fc92c7478f973ae000">amstrategies</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a95dab607a9f24820872e347609096526">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a53d93d4b636947069a7e0b5d076a6d19">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ad67cdb5340f345089ef176a4b1f50062">Number of operator strategies for this access method, or zero if access method does not have a fixed set of operator strategies</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r26daf06893354b388ce85f4ceb042002"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__adba3229106a14eb69bd1f122f9b3bdb8">amsupport</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8c7c804ec028482886f07b6b3eb408c3">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a50d7470b523b4859a9058163a8d6cd48">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a32bb2a0bdb4f4ccaaeb9701ddce25a03">Number of support routines for this access method</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r0d3037803e55464495e246d6169e16de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4a085cb67d684fc19fdac80b39af35d3">amcanorder</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a2785fe520b0342748d926d1297db669f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text4285114153015">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a71cf3fa6d597491f90e25d075fef4ed6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a541bd938793240f3959f68d1c6cacc57">Whether the access method supports ordered scans sorted by the indexed column's value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rc7319f95e0ff449680eb6978efdc6d33"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a6c4369e0437548bcb141a3f342362396">amcanorderbyop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__adff30f1ed7fd4ac884a79c754903b046"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text1610184210302">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a895af82b5a134a4aaa6147625942f08c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a762051b385f140ad9688edd63ebc66be">Whether the access method supports ordered scans sorted by the result of an operator on the indexed column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rb76ba983d4f44b97b949e2725e78ea9e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9835c7efae234b07a9a0ca642390bb39">amcanbackward</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ab02f3957709b4270a5cb5ac471b6dbab"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text9850124219302">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a7d74fe77fe7b4c5cb6e85d6677aa28d8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ae2e358f3a278436e98af3732b7e58540">Whether the access method supports backward scanning</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r6d79c884e711434ea37a8b27970f9d12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ab7a2b7cf6f4c4e5a971c5238db048ad5">amcanunique</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ab55d47ce62bf47588054ed85c7e29d21"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text6855104353012">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ae261f5222dda40acb8963ce4109e0b66">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af7166eb0971f4a55ad6cfa4fd2767f50">Whether the access method supports unique indexes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rc9a7ab5606a1464d971ce612db40b0a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8a0cf3bfb9624e91973b62e5d4246b58">amcanmulticol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a86850ea959114043bcc411a5e74c73be"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text0669104415308">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aba7a20b725ed4fc8a812015adf187e0a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__afc3ca2f665cd46c4b1dabff2c9eb07e2">Whether the access method supports multi-column indexes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r8f337318c91f4c809a4e6394ffd43b22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ad044c5199a0e47ada9feaee1bce41f48">amoptionalkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0b76ee70c1d8442081b31d9b72963624"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text1479145123010">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a7d867e4267ad44dca2fd78dbc1eede1d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__abb0b30fef23a4578897c3d860bb22a2b">Whether the access method supports a scan without any constraint for the first index column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r2853a324725249789dd2146b49d85d3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__abcdd82df2d9a43698272c93083c1b9c0">amsearcharray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8f884c399b62443095fa38f963de0fec"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text15155114616301">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ae9a43d0200bc4950bc2e3f15a0fa49b1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a753f2c7f501642b39d60e7a5174a33fa">Whether the access method supports <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__b842352706114259">ScalarArrayOpExpr</strong> searches</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r4d9db359e0774b8f88ed59985011b11c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ac4c78946d63f45fe834e843681462438">amsearchnulls</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a5573ecc5e4424ac5a735ae87fc548fdc"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text27684713015">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a7a75a29b07df4877ac3de74048583615">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ac1fccf4b5d0747069462aaec44f47372">Whether the access method supports <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__b842352706114320">IS NULL/NOT NULL</strong> searches</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r657a58e1bfb0436391493439f268a1a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af6f42e8c47df4b7eb72df1db3288a2f3">amstorage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__adb6edf7a8bdc4cbc9c4c1862839e830c"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text877244719306">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a032afa136b9b4a8cb684a3af70d36bc7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4386f9d8b86a4e35b468559a53ccc30c">Whether an index storage data type can differ from a column data type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rf80fe0580c7d4a01891c093a5c046042"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a13a50997258d493cb37afad1570e2ba6">amclusterable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4e64e63c598843b3a43a18057dc2cb43"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text255794853012">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a535721bd8d134d5c885622b01635c6c3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__adeb0e5aa0a7e4ab6a90aede89b056c20">Whether an index of this type can be clustered on</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r33927c70309a4bfa8eec973d589b1d6d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ab5584bfc3d2c4033855b00c67c612e3c">ampredlocks</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a014a4a794d484b4491ba113885870b6b"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__text10614149203018">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a60e3289a626c469d9ac2d2b5994b8067">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4ab88cea2e2d40308dbadda47654c29d">Whether an index of this type manages fine-grained predicate locks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r3787b75b9228419ca11197f360a3b402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__addc15a7d68914c88a3450b87a6a5246a">amkeytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a6eb6d2cc012e4be790520922cda970d6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a5aab89ae5843438bbe22ec2d0d669c47"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a080c5267276f4fc0946fec34a2272fe0">Type of data stored in index, or zero if not a fixed type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rf0e5860e126843f6b1e78047391f01ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ab4805278e4a7469596165077f605dca7">aminsert</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a49460a906e874c9699f2cbd4415eb78d">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af2987291df7c4ee48d76f33e8b476ee4"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a92c9a65d13a841f7b534a9aa2e80acf7">"Insert this tuple" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r460633dea47b4dff96f16ed873c3cf5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aa23f58eb480343008660eeb4b0555be7">ambeginscan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a66184f5dbba04c50800debb27c1e74f9">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a6cc34de0dd134efa80c32a94405356f8"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ae53d1a3efc3e4a07994d798e833d5f78">"Prepare for index scan" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r75852aa795fc4ce8bad50dd9814645a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af5e3d62aea08442ab13a33d68fb9f891">amgettuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a22024fcaeb1c4a0fb05ed924f3707b83">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aeb5a8042dd1349d09e8d194608b5c037"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a7c3f63e2638e43a8908d0c426b62b76a">"Next valid tuple" function, or zero if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r4c0094cda0a447f2b9916b90d1d690f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__abe0c9ab17fbe40c29c4465ebb416016e">amgetbitmap</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aabb61ebc5a08472f804ff09dc8a41c3b">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a22c87393c07949da9641a678e9152a45"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a11dbb75766b748579979303062f87587">"Fetch all valid tuples" function, or zero if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rd583c35f45f34fd09f4594b2da23ec96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a594b58111ea54d0c8a1df3fbdb2ce860">amrescan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9429b9a36eba4f4e9eb511139f00e0e5">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ac5ea2de66ef04330a1f6bd6b468adffd"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8b6da47bba0641b5b9142a49b3267f04">"(Re)start index scan" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r50d87f3837924f7fa7d69401f5598599"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a85fa62f71561438283d5b447bf365301">amendscan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a46de0ade57f749aea039b77ebf1cd6f9">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aad686bc70bbf4929ab6d82149240389d"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a88ae2979671c4516bdb050bccdf98081">"Clean up after index scan" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r835eb90bd30a48d6a2493b2b26d5e3bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a477ce10618a24e3c8bcf34e8253d1e4e">ammarkpos</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__af856694aeb6a49968da60e6a983cd2f9">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aacb8cba40e104b2ba141bdc9c70cb3cf"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4cf3024b0dcc48d28497e4f753424415">"Mark current scan position" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r32ce14078a2343f9a54cb42bab360fcb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a99ddc064ad934f1295b81d0b612e91d8">amrestrpos</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a6447139bf377425b8a166a9c9c84fc1d">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a49da036123d245c4a58122f30169ac42"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a4213f1e259d549ff940e05fca4620cf8">"Restore marked scan position" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rc4c6aea28ab64fb1b630ff3078d48367"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a20d1137661fc4871a09a5c68ee6efa82">ammerge</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9c7a20c7567a4756aa792b5e33e48174">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a9929dca1e2494b1584819afd4050607e"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a5fb8ff483f0a425c8d7786579f29363a">"Merge multiple indexes" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r1e0a5f12308f4cb4b8ca9b6ff44ac785"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0ba441bb28504d6b8869d64ebaba8f70">ambuild</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a2752f3b215cf4ffebeb1ddeed5a40052">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a7ace739084a144f897548e1d908bf1f5"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aaf927ea869484251a07755506b19f43a">"Build new index" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r30e8fa8e5fa04499a3252abc58ad67ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a24ad243600814b9e9c17ebbe716a9368">ambuildempty</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a667ea7b3de4d45d88fcc647348e744a3">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a508554cef2114094a6513bdc07b2a48b"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a8e3b23c23c954ffb9b1ceb23d6744225">"Build empty index" function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r86e59f6e547e419ea6435a3215ccdd54"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__acf0a0f4b34304dbabd3a1783e8a9c15c">ambulkdelete</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a355ae44069674ceea12932b583a97a77">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aec0d05df004545bab52256cf16cb187c"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ac6b230f1a7594d50bf2d4ea5313521da">Bulk-delete function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r4b3fbf89bc324388bfba4e9fc2ca2e55"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0e6bf3e5ba27443791c137a448c49161">amvacuumcleanup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a11d876b6500b438881fb9f7fa3812d77">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__aefb407a9c8124e1e86d3a894d01e5d63"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a06d6b91da75a4562b5e2a519b892a45a">Post-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__b842352706152830">VACUUM</strong> cleanup function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__rbf85581b48324daead2e8cf80220a158"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a798d5a51fe074249a244af66b2f2d47b">amcanreturn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a45bedc0890094669b436dd4e438dcdc2">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a2fd0940979e74560a31a63231812fd36"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__abce24fe84d7a40dfabd280eb7546a1e9">Function to check whether index supports index-only scans, or zero if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r31a1bd58f211412799d4e95fcb843983"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a06feb3f5024043f9953ae3d93cc2b25f">amcostestimate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a081eca79beca4d90942d5a7053706c30">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a91070b56a8ec4534b0807b95b61a6730"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0f6809f41a2448289925d48492030462">Function to estimate cost of an index scan</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__r8328e100473140a98feddd28543cebd0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a08b109c30967473eac42c426f0a39163">amoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.280000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__a0d9e847b539448e49b89269f4e311fae">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ada26d1f10a794d70babb1dff3f7b90b5"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__ad80138e3a9e4450b91fb6545c83a3e5c">Function to parse and validate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134562__b349414331888">reloptions</strong> for an index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0570.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0570.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76758ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0570.html
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AMOP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__en-us_topic_0059777617_p141021342306"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b121318404146">PG_AMOP</strong> records information about operators associated with access method operator families. There is one row for each operator that is a member of an operator family. A family member can be either a search operator or an ordering operator. An operator can appear in more than one family, but cannot appear in more than one search position nor more than one ordering position within a family.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__te8e5c717391b40ce9c8b8f27719447e9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AMOP columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r9a9c6fb814ba424684f06cdfbe01ee1b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a79038d8d451a4af4a8951bbe298a16b5">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a914db27b200a4575b6fc16248fc78b7c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a3723f809bcbf42dcadc91858663a140a">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a2e1a429dacd84d05abf999c5bb202fb7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r16f626553d734d78878f9169ff96473c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a1b563debfdca4326bc9a56f3c6c1e314">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a1c0b228e7d01457c814d5adf8fb499f2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a816471b7c3274c80af373622e453e2ad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a53a826daa9fb4f4eb670e0dd2c0d7fc6">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r664cbf326841443698071df0fcbcc0d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a37048c3a81e54270b05f2883a088405c">amopfamily</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__aef7e5ff5240f4797b8fc1d6c7aa43c43">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a4290399a5124473db04c1f30b5e43a88"><a href="dws_04_0605.html">PG_OPFAMILY</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a6c1cb3e1e72b441aab071d8b1bdf7fd5">Operator family this entry is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r3a70c30da5bf47159baea165a9167fae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__aa00a254979e24a2dac144cae3c2f5fc4">amoplefttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a5e10529373ea4289890d9af30eb4d103">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__afaec126474954d2f9585a31065961d0a"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a2b3b26b797504f7b9c5802ebcabfabf3">Left-hand input data type of operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r353f955499cc4fa4a534e3e02a5d696d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__aafc4ff4d7ae541f1993bc8e2e2fe39d3">amoprighttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a1dade3ad6e9f4f4481df5f18cbea68df">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a5fa4847e6514418db5624c2e4faa8b90"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__afe5ae9ae2b744ff8bedc4ddaa0fd1cca">Right-hand input data type of operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__rd3b362f8157c4a5091be99e8e55286b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__ae5dd95d2465046e6b40bdb45ee62af60">amopstrategy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__adb4756122bbc4589a9b25c59f2321498">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a37d98e18ec7a4de18911778b79ca52f2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__ae252cdd8b3ea435daa0980d7f5e829c0">Number of operator strategies</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r09b143cb59a04d7692c8c92e7d2c8a93"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a9494b2cd18974b619946fbd960ca57e7">amoppurpose</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__aa7711273f9e74390a8049cb94fd4fcad">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__afef98afceb9c41f39f1f477f7f19b629">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__af7d43dd2e40043e09aa8a97195b42b94">Operator purpose, either <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b842352706155531">s</strong> for search or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b842352706155536">o</strong> for ordering</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__r40ac44c0209b4d52aab662605b08c4f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__aa60073c856c54719811254960078fdf5">amopopr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a341785a400364aee83ac2d7b3f4659b7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a0f62c2d6973c4c909662cc06df32a695"><a href="dws_04_0604.html">PG_OPERATOR</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a55cbdc7ae99e455fa5f4a5bef0b29b30">OID of the operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__rf6ec3b3d13304e9e81886b999189fa2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a68684a750e9849a6801465179d7feb92">amopmethod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a917e36696a774ff6959ce60e01ffa545">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a5283f6350ffc42bf95911148cd293f0e"><a href="dws_04_0569.html">PG_AM</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a24c20ac350ee483db7da3feec795eb6d">Index access method the operator family is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__rdb7ae3e13de04d409be1b91bfd6a9913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a68a2a39837e84079bd4ecaddfa3e93af">amopsortfamily</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a1003f1cbcd6a4872b160946ea98a50ea">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.69%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a1d49404d2c6e49ecb6bec1df6b51ceb9"><a href="dws_04_0605.html">PG_OPFAMILY</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__a7c6bf73fecfc42e08c7e260d65bc6740">The btree operator family this entry sorts according to, if an ordering operator; zero if a search operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__ae1fb1cf4149945389f0d2383511ded08">A "search" operator entry indicates that an index of this operator family can be searched to find all rows satisfying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b84235270616119">WHERE indexed_column operator constant</strong>. Obviously, such an operator must return a Boolean value, and its left-hand input type must match the index's column data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__ad958fe40c8ba4f95ad09edd46d4fad03">An "ordering" operator entry indicates that an index of this operator family can be scanned to return rows in the order represented by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b84235270616337">ORDER BY indexed_column operator constant</strong>. Such an operator could return any sortable data type, though again its left-hand input type must match the index's column data type. The exact semantics of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b84235270616814">ORDER BY</strong> are specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494479__b84235270616821">amopsortfamily</strong> column, which must reference a btree operator family for the operator's result type. </p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0571.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0571.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e190f158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0571.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AMPROC</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__ae26e0939d8fa4614b6f1c38d06c0f191"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b1053003619192">PG_AMPROC</strong> records information about the support procedures associated with the access method operator families. There is one row for each support procedure belonging to an operator family.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__tdef8a2d3942c49fdbfc85520d2052c3d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AMPROC columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__rdca8c2380e054658a50e9bb5b0ef7025"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__af84c5194688a4233853fe992fa2d8a17">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a60c0dfbc27d845598ac24a5c885d4360">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a8bd53eca6692430486e10828965c3b16">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__aa6169ee11cdf409c8599d0454ab82793">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__re692482e768e49a0827747ff498a4c79"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a3408d0e7a5304ae4b68ae56f2d952473">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__aeb8dee6284564677b6c942647fc65607">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a86529ba56e5f42019a1c6ac984b747c4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__aa8cb8882a1674e13965b009fd1fa75e1">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__r8176f71f50704c778787294d06f2cf86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a1211752fa01f4d0789909f18a78b0c89">amprocfamily</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__ad7a4a8a18c0847beb57d9e248597db61">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__af2520d6de6ec47c0a445f59e1e7fd5e9"><a href="dws_04_0605.html">PG_OPFAMILY</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a8585fb0d005c4b3abefd3b401a748ee2">Operator family this entry is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__ra70683b8841d480eb4bb729c8605c342"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a402b3d67e0f346cebc9237c49e8e802d">amproclefttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a765f5a51a2a7440492e8cb1eb412175a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__abd1aaa86b5f245b69fee5e7254061653"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__aca2c8417f8864a61bc9bc4765d8d8f7f">Left-hand input data type of associated operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__r9a2c14f86c99474ea7510f844a5df71a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a124ec0da1edb47e1bf61f4cf44c6b58b">amprocrighttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a1ad7b8a1636f40af89c8e3a5afd5aea3">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__acda884e7d62346fcbfda11c48f39ef92"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a958f67baadc645d9a9cd771d8fee8cdd">Right-hand input data type of associated operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__r84b329aef11543a185ed0f8783af291b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a02db9665681f4cb993dd9579f50673e4">amprocnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a831e9675438749a38de753f0a2d8e98b">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a830212e2ca194b48aee73acbd75f0196">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a13f8867108944526982c93c0bdbf669a">Support procedure number</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__r8e11088a3b0f4e6dbd6c9f1aae2fdc18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__af53e677880d6480183451b81436aff75">amproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.030000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__a9c768463ecd84de783cc003d42949ed3">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__adf7f225ad34f4b07bd3f637f59c1376e"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__abb838f98c01f470b88b1f6a2c47c5824">OID of the procedure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__ac6f8a722d7f54acca1bec753a09c4dc1">The usual interpretation of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b84235270616417">amproclefttype</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b842352706164111">amprocrighttype</strong> columns is that they identify the left and right input types of the operator(s) that a particular support procedure supports. For some access methods these match the input data type(s) of the support procedure itself, for others not. There is a notion of "default" support procedures for an index, which are those with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b842352706164210">amproclefttype</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b842352706164214">amprocrighttype</strong> both equal to the index opclass's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894975__b842352706164224">opcintype</strong>. </p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0572.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0572.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..852975a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0572.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_ATTRDEF</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__en-us_topic_0059778317_p134813151309"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__b1156832102413">PG_ATTRDEF</strong> stores default values of columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__t7b77be502ff74a01aac425de6230d814" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_ATTRDEF columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__r2a3792daf4374192a627aeb5f3f33aba"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__acb00e76142c84be6bec107452f9982ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a3b517632212149babc07ac842206061f">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.62%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a33b7aad8e8bb4e9eb10897269855d449">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__r0a2c356782714b90b255599cd6faa77d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__ac23a9fb0d4114164b3fd28f48b1a7da2">adrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a0179852d5da34efcb0ecbbf2855312ee">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a68bd49745ecd4822a3d39c695b5298ae">Table to which the column belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__r298905ded25249fdbb18530adaf6b949"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a5decb6dd6b264ea683f06fb4ddf5bb51">adnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a8539378b89e24e73b5ba9c021c45829d">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a0f0f3d431a2349988fdd1e88a90c65a5">Number of the column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__r9b1e002d45b64b11b84297af8f8e87e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__ae6dceb6c335f4e679b29f92ec3c5f371">adbin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a8c9e5d981c65450f909141607457274a">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__aa501feb0b6a843ec8a7fc610b98ecee9">Internal representation of the default value of the column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__rc49ae602d0584f63858814cda8aa1c8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__abb2e72db700e41d2b0949d53c0eaca79">adsrc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__af3862bf9b6eb48a391e2da61f456efc9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814491__a6373550bd06040258f3f2e70ff59275e">Internal representation of the readable default value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0573.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0573.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72431b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0573.html
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_ATTRIBUTE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__en-us_topic_0059777788_p17786184306"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b229051982616">PG_ATTRIBUTE</strong> records information about table columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ta4bc3fdc8a9d40929e57ede145ddf26b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_ATTRIBUTE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r3d9165ca5461488a8e0e314d80d5f103"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a1326cca6c4c745bcbeea9c6088e1a6e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a10a1f2e8fb2543da86671da1cbf6e27e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__af0fb569d78504d759b082c36f5a97897">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rd19449a3a98d40ea9945e110e45a55e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a5a27e1441b3b4f15b8939b05edc5b67f">attrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__adf7e44cf0dc147779ad367f1fdb52277">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__adce83d31eace4e86a41b977aa5758827">Table to which the column belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r8c952efee512407a807fcf34d9c248cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a1ee3fe80bf184673afc35ef52a5292d1">attname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a1425a23134af4f2ca2054a4efe32e413">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a6c688e66abfd4b16b8c222c856765596">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rda98456a2ebd45b9a51a2624a63e5d45"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a93152e0b01e24ab8971f6b10d2bb64b1">atttypid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a987c960ec9ea40b2a9ff3046bab5ede2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a18359b52f633436ca589d192ad49df0c">Column type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rebab56958e04451aa7d64ea2bad832f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aac06da3cdb6c4ca4ab54e7c27dcc5475">attstattarget</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aa3c0e8e6057a43dc9daa685a82e63161">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a5b426c51ca614cdc81750f2cea0d6482">Controls the level of details of statistics collected for this column by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b173854551009">ANALYZE</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__u8942b7e79f1749d3a2e74790199adcdb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l53a688e92f014da6aa33ff42c6c6e03e">A zero value indicates that no statistics should be collected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l0a60c6ae818344f8906dac422ebe24b8">A negative value says to use the system default statistics target.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l6d98ce46bfb2438fa62d8ce6777bf367">The exact meaning of positive values is data type-dependent.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a2a25e5dae3304613a169c38f9dab76b4">For scalar data types, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b191851561517">attstattarget</strong> is both the target number of "most common values" to collect, and the target number of histogram bins to create.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r28bfae6cf9814685899c904a20ca99e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ae63bccc711d94a508c3e15554b8a3020">attlen</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ad0b41d092adf4306a11464ae081b7063">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a0951f2733a0340599fc6d2fbad866c87">Copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b10761179925">pg_type.typlen</strong> of the column's type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rcb981024b0bc4f50bd4610cab9785fdc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ad18dea59b59e42c2b1e98d6d6a17e9b3">attnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a3b4d314db76f4dd0b26a80b49aa96863">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__abd7bd2ea7729410f9a134b80d1d9ead1">Number of a column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rbf4e0ccb6e974183b3b159d7e823124d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a80541407e9ba442681373bdd1f655d74">attndims</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a15528933bf224829980e6b791d083cd6">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a291ec571a24c48f59339262c4b0f5842">Number of dimensions if the column is an array; otherwise, the value is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rdf99acccd03d40db8b532e976678dfbb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a068b4bc6eeb6424c9aa2d40b594609b4">attcacheoff</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ac4825d330fa84629bad73b71fdf45909">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a75a56a13abcb40608abeca6b7cbbefe8">This column is always -1 on disk. When it is loaded into a row descriptor in the memory, it may be updated to cache the offset of the columns in the row.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r0c7c5ce467d843018451249ce354b484"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a722536116a9a414796f83d559386c722">atttypmod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a1610df7b92d545a4bf93b694aa574aac">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a8c549a2dfeea47b8aa59f2ae49749c50">Type-specific data supplied at table creation time (for example, the maximum length of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b842352706165355">varchar</strong> column). This column is used as the third parameter when passing to type-specific input functions and length coercion functions. The value will generally be -1 for types that do not need ATTTYPMOD.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r1750134f89dd43a99d2a04ea4b6541d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a3c6075ca96e64105a767e27c0d3bad8e">attbyval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ad52c07e204f54fc5a7f24cf61c0057d6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__text128096529305">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a1582c4772edc4297a2dac6512142970b">Copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b1923348151015">pg_type.typbyval</strong> of the column's type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rafb38c7ebfd14dceab6eb7f09d35990f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a58922810fc37460ea6b1b50a2f4c9dda">attstorage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a400811089e2e4b46a6c8a341b78848fe">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a4e303d4ab5db47208db747a3d718a835">Copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b152761736126">pg_type.typstorage</strong> of this column's type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r8386a5a41f9e4de1b1ec1386e4dfbc86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ab918d3cc45474345adc1ad2d892baff0">attalign</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a860f9427186248068d1f46574f40df8b">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a3c94fe9415744249ba01aa6ae2edac24">Copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b1790913820128">pg_type.typalign</strong> of the column's type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r44efc22075c34d58bef4b5593c185489"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aa669854566e04fd2b449182aea92dc4a">attnotnull</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ab7a52ad72b0847b5b1367a8f223f6c79"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__text1089045363018">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a757af1adfb684c34b135394956eb4cb1">A not-null constraint. It is possible to change this column to enable or disable the constraint.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rbb8d9e051a324daaab37559165355f31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a416abdecacd7464eb2ee5341f86c56a7">atthasdef</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a29cf417f2dda4105afb69133ba50b832"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__text877615413012">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aa100517ae8934e739854068bf487280e">Indicates that this column has a default value, in which case there will be a corresponding entry in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b1711610021316">pg_attrdef</strong> table that actually defines the value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r923a794fb1484d5fab778f1986662c28"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a7096d371e4944f6394093450f1587da4">attisdropped</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a6d7cb150e8584b73b4e0d54df9125092"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__text715425710309">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a3405a2ee1d2542a4ab9ddeabe5caca6b">Whether the column has been dropped and is no longer valid. A dropped column is still physically present in the table but is ignored by the analyzer, so it cannot be accessed through SQL.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r2fa6ce0bca9e4c37a65065394d7d6bef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a9a01764f991c4eec8bb5c094d24cdc04">attislocal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ad6a4cf3dd1c4434a99620baf21a47741"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__text1022475803016">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ac906e12fdc174e508fe325cf048563de">Whether the column is defined locally in the relation. Note that a column can be locally defined and inherited simultaneously.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r76c72acaac26419580d00599089a9c41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a7c93044baaed4d2c93e7034971613d9f">attcmprmode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a5f659ee4f61d4a34b67b90e24ec4fc26">tinyint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ac6071a64972f49b29fa42e5cd7189a7d">Compressed modes for a specific column The compressed mode includes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ub0d3dd543fbb49c09e54ff41c510ee15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l4275c813cf7f49959116cc34f23c7160">ATT_CMPR_NOCOMPRESS</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l116d986f2d754e91adac100a00386332">ATT_CMPR_DELTA</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l0a087406dcb34f1e8ac2a7aa05580deb">ATT_CMPR_DICTIONARY</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__lc5bc74ecb3134579b53f41c4f191d3b8">ATT_CMPR_PREFIX</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__l870d9019d1554c2c89617587f774a751">ATT_CMPR_NUMSTR</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rf6aa9413401849d387ffbfc0b3d77dc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aeedbe344c29b4d44a6ca91e6e1c1df8d">attinhcount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__adcf97e6059ec41a38a875b6db05f2d97">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aaf9d2411f4b4480cb739c9432c919a44">Number of direct ancestors this column has. A column with an ancestor cannot be dropped nor renamed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r4e4d83f17dc24749bcbc5f465bfa907f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a34e992f942fb4a3ba1140e316cc1431f">attcollation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a6eae9e06913d4f20aa631b6a4c396e29">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__ab05f40c40d8c4e8f85a6e8b2a02e928f">Defined collation of a column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rb704e50d6b224d7989060b23af64f2d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a4546059a58f44bc896d68388d72e750a">attacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a2817e4b490e8418d96030b518f8accc8">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aa70a88c7a4234b1894b8630b71c33bdb">Permissions for column-level access</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rabcc118cbb6844f49c8150ebfdfdcc59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a5ee2ac67d87d434380bae5d10e7e8884">attoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a6c65a65ba975481a9b92b614cd15e1c9">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a85defbf78395417ab3b9a00bec168651">Property-level options</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__rb2b126f185b14ea682b311d0bd25ffa2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a5acf375c0b9e486b9f45a11154f19ab0">attfdwoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a4ba1ca9a4bac4ae4b6bd77e59422f87a">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a419fa78551ca4702bac04f66b9c9da91">Property-level external data options</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__r0e0c5e67c43341269680bfe4aab6d9fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__aa2665e52d19a4982b1f220d8b00b6864">attinitdefval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a9e28d93a980d4b74baaabd15598f4ad3">bytea</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__a0340b1a8e5c44bb8aada3743d206eb68"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__en-us_topic_0085032846_b842352706171225">attinitdefval</strong> stores the default value expression. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694585__b92511604183">ADD COLUMN</strong> in a row-store table must use this column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0574.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0574.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AUTHID</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ab0432ecb46d845a69c3253093ed70e8f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b17834052174518">PG_AUTHID</strong> records information about the database authentication identifiers (roles). The concept of users is contained in that of roles. A user is actually a role whose rolcanlogin has been set. Any role, whether the rolcanlogin is set or not, can use other roles as members.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p34351924122019">For a cluster, only one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b7712858154512">pg_authid</strong> exists which is not available for every database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__tbe9d312bb0a04f5980e2e05f80080b07" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AUTHID columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__rc0eaf713a5894b1a9ddf808aaafa89b4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aab054876f7e142d7af99d20919db150b">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a2d200d9d8d994869a987ac3c0b65d730">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a67c0ddc987ca40269065c575d858a789">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r3a966252f531412cbe071f6b83bdf973"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a7f954694896646c49cd365cfd3bea37a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__acc5e984a7cd146a2af4eb69047254b83">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ae178356c055e4b13ac3b9f6e6b101785">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__rbcde1088c4c047ebb2f1fd7acbd849f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a1810030dbb724614a1066b6949ebe1c9">rolname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a2c29b72a984b4143963f6d26d40e6f82">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a8576259fb8844c6297499671f2c5bf4a">Role name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r4a08d869d19f44ce99eb9f26220762f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a3952d4e3252c45e88a249be3db88baee">rolsuper</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__af88395d9a1b54298a405c137f93ead48"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text14626101143111">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ab58dd1b2d0744682a700d646e76d8c41">Whether the role is the initial system administrator with the highest permission</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r69d5ffd7cd834fed987289eeb1712d2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aea9aee67c92e4580b05869bc0c066479">rolinherit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a7e4fe47fd7504d5fa741e5529e011aa5"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text18420528319">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a33a451df8df84aaf90b45be3b825a119">Whether the role automatically inherits permissions of roles it is a member of</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r0e3b472cc71d4c8c924bb11cd79591ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ab1b43249a2ea48f8a423b8109b37cb5b">rolcreaterole</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a8b4edd0fa7574f24863ae7eaa8e0f035"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text2235932318">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a63c82bf7a53443a98da672eaabdfcc7a">Whether the role can create more roles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r9d8d043520054ffca4011a56b0439640"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a1e7767b03bac4784922b3723ea5a4fa7">rolcreatedb</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__abd06e095c80648dda82ee1e85d82bc03"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text14952133313">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aa361f4a404134f9aa4129122a75be1c7">Whether the role can create databases</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__re1e5f0429cc340b8b84e0b428c98ac44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ac2ccbb70493d4e468b0a72378e15e58f">rolcatupdate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a093c5409bea8495d8d11191ad39b31fd"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text12733441316">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a00a48a18b28e41d8bb69ef456bf99af7">Whether the role can directly update system catalogs. Only the initial system administrator whose usesysid is 10 has this permission. It is not available for other users.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r58383571c6fb44a0871ea119e885f454"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a6f9ef9dcf7694ac3a3b7aa4e233c231a">rolcanlogin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__ae4300ac511fd43adabfdda1d17020609"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text199291622203113">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__affe94829727c4e2b906b4a7037f560a4">Whether a role can log in, that is, whether a role can be given as the initial session authorization identifier.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__raa214f881cb543ac89e5b8dc3fb51c4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a1294a6632492433ebed814e5cd0075c9">rolreplication</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aff829cbd14fa4805b752b905237c6c25"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text14133524193116">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a9ecdb373095f42bb92c64afbe5f223b1">Indicates that the role is a replicated one (an adaptation syntax and no actual meaning).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__re3ab8fcd603d48deab50b516e230f6c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aa031c994f2854c77875bde8f7f2125c3">rolauditadmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aac9e6f2858cc4a37a09cc498037a43f7"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text5247152512313">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a17b72141b3f64d6981ad7e9bb8a2e5c3">Indicates that the role is an audit user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r6abb801cb33945d9a2835c14c37ed1d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a2cb82422bd794872a2a8a96e1ac1789d">rolsystemadmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a717a2790346d447e9bd53efeea9ab0a8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text125068265316">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__abb5bd7f4139846bca5b8a8ec9686ede9">Indicates that the role is an administrator.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__re99afaec108b4fcf8de9cf99536add3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a2ac713a9e4104862bbccfeea683bee89">rolconnlimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a51d190cb0a2645a3a1accbd4725fba1e">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aed4fc72bb3d0459d83e7b5274b3347f7">For roles that can log in, this sets maximum number of concurrent connections this role can make. -1 means no limit.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__refa62d31521640b198b8aed60c2c95f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a2513ba920ff54908b46d32a255e64d65">rolpassword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a47ef79b1ce16446dafe42c42adcd8681">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aa2591fc1fbeb43b2941f435eadac17bf">Password (possibly encrypted); <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b204541625184613">NULL</strong> if no password.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__rf986998fd77f4a3084969cebe915d2e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a736f4c6acb9b4561a0c90cf6b90d880a">rolvalidbegin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__af10c46e78ef94c26a7da30e5ba192107">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a8523eab92e81473c9d51d67c0a2e26fd">Account validity start time; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b3517327154616">NULL</strong> if no start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r15405e83239449258e607d74fea2c5ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__afbb5901b98084307be64a73265faf43c">rolvaliduntil</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__addb1b0419b5c497598afe30675a3e8c5">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a7a055242930c434791b0db6c97d8c6db">Password expiry time; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b79332994616">NULL</strong> if no expiration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row3509919141536"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p7182303141542">rolrespool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p44895689141542">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p12672183141542">Resource pool that a user can use</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r818b441936164d63a4af73f11a496cbc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a1bcfbcfcac94497bbb204fcc697e28e7">roluseft</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__afaa4efae04664a5ea0ba009c100d513b"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__text3398192818319">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a6609c29cd54b425ebce1dabe55efeb75">Whether the role can perform operations on foreign tables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__r5f02471433064b2bb63366c4c96a20a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__a72185db1129f443bbe5cd1cfd6920306">rolparentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aceaa211ee136416c92f1f7f699f6674a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__aac91d83071334bccbbf2bbb21d5afa64">OID of a group user to which the user belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row63462165411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p16931219115415">roltabspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p12958151215544">Text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p179585126541">Storage space of the user permanent table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row55621534164613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p1056233418468">rolkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p15562534184611">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p456253474619">Special type of user, including private users, logical cluster administrators, and common users.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row628854355418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p3685114995419">rolnodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p968534910543">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p166851749125415">OID of a node group associated with a user. The node group must be a logical cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row117447133012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p137452011306">roltempspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p27451711303">Text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p137451415303">Storage space of the user temporary table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row11359525133014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p17360225123019">rolspillspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p1636016259304">Text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p43601125103010">Operator disk spill space of the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row5348358161620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p11389115018336">rolexcpdata</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p13508204503413">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p133792050173319">Reserved column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row1383613325174"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p1383714323179">rolauthinfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p9837632171715">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p2083753261715">Additional information when LDAP authentication is used. If other authentication modes are used, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b7445191761214">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row1468224881713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p186821848151715">rolpwdexpire</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p1468254819174">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p14682148111716">Password expiration time. Users can change their password before it expires. After the password expires, only the administrator can change the password. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__b1166156101310">-1</strong> indicates that the password never expires.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__row1118104371718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p14180430173">rolpwdtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p151916439175">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974712__p1619043151716">Time when a password is created</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0575.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0575.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08e2555c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0575.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AUTH_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__en-us_topic_0059778384_p113162843018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__b595771671312">PG_AUTH_HISTORY</strong> records the authentication history of the role. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__tfacdfaf1e28c4f0fb2c0067de9af4959" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AUTH_HISTORY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__r754b3543f6984181b49fd8f225e903cc"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11788821117888%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a94291d34c29f48d5a11d41cad71bf1d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.82681731826817%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__abe2efdcae2414140960544619cc0caa8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055294%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__aed8be3e6ac96465ab770d69554b4abe7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__rbf0a2daa27104c8aaebcacd7f75fc743"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11788821117888%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a51df212a59b34ba7b6de468eea2f9950">roloid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.82681731826817%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__ac19f34a81e184be499fbdd0d25fcfe96">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a046c9c4ced0c4ffbbbae9a8d5f20340b">ID of the role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__r631b58492cf9437299e998efaf15b59a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11788821117888%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a34f8898411894b879d1cb464d4c6e295">passwordtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.82681731826817%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a53c47e1d47a44a289ad77233106da583">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__ad23fab7aa5594892b66a7616942dabd2">Time of password creation and change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__rb8122d8c783546698e40af513de939da"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11788821117888%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a84eef6d4e21c49deb8ce15c2960a58b0">rolpassword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.82681731826817%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__a45af899b5a8b40f0bf369c5c9e188671">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.05529447055294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135034__ac8a6b10333754cf3b90d1b06df20686d">Role password that is encrypted using MD5 or SHA256, or that is not encrypted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0576.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0576.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2311002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0576.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AUTH_MEMBERS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a0f96b52cd1ef456781b6dc709fef1da8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__b9345120191517">PG_AUTH_MEMBERS</strong> records the membership relations between roles.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__tcb50e8de8a0346cc890ade1164158b5f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AUTH_MEMBERS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__rf6b13d353df24fada2e0fc566aa11212"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a3b1ffbda0ca84602a7da61f32684ef54"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__aa74a1bc040fb4edaad90e1cfb4d6bbee">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a86895bc5731e40298bce454fb3060566">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__rfdea5e86499c425c8b7b54c8a799d9a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__ad16e2921e67548d48a2603c41a75ea18">roleid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__adcf07f85ba844747b0bf4d8dd937ebe0">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a0657921f654b4daf8b854404f070b8f3">ID of a role that has a member</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__r07ab1437c4f14bc7854866d7dc4ab03a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a8d710807426648338e47d865581a1f3c">member</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__af1244475ea504cfc81779490d32c1e59">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__ad02b7484c7044bd7a853b03b977fcd29">ID of a role that is a member of ROLEID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__r5de538017aa24264a7cee025cd34274f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a1cbca0cd981243b5bdd0e6dfe4c13ebc">grantor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__ae2cb4daab9d54641af0dd6674298af0a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__acb5989df3f5447388bb7646d77d6db5d">ID of a role that grants this membership</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__rc6a2bbbdd9d549a29e57c428d5f514b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__af2e892673d9e4baaac90758fc63414e1">admin_option</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a6e6ab1da72b34690be6444d7727ba135"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__text3121230173116">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694517__a0f6c55a53f954ec4aeb26549456b8bb1">Whether a member can grant membership in ROLEID to others</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0577.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0577.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b3d008f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0577.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CAST</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a6d4ea64228b84d4e87ab8837753732bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b284989121713">PG_CAST</strong> records conversion relationships between data types.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__t50af1f6fe5544a28ab615cef087c5758" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CAST columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__rebd358ae6f724ef1a40552398601fffd"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__ac9574d3663454f0a91672008a5b6ba7e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a1b17971522ce4807b663be96b3ee4e01">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a492fac9366e7438380fab74c86fc9965">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__r0f75e7aecb154286abe417ef335a5c78"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__abdca6cce301b42f9b0798015b6d1f15b">castsource</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__af5394ad4b18b400daf2c2a362f75d230">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__ad27f12778bae4c9d8eb5958e72f63620">OID of the source data type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__rffc47c5a850e4b5e98ddb00c7f6d2527"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a06f485524441415ab0d0a1d60e5f9273">casttarget</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a0fd030c2f7aa46a29ce56db361265b56">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a3db5d675de294bc6a1a38e8622f165c4">OID of the target data type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__r470bbfd0f47c4c20a86253886d25885f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a44e5e9b89ee944d6847035621bf44e8f">castfunc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__af77c61e5e73e4ea1b56a3bfbd21b5b7a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__af009abbd45974e628d93a0dfe93f8a7b">OID of the conversion function. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b99418337291">0</strong>, no conversion function is required.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__r132abcfedb8048afac16148f1a8998b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a2da926fe34144852875234d59afd4b77">castcontext</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a40998b2a59ef4f76a0e1b1687136e6f4">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a8ad0ce8ede83467fa990df8e4818f56c">Conversion mode between the source and target data types</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__u1669cdacdbfb4e2c98b89578d6b98887"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__l4bd9ebb916d549cc847b48a5880d1293"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b10870174414296">e</strong> indicates that only explicit conversion can be performed (using the CAST or :: syntax).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__lc8802bc247ad4385995a37c66b7d7413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b52431526193010">i</strong> indicates that only implicit conversion can be performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__la18dc7339ddb471988f4934798bc3d87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b79017338300">a</strong> indicates that both explicit and implicit conversion can be performed between data types.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__r3d4861a3eb9f436e9dfd6a2ee4df88e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__a4d7d97a59b18414dabc923f308ce610b">castmethod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__aaa7711d8fd8e4f59a0c1fbbf3e021c55">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__ad057e130e0a044449d564ebaf4257907">Conversion method</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__ud930a19c882947ee840810d3a2cde704"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__lb72575c070304bbf9a0acdd0db0ca748"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b1179410423119">f</strong> indicates that conversion is performed using the specified function in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b1438111532303">castfunc</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__l32e0b98317354f5ead44c400d5e1e4b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b95501317133119">b</strong> indicates that binary forcible conversion rather than the specified function in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974830__b18405813112">castfunc</strong> column is performed between data types.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0578.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0578.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69716a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0578.html
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CLASS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2c6d6532ba664f6994040db4284fc46f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b154121912112112">PG_CLASS</strong> records database objects and their relations.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__t3abfd6e441eb45a4bfc3db39f4c6b753" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CLASS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r56455170e6c541e0bf052684a982eae0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af63c1b4260e4464db037c2b0381864ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a499c9987098a4f9bb4555adbea992070">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ab6d031bc5cb3484ebaaf209d27c2a288">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r95a4cc4a35a945ec95426c2e81fd9771"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8909e8bbe334492f990b66cad3fda8bc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ae4e113358c424a6c80fac62077e8b8b0">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2acd0a78a2394916a6d9cb506563e32f">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r7e669baa61124bdcb06a3dae9944b21d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ac2b06a575a1b40259b97a14c41bfb1d4">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a91d9f0a668694574aa02554c4ce465fe">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__adbba51aa8f58427d829aac35e6d1eb24">Name of an object, such as a table, index, or view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r4faa80d480ea465c87c71166e009cf1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2be2751933bd44caac5033f221bd8654">relnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a0c93c7d448ed444ca7163eb698550cac">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ab5ec55fae8cd402bb27147377f27a0b1">OID of the namespace that contains the relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r409594f5d3ec4abb9bcf26bcd8cb10e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a352e9d337dce401589a39da54de8f2ab">reltype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ac8a5c059e06d48df97ddf1e1824f0218">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ae6390a7d2ac948189033f613be89ce4a">Data type that corresponds to this table's row type (the index is 0 because the index does not have <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b71317610128">pg_type</strong> record)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra89a5b8e2fc5489db3b6be61314e9200"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a05c7605aded84dfab68a34582a8915a5">reloftype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af064542cd97c4f6f8a4946c5a6c51f32">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2e8913f9249e4c48ac4c46e134f74829">OID is of composite type. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270619231">0</strong> indicates other types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__re0123a072d9d4bc694d4d7e9f866c0cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8f58bdaa1a224bd488c2df5f8d478dba">relowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a458f77623fa74b31bf691de72a6f6d5c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aad8cb82f362647ec9b996df220ca370c">Owner of the relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r0b01cd5574f4497490a7b3a586c5e3a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ac767044dbf604c2e966293bf00c0b7df">relam</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7c5f77e5f6b149d780ce12447e1254e2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6b675377c28a49c3954a8fdab9c80fbb">Specifies the access method used, such as B-tree and hash, if this is an index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r7f84a8eeb598436b99e3c44990ce2956"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a354539aa002f482087bfb8aeed18cd5e">relfilenode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9b651a461d7145e7b59df6824a4c8e8f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a97e1f0ed04b14bce85d1db4d1ce108d7">Name of the on-disk file of this relationship. If such file does not exist, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270619236">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rdb98e820c8074d1897ef09023d5e098f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af34f77759a7a4725957deaae3448943e">reltablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7b4eb01f14444bc7acad922cb8241813">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aca972095c13b4885ab7ec9b521c98026">Tablespace in which this relationship is stored. If its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192832">0</strong>, the default tablespace in this database is used. This column is meaningless if the relationship has no on-disk file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rcbf4526a88794e9f916cd39bed0090c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a4ea52ab7fa6b44368ad6057a24ff8aa7">relpages</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aeb3b10ad616944399f0c4f5ac9d00dd3">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a523fb7f4814d47e2b0940d2f90ae8344">Size of the on-disk representation of this table in pages (of size BLCKSZ). This is only an estimate used by the optimizer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r614bf6c39f76469d9878867dc52b914e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a1e24bd374b4040849b7d41f16561a206">reltuples</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af93a90a5c6924fc0a51f513df5b4c05e">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2245f1e94e5e4d038bb9a9991361a278">Number of rows in the table. This is only an estimate used by the optimizer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__re005e26440844d2e91d28efc7fcd9f2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ad98cf3830c5046fc8b84ddd502cd758d">relallvisible</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7ff5581e3dab400c864ebbb70bc1f564">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a85401fdf80d24d98b32799ee4fc01a5a">Number of pages marked as all visible in the table. This column is used by the optimizer for optimizing SQL execution. It is updated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b1584811279114">VACUUM</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b1259715290113">ANALYZE</strong>, and a few DDL statements such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b1914143912110">CREATE INDEX</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r4c43685209564cea8d751ef80e0f446a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a52432cda8b184aef9ffb820b5a476508">reltoastrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7e50f314b33742748a568768dd6debea">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2696410d53084d5e91fba2ca355ae2b6">OID of the TOAST table associated with this table. The OID is 0 if no TOAST table exists.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a72e0a2dcd155485da3ef243d32c339ba">The TOAST table stores large columns "offline" in a secondary table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r0ed1799100994f8db3ed709cf62a4280"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ad2dc67a32fa544248d216ed97f012ca6">reltoastidxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aaff62fc4378347b4903836f97b2ed665">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af09ce660c97441df99720bd4b24a6e1b">OID of the index for a TOAST table. The OID is 0 for a table other than a TOAST table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__re0456ffc16d549cf83e0a8ad207df88a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a57513ed7b74647bda07b789642bc8b8c">reldeltarelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a1b89a4e78fb34120b1d4170d0edb3a5b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p51161450161111">OID of a Delta table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aea669501a1da4f7b95b5f0ab80ff1d14">Delta tables belong to column-store tables. They store long tail data generated during data import.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r9624b5abe1a4476783df5f1dee54ab10"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a077b8ac34d93441db6617ff7cb3ae690">reldeltaidx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2644741f410545dd8030f3f23ff1d4bc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__abc964661840f4f58b40333804d26d82f">OID of the index for a Delta table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra508dc5eead641f6a2aa1f8da92ffbf1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a0d14842ea7c1401c9b315e886f9b2b2c">relcudescrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a5efb33b2b60e424cbdc873ed8bb028b6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aca3c70f131bf45bebfeef179c76e5db4">OID of a CU description table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p9625121010391">CU description tables (Desc tables) belong to column-store tables. They control whether storage data in the HDFS table directory is visible.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r4cea1cbd60e844a28e08b6bb5b494b1c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a44e04b3cffa9482bb26652183e619175">relcudescidx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6efea5fe26ce43f3ad251ca73d0a81b3">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6bcd3b78871a47d497112564d3915b50">OID of the index for a CU description table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r63b5556cf3324b45af956e763cc28c39"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ae2f87cb035044d18a5815e8f8d436c02">relhasindex</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ad4db28b8af1c49aa82da455ea74feceb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text11412540173111">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7e16ce865dee4475ac79aa9fc9b28ede">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270617185">true</strong> if this column is a table and has (or recently had) at least one index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9f1687c8933844d0bb6d86f53965706b">It is set by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b20643641216">CREATE INDEX</strong> but is not immediately cleared by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b764762127">DROP INDEX</strong>. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b6646671217">VACUUM</strong> process detects that a table has no index, it clears the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b156420619123">relhasindex</strong> column and sets the value to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706171759">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r0922c4e2a0d847eeb71e9d728b060d88"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a5dbf32e63cef417caac5ba949234ce43">relisshared</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aa0375bb370034e6e92453f208d1d9f7b"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text1717183818318">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a50faabf589af4af9aef7104a1c6a80b4">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192719">true</strong> if the table is shared across all databases in the cluster. Only certain system catalogs (such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270616831">pg_database</strong>) are shared.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra3dcbc671f9246ebbf6ab3fd7ee78936"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a77510db5230042f8a02aff39d918069a">relpersistence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8804a2f314e9435c85d7c23309c3250b">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ue45793e1e5a840aaa9bd4900df5635d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__led0cfa216cd14c3d809f1c407e265f1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192353">p</strong> indicates a permanent table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__le5116ccf9ce849fe8a5b3f69ff092818"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192856">u</strong> indicates a non-log table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l18eed6eda3b94681aa49d842ee0d1c8d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270619290">t</strong> indicates a temporary table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r8a356531a1294b57aaf7deba8c555955"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a156c5044042e49f0b4a7fbf3a18b240c">relkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9bc87e2485294fee9c4f74744811c7e1">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__u93a5b96a52dc4a3489e42d16a9665f00"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l51f4aa16e6a8446a9c4dc1ff3ddf123f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192913">r</strong> indicates an ordinary table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__lde9e799302d942408fc7f0ac9c0ef896"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192959">i</strong> indicates an index.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l98b34cf5f20a45ce8bca3fd2c6b7180a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270619301">S</strong> indicates a sequence.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l22b215a7791b4562a17caa43cfe8577f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193010">v</strong> indicates a view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__li1526073392218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193013">c</strong> indicates the composite type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l98d1d1eefaee4294845aa6971f19f733"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193019">t</strong> indicates a TOAST table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__li1685532317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270618488">f</strong> indicates a foreign table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r352e13a84aa34375877584114af9ab17"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a208acc5e88f847fa87a1d73525bf18ba">relnatts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a90cc0ef5aca140aa98bf7e570da19b7d">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6bf5fe552e1e4479900b13bb5c371bf8">Number of user columns in the relationship (excluding system columns) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b10874601212">pg_attribute</strong> has the same number of rows corresponding to the user columns.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r0637f68d63bc40e09a6ead1cc7ed2fd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ae0ba79beacdc47baa9650a8fddf2f2e4">relchecks</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a3958fc7559c64dadbcf8f6ad00e10d53">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a25ffbd5694ee49e89a6d8b27d60a1e8e">Number of constraints on a table. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0580.html">PG_CONSTRAINT</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rf1013ac8812a4946b92b7922cb4e6249"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af8aa009b31bc4a58a88d1a3f9b51ec6d">relhasoids</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8060f4746b5c4c179a438323515647fe"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text12891640113116">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9513c14fa1fe4b569795be600e71ab94">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192730">true</strong> if an OID is generated for each row of the relationship.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r53f0841afed24bccbc1ef3d45f17b7d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a527c4b8b6c2c4ae49fcf4b5824681227">relhaspkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a43564ab9937f436a90377937c7593ec5"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text1487616408318">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a134f7bef4ced417a8783940b4369ef89">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192732">true</strong> if the table has (or once had) a primary key.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rf956b3972d9b483a99cfbefad3dbd626"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aea3848d7cee4489989514847bdaa122d">relhasrules</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a0fc4f1a1c3b545159f8d3dc108511feb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text11597164143114">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ab037d9999ecb402e91b793dec7188497">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b1459754198211550">true</strong> if the table has rules. See table <a href="dws_04_0614.html">PG_REWRITE</a> to check whether it has rules.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__raebb657c5c5c48c9849d123401293dd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8c8b30cef36b4ff8a9d2ed86073b2685">relhastriggers</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af68d517dbcd24dea8ed9b3a2d7fb2452"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text833110423319">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aaf2eac245d774330b013af79c34a5b07">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b10696534411">true</strong> if the table has (or once had) triggers. See <a href="dws_04_0623.html">PG_TRIGGER</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rd9f3ecd0da1248409b96ed1bd7aeb163"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a72f2b7b2210648edbf694c8515525513">relhassubclass</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a4e3b7cd2c22e47c7a342867ce1eded05"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text113759438319">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a629cab9c032a4f4d86a57084a4744495">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706192737">true</strong> if the table has (or once had) any inheritance child table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r4641535c210841a7a6086be5be083ccc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a838b6763224d47f7899ea27abc990067">relcmprs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a00cf97c56dd24b8282e3fb8494c252ac">tinyint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__abef964eed3354024a805495d21f9ec36">Whether the compression feature is enabled for the table. Note that only batch insertion triggers compression so ordinary CRUD does not trigger compression.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__u242f533ed82c43f889d0c3262f315cdc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__la11dab05e6f7472d9fd16507fa6b2f94"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b84235270619318">0</strong> indicates other tables that do not support compression (primarily system tables, on which the compression attribute cannot be modified).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l3c8655b58a9545dfb93986ff978f0cc4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193111">1</strong> indicates that the compression feature of the table data is NOCOMPRESS or has no specified keyword.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l49bee5e1f8cf42fabf819b19050129a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193114">2</strong> indicates that the compression feature of the table data is COMPRESS.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rf290a28962b64610a2c27288b02ba5f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6b90233b26c641f2bd059a61c9a523d8">relhasclusterkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aeecb67bc1eae490fab430bd36a7a6acb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text54982463312">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__afbfae390b44041b8b974bbb8a738263e">Whether the local cluster storage is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__re3787a806d0b4547a3cce834770edf51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ace55e7182b024a61913e25b6f4cf2a52">relrowmovement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ade964aa78e544e2d9f1d5366bb692ea6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__text1093775019311">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a5e728c72fca24f8ca8a184c8d98c0928">Whether the row migration is allowed when the partitioned table is updated</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ua2fac4615f7c411fae40a64931f4f4ea"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l13772e8b62744ae8be5788929bdbbe50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193133">true</strong> indicates that the row migration is allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l380b94fbfb134485988448da44710224"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193138">false</strong> indicates that the row migration is not allowed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rbaa4acdf21754291bd6f6ea369574c67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7227e6c44e3a475fba38c34e7d6ebc7a">parttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7ca3eafd77864872a326c8efa77d5142">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6792eaf1c15a4933bb5b1b0ad667ef36">Whether the table or index has the property of a partitioned table</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__u9362650a5ed746e1860c873b7697b409"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l3713b9ef8ab949c0b9b358d94aeea79f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193144">p</strong> indicates that the table or index has the property of a partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l3ab2826b8ec544d2a607f0ef53b639d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193147">n</strong> indicates that the table or index does not have the property of a partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__l14b88bcf6b4440a9a66ec153839043a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b842352706193149">v</strong> indicates that the table is the value partitioned table in the HDFS.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r20ff302b0432416cb48ce49b5426dd94"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9b34601ddc55407bb87ac98fdc4cb6ba">relfrozenxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7ee061a69a73449aa3dba111fed5fa9f">xid32</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p19698102273214">All transaction IDs before this one have been replaced with a permanent ("frozen") transaction ID in this table. This column is used to track whether the table needs to be vacuumed in order to prevent transaction ID wraparound (or to allow <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b32441523104110">pg_clog</strong> to be shrunk). The value is 0 (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b728112514111">InvalidTransactionId</strong>) if the relationship is not a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a363679cca57f4c2197378fcd83849be6">To ensure forward compatibility, this column is reserved. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b252724884113">relfrozenxid64</strong> column is added to record the information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rd39a73f185de4fe5bbf664d37ea80f5d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a156bcf0cbcba41649ec88908f15d5d2d">relacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a5fbfff6ec39042df9af7d660782b2492">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__abc4a4e36a7404a7681644fcafc54d348">Access permissions</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aae6bed04101a4dce8abc870a1439f378">The command output of the query is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__s905a21acaa034c63ab20b33328db7cbe"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">rolename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">xxxx</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">yyyy</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">--Assigning privileges to a role</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__s443cea808ba64de195bd6958bde94ac1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">xxxx</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">yyyy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Assigning the permission to public</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a169ad8d45b8142a3b14eb004dc62dc59"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__i11295617194719">xxxx</em> indicates the assigned privileges, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__i18300201734711">yyyy</em> indicates the roles that are assigned to the privileges. For details about permission descriptions, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__teb11e17087cf4090985c04b03f3e2336">Table 2</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r3ea33b4a38ee401ca11f4ef373a69720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a123b125b9ce24be481c290254efbba80">reloptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a29265b5964ec4d5793721425cbdb1152">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6151ac43d4b3405d963bb90a6d687a91">Access-method-specific options, as "keyword=value" strings</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__row11845015339"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p1918516011336">relfrozenxid64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p18185509339">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p171281349143316">All transaction IDs before this one have been replaced with a permanent ("frozen") transaction ID in this table. This column is used to track whether the table needs to be vacuumed in order to prevent transaction ID wraparound (or to allow <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b98791005424">pg_clog</strong> to be shrunk). The value is 0 (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__b168901564425">InvalidTransactionId</strong>) if the relationship is not a table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__teb11e17087cf4090985c04b03f3e2336"></a><a name="teb11e17087cf4090985c04b03f3e2336"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__teb11e17087cf4090985c04b03f3e2336" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Description of privileges</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r337cfc46846a4094ada9f7b2647f37b4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__aa09cc9dcdf2a4660a75ecf6ee3bdc544">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a9868b88d02b344dd94f1a66082fee4a7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r08a97a3636b547dbb234074006f7e283"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a8116297e3c4b4bb7a70a41ce3a6bd831">r</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a4efa0f431659428c8957f4f1f10a52b5">SELECT (read)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r0aaeb9b3191d441993cafeba17c0630d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a3195bf9962d148d2b47bb14165f758bf">w</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__abddc99914d294fa0b1665d59c2009a6b">UPDATE (write)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__re8ed824db33743babc8e82eecd1cda20"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a375f346d1b164c88be889bac6af12f7f">a</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ab86e9d5dcde64a12b6e5ca872f6b2ffa">INSERT (insert)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r5ad476944e9540aa8b9494c39e3117cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a4281fcbc90e946c1aaf55b333956f085">d</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a7811fe3fc7654117bffc79ebebc63e43">DELETE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r2671b5ade44c42678a8ffa4a8c643aff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ac929b72eeb684bb0be1291a95f6dde06">D</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a698ee478a0924e01bd8787d5c093ba2f">TRUNCATE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__r07277a720f964e8cb10710d64289c31b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a22fed3d0e39347c4af30f11f71b3858a">x</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a93a1157c7d49461898fe1e78c121e09a">REFERENCES</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra49983ff38de41388aeceb533f745494"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a20b114127c2f4261b67838728e0b47f0">t</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ad28f4218bbb043bba5c710eca753b15e">TRIGGER</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra09643bad0564d22a5712effe110133b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ad26fafd9e53d456dbef84e3ef02d71bc">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a2be7e831a74a40fdbfc9233e135616d1">EXECUTE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rf5fd706585c34a52ab34c38cd6ee68b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af68f504ca11149919df7e00a062ffbdf">U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a024a8545455142d6822df6a2e2b6cbf1">USAGE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ra20c54aeb7db4c41970876e4b9b87160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__ab1e8db5fa02e44fd9a68cef227af238c">C</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a01a1112cd1dd41b9a05681d434d2310c">CREATE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rb5508ca1dc204e11b16e9d3dde779546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__afe8053aafa3c41c4ab7b24e82605f853">c</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__abd4e08c6ba34479397af71119a2fb036">CONNECT</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__reeca58577c3342828db7d9f6884d3eb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a6c50df31af954f5390a2243f632f369f">T</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a36409222e19b44b69990bc8bfc4377d7">TEMPORARY</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__row6698182012319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p369942092314">A</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p469932072312">ANALYZE|ANALYSE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rfba592c1bb2a40b08d487f06f0308d1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__af43abe8497444feda6a47c90852bd57b">arwdDxtA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a1c315a94dadf492b9b91cc8ee9c33d1d">ALL PRIVILEGES (used for tables)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__rac02ea3bd34d4992a24aea2cab364f22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.87%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a27f23b0106a943c7b2c7a61661953085">*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="72.13000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__a19f0c9d06de54abba80cbd2281994275">Authorization options for preceding permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__section1047616353919"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p18128822671">View the OID and relfilenode of a table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__screen157185558816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">relfilenode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'table_name'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p330613123014">Count row-store tables.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__screen787828173019"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'row count:'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relkind</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reloptions</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%column%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reloptions</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%internal_mask%'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__p379995510298">Count column-store tables.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134762__screen10455813153018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'column count:'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relkind</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reloptions</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%column%'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0579.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0579.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98a98e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0579.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COLLATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__en-us_topic_0059779096_p266911115517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__b842352706161245">PG_COLLATION</strong> records the available collations, which are essentially mappings from an SQL name to operating system locale categories.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__tcf17e1852b3d4a77bd7850740d25c57d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_COLLATION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r1a709d808f284a6da87857d98a6f04ee"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a505623765e2141999442b3104cf5eb37">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__ad441944323d0432f81997fc75fc2a173">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a895081082f504c03b1ef452006f236c6">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a5375278c4a66422880ff70c8004edea7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r320c08a09bc44a45b264f182e0d26a5a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a967ac63484c64c7b955d8af91e81758a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a4f264267d9a5468492cba92990b15118">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a326ca52c50034e72914af273084d8ccf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a8138c65432354d9390daf7224f19e83e">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r22f9dc82e938444d9fc535143635eb1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a57d94c93c6dd4ad1b84418b93cf8594f">collname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__ac1b8b10f132a49cb8f2c889a499f56e1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a483634c1c96c4cbdbd1827320f9e81ad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a3a26e0e66dc841e19ed6b26c4e6c8991">Collation name (unique per namespace and encoding)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r967ab5df4085453b9179728b295a0be9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a683274065cc945349ea32faf69f42422">collnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__aada4c310c4064b8eb678e4c0acbadb12">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a27964bdfcd7c4916984737ccd24edbfb"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__afbfd5194357a4a46bdb745a90e51d64e">OID of the namespace that contains this collation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r1ea29d6382984329a29f048402742461"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__ada50acb055ef448fadc3dbe97f9a9cf3">collowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a856a26cdeff1485388d607c8874bda7b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__abe6e97862ddf40bda7c1254fb2d661ed"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a64e8cd8492dc4c4ab7c5a4142a865714">Owner of the collation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r0366b5c47bad4fb1bed1be63de4cfc31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a49ebb5dea23344b7a521994944a99ea2">collencoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__ac7c3dbc5ffe44b7b8f7a446dde4445e4">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a1dba4958793f4b49ad1c0d3eddf690bf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a9ba96de9d4c548509c1dc8286b6f0f5f">Encoding in which the collation is applicable, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__b842352706193229">-1</strong> if it works for any encoding</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__r37a84b27ca684161a0953553092303d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a903d30ee81ae43dd9d32b29fc4af0429">collcollate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a72e9677008f3418185b53c16528c2d85">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__abbe71cbfa16b4c31a40b61e81fe28c32">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a516cf223715b409883c317c5b1fda0c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__b842352706161631">LC_COLLATE</strong> for this collation object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__rdb2c6bc8d7d549f9b07fa8ee5dff9ab8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a7d6b574ea39f474e957b9e091c32a266">collctype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__acac052623f10430ca7cd8c4318564d0f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a7b6e3462def74a8e89aa793b964728b5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__a352bfd6650924311b9f49f569e30c83c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814658__b691333570">LC_CTYPE</strong> for this collation object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0580.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0580.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b837ab87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0580.html
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CONSTRAINT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa05fdd2e9df84727a08dbc750256cebe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b19501136172515">PG_CONSTRAINT</strong> records check, primary key, unique, and foreign key constraints on the tables.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__t91844888ccf74ee79e60e8df01177fc8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CONSTRAINT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r685693c9763b44daa5b23b7158c8cca8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a955b8f96e74f4d42b9ab070a27813fb4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a6bbcc242196247fcb5fc3b3c10e36324">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a041550a69eab451196efad802fdc0c26">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r40c606ab179442ef9aff793455a0b827"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a62ed4a3e8f784e6880e0c233cb9f7d95">conname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__abeee53bc85784e8293074c72b81048d9">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a390668d38893477a80f7f0a1eb3b1ef5">Constraint name (not necessarily unique)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r14d218d7fefb482ba7a2dc0ccf8b7662"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ac862d489374c4d0a8fbbd7e7a7a76f38">connamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a7cb140adfd2e4e07a7dbddcd9fc2d817">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a34141e7ef52f40b0bb11925c7ada4f68">OID of the namespace that contains the constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r37f4eb06dcb24c11bbf3ac7f22888402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a4b7cd888ae47405db95407c79816ccd0">contype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a67678ba092fc480cbbbd156c09db2c42">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__u81bfa4a0794e408a872ee8e838a84e73"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ld08c6d6551f242deaab9c221ceab7332"><strong>c</strong> indicates check constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l0a99f3ba58194d63a3417fb9fdbdddb0"><strong>f</strong> indicates foreign key constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l4d054525e2c743d3b3928334705e76a8"><strong>p</strong> indicates primary key constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l549c8e99404a4ca4ac6e25223a3c0659"><strong>u</strong> indicates unique constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__li144817312203"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b977553305717">t</strong> indicates trigger constraints.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rda00615bf5304bdfb5228bd50fe9f977"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a014719a18fa24e4392446d60b82af963">condeferrable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a89f89a33d14f46a8ac1aa903a94c8df2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text1912115813112">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a8943ad6e6cfa4468a1af72972e6bca6f">Whether the constraint can be deferrable</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r853448ec8f6b405c8e797de8d45a9f8c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a2af05193917d4e11b3aaff8ac5d9a080">condeferred</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a1490f6e1276c4c2ab09688a5f22b26de"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text1779365963117">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a13d88de2889045d0aadffc9354b8965c">Whether the constraint can be deferrable by default</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r4d25712c85be4b2e8b3cbc3f4b3025e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a03fcc3c762f14637a2a68f6e08f681a1">convalidated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a53026db5f5b84441be35b6fcf82df41e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text15682014320">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a3759d5fe6b1f43a49265a94c8219d0c3">Whether the constraint is valid Currently, only foreign key and check constraints can be set to false.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r3abf234c4f2444fc8b9830c3e07fcae3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a4bd0ed1d2a164c10b99aafb18bd612b6">conrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ad1bc55b1b0154f2296637ae15fde1011">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ac323ed9b14014809bdd9438b2ce1e589">Table containing this constraint. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b842352706193419">0</strong> if it is not a table constraint.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rcfe1f9812c31475c9ddc2cb5929a3f4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aed3938113bcd4d21ba520e3a60a0ed1d">contypid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a4e946b7eb5004d62a1b43640d44b3034">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a7849c7353cb5442b8c3e82ba70d01321">Domain containing this constraint. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b842352706193422">0</strong> if it is not a domain constraint.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r59955245059c426eb3df512b943108b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__af41afe74b0074741976d2b45582f869d">conindid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ae91666db9ad84c9ca045a566824fa039">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a8583a5cd762740e290c398ba396e2662">ID of the index associated with the constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rc4679d11b4614e6fa71320e0f31caf33"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ab58a03933b914d0688f09c9938afdc95">confrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ac760870a5bfe45329a57eca4db2af450">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa2fdf253ece640039d9dae7e9e1698de">Referenced table if this constraint is a foreign key; otherwise, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b842352706193430">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rd4287c1f66d24c418eabab26bb465651"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a1e1871e760134801ac791564c5f21059">confupdtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a792e195ce0df49f98ff31dd3d82d1478">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ae464c48b6b48406a9e732388f9d43d5d">Foreign key update action code</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__uf85d9b91a3ae4bc892e18c2d00cdf23c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l540d286e73a34a609b5725610c471679"><strong>a</strong> indicates no action.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ld41b36ae1e184d39a600dbc434616ef9"><strong>r</strong> indicates restriction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l312b2e2db1ac4e73895c98250049186e"><strong>c</strong> indicates cascading.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__lbecde32b44394cc084aec63efb7077b6"><strong>n</strong> indicates that the parameter is set to null.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l067302b290b14726976bb24f06fce6d0"><strong>d</strong> indicates that the default value is used.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r66b2ab1a92f24b5cb89a4ce361e585cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a8e84884f73484d5893c68d741d1bf345">confdeltype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ab580b9e8d6d84d4390547ad1a51beaa3">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a453db295813846bab179cecc4bcb5833">Foreign key deletion action code</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__u1536e5ee327b4c988de67ffc3306978f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ld9dc13623551474fa9220a2a9949a696"><strong>a</strong> indicates no action.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l810361f15bb54edba9c69766ea401e1e"><strong>r</strong> indicates restriction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l829efcd882ab4e2297b6fb47668bf26c"><strong>c</strong> indicates cascading.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__lfcf810bd1d154db29f5e3c72fde9674e"><strong>n</strong> indicates that the parameter is set to null.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l929b0f35cc674d45998c64d4cd7f3d9c"><strong>d</strong> indicates that the default value is used.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r34cbb7f0542e45c797e2d7b39e73e23f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a3bb2ce28e9ce4ad6b9d3ca4cfd9ddb71">confmatchtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a60796a415e244f1a85ae0b8b0c07a5b3">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa64ddfa0b26f4f9baa19980ba8caebe7">Foreign key match type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__udbbc9aa3a5e54dafb6a22a0d2ea02b36"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l54dc24ef2df449cdb6422e34743336b8"><strong>f</strong> indicates full match.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l101d8d63cda14d0a9f10069f94d9b5cf"><strong>p</strong> indicates partial match.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l5c5854608c5c43e2807e71d677c4232b"><strong>u</strong> indicates simple match (not specified).</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r24aa226172124ea2b0ad3d1a7cb2df19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a5202a433c9c5447bba1bf5d9a4e04bf6">conislocal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__abb1e213f44284b98b17fa2a381737001"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text169152110327">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ad9ace979b0294c7fb14c2bc42ae5a2c9">Whether the local constraint is defined for the relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r1d7dbcf8cb2f418eb03855694d1c6bba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__af12fb705c7554246b29a5f7f316918e4">coninhcount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa1a0c1ee62f24412b2558f90c09c92d5">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a908b2758051c47a8aeedb0fb5e18adfb">Number of direct inheritance parent tables this constraint has. When the number is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b842352706162925">0</strong>, the constraint cannot be deleted or renamed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r0d4a01c64b4c4957872f0276a488eb87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ace6c931ef76c4d9484d882d0c8a1e4a9">connoinherit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a750c36ec905b4ed389d342929a1a2d0d"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text78754212320">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a38eca0f8c0e74d36a2b06cb13a32c4a6">Whether the constraint can be inherited</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r59386945be374c8f880ccbe2a03846cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a935ab3b578db4528a5bb0694812302e7">consoft</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa622af9a55c64eb68f820e03ffe2ccc9"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text3940153183218">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a673f69bdeeb046428915128d4426585e">Whether the column indicates an informational constraint.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rc36fcc6bec884d0f992157ff81e7e581"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ab965eaa525c54557acad28adc196d3ae">conopt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aee10e36f6544441c8a4a4875ca6aa136"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__text57651416329">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a74d768aa2c584584bbb7150cf46c4085">Whether you can use Informational Constraint to optimize the execution plan. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r42e9d392119140d0971b59d4b2867210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a74835b3a2f6d4e3f9287e75638fa047d">conkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a20287c7a282f4472b5a9a33fcc60ccd3">smallint[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ab07fe071cb3147419ea8f60893c8eaef">Column list of the constrained control if this column is a table constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r860c9b5dbab14e2a8a1250adb3c8ea8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a789e011e31054cafa182f8deeac5d1ce">confkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a0b5ac8050b9449e9baa0f3c7024b077b">smallint[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a187342d332194705818dcf879a084e92">List of referenced columns if this column is a foreign key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rf243f663d2c049caa5fc68dfc47631e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a63bb042dec3746bc91573f01bea2ae1b">conpfeqop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aef7225b459064b96b3f543963e94646a">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aeb465085fd9a4dd994627e61952fbafa">ID list of the equality operators for PK = FK comparisons if this column is a foreign key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__rf81ef7cb5f3a4550a0a72d0af9c9bcc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__af9f95951292a4a489785aae4d8514fd3">conppeqop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__aa516aeb909224c4c92cc7d00c36f5337">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a03224b693fb14cf28af195a3665a4da2">ID list of the equality operators for PK = PK comparisons if this column is a foreign key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r3de6df25822d414a8ff853035a2e730b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__acd1efb3a5b88421cb579ce401804e429">conffeqop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a42e278ec45d243f48e42cc5754089c6d">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a1bef2798cd9a409b9dbadcccd237b7aa">ID list of the equality operators for FK = FK comparisons if this column is a foreign key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r93f0312e03964169aafe42e0f6dcfc52"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ac3f917fba5d34a99b702b2bfd76adae5">conexclop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__abe4869f6b256400db11a9b2426bd633d">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a897f8fc05aa3494a86412f190be5f8a8">ID list of the per-column exclusion operators if this column is an exclusion constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r715e809cbdb54aacb4ad090ff5d60c41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__af71ecc014986462abc3d980e437df6f1">conbin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__ac3b9b3bbebf14539800aac7d63f95b30">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__af29958f6909b422bb8240f8aa46817b4">Internal representation of the expression if this column is a check constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__r118e4d72c8a24f8792266216b00979b4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a86a0e581abdb44ebac4a49ce11531977">consrc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a62316ca5c387456ebfdd078ce9f971a2">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__a25fae0a4e74945f6834e685b12d172c3">Human-readable representation of the expression if this column is a check constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__n365e9b19f40744688c34caf17ad22759"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__u737d7c29196c48e08cb64745cb261316"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__lcc3057c54a0140cbadb81b6e7e77d294"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b1627410401087">consrc</strong> is not updated when referenced objects change; for example, it will not track renaming of columns. Rather than relying on this field, it's best to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b41742024181010">pg_get_constraintdef()</strong> to extract the definition of a check constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__l13e6d89d5146473e961e4597a8d25e8c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694743__b2679539151013">pg_class.relchecks</strong> must be consistent with the number of check-constraint entries in this table for each relationship.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0581.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0581.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63ea6530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0581.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CONVERSION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a48f1e358f74a48d79826b518ca6930e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__b14408165572814">PG_CONVERSION</strong> records encoding conversion information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__t58f42419ac824276b7b38bf37a37fb72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CONVERSION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__r1d228012cfe84531a9bbbfe57efb358b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__aac4c89f86475414eae4f44f7f2c98597">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a7664c4da27ae4ec592b36a9140fd262e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ad382682407ab4f049bf4126896fe6322">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ab85b72c083e9469b8a38b17cd33688b9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__re7ac7266f2b64aa3a12bbd9ef9d45543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a8091fc11fcbc46eb864163a8a5dc2026">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ae513e4bcfad14d9d910a9c800cdba17a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a20c55258a40f4c1da1cca50edc0d4c93">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a5da61447f39e471f8bdcd3fe2067335c">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__r43ff4a392f42417c98ee9413155f61af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a5d20eea882bc4ab69c09fc3c4a46dafb">conname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a0ccda5ed00bb492d80d8c1da0c67d0a4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a4f39212802714a1f85ee5fb6ce83e8b5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a4e044cc675e445b086a1c83d9efc24f2">Conversion name (unique in a namespace)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__rd4ea8e8848104c6b85c498d2bd9c563c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a10d9a8dd4aa84e4c9d8f2ae60d786884">connamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ae431fe5d90ff48e39649d8b67352fa72">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a427f231e9bb244eab43a9a77e59bb31c"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a34277f13e767432fa1fbc29ba3b7a36d">OID of the namespace that contains this conversion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__r81b51ccf51aa46a499ca0800a4fc16f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__afb9acd04906945e7849a5d7cd7135afa">conowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ab396e89a79c14c1db1379b7d22066699">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ae77e790c7bae48d9949681b4e3c4c26d"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a12836ee3bf1e43fe9521b13f2eadcd66">Owner of the conversion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__rfc7308181b5c49ff908c3d0206a165af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a93259fc3ebc94aedb7b0c9c933204061">conforencoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a2c6496bf6ec4421bbf7beea724dcd885">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ae57015793f9847229631d39505fc60e4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__acccdeed1cadc4ad7b6125aa7196bdf38">Source encoding ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__r7806a474f3324ae1ab37fea40e9f3a89"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a914abf936727459bab4abb23ad775f8f">contoencoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__aae6901fd2d70430b9377b717021e0733">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a0fdbe13b26f64f139e0c0ba05d0a9c51">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ab188655649d24e0194901c4e02c28f65">Destination encoding ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__ra900a140e1e2455d9c36ecd9edc7c254"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a455ccce8de7c46cfb772d4d3f7da2ae7">conproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a3ac3304bfaf341aa8a0ed1c027796a7e">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__adcf971ad88dc413a8a84fb51880502fb"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a80da7f33fd3f44aba931ce02a1ccce1f">Conversion procedure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__r2e098ce752f44c39864cccd2b1760296"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a0daffdba40794d0ba4a3e15e628ad815">condefault</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a01e305a99fcb4f5e853099946489ac87"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__text111042072322">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__abc555bc22ccf4cc485975e1a312e8824">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__a5dafe5a1a2cf40c898d5a04f15698d90">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974506__b842352706193622">true</strong> if this is the default conversion.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0582.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0582.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ee6b3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0582.html
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a1394ee1be7024608b9fb97d1b872b3a1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__b31011246132912">PG_DATABASE</strong> records information about the available databases.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__t8d1911a1aaa6444fb4622cb1415969de" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_DATABASE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ra8ce5dd940d14530accc3a6dc12be239"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__acdbb2b663049403bb1c657f4c01fe271"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__aae526ee2e28d4d0ab39be70af418623b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__aee93a2d017fb483993a033afc5f5cceb">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__rdf8206fbcc974d928c28b82212c6272c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ad8ae4f391bb946f59945d97310056864">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ac241898c7de74f129583f6e1852f7860">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a28f2e8bc4f44475e9a6929c5639e772f">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__rc93917d6bfc5491798facf38eb5d863c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ab7d9f3b46efb401987f054cbe06cbf78">datdba</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a64525633faf24daf9120b9a46334b18b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a98488178fda54604a1457345c128ccf5">Owner of the database, usually the user who created it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r19c8680778e349b8babc0d75bcbbbe00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a0e5b6b088a8f4a67941fd07b625956a4">encoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a4e0a4e0ff0074197a77ffb34796119fd">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__p149251119142614">Database encoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a8a39792401f34a9cb6d129a5391b4e39">You can use pg_encoding_to_char() to convert this number to the encoding name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r73aff32a7b194d1e8e555eefafe6cc7c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__aafc549e6e7954ccd8c1f6dd256676be9">datcollate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ab11eaf196554463a9cedb813d8d1ea77">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__af74dbcd325fe47968781cfeb2d7a4831">Sequence used by the database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r2fc20bc93a4846b29c6a51de3c1850ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a09f3e5a5a5c14a2498b24b9f33073589">datctype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ac12ef146de95419d989411b607cc50cd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__afc907fcc61c64818a7e7c5cbcf0f680d">Character type used by the database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__re617b0446f2a4154936052e233296fe4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__afba6bc1f4e0641c1a48aca7e9ce87af4">datistemplate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a5d62a3904f6343988c9f9178f201a664"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__text1113917125324">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a71be37fe94f54db5a560aa041733b7b0">Whether this column can serve as a template database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r7898ff19111743118979a16f220c9734"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a5ae41fdffef04f99b16be5c55f5a7454">datallowconn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ac0eee947265443f591dee6195fcbafa2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__text6144161383218">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__acda96d66a3954a11bd986f92fd29e7a3">If false then no one can connect to this database. This column is used to protect the <strong>template0</strong> database from being altered.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ra9ee09ab6e53477c8ffaed1d39931d2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a8cd52b99c73c4767ab6be6b92a997570">datconnlimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__abe7ea9857a194a9d84508334f6a622ac">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a6fe0592ebc1b4ece82330f6aaa5ff5ff">Maximum number of concurrent connections allowed on this database. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__b842352706193719">-1</strong> indicates no limit.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r9073bef068704b65a384fef7eab883e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a56223515761e459195f4d91044263849">datlastsysoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a06975ff86efe47cca255a9e0d6a6c831">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a7cd7bcc2ebd54911bf5c1c300c5239ce">Last system OID in the database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r095a8d5607684cff9371a0e940893c34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ac424947a5ee042dfa7330d6441428aef">datfrozenxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ab47433fee7c44709b760f0ae83c7b8f7">xid32</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__p3787183963214">Tracks whether the database needs to be vacuumed in order to prevent transaction ID wraparound.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__abbfb25de76a44f9b95e280ee6e855161">To ensure forward compatibility, this column is reserved. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__b0384124074217">datfrozenxid64</strong> column is added to record the information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r1cfc7748808c49f692f9c269d01970a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a1c70f8f1c6714cabb8702a510f53d744">dattablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a91281a31c88e4cc893fe7ea13ed26866">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a4875a637ae944e98a2e06229be499abb">Default tablespace of the database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r31231f0b537741fb8bdfecfbd64a1b6f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a573e828acd02425ea5b282b77b33f03d">datcompatibility</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__ad189dbda00b64533853d82e78e360ed1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__af81f368daf0e4391a7ab1c74e97448d0">Database compatibility mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__r8f794ef4c0484a3c90adc3f5056fc1f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__af93c74cadc464fc082791bc8cd753310">datacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a9665bf6bf60b4b0bb27e1a22fd86a79b">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__a04d6798f233f4a138de2b33c62554ccd">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__row027011018487"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__p127014019483">datfrozenxid64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__p172710074815">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814580__p20271100482">Tracks whether the database needs to be vacuumed in order to prevent transaction ID wraparound.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0583.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0583.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4672892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0583.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__en-us_topic_0059779021_p934374814513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__b16545910173114">PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING</strong> records the default values of configuration items bonded to each role and database when the database is running.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__t5ed646e472d741b89e089425f99d9a0a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__r327d3de9ed9e44dcb1e79fada6ed7e26"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.39%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a8f20e3c01a0943158abd04f5dde05be0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a89e404f950304dd0b454c928ec96f8f5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.52%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__afd81b2eaa0fc4722837e19095c502b64">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__r493e54842c59401e9e77a5cd31571d2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a1746e573893b4630b7b421d5af17c906">setdatabase</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a9ccc32d6b8f247f4866554634ce282b2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__aff503265e25c4558b64d4d1fb9cebcea">Database corresponding to the configuration items; the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__b842352706193752">0</strong> if the database is not specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__r5ea6c8cf950841e39f3b119b10d023ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a1c42b0d2579d42259e239a5b09cd459e">setrole</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a0f231924f6f24904afcdd8eb703a4901">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__aad27fca40d5b452bbf0ae938d54ea5a5">Role corresponding to the configuration items; the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__b842352706193756">0</strong> if the role is not specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__r49ce4219e13348e28529eb17a39f16eb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a34a32a9c3fbf48cfaefbbaafff184cc1">setconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__a7be2f57ecf164cf0a9f140bb7016eef9">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654796__aac06b37dbb5146c58a18a59410a83587">Default value of configuration items when the database is running</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0584.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0584.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e093f0b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0584.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_DEFAULT_ACL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a0778ec2d85264beab80d790671c6393e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b363564934513">PG_DEFAULT_ACL</strong> records the initial privileges assigned to the newly created objects.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__t680823ed10864bf0ad41bfbcbc1e1150" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_DEFAULT_ACL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__rc82ac865887a4b0dbba7246c2d2baf36"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.720000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a5a887af822ca43a1835252b54b8b594b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a516d49d3175b4713bf053b887eb30769">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.36%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__adeb1c9b4fd9344359135ad1abdf4c1ee">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__rb320c3b8a7ec40a288c8bef734159760"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.720000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a52b0e34141d64d4b8b6d997ce189a19e">defaclrole</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a3536b12ae6c540e0a78d639336497939">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a410e55c705fa4e5ca744841a11b30671">ID of the role associated with the permission</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__r1bd923a1c2504acf9f08160a6796ed6f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.720000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a050606e5e5bb4576929228af64b1643b">defaclnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__aeefb9977844f43cd982e9504c602c02c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a7b25794a08f74700878bf659a247e594">Namespace associated with the permission; the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b842352706193813">0</strong> if no ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__r1636ac874c63478db1fe755557370561"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.720000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a804f244dfaac44c4be7f25c7cc6c99ed">defaclobjtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a8dc55d52ee8c4490aee4a72755065327">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__abf9499cac08e4b2b8803b1bc33c8a57e">Object type of the permission:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__ul13146134032917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__li714654052918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b19386432102516">r</strong> indicates a table or view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__li914614032918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b2096153712515">S</strong> indicates a sequence.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__li1914614062917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b10979134312511">f</strong> indicates a function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__li8146440122914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b13811245152511">T</strong> indicates a type.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__rbca50d097ce5419283cb1d9bc080c87f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.720000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a83a87be450df49cc9a5da20753a975ad">defaclacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a899d1e941c694c2586f6afc2c70496d0">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__a506669bfe41e4d94838d37d6139dbd7f">Access permissions that this type of object should have on creation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__section69458541402"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__p1562775984014">Run the following command to view the initial permissions of the new user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b196631151018">role1</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__screen2067283512411"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_DEFAULT_ACL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">defaclrole</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">defaclnamespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">defaclobjtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">defaclacl</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16820</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">16822</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">role1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__p2957146194310">You can also run the following statement to convert the format:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__screen1828395113475"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_get_userbyid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">defaclrole</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Granter&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Schema&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">defaclobjtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sequence'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'f'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'function'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'T'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'type'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">array_to_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">defaclacl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">', '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Access privileges&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_default_acl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">defaclnamespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__p16240323124810">If the following information is displayed, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b212264761013">user1</strong> grants <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b912213470105">role1</strong> the read permission on schema <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__b1612215476101">user1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694425__screen161481144104815"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Granter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Access</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">privileges</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------+--------+-------+-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_DEPEND</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a9096a4d734f74701b2a2fae05fc6ee9f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b93171884518">PG_DEPEND</strong> records the dependency relationships between database objects. This information allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__en-us_topic_0058966075_b842352706162628">DROP</strong> commands to find which other objects must be dropped by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__en-us_topic_0058966075_b842352706162637">DROP CASCADE</strong> or prevent dropping in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__en-us_topic_0058966075_b842352706162642">DROP RESTRICT</strong> case.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a5567f0ffacd54fb5b06105cc61012849">See also <a href="dws_04_0616.html">PG_SHDEPEND</a>, which provides a similar function for dependencies involving objects that are shared across a database cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__te5ced7e313ab4a77a4e7f9a0f47ff490" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_DEPEND columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__r78c30127a1754713bcb73ccb89a06821"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__acb3c0bbf9dd841c18004a855fa9ef513">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__abcf721b7e1594bd9a5906d71a37482df">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ac101e767b72946e68a0c78ef4cf9b387">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__af624f369916b4bafacdbf97f0a0a8374">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__r9f5ed3d2488b4148b1c2afc271f4f185"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a32464c32a8a7467398a053618dafa2e3">classid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a6e7f6d825d9e42d7b901386980782602">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a5646afc584cb4300bb0da9ad4ff65b32"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a27460e684c5341a09674c91f344f46c4">OID of the system catalog the dependent object is in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ra399abbdfeed48a5b0472d4d2620dc77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a03a4afb04d4a432382fb9b8a7257e600">objid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a1be7e2313253417292c6a9706bde2fcb">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a0d0e371a90354980b5e9db5fa33809f8">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a7ef522037b2a4482b57ff4c371eb1222">OID of the specific dependent object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__rc3db053efba742d99b48a83a61967840"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__aca065edf328e4f2688cef6435ed8cdd0">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__aeadfac22f75d45f3b11ea2cc275100bf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ae893f3ae1ea54912ae4b03f18316908a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ad528309295694cdab6b9c7b6c5db056b">For a table column, this is the column number (the objid and classid refer to the table itself). For all other object types, this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b314412311120">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__r28bcc14297a246c187d13c2baba746c5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a63729c2524d841acaf36af395e928905">refclassid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a5e855f1b6eb34ea2b8fce84dfb73e8d6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a8290bb8428de4ef59dde33e7d71f426d"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a8ebad6c20d574cadbe0744e02550c6ab">OID of the system catalog the referenced object is in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__r2d44246a075647e69bb9b3caec633db1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ac5c1265401904babbc52a1d1108b075a">refobjid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ae6af578cc0ff49a0b7b8b9f57a976dbb">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a7dd63f78310f47c58818f3e6e0bead54">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a60f363b66661414593e07c3f9fc0c97d">OID of the specific referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__r8890a5e883fa44e4845b740cdb6f8f4d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__aae9585ef33264368a1ec5e1d20bdcb96">refobjsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__aca4638eefd794354aac246e562d7dc64">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__afd3415f660d843a5997f0fd180574e39">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__af6c8aaf7d31343678969cb3caaaa9432">For a table column, this is the column number (the refobjid and refclassid refer to the table itself). For all other object types, this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b1640815327127">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__rabbdcdb69c4d4543ae674fa42ffbbce9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a0596cd11eb80475d94fab91acc594773">deptype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ab8d8e8f6dc994a2981379641c4ae3209">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a278c38f793734204a0032cfc43698d5e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__afb530153200844159a69c0894ad053fa">A code defining the specific semantics of this dependency relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__a74c76bfc374040a2810cd8f5ee4dda08">In all cases, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b842352706163739">pg_depend</strong> entry indicates that the referenced object cannot be dropped without also dropping the dependent object. However, there are several subflavors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b1374818375510">deptype</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ua8a164d3386940718750f58e4c1d511b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__lf61c826156984c80bd04e057ef0fc578">DEPENDENCY_NORMAL (n): A normal relationship between separately-created objects. The dependent object can be dropped without affecting the referenced object. The referenced object can only be dropped by specifying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b2729102519712">CASCADE</strong>, in which case the dependent object is dropped, too. Example: a table column has a normal dependency on its data type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__lda87eb87916d460fab5f120c7abbd4d7">DEPENDENCY_AUTO (a): The dependent object can be dropped separately from the referenced object, and should be automatically dropped (regardless of RESTRICT or CASCADE mode) if the referenced object is dropped. Example: a named constraint on a table is made autodependent on the table, so that it will go away if the table is dropped.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__lf044346a0d3048adb5cb8607f73c1e8b">DEPENDENCY_INTERNAL (i): The dependent object was created as part of creation of the referenced object, and is only a part of its internal implementation. A DROP of the dependent object will be disallowed outright (We'll tell the user to issue a DROP against the referenced object, instead). A DROP of the referenced object will be propagated through to drop the dependent object whether CASCADE is specified or not. Example: A trigger created to enforce a foreign-key constraint is made internally dependent on the constraint's <a href="dws_04_0580.html">PG_CONSTRAINT</a> entry.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__la557dbe687a3467ebb9f5901c3eb4a70">DEPENDENCY_EXTENSION (e): dependent objects depended object extension of a member. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0589.html">PG_EXTENSION</a>. The dependent object can be dropped via <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b842352706165638">DROP EXTENSION</strong> on the referenced object. Functionally this dependency type acts the same as an internal dependency, but it is kept separate for clarity and to simplify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b17639331194611">gs_dump</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ld6e5e2aeb50545a88fc03ebb8bd0bf8d">DEPENDENCY_PIN (p): There is no dependent object. This type of entry is a signal that the system itself depends on the referenced object, and so that object must never be deleted. Entries of this type are created only by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b842352706165839">initdb</strong>. The columns for the dependent object contain zeroes.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__section1516510274469"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__p62416314469">Query the table that depends on the database object sequence <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b5128142091120">serial1</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__ol54695511817"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__li13469251184">Query the OID of the sequence <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b69991822191120">serial1</strong> in the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b120123141113">PG_CLASS</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__screen135451115102011"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'serial1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17815</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__li178576139181">Use the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b9664183718116">PG_DEPEND</strong> and the OID of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b3664143771117">serial1</strong> to obtain the objects that depend on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b5664133712115">serial1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__screen201821221209"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_depend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">objid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'17815'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">classid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">objid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">objsubid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">refclassid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">refobjid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">refobjsubid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptype</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------+-------+----------+------------+----------+-------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1259</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17815</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2615</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2200</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1259</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17815</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1259</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">17812</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__li1581165143110">Obtain the OID of the table that depends on the serial1 sequence based on the refobjid field and query the table name. The result indicates that the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b1817134471113">customer_address</strong> depends on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__b1417944181118">serial1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974698__screen124261031857"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'17812'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0586.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0586.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84ad2a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0586.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_DESCRIPTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__en-us_topic_0059778572_p4121210525"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__b84235270617011">PG_DESCRIPTION</strong> records optional descriptions (comments) for each database object. Descriptions of many built-in system objects are provided in the initial contents of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__acfc451826e6441f69c04cd31428d308e">PG_DESCRIPTION</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__aa65a8d42997c491c92fd60c5c07b5b8e">See also <a href="dws_04_0617.html">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</a>, which performs a similar function for descriptions involving objects that are shared across a database cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__t69600d5822c74a8aa9cbb0ee7f301cb0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_DESCRIPTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__rd428c45fbe1c4d6f97138f02d02cfff4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a00815764f3a14ed4bbbfc402e013a61d">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a4b3ee4774b01474cab6efe64a4d20b20">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a81d9fdc8d9f043869f75cefa1d3f6030">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__adf5016b002a449f4904186cc38df4f80">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__r179b763191924d169277dde9acbe4e26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a918c630d79aa4ff6b8e9fa4b65ac509c">objoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__af1827cbc2e664e32b447ebe5a49ef1fc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a2181a8c48cda4bb990f6c9d50074a764">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a6273430f82e2474aab22bc1bfa8b56ad">OID of the object this description pertains to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__r3b4939dee12b4c02b302d95f8f12c3af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a0077f257487e4822ae690620bff87388">classoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__ac92903077f464922b13aef3d5094c44b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__aba9191a0b01944718826075cb4bf52fb"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a7cdab707287c48c68b0ee34872b61297">OID of the system catalog this object appears in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__r4787babd8f21492bbbb9394abd0a2974"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__ac16ad6750b734c12bb158d05c3e668ce">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__ae8096a3c25ca4541afef8d3a4facfc52">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__aa86521abe1854613ae113fa1c455e7bf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__aacdc359cf3344d3dac0341199fc27abd">For a comment on a table column, this is the column number (the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__b84235270617248">objoid</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__b84235270617252">classoid</strong> refer to the table itself). For all other object types, this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__b18288175414128">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__rc2541411a8a14a87920374deeb9e551b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__adec0b4ae09ea434185db089c266e0b52">description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__afbb88381495744988b2e0e949a7f4e5a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__a242a4f6f03d9403e918890140581a127">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.94%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814645__aef70bfc9a1e241b49f1964ea268f0525">Arbitrary text that serves as the description of this object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0588.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0588.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c05487e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0588.html
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_ENUM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__en-us_topic_0059777741_p870696145213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b17413813439">PG_ENUM</strong> records entries showing the values and labels for each enum type. The internal representation of a given enum value is actually the OID of its associated row in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b842352706171321">pg_enum</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__tfcdc64965b604628860e55863a5756d1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_ENUM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__r35ca3b6d91334c15afc909d862b7e74a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a2528518938a04d5b93aec4b83988e790">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__ac1892a032ff94a01b42955d058bdc016">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__ade12c23ebddd449a9821c77bfbb88a70">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.059999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__ae94af7460f6d47d99be514715df0001c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__r7336aa0036f0487ab4722e51e1122f98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a6f7dfcd3fd0c4cd8aae7d29eec30255b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__af80e5b6e068d4558a18b7f529f0f155a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a8d4bf6683aef4d6493eec5bde9498250">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__af7d800a7b880448dbde3ad8afaeee2e3">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__rba6ee991831e4bfdaa05e9c2a3aa201a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a3b6a2342e92a4bae8784baac46b7eff2">enumtypid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__aed4784ae8ab7437caf87cd1bcbac42eb">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__aaf6c85f7fd9e41629b1484e4a4ac96f6"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a7ee76a54d06d4f0d8dd2d415a668e8ba">OID of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b117737812159">pg_type</strong> entry that contains this enum value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__r57f98c4cce104374bb0b0d05cf7198cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a8f79eea1cf4f4ac4b16b84386a510cf5">enumsortorder</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a2f6ac6cbf3f54940b25d751155b13abc">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a808142ebadf24a438059893f0ec6ed56">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a0194bef8cd544e0cb00ad49cf5373236">Sort position of this enum value within its enum type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__rfbd17cfb494c4bc2b8375df3a10cfe9a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__aeaaa9c4c59364d7fa7904865885ba8c3">enumlabel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a9988ac1a2aa34f098a51c2a601a40dc0">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__ada1379c79691426d804127cc11e36050">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__a653a05913ca54ab4bcdf5a4b015052b5">Textual label for this enum value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__abed63e2a8be243bdb53ead7e9ee0f94f">The OIDs for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b181814931612">PG_ENUM</strong> rows follow a special rule: even-numbered OIDs are guaranteed to be ordered in the same way as the sort ordering of their enum type. That is, if two even OIDs belong to the same enum type, the smaller OID must have the smaller <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b842352706171725">enumsortorder</strong> value. Odd-numbered OID values need bear no relationship to the sort order. This rule allows the enum comparison routines to avoid catalog lookups in many common cases. The routines that create and alter enum types attempt to assign even OIDs to enum values whenever possible.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__ac3eba0b28910471b8c05b5612a62652e">When an enum type is created, its members are assigned sort-order positions from 1 to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__i186776519176">n</em>. But members added later might be given negative or fractional values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894771__b15784512181810">enumsortorder</strong>. The only requirement on these values is that they be correctly ordered and unique within each enum type.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0589.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0589.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9cd1b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0589.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_EXTENSION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a3fb02bd00b2341d79424093650ba792a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__b176811634164710">PG_EXTENSION</strong> records information about the installed extensions. By default, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__text707754548">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has 12 extensions, that is, PLPGSQL, DIST_FDW, FILE_FDW, HDFS_FDW, HSTORE, PLDBGAPI, DIMSEARCH, PACKAGES, GC_FDW, UUID-OSSP, LOG_FDW, and ROACH_API.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__t78ace88e1f3049799b02e1afd81d5370" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_EXTENSION</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r684528635a2b4ad1a40f23cbfac1c56c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a3a2b171bb3564a7bb3d809d3a5a0b31e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a7a881dcd9ca94b288e336820d454c299">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a5c38398a12fd4f81a6b5cbb720e899b6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r2963facc7d43445b85050e7cb7d91b54"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a219f3c60232144d38162c49dbc43d7fe">extname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a2fdde3c4c78a417eb60ab97f84c0b2ee">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__aef1fc8b8f12542f4a3e6ec20a5e7d4b8">Extension name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r16497dae299842ec9241a0afd519b95a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a38f950fcdd1243deb8890e3bb2c85802">extowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a980b16e4161548b6b678b1752fdb0156">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a15bbef77bf8144cb96a0c050fdf49b72">Owner of the extension</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r9c8ea4494e1c4507a14db79bbe03ba85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__ae3f3eb9eaa174aa3a7cb4498b9b72dfc">extnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a316b7d6aac3541838e7ae998c3d94b68">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__ac83aafa6bfd24b3aa4b4f10626d04a08">Namespace containing the extension's exported objects</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r7d481f2a99b94ee3b5e357cccc212573"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__aee7b6e4171bb4badbd299ed6a1d3050f">extrelocatable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__af9beb8e6cb4f40c7bc9028246d81890f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__text1980718147321">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__p77816494210">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__b318762185117">true</strong> if the extension can be relocated to another schema.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r4e8c3a1420cc43c588e149cba0040260"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a486649418359415c8ac7c7bdb6bb9af4">extversion</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a4beec91ed471472e9eb60a4f58cceaf1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__af68b81ec22d04e8c8b609b92a172792a">Version number of the extension</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r0475454df0f74e5cabbf81198854924e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a51073ff24294412f8dea67e2c5254dc0">extconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a038b12ead2b741f2a9712f35d68b3ba6">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a06a09d2fa4604d5e8b1ff5620fdefc8f">Configuration information about the extension</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__r64ab02f1815c427589999c84c5ea8a4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__a8fa932144dd54c8da054ff7753310031">extcondition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__ae78416cddfa34e8a84666f6aef3e8872">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.260000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814714__ab2485b4f9ebf49ceb29eab6bbb27826a">Filter conditions for the extension's configuration information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0590.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0590.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85bf8582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0590.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE</h1>
+<div id="body1511428333232"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__b1256245015596">PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE</strong> records information about external data source. An external data source contains information about an external database, such as its password encoding. It is mainy used with Extension Connector.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__table13368458915" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row53681151092"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p20368135990">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p173683512910">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p163682054915">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p14368857916">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row1230103951914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p183063921920">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p123143981913">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p031339121912">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p23116392197">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row03685511914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p19368653917">srcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p43687516914">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p436845791">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p33681151096">Name of an external data source</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row6368135295"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p17368459914">srcowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p11368195796">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p123691857912">PG_AUTHID.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p153691351292">Owner of an external data source</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row17369351494"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p1436914510913">srctype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p19369135791">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p436975795">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p14369185793">Type of an external data source. It is NULL by default.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row12369155192"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p43691053912">srcversion</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p13691355914">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p173691516911">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p6369751996">Type of an external data source. It is NULL by default.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row1336945193"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p53691951194">srcacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p143694514912">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p1536917513915">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p4369251092">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__row133691551493"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p236955795">srcoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p143691851397">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p1936919513910">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.00000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974926__p12369205199">Option used for foreign data sources. It is a keyword=value string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0591.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0591.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..debbb25f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0591.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a9962b27e2fc84a48b38d32c00a127a90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__b8229111518612">PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER</strong> records foreign-data wrapper definitions. A foreign-data wrapper is the mechanism by which external data, residing on foreign servers, is accessed. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__tb965cc87b0dc44399f721d49e210493f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__re08f91151a354ce4acff685202bf70ca"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__ad127f1a13a0d42b59fc0e38c907d8678">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__acc9dbda81a5a4887ad1428a23609b071">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__aced9118e7b79488f88e19ca859cafd24">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a56a0943123d34f6893ecec6445f97698">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__rce4a6c797bd94257a6b74668256cc71f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a85c6b29f9b504df48ba07e652d3ef766">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a119631c136564cf3a304073606405603">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a007ca33e3db9403cbc2b19b231eca1dd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a8174755740be4377abdf2ad876e9e9b3">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__r798a943eed6142e08bcdc790c35dabe1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__acc4db4ec29df4bea8e214d6076273332">fdwname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a8b8ce021476e42aaaf02a6ee0df2a906">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a8d8cc6c958fb491f8cea72e071edcd13">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__aff3de9f1fa9b4d3082c1dd5e3a499a3c">Name of the foreign-data wrapper</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__rcf6a28f61b6d453ea1c76315c0a01fd9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__ad2478e33cb0141a08449eaa532a563cd">fdwowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a11d570915d9c4ae9b52d3a5d6b6c6798">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a07d744b1d2564de2830151f8b557c65e"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a9b82132ddc6948b9bbabb6f5385279f7">Owner of the foreign-data wrapper</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__r857823694db04b2e9ed70d4cffec7e78"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a5255a786d82346fcb9c199181ef9ef21">fdwhandler</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a2579007f8249462a85cf8cac59a1ac30">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__addedebce74034bfeb362aa0bb161b902"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__affa41a7e54ac4e63844dfc16830f8dea">References a handler function that is responsible for supplying execution routines for the foreign-data wrapper. Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__b1776765971918">0</strong> if no handler is provided.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__rab6633e50dc1439e80b475e0e19ca0ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a31a10c2cf77b45f18db9e9bd9d2679b7">fdwvalidator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a912457afb0de4406b809cf1c2524ca39">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__aea4393e4060844d5adeb45419d6f40c2"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a13ab4107ec4c4b27b4b7b9f924bb0f60">References a validator function that is responsible for checking the validity of the options given to the foreign-data wrapper, as well as options for foreign servers and user mappings using the foreign-data wrapper. Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__b39861838162018">0</strong> if no validator is provided.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__rf5afd6e77bd34769a9d6e554be07edd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a5c4ed3548c884d5e80db49c667e90708">fdwacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a095bb588a01841dc93bc5a5a9f3b672d">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a97ba63bc904740df82a293686998665e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a4bc961c08a8b40f389299870d6fcb1f1">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__rb84d3db9910a4d5694ecd99154fce99c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a919d467ee93a4e3eb14d81580ba4f123">fdwoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a0f78d6958f0e45579bacae17efefc9cb">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.119999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a0facf700e8014841b960d7c2abda28a8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.120000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974436__a3e1d44199938474ea205e72bf8d14430">Option used for foreign data wrappers. It is a keyword=value string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0592.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0592.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0af86ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0592.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ac8542edae3c54036a0095f9064d25a43"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__b52202471715">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</strong> records the foreign server definitions. A foreign server describes a source of external data, such as a remote server. Foreign servers are accessed via foreign-data wrappers. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ta0f455749ca841f3a2a0af62b83670bf" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_FOREIGN_SERVER columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__rfdb24cf9189f407496f869bc1680384f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ad7e0957e475d47798e8dbb6feaadecd9">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ad1b0689340064250bdecdd00695e278c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a041792c1f0024fcab4508cfd10a3da40">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a0a8e1f103a78414ab0fda33c8d48771e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__r85ac0a85e21749e6a9cf907dd69da89f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__aeccb9a036b704d6f93212b6c34e386ef">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ad8a7259e510d4afca2d10a2eabe4c113">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a225f0ef3dd38456382d4ff9856c2420a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a266ca8a1b18347e396c99ebdfd422e92">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__r392d2adeb3af4f60ab0c65af8dae458e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__af5bdd41dbfd847d086eaab95a463c419">srvname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ad05764ef1f654561a2786f359e174b82">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ab7a67af160ad4fe299a0d7d059616a96">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a39a7da2a7d1a46538292fe71ab1bb093">Name of the foreign server</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__rba2200797fea4adba18db2ca0c35d3c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a9c2e07b9f8da41b587b4422e9a72b10c">srvowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a7b3ab1b2db2e433393bdabf48c49d373">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a871fa3e583204a5ea5f361ba278dbbf2"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__afdd2a6c8820946a78265af8d36b54a33">Owner of the foreign server</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__r2e0a55459f0b4a9d9648c0835b40eada"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a508c986b8efa41f7994e432d51c24dfa">srvfdw</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a45e19a1a75eb4552b09ea65535df19f8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ab39c17e1e9a54447b73629ec1dca3a04"><a href="dws_04_0591.html">PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a9f6be24d544042bea1ab00fa96ac7c86">OID of the foreign-data wrapper of this foreign server</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__re94d7d3a2fe1448290853e7fafb01aca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a6a59cdcb86d34a87959dfe73fc8c6e5d">srvtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a01b07ca717d445809cf4437ac6050afd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__ab5295983fa664229a67152d8c77ba97b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__adc387110696d4ffca7ec023cbde60f73">Type of the server (optional)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__rbd442d9fb350492e9421741a7cde21e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__acb03481dd8d54d6cae63441c43ee3d8a">srvversion</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a8e28dec12283453385b1110615c56ed1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__aaa71c42625ba468e99b2813db3d01c0b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a1241bf10113849d4b8c49a1c224fbbdc">Version of the server (optional)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__r71b3a96b883a46b3b24068fa58466739"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a46539a0bda78441db5b8fc6b2b1ba4ef">srvacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__aedfcd3baf92e403497758fd1896ec8c6">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__af178a05d3ae243ad91ea01bc42713dae">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a72857f0793924ea28ae2517b3a750655">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__rc1690d8c3f55424da2a9af93f87b0708"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__aa6ee872ad4484b749cc4cd0b991cad1f">srvoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__a80678df2faa24c389777d4d569844ef7">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__aedc60102cfbd41029e69f406b67b388d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494775__acaabcc31d1674225ac78fe3714f36be5">Option used for foreign servers. It is a keyword=value string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0593.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0593.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88bab5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0593.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_FOREIGN_TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a1487dd12f05241bca66536dc09fc12e8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__b63123555814">PG_FOREIGN_TABLE</strong> records auxiliary information about foreign tables.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__tb9f481180ac24c35806dde5de73d45b5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_FOREIGN_TABLE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__r04f458cfb9fd4c32821f1da306552d3f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a57e0b85851e04853a00ed849b75403b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a6f20d169412b45718d066dfa9dae16f0">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__ae043c6246b124656bb57435cd998d6fc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__r69d7444702bb4ee089e912f33e001d0a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__acb152f248e5844f988442e02a0c22288">ftrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a410f26d8737d43ae9f3d131af363fad9">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__aba6d95d8249442a79348b1ca642b9bcd">OID of the foreign table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__r43e3609ce7cb41f2b361666499fea5a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a967f44639ac14c1581e6051b12119b66">ftserver</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__af764ea68b0434c2fa883285dd9ed7494">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a03554f8c33a641a4b2574001e71b2478">OID of the server where the foreign table is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__rc28951d15eb34925b0d6bb714cbe9d22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a880f8354554f4d89a37070a3aee9ac9a">ftwriteonly</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a95815b5ec26b421596a1ef2884bc5daa"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__text17719617123216">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__ad569ad6806b14e9db0a30d0415ff845e">Whether data can be written in the foreign table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__r67083e38b25a495ba6afb2e90ead35f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a0409656915514fb7a5e7f81ce2bb9af5">ftoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a4acda896ea34469ba39f450991cc9c2b">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654752__a1efc77a91a3847fa90c1d382da05cf80">Foreign table options</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0594.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0594.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b7774fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0594.html
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_INDEX</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a7b89e3c3f0854d45bcb98f7b60cbf1ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b215523110101">PG_INDEX</strong> records part of the information about indexes. The rest is mostly in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b62014777181338">PG_CLASS</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__t7af709b6266d4960a5114126520fbeb5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_INDEX columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r3f94148faad142e08ee5d44be4673689"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__aa17fe4d6b6004788963e564bec072cff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ac7992ff090a44788a61f48a432c72c7c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__aa4039ca5b00c4f72bbf878a2823f7437">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ra0d8691c0ed143e398de717ad45591ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__adf7d7fb90b9d4f86ac4b82eebb99d52d">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a59a22ac711574e0eb78b221a70ea1d6d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a70c009e843314caaa06941e34f6f378f">OID of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b173931241163116">pg_class</strong> entry for this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r8ea706c421b24e158ed6aceffc6800e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a83c9c631f77f492e9c24db523c88a5b9">indrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__af0b9940a3ae94ebca04eb9e6bfd6cab5">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__acec08bf2b9cd455083e3d6a03dbdcb25">OID of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b15927125193114">pg_class</strong> entry for the table this index is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r4f3c8f263b50435e802f7a5fc9266ca0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a024d71be9244415ba6eec56feacd31e5">indnatts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__abefc5a0265044875a21e3866a867abda">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a5a1ff57aa2e64acc98a23fad583162da">Number of columns in an index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r18a07da2d52e4d8aa5872cf65e4ad559"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__afc72d54dda6741b39c3fdaa965e027db">indisunique</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__abcdf663bfdd64e32aaa2b100ba72225c"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text116873515365">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ad1b0ece4f9a34932a71d21933f40bbc5">This index is a unique index if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b172451043191618">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r2a3aa621e9f144988fd4a70098b9621e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a9b126ee9073644a28474aca2b600b126">indisprimary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__af38534d9a1d74afd86777b40ef827865"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text27764615369">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a49b6b04613a74129aeb8099e3f82c3f1">This index represents the primary key of the table if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b1985662531611">true</strong>. If this value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b14869568348">true</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b58085160349">indisunique</strong> is true.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r0e119239ff314444b1d47541d0b96a6f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a389c83910e0a404f9e8d36f746d4427c">indisexclusion</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ada5abd916a27493ea16cc5f52d17d016"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text3764127163615">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ab21f30f4e8354d49b5d2110793dbfc0f">This index supports exclusion constraints if the value is <strong>true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r2b3bb30d4843418ab55994b99c995138"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a3ce6b646dd6d4170abe37e79fb68e15b">indimmediate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a84a26e742f58473db618c642b11abcce"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text96471893616">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a609a8c63d8ea413e9db9c9d06a0c730c">A uniqueness check is performed upon data insertion if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b23832061716">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r1f46dab8cf2a4e97acd4bdc6fa2c9cd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a347f024db2b749458e13ccb8a540a417">indisclustered</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a554b5966cea742819cd4d2e6c88e2032"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text2589149153612">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a06cf9ccfae454b32b77a7ce021ee22d5">The table was last clustered on this index if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b1036117540350">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__rc6348bcd7acc4d29845fa67ee8e37f59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a0fc34c27b23545f9ab5a45d48aab702a">indisusable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a4fb14a0170e64e83afdf93e1750b5b28"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text113382010163612">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a7805de7fd37c48d397053495202e9866">This index supports insert/select if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b15381183461715">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r309b559c0ae64c26958f5c80af72d518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ad6673213a5024f4f9d5388ba200471c2">indisvalid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__af9015893664f4adf88207305922afa21"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text12184611173616">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__aa6a1f16e8a9e416db31e9f9dbca665ce">This index is valid for queries if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b135004091917">true</strong>. If this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b84235270620740">false</strong>, this index is possibly incomplete and must still be modified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b17555161111220">INSERT/UPDATE</strong> operations, but it cannot safely be used for queries. If it is a unique index, the uniqueness property is also not true.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__rbdcfacca82734038bdf6ba3ef312dbf4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a2050542e780e4ff59d6804e406efa09b">indcheckxmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__aee60493336a44c7fad7621bcc9527d6a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text116218129364">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ad553206150d24f719aea4de78e77f22c">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b842352706114022">true</strong>, queries must not use the index until the xmin of this row in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b842352706113946">pg_index</strong> is below their <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b84235270611402">TransactionXmin</strong> event horizon, because the table may contain broken HOT chains with incompatible rows that they can see.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r190331e72a0d455080964c1bc640f4ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ae21a0732d56d44e6a43d992c375c00c7">indisready</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a4aa707c592ce4520891f34860bfe3f67"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__text12903171353611">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a9a97fb97e0144b61b65ecc5f9c3b2820">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b20101113110517">true</strong>, this index is ready for inserts. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b56995152570">false</strong>, this index is ignored when data is inserted or modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__rfab690a4f0a546e1aa5702583e80d20c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a0d0b291a7a8149f59f7a18c25932876e">indkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__aa8143751a1c44632868d732bfc9415f8">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ad083d69843d2445dbf938d97fe84c1ad">This is an array of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b4218395577">indnatts</strong> values that indicate which table columns this index creates. For example, a value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b343534019594">1 3</strong> means that the first and the third columns make up the index key. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b84235270620752">0</strong> in this array indicates that the corresponding index attribute is an expression over the table columns, rather than a simple column reference.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r316e98e08d704a20a8653457ef4202c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a47da82cdb1274d138aea5bc4a8d036b1">indcollation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a8434921d19e649d8a4871e18d47a7742">oidvector</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a957b9cb4faaa4ecf965f8b11badc0292"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a114051e71acf446581dedd8d4c5e915b">ID of each column used by the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ra00611416d174ed4aadc51a173f9d95c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ad2a042e2ede44780bb46ca029108d514">indclass</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a993d9494c4ed40a9bc4f56f324e96a52">oidvector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a39ab128ec8224687a7694e4f5a0bd319">For each column in the index key, this column contains the OID of the operator class to use. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0603.html">PG_OPCLASS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ra8accc3673f544fd965434411f35bbc4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a3caee67329f74f6bb965abb89f2a713a">indoption</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ac0455da7964843ffb303db9a6a83d6dc">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ab5403f25467849a0ab1f7205f2e81e54">Array of values that store per-column flag bits. The meaning of the bits is defined by the index's access method.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__r63a9f8a4383b4b83a029bf2c3a6b03d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a47b4daace62d4e5d834be23edc7193ea">indexprs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a7d1d6f15cbcf4a82a3f38c9f21a9854b">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a4be7153c4cf14175a84ce5dfb231baf5">Expression trees (in <strong>nodeToString()</strong> representation) for index attributes that are not simple column references. It is a list with one element for each zero entry in <strong>INDKEY</strong>. NULL if all index attributes are simple references.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ra3d795fb748e42caa157264ff8155230"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__ac13cb8e8024f471787b0b75ef5301c32">indpred</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a5b3fae7fdb0249b4a154aa172e4b446e">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__a036e33d823714f26bac86fa584f25c3e">Expression tree (in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814709__b144403498118">nodeToString()</strong> representation) for partial index predicate. If the index is not a partial index, the value is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0595.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0595.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_INHERITS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__en-us_topic_0059777685_p646824945215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__b2091331341211">PG_INHERITS</strong> records information about table inheritance hierarchies. There is one entry for each direct child table in the database. Indirect inheritance can be determined by following chains of entries.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__ta34ddbddb6b2480696cda8e1f6aaeadd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_INHERITS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__r413a2e9cdc3c467795c2e67358ed3864"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a5cd9acf690d24bde8ce1300abad4e132">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.350000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a676aff406fd246619bdea51945819cde">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.68%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a542484b617b14421b53c3100b6c48426">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.74%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a2c775939187c47058727d93fead31398">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__radb1218f34804e5c94bc3d91699e3178"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__ac95f2887abdf4ec3b6060281c5255e62">inhrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.350000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__ae2e11b080a794b43b95e5b9958e02158">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.68%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a9514798360ef4d1eadab0c2e2489729f"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__aaa8c1e7f6c0d4c8f92af39d3fac416f4">OID of the child table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__rbb2bbedb31f3455c8344a2e05e2463d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a23843af6f6b54313a086c21865f6043f">inhparent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.350000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a3d6fb4f6ff5f48e4b21c7b8494ddfc83">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.68%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__ade996f20981747708d79af4f768d8433"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a9f8ae315481e4f9d899b08e06733be4e">OID of the parent table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__r12cd8821c1ca40d9b8ffad313b3f301e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a58a34c81a8874b41b84c862359bee1f1">inhseqno</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.350000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__add5be99b1a684224bf336112daf25482">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.68%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__aaf6850c70ecb4fcd8ea89764a3ee2473">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814500__a9ae94e6ac857404f9bc4a52d7f292636">If there is more than one direct parent for a child table (multiple inheritances), this number tells the order in which the inherited columns are to be arranged. The count starts at 1.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0596.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0596.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56aa95fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0596.html
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_JOBS</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p57693551526"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__b842352706142758">PG_JOBS</strong> records detailed information about jobs created by users. Dedicated threads poll the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__b1565810410372">pg_jobs</strong> table and trigger jobs based on scheduled job execution time. This table belongs to the Shared Relation category. All job records are visible to all databases.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__tba595b33ee9b4546985287bf6e537e83" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_JOBS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__re5a8fe3a8f124f789a4f29e569145cf0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p179601085518">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p15960185511">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p3960085517">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r09e2cf73bf3a4827967e08d9c7585854"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a72bcc3d211944104a33714d1c879f431">job_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a860161a03d30489ba3e827fbf16aea99">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p165310431514">Job ID, primary key, unique (with a unique index)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row1719246152918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p181921965299">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p1219220642912">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p71923617290">Job content</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r389186f4a1a7463cbeb50bf61b4e2c84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p196532437518">log_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p86538435512">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a846141fe6a7a42af88e7a78e31ee8c1b">Username of the job creator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r9b0d786bd0fe4a95a7526a8bdb6e135f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p146539431511">priv_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a338282adc06f44b4946913e24f6437a7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p465434345113">User ID of the job executor</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r25b3a71504a94c97b920ea21b24947f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__ab28488de3c364b9697cda1c99f3dc917">job_db</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__ac477d24cd9df4a9a9a9720021c8cf4b1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a0c1d2bc32bcf4d1e81ab0d36184713b5">OID of the database where the job is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row1739551215334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p7396101211333">job_nsp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p539601223314">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p3396171216332">OID of the namespace where a job is running</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r2b2c5c705cd541df85de63adeecb8c98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a1ce8ed495998433b8707b9aa6bbea87e">job_node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__aa6946c8c42004e909c47639c7c8d2c7d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p765414436513">CN node on which the job will be created and executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row1751403923413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p051513953419">is_broken</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p1551518398344">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p175156395348">Job invalid or not. If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__b1073938125518">is_broken</strong> is automatically set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__b080438155511">true</strong> and the job will not be executed later.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__rbc24edf6eb774b3fad531bc5e17a8751"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p16546436511">start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a401f38f16c9a49379bbfe00fe38dcd0e">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a9ce820a10092416f93458edb2839c4d7">Start time of the first job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row19126045142754"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p37916678142754">next_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p51352095142754">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p65879000142754">Scheduled time of the next job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row54964865142849"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p6166319142857">failure_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p29709868142857">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p57689097142857">Number of times the job has started and failed. If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, no more attempt will be made on it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__row59836133142853"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p45203044142857">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p37567913142857">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__p23102090142857">Job execution interval</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__rff65d1ea67094801828787a322f9304a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p166562434518">last_start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__af60ff188476a4a1c83678a4bb5da3e00">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a11e2e02977114a4f8eb9f62d019342fc">Start time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r569bc4c20b96467db29c69a04d9085f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a37c1fcf1b86d461882550bbb0a3824d5">last_end_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a9366f08fec234b9497d3c8d6d7d6a2a2">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p565674315513">End time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__r29bbad27202f4590ba57b41ad51e6de0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__en-us_topic_0059777589_p26561438510">last_suc_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__aaea2e70c595a41efa8373f8ad55e758c">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a30d1608c4d904d59a89d1604f2e87bda">Start time of the last successful job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__rf73e0595707648919882604e64c6626a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a38888bd960fe41159e56af6fc78f55fe">this_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a8c8bfa946a274d92b8e1e4a26aa58f92">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814926__a78e907baf53a42f4a21c2794236bb134">Start time of the ongoing job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0597.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0597.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bccce061
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0597.html
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_LANGUAGE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a71cb6fdeea474f92ab4987b7867e89c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b842352706153742">PG_LANGUAGE</strong> records programming languages. You can use them and interfaces to write functions or stored procedures.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__t9975502411684556ac1ebd636f65542d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_LANGUAGE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__r37492c65a7254e849261a471615bf206"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a1116ebee7fdb49d595d23466126ea66c">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__acd63f785316d4aabbf44b26974040a08">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a710ac975ec38472a8396dd7e26b3e02c">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a19a5fec5c58f4e54a5ef368e910bbd1d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__rc5e602e108c340caacbfc6176b7a5acf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__adff2a7d8379a41a588a40227bcfae893">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a6e42e819114d4189841162fc28a01c76">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__aee8a02faa92e4a78aedbeb6ebcc333ba">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a59a6716b0f594116b45fa2633a9033d9">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__rca92275075db4beb919833a63db0b568"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__aaace8f0b0d7649949047f436e420dabe">lanname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a2b35203a13f2417097d71625ab3eebcd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__af37f2a45588e43acbd65194b704ecf68">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ac9c3b61c9b36410e98f79123a2be268a">Name of the language</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__re6434984763d4d0790f7d55f54ffbd4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a2f1c7cb12ef147338765c587560edf06">lanowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a7bb9bde7ed634a6aa839e4097c384187">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a027574f5b3b048689658fcde935d8c26"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a82ff7236a512401d89943e5d50d8c75b">Owner of the language</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__r5496e57564e144c59ab5d41796a87ce6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a1902eda80414477388055a9f8579126a">lanispl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a0108a5fdb67544389dfd1e11dd132aaa"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__text1095513160361">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a157308e22cde4172a3abf6494717f9f6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ad27513a5fff94a37aeac2bf8f6abd23c">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b14562258291">false</strong> for internal languages (such as SQL) and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b1761730112917">true</strong> for user-defined languages. Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b842352706154033">gs_dump</strong> still uses this to determine which languages need to be dumped, but this might be replaced by a different mechanism in the future.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__r6dc28a41bffe4dcf84c9e7c755e866f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a9163ffdeef8c415eb45bbc12b3b98c61">lanpltrusted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a435a2239ac6242df8419cd9a59b3968c"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__text1825717113616">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a66ad63890e7d4c09b35c7d9c0090421c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a80832dfd25a14e288c0e169d8e4b7dfa">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b842352706202228">true</strong> if this is a trusted language, which means that it is believed not to grant access to anything outside the normal SQL execution environment. Only the initial user can create functions in untrusted languages.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__r237f90f931b948299a715a43eb3d3d8a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__abda762302420407d803ba62cc177a25e">lanplcallfoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a7070937842da42109f028d9ef72eb126">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a7e736a166d6440f78558d7af161572db"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__aa506527d1c504e9caa78a1047e686c91">For external languages, this references the language handler, which is a special function that is responsible for executing all functions that are written in the particular language.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__rcdc5d1b4f7b7492e8738170ff8f2f3ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a5f135025fc8a40178b4fe8bcf38e3c52">laninline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ad6fc1d91ae5c44d295f5803afc9b3336">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ac4bab47946ff4c4896df2f113e0d0407"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a962fc4fc1a2f4aa09005657620724e9e">This references a function that is responsible for executing "inline" anonymous code blocks (DO blocks). The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b5119921163513">0</strong> if inline blocks are not supported.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__rbf58b8c3ec104f7ca680e690a9f21d0c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a757b33b2950b403eb377574b5d072035">lanvalidator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a111f237b04e84bb7a811641e8278313e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a550c5c959031400ca5939b892efe8c30"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ab24e646378f24be2991e8b2cca488f5e">This references a language validator function that is responsible for checking the syntax and validity of new functions when they are created. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__b12494538183514">0</strong> if no validator is provided.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__rf5057e9dd0864e7e82f96e1aecd92940"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__a30344da270e34785bdd9e7c62336ef2d">lanacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.099999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ab6622768e1b8466e87d30c6f8199c71d">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ab62edc3eb38741b88ba1def61547dfbb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894889__ab3c4a365f3d74134a0f2c87d8d0b377f">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0598.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0598.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22503c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0598.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_LARGEOBJECT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__en-us_topic_0059777745_p181407189535"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b46114391331">PG_LARGEOBJECT</strong> records the data making up large objects A large object is identified by an OID assigned when it is created. Each large object is broken into segments or "pages" small enough to be conveniently stored as rows in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b84235270616345">pg_largeobject</strong>. The amount of data per page is defined to be LOBLKSIZE (which is currently BLCKSZ/4, or typically 2 kB). </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__p1319074194317">It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__td1fda183fa794af9b075f9ecb56ad423" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_LARGEOBJECT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__r5580e65ada57431d89c3e10c378d3ffe"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a4830519f1cff46288ce1b22e90eb0d15">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a8ad15555f5ee423985ba9a654dc5430c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.45%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__ad6b89082b56d44379fa8afb72035ab01">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.480000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a7f8f5b6fbc7849da9a3fe4bd652bdea5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__rf1bd51dc7c134d50b6dd6a7b451c299b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a1156dfec393c4ab7b9cc15266dbd84ab">loid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__aeefcdbff6df24cf8b9e777b5e9ad7c43">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a241879cb32b240e394b5bb1da0637833"><a href="dws_04_0599.html">PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__aacb0dd5bc7c942109d31f5d7e960a320">Identifier of the large object that includes this page</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__r566dab542f054998ac1787f558ea3293"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__aaa4a31b952b24f52bc4478ceecf29f97">pageno</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a0b6ed4b286734582b4c1411c784dabbf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__aeb2f919865614dd8ace02d64977e308c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a6c4c3936a8b9449ea29debaa24db5c21">Page number of this page within its large object (counting from zero)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__r01e82271a0c440b6ad4427033b665be8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a75a15f4dbf4b4e7880671223bdb7f9f1">data</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.78%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a62d1b17ccae146f7ac2e7bda199498ec">bytea</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__ac8972b13cfeb46b6bfa88e96d30b7544">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a8924313f387540b0b633799da7b535b7">Actual data stored in the large object. This will never be more than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b842352706161010">LOBLKSIZE</strong> bytes and might be less.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__a08e4f5db4a3b451abdeca9c777f0c344">Each row of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b842352706161039">pg_largeobject</strong> holds data for one page of a large object, beginning at byte offset (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b842352706161053">pageno * LOBLKSIZE</strong>) within the object. The implementation allows sparse storage: pages might be missing, and might be shorter than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894587__b842352706161329">LOBLKSIZE</strong> bytes even if they are not the last page of the object. Missing regions within a large object are read as zeroes.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0599.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0599.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11394d59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0599.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a1dfe9ed12f914c70b670a07ad3db5af1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__b2023684283413">PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA</strong> records metadata associated with large objects. The actual large object data is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__b842352706161513">PG_LARGEOBJECT</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__ta395182a858c4a4b983809922b9a06f6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__rce40cd40cc0741058c3dd950f7c44607"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a03d59fd7fc264c58ab8b7f2d717a594c">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a25086c9e61274e5ebe5a4c1d64f39018">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a93ae1f730ee446d1857837d5f296e128">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__af2db47f20c674ca0aa53b6a90269e803">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__r38cd4bf57fd34efc93f63fcc0c77ab23"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__ad6c5ea568f894f069a7482537935364b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__ac9b074514b6e4e3a84187ccf1dc64240">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a41dc386d4d824cf3963e38518151d5af">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__aa07787e6594447e98408f324a78f5af9">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__r8d304d412dfe40f4b43d34c3cb15952a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a6980dc9ff691489386a69567e0ec73b8">lomowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__aecd6e3ec82f14cdd8c3ebf5f3eb9a06e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a3a74a23dd5e34071b67b86a2778020c4"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__aa0e0ddd9f6084ef5a9739b1d3ddb34b3">Owner of the large object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__rbca2f601d7e146a7a2652b59452eb2e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__afa01b457fd7346309ea64b1ba2d52bff">lomacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a0c57e3ef97f64a3fb7306178eba7f729">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a606f8ac4b1e54dd2a93ffe4c8e115791">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815038__a7a6c7aea27044f43b9d24013bb877088">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0600.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0600.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e83aa5c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0600.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_NAMESPACE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__en-us_topic_0059779337_p9481321536"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__b15555204573819">PG_NAMESPACE</strong> records the namespaces, that is, schema-related information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__tb34cfc9c77d44a80a25a0a97412abc78" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_NAMESPACE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__r46e81e9cdee14180b29dcdcc2e37fbac"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__ac36c522ba5af4aeba64d6be07580ea24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a0150c7af7f10470f90ef944716d01dff">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a6bb3564dd8324026867405a7a0560faf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__r20bfbe01cae04c369a03d7e079d1a70a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a2bd4138f752a4cfea30ec0d993aba7f3">nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__ac82118c3c55a4852a3c1cf3264b9e606">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__af05e9332616e49f0b5871de88b8aa925">Name of the namespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__r575de24ecc794e9a934d53ef4c6430e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a04782b364d3949d2a19abd8d46cedd47">nspowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__ab447acf4b7b54819a44e6e6dadba32bf">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a944798e1a20249f58db1bdb8235b0caa">Owner of the namespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__r56b2b327080e47798913280f5330f629"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a84c3f274411c4bd0830e7f65c77032c9">nsptimeline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__ae49adfabfed14c6a90c5298cbb9df8cc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a0b94ebaf1dfb49c4b067ae2079caf8aa">Timeline when the namespace is created on the DN This column is for internal use and valid only on the DN.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__r8d55305f70134194bd66f2a95400f3a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__a3dec90034db84f57ad8f869394ebd67c">nspacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__ac749019d2bb446e79aa4ab7314c8cd51">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__adf0d8e5a821941a79c343876e7c48114">Access permissions For details, see GRANT and REVOKE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__row1257718175015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p10571186506">permspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p35713186500">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p05771812501">Quota of a schema's permanent tablespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__row10451128514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p114601225116">usedspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p746101265115">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494709__p1046612205115">Used size of a schema's permanent tablespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0601.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0601.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b79665f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0601.html
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OBJECT</h1>
+<div id="body1578903756456"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p12064424231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b26531639135612">PG_OBJECT</strong> records the user creation, creation time, last modification time, and last analyzing time of objects of specified types (types existing in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b138684478561">object_type</strong>).</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__table420654232319" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OBJECT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row320619426232"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p920634202315">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p12206942192317">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p15206342152312">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row220624216238"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p7206124213231">object_oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p820611425234">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p13207042122311">Object identifier.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row1220714242320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p20207642132318">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p016516202817">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p220864252312">Object type:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__ul16271134413173"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li427118449179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b11264556758">r</strong> indicates a table, which can be an ordinary table or a temporary table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li1272164415178"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b842352706192959">i</strong> indicates an index.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li1427264461716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b84235270619301">s</strong> indicates a sequence.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li172725441173"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b842352706193010">v</strong> indicates a view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li327264413171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b737665935712">p</strong> indicates a stored procedure and function.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row192084426233"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p16208642122310">creator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p1020810424232">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p15208442202318">ID of the creator.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row6208104232316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p10208104282311">ctime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p14208104242317">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p888915209146">Object creation time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row380875614447"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p19808656124420">mtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p080817566443">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p178081056134415">Time when the object was last modified. By default, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b451552620">ALTER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b25212511613">COMMENT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b17521051616">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b10539425264">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b65245860">TRUNCATE</strong> operations are recorded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p143001615920">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b181491243767">light_object_mtime</strong> is configured for <a href="dws_04_0945.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section1980124735516">behavior_compat_options</a>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b724661610710">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b17246111612714">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b624641615720">TRUNCATE</strong> operations are not recorded.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__row951194824614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p742314214550">last_analyze_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p1842332112557">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.2%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__p13423321135511">Time when an object is analyzed for the last time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__note12762113710504"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__ul77841512155013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li127853126501">Only normal user operations are recorded. Operations before the object upgrade and during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b5101513114720">initdb</strong> process cannot be recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li15510315115015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b1376219276477">ctime</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__b13496173111479">mtime</strong> are the start time of the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694681__li1786321718505">The time of object modification due to capacity expansion is also recorded.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0602.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0602.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4ced81c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0602.html
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OBSSCANINFO</h1>
+<div id="body1524194412305"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a66effb5aef4c4c9789bd21a1378672a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__b7381021124314">PG_OBSSCANINFO</strong> defines the OBS runtime information scanned in cluster acceleration scenarios. Each record corresponds to a piece of runtime information of a foreign table on OBS in a query.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__t97e86c71ff434f1cbb056b0cd0362ca2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OBSSCANINFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r3a7b84416e994d53b65b25b6ac6611fe"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__ac941cf9891234f95b660c71a1dc0f89a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a5e04656b6ade4176961cd4d94faa5599">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a001ee66d95b34348ae697bea4e6afb1c">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a098600db539641f1be1f938b9aeb5b80">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r876f11c41ed84a8d9b67881782e61ef5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a54e0db2b53a64aabbff4b0eff7c4a3d5">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__ad95b25a1c3c04df88719cab8f2877e79">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__abe9614fe52934f63a6c3972febc8d475">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p74501851204017">Query ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r3f0f1597d1a64600a803cb3bf00084c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a5ea57cdb280b42439625f5282505b488">user_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a858c2b3d98d745fa85ce088b5bb07cef">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p96132274013">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p34491451184016">Database user who performs queries</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__rd50a4a7fd2794d6fa36b4f02a7329add"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__ac1f79a78acf94e0fadc7a70ff83bc315">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__aa0b6debe59764a4eba168dd982a9f545">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a4cb205867eef4b66b4af3e51a46974ac">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p344911511406">Name of a foreign table on OBS</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__rda59ccf0a9fb46499001b31d37fade83"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__aeb49f19f8a5045c5ab6c3a7fcf870187">file_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__acdf11d1450ba46a78549188343017f3a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p7761132494019">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p1344745184017">Format of files storing the underlying data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r72261a56c1384b9ea3f56ee2859ffa78"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a88f30fdfe5eb48348aa0a87107d905ef">time_stamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a778bb871e6af4bd0aed5486499f8c1d9">time_stam</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p1350242664011">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p2044525119407">Scanning start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r86be06ffdf804f51b99abb98004f4b11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__aa2703378c188463888b712902182a159">actual_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a22a7013910ff411ab7f435861a339161">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p19605027164014">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p1444165117409">Scanning execution time, in seconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r39d0ec563dc44ab0a0ab052f5a239456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a9493a1838667459cb5ec05be35a896ce">file_scanned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a1c77c951b64d446e896ede3651e64448">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p9430172994015">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p15442195119403">Number of files scanned</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__r5a72a8ce0b4d431288de4e1abe396099"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a559f0ac3d4114eb4b5549735d0438fc9">data_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p172961154018">double</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__ae0ac63db86314971913ecb10c92fdca4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p4441155120407">Size of data scanned, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__rcf5308e4c7bf4e178b5ddf3cfe3415f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a90b0c5dfee1949f2a46d0ec10ae78267">billing_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.18%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__a217c245ca7a045a5a48b214a2a74eb7e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.639999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p413623115401">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494739__p244085110406">Reserved columns</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0603.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0603.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd4cc287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0603.html
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OPCLASS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__acd74133bf8e84b6ca4a8f43d0c820aa2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b49401333174511">PG_OPCLASS</strong> defines index access method operator classes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ab16ef5bef2cc4cdd9bcbe4521dd458d1">Each operator class defines semantics for index columns of a particular data type and a particular index access method. An operator class essentially specifies that a particular operator family is applicable to a particular indexable column data type. The set of operators from the family that are actually usable with the indexed column are whichever ones accept the column's data type as their lefthand input. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__t73a6cdcc6f5f407295f7a10661f77795" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OPCLASS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ra23f56ada4d84851b753595c22721838"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a6685836e60f04997906362bfd62f3a42">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ad16ba1201c9a4d72ade48d71c3788f58">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a9c975ac569864d5b80459f4bca046b96">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a08e09097ed544fedbb34f3242c05c354">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r91b8d572acb64edea74d520b11c61878"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a7b89f3fbb5fb4b2f8903cd479643f43a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ae0734c9620564b87b7524ca4323c09c3">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a5f2876def31447268b59a7f270d6e2cc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ac83e99ea444e4895bb702cf926732e72">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r27e7e2b516a24187979572cc46a0abfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a1c22ee7b14284b63a2661a8ece882d68">opcmethod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a3b783ea08458435085e3498675ef38b2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a65777d1c2d8f422fb95d706afbbc774f"><a href="dws_04_0569.html">PG_AM</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a43dcf4472e7d4283a3477ee68d0e003f">Index access method the operator class is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r8967ebf498a743a7a5366f783afd31e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a68fcf5cd58db4b9ba2d9c8c201aedec8">opcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__af2c8356988b84dd096fe36475fa4683a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a4dc8f9fb8c6048788c439a59f61feab4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a640c622c92164dd98aab1e9177187529">Name of the operator class</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__rfc403dd65527452fbcce8f5e27bfceb4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a76aa1090abdc42668a06290e4dd2c556">opcnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a5641245e225b4f41a70cc3466a0e775e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a0655a5f868124ba68b81fe94883e357f"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a3730d83df29a4d4daf0ba3d7006f686a">Namespace to which the operator class belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r41c4110e86234278857ff803f93d6d58"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__aa78abd5ef7144114b47db741e6850ced">opcowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a140aea14b8d2440c99d8c40245207fc6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a563941175c904ffcbcde6ad39e1359e9"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a601f61e630ec4bc6b9ec50ad0df7c052">Owner of the operator class</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r43e04e86d21c41deb32739bfd686c30c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a8d94e0b90e0b42088352a7aa3322d499">opcfamily</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__aa7474b321e2744f187c3884269b6add0">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a436ae6915e5a498eaa2ee97668905f37"><a href="dws_04_0605.html">PG_OPFAMILY</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__adb0972ae635d4806b1f421cc656ccb7a">Operator family containing the operator class</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r9087e017fb5f4f549a5bd6721d54d1cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a1fbe8a2c29ff4a95aff6cf93f4db0894">opcintype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ad64d72e7c875467f93773987ba7cba2e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a27818487d96241b8b49504c72ed6d11a"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a8b09ff8f5b3249fab5e869f7c0a1e9cd">Data type that the operator class indexes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__r56d237a47cc04b7fb49bac8ba2330dde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a0d25e7aa50d049e4b9827f516213b719">opcdefault</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a5d0875cb0f354e54a8a6cf49b0532518"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__text20186328123618">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a8f659eac906047a8b17a778cffb81aee">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__ae2c58dbfe86542c8b7767d3794e2fb30">Whether the operator class is the default for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618719">opcintype</strong>. If it is, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b1173403357172444">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__re27efc42e7de49d18903ffd7832e2e63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__af308b19ff30348fa91cac11f94862671">opckeytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a6bdbcf47701e4d6290c80002ec9d9d6a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a51bb0a4abdb84dfeae4eedfe1acd2435"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__afd83610313a943aaa7395f929583fddd">Type of data stored in index, or zero if same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618737">opcintype</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__a2595c44ab61641f4b2dd66240232c125">An operator class's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b8423527061880">opcmethod</strong> must match the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618850">opfmethod</strong> of its containing operator family. Also, there must be no more than one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618914">pg_opclass</strong> row having <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618920">opcdefault</strong> true for any given combination of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618926">opcmethod</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654704__b84235270618929">opcintype</strong>. </p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0604.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0604.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86e03b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0604.html
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OPERATOR</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a5ca478c0ef9c4b2294e9736510a89034"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__b863918216471">PG_OPERATOR</strong> records information about operators.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__t93f166233ff14720ba30c5e69b617cce" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OPERATOR columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r505678640f394ede844627c8e3969605"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a407bb244eb15494b85df0e5069e6373a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__acbad6aab1fc44dfa943fc7245e716df8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae3dbb3fdf2ab43b99c422b7757a54580">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa84c5ba365a84601839f1d10d48d26ab">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r427275ca8c904c9397f6fbea87e9645f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a20c6ed3269d046919f22f22a53f00181">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a9b3ed364a8044b9ba5b2e96f5a69a9d6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a024b28ca707d47c7b681a6c5eafbfc2f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a1f9f5f32b33044c2acd9045cb8ee5524">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r1f5569a3bb5747a49716fcd89c289931"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a0418a393a5f24213acc24fe76b8c0add">oprname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a7a2a116605e543d9bc95a3b6a37a4bc0">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a37cff6dccfca4b90ad4c453f457043d9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a23e80998bd804d22bf4ebda9c9f3207a">Name of the operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rfccaa7ae0f3b4630be06703aa5366163"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae3620f5b04af4e208f98ed16eb6049d0">oprnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a88f53e9881a54714a55320c7569e34cc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ada6c1c2128c94e02902b72269eb80bd2"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a87d466a143d747b1950b43cbbd323346">OID of the namespace that contains this operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__raf0364f42d9c4b4ba131e4fe179b2177"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a6fb130c1fcba42838f830fe8210ae9a3">oprowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae6ac6acd55d742d7b5b90f5797d0eb8e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa78fc2f30af64b128fa81171cef45701"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a5d22e67301454c5490c6c06caaf1e954">Owner of the operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r7eb656b920b047a8a2cefe10d269ec3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa8ad3f802f8042d6bbe77c78657883ca">oprkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a39662854de8549a395f74acc7d437cd9">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a433e5280c3534bbe93110b2085b36e26">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ud60ce3716ca64ef2922add702f08e706"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__l8dd97b37443e4bbd969130cde3bcfc09"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__b842352706201049">b</strong>: infix ("both")</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__lddaf928e61e6470ba456d94ccfe39fd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__b842352706201054">l</strong>: prefix ("left")</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__l5df162b8e8204cedad8341f8d298000f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__b84235270620115">r</strong>: postfix ("right")</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rd6b2b22fb59e4348a40a48edd59dd489"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a5727492625f04d22b3f93a3cb8e0b778">oprcanmerge</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aff1c2a9bc8f643509b1e9ead30b56e63"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__text498943043613">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa52daf89112445a3a68b175937990c41">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a95721bb50f014017b7a16ddd3c63420b">Whether the operator supports merge joins</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r75a2f5cd527e489c879eca252a3761b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a640dd2803ed64e299502e1cac8f91741">oprcanhash</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__afe74741bba974d6abbe2f72ff8c8bafc"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__text3284233103610">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a290ec5bb962e46a0bef4315ca347bf20">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa04d9dba30d249aca3ad04cfec2e475a">Whether the operator supports hash joins</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rdea0b566ca454724aeebdd1315e3e7ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ad978f95d4aa14c6da92bc7f8abc934d1">oprleft</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ade5638fa80be4d63b83fd5e135f3fd8f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a3ceea60874ba4c67b1c86bda7d620039"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a9e7fb824d9d14a21b1dfe8f9c1540a81">Type of the left operand</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rc28d14e447d14af58a05ba68ba7bfc65"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae7338e251dfb4739aba6949a6cea0f52">oprright</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a33b17fdc22084af3abc60233565303e3">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aab94ae98cd70423097908e67b70f2d4a"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a223e9812ba1f482c99adcaf60b59f860">Type of the right operand</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__re4ae2ea9e8d040f58e6c94ab472bc464"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a1d31103a36004120ab933cc3d9adf2ed">oprresult</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae134d1de674941ee8f1b0375480a5b2c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a5174f9ba35124e10b50ca7f97cfcf7b8"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a6e24d9ebde9b402db4f63f4cf8dde249">Type of the result</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__r5cfd51b5e4424b6db700779a704953d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa25a78dcf3124548860e8894dff22f63">oprcom</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a89c41d2913cf4760bb7f4186137c5c42">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a7d9d34a2384541869cc05e5c89c25d86"><a href="dws_04_0604.html">PG_OPERATOR</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ac670909ef6d44c4db7ee9ce49ec9b248">Commutator of this operator, if any</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rb964d93106544043a0f6bd3c55b799a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aa8043580836b469388a468441efb21cd">oprnegate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__adbc17ce6f83e4b11978c038254a6d1c6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a0af11f83e97745c297ca1c528982afe7"><a href="dws_04_0604.html">PG_OPERATOR</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a29e913ff8f3c454b948987ee3facb823">Negator of this operator, if any</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__rd697eed6afe54a128916bc1ae6585df4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a623d898aee9e432091c7103ae7688e05">oprcode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ac82c3d393ff04b70bfdba7ec838d5c48">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ab3666701a1044db08d5a1e2047e40a5b"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aead4d60099d64ffcb782ae83b63660be">Function that implements this operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__red5a4e9420404d5babd29fec44a54666"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a65ad3443b455478090804e614bf30837">oprrest</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a49815f4e6360481eb2763ad01355ec69">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__aedc1cfd9e36742ab9381d238f923c5eb"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a6c85363c02674933b182a0d3fbed3981">Restriction selectivity estimation function for this operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__refb70feceff048678ade1b07c97a9134"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a127e43c3b33a4df9bfad0794f8cb1bcc">oprjoin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a9de5e7239bda44af9356e377de5ad13d">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__a69ce4df6f3bc4760af8890bee2c3e7c1"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894529__ae5d4470879ac48f1a02307caf2a61347">Join selectivity estimation function for this operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0605.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0605.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be1f81b2
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0605.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OPFAMILY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a4b637d56a0c34b2a9f4e726743b99519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__b4597965484">PG_OPFAMILY</strong> defines operator families.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__ad3109ee725e842858080ef90d46476b2">Each operator family is a collection of operators and associated support routines that implement the semantics specified for a particular index access method. Furthermore, the operators in a family are all "compatible", in a way that is specified by the access method. The operator family concept allows cross-data-type operators to be used with indexes and to be reasoned about using knowledge of access method semantics.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__t94aa86123495460883454bad239a9882" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OPFAMILY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__rd7bfd7be8c144243add76e9e01c0ab85"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a33643049d676419b939aa99d40b1b676">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a66ddfea67b21467b92f0c5982a92fd8e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a8c5776ccb2464ca6a994cdde1faf032b">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__ab727ae971f844559873d12559b892162">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__r65ac702d6f5d4cd18277e792d9592129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__acf1f783297e14851818ff0d6d913d2cc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__ac7c5d702708d4760934f71cd46c28404">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a6e040ff6bd4d4267a22ab8f46d1ba092">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a0a2eac78cd2a435db6b15f7a89994aa8">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__r1ce2cb242f5b4a2aabe910de74cc71a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__aa77215eca07b4aaba08f508af577fc07">opfmethod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a1601c7bbd128479da9fed59ce6726067">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a281b36afe18d413f82bc3e864a9a0d44"><a href="dws_04_0569.html">PG_AM</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__aa54dd6fade204855b62d567c476e22f5">Index access method the operator family is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__r1fadc3c887984f16a7399e3ff568b2dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a36c34fe60ed14433bff8baffb6c85245">opfname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__ac398f31ea7b24fe9aa5aaa97a7b9dc0b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a17784c353a124641b2c464ce40dc2001">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a34168fcc33df44e48252f8c1f02d173d">Name of the operator family</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__r121c8537760f4dd393cd7181d6dc8fd1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a3610556ea6a147548b77bcee2cfbe387">opfnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a65063315468248bcbd71581f1f76724a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a3e4dd5a3ba54414aaf1ef241048a4e29"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__aeb2d9b84a1804c08acd127ae0db2c85e">Namespace of the operator family</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__rfc0cac0a77c94d5faf610e20c92570ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.110000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a0031d59bbcb04518a96b3b94f1f865bd">opfowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.970000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__ad4c56f43ca084beb830a8fa11aa2bea2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__aad5701127c704c93827d63cbcc6ff77f"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.410000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a132a2060949a4062ab235ef5f795b7ff">Owner of the operator family</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__a46de02c33d034c9cb387f777cc20102f">The majority of the information defining an operator family is not in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495073__b84235270693812">PG_OPFAMILY</strong>, but in the associated <a href="dws_04_0570.html">PG_AMOP</a>, <a href="dws_04_0571.html">PG_AMPROC</a>, and <a href="dws_04_0603.html">PG_OPCLASS</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_PARTITION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a1b660237f4874a939d7a2a3c44933049"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b121171133164915">PG_PARTITION</strong> records all partitioned tables, table partitions, toast tables on table partitions, and index partitions in the database. Partitioned index information is not stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6db26ff898064b1298ed7a4f37aab330">PG_PARTITION</strong> system catalog.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__tbef0e89c657d4c7481b1bcdf6e91bd71" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_PARTITION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rdb69f3d009da455e8bcb35fdbbef20f6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae62269c94f15427997ac095943f1cd28">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a92c87a5b2876470d9c545876cbac2311">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9e4f2c97823f42eeaa1b0dfca0bb48c9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ra1b1020957a749658024997a5a4054e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__acc6a5cf1299f4af39783cb2c0d956d68">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ab4fb165ae321496d8acf92372e5859b1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae7c17580a35c40cab432aaa713259601">Names of the partitioned tables, table partitions, TOAST tables on table partitions, and index partitions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rd81b0434a3ea46ae8fc7544ca35c9b93"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__add40dd61b9e64962aece24f6d85f2f3a">parttype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ab30f79e1d5104309824328573f537a2c">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ac8f1aa9fb56b4a90b1678851cdfd1dba">Object type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__u48e42ec430d249fb8e56238f5c021db4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ldc782a3fbd12424d8771e7972e6b952c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706172829">r</strong> indicates a partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__l1c8a265e5a6549098ef7c3bb18faa84b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706172831">p</strong> indicates a table partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__le374f50840f94a80bea6c346574e37fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706172835">x</strong> indicates an index partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__lc448239b232840d69595cb6b0bd83eb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706172838">t</strong> indicates a TOAST table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__re1ef02459d7f46dd8595a80ad947d139"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9e4020b92cad4db7b267dfb39c1c54e7">parentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a8ffb03db1c084e5786083273e42c6f1f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__af3334dd004d0417cb5dc7f5e885b4a41">OID of the partitioned table in <strong>PG_CLASS</strong> when the object is a partitioned table or table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a7e801ebfcc69458fb95d27316461dbb6">OID of the partitioned index when the object is an index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r21d44464f73642cca7630abe7558130a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a83aa46bf3379459e8f64ec35f2608422">rangenum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__accae9f8273c546cdbf31769fd9daf67c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a7e23f2efc10e49aba422ce319b5d7727">Reserved field.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r14a8bf12eb304e3f94cbf0fa48b54147"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a3559e34c0fc64f9da1bc18e4ab3de7af">intervalnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__accaee190e9c1417399061fb2568fa0ed">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6a865ce372fb4fcdb3189c0c4c36e0f9">Reserved field.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rfbd02bbaaa6e44e48f4c5ded46b8ebef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__aa6dd613f6d9b432694657a77a44da38a">partstrategy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ac71966ec913a4a13862dc5e229f12b79">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__abcf565051d754876841efeaec76f6800">Partition policy of the partitioned table. The following policies are supported:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ac619ff299a6e490b84a95ec1a4214a4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b84235270620411">r</strong> indicates the range partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9f1c86b34a1c46c5912b33e096e175eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706111852">v</strong> indicates the numeric partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rc47cc02f29a94b868827d913909cae5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__aafc6660a9dcb4e87b1203f7e4a5c1a1b">relfilenode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a338e8bc541174cff929899d4c1052d31">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a4fd7e90af57949fd9cdf1103f70be7d5">Physical storage locations of the table partition, index partition, and TOAST table on the table partition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r801f53921dfd4c179ad67c76b4133e2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad9d1d55a89214b0ebdadfaf9afca93e7">reltablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a63ca542048fd478abc6902afc4d905ca">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6958aa547c044051a6358e032199c293">OID of the tablespace containing the table partition, index partition, TOAST table on the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rcc62b97f017e4f3e840b01f77c3e0151"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__aa778f0e7734a415a93026e21ede4cd0b">relpages</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a3e5dd367b8004cf28630ccfc3e8d2499">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a2173d72b5e29493294267b2ee8d6d639">Statistics: numbers of data pages of the table partition and index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rce6483889882459d8bc730b1e9c8e365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a42a8cc04c345424695afe58fac6b58aa">reltuples</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad38f5e35c7cb4138bc0d7f0cf8cbfdd6">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6b733342a368445b97a2d3643eb58da9">Statistics: numbers of tuples of the table partition and index partition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r181f20cec515429296228584841795f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a2ebaf0b53be54783b65a6e6902ff7d60">relallvisible</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__aab5b203b27a54915a1c6a6efe51dd72d">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6e83f33d2aeb4e38812af372edbfb469">Statistics: number of visible data pages of the table partition and index partition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r7efa163bbc2e431d87c5fb8b5a855fe2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a3c1d3b996db0487189614a47aafb838e">reltoastrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a73941614e6dc481c9c2ca642321f9055">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a01c15f1bef22432883db7d1180a45dd6">OID of the TOAST table corresponding to the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rdd72f930eff2491e952b282a63a7d0f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae5c14cb5ae3847aebb861e2658b55a4c">reltoastidxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ab61d5a545db4465db13b1298231f2230">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a756c380ca6cd481cbbd5bd51aec7f949">OID of the TOAST table index corresponding to the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rbb0e9ca4363f44f090e5737641263ee0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a5abbb5f64ef44b85b6aa14a25f208b13">indextblid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a13431fda303f4b408959df4263a1a797">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ab1cba626f2954e0ba55bbd13b2ddfd22">OID of the table partition corresponding to the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r9c23e3125d4e48c88d3d18e53670728b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a5ee2b5e486114d3d8247968ed917e1ef">indisusable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad1c569706c1d42f7810910772aad2ae7"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__text1866273619369">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad44dc0a5dd3f46ac9adecba75d545672">Whether the index partition is available</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ra76b7c7e0ad646bab4e415fa7ae0f777"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a4a0fdccecfe242e29e376c4bf655cbda">reldeltarelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__afa681ea21cae4610b817afa179c7b924">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a81f1728919a54fe0a16e1b3d2e022fd2">OID of a Delta table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rc3eab8df5ccb4d589744291a389ef232"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a4575f78f7e71403ab611613d89e6dff4">reldeltaidx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a4edf64e166424f18aa31c3ba1c1724d3">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ac55f2e7833844181846539a6229dea2a">OID of the index for a Delta table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ra43467e1c12747a1a85273790755eb3b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9479413e528c4914afe9a7c00cfa11ef">relcudescrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad535799fd9604144a21fc5fa312d7f86">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9780bf6313b24adf925e351df241efbd">OID of a CU description table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rd963c4df69c04e7fa5450592d1e536f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a72e123b668574d46a50bf8a48c21207f">relcudescidx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a80a4f3c056554ea4a0f7e294a18d1f5a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a0ce691148b6041b98a27446896536b68">OID of the index for a CU description table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r827ffcfb0dc74fc785dcd16f92daefae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a84e1b080360145cfb6d2cafdd5c7c680">relfrozenxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a804c1c716ee04a51aaf17d1f9773505c">xid32</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p58881055173213">Frozen transaction ID</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae716f1acbcf844f58e0d9055c1c9cdc6">To ensure forward compatibility, this column is reserved. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b1871732114311">relfrozenxid64</strong> column is added to record the information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r346adedbcac74b6dbdf0052a0fb37502"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a6770bfba6cc64ad09598c0d82a1325cc">intspnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a9a1967fbfbd34c028f6478d56b3b976f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae61b0271bf344cad89e07c91d76b01a9">Number of tablespaces that the interval partition belongs to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r23ee0d8afbe046328aa51936bdd11289"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a89046b3c4e724d918d7a3a880e8e30a9">partkey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a758feeaa577c4966a5b50b05669f8b4d">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__af25cda428a7c4566b3c5ff8a6b156c33">Column number of the partition key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r75bfdf40ed35470eaf227714803ab867"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a83974950ca7b49369f70fcdbc70feed2">intervaltablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__acc1a9ced26e441418937a6ebe6a5c34a">oidvector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ac11ca7cbf69a4fa38999acbd7c7c1866">Tablespace that the interval partition belongs to. Interval partitions fall in the tablespaces in the round-robin manner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r39b45a20d5404414a588c72afab05400"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a378bbc8815aa41c4a4eeecb5d93abb98">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__aa146329994154f828c400c9d2166bf3c">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad35c9b782b734a62ad8178f84ee05686">Interval value of the interval partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__rb94a1df833df42e2876f2088986c0761"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__adccd6fefb89b4bfc8505ad6100db882d">boundaries</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ad8a83eca01b44ef388811555f92454df">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__abb1ab430bc144443a569de1f81a527ef">Upper boundary of the range partition and interval partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__r5b03a4b8c052409ab497b5aa143b1620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__ae1837b9d69b840219e37c996df3f8e67">transit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a4057f6b8c5404d0d9042c9d44316267c">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__a343a02b3992745f3a01b7486dd6ec345">Transit of the interval partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__row3779121519563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p27801115115615">reloptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p12781131555614">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p15781121575617">Storage property of a partition used for collecting online scale-out information. Same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__b842352706173049">pg_class.reloptions</strong>, it is a keyword=value string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__row17427204774817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p1942874784818">relfrozenxid64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p8428447114811">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.589999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654910__p114281847184818">Frozen transaction ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_PLTEMPLATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__en-us_topic_0059778151_p262750195410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__b14329129205115">PG_PLTEMPLATE</strong> records template information for procedural languages.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__td574a69037e0483c9fda661bb7646707" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_PLTEMPLATE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r59c6e149c13c438c857eb1c5f8c9a3d1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a38aae679b55144cc8e3a2a183e4823aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__afe2bd0b73a1d4ef5b6917e65a98c46c2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a5d33dab65241491192d41d1a2527219f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r72793db8bf0242e3b297913d4126ff1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a4c124aa8eaff45a784ca3b6650b09e85">tmplname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a28cb306410c64ea4b87ff98162c283c4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a0314109a14e0464ea54c37c41130478f">Name of the language for which this template is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__rb5dee4822e68420a9f65caa5cdf90c24"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__acba78f133a5e4b6a8d208588bd1eb53f">tmpltrusted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a403dc423f8c549b49a8bfc19a82c5c85"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__text317273963611">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a3800d5c2756745bb8a3f757aee6cbda1">The value is <strong>true</strong> if the language is considered trusted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r3293069b6a9f49628659b27ef105c5df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__abe015d9866394b3f9990177108be75f7">tmpldbacreate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a62985344ef5f4695bb21ad2576af7560"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__text52846408369">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__ad89e819f83e94abf90afe3aa2126ee8a">The value is <strong>true</strong> if the language is created by the owner of the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__rc4b675a1537b45b28def4ab30a18829a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__ae7ace4f4c49c41468d571f07f85f0844">tmplhandler</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a0cf0ef8e21164bd7adf26c1d93bb3260">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a2857111ac9764335bc7f8b1a57114894">Name of the call handler function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r045e38f892244994aabdf065456fd73c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a39719d5f6cf54a3fa05ac0fa5e5e5268">tmplinline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a3228bfd0ebda4b76b04d92509d31ea9c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__ad33b9edcd0df46c78d048a6d1a7d1286">Name of the anonymous block handler. If no name of the block handler exists, the value is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__rf09314d8ee50456597e96b5076b23e34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a585e749edbd348289c1d783cde8c59ed">tmplvalidator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__aed3be96ec2074ef2bc217454dd2d2e7e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a39b920522e2043759042376da940954c">Name of the verification function. If no verification function is available, the value is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r7ec661c8792c49d489937addd52e44a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a89b54b356b0e447d95ddd6ea2021c905">tmpllibrary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a4345ba8139d8498d8b125d607c18199b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__abc84bbbe5626484c83ac6f1c2ddf4eec">Path of the shared library that implements languages</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__r4307a4bc246f447bbd2bae421c573912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__ab9b54495ffa846b3803d98e9776b4634">tmplacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__aa74b3965e8a04fd5bbca394ee15005f1">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814707__a333befb5cb49483e98b2a8b570063a79">Access permissions for template (not yet used)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_PROC</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4bf52e1178e44910b907a872a98a2ee6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b1328661155415">PG_PROC</strong> records information about functions or procedures.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__t5f175eb400994d4fa7095975f1ba3424" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_PROC columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__re9fc7d6b0c654eef8efa7bb7673ea6e9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ac765441f3bfb4cfea8063fd08d41a29b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ac97cd065029a45bdb356526769a26879">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a2d778ee616024e7284058178c0860b0b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r33fa0cc6ccfd486cb5f249158bf58dd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ac69859fe37a54fedb631683c40ca716c">proname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a2c281975a00945d69069d80416045f68">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a5d0884422cb943129055576b0534a19a">Name of the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r482b2e22ca09463d8f35e66766d78b96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a65f1970a769a420a955dff83753a32e6">pronamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__abad1d9156ea14e62a0296aec1a13e11b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a448b3102da0b4509a1945e6fa1307d5d">OID of the namespace that contains the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r22f44d57ae8a443181f841122d8ee74a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ad209fa052f824c81ac8ca2585d749c38">proowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ada007b007d5a4d3aac7cc1153e185ac4">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a16ed2ea4fbed43f8a2b914cd25523439">Owner of the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r57ee92609f0346f2abcd9400ca07d743"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4e6cf820faf94179aa0c8d17703892a4">prolang</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aec7ebd840c0841bdad9c0776292476e8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a8c3a6631da3e484b9c24da241acab664">Implementation language or call interface of the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r9c1bc768ff9140afabf4fa1f3d23c3b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ad45d3374c2f843d2a6b20da3d127f4fe">procost</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ab5a32c3657574fc19a4e8518f19a0112">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aa4510e5e416d440dae3171073fde62ff">Estimated execution cost</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r4beb4d9d666245e3b3572def57788fc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4faa5326999f4e6495b795c80e5c303e">prorows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a7037ee476c7e4e3bb801e7d97dfac9f6">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a344de74eca404375b805dd9458f82a92">Estimate number of result rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r298c6c1d84cc4d12b1040a0b1cc32883"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a481aa74c710a48bab32a39309ffcc1b4">provariadic</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a995758fddc344b4588f15bf0732c618f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a9f61729207254c0ea06d583a9af513dd">Data type of parameter element</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r36780bbcf3f348ccb0b28201befb2d35"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aefd7f7c56d9742aa969b6cb263d2f68d">protransform</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__af167e185f9e0420ab7f27e70716aeb98">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a8b480281f893433aa2e3c2563e378fd6">Simplified call method for this function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__rb58a91cc0f4d46b9875430e12bbb027a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aa5a73bc9ba7e42368aec788d5318008b">proisagg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a67e0cb6ee93b4585a471b15c5ab35f86"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text1743315653617">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a20758b4255a04badaba362a2f1e3868f">Whether this function is an aggregate function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r76983d9944a6458ca94e94c46ac60153"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ab2b656c766104578a4a7be46d35973c0">proiswindow</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a440a4c847d954ddfbcefdf240e2ff948"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text1440716572360">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__affca871db38b43baa6464f10f6bea0b7">Whether this function is a window function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r863f604f69e84fd7b4e1b86be2a4a7c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ad916d7b494024aa3aedb5bf196e645f5">prosecdef</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a90bd1889c6df4b0cb7522d794dc703eb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text618535911365">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4ac1497465ea41a29d441b9f8f83c94e">Whether this function is a security definer (such as a "setuid" function)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r1205c51363f64a0ea4ad2dcedee61da0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a1b676572527341cd971db40668ba3ca7">proleakproof</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ad544e2a637b34563a48092fb4fda275e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text34211709374">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a7eeba9c2c14e47ef86b321f33d7ff4a4">Whether this function has side effects. If no leakproof treatment is provided for parameters, the function throws errors.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r426df2ba5f414588bf37923f41f8894d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__af70e925be1c647c89d51990bea5943ef">proisstrict</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ae9706d8a15f74ed6844dc78f6bd92238"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text146216123715">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__add154351a7584426a13caab68984b80d">The function returns null if any call parameter is null. In that case the function does not actually be called at all. Functions that are not "strict" must be prepared to process null inputs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r0c3852ff09074380b5e021b2c0fed4a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a69c7b6e0576d43d092e52a73406a3555">proretset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a436b455fa07d4a548394df50a73baf1e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text447915216377">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__afdf869d0b38040d9b00b55483cf549d8">The function returns a set, that is, multiple values of the specified data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r68dba87797f644cc9b506951c5635e23"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a64e1eb00656249c68cfd5d3b4cee9a00">provolatile</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a857df54b132846d0a79a88a0087e73cb">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a356e7812861c47b196d2a70536d8684f">Whether the function's result depends only on its input parameters, or is affected by outside factors</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ua1d9949a61e945658e1f5a3b40d5e52c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__l80e4231016474beda349c2042b711a4d">It is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b205826254483">i</strong> for "immutable" functions, which always deliver the same result for the same inputs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__le8b491a46a664f25bbdaf6ce3fc8391b">It is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b842352706211132">s</strong> for "stable" functions, whose results (for fixed inputs) do not change within a scan.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__l70999d66ce444d8180cf9b1333ab234c">It is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b4285174918489">v</strong> for "volatile" functions, whose results may change at any time.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r0533134a8ebc4c57963c27d8cd72f54a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a962e9abacf7847848a5b3861d45d4d3b">pronargs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a303f18190fb84784a2606a46be9750f7">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a5151a47c5d604e129f300decf640bcf0">Number of parameters</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__redca992a93e446339a221348d5cae85f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ac6effb19b3ac41adb8fbd81680df45c4">pronargdefaults</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aa81ad7f9ce284822a1a167057a3e5813">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a659c5040fcaf4723bad696abfae8d877">Number of parameters that have default values</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__rcfb5c502ab2a48ec87295efe613f859f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a84e6930f78a54be3ab4eed0b86e5c9b1">prorettype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a810122c39fa146aea3908df186ef598b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4b99977a7d9e4eab8e8e6ec0d7c0e3cc">OID of the returned parameter type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r2736b6c80e29429baeeb08eeac4ac90a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aec2e8df5f6e848088edeed1374266b83">proargtypes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a6dc56dc8220d41e0931e77e061d5188c">oidvector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__adbe5a5d2079f4e26a318ef18062fe086">Array with the data types of the function parameters. This array includes only input parameters (including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b1133805310537">INOUT</strong> parameters) and thus represents the call signature of the function.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r748125f66c564fa6ab5bd554f7a54415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ae7ea19ba201c4ec0a0a45db9203f7f13">proallargtypes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a325b4f1616df48b38838c6f6f81df8df">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a2d24200d12c945ab804fcdf1c0d0f106">Array with the data types of the function parameters. This array includes all parameter types (including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b561923119542">OUT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b6624163118548">INOUT</strong> parameters); however, if all the parameters are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b16625113117544">IN</strong> parameters, this column is null. Note that array subscripting is 1-based, whereas for historical reasons, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b135361241105417">proargtypes</strong> is subscripted from 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r59d70105a9ca48a9ad0b768e1e440ef8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a0d38cfb05123437487c97add0503e215">proargmodes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__aae3d063bc92f4d7886eaff566b338a5b">"char"[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p658242773814">Array with the modes of the function parameters.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ul46951814113910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__li146967148395"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b174751937165614">i</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b358563910563">IN</strong> parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__li969601473918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b86247405713">o</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b19176585573">OUT</strong> parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__li669671433913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b206011113185711">b</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b16321518105719">INOUT</strong> parameters.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a6c9a7429a5e64766a16b8f77b9fcc7d3">If all the parameters are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b1554021141813">IN</strong> parameters, this column is null. Note that subscripts of this array correspond to positions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b1265135085813">proallargtypes</strong> not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b46060185918">proargtypes</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r8359c43cb04244ecafd4cd2272c90e2f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a7ddbb14952f047ffb0208a0b920c35de">proargnames</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a3afc48f876ea4753af2739b4b97d9111">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a7b2a5c203c9c49d28a2b9f98c370626a">Array that stores the names of the function parameters. Parameters without a name are set to empty strings in the array. If none of the parameters have a name, this column is null. Note that subscripts correspond to positions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b54171041115918">proallargtypes</strong> not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b18417124115597">proargtypes</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r4d54cd0a62e049e1a57ff35ecfab915f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a170895ba3e19417e9b33b6371d9650e3">proargdefaults</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ab099e6bfd85e4a7fbed86323f3104056">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ae6224f6d973142839fa3be8a5e58118d">Expression tree of the default value. This is the list of PRONARGDEFAULTS elements.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r10ca0aa8c6204f3882ec96d06045fb7a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a5ed6bf455f0e4baa8de8e491521954b4">prosrc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ac92ed959656745188ec5b40b6d648923">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__af471c8feb3c24674bff97c5a1e79d335">A definition that describes a function or stored procedure. In an interpreting language, it is the function source code, a link symbol, a file name, or any body content specified when a function or stored procedure is created, depending on how a language or calling is used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__rc3c27cd9ca0649039bae4bab4278b08f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a6bf5064afe4940368b25a007be421268">probin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a269fd78e87c54655b8ddf3fab02eb410">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__afc8e5de7a5844cd0844dfcab59f6eeab">Additional information about how to call the function. Again, the interpretation is language-specific.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r49bfcf791432430791e583b44e89b554"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a0b3c864bb0414f9984ee112bbb563026">proconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a42c5dd58626d4910b39fd550a122ec92">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__adaccb4a668924b579e090b77fc1e310e">Function's local settings for run-time configuration variables.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r12676382655b4645b607b003a4c0699e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ae4cdf1abf6954be7b2180934cc1860e3">proacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ab293a7ce1cd343b593b558907d0bf4b3">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a4ff022f1ca394b57953a19c1672cad0a">Access permissions For details, see GRANT and REVOKE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__r44f91f24e66b4d8cbb0e8e57974dbaed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a042b2c7b46dd4810bdc416de7bcfcf35">prodefaultargpos</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a8897dadb4176452c8029f98219a909f5">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__a5e3642549a3d4846a1a934467b93b751">Locations of the function default values. Not only the last few parameters have default values.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__row686174217515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p28674210510">fencedmode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p8863421512"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text3682183153717">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p6861342165114">Execution mode of a function, indicating whether a function is executed in fence or not fence mode. If the execution mode is fence, the function is executed in the fork process that is reworked. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b842352706172230">fence</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__row784317718558"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p884317115515">proshippable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p38430735515"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text63574554331">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p193202191116">Whether a function can be pushed down to DNs. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b17679171983414">false</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__ul7834143017421"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__li178341130184212">Functions of the IMMUTABLE type can always be pushed down to the DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__li118352307429">Functions of the STABLE or VOLATILE type can be pushed down to DNs only if their attribute is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b1360861913467">SHIPPABLE</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__row1152415694116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p18524661417">propackage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.5%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p17209185853314"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__text1320919580339">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p1552619614416">Indicates whether the function supports overloading, which is mainly used for the Oracle style function. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b10822119974">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__section484813815416"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p573019137416">Query the OID of a specified function. For example, obtain the OID <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b489371533817">1295</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b07620983816">justify_days</strong> function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__screen5231135114117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_proc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'justify_days'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1295</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__p16891141912459">Query whether a function is an aggregate function. For example, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__b8190135420384">justify_days</strong> function is a non-aggregate function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694503__screen9868161185315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proisagg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_proc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'justify_days'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proisagg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0609.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0609.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ea2439e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0609.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_RANGE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__en-us_topic_0059778637_p27387208540"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__b13478171417569">PG_RANGE</strong> records information about range types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__ae211544e3a7f48edb8b5fbbcf2898099">This is in addition to the types' entries in <a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__t41bbb25ebef84ca4b7e315af97243ff9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_RANGE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__rc22aa523045248da84963e1d8005b444"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a446cf998674c4c96b876e8840c4c18f4">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__aaa6463faaafa4ce79360a3b2d3cc8193">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a9cca28d978a642c3b1ebeeea6f468dbd">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__ad825b5b22c5a421e8838ef42248c7ac4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__rcd406bbfe9b2450badb4a1ea702de068"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a54418c5b349e45d6bd7b6233232ad1f2">rngtypid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a2cb0a29891ab46d5aa9d0e5de8f1e798">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a4b5ffa25830846adb546e691bb7d8cce"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a8dd7ca197707462fbb4b31ed9645ffba">OID of the range type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__rff11745a58d84dc5abb938932a2676e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a4c63ded819f54830a70967c191630c99">rngsubtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a93ae03c3116a40d7a85626e280a0141d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__ac34601ab6a2847c28c8eac66f9e9fa0f"><a href="dws_04_0629.html">PG_TYPE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a9608f4a70bee462e872a1c532b4095e1">OID of the element type (subtype) of this range type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__r30abbccf13044006a9088b5555056354"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__aa4b621da14aa4f50ac47f00f27c406d1">rngcollation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a05bae480e88f43d6b7e7f378c69583e1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a6c0382e2efa14abdb14c77f449994151"><a href="dws_04_0579.html">PG_COLLATION</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a5652073eaec2452fb8696f7c8d246aa7">OID of the collation used for range comparisons, or 0 if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__r6f18c306785d45058c28eec1f3d5cc24"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__adad1c6fbb86c495f901b7fa1eeb0dd07">rngsubopc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__ae6f8657b107d42b6bf1730cdc9098a9e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a9454109021b447128912cff3b70b65c7"><a href="dws_04_0603.html">PG_OPCLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a82b8a159d55f45f680be0b436a501964">OID of the subtype's operator class used for range comparisons</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__r8ef2d4d526d54b7994a1c192ab43995d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a57e44f9b187c45d6991426deb30d07c3">rngcanonical</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a9813b4b44fe34b1fabb6c50c26f1085e">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a18e80f0206704544a5347da97b7ec06f"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a949a9655762f434dabca611e4dec3685">OID of the function to convert a range value into canonical form, or 0 if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__rb12cc3cd76684c8489b4e08a3be9e1e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__acffb3a03b5d14318af2a1c4b60ec19ab">rngsubdiff</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.41%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a672dce0b1c454deabdcfb61d64697a13">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.76%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__af104e4e8e7ab4aaa84964744a0ddcd85"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a725332fc18074e908708419a997cb4fc">OID of the function to return the difference between two element values as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__b842352706113352">double precision</strong>, or 0 if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__a6750c0ac3c8749fdb3ff447409a7e413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__b842352706113433">rngsubopc</strong> (plus <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__b842352706113438">rngcollation</strong>, if the element type is collatable) determines the sort ordering used by the range type. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494615__b13780871026">rngcanonical</strong> is used when the element type is discrete.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0610.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0610.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99d3135b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0610.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_REDACTION_COLUMN</h1>
+<div id="body1579505399912"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p103101797333"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b10621141124918">PG_REDACTION_COLUMN</strong> records the information about the redacted columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__table8837113313338" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_REDACTION_COLUMN columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row78378338337"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__a3747e02f89ea41c4af8f0f79c9b76f3a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__ae20f1787aa68429d81a78d33bad2f6ec">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__a69e8f283a2594152bd616dea04b60bb7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row68381233153310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p14838113343312">object_oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p148381335338">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p8839033143311">OID of the object to be redacted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row3839113373316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p10839203383310">column_attrno</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p483983315333">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p88391033193312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b0789047115016">attrno</strong> of the redacted column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row0839183319332"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p10839163311338">function_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p1783983312331">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p1284083315339">Redaction type.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__note10761172916719"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p73918128284">This column is reserved. It is used only for forward compatibility of redacted column information in earlier versions. The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b1571911417211">0</strong> (NONE) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b19451044192113">1</strong> (FULL).</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row7840193314338"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p284053333315">function_parameters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p9840333103316">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p584083314335">Parameters used when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b8329940102814">partial</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row11836145419316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p118374541131">regexp_pattern</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p683815541310">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p883820541532">Pattern string when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b1284320319312">regexp</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row2945209414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p89461700417">regexp_replace_string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p11946901347">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p209461801642">Replacement string when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b178479418326">regexp</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row1458915146420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p1259018145415">regexp_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p11590201411411">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p15590314944">Start and end replacement positions when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b19513534133215">regexp</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row2513181413178"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p65141214171717">regexp_occurrence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p115157146179">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p135155148170">Replacement times when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b165501205333">regexp</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row1080791910175"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p118083195172">regexp_match_parameter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p13809131911171">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p980941911719">Regular control parameter used when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__b2252112933319">regexp</strong> (reserved).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row139621523181710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p11962142312179">column_description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p796310233173">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p13963122351710">Description of the redacted column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__row147141050162617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p207141650142611">function_expr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p207141350112612">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694583__p107143504267">Internal representation of the redaction function.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0611.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0611.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..258dd82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0611.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_REDACTION_POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body1579505399912"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__b1795373015565">PG_REDACTION_POLICY</strong> records information about the object to be redacted.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__table11669143412348" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_REDACTION_POLICY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row06701334193419"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__a3747e02f89ea41c4af8f0f79c9b76f3a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__ae20f1787aa68429d81a78d33bad2f6ec">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__a69e8f283a2594152bd616dea04b60bb7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row15670143423416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p9671113433412">object_oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p1967113416342">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p1967193473417">OID of the object to be redacted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row2671934153417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p186715340349">policy_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p11671834103414">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p16671934193412">Name of the redact policy.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row067113343347"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p26728341340">enable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p106726349348">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p2672163412346">Policy status (enabled or disabled).</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__note10761172916719"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p1069208181014">The value can be:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__ul11269152511011"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__li02691525201018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__en-us_topic_0059777799_en-us_topic_0058968139_b84235270616346_1">true</strong>: enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__li13446727121015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__b148910812297">false</strong>: disabled.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row5672163443413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p7672134173411">expression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p15672173414349">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p567213418347">Policy effective expression (for users).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__row13672734183417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p36721934133415">policy_description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p18673173420343">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894599__p86731734143415">Description of a policy.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0612.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0612.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2735a6ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0612.html
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_RLSPOLICY</h1>
+<div id="body0000001091561524"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p1270511163311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b10945951143415">PG_RLSPOLICY</strong> displays the information about row-level access control policies.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__table11669143412348" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_RLSPOLICY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row06701334193419"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__a3747e02f89ea41c4af8f0f79c9b76f3a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__ae20f1787aa68429d81a78d33bad2f6ec">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__a69e8f283a2594152bd616dea04b60bb7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row15670143423416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p9671113433412">polname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p1967113416342">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p20413181514118">Name of a row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row2671934153417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p186715340349">polrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p11671834103414">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p61021227184114">Table OID of a row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row067113343347"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p26728341340">polcmd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p106726349348">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p1241822215422">SQL operations affected by a row-level access control policy. The options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b989912168521">*(ALL)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b528232045219">r(SELECT)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b2072810227527">w(UPDATE)</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b131452619528">d(DELETE)</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row5672163443413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p1157615215351">polpermissive</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p15672173414349">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p2672163412346">Type of a row-level access control policy</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__note10761172916719"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p1069208181014">Values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b84235270620618">polpermissive</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__ul11269152511011"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__li02691525201018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b6648135632219">true</strong>: The row-level access control policy is a permissive policy.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__li13446727121015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__b158444612236">false</strong>: The row-level access control policy is a restrictive policy.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row13672734183417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p36721934133415">polroles</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p18673173420343">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p171921656194211">OID of database user affected by a row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__row629014421367"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.531453145314533%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p8290134273618">polqual</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.13141314131413%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p122901242153618">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="71.33713371337134%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694593__p133771317204310">SQL condition expression of a row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0613.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0613.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0533db56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0613.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_RESOURCE_POOL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__en-us_topic_0059777874_p84792292547"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__b2300173855714">PG_RESOURCE_POOL</strong> records the information about database resource pool.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__t2fb6b48974f74377a4088bf6152acaf5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_RESOURCE_POOL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__rbcd53010b150484eb93e14908f4d1c9a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a3747e02f89ea41c4af8f0f79c9b76f3a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ae20f1787aa68429d81a78d33bad2f6ec">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a69e8f283a2594152bd616dea04b60bb7">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__rff70e3351156435d8bde3e4e42c52a6a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ad3a5f3201fb2456a907e083799fee47a">respool_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ab930d93f167e44b9a23dde4c0e396ed3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__af47c859c003f47d6a73e291d926a0c1c">Name of the resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__rc344b8aa5d58401ba953c5c965202de8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__abf7533d46b134e7a8b518bf2c8179ecb">mem_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a05a0ee29f1544927aa84b6962a7ab687">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a0c2c9405387542e5bb09ab46a9a004e2">Percentage of the memory configuration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__r2be1257332ed41b8ab972655d1bb7d34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a030666f14a10451ca09c8b5dea0fd8f5">cpu_affinity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ad1eeb2a75b504ef8b39ad0eea25a7221">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ab0b064b2d7524d09890a6ea4d9a89c06">Value of cores bound to the CPU</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__r0dbccd4b211f4bc49fc2b4ddb4cc42bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ac4ac173c0c994736990f2e8993a6f7b1">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ae0d79a89588549b687f0bfd1b2df4c2a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a84165b5af3404fdca2f9973ea6c7ea91">Name of the Cgroup where the resource pool is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__rd2880eac62a344c5841735dd6834ca44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__acc94968e71474278ad57f4dd99815d0b">active_statements</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a7ae38482453544168719de852a221626">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ae9a00048c3ba4861918e3e9d98b6dffb">Maximum number of concurrent statements in the resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__r7e727eb78dfc4a5680e8fd9429f65c22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a9bf888bd677b4e10835e7fba59a4002d">max_dop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__aa516073e9eb94f34b75f24b827e2c6cf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ac630fac417dc4ffc8138af5d8c990be2">Maximum concurrency. This is a reserved parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__rb460499b8f2f4fcca57f092650d39af1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a8fcdf5ce36194422a8101a64e0b29877">memory_limit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__ace0d4d414eed4ade8be0bf9fb4ba207b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__a00b7329b2d1248159d75705f12a21d5d">Maximum memory of resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__row58121618143812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p53332520143812">parentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p24966863143812">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p9050014143812">OID of the parent resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__row11151648203813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p1416194883819">io_limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p15163485384">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p12639142783918">Upper limit of IOPS. It is counted by ones for column storage and by 10 thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__row033313103404"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p19333410134015">io_priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p33338107400">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p533491074015">I/O priority set for jobs that consume many I/O resources. It takes effect when the I/O usage reaches 90%.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__row731531942417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.692069206920692%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p143171619182414">is_foreign</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.8029802980298%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p1131721932419">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.504950495049506%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__p20317101910244">Indicates whether the resource pool can be used for users outside the logical cluster. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814671__b34816113475">true</strong>, the resource pool controls the resources of common users who do not belong to the current resource pool.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0614.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0614.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3bb28ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0614.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_REWRITE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a7434f913ee23483e8e9d9fea8a2f9c44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b3427158195819">PG_REWRITE</strong> records rewrite rules defined for tables and views.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__tfcad57a4417142acb2b406b33fc7c3f8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_REWRITE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__rd03b279decbb464e9b9e8554ef6d5f27"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__aba45333886d6417bb89febc9dbe2283f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ad8e4d7e53b414d6daa3f2907c88f00f8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a1221b7e183144c0ba90a01cded47d978">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__reaad31b1209c4726988ff3de4eebca62"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a1643b2eef49f4020ae82ad02c07c8bb6">rulename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a4e336785c85141e281548088973d3837">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ae2576694cf3b458e9331ffc6efbe5964">Rule name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__r059016706bfd4d50b5c823c50674a888"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a6f3836c1d3bf4e97abde1e0b732b94d9">ev_class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__addce31f7bb2a4b8893661eb1d42d65f2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a031dfe494dfb4b5ebcf0642e8ac94a20">Name of the table that uses the rule</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__r64db3e46d9b14902bfd5acde1603c55d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a31e8188646424507bd9cab774316a084">ev_attr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a367c2bb182484b81a21c6947cf1c0701">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ac2ce0b657b404f05a5f33f494775209f">Column this rule is for (always <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b171541441236">0</strong> to indicate the entire table)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__rf42f3358e31f4997a1b17cab20f02eca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a8d211e23f221463b8c71e9685e1cb6aa">ev_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ac6c7e270cd9349e1b8a8b3efdb735368">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__af8d38a621cdc455c81943ced2a1bc03e">Event type for this rule:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__u203de141ee2c4b98a5c1bd9534ed6779"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__lb8800da84eac4300b3dc2a1a3d5dc28e">1 = SELECT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__l03974aaad96e4e089730c6694b405f71">2 = UPDATE</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__lb56b8d547d8741bfa9dca1ea7a0fc9a3">3 = INSERT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__l9fc0d469320f44719061c5d52766ceff">4 = DELETE</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__rd531adad960242329ffec556260e1510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a14901c7a2eed49b3a5f5c261c6cdba9d">ev_enabled</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__af686bc0090634717a754860dc4bdcba3">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__afaa01227466c47fea1f113af5a0a9c18">Controls in which mode the rule fires</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__u8c49bf3aa1ef4c4f839b831246918004"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ld93defaddb0448e78a5ffa76f7a2d06a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b145895384308">O</strong>: The rule fires in "origin" and "local" modes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__l90757e6ebfd34e13a3aa58b0d9201213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b18460134318305">D</strong>: The rule is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__l384a6b7ce2a44597baf3e163f56c3d96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b32441446163016">R</strong>: The rule fires in "replica" mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__l82da0577fc9e472d8aaa1d18ef74b55e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b1325916496307">A</strong>: The rule always fires.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__rb759ea00d8e449ef86821d4fb2401ab6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a4445d7f362424446982dfaaa182a66f1">is_instead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a493301b8dc1841c39915c7929e8aab94"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__text115092102374">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a9523a92590254b61977c3a2a6b79ea71">Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b84235270621043">true</strong> if the rule is an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b93682025152813">INSTEAD</strong> rule.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__r999fdd5a02ec4162b3955cc4efdf669e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__aaa8feab2709b482c98d914ec86335ec9">ev_qual</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ac9349ab5f99f46e3927598954ba65cd4">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ab77310c18118438e85e628125d575790">Expression tree (in the form of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b842352706114731">nodeToString()</strong> representation) for the rule's qualifying condition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__r5eb0d94f7eab40ea919f1c45077a5c84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__acd5ce28344214092beb315881d766f3a">ev_action</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__ab1d311173a604df3b35e6bf55166d960">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__a37a2c73aae48419bbbe9050ed9019450">Query tree (in the form of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814790__b842352706114740">nodeToString()</strong> representation) for the rule's action</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0615.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0615.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e4818a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0615.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SECLABEL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__af07b48a41b1844f691ea16e671a1928a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__b4341678010">PG_SECLABEL</strong> records security labels on database objects.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a77a6a16279b946038d99a5cd19bf26ae">See also <a href="dws_04_0618.html">PG_SHSECLABEL</a>, which performs a similar function for security labels of database objects that are shared across a database cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__t5589dc62df7a471098d5254375d69c41" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SECLABEL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__r47f9ed8dfbe94703baf40644ffd9305f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a8455a203b47045b68651664f468d37f7">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ae64289a8add74c188e9af663615c7e40">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a3adc3de3763f47249ed77d9aa72b5327">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a9a9cfc38b2144d5298ff0b0bb63b79a1">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__r81521969819a4732ab84f12d40061259"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ac849a6a9ab2148aaaf6557600d162e7e">objoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a71dada2c95fe481eab715877e0070411">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a6392a4f544a041dd9f89948c8d7a0f57">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a09e6a2095c9f4257b1fcb0d1ca1140dc">OID of the object this security label pertains to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__r077d49d1c30a4d2c9478e61f847b2d53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a14f0b13beff24a26a7ae9a9ac470f81a">classoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__af2716edb1a3449f09edd4885a35ecb6d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a08209146361949ae94e86290535edb39"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a893f73cb356a4b7eb784ab8f2debdbbf">OID of the system catalog that contains the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__rc8c72ecf1bb3445fa8de5db2259878aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a760edbc761f14bc0b2bac9e1bdc4be38">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__af54cf75ad60e45aa9ca9fde08c09f261">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__aefbba02cd2ab46ee9125c3b010da1409">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ad0c53d87f2bf4e58b713f0bc7e6abba0">For a security label on a table column, this is the column number.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ra412a2a3668841be9a481dbf9f8d2c56"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__aea4daac94eec4115a47105ebfc9f9cc9">provider</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a4dae3c745d1747ca85f43573bac58f99">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ad04d5ad358b54d099de4eb69b01ac102">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__a664cffc2302e433d84954990fbbac31f">Label provider associated with this label</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__r9cff52a16aa44c7db4d7a1118e77594e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.829999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__ab2d0f25fdc284428b1e1d9cac7db09b6">label</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.940000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__aed325865c0c1444199916c92629f30dd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.05%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__aab8590db6b9f457e8ddf296caf168a38">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.18%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134568__af712ae3fccca477b8c35cd5e54fa3fd0">Security label applied to this object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0616.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0616.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa48519b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0616.html
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SHDEPEND</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__en-us_topic_0059778501_p0393343314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b1169741119584">PG_SHDEPEND</strong> records the dependency relationships between database objects and shared objects, such as roles. This information allows <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__text1096984736">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to ensure that those objects are unreferenced before attempting to delete them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__af6e1fff7d93148b590e31c5067e5dfee">See also <a href="dws_04_0585.html">PG_DEPEND</a>, which performs a similar function for dependencies involving objects within a single database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a640b989dbe1a40d889e76a56fdd3bce3">Unlike most system catalogs, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b842352706105825">PG_SHDEPEND</strong> is shared across all databases of a cluster: there is only one copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b842352706105842">PG_SHDEPEND</strong> per cluster, not one per database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__t5e8e01b7fd6f4be980f275de460b0817" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SHDEPEND columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r0f59e56b1ba64059ad72bb3e3ce80340"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aa46d920d2b164c5cacbc5edba33285ed">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__adcdc485be9ae44f2b800110398c6ffb7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a3eccab6b46834cc18d649f795fead9bb">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a45fd4028931342df97df7bff20f7b95e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r277365e35cd44e4d85363f255c69bf30"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a3596c37ea7d14d469faf650101aecd26">dbid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a7f4b714a5e9e4450a581d7483ecdbf29">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a4ab54342c1ac4c80887f764e32c1c18f"><a href="dws_04_0582.html">PG_DATABASE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aafee04499a8048e1a71716d13832e848">OID of the database the dependent object is in. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b2085731933312">0</strong> for a shared object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ref87126a61154ee7ad66e71254fcce02"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a049c7aa644784a80a76de728fcf343b8">classid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a330e6f99c3d54861b35aa76b95158f1c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a6616169341504644ba344c9b3b2dd9a5"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a4cc206fddeec45c09fbb516e9d9a8fdb">OID of the system catalog the dependent object is in.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r4e210a6a3d94424c978710877d5d58b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a76fac07210c74cd4bd73cee8c4ede407">objid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aa7fd98705bcf4d2aae9de1c3747faef5">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ad1bf3048e2d543949cc65c1c7b747e8f">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a0b334e61141546698ac0f0fa481b7f68">OID of the specific dependent object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__rdfb8165036b94a3ab6209b11433fc50e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aacc27850849c49c29ddaf70971fd8293">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ac4ad8f5914c94e88b29f5bc7e5a7521f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a73e0898914814e488a17e80f8751c12c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aae90b2e043ef456292e57b4580fc1d5e">For a table column, this is the column number (the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b84235270611186">objid</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b842352706111810">classid</strong> refer to the table itself). For all other object types, this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b1152655117334">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r72a5763506884bf18be5f69f7592316b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ae27967c598404d2eba5e994dd0a3f7e2">refclassid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ab5807854a50d43fb99e43fce46c5e36c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a36297d081e5040eb9e1b2ba37ee2d23a"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a5c0413d7ede546728508cde8c8f98f42">OID of the system catalog the referenced object is in (must be a shared catalog)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r97c35450e77f4dfd9e7b50e50e5a1bf8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a073e7ac0b9e840f1b025c5134e1e7b19">refobjid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ab488d69e4d0c4450b7e06377ab1fe8d2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a4dac0f1d7a644019a381d0b27d09690f">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a64196bc3ede14320960157206821c982">OID of the specific referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__r1b3527dc13e3462a815a968809aa7b4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aad2ce5afa5304a3b90750e853041ca1d">deptype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ab27d1dd001aa4754a5e8986c75bac16b">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a0f3feabf85344a3da9ff58b1a695e7ea">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a842de19ed3df4c5e8bc0fd3a183a6215">Code segment defining the specific semantics of this dependency relationship. See the following text for details.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__row49453021144559"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.229999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__p46271755144559">objfile</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__p57024678144559">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.439999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__p55596181144559">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.74%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__p6996801144559">Path of the user-defined C function library file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a93892ffcdc9f448da0bfa3afd36ac7a4">In all cases, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b842352706112155">pg_shdepend</strong> entry indicates that the referenced object cannot be dropped without also dropping the dependent object. However, there are several subflavors defined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b152313710385">deptype</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__ub79de75c54dc4e8ebdb13ff8a9bea5d8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__lf916987ec22542288a495ab7b2dd9c3b">SHARED_DEPENDENCY_OWNER (o)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__aa4b257ebf04744bca67efbe0a29a5f20"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__lf916987ec22542288a495ab7b2dd9c3b"></a><a name="lf916987ec22542288a495ab7b2dd9c3b"></a>The referenced object (which must be a role) is the owner of the dependent object.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__l1565a2868d8c4a5981f58611f21819ad">SHARED_DEPENDENCY_ACL (a)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__a5abb6271e9eb4ec49c44e292bbd79140"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__l1565a2868d8c4a5981f58611f21819ad"></a><a name="l1565a2868d8c4a5981f58611f21819ad"></a>The referenced object (which must be a role) is mentioned in the ACL (access control list, i.e., privileges list) of the dependent object. (A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b6901195115406">SHARED_DEPENDENCY_ACL</strong> entry is not made for the owner of the object, since the owner will have a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b34542056414">SHARED_DEPENDENCY_OWNER</strong> entry anyway.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__l6872b712ca4641ee920d12c0926bbd72">SHARED_DEPENDENCY_PIN (p)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__acbd11647b89f407e826676fb0313d8f4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__l6872b712ca4641ee920d12c0926bbd72"></a><a name="l6872b712ca4641ee920d12c0926bbd72"></a>There is no dependent object. This type of entry is a signal that the system itself depends on the referenced object, and so that object must never be deleted. Entries of this type are created only by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494865__b18841857104112">initdb</strong>. The columns for the dependent object contain zeroes.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0617.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0617.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66b91d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0617.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__en-us_topic_0059779259_p192111442436"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b23834541817">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</strong> records optional comments for shared database objects. Descriptions can be manipulated with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b84235270622053">COMMENT</strong> command and viewed with psql's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b842352706105459">\d</strong> commands.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a4205dec1ceff4b42bed75ef1571b270c">See also <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b842352706105638">PG_DESCRIPTION</strong>, which performs a similar function for descriptions involving objects within a single database. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__aa5df5f831b4247bd947a543199f96544">Unlike most system catalogs, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b842352706105825">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</strong> is shared across all databases of a cluster. There is only one copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__b842352706105842">PG_SHDESCRIPTION</strong> per cluster, not one per database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__tdb4317dd19d14773a3740dec3988e466" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SHDESCRIPTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__r2914733cbc6f4d1687d942e56bd8733d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.351635163516352%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ad66ec38d5ff74dc4a3f2c8ead9f649b6">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15101510151015%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a3f7c038c2c314ab6b593fca02427f89d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.502650265026507%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a609fd7baf96e493f9199a53e4a7c696b">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.994699469946994%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a7ed96fd9c0b84844b39d9d0c5bfb244f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__r32ef703b05fd4b88abee6dd5e46b3314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.351635163516352%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a2b58340dafb540609563f479d917feb7">objoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15101510151015%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ae911dd7345e84ca981f7bbfaf4b7fffa">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.502650265026507%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ae3a2aa12d66b48738c86d67718118929">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.994699469946994%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a28395d9b2e264ca58e6f9bd30c32375a">OID of the object this description pertains to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__r10e6068bab7444dbaad70683ac1610a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.351635163516352%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ac846f6841adc4a48adcddfe01214d219">classoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15101510151015%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a9ecc41a96c7c43dfbfb3b028b805e8bc">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.502650265026507%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a90636c30f3364a2ab1549b2fad793e79"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.994699469946994%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ad2453270bb964308848a36b466e85f45">OID of the system catalog where the object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__ra29f662791e743d58331bae548f81878"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.351635163516352%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a37f5bea99a4648fb99b19cba9d2b051b">description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15101510151015%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a9686a5ff638c4a1986357eb12f8a2479">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.502650265026507%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a431e0e1e312844f38f76bde35780e862">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.994699469946994%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655132__a8c935fabf2644558b432aa0260c3c6cf">Arbitrary text that serves as the description of this object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0618.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0618.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f21c0368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0618.html
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SHSECLABEL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__en-us_topic_0059778891_p163551246038"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__b661733416133">PG_SHSECLABEL</strong> records security labels on shared database objects. Security labels can be manipulated with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a9a6c9d2428ab4466a84bcde9677fa7e5">SECURITY LABEL</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a02eb107c40d74e5fa17053d497719c0e">For an easier way to view security labels, see <a href="dws_04_0748.html">PG_SECLABELS</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ab88087537c37458daaa357136e9840da">See also <a href="dws_04_0615.html">PG_SECLABEL</a>, which performs a similar function for security labels involving objects within a single database. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a596b0dcd24844780af8acee691dd748f">Unlike most system catalogs, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__b842352706105825">PG_SHSECLABEL</strong> is shared across all databases of a cluster. There is only one copy of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__b842352706105842">PG_SHSECLABEL</strong> per cluster, not one per database. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ta0aff93270d8498e893b35d1debbed38" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SHSECLABEL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__r29f303c6f97648949a165a7de76f003f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04819518048195%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ae6ae5cc821e34c2b8ffd138570558a78">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.028797120287972%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__aadf8b4e75cda4ef9b193b66cc4215117">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.30766923307669%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ad9d488bf5f6f4cef9a254d0326127e16">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.61533846615338%" id="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ac8755ba035374a0f873af068039a6d84">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__r356bae4400694f36a8832925cead01cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04819518048195%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ac92a74a996f04d54bfd1eef8249d21f6">objoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.028797120287972%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a3c09ba6106ee426b8035d42d7912da10">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.30766923307669%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a226121b4828a4af2a63916a3cd2ef2e1">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.61533846615338%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ab18f9b3ab1b34347b0489743ad9e1d49">OID of the object this security label pertains to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__r1494e61c4fe94b8e934ac1d864a39eba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04819518048195%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a8e38fbf69ba74ae9a6ed7bc2fcee8685">classoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.028797120287972%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__af73d898179064deda24908ad75d9c32c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.30766923307669%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a6ee2c90e3c8e4561b5930b9317ef2f85"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.61533846615338%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__aa42443c9a0dc4ac7881abe63f7a0c7e6">OID of the system catalog where the object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__rf6eb78ecd10d4111b79120ffb3433f59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04819518048195%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ace8645e7bc404be5b321d960992dae94">provider</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.028797120287972%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a371a1556c014411a87c4171cd9fbcd01">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.30766923307669%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ab055701c2e96430a8784955441d82613">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.61533846615338%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a6c9303b168c04f73bd336b7ac1c3c1f6">Label provider associated with this label</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ra6d7f32b43964552a3f75ea23b306ecf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.04819518048195%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__acb4a282e2b294aa9bb43332a3c94e535">label</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.028797120287972%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__a2df06ed50178466196d3a8823bc3f00b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.30766923307669%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__abcfc58fbf34e49ab8fe0983fef52913e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.61533846615338%" headers="mcps1.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894857__ae9047590f14742eebe2e77ad4af97afb">Security label applied to this object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0619.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0619.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4888d10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0619.html
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATISTIC</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__en-us_topic_0059778435_p18731450056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b018322251510">PG_STATISTIC</strong> records statistics about tables and index columns in a database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__t2810dff411d445899fa59065efdff597" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATISTIC columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__rb434b352913a47dfaad73af7b7efc141"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a7c90d4bce4044c07bfa5c6e8a4925eab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__afc4549aca9094d34b7462a622261303b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a96c115d5ae944b28838840d3769e437f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r59811a2f067842d08346be4869776917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__afe704bebb7cb4ef09ebb5e1f2e5c3eb4">starelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a68acc5a77242475c800560bb33c6a8be">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a65eee433a9aa4f0f9d913ce607d93ffa">Table or index which the described column belongs to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r1aea0dd84a1b410eacb7ebd8d222329a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a4e994ecc42d645d48466b59eae9e2214">starelkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ac75d16b7e2784b31830eca41ba797ee2">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ab6c38b0e94eb43138eff82d98a5ea323">Type of an object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ra5f577bdcf9542e48f4e3e0ca56b39fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ac129927c04a9467ca647411a880d8947">staattnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__aaf265610f40f40ae891d5db4002822a9">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a8041f3bc53094c7cb382535d547acf7c">Number of the described column in the table, starting from 1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ra36279afdddc4263846b5bb43ee99a21"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a1e4393c8191c4ef5b291a18fc60bfd6b">stainherit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a07bfb8a936284d6f9b63b9db88a17efe"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__text1155673073816">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a9caa7f11c8e746c1addc13ee31204329">Whether to collect statistics for objects that have inheritance relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ra1884a3206b44661a5cb3edf25ce73b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__aec45a675ce774b8da3f3829866cf799b">stanullfrac</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a53aeba4bd23c4440a5bbba120b83f65c">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a096d5e3ca743416dbfef56c326d52359">Percentage of column entries that are null</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r987d0330fc1e4069a29f2cab3581bc0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__adaa8aef03bd040f98c701625ca736129">stawidth</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__aa99c8e6450284e75a54a95d6a9caf4b3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a19cb65a40b8b4b88923e37fa5c382c3c">Average stored width, in bytes, of non-null entries</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r20f8afce816c400bae7eec80ba12c07d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ab284e5e75ee949fa8e542155ed8664d8">stadistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a8e1becb6758d400bbb91bddce5da403b">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a3adfe5989d354fb1b0776878a4a76d21">Number of distinct, not-null data values in the column for all DNs</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__u7e3c9b2b7a1446ef86c589782bb6eadd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__l1fcf9796f3a642318485e299d3230658">A value greater than zero is the actual number of distinct values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__l3bfe7b3de2e64e69bd70193b709eac41">A value less than zero is the negative of a multiplier for the number of rows in the table. (For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b2524147713">stadistinct=-0.5</strong> indicates that values in a column appear twice on average.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__la668563848d1402fac4cb8f6e135e3ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b549055312517">0</strong> indicates that the number of distinct values is unknown.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r5dc3a533de594ee2a04164a7b07d1e00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a2964174283634e42a380de47313d45f5">stakindN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a72942c28c9d94fa887856924f606aa28">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a12dc85f75edc464392536cec13fa50f8">Code number stating that the type of statistics is stored in Slot N of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a557c27084e754979a46c4cf6094a222c">pg_statistic</strong> row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__adc2ff1653ea84903943cefa83dab7df2">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__rf26c4375230148e4a3fdaf7ec778b85b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ab253052dfd5f489685c530b251669e5a">staopN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ab2b7e159b07b4058b87fc9e9070ad19d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__aa19c9d5695b44089bdf55966b557e6a2">Operator used to generate the statistics stored in Slot N. For example, a histogram slot shows the &lt; operator that defines the sort order of the data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a84d3fc988a7e413482d977d7d6231c8e">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__r318f4c1c578a4038a7a23f8ba78756c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a2289f8d69cd14066bb10c46697e9cc12">stanumbersN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a40e68a95623343a580dbf3028ab7a397">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a003fdaf45cbe40f8b3fb239ca84c1894">Numerical statistics of the appropriate type for Slot N. The value is null if the slot kind does not involve numerical values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__aff3a3d7b6e194ff693c4ef08844377f1">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__re8a2c8dc9770467983ab4f85a319901c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a43e32d3d39db42539bd1f7e9cb371ef6">stavaluesN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a1a9dc8304cd84a76a85accc0c7acd8d9">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ae1d259eb66d543c7a6b79510f5741d70">Column data values of the appropriate type for Slot N. The value is null if the slot type does not store any data values. Each array's element values are actually of the specific column's data type so there is no way to define these columns' type more specifically than anyarray.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a14888428bcf9456295dfd67d422a1c6f">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__refb5d9a7c60641f1bde2d6ad644151e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ae0fcbb9870424b6092d01b31423b7dc9">stadndistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__adcbd160e41f64ab5a9cb80b8f5b5026f">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__a66166106ad764a0b8bbbac333a5c2616">Number of unique non-null data values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b84235270695425">dn1</strong> column</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__u2a950b2d77cc4fc188b55a2fafd7969d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__ldc5e188a1d5643a38d2d44577197281d">A value greater than zero is the actual number of distinct values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__l45d10d71906a48a1b4d65c1f32462de8">A value less than zero is the negative of a multiplier for the number of rows in the table. (For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b12436142017109">stadistinct=-0.5</strong> indicates that values in a column appear twice on average.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__l6adcd55afd474ad2bddc257b1702f794"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__b93721126111010">0</strong> indicates that the number of distinct values is unknown.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__row1590511431613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__p2905181401614">staextinfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__p3905111491616">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494755__p169058144161">Information about extension statistics (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0620.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0620.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b6649d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0620.html
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATISTIC_EXT</h1>
+<div id="body1539078260184"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__en-us_topic_0059778435_p18731450056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b339414175716">PG_STATISTIC_EXT</strong> records the extended statistics of tables in a database, such as statistics of multiple columns. Statistics of expressions will be supported later. You can specify the extended statistics to be collected. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__t2810dff411d445899fa59065efdff597" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATISTIC_EXT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__rb434b352913a47dfaad73af7b7efc141"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a7c90d4bce4044c07bfa5c6e8a4925eab">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__afc4549aca9094d34b7462a622261303b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a96c115d5ae944b28838840d3769e437f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r59811a2f067842d08346be4869776917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__afe704bebb7cb4ef09ebb5e1f2e5c3eb4">starelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a68acc5a77242475c800560bb33c6a8be">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a65eee433a9aa4f0f9d913ce607d93ffa">Table or index which the described column belongs to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r1aea0dd84a1b410eacb7ebd8d222329a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a4e994ecc42d645d48466b59eae9e2214">starelkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ac75d16b7e2784b31830eca41ba797ee2">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ab6c38b0e94eb43138eff82d98a5ea323">Type of an object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ra36279afdddc4263846b5bb43ee99a21"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a1e4393c8191c4ef5b291a18fc60bfd6b">stainherit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a07bfb8a936284d6f9b63b9db88a17efe"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__text1155673073816">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a9caa7f11c8e746c1addc13ee31204329">Whether to collect statistics for objects that have inheritance relationship</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ra1884a3206b44661a5cb3edf25ce73b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__aec45a675ce774b8da3f3829866cf799b">stanullfrac</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a53aeba4bd23c4440a5bbba120b83f65c">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a096d5e3ca743416dbfef56c326d52359">Percentage of column entries that are null</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r987d0330fc1e4069a29f2cab3581bc0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__adaa8aef03bd040f98c701625ca736129">stawidth</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__aa99c8e6450284e75a54a95d6a9caf4b3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a19cb65a40b8b4b88923e37fa5c382c3c">Average stored width, in bytes, of non-null entries</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r20f8afce816c400bae7eec80ba12c07d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ab284e5e75ee949fa8e542155ed8664d8">stadistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a8e1becb6758d400bbb91bddce5da403b">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a3adfe5989d354fb1b0776878a4a76d21">Number of distinct, not-null data values in the column for all DNs</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__u7e3c9b2b7a1446ef86c589782bb6eadd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__l1fcf9796f3a642318485e299d3230658">A value greater than zero is the actual number of distinct values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__l3bfe7b3de2e64e69bd70193b709eac41">A value less than zero is the negative of a multiplier for the number of rows in the table. (For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b2524147713">stadistinct=-0.5</strong> indicates that values in a column appear twice on average.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__la668563848d1402fac4cb8f6e135e3ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b678933471015">0</strong> indicates that the number of distinct values is unknown.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__row64543474101134"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p8695731101136">stadndistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p33265624101136">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p10161009101136">Number of unique non-null data values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b84235270695425">dn1</strong> column</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ul24340221101136"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__li17735399101136">A value greater than zero is the actual number of distinct values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__li25400864101136">A value less than zero is the negative of a multiplier for the number of rows in the table. (For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b942185386">stadistinct=-0.5</strong> indicates that values in a column appear twice on average.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__li27281185101136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__b555783671020">0</strong> indicates that the number of distinct values is unknown.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r5dc3a533de594ee2a04164a7b07d1e00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a2964174283634e42a380de47313d45f5">stakindN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a72942c28c9d94fa887856924f606aa28">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a12dc85f75edc464392536cec13fa50f8">Code number stating that the type of statistics is stored in Slot N of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a557c27084e754979a46c4cf6094a222c">pg_statistic</strong> row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__adc2ff1653ea84903943cefa83dab7df2">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__rf26c4375230148e4a3fdaf7ec778b85b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ab253052dfd5f489685c530b251669e5a">staopN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ab2b7e159b07b4058b87fc9e9070ad19d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__aa19c9d5695b44089bdf55966b557e6a2">Operator used to generate the statistics stored in Slot N. For example, a histogram slot shows the &lt; operator that defines the sort order of the data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a84d3fc988a7e413482d977d7d6231c8e">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__row38308723172423"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p48981074172425">stakey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p8044056172425">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p47588770172425">Array of a column ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__r318f4c1c578a4038a7a23f8ba78756c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a2289f8d69cd14066bb10c46697e9cc12">stanumbersN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a40e68a95623343a580dbf3028ab7a397">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a003fdaf45cbe40f8b3fb239ca84c1894">Numerical statistics of the appropriate type for Slot N. The value is null if the slot kind does not involve numerical values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__aff3a3d7b6e194ff693c4ef08844377f1">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__re8a2c8dc9770467983ab4f85a319901c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a43e32d3d39db42539bd1f7e9cb371ef6">stavaluesN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a1a9dc8304cd84a76a85accc0c7acd8d9">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__ae1d259eb66d543c7a6b79510f5741d70">Column data values of the appropriate type for Slot N. The value is null if the slot type does not store any data values. Each array's element values are actually of the specific column's data type so there is no way to define these columns' type more specifically than anyarray.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__a14888428bcf9456295dfd67d422a1c6f">Value range: 1 to 5</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__row1590511431613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p2905181401614">staexprs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p3905111491616">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495043__p5062986022442">Expression corresponding to the extended statistics information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0621.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0621.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17cdc533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0621.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SYNONYM</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__b42401282594">PG_SYNONYM</strong> records the mapping between synonym object names and other database object names.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__table18788155943310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__b182516221594">PG_SYNONYM</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row1078919597334"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__aefe1d3b238d546f6bb7fec05b95fbaf4">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__ac6b2872150c24214b9c947f78d840bd2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__afb7559e826694fdbace6f77c15f8e534">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row97906591330"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p1790185918337">synname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p18790175953317">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p1979075933318">Synonym name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row207901859173313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p2516112712538">synnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p11223112695411">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p18791125963311">OID of the namespace where the synonym is located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row8791185914334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p19125193215533">synowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p137911859113311">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p379118595335">Owner of a synonym, usually the OID of the user who created it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row6791195920333"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p77911599334">synobjschema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p279115915332">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p1979115915331">Schema name specified by the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__row22761958195319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.472347234723472%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p1527665855313">synobjname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.85178517851785%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p14276125835312">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.67586758675868%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814940__p1927605817534">Name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0622.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0622.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4bf622cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0622.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TABLESPACE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__en-us_topic_0059778876_p240918599513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__b47884292411">PG_TABLESPACE</strong> records tablespace information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__td1a7bb14e133489aa968103359a983b2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TABLESPACE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__rd62e7f43baf24b278f5986bd811d3a28"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__aefe1d3b238d546f6bb7fec05b95fbaf4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__ac6b2872150c24214b9c947f78d840bd2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__afb7559e826694fdbace6f77c15f8e534">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__rd744b44c288f4693930c134b51bfe7b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__ab54d405f4f634460ad634ce353005702">spcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a69595eb55ca749c9904d90e9a095b87a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__aefe226970ac0431f90b4cc34afd7415f">Name of the tablespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__r28255eddbd85440c81779f2256680c12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a2d68b768c8fe44e8bb2980860966a050">spcowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a7a85c01eb1bd45bea76fe293c7951c30">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a0674fbf7ca5849a69c2100b2b42ea1a5">Owner of the tablespace, usually the user who created it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__re286f3930e2c418ba0acbf8df5ba8371"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__aac4a252942f340f684c2231b38495d75">spcacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a2d3cc1c505604941a0d238407b445c5f">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__afec8860e2fcb423dbc31b08d55f67c91">Access permissions For details, see GRANT and REVOKE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__r693ede469de14c1d88e28e1e626b9d74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__ac381db1597d644a0adec331649f362d7">spcoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a2c3881b0e7134c938f3ea37a7ff75463">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a03245d7c272946068b81d792bca3136b">Specifies options of the tablespace.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__rd23dfe7f86a64e049b4379b9cd53c667"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a13d367c706b34571ac0cf08da4e624d6">spcmaxsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a7e597fd6b3974a50a3390140d6419725">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655150__a9c2917fe55194ad5a54b8bfad8c41ecc">Maximum size of the available disk space, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0623.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0623.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..103d55e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0623.html
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TRIGGER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p75611343181114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b86045011199">PG_TRIGGER</strong> records the trigger information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__td1a7bb14e133489aa968103359a983b2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__rd62e7f43baf24b278f5986bd811d3a28"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__aefe1d3b238d546f6bb7fec05b95fbaf4">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__ac6b2872150c24214b9c947f78d840bd2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__afb7559e826694fdbace6f77c15f8e534">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__rd744b44c288f4693930c134b51bfe7b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__ab54d405f4f634460ad634ce353005702">tgrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a69595eb55ca749c9904d90e9a095b87a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__aefe226970ac0431f90b4cc34afd7415f">OID of the table where the trigger is located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__r28255eddbd85440c81779f2256680c12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a2d68b768c8fe44e8bb2980860966a050">tgname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a7a85c01eb1bd45bea76fe293c7951c30">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a0674fbf7ca5849a69c2100b2b42ea1a5">Trigger name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__re286f3930e2c418ba0acbf8df5ba8371"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__aac4a252942f340f684c2231b38495d75">tgfoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p5614159174418">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p298831204318">Trigger OID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__r693ede469de14c1d88e28e1e626b9d74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__ac381db1597d644a0adec331649f362d7">tgtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a2c3881b0e7134c938f3ea37a7ff75463">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a03245d7c272946068b81d792bca3136b">Trigger type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__rd23dfe7f86a64e049b4379b9cd53c667"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a13d367c706b34571ac0cf08da4e624d6">tgenabled</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__a7e597fd6b3974a50a3390140d6419725">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p845317486488"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b19568153163117">O</strong>: The trigger fires in "origin" or "local" mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1618812516483"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b1470163563114">D</strong>: The trigger is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p0972453194814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b12201753183117">R</strong>: The trigger fires in "replica" mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p923894417481"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b895661217326">A</strong>: The trigger always fires.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row71181822204320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p111982224316">tgisinternal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p13120102214432">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p12550723165013">Internal trigger ID. If the value is true, it indicates an internal trigger.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row108975349439"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p20898133412432">tgconstrrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p188986344434">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p138981434164316">The table referenced by the integrity constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row489817346432"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p168981034144320">tgconstrindid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1898234194319">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p165262349613">Index of the integrity constraint</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row489853419436"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p789843404315">tgconstraint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p5898133417435">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p3898143414310">OID of the constraint trigger in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__b13610105514216">pg_constraint</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row20898334144315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1689803418436">tgdeferrable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1898143484318">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p18983341434">The constraint trigger is of the DEFERRABLE type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row3898113404314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p88992343437">tginitdeferred</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p18990344439">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p38993340437">whether the trigger is of the INITIALLY DEFERRED type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row20899193418435"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p389973412437">tgnargs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1899434164319">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p3899134114319">Input parameters number of the trigger function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row1833316445"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p1539315448">tgattr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p14333184418">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p132031114416">Column ID specified by the trigger. If no column is specified, an empty array is used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row19363194419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p143131144416">tgargs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p193163174412">bytea</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p15323114410">Parameter transferred to the trigger</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__row1317317441"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p041831154418">tgqual</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p184531154417">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.129999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814333__p241231154412">Indicates the WHEN condition of the trigger. If the WHEN condition does not exist, the value is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0624.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0624.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..131504a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0624.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TS_CONFIG</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__en-us_topic_0059777865_p88318140612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__b102957390252">PG_TS_CONFIG</strong> records entries representing text search configurations. A configuration specifies a particular text search parser and a list of dictionaries to use for each of the parser's output token types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__aed640e6daf954d59bf878c82cca611f6">The parser is shown in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__en-us_topic_0058965606_b27766473016557">PG_TS_CONFIG</strong> entry, but the token-to-dictionary mapping is defined by subsidiary entries in <a href="dws_04_0625.html">PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__tf94fbbdbc4064b34ba869ad69caef336" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TS_CONFIG columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__rbd9b5bc967e848f382391ab972d5da5f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a1e6efea2f8944744b0d26c9e4532e504">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a30cc1e654db34421a1eb95a094d2bf00">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a67fb7dd167a8496e80a821472fe54e7a">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a09dae215bbbd4f85a778ec3eb468b266">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__rde3531dfa1b04d2c90e60b8c6e2b353c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a75e60c8bc5174710b0880f4e93c00158">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__af7dbdead58e7459b8982496e4dfe6166">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a04e7e696a3784eccbc6db4cb8e0c06b3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a6c07f4d4542f48bc832520d5392869a9">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__ra0332c0801a14e26a16c8fdcc42cf8e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__ae0d221187bba47cf8cb14a3993b5d8c8">cfgname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__aedd1c34f07f442febc515084ac160f7d">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__aca8acde40404496a8f7030f8fef0061f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a9818e46f21064c9f88286fbfbbdccddf">Text search configuration name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__re58646078f3a4c31a2e07f8ee0e3b7d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a5c254bbcb5e74584a23adf5930fa7d10">cfgnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__abaee282d4efa4bf496795c0f4285433f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__aaef81374522e48f3a6370a01923427f8"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__af2f587ffd1f3495ebef9e45da7ad6d50">OID of the namespace where the configuration resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__rc968d62afe3744de9408ab1818c20a50"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a39501547d0f248758d7abf8a5ea7c50e">cfgowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__ab529b0a07a4e4ca99583f23619020f85">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a8fc7ff32fcc94db2894e232b424c9a03"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a5399a294cea2462f832652085f2695e4">Owner of the configuration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__r5fce984e31c745259e32d5fb8f60c0f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a4ce3e6ba142d43fa88d8aad3401c9058">cfgparser</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__abc4eba1561574ee19764ffa3e2212efe">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a597f0bac47bf49a5a1ba41687cd2b48e"><a href="dws_04_0627.html">PG_TS_PARSER</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a82725e33336340f7b4f65242e2445e50">OID of the text search parser for this configuration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__r32013617be594cdfb7de0708884b55f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a16c65ff0e5994c0dbde2b6cff4eea895">cfoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__ac49bfc0ea0bf46109515df719c5edb93">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__a1e331a2723a24e9cb7341379740e971d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814604__aa591278b585d4188a167b41be9a7c4d6">Configuration options</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0625.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0625.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7eebc0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0625.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a3c9f5f1b4c814bf083b648354598c2fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__b842352706165841">PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP</strong> records entries showing which text search dictionaries should be consulted, and in what order, for each output token type of each text search configuration's parser.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__t16a2d5170e854e9ebdd3e69b526a56ba" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__r4aba9a1ac6ae416db5e89f5972b03079"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a12b558ffb8524741b82f68fa4a4f416d">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a5d6c5f9ad7c54f44b51d3efe785cf441">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.380000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a39258d739ac848fba608ee7dce749e54">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__ae9c8ad3e1dca4d078e046bb491a8da31">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__r403d68127c3d4cafaca3daa95293a3d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__aae1f499c3de847d7a9c87eacbeb5afbd">mapcfg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a8a5934fcdb7e421d95592d6d602777cb">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__aaf0329444d034f828ff22eb9f8a6e7fe"><a href="dws_04_0624.html">PG_TS_CONFIG</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__adc1ff7d23a8843c1aa6d13106117a425">OID of the <a href="dws_04_0624.html">PG_TS_CONFIG</a> entry owning this map entry</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__r19f0cbbc2e8a4c0e9855a3ccb32fe973"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a626c0265ff3546fdb1c0a1bacdcfa527">maptokentype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a140930edbc854f46b5fd01ce0f2ff184">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a2b4134c0581747029a0fac794b638da9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__ac3b613640a4044f1921eae7a451d4d41">A token type emitted by the configuration's parser</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__rb0b48cda189a404e9efff944c65aec0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__aa4662e4ea958495eaa85abadf5c8ed4d">mapseqno</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a25090444040b4ef2a953acdef762eebb">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a6948b383137c4501b986f7f3adb1f5fe">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a54d7da4b3ea84a65963cfdf0f3373dcb">Order in which to consult this entry</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__rad1b2787005c4764bb66b694c862c76a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a649e8142215443a7a99da0746da5dd04">mapdict</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.9%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a38b1e6e4813b4f87810dddd542de37b4">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a072b8773b3c149b9bea077e3b35f09f4"><a href="dws_04_0626.html">PG_TS_DICT</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694801__a12a9a3f13eb042279fe05507e447df08">OID of the text search dictionary to consult</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0626.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0626.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35445ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0626.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TS_DICT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__en-us_topic_0059779137_p534811230611"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__b37771347143020">PG_TS_DICT</strong> records entries that define text search dictionaries. A dictionary depends on a text search template, which specifies all the implementation functions needed. The dictionary itself provides values for the user-settable parameters supported by the template.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a95d86cae0d554df8bce2efab14b33bdc">This division of labor allows dictionaries to be created by unprivileged users. The parameters are specified by a text string <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__b84235270617614">dictinitoption</strong>, whose format and meaning vary depending on the template.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__tb83a9b36941946c89d5a0ba2a2afe318" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TS_DICT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__rf1500d61a1ac4b85b5e34374933f64ff"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a0649d60475dc42ecbed8a30eb2c391dc">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ad2f6d6a2adbd4f32aa298a21ab1bb989">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a895adc2b3c4340b6881a6b22d4289389">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ae4e813a0ae52484ab073fc98bccd5567">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__r4054274116da4362b17e27a87047afff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a9fc4ff126c9f45f5afebcb381c6b4fd8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ab69f012a573b403c8a83abedf6e037da">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a8ec16317b9454b3db8ba118950294a0b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a2ec2ef7057694cbeaebccc5e94ed31d0">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__r302dd999f0a7434ca58e2f324b6cbac5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a22f0ef2e8dab457a96a8655b52b28f10">dictname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__afe3bcf16c69142fd86ea67b63c58cf1c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a12ed2fb5e9674a5b80962351b9f61d87">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ae53c479a26354059b13a4530a9a39416">Text search dictionary name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__r140d6de68d3d403a87894b59302af99a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a899fea558c1042e1952ab613d63b2151">dictnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ae92454f468cb41d3aa52dbc5a3a1600a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a303f6d6234904adea6d4761bddbedaca"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a2a59fefa30814716b51bc5a6d5ca5b1b">OID of the namespace that contains the dictionary</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__rb67de407f4994a68a5b55e15e2660c66"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a2d9ac51ac9f74ed78bf9430e3ef97224">dictowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a68f423268ca74c95834c20630e25c207">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a6b7d3e9587944077bf468b21f90a9f3b"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a8a4dd3a9c3fe4c6d891ac84b28ca05b9">Owner of the dictionary</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__rf95b60c83ff8402bac7af65a7bb5c5cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__afb94b4d7982443e1898da2e4014a525a">dicttemplate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a6817fae1ea604af380ea09639540c39c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__ac29da4d8329a4dda8f816dc63c321357"><a href="dws_04_0628.html">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__aa50479e5729645bca451cf28654b24fd">OID of the text search template for this dictionary</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__r5e48b7d78c534710ba52bcb293f0b95f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.000000000000007%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__a86146c4ad5c54bcfab83334516601eac">dictinitoption</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__aa06da496b2904ca286657eb508a7c5c9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.010000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__aea2ec89fe3d144d49d00b40ba91417e3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.400000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654974__adba604d8d655471f85419c80571f9b6a">Initialization option string for the template</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0627.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0627.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c07d7e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0627.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TS_PARSER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__en-us_topic_0059777552_p31558278615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__b15820133312321">PG_TS_PARSER</strong> records entries defining text search parsers. A parser splits input text into lexemes and assigns a token type to each lexeme. Since a parser must be implemented by C functions, parsers can be created only by database administrators.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__tda9495cc9889473fbed9a227ce3c313f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TS_PARSER columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__rb131ada24e7c413bb052f029385baa19"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ab2ff2afae48340f2afa230fcc06381bf">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a3925d992a6d244f0900c16ad56cd6dfe">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a8ff5d7826bd64e8ca7ba01626d625cf5">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a3b95fc51e3e14ba7aa19d1a9ce44fbb2">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__r4453b180846743f9be984f5c913cfcfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__aa1f4ccf3e0a6414a8d3cda9e2cae7e93">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a18f98a097f4b4d64834fe53c3b02fbd1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a0e2e04f9b2c74b9cb53a5fa629fa78fb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__aedda6bdf5a6840b19cf04de204fa5cbb">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__re25b5c49546e4f579be8b084bf3d97b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a703a694ffc694a3184955adcf1a57f12">prsname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a301bce3cd515466b881e0eadf38a79c9">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ab5f7172d1560474da4c6594179c3b0fa">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ac347c6ec4c4a48e3b0353f0868cc212d">Text search parser name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__r94661c62c7ba4ce0890fb5a5e54f0e1e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ab8c550362e1f446a92def60f899fa710">prsnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__af6afba4809ec443cb871227269fe8b5e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__af96bd90604d6416ba7276fbcaf933059"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ab830d5214ad4404ea9d5386f05ae957c">OID of the namespace that contains the parser</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__rb02fe3e2bf8b492cac7324cec71407d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ae7cbf18c9e8b496c9ecee8790e785e93">prsstart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__aebf83e5bc0ba444a8a2c3054537bcd4b">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a020d106f3d5446888452a6e91de69a77"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a99dd3b5906754c83bcf95914c64f533b">OID of the parser's startup function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__rccad26402016453c8ad1fba101188f5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a295d2689f7234bab9f3bec32aca052e6">prstoken</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a0b0d180fd0774a038d9cf6750ebda442">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__aa8f666450fbc419aa9362acd1a16ba67"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a190a50a66884495eaf32e3389b34ca53">OID of the parser's next-token function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__ra4e26efb984a414c866b3cb0d3e8a437"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__adb3ce28ca400433593db43719ca4f527">prsend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__acccdc96e5b864e248625833f71c2f095">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__adf69fa731bbd440f9efa05ef67dac4b1"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__abb1830d5ce914dde9fdbd2efe3a9c9ff">OID of the parser's shutdown function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__rd0a9e1a3227b4f5da173a7362afacf97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a795e176c6f204eb2a2de254bf236c854">prsheadline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__af95129fb50e84937847ea6906b69e429">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a8c05ca1ec4484190b66e92b34e676283"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__af1d3fc3d8100414c8f6d94d9f34d0bf1">OID of the parser's headline function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__r0ed0a4cf3be94c219831ef91dac27426"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a76e0771e531a4c65b7b6700f6c75efc3">prslextype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a8fb3abbd220748f6a8b755bf9f68a6a3">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.060000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a225c1abeb6914e1f8c3485d53ac97f5a"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814905__a2960e6509c6b4d6cb497aabe3d164300">OID of the parser's lextype function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0628.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0628.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b90ddd5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0628.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__en-us_topic_0059778577_p99379301164"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__b3475102119115">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</strong> records entries defining text search templates. A template provides a framework for text search dictionaries. Since a template must be implemented by C functions, templates can be created only by database administrators.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__tda60db9cc06440ffab2b855a0f0c997e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TS_TEMPLATE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__r73f22c6ea76147fa8c623e2d8bb3f9bc"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a2a69ae9882bc4803afb1c536c5710013">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a2066abb741b844a6a4fafecfc31ea4b4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a4e6a180e82db4c42a7a7e77326eb2542">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a96c29cef66b8451ba51d5b3085b8226b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__rcdc92e38e7274acdb76a4e9d7d90570f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__ad61ff08173d24aef83a12c694f9f757c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__aca59044ed8f146f4859c3c8231557f22">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a7f50f857030d4e3bba733190b1f8fd4d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__adfd603ddbf874fbebe873183bef00ba5">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__reb9869a30eb84239a71f42a52b66321e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a5eb807bf0fd04333a1dbb0528c9d9687">tmplname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__ae23d74d2d38240329cd17f364c790388">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a1797cee6182d40b8b86ab3627502328d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a99c870c3b86e431dbf9af4b05cc1f098">Text search template name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__rf4e8445bcc8b40d6904541b8d11bbbee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a52e9ea3ec0c64694aec4b39ab0c5f36f">tmplnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a5d0c8954ccad45de80cc954f6bde0793">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a31ca660342c24d649a9e0d92a6689afd"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__ad1e5114a1896456883b7868349c96174">OID of the namespace that contains the template</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__r9ab3c2ebf54a4235811e695718ef7cd3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a6729cdfcba6b4470bebbccdacac808a8">tmplinit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__af41b8b9a507c41e2acfe1425264b86cf">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__ab1ceb90aff4248dfad2dae94b309862d"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__aac516344836b4688bfbed71889057b8c">OID of the template's initialization function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__r96e59f95eea4432ea3452ddd1a286085"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a6b0ab5ea66a74123a1152693075e108c">tmpllexize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__aa623b53f325444deb16ab4299478d3e1">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__aadbc5fc76cb6470d86f2d5f2bb5465ec"><a href="dws_04_0608.html">PG_PROC</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135044__a1c7ce2c9d92b4f7b876a9ec89fcc819d">OID of the template's lexize function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0629.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0629.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..096ffed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0629.html
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TYPE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0059778496_p3817333665"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1490195503510">PG_TYPE</strong> records the information about data types.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__tba0f37abe8e240eeadac2b486990f334" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TYPE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rd8a01bf461ea4e708ca81dab785f8923"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a5d9a9538b8984ce7902ace7416c30335"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aa7e09b1a16814d76bc9924786db22466">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a5d847bc8f13a41f49d9a19ccd77604e8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rb9a085d68b9f45d888305b3e6b625ca0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a7f93be39d12247b0897f29cce0e6c89d">typname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a27324758f08e48bd96076e1627fa4ebc">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad6e02e512c734268a2857a87b40b3626">Data type name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rca40153f10594fb68bcba4129c10f895"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a9aa65a56ff5840c39862efb2bebd9e2f">typnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a0ad6bbf731b741168c69cfbdc14e1195">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ac152d98878b14063bc3d2ab31d221420">OID of the namespace that contains this type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rdf8c992529874ef6adf17835ea11478c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a4f6e6a0fcd8b4ce08411941b493db992">typowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a3225c0e5217940e388608c2f472da905">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a116fde418562420c87048b0acd83970c">Owner of this type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r7dee7c849abe4d50a81b78f8dfd5ad96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aebcd46421fd24440897861ff739d5d57">typlen</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a8411d257d6614c10af001c96e884aa74">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a57d32718b78a4de9a2773591b31c14f3">Number of bytes in the internal representation of the type for a fixed-size type. But for a variable-length type, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1538111157117">typlen</strong> is negative.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__u9815b9c063984c759855c96044d8fa69"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__lbe0bba2cb5914238890c188b910cfca3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b2033516311615">-1</strong> indicates a "varlena" type (one that has a length word).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ld8155449f968481fb1d4d8bfecb63a68"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b67625361619">-2</strong> indicates a null-terminated C string.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r5c00ceb58e3a4659b0f8a4015486a6ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a595644ef1cfd411fa76f4d2e5dc00f8c">typbyval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a590e87a5f1ca4890ac90cec129abd0cb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__text1115385213381">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a0a8db7ec219142d79eac3e48866ed3de">Whether the value of this type is passed by parameter or reference of this column. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b15514339349">TYPBYVAL</strong> is false if the type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b115141639346">TYPLEN</strong> is not 1, 2, 4, or 8, because values of this type are always passed by reference of this column. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b10514113915414">TYPBYVAL</strong> can be false even the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b251463912416">TYPLEN</strong> is passed by parameter of this column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rddb17142f1654bdca9c42aea590102a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a1c6a246a702c4b08a341b99348d7a520">typtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ab18d0c6b5784448c9a6514b6c7093e5a">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ua8cca06eaddd4778b8e99686ed6635f5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l6ea036a037034ec1ac878447b397dd2f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b5130151316">b</strong> indicates a basic type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l23eb0bf1b686410b863666475eb457b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b3982214322">c</strong> indicates a composite type, for example, a table's row type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__lb75b1259c7a5460f827308a46bad7dbc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b890155812501">e</strong> indicates an enumeration type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l15ecdf6bad0845828b21903b52b32e5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b49313663213">p</strong> indicates a pseudo type.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ace0a1f930f744078a37b2f1ae6abbf96">For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b111776311622">typrelid</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b71824313216">typbasetype</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ra0790430a018487a9e232c49dd7fcd86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__add3ca85a83ec4334a00163abb64bfa50">typcategory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ab723f44273a142f6823df97d4cc04a17">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a432527eafe5b4234bdbcabab95ef143a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706183449">typcategory</strong> is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be "preferred".</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__redb2ffa578824505a80f29eec19f8c61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a4faeb2a9a2384f6a8fc9a6bb2887588f">typispreferred</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aaee774c964644f189296293e4a29a2de"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__text427210534388">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a094de8c4100843d2826069538bfa5cf4">Whether data is converted. It is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706142442">true</strong> if conversion is performed when data meets the conversion rules specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b3526103918420">TYPCATEGORY</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rfb0ff75c2918490b890cde8dc83ff444"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aacd1d97cb8d2450ca4c891dd8435b352">typisdefined</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a9b179af76c9b4cb885d34a321912e6d1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__text1139255418382">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a6012aa5061b64c83b0687ab003ada828">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b12937451969">true</strong> if the type is defined. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1430328716">false</strong> if this is a placeholder entry for a not-yet-defined type. When it is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b44425385541">false</strong>, type name, namespace, and OID are the only dependable objects.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rf0917aacc9af466fb25c4759a6ffd257"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a183a3b4ecd4b4f55b23db1fc0c18e5ec">typdelim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aa543a31ebb5e4344861a4d1930e2074c">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a0af1b62f7c5e4013bfe0016996025800">Character that separates two values of this type when parsing array input. Note that the delimiter is associated with the array element data type, not the array data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rd3724b31a59b460fb9027ae57b990f4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a6c55c7790d3d484dabebc7bbbcd2f217">typrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a1455ede0f3b1409481ab9aec0189a813">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a61bf2068ca6a44afbc29b2914c57e650">If this is a composite type (see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184129">typtype</strong>), then this column points to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184534">pg_class</strong> entry that defines the corresponding table. For a free-standing composite type, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b6536123912415">pg_class</strong> entry does not represent a table, but it is required for the type's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b4536163918411">pg_attribute</strong> entries to link to. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b66001031299">0</strong> for non-composite types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rd68d0921cbf5444f8707f8956df43166"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__af145594711d4451098d8acc982fbdcce">typelem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a4a34f6c7d0dc4736a2df60c0ffb9bbf9">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ac9f138a857954e24a0ddd0a7377b3deb">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184722">typelem</strong> is not 0 then it identifies another row in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184730">pg_type</strong>. The current type can be subscripted like an array yielding values of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b2045313455115">typelem</strong>. The current type can then be subscripted like an array yielding values of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184949">typelem</strong>. A "true" array type is variable length (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184912">typlen</strong> = -1), but some fixed-length (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706184928">typlen</strong> &gt; 0) types also have nonzero <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b8423527061066">typelem</strong>, for example <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b84235270610619">name</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b84235270610633">point</strong>. If a fixed-length type has a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1054019395417">typelem</strong>, its internal representation must be some number of values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b95406398411">typelem</strong> data type with no other data. Variable-length array types have a header defined by the array subroutines.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r8d4da13127be4bbdb766c597aa98a707"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad354cc3e1cc143a887e638ba67422774">typarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a7171a4020fbc4cd486135e2dba51d10d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a9e9e2bbde2e144409a3a68175722eb12">Indicates that the corresponding type record is available in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b19544839044">pg_type</strong> if the value is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115424">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r4fdfb530ca65460a9a03534b0981e19a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ab87a3711466c4ce49ec959d45b8604e7">typinput</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a67f362e5bebe4effb14a7b1fe5b068e0">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a6519d34900a64ef3b4e3dd01890a406b">Input conversion function (text format)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__re3544c9d1fd14cb3b909e70924109f74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aea53ffb67134448ca4aeac7130c1f486">typoutput</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad75a83ee24d248c58eec97683781933a">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a50f1eda5a2cd437d89ee4576e1179e9b">Output conversion function (text format)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rc70a764b142a4a7cb6706dc1e2477f53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a55b4a75016294797931294ca89d15036">typreceive</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a3657d1dcfd484e3297f52318cdc696cf">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a77182166e42c424d857a9217aa68437a">Input conversion function (binary format). If no input conversion function, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b84235270611501">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rb3ede2831694475b94b147429870dca0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a573fb9fa214848b0a64459b3f2ae2ba1">typsend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__afcbf20fffc20418f9472c3ff23d92939">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a4c59e5055fd143538c232f0791ab28ce">output conversion function (binary format). If no output conversion function, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115015">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rd36d8c8415404b73ab38d92cbafe54a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a7eab60eebfb345ea945e051e879c6691">typmodin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__afe6e1ea25f234636b1c96193185db2bf">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad5639bce5b0a47a1a29cb6433f3a179f">Type modifier input function. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115017">0</strong> if the type does not support modifiers.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r71e332eba00547d799f319172f6cc7b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aa3e740e0a92e4baea915a0781b75cd2e">typmodout</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__abaef0850262c46d88b10cc24e96b2892">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a00d5ecad3254484d9cb98bc9b5c1c359">Type modifier output function. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115024">0</strong> if the type does not support modifiers.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r57dd46ca2a2b4dcea4a43c7aacbdb6e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a2f9bcf812380407c9add37c84abf2e01">typanalyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__af4cce006686844cb8f918d20d6001211">regproc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a5286539c23fc4212aa756cdc1dd13df4">Custom <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b7565839942">ANALYZE</strong> function. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115035">0</strong> if the standard function is used.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rfc77473da8c54404ba8a34f6f284033f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ae612801d2d9048cda18eae96485e1485">typalign</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a8a57908d6ace4a32a723dccf21e00fc2">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a5ac8f1df64064a53a2e81012a4355231">Alignment required when storing a value of this type. It applies to storage on disk as well as most representations of the value inside PostgreSQL. When multiple values are stored consecutively, such as in the representation of a complete row on disk, padding is inserted before a data of this type so that it begins on the specified boundary. The alignment reference is the beginning of the first datum in the sequence. Possible values are:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__u645e3881a8af4669a92fd8fdf426f492"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__lb47772ac2ff445ffb0e6d9ec37d2a24a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1611620175137">c</strong>: char alignment, that is, no alignment needed</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l561937f8d91f4b6a8294fc0b1861d60b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b4572939545">s</strong>: short alignment (2 bytes on most machines)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__lbee1c446e2f2459f94dba86bed6d9a3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1457317391740">i</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706102621">int</strong> alignment (4 bytes on most machines).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l1888d5ad3fba4ed3bf4ced4f1fdfaef8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b2057417391842">d</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706102634">double</strong> alignment (8 bytes on many machines, but by no means all)</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__nee1d2394242e4db2bd851bf5c8dee589"><span class="noticetitle"> NOTICE: </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a108b1651e6f248b796dc9a34b888f59a">For types used in system catalogs, the size and alignment defined in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b8822823160">pg_type</strong> must agree with the way that the compiler lays out the column in a structure representing a table row.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r01ce3b9ed93e49d6a970b2cd7a458c64"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a63cea2c3bb784277a75c4a4b81478350">typstorage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a65d90e3e4eb6476ea9280d940b671cc7">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a162ed0f5563f4a6387b5192e01d7d20f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113534">typstorage</strong> tells for varlena types (those with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113544">typlen = -1</strong>) if the type is prepared for toasting and what the default strategy for attributes of this type should be. Possible values are:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ub4fa1d0480ca4902bf98289dbbe2c121"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l51f9166a603944e7a41bdf3a0ddcbc30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115747">p</strong> indicates that values are always stored plain.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__le7a2c9073aa54289a5600e8f9b75a21e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113649">e</strong>: Value can be stored in a "secondary" relationship (if the relation has one, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b84235270611374">pg_class.reltoastrelid</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l72465d5ad54a4af1b1bc0763a07f735a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115722">m</strong>: Values can be stored compressed inline.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__l06f5d01999364d0fbe5bf4df5b4f0238"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706115724">x</strong>: Values can be stored compressed inline or stored in secondary storage.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__n46bbe711307b4b6c90a4f7a17f41e249"><span class="noticetitle"> NOTICE: </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad083c7717bf44de2b414c50893b975af"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113818">m</strong> domains can also be moved out to secondary storage, but only as a last resort (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113844">e</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706113847">x</strong> domains are moved first).</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rec66e4c7ef7b487c8e79aec4a11194c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a1752cba40eeb417e8e46b6c5f15f2d99">typenotnull</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ae32ad9aed3d6407e8fb6eca01d7aff4a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__text135691955183813">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__afb241c2d37254e8ab438c90ad6364fbf">Represents a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b1638114510164">NOTNULL</strong> constraint on a type. Currently, it is used for domains only.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rbda7c40295fb4388b851569cea30eeea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a72403ac93c16454297b111a12005ee1f">typbasetype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad82de5bcfbb948abab9e89af7f1ea66c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a981c9bf8230d48aabfa1073635d64914">If this is a domain (see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706114023">typtype</strong>), then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706114033">typbasetype</strong> identifies the type that this one is based on. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b842352706132221">0</strong> if this type is not a derived type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r3608bf07617c4184990b4831bbe867ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a2fca086506474a8a9ab66f4646b4c1ce">typtypmod</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aec21ff57dad34d63ac8a3d41d34e51be">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a8b5357e4c3cb41a38b9475dd9ab1f740">Records the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b55981439841">typtypmod</strong> to be applied to domains' base types by domains (the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b75988399420">-1</strong> if the base type does not use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b135989391746">typmod</strong>). The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b104431211111714">-1</strong> if this type is not a domain.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__rf1645637774549f88268030d82584418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ab5947961dce84afba4135f2ae99a36c5">typndims</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a3e25f54a19e64838990e7a5d8fc2865b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a2b2deea521bd4b1fb059b86f3ea8473f">Number of array dimensions for a domain that is an array (that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b146011939845">typbasetype</strong> is an array type; the domain's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b460143914418">typelem</strong> matches the base type's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b2060193920419">typelem</strong>). The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b965635641710">0</strong> for types other than domains over array types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r062dfe68b7354dfc85923f44b3438024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a3a148356e40443a9b3e625849f908738">typcollation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aeddfb4b89d464d3090a63e1b8934aaf1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a9d59a91b322c44ebb095bb6ff139a126">Sequence rule for specified types. Sequencing is not supported if the value is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r8f196ea779b047e4b7f51cbbe86bf44d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a8fc8c65ebf3b47b5b0b9febc0acebb82">typdefaultbin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ad7e814a8e71540b99a263b52219f6088">pg_node_tree</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ac9c9796ffa5f4430abed6687420e31aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0027042358_b41629292141944">nodeToString()</strong> representation of a default expression for the type if the value is non-null. Currently, this column is only used for domains.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r96a22108e80340d89ee6272a5632224a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__aeac8c03636de4465b1933b8d6bb48aab">typdefault</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a733e5ed1d05e4817b10d6a45d4788483">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__ab4ab3f4919e14ae0b6d555f65a718eb2">The value is null if a type has no associated default value. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0027042358_b18844181141944">typdefaultbin</strong> is not null, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0027042358_b35379901141944">typdefault</strong> must contain a human-readable version of the default expression represented by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0027042358_b49983653141944">typdefaultbin</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__en-us_topic_0027042358_b48838866141944">typdefaultbin</strong> is null and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b154327560189">typdefault</strong> is not, then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__b69044511915">typdefault</strong> is the external representation of the type's default value, which can be fed to the type's input converter to produce a constant.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__r7538016843c24a168dbda030eb193978"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a1ed88e8385c14d70b00538e611c76a53">typacl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__a4c87c98ab51d4cc8bab693d2ec1f8ad1">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894691__acaa989d1d18146daa93faca0be733670">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0630.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0630.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcf85772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0630.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_USER_MAPPING</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__en-us_topic_0059777996_p176368401262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__b1748163118373">PG_USER_MAPPING</strong> records the mappings from local users to remote.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a55b18d5d2030439285dd82e871306ba4">It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. You can use view <a href="dws_04_0792.html">PG_USER_MAPPINGS</a> to query common users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__t6247b73f46cc4eb6904f6623110bea20" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_USER_MAPPING columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__r6c512e626bf94ba7bf3328415c78ca1b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a0eeafe6a04a64cdda812ca5fa10bf53f">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.77%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a742db4b571df4fbfa8792c07ee574c53">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.4%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a9d58a61982854516b4a12fbe45b20797">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.54%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a454ad9ceb13a4d96a00620a5629c87fa">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__r0483813893fb4b47bee9e92dff248b31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ad01cd4fcfd9d4a8fbfcea4a941acd06e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a9bb7e37ce5de41bf97f7f55e71b11dd6">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.4%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ad300325dcdff4c38ae210780f758a2c9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.54%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a8253e5d7eab2454fa257f8864776ed71">Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__r513e4e9aab1e43c598e7b8376105fe61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__af294d1a6c7874fedb6113c5140620797">umuser</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__aaaf4a7af59a64def82ad21a1b1fd857c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.4%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ad97cb056dabf4765b5b296441ee94889"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.54%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ae9fbed04949649a4b77aae2bcbd7303d">OID of the local role being mapped, 0 if the user mapping is public</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__r4e1057d952d64f2f98cc1afadb219eb2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a94bbb6481877486991a026ea0716eb39">umserver</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__aaf70b8021059432c8cea690cd25fe7c9">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.4%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a587d7a7145ba42eeaec4143599f2dbe3"><a href="dws_04_0592.html">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.54%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ae94c4a66745346abb2623430c2ae6730">OID of the foreign server that contains this mapping</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__rfbf78930fc5b48b4b0eb315fa21582d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__ad8e6d55e5a7f4b56829937d00dd64f0d">umoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.77%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a90a8ba293a064de38826c1e179965409">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.4%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__a75b2e8f595c646f2af9a80dbddcfb1d5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.54%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655042__abd61a488d3f04661b7afc0565b716a58">Option used for user mapping. It is a keyword=value string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0631.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0631.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f09fec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0631.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_USER_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__abc7027c277a84880a8f3868e0c3718cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__b194971626144216">PG_USER_STATUS</strong> records the states of users that access to the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__t8905698e0c3341b5bf282bf4b09ebed0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_USER_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__re78ca0dcce4347ad973fc6444d5657ec"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a46c940ffa12841a283480ee1463df081"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a9ae112640578440fa3f55d110c41abf6">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a14cb443226e34da09ab6c5228d2a178a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__r04f65359c06a4361838c16881a86ec7e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a92f18aa8e43d40a9940c3adb211ec35d">roloid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a5d14974c2edb4fb3b10432cdd211501f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a7e20ddbd3356483481a40b4d132b75e3">ID of the role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__r4fb98b3eb42b47b7a760229daaaaa735"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a463b402d8dcb441bb5fc25db75e44063">failcount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a39b9c65af2a44eba97cddfcf08970e15">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__ac4c01e8805cc4a1da296ec46e88166e1">Specifies the number of failed attempts.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__rb1be51f790e2410ea2449bfc6337a003"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a9173bde6a7c747238ba16bb853931f3b">locktime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a3958d39dfc1d4850976a6be203c87f3f">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a75c8b33442e84977b232de2cc664b2e0">Time at which the role is locked</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__r2ba6f92bc45f4fc2a7d206f4c9b2c4ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__af707243ad40641a5abacd4874e52610c">rolstatus</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__a1a701013e96848c8bf4ba36dbc338ce3">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__af13f9bdae97a4eaf84b8d1d76a87c167">Role state</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__u851c01c015f440bbb0b120cb1db29790"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__l67ced6e0e5254437b8d0b268b4962706"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__b84235270614333">0</strong>: normal</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__l8b4e2e8d32614e838bfc551371fffe1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__b842352706133110">1</strong> indicates that the role is locked for some time because the failed login attempts exceed the threshold</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__lb65bec1f4cde4c2a959499f54783a32a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__b842352706133112">2</strong> indicates that the role is locked by the administrator.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__row159091053193918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p149101353113913">permspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p9910153143913">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p49101053113920">Size of the permanent table storage space used by a role in the current instance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__row1143618217405"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.049999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p44371829405">tempspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.07%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p174371924402">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814718__p134379213405">Size of the temporary table storage space used by a role in the current instance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0632.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0632.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..966c57e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0632.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION</h1>
+<div id="body0000001127411135"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__en-us_topic_0059779104_p189841058469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b15144179183711">PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION</strong> records information about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b127545435919">query_band</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__tb474382cf98c4031afc158c02798f159" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_WORKLOAD_ACTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__r090c882cee774ce7b605e0caa51d068d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.39%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__ae3865303d592461ca7bc40952f18fffd">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.329999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__ac70f70ce57b24b9e825ae6601a6bf37a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.28%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a8a5c0c2dbbdd4b0fa04656f926ce9dad">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__rbc31aaea5b6c43aab3fc5a4f873550fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__ae18f138efa8e479a8d99093f859dc408">qband</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.329999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a1bb65d3ce2ff47b9926bb35d89af74a8">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.28%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a0781f81d817940debb4a6898ebb12320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b105196481392">query_band</strong> key-value pairs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__r131240b3d56e471688e962f313746eba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__aa04014cd69e54d75873bde3a44fa87c7">class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.329999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a2668c9f52439488ba041f4211d4e2b01">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.28%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a8a5f39931a9644cf95973c684ed46cc2">Class of the object associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b282614516912">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__r3a08de9e801347089c4d491520de9d18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__afe75e6c4bc934b5f837f1f9c2b016feb">object</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.329999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__p1733219418517">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.28%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__a6740457fb07943baa8b06ddee9d0a7ec">Object associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b81431754493">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__row85611212950"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__p256161212516">action</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.329999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__p7561812657">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.28%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__p105612012452">Action of the object associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694725__b1034914571093">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0633.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0633.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..900b8250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0633.html
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_CLASS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__en-us_topic_0059779367_p174191834711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b625545924616">PGXC_CLASS</strong> records the replicated or distributed information for each table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__t8d456bb3ba884bb59cfe4f551bda7218" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_CLASS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r8a6dddd9d34c46929ad03142fc808d98"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a771be9a5ea9943aaad64db5f817d9276"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a224775d9bec347c6b6605062697583d7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__abee735504f8b4c29868daab910996ad2">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r6951e56bc00a4d409bc02b729b5ab986"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__ad9d29e7d60f0470aa8d7da799eb229b6">pcrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a536bf9c2c49e412e8a6d0f4242547d6f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a46f59c07b4f242eabcc86a87f3948dda">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r05e59054ad73420fb62a03a3f94fe6d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a26a341038cec490a8f9f6f237b4a94a8">pclocatortype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a909ffaafa2434d02b1cc106addb28923">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a4a2a840de05249249cb751593790ca40">Locator type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__u8b7fe0fe42514a49a1166c3eadc20a46"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__l79f68ab00c0b4ea7813ea726cc420291"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b8423527061554">H</strong>: hash</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__l0b5932b71ba542adb20ac96635b9e61e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b8423527061557">M</strong>: Modulo</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__l0392c28a9fdf4a639c749adfd0958b6b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b84235270615510">N</strong>: Round Robin</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__ld25eb385e4534fbeb7fdc15d3d427273"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__b84235270615515">R</strong>: Replicate</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r8747babb58e1421aa4c76971ad9cc5b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a74b8113eed2b4405848fb342cd8fa112">pchashalgorithm</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__aa43ed01b67904a138fef4efc610d587e">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__ad4a12e27a4674d1faa1a778c17adfd5f">Distributed tuple using the hash algorithm</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__rcd277885164a4d379af0c354a126509e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a6f23d6a9bdaa439a8c1d0219c13bfcab">pchashbuckets</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__af6119f99ddcd48cf9eff8e0b357b01e6">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a21e509464b984536a124ceb3435ef2d3">Value of a harsh container</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r64c62d871fc84ab6bbdff774d1a1fe11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a1e4c8a17be4e47098d8941e2d6828f0e">pgroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__ab746d95ce51d4f1fa19cd3b38008bb79">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__aae22db148c6a42d79365cf5c5ef0ecd4">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__rd10edd4793254787999451c47c634426"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a521cd90d572f4c8aa6cb77e879ce6129">redistributed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__ab91b9fc3fe0043d3afb32ef9e4bda4f0">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a199a3f65eeab4b919bb08a9911b416d5">The table has been redistributed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r5e0abb42174e4420bc2e1c0ee60b80c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__aabd602e9231b44d7b1dffb02f54e993a">redis_order</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a41fb680ef51d4449a32e7b249e4bd74b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a5350387618e143f9adfb33d0f405060f">Redistribution sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r92ee777d22354a45a393a5ec5bc62855"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a724899d57ebc4e179fcd2f5370775037">pcattnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a1bd4d30b710e493cae0c5cc5426bad54">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__aae27bdd6c6564580842af77a780a6fed">Column number used as a distribution key</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__r94c3cbf45a564021ac6ec8b06dc8dfb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a4bb81d886e4c4c69b5f58ad354c618da">nodeoids</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a4f733c5dd9f34311a65bbeefede368e9">oidvector_extend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__a9601f9aaf2e34d3081f2bda825f0fa37">List of distributed table node OIDs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__row6813154610397"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.87%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__p18815174663913">options</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__p18815646123917">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134554__p18815046193917">Extension status information. This is a reserved column in the system.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0634.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0634.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b30aebe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0634.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_GROUP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a602af3d019c5474cb3f77640d121b1a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b12308134712487">PGXC_GROUP</strong> records information about node groups.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__t6c300cc1797847adae05b4bd400a30a9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_GROUP columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__r7c9f4b37cd894ed68dcbd282fd2464a1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a17658ed8d76e4514bec9f53c7f992505">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__ac476c6793bc34253a8535512e32e902d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__aaf4f7de306a645a58a3cf2237d05fefc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__r30f39bf2a2f8419c9e110e6a9144636f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a7dbe470267c149bdb39cb9306a684fdf">group_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a80f401d929a4440cbbd3ad959e86ef5f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a31b6bede08c24ade99acf8080ea89a00">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__r1be7e4361d7a4a9daec5c7693933ba30"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__af9384c25b218468996c5f2b904652fbb">in_redistribution</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a7beba8cb8e944b2cbe548e0b91dfd2a7">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p31791216459">Whether redistribution is required</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__ul18285112624511"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li1352029194510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b1834472220">n</strong> indicates that the Node Group is not redistributed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li439893574519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b58741118928">y</strong> indicates the source Node Group in redistribution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li1453323319459"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b33782421023">t</strong> indicates the destination Node Group in redistribution.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__r85f9c397e38641619053419ca445986c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__affdb82ab1a7740bba2b4d1ff635eaf5d">group_members</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a8fbd877be523468ba5ee8aead5954c13">oidvector_extend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a9f18b3b16ed64428a6b3edf483791408">Node OID list of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__r3623c123596d4a31b27c3553584057e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__ad16be9447b584af89f3775381a695b73">group_buckets</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__ae7c6dd96828a454a817cc57962c15202">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__a576dc3a6fb874538a99a995c4c1534b0">Distributed data bucket group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__row204781949282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p194796491814">is_installation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p3479124915820"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__text518111518390">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p204793499820">Whether to install a sub-cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__row14389195612816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p53905561187">group_acl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p1239019567817">aclitem[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p14390856089">Access permissions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__row3574632132718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p657423282719">group_kind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p10574163220276">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__p983814616462">Node Group type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__ul15558135019461"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li1377695212464"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b16990121912318">i</strong> indicates an installation Node Group.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li41137554463"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b1261919275311">n</strong> indicates a Node Group in a common, non-logical cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li15664957124617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b72181397320">v</strong> indicates a Node Group in a logical cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__li755814504464"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974468__b1611117319417">e</strong> indicates an elastic cluster.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0635.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0635.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..482f5050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0635.html
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_NODE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a26d46eced87342cbb8e8c3addc04ee4e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b101181056124917">PGXC_NODE</strong> records information about cluster nodes.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__te9baa8dbf1ad49778a7bc46165a3ce83" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_NODE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r7befe27150694cf1a42f6ab4aa8d568c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a4ccf3b38b9724cc580f750ef5c86e65b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ac6421745ff734983976a1460d1fedee8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__aa6e2f54d688742748b57f06a6988f935">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r78d7482418d14a2d88e6c7bb8bfd42f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a4384aeef66dc412b917d7775a37cdb7d">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a3482d0db6bde4c54b5376725f3ab2100">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a8e936e5a19f74ccaad4a9704e3901c04">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r1023439850d7423890d9cb163a5c5651"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a963e9019517f4b27a59ecc4da97cf2c9">node_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__abc76ad5244b6476ebb6081c1fa86621b">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a443181dfc2fe4973b601773ac14936cf">Node type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ad31b9b41c27045c2a5f006fc4820af3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b842352706151529">C</strong>: CN</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a067ae6c1cd734dd382a50a00a261c658"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b842352706151520">D</strong>: DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r20949e69c57247ceb39d0d01b0f4877e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a56630ac0f3fe4781810d134d58a04af1">node_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a22c90c61fd244586bbc664bb7e9a422b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__af08221f0a0a04600b4385ec7eab9e228">Port ID of the node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__rf4d3586047a0436fa1118ed22c8f2b99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a98b50665ac59498381fba13c1cd156ae">node_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a59b3abc15e8746bcacf822c7a883c232">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ae328b0497e1843c2a390fd8773a1e6bc">Host name or IP address of a node. (If a virtual IP address is configured, its value is a virtual IP address.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__rfc4e7245e4b14e2fa7b9522052ff3702"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a22e0fff37ab045ce9e61e970b7c6412e">node_port1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ab2a5d79c640f4fbbb130425c230897f3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a2af8782ea4f947aaa4a70299c5b37a13">Port number of a replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r9efdb166df4840e49f8c06242db709e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a61a48461be8348f2b63a2345e7d45575">node_host1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__aae587e82ed4142fa9dbe05517f9574d6">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ae87e2527ed724aa3ae4ad018c52f398e">Host name or IP address of a replication node. (If a virtual IP address is configured, its value is a virtual IP address.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__rc08ff4c7a92e432d822760d87ad7e145"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ad7909c10c46c4ee59557ba0e2380be38">hostis_primary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a42bafebe97fb45d8b74176e8b9701338"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__text144321419103914">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a2ab3f620028d47a3a883520d06cc2692">Whether a switchover occurs between the primary and the standby server on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r4abae325087c4056a28e91f8aafaba8e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ab48cc102c3e44b94af78aa7ddbe6d670">nodeis_primary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a2ec7b0bf448d47599e55afba89644f34"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__text15433132016390">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a754b6dbe16cf4489b7e58058ddd4b084">Whether the current node is preferred to execute non-query operations in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b842352706155720">replication</strong> table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__re2fa681a338345ed80becffa60f9499a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a058191bc211248628f326de762eab0ce">nodeis_preferred</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ad58592f81e904e7ead7ebbfaa8b74e21"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__text1749042113913">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a3bb7e87c996946f7bc9b34c83d4c84fd">Whether the current node is preferred to execute queries in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__b590297190">replication</strong> table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r7201d7f578544099a8dd83723ae0fbed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__ae38cc5cf922d423ab2cf6507ac8447c8">node_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__af1082d049c4e4207afd0889f104ffdbe">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a47c0f82dfdce4d97b1e2aa5566de75ff">Node identifier</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r23735e80d70b4264b3f553571cf45b24"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__af10465abc46f440fa7e771bf84e673b6">sctp_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a713a6d892f2a4580af593ff08f70b463">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a8188739e63ac4c16afa711e4e320173f">Specifies the port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library of the primary node to listen to the data channel.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r7124b229cbfb4639bb79321a04813cfd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a346734bcbf884b6bb79c9eff576c5426">control_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a6a60747e537045359fcb9d7f3121d330">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a119e9ce1feae4bd284da95f394b2eb76">Specifies the port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library of the primary node to listen to the control channel.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__r5402cc91b5b84e42a8e9391b42f32350"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a9ae6b0e690354dfc8cd6c8000a465f5d">sctp_port1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a7943e12724764c92b157a34e80bf7c8b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__p18149152164720">Specifies the port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library of the standby node to listen to the data channel.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__rbc7e8ec2dd83430b82146ef0da9b0b98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__adff81a4f1eb5497fba9719bb673930f8">control_port1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a212cf7f6c7ac4deab3cb377fe6f54b9c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__a8d14c20e3f1046808e8ba8deabf57f60">Specifies the port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library of the standby node to listen to the control channel.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__row641750114318"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__p18418130104318">nodeis_central</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__p9418110154318"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__text4907326183916">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.529999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__p44186016437">Indicates that the current node is the central node.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__section413693620115"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__p695819498118">Query the CN and DN information of the cluster:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814624__screen1721011812210"> select * from pgxc_node;
+  node_name   | node_type | node_port |   node_host    | node_port1 |   node_host1   | hostis_primary | nodeis_primary | nodeis_preferred
+ |   node_id   | sctp_port | control_port | sctp_port1 | control_port1 | nodeis_central
+--------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------
+-+-------------+-----------+--------------+------------+---------------+----------------
+ dn_6001_6002 | D         |     40000 | 172.**.***.**1 |      45000 | 172.**.**.**2 | t              | f              | f
+ |  1644780306 |     40002 |        40003 |      45002 |         45003 | f
+ dn_6003_6004 | D         |     40000 | 172.**.**.**2  |      45000 | 172.**.**.**3  | t              | f              | f
+ |  -966646068 |     40002 |        40003 |      45002 |         45003 | f
+ dn_6005_6006 | D         |     40000 | 172.**.**.**3  |      45000 | 172.**.***.**1 | t              | f              | f
+ |   868850011 |     40002 |        40003 |      45002 |         45003 | f
+ cn_5001      | C         |      8000 | 172.**.***.**1 |       8000 | 172.**.***.**1 | t              | f              | f
+ |  1120683504 |      8002 |         8003 |          0 |             0 | f
+ cn_5002      | C         |      8000 | 172.**.**.**2  |       8000 | 172.**.**.**2  | t              | f              | f
+ | -1736975100 |      8002 |         8003 |          0 |             0 | f
+ cn_5003      | C         |      8000 | localhost      |       8000 | localhost      | t              | f              | f
+ |  -125853378 |      8002 |         8003 |          0 |             0 | t
+(6 rows)</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0561.html">System Catalogs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0639.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0639.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814446"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814446"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Views</h1>
+<div id="body1551344242587"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814446__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0640.html">ALL_ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0641.html">ALL_CONSTRAINTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0642.html">ALL_CONS_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0643.html">ALL_COL_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0644.html">ALL_DEPENDENCIES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0645.html">ALL_IND_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0646.html">ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0647.html">ALL_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0648.html">ALL_OBJECTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0649.html">ALL_PROCEDURES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0650.html">ALL_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0651.html">ALL_SOURCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0652.html">ALL_SYNONYMS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0653.html">ALL_TAB_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0654.html">ALL_TAB_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0655.html">ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0656.html">ALL_USERS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0657.html">ALL_VIEWS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0658.html">DBA_DATA_FILES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0659.html">DBA_USERS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0660.html">DBA_COL_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0661.html">DBA_CONSTRAINTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0662.html">DBA_CONS_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0663.html">DBA_IND_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0664.html">DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0665.html">DBA_IND_PARTITIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0666.html">DBA_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0667.html">DBA_OBJECTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0668.html">DBA_PART_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0669.html">DBA_PART_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0670.html">DBA_PROCEDURES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0671.html">DBA_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0672.html">DBA_SOURCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0673.html">DBA_SYNONYMS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0674.html">DBA_TAB_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0675.html">DBA_TAB_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0676.html">DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0677.html">DBA_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0678.html">DBA_TABLESPACES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0679.html">DBA_TRIGGERS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0680.html">DBA_VIEWS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0681.html">DUAL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0682.html">GLOBAL_REDO_STAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0683.html">GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0684.html">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0685.html">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0686.html">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0687.html">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0688.html">GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0689.html">GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0690.html">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0691.html">GS_REL_IOSTAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0692.html">GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0693.html">GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0694.html">GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0695.html">GS_SQL_COUNT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0696.html">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0701.html">GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0702.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0703.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0704.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0706.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0708.html">GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0709.html">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0710.html">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0711.html">GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0712.html">GS_STAT_DB_CU</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0713.html">GS_STAT_SESSION_CU</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0714.html">GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0715.html">GS_USER_TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0716.html">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0948.html">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0717.html">GS_VIEW_INVALID</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0998.html">MPP_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0718.html">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0719.html">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0720.html">PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0721.html">PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0722.html">PG_COMM_DELAY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0723.html">PG_COMM_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0724.html">PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0725.html">PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0726.html">PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0727.html">PG_CURSORS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0728.html">PG_EXT_STATS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0729.html">PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0730.html">PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0731.html">PG_GROUP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0732.html">PG_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0733.html">PG_JOB</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0734.html">PG_JOB_PROC</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0735.html">PG_JOB_SINGLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0736.html">PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0737.html">PG_LOCKS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0738.html">PG_NODE_ENV</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0739.html">PG_OS_THREADS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0740.html">PG_POOLER_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0741.html">PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0742.html">PG_PREPARED_XACTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0743.html">PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0744.html">PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0745.html">PG_ROLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0746.html">PG_RULES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0747.html">PG_RUNNING_XACTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0748.html">PG_SECLABELS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0749.html">PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0750.html">PG_SESSION_IOSTAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0751.html">PG_SETTINGS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0752.html">PG_SHADOW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0753.html">PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0754.html">PG_STATS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0755.html">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0757.html">PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0758.html">PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0759.html">PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0760.html">PG_STAT_BGWRITER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0761.html">PG_STAT_DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0762.html">PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0763.html">PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0764.html">PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0765.html">PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0766.html">PG_STAT_USER_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0767.html">PG_STAT_REPLICATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0768.html">PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0769.html">PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0770.html">PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0771.html">PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0772.html">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0773.html">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0774.html">PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0775.html">PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0776.html">PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0777.html">PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0778.html">PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0779.html">PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0780.html">PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0781.html">PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0782.html">PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0783.html">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0784.html">PG_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0785.html">PG_TDE_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0786.html">PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0787.html">PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0788.html">PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0789.html">PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0791.html">PG_USER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0792.html">PG_USER_MAPPINGS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0793.html">PG_VIEWS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0794.html">PG_WLM_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0795.html">PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0796.html">PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0797.html">PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0798.html">PGXC_COMM_DELAY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0799.html">PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0800.html">PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0801.html">PGXC_COMM_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0802.html">PGXC_DEADLOCK</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0803.html">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0804.html">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0805.html">PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0806.html">PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0807.html">PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0808.html">PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0809.html">PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0810.html">PGXC_NODE_ENV</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0811.html">PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0812.html">PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0813.html">PGXC_OS_THREADS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0814.html">PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0815.html">PGXC_REDO_STAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0816.html">PGXC_REL_IOSTAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0817.html">PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0818.html">PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0819.html">PGXC_SETTINGS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0820.html">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0821.html">PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0822.html">PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0823.html">PGXC_STAT_DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0824.html">PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0825.html">PGXC_SQL_COUNT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0826.html">PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0827.html">PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0828.html">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0829.html">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0830.html">PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0831.html">PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0832.html">PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0836.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0837.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0838.html">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0839.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0840.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0841.html">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0842.html">PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0843.html">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0844.html">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0845.html">PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0846.html">PLAN_TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0847.html">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0848.html">PV_FILE_STAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0849.html">PV_INSTANCE_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0850.html">PV_OS_RUN_INFO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0851.html">PV_SESSION_MEMORY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0852.html">PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0853.html">PV_SESSION_STAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0854.html">PV_SESSION_TIME</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0855.html">PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0856.html">PV_REDO_STAT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0857.html">REDACTION_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0858.html">REDACTION_POLICIES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0859.html">USER_COL_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0860.html">USER_CONSTRAINTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0861.html">USER_CONS_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0862.html">USER_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0863.html">USER_IND_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0864.html">USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0865.html">USER_IND_PARTITIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0866.html">USER_JOBS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0867.html">USER_OBJECTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0868.html">USER_PART_INDEXES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0869.html">USER_PART_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0870.html">USER_PROCEDURES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0871.html">USER_SEQUENCES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0872.html">USER_SOURCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0873.html">USER_SYNONYMS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0874.html">USER_TAB_COLUMNS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0875.html">USER_TAB_COMMENTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0876.html">USER_TAB_PARTITIONS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0877.html">USER_TABLES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0878.html">USER_TRIGGERS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0879.html">USER_VIEWS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0880.html">V$SESSION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0881.html">V$SESSION_LONGOPS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0640.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0640.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58399fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0640.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__en-us_topic_0059779023_p114318140275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__b1796883917526">ALL_ALL_TABLES</strong> displays the tables or views accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__tc15b1a2e802a44228d31aa5f7f221929" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__rb8c7bb3163974153a78d1e316ee0c8b4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a892592d4b6094664bb48e10feb5ebb3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.990000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a38c93608362b4380a2ca3b722bdcb9e8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.50000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__ab3f2bbe71854462e90e81e385b410113">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__rcdc6382963cd4fbea99c3a8bf9db9ecc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a37729be87b644d8bbd8630cf640b5ae0">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.990000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a4a7a245a94814600945edef828108b81">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.50000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__aa16261adb5a9486b9a76d036436cdc68">Owner of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__r3229ba71d32a4c5fbeefa08a86d7884f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a54930416189e408f994690c6f88f777e">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.990000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__acdc26a1c0ac242e7aa7ff8918770345d">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.50000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a502409c4378947bda6304800dbae5717">Name of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__rd78b7b67539f444ba82979a641d425fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a04765af6910340dfb7896db10dde7671">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.990000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a81265a5d344941559051945a0b6545bb">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.50000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894467__a4bc624ff59964ea0a2884fed1dca668f">Tablespace where the table or view is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0641.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0641.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..604d89de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0641.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_CONSTRAINTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553495037927"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p819572174514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__b210417524270">ALL_CONSTRAINTS</strong> displays information about constraints accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__table2019514234513" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_CONSTRAINTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row519610211455"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p619610274515">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p519620214517">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p219611214455">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row1919618214458"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p1719612220451">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p01968234517">vcharacter varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p640312320473">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row219610217451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p1528611044720">constraint_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p2019616214519">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p19641255194710">Constraint type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__ul14483151819288"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__li18483181822819">C: Check constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__li174831418112816">F: Foreign key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__li1048321892817">P: Primary key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__li2483018162813">U: Unique constraint.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row121965215453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p819716264514">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p2055164091615">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p71972211451">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row10197528456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p195782422162">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p135866421168">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p186404424817">Owner of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__row1249124174914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p11249841495">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p1041814417161">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134828__p9249124144911">Name of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0642.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0642.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c16de3c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0642.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_CONS_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1553495037927"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p25481042124913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__b15735145619016">ALL_CONS_COLUMNS</strong> displays information about constraint columns accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__table205485425499" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_CONS_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__row8548164212493"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p8548642124918">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p155481342204918">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p054813426494">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__row25498420491"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p125491742144919">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p625013215394">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p25491942144912">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__row954944211492"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p354920423495">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p42851235203919">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p5549114210494">Name of constraint-related column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__row115496428490"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p10549114211498">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p34747382395">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p854904224913">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__row8549742164911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p054919427492">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p1846315459396">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654814__p14549164210498">Position of the column in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0643.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0643.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2b841cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0643.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_COL_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p196303261015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__b670917217213">ALL_COL_COMMENTS</strong> displays the comment information about table columns accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__table848695014544" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_COL_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__row6486750185412"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p8486115016540"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p174865501545">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p948615045415">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__row748616509541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p448617508548">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p44866508543">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p11487155017549">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__row948719500541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p1748710502542">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p9487150195418">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p18487175015411">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__row124871450155412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p5487205085419">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p16487165013542">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p1448715019548">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__row16487750175410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p7487650105412">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p54871650135417">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894753__p7487175013540">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0644.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0644.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86e1434a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0644.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_DEPENDENCIES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__en-us_topic_0059778907_p694242172712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__b213043018577">ALL_DEPENDENCIES</strong> displays dependencies between functions and advanced packages accessible to the current user.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__nd4ce8a98fee146858f69581cbdec722d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__aeff056b1cefa429d9b3e59ef72c86b53">Currently in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__text1727719575">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, this table is empty without any record due to information constraints.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__t3d2de5d6dce34df0bbcdb3c824c5c53d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_DEPENDENCIES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__ra9be7d00fd95485d91cd15c2d9221395"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a60534901835f4127a58231a9b76e417d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a45d02ed0131a4ed9940684ea98d45295">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a5de668c8edde4d38b11530e1878f5964">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r49f1b31968044e55aa1b2b32e4fb7ccd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a167be471409343dba21b766dc01aec11">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__aff0bf49d6bf446658e9c11aba003d7a6">character varying(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a89afdfc8e8dd42b8a137ed42c85b2c71">Owner of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__rdc110229c1514b0296429abf43d63027"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a94c3d5fe82ca457090dd51a792a78d5f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a3508ea7a21514a489424d67ee7226232">character varying(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a19982b043b684293bf1107e50dda776e">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r095d075126794902b98f5cc979d0f864"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a6d0aa6e7e63d4465a966c0e4d8fe5101">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__ae4e8c0d85e92427181c1d521715e4c1d">character varying(17)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__ad86a52c40e444dc6b5c992b6a5f4aea7">Type of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r102623ddd97c44789ea4a950663a9818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__ab3bc3aa9eeed4557b8ca5ff71fe77327">referenced_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a78f3ec02e8664760b5a2fe38f7924d50">character varying(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__aac884c4020e24cfbbbd45a25f8a9b573">Owner of the referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__rfb6761983d404be4ad8abb50c1bcbbe9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a8eb316f33d07403f8f737495c30c71cd">referenced_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a1eac8915abbb40e8ab329e68d57d3b9d">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a625fbdca7fa44c3b86cb21071c30d81d">Name of the referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r0473b03c60cc48ceb5d1936b141b0321"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a5b8e25d8dbd8483885c35f6a8558c016">referenced_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a7e9337003c3c4a198f1f312bf5d85903">character varying(17)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__ac5fe730ad92649f78d053d1dbc99b0ac">Type of the referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__rc495755d80874211a8831e327fdb3de3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a27e8fb55b14b439e859afeb959460e3a">referenced_link_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a7d2cd915ff344973ab8f96aa9a6465cd">character varying(128)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__adda10198c66747be9e6ef27c91031319">Name of the link to the referenced object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r2065a7856fc945018af49747c12d1232"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__aa985a7219a7b4da28f0875439dce4ca4">schemaid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__acef234d152174c689e968c20fd21b7e9">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a1733e730525e465b9819c3daafa2df34">ID of the current schema</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__r554288b7e8764666bd90b10f3c6fb0fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.159999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__af17c3974dcde462ba25194e0f3e4ab89">dependency_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.28%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a8f6d57e4fddc450ebbb848e6344e9252">character varying(4)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.56%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814882__a1a50d51c275c4963b71d968b74506e5d">Dependency type (REF or HARD)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0645.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0645.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd952967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0645.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_IND_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620277"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1367017521939"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__b14171731552">ALL_IND_COLUMNS</strong> displays all index columns accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__table1670155214310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_IND_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row6670135213310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p56701952933">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p14670352831">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p18670145211311">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row1367016522034"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p567113521531">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p10359182265618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p36311248181513">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row1618460111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1718510091611">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p482012515618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1118516011613">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row64384516168"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p3438195131615">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p54235284563">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1043811571618">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row133891101165"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p7389151014164">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p74211933125617">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p238991011617">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row86981315201616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p369811519165">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p5698191541613">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p7699161519161">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__row73332417566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1133172412564">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p8319174135614">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814454__p1334162416567">Position of column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0646.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0646.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13c72676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0646.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS</h1>
+<div id="body1553766008366"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p1596624973610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__b114041740204119">ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS</strong> displays information about the expression indexes accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__table18966104953618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row596614916362"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p169661749183617">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p169661449103617">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p39661549143618">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row199661949183619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p16966104915369">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p45609517412">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p1396718496369">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row8967249143619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p18967154915367">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p18981179415">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p196774913367">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row169671849113619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p17967149143618">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p11663410545">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p796714498362">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row1967174933614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p1967194943613">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p63673125418">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p5967104919364">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row89671349143615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p18967194933611">column_expression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p13967124973613">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p1196734923616">Function-based index expression of a specified column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__row109671849203619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p16967349173610">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p174021020245">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134490__p69671149173617">Position of a column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0647.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0647.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf1223c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0647.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620277"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__en-us_topic_0059778991_p6717169885"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__b1788510012919">ALL_INDEXES</strong> displays information about indexes accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__t0f8928241daa4f03af831e79f7525e0b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__r83c7c1ead2d0414ab2890373c607cc7d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a24b41eaca69749bd9b2ee04e4bab29a2">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a53831c6114494239bf780da29e6dbecf">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a30d10fcf654f4fdaaebbdfe50bde91cf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__r3ca00fff2c1241f2b03cb49bb9be4425"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a1e3878ece8ad470a833bd23cc54b2d32">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a4f3c5d1e9e954fa3b5317ffc26bb3a2f">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a3c38697443d5434ba8dd2b99193b1365">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__r9b1029c3e4c74a1aac0b6f384b1f938a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a2f885024ca5043ee8bd6c5174f9c12c8">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a1b0b98eb101042d49bd3bf95a8c58d46">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__a0867f9ea2f7f4a2ba659887c40e3dc5b">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__row484102593916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p48418257398">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p1284025133910">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p148416251399">Name of the table corresponding to the index.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__row151643307393"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p3164123017396">uniqueness</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p51641730153920">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p12165330123911">Whether the index is a unique index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__row1679083418396"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p117901734183913">generated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p9790734113911">character varying(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p16790143493918">Whether the index name is generated by the system</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__row477812387391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.38%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p37781038173918">partitioned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p187789388394">character(3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694971__p10778538143914">Whether the index has the property of the partition table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0648.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0648.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..edc939c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0648.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_OBJECTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a88a7ccc488d74ffeb51c4804ebcde683"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__b18476112745820">ALL_OBJECTS</strong> displays all database objects accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__t73504310bd6f48b2b0eadf1f6e9ce699" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_OBJECTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__rbf484ac52f944673bad128540b6f792f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__aeb7addbaad6b4db1b7ca82a229ff53a7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a35facab6bd044e608d403a40d1c50319">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a9ff9dcd68b3d44e98e4a2ec984507dac">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__r65b5b714d5b5485dba9e813790f60005"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a8fc4f2a1688347f3ab389cfe65f00ef3">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a9212f9af782c4d4984115373b800f75a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a2f0e3fdba61a4e8bac9011280ea570f1">Owner of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__r582cd7be09ff4787b7def293db9f9810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a6be330ad223541a4a5a4165af0a240f4">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a481dc093d4774a2bbf8074901893bd8b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__ade31f5f14d874164a8ca1cdf280d749f">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__r81cf499665bb4f1e9e761a4b7ad58969"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a1004caf935e640c0839e65df0a6b2058">object_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a2006e4e3fe49460396a4ed194e09c41b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__af446a2cc450c4367ae8e9cdbd3f89714">OID of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__r77a8ce3a954742769772a936f19c3453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__aacaa110a21954bf2ba0827b80ce3dee6">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a6ce7b85933924e089b0ac08e15426ab7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__ab689c9fc0200498c8dde031890d1f6b0">Type of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__rcda2ecb8e46749a6962d6965cf42757b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a72c4ae5d4c4d4d5cb3ec3e06a1a2132a">namespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__af593803110d146a0b44b2df54bd6e9d0">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__a814d3bd000b643948e8a8923a48d093f">ID of the namespace where the object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__row17810204101315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p8810134121320">created</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p1181010491316">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p1981004131311">Object creation time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__row139141013131"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p16391610141314">last_ddl_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p18391010161314">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p6392010191317">The last time when an object was modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__note48614535129"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__p178685311213">For details about the value ranges of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__b11424233716">last_ddl_time</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134770__b922712812715">last_ddl_time</strong>, see <a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0649.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0649.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..046540ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0649.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_PROCEDURES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a619643f0441e4f76bd1aae188ebebafa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__b162415252020">ALL_PROCEDURES</strong> displays information about all stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__t4aa8d698ebaf4495802e2c649898662d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_PROCEDURES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__rabc85e44c8024edbaa5b45cb441863d2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.21%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a2c3a115bcf354af384b37058d1a6fad5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__abf000f4df94347709feb3b9b2b691f13">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a6187839bd1624227886496a45493b0d0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__r4631beac41d24d56ba3531ab21d01799"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__ac8c6746017fe4f2a99c2cf46c64b092a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a79e40dc1462145089d10c8cce4a17163">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a5f9af9a1508a46a480ee00d2298fc6b5">Owner of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__radf7d794eb1a40ba875bba7d5882b173"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a0052cfc0b65a4beb99d00538864a208d">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__ac5efd08d211b44e080abf7cadac97c17">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654850__a773f1fa828bf4deeb8965339658c9cbd">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0650.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0650.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05b2fccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0650.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a7bf213fe7c7449359cf57ab90979efc3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b6723112817113">ALL_SEQUENCES</strong> displays all sequences accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__t71615fae13d34368b5584db3e088a7d9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r2a4fd48af4774d579cdf17833bc7c572"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a6fcfb512f6af4664bfaa89d0d3ab36ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a08c41e3878dd444da6e15b3028d5b464">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__afcc4bfb7515d4432862a37c8170d1e8f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r5724fd8ae3514b098e144237e0e9b6cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__abe8539266a824275b77779fb5afb42e9">sequence_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a2d326a1526f2496a83ab1e2a7f0e4518">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a9da5d8f527484d41912cff0871f5d70a">Owner of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r4491aada309c407f886a4a58d00008fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a9ea8bdaa13d8443fa0cae55d3c8f210b">sequence_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__ad65bb55f8e014f938098e1582818c3e5">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a15187171df754155a0113093dfbd5a5f">Name of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r328d8a631568480d88151bc9f58b041b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__ad7310f4310fa47bcb1ac77fe2c545fd8">min_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a7078d6ae007745db8660c760024446f4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a7680757d0e0649f7852fd112e0d7b968">Minimum value of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r8ddc69146f754e74856106393f978dd6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a3aa9fbac1c8746b0bb7ec9265f3fe8cd">max_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__ab013288ee9bf4534b91c3deaedc1122c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__aa68a56aaa785414192cf36a989377937">Maximum value of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__rd50abf5176cd45a48706366a86397c87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__aacbdea5d986949dc8e888f4de4c8b1c6">increment_by</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__aab4b4b0bf7c444ef8c902359f728e0ff">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__ab606d5b2fce0416b96d5affac0c0fa00">Value by which the sequence is incremented</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__r2ab5b0b7421542609f3293ccd99d44aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__acf8e79d10fba49cda4f66b8c13b79051">cycle_flag</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.349999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a49272ff2c7f0488791e68f989b2eef99">character(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.53%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__a498f99e397c14f23b37bebc9d688dce4">Whether the sequence is a cycle sequence. The value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b842352706142532">Y</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b842352706142535">N</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__u95340fb8bf864b18818a28877ba45495"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__l1c06e294732d484b959133c7d0c6ed53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b842352706142541">Y</strong> indicates that it is a cycle sequence.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__l0d2d28989ad64e4ca24aaaab0132500f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655242__b842352706142548">N</strong> indicates that it is not a cycle sequence.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0651.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0651.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..261ac95a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0651.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_SOURCE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a45549b02e6684c2997b69d975ebe3982"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__b2792571034">ALL_SOURCE</strong> displays information about stored procedures or functions accessible to the current user, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures and functions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__t8f45b9168862486a9a4ee4b10d9f371e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_SOURCE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__rf0774a5459ce4229aa4b1ba2726c0e01"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a79133f0a3a5d47adac14ad27b8eaaca8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.790000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__acd4aecdb064f42668471f0deebd3d4e4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.44%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__ab64608e8d2d64ad8866bba333c3942b6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__r5d6bd7bce89c49a58d0df1e7c7b01ca7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a7b948937f6d6469cb7ad0349b817b236">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a8c4cd6e903224256ab5c8790a69cdd94">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a78bfa16058624cddb81690e03faedf51">Owner of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__rdc2abdda74824d2f876e6cd750872e18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a874e7cbbd7554dc7b93aa6ae4d400cc3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__aefbb2405c8ca4cf7b7a26897d85d72f1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a44f0462a366a45d9b75e42471e2e4824">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__r5d342e8deb9c4a96a56780040413f3c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a9836d8d881994131aca677e9befc253f">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a113ca70ed54b46d7b826a55ae2b65d14">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__ac7b673d5bfab43658cae8ace84176c1f">Type of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__r0f216398e3bf4ede914dcaaf8d7cb023"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__a9a2ecf724bc3439fbd156f67a4d3480e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.790000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__ad336eccf14114a1a9a8342ccbfede376">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.44%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694701__aa68ce7f3e73441dc87babe6d9ae62cd5">Definition of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0652.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0652.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79dafa56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0652.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_SYNONYMS</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__b842352706154020">ALL_SYNONYMS</strong> displays all synonyms accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__table13791115203418" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__b25561833143116">ALL_SYNONYMS</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row2079110522344"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__a71a700ff20cd44c7a97e76ff4f8fde3d">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__a7a5a3dc1cfde48138f2ed3f67870e4e5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__abe9fe7e2abb344c7ba59420e71ee63e4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row7792135213348"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p107921752163413">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p1079235219346">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p137921752133420">Owner of a synonym.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row10792185212345"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p47922052123419">schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p37921152133418">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p07927528343">Name of the schema to which the synonym belongs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row20913125609"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p19793115243414">synonym_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p19913105502">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p09133513011">Synonym name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row19989329012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p9989122303">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p99891021004">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p79891921008">Owner of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row3861401012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p188710207">table_schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p18871601204">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p1987901600">Schema name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__row1679265253416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.972597259725973%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p1080412815012">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.731873187318733%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p13793652113414">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.295529552955294%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655264__p127932524345">Name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0653.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0653.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af5ed6f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0653.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_TAB_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__en-us_topic_0059778324_p730016842816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__b155102021172">ALL_TAB_COLUMNS</strong> displays description information about columns of the tables accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__t23f78f8458144929b8fe46287cecab6e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_TAB_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__rd66fa19172894cd7893436aab544b8fd"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a71a700ff20cd44c7a97e76ff4f8fde3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a7a5a3dc1cfde48138f2ed3f67870e4e5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__abe9fe7e2abb344c7ba59420e71ee63e4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r01bb4dc0cb614543933cc82552e7490c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a3c5d1d008bdf4c17b677f3e9ee2948ed">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__ae59db6f61eb54749896e8a4f9307bc83">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a4a3224d56d4a4baf93c88d2515c79540">Owner of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r57cf4e7c7c8144fb9e0db3e4f3cbe84f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__ad8bf7b79364745f2a3f6a8209f735617">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a7eb5039c5a1d496cb1c49d27da867043">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__af677e055852c4e94809f93d2952f9a84">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r560f49de97ff417497ffe005ba01fd02"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__ab2fbdfe3667448c5a40f7efe40961d90">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a9d41977217aa40ee9b3edfc4fda7e99d">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__ae3b909ccf535453f8be9a0df4c08b8fc">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r6a9ab51543fd4885b9e30e5ee24e28c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a96255fc82f734beaabb4f3cbee9dad75">data_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__acc0d8f25de19489884acd4ff7ac5d414">character varying(128)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a93eb038701c548788cdaf43cbc0f5784">Data type of the column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r5476a5ff76aa44b7a9b1f4f54cffad3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a5cd3168f29374aa2b3b9f8fa97bde3ee">column_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__ae31c871e3eaf4842bf6d1efddcfb90d1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a7e4599900ae64afe8521b0f619c16b03">Column ID generated when the object is created or column is added</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__r63f34284f3584806aa349908e67d5201"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a9b20a367d14042f29ba32b0b7551a5de">data_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a1280121c0d794927acbaca253a2266df">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__a8f5b2c655c1c47d2938549e54cedd0cb">Length of the column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__row68696812011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p386948102015">avg_col_len</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p486911852019">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p58691085209">Average length of a column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__row147311500209"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p1732115016203">nullable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p207321650182015">bpchar</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p773215503207">Whether the column can be empty. For the primary key constraint and non-null constraint, the value is n.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__row7211103542112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p1521133513214">data_precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p14211103513216">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p7211143532113">Indicates the precision of the data type. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type and NULL for other types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__row103501817221"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p53501017222">data_scale</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p193501714223">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p33508162211">Number of decimal places. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type. For other data types, the value of this parameter is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__row15606173817222"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p2606113892220">char_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p11606138162214">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814329__p760683817225">Column length in the unit of bytes. This parameter is valid only for the varchar, nvarchar2, bpchar, and char types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0654.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0654.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54a857b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0654.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_TAB_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620277"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__en-us_topic_0059779166_p178817720295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__b196667336277">ALL_TAB_COMMENTS</strong> displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__t15321d37475f48bab08df515898a3e72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_TAB_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__r24a04b73f6bf454c94987bae7ab32ba9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a9e1e866b82834c7286124af785a89ca8">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a55db7e7df7bc4c8d9a37199b1b31268e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__aaf1995b33efc4ba3adc35929853df6b3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__r81089f3dcdfe4670a4e4992c59495c31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__ac1120b064e8d472d866b198aeed2826a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__p6773103210718">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a4145d975412e4791a0168bdf7a5fde18">Owner of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__r29a86abc76464acbbd4a62183cb1fe97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a5f3078d0ff674536a55d5bdc24f726df">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__p15685335379">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__aa5f54c5d6463404789da79d18e08b92e">Name of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__r504f9af374a64d279a3393b228f278b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a871111cf67054d29bd8b0e0d0a9baebe">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__add33f7499afc4aa4ab681c8a499a8873">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814717__a38dbfdc5395d49a3988bdbf8defd972f">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0655.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0655.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a87fca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0655.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__aed056a24f9b444aa9967b9890d4e9f4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b19269305104">ALL_TABLES</strong> displays all the tables accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__t0f710d96305042d69bf5df437f47bd7c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__r044471d4e9064080997b409744d7f262"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__af55088cece18485e95425629ba596080"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a2d4794e800124337a6d43ad42105c190">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a38bcc98dd8a14bdeb0faf2f825b72da9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__rd634c05480a2428e9271e254ce4071c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__ab1dec22ac7884fcbb66452a760ec1ea7">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a9b00186f838443f3aae90003e7ee0b29">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a75296926f42b40aa9eefa82665b610cd">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__r7be7001b4a914de2a3ab77b4fa2eb1ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a10e4fb836f3b43a493f9635e1342d6cb">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__af72929fa769f495886bca90ae1c9d8bc">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__ab720bab0d7d44af5b7d1e29e5959ec7e">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__r885cf2d3d7e8441a824a071f1289e41a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__abb6406df765f4da4bd435def0044d79b">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a0dc49d9b500245ccb75742bc0ceb7a39">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__ae910efeac4ba456a926ea4498ffa44f4">Name of the tablespace that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__row94935016406"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p04955094017">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p174957094017">character varying(8)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p749517024016">Whether the current record is valid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__r240c2e31b1a74356bc9369abc16031c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a8d821dedc02e47919ec7c4c2b4051dd6">temporary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a894f11b595fc4e52a060069602b24428">character(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a5ae8203fc39a4885aa8253d2de686117">Whether the table is a temporary table</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__ud1e2d0970f564ba1b91687869dc89698"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__lc2d8aaa7ea934bfbaa7396ae8b3fc529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b27621821135816">Y</strong> indicates that it is a temporary table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__l5ee4d761e28e468b812356273ae7ab6d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b115185180583">N</strong> indicates that it is not a temporary table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__rc33f52d7800845858b164a54cb0119ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a3a340b501ec4423199541964f08eadb3">dropped</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a2282e07547ca4e3bae6e650405c505e6">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__a7874ff2015e94f5f941b884f1fdf519c">Whether the current record is deleted</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__ub2a01489b4be4c6ea9e7692225ad5912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__lc5c97d64c304460c8fdd86c4c0e3fee5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b1147816374582">YES</strong> indicates that it is deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__l84b5428921e144958248358b245d9f79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__b157861839205813">NO</strong> indicates that it is not deleted.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__row4847841713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p158479411117">num_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.259999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p18472412118">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.690000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814954__p1084717411119">The estimated number of rows in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0656.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0656.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e32c4f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0656.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_USERS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a250bffec33ad49939be8240145ae4af0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__b84235270615403">ALL_USERS</strong> displays all users of the database visible to the current user, however, it does not describe the users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__tb491d11a4b8c4f1aaba8d9a4e23e21bb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_USERS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__r099516a5b14747cd86719d0eec7d01ef"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a839b65d9b7a34ecbbb0dc0685ec42f7d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__af71fb76418ef41a59d21e3a0d60fdf04">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a20e9d40381814afe93497a9413b19411">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__ra2ee00d3305142278b80d0434e9ae614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a192909342fc946afae21ce411f0a58ad">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__ade3da40c16dc4e5e9470e3a897827af7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a968bd46a4d9e4008beb4eb26df89329b">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__r412ff48816c645b3bd529ea0f6be6e74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__a841a16fc188343d09d2c4d0cf60ffdf8">user_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__ad59a63f9003d4816bf21148483d3a43f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494471__aa67a2963f34d45db92d4283f98b848a8">OID of the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0657.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0657.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..298fb6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0657.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALL_VIEWS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__aed220eb76e564143a8d07eedccd491ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__b842352706154020">ALL_VIEWS</strong> displays the description about all views accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__t204eb8232168459a9dc980734b58f509" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>ALL_VIEWS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__r93b97333c4ee4366b26965566b5c3efc"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__ac150025e83de4ed1b194462f40d5af0a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a0cfc8d7b064943458e20053a7850f559">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a6bfcd65dd41548c2877365c9db8c2446">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__rbba59255c85a4d15968904d859ea888c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a1e3daaaf744f4bbdb153fb59f8dec700">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a252eb34d21014fa9b6a7a6dd343589db">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a4cc9b9f4ac2b4d7ca6802a4c9236d1a4">Owner of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__r6537c98a45f1484ca68d1ce7ede5eba8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a4417b1ff7d6347659f3c4117e51cab81">view_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__aba7b8d4c61f840aba36ce4b7617b3039">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a9cd7fedf0a1d45bc8e07bfa4d06c0e9b">Name of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__r0e763e94f3b14aadb72b8e43bd8bfe53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__abdb19119d59349e992982fb827796a30">text_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a9913d396b88546d781c788c519649374">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a4acf23428d2a4abfbabfd0889276aee5">Text length of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__rc7f01cf4de8c4352a0a2c306e1229a0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__aa48c97e1a3d24fb49d57b001eecc47ae">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a0be8ad7a34094781896aa317204cbd9e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814503__a82730a5799b04adc9108633463ef6466">Text in the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0658.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0658.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9905bf46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0658.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_DATA_FILES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a604ef42afa8044cea26fe698031c4d94"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__b115151162115">DBA_DATA_FILES</strong> displays the description of database files. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__td6a07d06187e4ba88110b7d2715f7582" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_DATA_FILES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__rde65271d656144398e2debe84fb1d2cc"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.777122287771224%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__ae07bef9caa21466c96cc7e254bb54284"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.70672932706729%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__aa3c406b9930b46898858ac6daa754316">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.51614838516148%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__af92d8a030608479fa1344e83bcfedaba">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__r50be4c6f1df04d23a58b68574c6f9fc6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.777122287771224%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a31591cfe9ff6441cae8bf387848b2b3c">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.70672932706729%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__ad990054f3c034eb8ad63480b02004e27">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.51614838516148%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a959bb3f4bfae40a7b64ad71d0405f6b9">Name of the tablespace to which the file belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__r8ff4c051bbf44e4798ef270e2c7837dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.777122287771224%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a4db821f93f2b4fbd962e6fc4b3fc6967">bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.70672932706729%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a7f57c2f527e440f5b3e0b2ce924f2992">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.51614838516148%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694663__a21060a11346c402db6ee02ff5d07d924">Length of the file in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0659.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0659.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36c8a297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0659.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_USERS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__en-us_topic_0059778413_p581153462816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__b72741221202213">DBA_USERS</strong> displays all user names in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__t0a848bfac3274e15b9e97cf204abc00e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_USERS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__rf2d01137bd9640d7a078933f9cb278b8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__aa72b36c5a8174c9e9a60f9dc03988b0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__af6516b63102a4e439ad5f971d79e4cce">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__a3100fd79714240fdbde2f1a6a29434d4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__r5eea00fdc7c5487ba5f68f6b7d650e49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__a296c6412200d4513aebf357630da16e4">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__a718c9a30da5244569ed9bef436acc58c">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135006__a7e805934f97c4f8fa2bf40b1fd9002fe">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0660.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0660.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26315a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0660.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_COL_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620277"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__p196303261015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__b128689334913">DBA_COL_COMMENTS</strong> displays information about table colum comments in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__tcfefa028af554d4390f3016323920af3" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_COL_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__r639f303903af4f5fb20313920b31beb2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a8baee466546f42a8baaa39a1b8439a67">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__ae0e4e9a86ed54a91b07b9a5b94cd1882">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__ac36ef8332b1d43cdb90651ab8392b7a4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__r536124c92bc14042a1cf7a481755524f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a6b980d32bb37453897ff47f68e2d4e16">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a3814e6ba6c19452b82d66a33e69b69ed">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a31dd5f7a7dcc4790aa17f1aea94a4fc4">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__r0025089641544f36a3ccc4e2b6787fdf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a2d525984237e42fda8c6fad86130a685">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a5e9ebaa59833469183d829ae5d466fc1">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a73bc75cb8a4c4d6985352b733fc55e29">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__rd38824cfb0764283b3e8a21553795a11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__ac9af91d5672a49ac808b95ed506bbad9">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a85f22019258d43d6b083d86a61f54f7c">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__acb016e34a687409094051576febe08a7">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__r26a49d61daed4c17825471f4b719ada7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a22c5153af50c42258c1cb429104a105c">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__abf6994a922fc4c639edebab919ec6752">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655168__a998e7c628efa4344a8e02188088be935">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0661.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0661.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90ff069e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0661.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_CONSTRAINTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620278"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p819572174514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__b15961355111016">DBA_CONSTRAINTS</strong> displays information about table constraints in database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__table2019514234513" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_CONSTRAINTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row519610211455"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p619610274515">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p519620214517">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p219611214455">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row1919618214458"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p1719612220451">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p01968234517">vcharacter varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p640312320473">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row219610217451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p1528611044720">constraint_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p2019616214519">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p19641255194710">Constraint type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__ul168201643185318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__li13820943155315">C: Check constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__li17821643105311">F: Foreign key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__li4821154313534">P: Primary key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__li482184311537">U: Unique constraint.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row121965215453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p819716264514">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p2055164091615">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p71972211451">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row10197528456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p195782422162">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p135866421168">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p186404424817">Owner of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__row1249124174914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p11249841495">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p1041814417161">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814682__p9249124144911">Name of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0662.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0662.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32fc582c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0662.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_CONS_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620278"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p25481042124913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__b669295920132">DBA_CONS_COLUMNS</strong> displays information about constraint columns in database tables. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__table205485425499" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_CONS_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__row8548164212493"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p8548642124918">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p155481342204918">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p054813426494">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__row25498420491"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p125491742144919">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p625013215394">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p25491942144912">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__row954944211492"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p354920423495">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p42851235203919">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p5549114210494">Name of constraint-related column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__row115496428490"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p10549114211498">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p34747382395">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p854904224913">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__row8549742164911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p054919427492">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p1846315459396">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694467__p14549164210498">Position of the column in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0663.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0663.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6179f011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0663.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_IND_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1553496560611"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1367017521939"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__b175254332165">DBA_IND_COLUMNS</strong> displays column information about all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__table1670155214310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_IND_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row6670135213310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p56701952933">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p14670352831">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p18670145211311">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row1367016522034"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p567113521531">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p10359182265618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p36311248181513">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row1618460111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1718510091611">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p482012515618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1118516011613">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row64384516168"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p3438195131615">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p54235284563">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1043811571618">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row133891101165"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p7389151014164">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p74211933125617">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p238991011617">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row86981315201616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p369811519165">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p5698191541613">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p7699161519161">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__row73332417566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1133172412564">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p8319174135614">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974744__p1334162416567">Position of column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0664.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0664.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a50d0fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0664.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620278"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p1596624973610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__b3735111211308">DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS</strong> displays the information about expression indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__table18966104953618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row596614916362"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p169661749183617">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p169661449103617">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p39661549143618">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row199661949183619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p16966104915369">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p45609517412">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p1396718496369">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row8967249143619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p18967154915367">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p18981179415">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p196774913367">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row169671849113619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p17967149143618">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p11663410545">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p796714498362">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row1967174933614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p1967194943613">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p63673125418">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p5967104919364">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row89671349143615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p18967194933611">column_expression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p13967124973613">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p1196734923616">The function-based index expression of a specified column </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__row109671849203619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.752675267526755%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p16967349173610">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.91399139913992%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p174021020245">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694871__p69671149173617">Position of column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0665.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0665.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70588728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0665.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_IND_PARTITIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__afdfdfaed82d34c81a273f4ea2a52ae13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__b796025051412">DBA_IND_PARTITIONS</strong> displays information about all index partitions in the database. Each index partition of a partitioned table in the database, if present, has a row of records in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__b84235270615421">DBA_IND_PARTITIONS</strong>. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__t1ca75b91f8374adbb16bd851dc519dee" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_IND_PARTITIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rf2ae709ab7504824af157c3b3e8d5cec"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ae2eeedc4bec54ed0b9117ff1cd84c37a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ab3768f4cf3bc4f10b818a3d484b67d1d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a65e6142d3ba24898a9aac531be3d4f28">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rc3e3dfaa827f4d7fb92ce49afeb4fded"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a60643198cf9d4546b33e88c7de8f5afb">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ab0f713008e3b41b0ad18d94e291e74f6">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__adc0703d0a8e34068a109a63c2cf0adb4">Name of the owner of the partitioned index to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rae8a25f04dde4f3791359d1ddd30e24c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__adccaa06e26044b09913a498997565f36">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ab10f9a827ad84198a2a207c53422f210">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a06558a2551184489aa88c2c8efe8a5f2">Schema of the partitioned index to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__r717158dccec84161bdaf0afb3b299653"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__af988e4fdf6d441f583b5e671abad9f48">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ac22a48641059446596604b2646cd65e5">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ab6f90a12b70c4e1c97916e57f9c75736">Index name of the partitioned table to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rf04945b91b7c4ac1a75f26a0ebde4aa0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a62cc0575aa814fa5900fdea83ec297ba">partition_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a2556b93586c548eab59f433383274b23">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a4db94b9993c54bab9e0e4fbc76c415ca">Name of the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rcba5274443424cc49ca95e706f2af0d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__abfb34bfc42ea4ccd8e28056ba2bd2168">index_partition_usable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__aeebcb6b686b5495a8f8c5f94a3fb5760"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__text18296163020278">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__ad0463b08ced44378bfe65fdbe74515de">Whether the index partition is available</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rabfcbe34c0a548888f82a1f16ddd5435"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a1a4e67249d6545519f31c86c2961a039">high_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__abc77f38302b848ffbe0f1b6a0245793b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__aadfc105fb5a242f0ad8963af1f1484e1">Upper boundary of the partition corresponding to the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__rf760c8af11354b769a9e529bbdc88818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a00f16d82242a4c678e40f2a4fe843d99">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a36e83a4a38984a67bf99e7d98373f793">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.480000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894805__a7d7eadad236441c590c9494ddf155ab9">Tablespace name of the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0666.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0666.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..121b8159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0666.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a13e5c87876d845f696c83e0a85d141f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__b1179892931618">DBA_INDEXES</strong> displays all indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__t14af64425a6e4f509ac65c4c38486811" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__r0fa7199a8638426b9786923ac4d610dd"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__ac9f382f0eeae47e1907f23a1aec4a85a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a2c999a7dfc7b4f86b83dc61541600735">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a77b18f5237574f85986b793648ed2c42">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__rd3ed7a49151842c8b37258a73b9cbe64"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__aff4df3e86dd94c60bb30511987dd465d">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__ab5e668ee83774f16b5e52baa0e63ea53">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a614992608f0940efa352ab7cc61cd9c6">Owner of the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__r97d065a846a6485db516205609ff5801"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__ace49cd70a1aa4ea5acffb96b26b45808">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a6fc38d803dfa492db63dc0326d45fd63">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__a50c7548956e3433eb4dd16ea5bcb0319">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__row72831812185916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p1528541214596">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p728541219596">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p8285212135912">Name of the table corresponding to the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__row1604111614591"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p13604201675916">uniqueness</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p960401619597">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p156041516155919">Whether the index is a unique index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__row11381423175918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p1413862316594">generated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p2138162345918">character varying(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p21381523125913">Whether the index name is generated by the system</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__row102499278597"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p42491527135914">partitioned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p15249142785911">character(3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494901__p324914276592">Whether the index has the property of the partition table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0667.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0667.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..275c5979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0667.html
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_OBJECTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ad736b05d9da54b0687b4c330d41c4fa2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__b179154541718">DBA_OBJECTS</strong> displays all database objects in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__tf2188c32a10049159c894fa663a2df43" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__b1619611214314">DBA_OBJECTS</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__r3afbd7ae99d14d2c8c5306b7aa771d1f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a00e9e76bc0024ee58970894c23432c32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__aa82dfff4fe5741dfbad497b31e537425">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ab9e2720edc1340149621572ea921372d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__r88bc084841de4fccbdb6198177e39327"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__adfc073b03d114da7821c7e5b0140fb0a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__af63b02e440a64c04b7c0edaf753ddd28">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a9f6506b5aff54e5ca4d77b2350dc9371">Owner of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ra014d4400f8d47bab3bcb7951044232f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ab4c35fc4c6104a769882c0008ebf3d05">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ae23b38f8e8df40f9a79643e4479867a1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a41e6294cc06e406f80dd8cb3326f5fcb">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__r14fecf01c30e4fd7a2c8ef8272e15c10"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__aee3d5bd07fa74aedbcc2417d0b210b93">object_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__af5865733427c4fefbb8c06493275022c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a363a34e5090c47389aa9c6188889563d">OID of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__rbb0a966b573a48d485613b5e41b0a875"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__aee1af03a9d7f477f9edfd9bb484016ca">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a30f968c7ce2c4507ac989b776a073086">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__ab2cd723da6944a9a973c6f7648135420">Type of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__rf3a314d1cd644abbb47192aa4401c0f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a060e364e13dc47d3925702f3ca559dab">namespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__a53a645caa8d34a8a971afed7cfb645c1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__af0b4600a6df84228b716dbe31a6fccc3">Namespace containing the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__row0191175233919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p1919145253914">created</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p1419115524392">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p1919115526393">Object creation time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__row7546786418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p354648204113">last_ddl_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p195461089411">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p054610844110">The last time when an object was modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__note66651281429"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p3665202884214">For details about the value ranges of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__b18747143553015">last_ddl_time</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__b374814353303">last_ddl_time</strong>, see <a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894735__p1275718074210"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0668.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0668.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..efde4960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0668.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_PART_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a59a3a9a82bd2435c8560361f34a33af7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__b4462803614057">DBA_PART_INDEXES</strong> displays information about all partitioned table indexes in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__t40c1d82ed3de45478497572fa4f36665" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_PART_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__r9b70f876f9a543e587fd07836a71f7f7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__abb7210ab288d4c45978938ab5225d65d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__af532be9cc563488b9c7bdf40913c315e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a2ada2620e1df4f8094ac1ea1dcc7da1f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__r66459a1bd9c540c88fde3f29fce1e005"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a3f068c44351d4882823bc2bb8db23d18">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a468eb93159d7486faa7857d2401e6772">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a51d0ae8686184347a9c42589233aa7e7">Name of the owner of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__rb94d6022bfae4c49aaa32fb850085f4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a0f6baea6beee4e78a38c0c7f8de0d0ac">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__ac8d5dc72e8194117af85c42cc4da8b26">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__af7f445b53da042088477906bc3accbe5">Schema of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__r2cbaf864ebb641f4bd30ec368b2daa1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a4d4654fc9b0d49b9be55ad2262117405">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a7a222fb483724504ba84df2cc9837a9e">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a6097bed0adfe48e0aabf8b84526dee7e">Name of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__rd0fb1adf1fc24322a8a57c7a368c0dad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a2edd195640df40219a10eb51f83aa86a">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__aa1cac772808341a8be5790f99db3d749">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a8f0de92fa090416b94cba92c9703ffff">Name of the partitioned table to which the partitioned table index belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__rd824194cb4cd49f18198ac25f7b3f53e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__ad99bfdf5212843b689075be7e0942088">partitioning_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__ac3faa54878cf43efb755be7326fd5dd5">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__af7601f12a50f42a48424d437aa1d3235">Partition policy of the partitioned table</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__nb29ca66d0e484627a7304d4023133b4e"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a47fcb6147da145fa942ea865edc72906">Currently, only range partitioning is supported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__rb7ce18d9872e46a29770cfbe7c489bc0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a446e96ba7d014e519ca4bafcb4ea65c5">partition_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a1442d9d66a79495fbc4c41ba27803aaf">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a43c330cbb84b4329897d3f9d745ea2f5">Number of index partitions of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__r762b6a6efb6a4cddb4826bfa5437e8dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a35658e573a6c431bab6fcea8e9cf0639">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a57bfb61773eb47a8945386322712d717">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a6f0db6a28bae43238f3958ada51c1ba2">Tablespace name of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__r7478b76d935d409a9b09327ad4132567"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.959999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a4b42dd603c354a1c834cca2382128abc">partitioning_key_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.46%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__a762435da530141b297d63f48f69579f8">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.580000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694751__af6927e1f95784bdc9a7bbe32dbb942e6">Number of partition keys of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0669.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0669.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81b09f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0669.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_PART_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__en-us_topic_0059777891_p128719552283"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__b05752294238">DBA_PART_TABLES</strong> displays information about all partitioned tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__tbce3b90e424b4b29b791e1c43e99b861" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_PART_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__ra6f7fe548c2542658452be493cacdecb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__acc6694bd6e154653b5a9bc63d6166e95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__aa5638e5cf452458382b872fa47ad8c4d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a5554bb1ee7824232b7f312afb4f942d0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__rd7cfddf4fffc4056996c413f2093f2d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a73a4cc223d424f9283aa281dfaa6d41a">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a999c9fceac204147809cbf8e85b9b474">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a558db0ea3c45404c8c84c041b2c11c54">Name of the owner of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__rd0f01aab3bd84cab84a591cc70312f64"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a652d032d23264d3c88e945baa928f4c2">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a96b1d76f7d19453dbc37c16e5a4a3822">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__aa1c001ac85d64a48a9f8d8636b644b11">Schema of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__r1fffea0af5974c58b58b0fb1d549513e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a6a4f351872e0429bad6995dd4f76a36c">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a7642b00ab3024af28ac1dfab167a967c">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a3aaae3bb8619494d9e2b248a45b8f270">Name of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__rdafcdbd2fd9f459ab23eb3ad6d73979c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a60a3a3ec532041568b72b20ad87f89f4">partitioning_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__adc29c90aed80428fa465487e29af36eb">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a7b8d0b710dc34a3098eacdb0daa0399a">Partition policy of the partitioned table</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__n03edeb7f735f4b3093a88e4dea3edf3a"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a98e7f51955064f90bcf8a180506e0fcf">Currently, only range partitioning is supported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__r06f042ce7e0b45f4beb8d0908c7b069a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a4fb4b10de9f34b72bca136fee7afc9f3">partition_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a35b81099de1d419fb3ff301d699a85e9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__aa9e71a42e2024da3b32b0a08d36276b0">Number of partitions of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__r3c727cf4dfa24bc982539412f2c7029a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a4eb54853ec964371bb2bc15e18970de7">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__ad056610a65d54a9f90c11e787f70f2e0">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__a576ea0090baf40ef82b0e1ad9697f02c">Tablespace name of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__rb718fb095c43475f8933906b22d7d333"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.02679732026798%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__af522f04c93744cd6a8907141fa3b0ef9">partitioning_key_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.73722627737227%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__ade0aaa9ff45d45e4b3c4403072302adc">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.23597640235977%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814436__aaea3c11fde6540f3921a8f21eadcbb4b">Number of partition keys of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0670.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0670.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3aa17fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0670.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_PROCEDURES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a9e73e800dd924da298fba1bffbf5da04"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__acb30f9caabc649128c5d949b3c9cdda5">DBA_PROCEDURES</strong> displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__t84e1cc2c7cb349bb9d3ff12081b027cd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_PROCEDURES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__r5422d8afb14c44e8951488bc45a2555c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__adeb0fe7f55314b598200d62e223222d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__adcd4f485a8db4047a79d3ac2d52e45a2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__afdebb322050d41fab15aad1bf182ebf0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__rea3cbdbf23b8432491024d98a7e534dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a21c0a26e62134521a30dbaaf1bfab27b">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a34db51e4084541b184d8a4531f420b72">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__af659e614b7e44010804b0ce46a71648d">Owner of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__r5785df4d132642c7941a85177c1f95e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a8320767635e34761bbc9cf35a44069d7">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__aaa75fb9a1f71437c95dc74a7b4ece4fe">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a4fa4af969219435dad0ce05ce2f9d2ad">Name of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__rc9ab6449b6b04ef6a11074230a4e8ed5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a67b664c1bbde44968bb8c2ea3612051c">argument_number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.89%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__a716a8bbb1c78406bb416df3aef74e727">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494449__aa1c91abca33c4c9fbe134618b61f8904">Number of the input parameters in the stored procedure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0671.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0671.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f2b051c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0671.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__a67a7f3451355467582bf0b90af3ff0fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__b1366114017254">DBA_SEQUENCES</strong> displays information about all sequences in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__t4f6cbdacb426407fab35378053749ec5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__r92dc416721114769a783850ccfbc6b5c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.762976297629763%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__ac4f1cc12da864c78b51434b1d4f95281"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.9036903690369%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__a2bb57e7f1abf457d92a00418cc7a9c62">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__aab9cf2a9671c40de9e4780b97d863424">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__r512282161ddd45cf9e2a412ae741cf65"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.762976297629763%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__a786c83e7797b4218be8c6fab48277880">sequence_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.9036903690369%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__aac312991ddc0435fb23404c2e77013da">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__ab49a557c932a45af8e71d469fe80f4dd">Owner of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__r9830ab11fcda462f96a7e7ffca69bd61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.762976297629763%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__ad24971906f754b5f9ba8249082272f22">sequence_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.9036903690369%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__a5993b65bb2274b68ac6c312edcdd4cff">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974728__a30f72f18da3c4f65b2745e8b91086360">Name of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0672.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0672.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73825ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0672.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_SOURCE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__en-us_topic_0059779166_p178817720295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__b842352706154526">DBA_SOURCE</strong> displays all stored procedures or functions in the database, and it provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or functions. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__t15321d37475f48bab08df515898a3e72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_SOURCE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__r24a04b73f6bf454c94987bae7ab32ba9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a9e1e866b82834c7286124af785a89ca8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a55db7e7df7bc4c8d9a37199b1b31268e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__aaf1995b33efc4ba3adc35929853df6b3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__r81089f3dcdfe4670a4e4992c59495c31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__ac1120b064e8d472d866b198aeed2826a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a0cccf15085be471ba35c8e345383017b">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a4145d975412e4791a0168bdf7a5fde18">Owner of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__r29a86abc76464acbbd4a62183cb1fe97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a5f3078d0ff674536a55d5bdc24f726df">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a7f45df0539a446298582953508d5e869">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__aa5f54c5d6463404789da79d18e08b92e">Name of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__r504f9af374a64d279a3393b228f278b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a871111cf67054d29bd8b0e0d0a9baebe">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__add33f7499afc4aa4ab681c8a499a8873">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974742__a38dbfdc5395d49a3988bdbf8defd972f">Definition of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0673.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0673.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc06d88e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0673.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_SYNONYMS</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__b7494124413307">DBA_SYNONYMS</strong> displays all synonyms in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__table3634154317355" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__b210101273114">DBA_SYNONYMS</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row563510431354"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p12635843173511">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p3635543143513">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p4635843153516">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row26355433352"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p963513437351">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p146351843183519">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p26353431352">Owner of a synonym.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row10636104318354"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p116361435351">schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p26361343163511">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p263644313355">Name of the schema to which the synonym belongs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row563674317358"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p26365434351">synonym_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p1763612436351">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p46361431350">Synonym name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row6478539258"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p74783391851">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p1147843910517">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p164781839053">Owner of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row592015424519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p792018425511">table_schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p20920442055">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p9920542158">Schema name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__row963604333515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.72267226722672%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p186361743193517">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.71317131713171%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p76361643183514">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.56415641564157%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494979__p46361943173519">Name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0674.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0674.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f64a1278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0674.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TAB_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ab20bbac979b340c6941d7e654c68923c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__b62921037122810">DBA_TAB_COLUMNS</strong> displays the columns of tables. Each column of a table in the database has a row in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__b1990113102293">DBA_TAB_COLUMNS</strong>. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__t711674225529473d83e96a0eca222a95" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TAB_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__rda6d11e01b84465f8be7be2e749ad70f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ace1a7cad48204773a387e4fd55ed6b67"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aa44395203d5c4ceb8aefcfec7d4056ae">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a2dd62ecf36904fa8ade93650e13a9569">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__rc9ced18b41524e019a008869cce4fc0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a324362b7c4c245878d91d920a829447d">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ab1b2cd5a07884c28870358df739b758c">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a56a7fe6708de4f1ea05825cecc58b021">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__r675552fe9e6040ea8d824700680418c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a87612d1b634244618776e57866eccd0f">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a9c696e96514845cf8842b8bd542d73bd">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a56e28a0ce8014b41ac209e675eda8842">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__r81b2d4a7dc3847bfb8442ff4477f92c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a625ca8b634024a68a6ff4ec5d85dc211">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aa1574c25197f43f1992ff9e6a9e38fcf">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__afda27b2e9f6d493295399e3575473b3c">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__rcd6914fbe3d04b9b8c9c70e15e748269"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aeee3b5c5837e4d75bbb33f1b0319a898">data_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ac07ab57c8c784015840e7a6707d5aeb6">character varying(128)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ae3f6b08b34424f2ba2211699ebbbef22">Data type of the column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__r6fcbfcc995de476e9ff11113704d9737"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a800a0ea8bafd4d909107ad216905a5f6">column_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__ae6ad9eca5325413fbf60a3cd708ccce8">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aef4c958a1c1c455bab1aefbb0f54297d">Sequence number of the column when the table is created</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__r1ee14c5551ef4b129fefa18656be0d18"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a114be6b0e6274b4f9d4eafa9a4e5866e">data_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__af842917e14d14b478f380e8f088b40c6">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aff1d288c43ca41249a048ac0eaae27e1">Length of the column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__r4049866211454ba7850ae5d00bd7c27c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a05be967a8aa84998a7b55ca4d58b6139">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__aa9d5cddf43ce4145be46be9dab014dce">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__a29cc8b7685c84fe19a6171c09f04096b">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__row13553182055220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p1554420145210">avg_col_len</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p12554142012522">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p20554420205218">Average length of a column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__row78388254520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p4839125105217">nullable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p983919258529">bpchar</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p11839132525214">Whether the column can be empty. For the primary key constraint and non-null constraint, the value is n.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__row128116347528"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p1328233445220">data_precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p628214343527">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p112822348529">Indicates the precision of the data type. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type, however its value is NULL for other types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__row15323124225219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p1732354211523">data_scale</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p83231042165216">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p4323174211522">Number of decimal places. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type. For other data types, the value of this parameter is 0.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__row1887194613521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p10871124645211">char_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p68718466525">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814644__p18711946165215">Column length (in the unit of bytes) which is valid only for varchar, nvarchar2, bpchar, and char types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0675.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0675.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc686125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0675.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TAB_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553494620278"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__en-us_topic_0059779166_p178817720295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__b13369173811294">DBA_TAB_COMMENTS</strong> displays comments about all tables and views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__t15321d37475f48bab08df515898a3e72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TAB_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__r24a04b73f6bf454c94987bae7ab32ba9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a9e1e866b82834c7286124af785a89ca8">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a55db7e7df7bc4c8d9a37199b1b31268e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__aaf1995b33efc4ba3adc35929853df6b3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__r81089f3dcdfe4670a4e4992c59495c31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__ac1120b064e8d472d866b198aeed2826a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__p6773103210718">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a4145d975412e4791a0168bdf7a5fde18">Owner of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__r29a86abc76464acbbd4a62183cb1fe97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a5f3078d0ff674536a55d5bdc24f726df">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__p15685335379">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__aa5f54c5d6463404789da79d18e08b92e">Name of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__r504f9af374a64d279a3393b228f278b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a871111cf67054d29bd8b0e0d0a9baebe">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__add33f7499afc4aa4ab681c8a499a8873">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894505__a38dbfdc5395d49a3988bdbf8defd972f">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0676.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0676.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49dca363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0676.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__aa8f568ba61774e2da90a9b19ba54a60a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__b63114453321">DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS</strong> displays information about all partitions in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__t8e2f702153fc4b5bbc46d0c72e0861b9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__rf92c19e8461346dd8561228b58b357de"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a8f17cb79e94b45d2a319974ba01a254e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a2a633efe45504c08988ade0085a5967e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a1bfbc85356b649ff8a44575bceecf838">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__r8d57f13b21cc40229e276365f306416b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a49ed320a630f47b39f60d214a67ba40d">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a614d23d940504f21983f4635d5e6ffed">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a9ff1fc11885841ebb2119bbdd600f93e">Owner of the table that contains the partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__ra33ce36a4f3b43e1b28c6c6cfb464f2f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a9cc344c090634a58979a2e6c326e89fa">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__aeece61846e9542a3a545782f6e201251">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a45d54bff66f0422a9cc825baa1a63362">Schema of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__r964f16ef15434e5db7780ae094ac6153"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__aa46add315bbe4e4f9d8f4d471009ef32">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__aa05a7908005a4c2197d5261f53720b4f">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a96829cdfd9504548a5a1e7feea6f210e">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__rd1b774494a3c4df08dffc12fea7dd0f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__ac0c9ffd92e9f48ba89299eb5b9d145c9">partition_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a1516eddefd6748ed9cd86fbbe04297f9">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a961837f6495c4b8ba62c154b016a4ad4">Name of the partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__r1f18b825e9fa4f879fb2ba3e03de1b40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a729d692e4e0a480c895e4bf6d9d9cc7f">high_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a6ca641fc8a234a31930c1e5906220914">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a4a2d63e4a4d04c77882b39ef88b6e7a4">Upper boundary of the range partition and interval partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__ra700d11a2775451e9a8d0bcec359c0d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a282c34c09af74df1a2a29058c85c79b2">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a6bf2e4b2b87a44cfb1bc86a1421afb20">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894641__a5ed3dcbc96a94af5a0e0d213481215d6">Name of the tablespace that contains the partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0677.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0677.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4bfeae6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0677.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a00827c7f75144f769adee2887357a998"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b7494124413307">DBA_TABLES</strong> displays all tables in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__t26f6dbd834b04c4c84ca3849e14e770e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__r1b86c011a6904cea9702c1e92b4202e4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a6ae5234fc5c2407ba250be0d8f32b0a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__aaa1bd755fb73420fb1b59d43afc0b3e8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__abbbcbfbdfea5409f8bba4b28df482333">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__rbd995c15bee849c7a57374db2836af06"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a6a0bbb3201ae44c9bb6f7ee305f5d502">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a347107a30df14e7c968aeb2f790c8f21">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ae08fbbb5ddb948b8a2c1bb62d4d6efc2">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__rcb623e41eb3c426db3e35ef80e5aadd1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ae5aef850b4284fce8e36d345ee0ddb4e">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a6e036d7c520542e4ac220e7ed235e8e2">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__afedf6a6d274045cc88c8d58bcf5601d4">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__r4d0720457c5546c7a157746bc8d4c896"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a48f30b9c9d3349d0a78176ea2eaebbb5">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ac79f75bd3e7449bf9547205483312726">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a9221b6cb84db4dd7a533f181869c97a8">Name of the tablespace that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__r49d0d9e4f3344035a8b451c3f51931fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a17634c0300a645c998d8ba33411fb846">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ad7d0d98049ef4a99a12c9502b62eca58">character varying(8)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a1c8ea235d11e49f284f7bcae380495ef">Whether the current record is valid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__rc452ff366d5a41f8ae18f871b72b864c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a9bef16b4c32e48bbb4667483fd64ab98">temporary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__afc612282ccfe4cbda412953744e43d1d">character(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a260762d7ba6645a9b40102ab604521e6">Whether the table is a temporary table</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ul108779431312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__li187784312319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b310441733318">Y</strong> indicates that it is a temporary table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__li88782043183112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b12804193014333">N</strong> indicates that it is not a temporary table.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ra65dfe8ddc86418383a76932ab05a781"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a96aa081b76d2408e88ddd98667067c0f">dropped</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__a3276067273e84062b2befe3ece095399">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__aa0633bb43d754cc4971d87483971e778">Whether the current record is deleted</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__ul6327451133110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__li1432735118313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b52015412335">YES</strong> indicates that it is deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__li832815517319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__b1862634614333">NO</strong> indicates that it is not deleted.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__row129558185016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__p6307588505">num_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__p930858165013">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974502__p13125875019">The estimated number of rows in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0678.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0678.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..475d5595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0678.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TABLESPACES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__en-us_topic_0059779256_p838022382911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__b14121566320">DBA_TABLESPACES</strong> displays information about available tablespaces. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__t8a6abdef8e684e039bbef5414c263cc7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TABLESPACES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__r962c6181b58c4804af4981bd7acab26c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.762976297629763%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a66f36016089a49afb237aa254ba51485"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.9036903690369%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a3c409a0295d04a1cabda1ab6d1e3e5a7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a052e321a9c0e4c7fa921e5f9fb063a52">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__r90d621fcdc5c459bb82944df0fc3ce28"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.762976297629763%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a231e1485187a431eb368c3c1ae4d9fe0">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.9036903690369%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a15ed9c6c4fd74a9abf0351940ab4377a">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694881__a316eb722697a475d8b10b59d4d53a915">Name of the tablespace</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0679.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0679.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16a25f67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0679.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_TRIGGERS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a6f52302b993b419e8e11c69a538293ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__b98373853312">DBA_TRIGGERS</strong> displays information about triggers in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__t0b50b0dfebc742fbb7f5bd44ef210fb5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_TRIGGERS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__r6afb80c9cb0a490ca85e370d32b77666"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a380ac694a0ad4f9ca3211fc0869faee2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a833ee004b777478b9b09f31f305d8e34">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__af078efeebec840448c027d7e679a45d4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__rcc0e348ad96c4d3d9f20a724af50af29"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__af1aeee87cf054383a8b9bae7c8e5e497">trigger_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a4a041389e5a9412ca078127562369752">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a2fe4b38dcd4d4fdb87e35effe1803533">Trigger name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__rd76996d59e6f425cba11f2c3182a1acb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a8879331af8864e3d9428615b0c9dd839">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a18a847569952499fb981283b6ab6d539">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a8ca6ebaf35c7422d9494f4079c9da41f">Name of the table that defines the trigger</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__r6d17824a1c8b4567a8e788447dfc15ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__ac395529164ff449f9d8a42930af1a394">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a8661392b309348c096236c6dcaa92103">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134710__a1964472d368d45029c5e6ea95a507455">Owner of the table that defines the trigger</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0680.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0680.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22b99286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0680.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DBA_VIEWS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a6376f2b505ca40f7b12594e3141a3221"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__b17711109342">DBA_VIEWS</strong> displays views in the database. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__tb4b4ad478e964d0aa5d34b84a4eef2f5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DBA_VIEWS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__r3b2a5b511b514992b0373843103d0b3e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.932393239323936%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a30e03ef5b51343f980fdf0048d38c08d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.734273427342735%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__ac684d48a8e7e40808f65eb280cf314ae">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a98517a9041c04f839ef6991de4c52f8e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__r111403484454463da13ea03f6bb719a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.932393239323936%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a634e10b8a1b0410986421058b9618059">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.734273427342735%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a97970495dbb04451983a6d1918483d65">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__af9322ffaa7d3448b9143cc25530618bb">Owner of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__r36e15b090e754b0ebbab217977595e3d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.932393239323936%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a74b748a4031e49d8b5dd6d6abcc06d5d">view_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.734273427342735%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__a5ab776a68ba14c39a127978b4b1c34cc">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134640__abdf427dd61044defb724878625ab6737">View name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0681.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0681.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0bfed48c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0681.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DUAL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__en-us_topic_0059778197_p139323338299"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__b75537416354">DUAL</strong> is automatically created by the database based on the data dictionary. It has only one text column in only one row for storing expression calculation results. It is accessible to all users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__taaf1233eab5541f584e52c743cf706fe" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>DUAL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__rc4aaf6bbff2445f0afe007c670e94ca3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__ad37f1718a1d74581ad05f02b1b470e30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__a943cc69c37b24853b226c833484cd294">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__ac387a92e9a814544a487582223420b62">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__r77a81bf26f6c4d448a974148c21c2773"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__a2ddb29822991453e9c406a20d3cd1eac">dummy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__a8acd4ca60fd84c14b968b1742b86e141">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694763__a5cb83cee57cc49f691a6aa178e021fdb">Expression calculation result</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0682.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0682.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b2fa849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0682.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_REDO_STAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130311883"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572__p9454920115616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572__b66055417403">GLOBAL_REDO_STAT</strong> displays the total statistics of XLOG redo operations on all nodes in a cluster. Except the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572__b12587716104216">avgiotim</strong> column (indicating the average redo write time of all nodes), the names of the other columns in this view are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0856.html">PV_REDO_STAT</a> view. The respective meanings of the other columns are the sum of the values of the same columns in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572__b1422261164417">PV_REDO_STAT</strong> view on each node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974572__p257075611556">This view is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0683.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0683.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..094fb7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0683.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974640"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974640"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083615206"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974640__p4748435237"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974640__b1819355813451">GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT</strong> displays the total disk I/O statistics of all nodes in a cluster. The name of each column in this view is the same as that in the <a href="dws_04_0691.html">GS_REL_IOSTAT</a> view, but the column meaning is the sum of the value of the same column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974640__b12896534184716">GS_REL_IOSTAT</strong> view on each node. This view is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0684.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0684.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..272ce0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0684.html
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130397493"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1662716311305"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b131662271327">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</strong> displays the status and statistics of databases on all nodes in a cluster.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ul542117385304"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__li5422638193013">When you query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b118169169316">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</strong> view on a CN, the respective values of all columns returned, except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b520112181417">stats_reset</strong> (indicating the status reset time on the current CN), are the sum of values on related nodes in the cluster. Note that the sum range varies depending on the logical meaning of each column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b731761119617">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</strong> view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__li18422193803015">When you query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b07971941968">GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE</strong> view on a DN, the query result is the same as that in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__t629997705f6f4eda9fb27156cc969c88">Table 1</a>.</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__t629997705f6f4eda9fb27156cc969c88"></a><a name="t629997705f6f4eda9fb27156cc969c88"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__t629997705f6f4eda9fb27156cc969c88" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rb54b76944ad149e6bcc783186a20157a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a95f7e4f31c534d349b08e064bc0dc740">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__acb35a2d4452c4b229d66ab35409dd3f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__aa248297c2b444bd3ac6226813cf0dd83">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p20374511299">Sum Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rc85b3aec06864ffd8846de27dd8e3c7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ad34ef8bc4191401fadb3a5465950b6bb">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a9b266ce9cd6b4ff0a1883f4a38acf69d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__add19e573cac64dbb9f72870baa017175">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p12374131102913">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rd48e59c7c6e143a688170dfe32e8ba50"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a6abe57158e0a459ca14d9e8ed56bb4ee">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a2a635c95b4fa40fca4ad7410fb1565b6">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a9039af5fe9b24728b1a0f7b2680a5df5">Database name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p16374161162920">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r740428d8e0504bdd8c0c18f5e117e12e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a7cd94efbcdad48658e9a6355a338a334">numbackends</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__abace4e4740094b58a7b1021a0e91e163">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ac1f32c265ae74e8bbc6214bb8bcb02da">Number of backends currently connected to this database on the current node. This is the only column in this view that reflects the current state value. All columns return the accumulated value since the last reset.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p54817363297">CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rebc87812437a421aa1c580614b773e95"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a903e031f44184ac38d09f9ab82c14162">xact_commit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a516ed809947249da97f5c08958929294">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a0d819435f3ed47579b378bb962303667">Number of transactions in this database that have been committed on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1948436112911">CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r1eb31779f4504b598811cf58256c63d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__aa85c0da18bfc4672ae05159c2271e005">xact_rollback</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a92911a08d94d409e8514ceddd95d91e3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a57c160118f0342f0a68b545700a94918">Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1048123622910">CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r9217a2cfed914a6c918b514ed473a3d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a00b5de8199484e1da6b0f70fd3ecc96d">blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a05e2e6a712b7402889176fec1c9216ec">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ae62fdccf606a418ca1b7ee5e6c4c0235">Number of disk blocks read in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p648193615294">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r647ae50de4b04164beda977bac40203a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a0997efbf00144901a63d719c4d68154d">blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__abd1481b5cdbb42af94c2a64ebd9687a2">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__abfb5ea52e6c7404da7cc8bb27a2998e4">Number of disk blocks found in the buffer cache on the current node, that is, the number of blocks hit in the cache. (This only includes hits in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__text1493415811543">GaussDB(DWS)</span> buffer cache, not in the file system cache.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1748136122911">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rc9ba81f9867b4960a275c77361807d96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a32ce700348314cfb9fb36a084ade91ee">tup_returned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ac0f399efecd84916a846b2e74f659233">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a9811632f011c41f6adbd6d6716cf2d2f">Number of rows returned by queries in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p148143615299">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r30d5f0667c7843f0b875ccd892bf631a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a14f6130172b24d07b246c3fbc0bdec4b">tup_fetched</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a570f9189b9c74e818ad65364b671d559">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a2a271c510c0f45b89beee0521894c30d">Number of rows fetched by queries in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p94973672910">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r428699d05ac44fe5bb698ee2ad723f15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a25678c8f8c144751aedf127e6ccc3881">tup_inserted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ac8fcdf9f63714eec907298bcc1f05d7e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a7e4d43c116944ee9b1f445f24890f15a">Number of rows inserted in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1549133632911">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r2107bf9faeb94cf2a2637cca34a33a70"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a7ca03d36c1d045378b32b7ffff83b87e">tup_updated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ad6c074bf365c41788753cb90790959cb">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a71e7e7dde716420db68b9eeb08cee9e5">Number of rows updated in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p64917360291">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r3026565685744f9b9183c65cc708c188"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a923bfd41970d4596b4766bb86c6543a6">tup_deleted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a8749bb4025f9466db5ba6731a2646072">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__af49e49bd50a34db2843d79082885375f">Number of rows deleted from this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p124923682920">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rff69066a6fcd4dc18a13c185cbf9b602"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a3b2389fc05834a91bf293808f9eb10dc">conflicts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a8f624feb13e347e0a44e4b8e77fd9dbc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a19e28432e45a46a8b51d3deb98bf3c2a">Number of queries canceled due to database recovery conflicts on the current node (conflicts occurring only on the standby server). For details, see <a href="dws_04_0762.html">PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p3498364295">CN and DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r59ae04efcffd4cb2815c9fc0c7a57bcd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a85f10f1c7e4d4f85a85007d80e665f41">temp_files</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a2bccc88cc3da494499157adc392137e0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a96c855e896274f40992ccb2d5c0d18ae">Number of temporary files created by this database on the current node. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (for example, sorting or hashing), and regardless of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b9515163119194">log_temp_files</strong> setting.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p7492367299">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r04e645ca714345cda6f4e87754bf997c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a7516864db2ea48ff99380f40884d1bf4">temp_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__aa1f914851ba645d59605b857cb217a1f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a0907a338821d4d8c8aa7408004d19952">Size of temporary files written to this database on the current node. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__b1902837172114">log_temp_files</strong> setting.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p1549436172915">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r530dd0a274d34cf5bd459de5c5378e8a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ad22c11f1b40a446baa9b3bb02cb33bd0">deadlocks</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a5f4878c0714449008d6a69dd844eabc4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a42438bc52bb54737aae7f80399ee5901">Number of deadlocks in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p204953610294">CN and DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r929a571bcf1540b1a2d3107742cfd024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ac4d49bd961954794aaeb54a132e32acf">blk_read_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a03eeacc59e974c3d8adb542b80f226f0">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__aaa5c3a92ed3844619fc78a8cc4be3974">Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database on the current node, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p149536122920">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__r7caeedb82aac4639ad0ac0b96def9bb2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a2f20205cdfdc459a8d9555e83fabf045">blk_write_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__af48c2967c4ab4448a06de82bee6d2700">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a85ffba5d79a246e1b57305296fb3bcaa">Time spent writing into data file blocks by backends in this database on the current node, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p7507367297">DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__rfc763719ed76421ea9f3ea7ca1773414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__ac9a4bb4277114e94afe2b7a3ba0b051f">stats_reset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a032410f30fc54f54a809043f51c84874">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__a7182e0873049487eadeb1d603aababb3">Time when the database statistics are reset on the current node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814462__p6376410293">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0685.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0685.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</h1>
+<div id="body1578647607411"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b271135914338">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b1512475920384">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b1457110173914">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b343134123917">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b5390171253917">DELETE</strong> statements and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__table15131136684" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b84711248357">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row113836489"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p141413361689">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p17142364810">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p111418361810">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row18147361784"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p1314536981">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p81416361288">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p1143366810">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row31412361580"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p014636786">select_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p1214436789">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p14156367818">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b19360657173915">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row3154361982"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p20151836889">update_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p19151361485">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p51517361987">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b145034510390">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row71533610819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p14151136181">insert_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p31515361086">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p515203620818">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b71621246113919">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row1915193615811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p1415133618810">delete_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p16150361985">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p1015936987">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b0623202403913">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row181518361387"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p10159361812">ddl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p2155361588">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p71520361481">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b114571030153911">DDL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row16331121131010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p933721191011">dml_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p234112111101">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p8342021161012">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b2074353403912">DML</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__row11515256105"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p20151325141014">dcl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p31511825151018">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__p5151925191011">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694855__b1998653912397">DCL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body1578647607412"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b1130131719147">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in all workload Cgroups in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, average, and total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b11825317144">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b12631639161417">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b1858314559146">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b118908218152">DELETE</strong> statements. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__table991091311370" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b199477472362">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row1910213113713"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p891011343715">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p391181312379">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p179111813103711">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row291161343720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p2911141393712">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1391131311379">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p291111135377">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row14911713133715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p18907134714148">total_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p139115137375">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p814611507147">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b9937169201819">SELECT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row865082410399"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1390604718142">max_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p17650424113914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p131451503147">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b5673174081810">SELECT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row1856242117391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p690514715141">min_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1656211214395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1114513507145">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b9772163114197">SELECT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row16171519143913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p3904194741411">avg_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p5171419163917">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p11144050121415">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b0121444181915">SELECT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row1241918143919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p119039473146">total_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p542098193912">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p14143115011144">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b119424792018">UPDATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row1150012153912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p8902194710146">max_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p171509128395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p15141950151418">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b1690618426207">UPDATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row10911121313715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1488024712145">min_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1791141312378">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p16140650121417">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b2935758122013">UPDATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row144016536152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p10401353131513">avg_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p14015539159">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p140195315152">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b61131394214">UPDATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row2475856181514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p20475155618155">total_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p12475205661512">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p14751356201516">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b1576631122115">INSERT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row566014591152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1166015911514">max_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p17660185911513">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p9660195921511">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b15481349182118">INSERT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row1482443191619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1282443101615">min_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p2082443161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p2824153201611">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b196881604228">INSERT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row129051116160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p690611115169">avg_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p10906111161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p5906201191615">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b5625614192219">INSERT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row14524448181610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1652510483169">total_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p552514488168">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p45251848101612">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b1699783132214">DELETE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row147971351111618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p0798185151610">max_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p179855114162">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p379845171615">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b8317545162214">DELETE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row15464958111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p184641458191612">min_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p1646595816165">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p14465135831620">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b9568659172210">DELETE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__row092812545162"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p10928135491616">avg_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p159281554121618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__p11928155415169">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134824__b2954115232">DELETE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0687.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0687.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6359c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0687.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130460119"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p15907122681415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__b13438135022611">GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</strong> provides the total transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs in the cluster. This view is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. It is valid only when the real-time resource monitoring function is enabled, that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__b146634363286">enable_resource_track</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__b988181462816">on</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p18634774158">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p76351475154">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p16355741518">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p16635137111510">commit_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p563597161513">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p1263513771516">Total number of submission times on each CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p10635171158">rollback_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p2063527161517">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p1963514711513">Total number of rollback times on each CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__ra3bccb8528cd408aa54f8e30557c0359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p18635972154">resp_min</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p196361273158">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p136367711513">Minimum response time of the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__rd7538143f1a648d2ae003ee563237226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p156361874151">resp_max</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p1063619751514">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p76365731513">Maximum response time of the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__ra831355d65f64e7b92f51f84021f4947"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p2637777152">resp_avg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p186377711515">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p1863767141515">Average response time on each CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__rdb4c5c3a41fb4325a8c11787c3af82b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p363717751517">resp_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p86373717156">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814427__p663714719153">Total response time on each CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0688.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0688.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2aaaf173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0688.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1514873452695"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p13111112719526"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__b8423527069951">GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO</strong> displays all Cgroup information in a database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_ALL_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a8f18d3f0e5cd44d096020df47ca28e00">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__aecd744296d7d4b0397b2fe1fd923b6bf">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a8579d68414bb40968ecb2f54fd50bfa3">Name of the Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ad7f3b45edf4748ef8bf45be74968b4ac">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a0b778f8c6817439484fd5f0cb1d91e8b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__abd4a7662d8784ec1890fd6e25a2ce17d">Type of the Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a09bb26374b104b3fb29bbe2a80ef226a">gid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__abe1aa36777e444c48c10c68dea6d28bd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a08d938eccee84d42b9018a66f6b6784c">Cgroup ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ra3bccb8528cd408aa54f8e30557c0359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ac1f1c391b720448fb6cff2861dc151b6">classgid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p84741447191914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a83dfda58a9ac418fab57f167cd4a8244">ID of the Class Cgroup to which a Workload belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__rd7538143f1a648d2ae003ee563237226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__adad82d644319412cb3a8d9cb60daa836">class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a0a0c18f59f1a47bdb17413bbe1716f3a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a2fe293248c694ffd9fe3f04bdf3a3f6d">Class Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ra831355d65f64e7b92f51f84021f4947"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a71cd5950d6ef4ea888015a515726ccf1">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a9193af9c57084a81b157fec2c2935f90">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a8900dd32319f4d53937621db1727f5cf">Workload Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__rdb4c5c3a41fb4325a8c11787c3af82b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ab44539456dc4418bbfdc32a89a1f2851">shares</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a17a7c300ce604cd380d8340e5bfa63c3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__aad54cacd015d4619bf9acb9cb4736cd3">CPU quota allocated to a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__r47bd7dff24334c239af7266eeeb52c2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a97cfc7c8c5c8412aa7b03489d5df0b8a">limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__ac0400ce695b945b89702ff50805ac554">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__a04d603fa66434a178026e29847b76f40">Limit of CPUs allocated to a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__row5504610171814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p105051710131812">wdlevel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p20505010181817">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p25051510141815">Workload Cgroup level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__row15968121961816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p149683193188">cpucores</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p14968519121811">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894959__p19681196183">Usage of CPU cores in a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0689.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0689.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c19e3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0689.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1514018071208"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__aaa79692b4cb749f892f1fb59104eafe9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__b842352706154913">GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO</strong> displays a DN resource summary.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__t62199aecefb5433591800e03cd554d46" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r96ea71997e054d338a0411ba8d1de2bb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a1a8fbf168df349a2ae9fbf0a4d9dc6c6">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a641904bad5bc4554996c75f671e511cf">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__ab02f5b489a694c8882333922fe66b77e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r5b21d7c7fc1e49a6a3c63af27c780440"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a863e490b039342188768d60d1eee3ba5">min_mem_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a7bf4d70a7cd54740a387cc72df62e60f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a07300dc6310e431a84d8ad1dbcf327ad">Minimum memory usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r7a2e4756c22841b8872b5a1e6309f9c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__abb89357b2b5d4669b28665c933254078">max_mem_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a0dc08b6b89674b0988a2c29a8e65333f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a9a9d4c240623427fa9344ab517f4dc93">Maximum memory usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__rbf30cae4dcb54c93a6dd1728a44bfe3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a07c2479fe4914760bec57f735b1f8c45">min_cpu_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__adfc5351bb5da4d8f9a8a5895356b99f7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a0ed62667b1424af3b93c95cafc4c6ae2">Minimum CPU usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r58dd91d73a8d4a1aa65701ce14c9d03c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a53903dd75ee04f9bb3baafe785947881">max_cpu_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__acc53cf9622dd4fd8921d9bc9ab89b1c9">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a1c18577d9a0749fc861a0a89251d294d">Maximum CPU usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r78e650f3e64f42229f7d81bf2a91fe41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__aa02e3e7f8d6f488185628eb65144b940">min_io_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a424236775492496fb5a77184eb4a81f1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__abd96ee1b5d5042378aa4612f4daedb0b">Minimum I/O usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r5eb81b48342647c1bde5e7742493b14c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a63cabd20b47f49a68c9cea20f89c2e64">max_io_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a7f6a99466949412d9215d2b138763750">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a8943dc42a2b740c4b74634698ca8336a">Maximum I/O usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__r5c347288561740e9b866bbf9e992f8a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a5f6755d2ad294607bf759cdf79a59aee">used_mem_rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a4c6b557e05884684ab9bc5e4fb9cebde">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814677__a6d893d7543134e27a5bae519e29a82d6">Maximum physical memory usage</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</h1>
+<div id="body1578646433480"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__section95168461471"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Unique SQL Definition</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p2047705317711">The database parses each received SQL text string and generates an internal parsing tree. The database traverses the parsing tree and ignores constant values in the parsing tree. In this case, an integer value is calculated using a certain algorithm. This integer is used as the Unique SQL ID to uniquely identify this type of SQL. SQLs with the same Unique SQL ID are called Unique SQLs.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__section1095316139818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__section1095316139818"></a><a name="section1095316139818"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p190910191885">Assume that the user enters the following SQL statements in sequence:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__screen8744435283">select * from t1 where id = 1;
+select * from t1 where id = 2;</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p592192312198">The statistics of the two SQL statements are aggregated to the same Unique SQL statement.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__screen1451118195920">select * from t1 where id = ?;</pre>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__section11467164161018"><h4 class="sectiontitle">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL View</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p0354139184">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b1799152919264">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> view displays the execution information about the Unique SQL statements collected by the current node, including:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__ul1571854111820"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li357116541189">Unique SQL ID and normalized SQL text string. The normalized SQL text is described in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__section1095316139818">Examples</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li95712549189">Number of execution times (number of successful execution times) and response time (SQL execution time in the database, including the maximum, minimum, and total time)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li7571954121818">Cache/IO information, including the number of physical reads and logical reads of a block. Only information about successfully executed SQL statements on each DN is collected. The statistical value is related to factors such as the amount of data processed during query execution, used memory, whether the query is executed for multiple times, memory management policy, and whether there are other concurrent queries. The statistical value reflects the number of physical reads and logical reads of the buffer block in the entire query execution process. The statistical value may vary according to the execution time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li4571145411186">Row activities, such as the number of returned rows, updated rows, inserted rows, deleted rows, sequentially scanned rows, and randomly scanned rows in the result set of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b0670196143111">SELECT</strong> statement. Except that the number of rows returned by the result set is the same as the number of rows in the result set of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b9174181294713">SELECT</strong> statement and is recorded only on the CN, the activity information of other rows is recorded on the DN. The statistical value reflects the row activities during the entire query execution process, including scanning and modifying related system catalogs, metadata tables, and data tables. The value of this parameter is related to the data volume and related parameter settings. That is, the statistical value is greater than or equal to the scanning and modification times of actual data tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li1257155461818">Time distribution, including DB_TIME/CPU_TIME/EXECUTION_TIME/PARSE_TIME/PLAN_TIME/REWRITE_TIME/PL_EXECUTION_TIME/PL_COMPILATION_TIME/NET_SEND_TIME/DATA_IO_TIME. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__table1350052261017">Table 1</a>. The information is collected on both CNs and DNs and is displayed during view query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li13571154101815">Number of soft and hard parsing times, such as the number of soft parsing times (cache plan) and hard parsing times (generation plan). If the cache plan is executed this time, the number of soft parsing times increases by 1. If the generation plan is regenerated this time, the number of hard parsing times increases by 1. This number is counted on both CNs and DNs and is displayed during view query.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p841744112140">The Unique SQL statistics function has the following restrictions:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__ul1363474171518"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li8635154120157">Detailed statistics are displayed only for successfully executed SQL statements. Otherwise, only query, node, and user information are recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li19949155551517">Based on the Unique SQL ID generation algorithm, different IDs may be generated when the same SQL statement is executed on different nodes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li274919261105">If the Unique SQL statistics function is enabled, the CN collects statistics on all received queries, including tool and user queries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li249155118168">If an SQL statement contains multiple SQL statements or similar stored procedures, a Unique SQL statement is generated for the outermost SQL statement. The statistics of all sub-SQL statements are summarized to the Unique SQL record.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li15714164305712">The response time statistics of Unique SQL does not include the time of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b1699712612711">NET_SEND_TIME</strong> phase. Therefore, there is no comparison between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b13912193218275">EXECUTION_TIME</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b6955153716270">elapse_time</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__li57673752718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b43409423611">parse_time</strong> of clauses cannot be calculated for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b362018284379">begin;...;commit</strong> and similar transaction blocks.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1117122211011">When a common user accesses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b164991118292">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> view, only the Unique SQL information about the user is displayed. When an administrator accesses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b8224831142911">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL </strong>view, all Unique SQL information about the current node is displayed. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b13611013301">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> view can be queried on both CNs and DNs. The DN displays the Unique SQL statistics of the local node, and the CN displays the complete Unique SQL statistics of the local node. That is, the CN collects the Unique SQL execution information of the CN from other CNs and DNs and displays the information. You can query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b18930162419317">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> view to locate the top SQL statements that consume different resources, providing a basis for cluster performance optimization and maintenance.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__table1350052261017"></a><a name="table1350052261017"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__table1350052261017" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b6592956894">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row9500522141017"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p12500622171013">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p16500122211101">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p16500172231014">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1650052251011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p450132211011">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p205011222106">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p850142213100">Name of the CN that receives SQL statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row19501822161019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p205012229103">node_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1550142291011">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p850142213109">Node ID, which is the same as the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b15418326173215">node_id</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b12897103012329">pgxc_node</strong> table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1050113222106"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p850152216101">user_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1250111226102">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p7501122213100">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1150172220104"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p10501112291010">user_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p650182210101">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1550152241010">User ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row12501722151014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p155018223102">unique_sql_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1750162212104">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p165017220103">Normalized Unique SQL ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1650142220108"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1850182219100">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p105011322191016">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1050112224103">Normalized SQL text. The maximum length is equal to the value of the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b7660183133815">track_activity_query_size</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row135011822171013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p150192281016">n_calls</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p950112220102">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p150118225102">Number of successful execution times</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row0276998618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p102765916611">min_elapse_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p20276291568">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p12761097611">Minimum running time of the SQL statement in the database (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row20525461763"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p11525106766">max_elapse_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p75253612617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p19525869617">Maximum running time of SQL statements in the database (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row5346127617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p143461922612">total_elapse_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1346321066">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p9346628619">Total running time of SQL statements in the database (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row8858051251"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p188582051552">n_returned_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p5858145119518">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p985875114518">Row activity - Number of rows in the result set returned by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b1426555620330">SELECT</strong> statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row083817581252"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p19838135810516">n_tuples_fetched</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p3838158851">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p17838358653">Row activity - Randomly scan rows (column-store tables/foreign tables are not counted.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1334615558516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p133462551515">n_tuples_returned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p934685518512">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p73471755158">Row activity - Sequential scan rows (Column-store tables/foreign tables are not counted.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row43015330612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1630143318612">n_tuples_inserted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1301633968">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p143015332610">Row activity - Inserted rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row66914517618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1969245767">n_tuples_updated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p13701945263">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p17704458614">Row activity - Updated rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row9236194217614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p122361142362">n_tuples_deleted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p32360421968">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p323674214612">Row activity - Deleted rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row7355539361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p73551939562">n_blocks_fetched</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p535516391060">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1035513911612">Block access times of the buffer, that is, physical read/I/O</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1321718361162"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p82174361615">n_blocks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p321753614618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p621793612616">Block hits of the buffer, that is, logical read/cache</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1497179874"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p18972094718">n_soft_parse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p698392711">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p5988915719">Number of soft parsing times (cache plan)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row3705181810719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1470519181678">n_hard_parse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p370515181076">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p18706131814714">Number of hard parsing times (generation plan)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1814410154713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1614451513719">db_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p201441015270">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p10144515774">Valid DB execution time, including the waiting time and network sending time. If multiple threads are involved in query execution, the value of<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b79353257382"> DB_TIME</strong> is the sum of<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__b1428784763814"> DB_TIME</strong> of multiple threads (unit: μs).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row1450233375"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p45193312714">cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p351203311719">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p125115337710">CPU execution time, excluding the sleep time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row13618360718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p103611361873">execution_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p736133617712">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1136163620714">SQL execution time in the query executor, DDL statements, and statements (such as Copy statements) that are not executed by the executor are not counted (unit: μs).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row108684412076"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p78681411079">parse_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p886894117711">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1686816411471">SQL parsing time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row4151639779"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p215439771">plan_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1515239777">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p11518391676">SQL generation plan time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row551719128717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p10517412571">rewrite_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p12517171220713">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p9517111220711">SQL rewriting time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row11587059671"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p55871259675">pl_execution_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p958716591778">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p958713591076">Execution time of the plpgsql procedural language function (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row483228813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p183327815">pl_compilation_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p208352983">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p98311213818">Compilation time of the plpgsql procedural language function (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row81665161882"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1716619162820">net_send_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p116616161820">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p4166191615810">Network time, including the time spent by the CN in sending data to the client and the time spent by the DN in sending data to the CN (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__row181954191988"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p71950191488">data_io_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p131959190810">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134480__p1619514196810">File I/O time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0691.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0691.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3144bd9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0691.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_REL_IOSTAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130198393"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p779631671713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__b12107112183113">GS_REL_IOSTAT</strong> displays disk I/O statistics on the current node. In the current version, only one page is read or written in each read or write operation. Therefore, the number of read/write times is the same as the number of pages.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__t040035450d4b45e184c38e8adde2f196" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_REL_IOSTAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__r82f1e9e6ba8a432fa0505ca1baae5bf4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__ad0171ec93e304971b233fbb24c8c9ca2">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__ac3db39da9f5e4d2b9ac752c962df9bab">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__a66dd18c864c54a9ea594b9565b475aec">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__rc5c6e84192e340e8a4ec24977eb442c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p894516457173">phyrds</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p14945114513171">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p694684511718">Number of disk reads</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__rf45f33f15d924ef58db549cb570c3e44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p9946174520175">phywrts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p7946174513175">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p194694520174">Number of disk writes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__r3832b3d187c84b9dbdc3d7fcaaddaf1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p7946174510171">phyblkrd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p99461245101714">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p1694624518178">Number of read pages</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__r780ecffa22eb41b19e125c368a2f51c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p12946194561713">phyblkwrt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p794614456177">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694839__p0946545191712">Number of written pages</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0692.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0692.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a27281b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0692.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494703"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494703"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130297303"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494703__p5350121841814">The GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME view provides the reset time of statistics on the current node and returns the timestamp with the time zone. For details, see the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494703__b064532614216">get_node_stat_reset_time()</strong> function in "Functions and Operators &gt; System Administration Functions &gt; Other Functions" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494703__i67961425212">SQL Syntax.</em></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0693.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0693.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b0494f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0693.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__aaa79692b4cb749f892f1fb59104eafe9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__b842352706164353">GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS</strong> displays load management information about CPU usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__t62199aecefb5433591800e03cd554d46" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r96ea71997e054d338a0411ba8d1de2bb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a1a8fbf168df349a2ae9fbf0a4d9dc6c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a641904bad5bc4554996c75f671e511cf">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__ab02f5b489a694c8882333922fe66b77e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r5b21d7c7fc1e49a6a3c63af27c780440"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a863e490b039342188768d60d1eee3ba5">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a7bf4d70a7cd54740a387cc72df62e60f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a07300dc6310e431a84d8ad1dbcf327ad">OID of the database this backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r7a2e4756c22841b8872b5a1e6309f9c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__abb89357b2b5d4669b28665c933254078">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a0dc08b6b89674b0988a2c29a8e65333f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a9a9d4c240623427fa9344ab517f4dc93">Name of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__rbf30cae4dcb54c93a6dd1728a44bfe3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a07c2479fe4914760bec57f735b1f8c45">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__adfc5351bb5da4d8f9a8a5895356b99f7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a0ed62667b1424af3b93c95cafc4c6ae2">ID of a backend process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r58dd91d73a8d4a1aa65701ce14c9d03c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a53903dd75ee04f9bb3baafe785947881">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__acc53cf9622dd4fd8921d9bc9ab89b1c9">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a1c18577d9a0749fc861a0a89251d294d">Time when the statement starts to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r78e650f3e64f42229f7d81bf2a91fe41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__aa02e3e7f8d6f488185628eb65144b940">min_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a424236775492496fb5a77184eb4a81f1">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__abd96ee1b5d5042378aa4612f4daedb0b">Minimum CPU time of the statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r5eb81b48342647c1bde5e7742493b14c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a63cabd20b47f49a68c9cea20f89c2e64">max_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a7f6a99466949412d9215d2b138763750">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a8943dc42a2b740c4b74634698ca8336a">Maximum CPU time of the statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r5c347288561740e9b866bbf9e992f8a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a5f6755d2ad294607bf759cdf79a59aee">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a4c6b557e05884684ab9bc5e4fb9cebde">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a6d893d7543134e27a5bae519e29a82d6">Total CPU time of the statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__r5be90f13a6ae489aa1b6a49d52bab2ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a1663ca7e94a844639b14c43c4872e5ce">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__a28f98cc59f2b412483e499bb5d24b42a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__ad5700c39983544f186b17fba60ef0b14">Statement that is being executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__row4739252163715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__p1873905216375">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__p173905219371">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134908__p3739175203712">Logical cluster of the user running the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0694.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0694.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c808644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0694.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__af05c91e7db9d4d468501aed71a3c60a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b842352706164353">GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS</strong> displays load management information about memory usage of ongoing complex jobs executed by the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__t788181c2deff441ebdc8323ba161a538" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__rad75d299f8b5463a87b2d0daf0a3c403"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a116527ab20444e6d9860174f3c1a7951"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a6030bb975a64474fafd3698a215a36e4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ac48d4bb5a60044b59e69cc2248520aaa">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__rc1017e522df54950a7cba16e0f396dd2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a442bd4bdb35e41ed97f1b7def5450a70">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a80d3ba4583304535b45f7b971fc8bac8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__afb1a3351a2d24920a946e54e1414e8c1">OID of the database this backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__r31814844295d481c91d638b8435cd395"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__adeaf23a9484c48f4b7c37148b6524218">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ad39cccec4ef8493b8e450872ee7b606c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a1573a9b02b164749a6a2b2d9821f774f">Name of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__r9f2fe864ad224f39b131072f05668109"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a20064637264e4bb5b6eb2f56c1b1284d">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a5c5680d8add34948819b5ed4ea9bb50a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a15b81b5082bb42338bf419e85fca8173">ID of a backend process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__r34bb355baa644dfe8ec87ee704589052"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a792e1e56957842838e2dcf9613946924">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a0d52361cbbb54a99b1370d889bbb4430">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a3ec11001a01a4366b9c0dc0ec9ac220e">Time when the statement starts to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__rf019f05d5f7c415596391bd0bcc1cf78"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a08be2ee59e174ed398f37a84fa2127e2">min_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a5d812a9d1cf24aa3b6e41a544f5a3d9a">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ae24e8dab4f3741bc8e3711d804ea3c44">Minimum memory peak of a statement across all DNs, in MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__r9599dcbe3cf0410d9983517daeddbb7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a76fde75866f94bdca0136e9e95e75d35">max_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ab4df4c9d74f7409d8a95d23718769f61">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a6bf12860bf514ffc93246d4575ac61c9">Maximum memory peak of a statement across all DNs, in MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__r53a25e4e2e9e44b9894a2bf77195b1f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__acdb38b6711e74b188b6a161ff67f6f40">spill_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a1219bd87b36b4ddc911347322eaaf566">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ad09d2e4405db4a8988c6bc1d5cade6ea">Information about statement flushing into disks on DNs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a551e109075bd4f32b43c0b64d34aa329"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b842352706145131">None</strong> indicates that the statement has not been flushed to disks on any DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a0982822b6e664c008dd4260d0d209cef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b84235270614533">All</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on every DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a949635a3eb234d1eb92c111d380fd918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b842352706145438">[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__i842352697145434">a</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b842352706145437">:</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__i842352697145432">b</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__b842352706145441">]</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__i842352697145515">a</em> of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__i84235269714557">b</em> DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__rf651ab806e89489f959d5c2daa26f762"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__a31cdd61434c7463ab20d4c62992e31fd">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ae4005190b50741119bf094b23ad61528">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__ac076605e34b74b02ab0992480e6e2777">Statement that is being executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__row154664212341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__p646772133417">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__p44671211349">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974564__p8467629348">Logical cluster of the user running the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0695.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0695.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73e7e5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0695.html
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_SQL_COUNT</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427336"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1864041713288"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b144713489372">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> displays statistics about the five types of statements (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1428411534011">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b5114141854018">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b37161820144010">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b191124237401">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b18398132611404">MERGE INTO</strong>) executed on the current node of the database, including the number of execution times, response time (the maximum, minimum, average, and total response time of the other four types of statements except the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b132281659164018">MERGE INTO</strong> statement, in microseconds), and the number of execution times of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b12847141012415">DDL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b111841613154114">DML</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b513181874118">DCL statements</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p16257185016596">The classification of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b9267300412">DDL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b482011321419">DML</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b151241737204115">DCL</strong> statements in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b31361044164116">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> view is slightly different from that of the SQL syntaxt. The details are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__ul44450337416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__li2445103316419">User-related statements, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1149820954314">CREATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b19335131294320">ALTER</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b17261616164319">DROP USER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b92371220124315">CREATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b416611237432">ALTER</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b321827184314">DROP ROLE</strong>, are of the DCL type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__li3445153314115">Transaction-related statements such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b15497338134311">BEGIN</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b381217408433">COMMIT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b939510469437">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1924204913436">ROLLBACK</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b13104145234315">SAVEPOINT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b109211455124313">START</strong> are of the DCL type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__li3446153320410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b17101216174414">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION</strong> is equivalent to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b226162324416">SELECT pg_terminate_backend()</strong> statement and is of the DML type.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1424455104615">The classification of other statements is similar to the definition in the SQL syntax.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1292104816578">When a common user queries the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1576875811215">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> view, only the statistics of this user in the current node can be viewed. When a user with the administrator permissions queries the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b114656122320">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> view, the statistics of all users in the current node can be viewed. When the cluster or the node is restarted, the statistics are cleared and the counting restarts. The counting is based on the number of queries received by the node, including the queries performed inside the cluster. Statistics about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b188619716274">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> view are collected only on CNs, and SQL statements sent from other CNs are not collected. No result is returned when you query the view on a DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711"></a><a name="t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_SQL_COUNT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" id="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a8f18d3f0e5cd44d096020df47ca28e00">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__aecd744296d7d4b0397b2fe1fd923b6bf">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a8579d68414bb40968ecb2f54fd50bfa3">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__ad7f3b45edf4748ef8bf45be74968b4ac">user_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a0b778f8c6817439484fd5f0cb1d91e8b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__abd4a7662d8784ec1890fd6e25a2ce17d">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a09bb26374b104b3fb29bbe2a80ef226a">select_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__abe1aa36777e444c48c10c68dea6d28bd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a08d938eccee84d42b9018a66f6b6784c">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b675984204717">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__ra3bccb8528cd408aa54f8e30557c0359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__ac1f1c391b720448fb6cff2861dc151b6">update_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p84741447191914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a83dfda58a9ac418fab57f167cd4a8244">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b4333987472">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__rd7538143f1a648d2ae003ee563237226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__adad82d644319412cb3a8d9cb60daa836">insert_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a0a0c18f59f1a47bdb17413bbe1716f3a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__a2fe293248c694ffd9fe3f04bdf3a3f6d">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1216671174710">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row15968121961816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p149683193188">delete_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p2024402715226">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p18745636192217">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1287816302472">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row73471081672"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p634812817715">mergeinto_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p14348381716">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p10348158074">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b14374144418476">MERGE INTO</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row2157839144813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p171585398484">ddl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p18158103915487">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p12158143915485">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b155511488475">DDL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row967818155114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1767915814517">dml_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p667908165115">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p36791189519">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b18180355134718">DML</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row367311125115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p86731611165118">dcl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1967391113514">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p11673511155110">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b88949593472">DCL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row269910515113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p187008565111">total_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p4700185135117">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p9700165125116">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b612610574814">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row121091727517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p171108220513">avg_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p711002115116">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1111015255115">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b15723132284812">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1979318212505"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p197941720502">max_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p7794182155010">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1879418265011">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b568931134814">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row98611147501"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p786151416506">min_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p108620148507">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1861214135015">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b11342239154814">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1265234810522"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p5653174817525">total_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p6653164805214">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p26531148115215">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1046744617484">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1018194695215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p10181946145214">avg_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p318846155212">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p181813465522">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b2203145254815">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1219204345219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1193114314529">max_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p171937436529">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p71939431521">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1139525904815">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row0520840205217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1352054055218">min_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p652004018525">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p552012400527">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b025616514914">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row445803720525"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p17458937105211">total_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p6458537165211">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p345963718528">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b175341211498">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1327415340523"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p122751734185220">avg_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p9275113405212">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p2275133425213">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b1282461819491">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row670252810526"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p13702172825215">max_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p17702132819521">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p177021928115210">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b20378182574918">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1739172565210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1939122510529">min_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p16391202514523">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p939119251529">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b5667103020498">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row24792020155216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1479820145213">total_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p18479320175211">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1347982012527">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b128221536174913">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row19780151711527"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1780917115212">avg_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p87801417165217">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1878031712525">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b8165444124916">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row1549591412521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p44969146525">max_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p94965147526">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p1496614125219">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b15596501493">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__row16275732165011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p727533217506">min_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p127513216504">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.6.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__p727593210508">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__b13756195614918">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0696.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0696.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81c55458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0696.html
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083440660"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p10370101818101"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b15914193912354">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</strong> displays statistics about waiting status and events on the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p3939311131911">The values of statistical columns in this view are accumulated only when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b8889175164111">enable_track_wait_event</strong> GUC parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b136131000423">on</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1942577124214">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b19395191244218">off</strong> during statistics measurement, the statistics will no longer be accumulated, but the existing values are not affected. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b793534817434">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b311419515435">off</strong>, 0 row is returned when this view is queried.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__table1890982764520" width="100%" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WAIT_EVENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row1094912711450"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p4949027124515">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p1949927124516">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p17949172784516">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row994912273453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p311175391913">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p121145361911">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p911125318199">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row17949527164513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p181111534191">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p2111353191916">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p161115318194">Event type, which can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1843122810368">STATUS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b883116306363">LOCK_EVENT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1573116323361">LWLOCK_EVENT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b95479346369">IO_EVENT</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row1795072794515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p1812115381913">event</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p912653131913">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p1112453181918">Event name. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0783.html">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row595012279452"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p81225320196">wait</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p16121253161912">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p112115391919">Number of times an event occurs. This column and all the columns below are values accumulated during process running.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row1950927134512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p131245316191">failed_wait</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p1612165320199">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p312165316196">Number of waiting failures. In the current version, this column is used only for counting timeout errors and waiting failures of locks such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b18293118153817">LOCK</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b139074913383">LWLOCK</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row2950192713459"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p101285301910">total_wait_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p1312145321916">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p10121353101913">Total duration of the event</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row1495042718451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p612165311915">avg_wait_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p101365316197">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p16131553181911">Average duration of the event</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row119500273457"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p111317535194">max_wait_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p91385351919">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p9131253141918">Maximum wait time of the event</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__row12950142719457"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p81395301912">min_wait_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p7131353161916">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p171355371914">Minimum wait time of the event</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p20498142211274">In the current version, for events whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b594643103917">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1975974483910">LOCK_EVENT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b17463195283913">LWLOCK_EVENT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b2312555396">IO_EVENT</strong>, the display scope of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1727187104018">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</strong> is the same as that of the corresponding events in the <a href="dws_04_0783.html">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</a> view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__p18134153742611">For events whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1366383511403">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b33061139104012">STATUS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__b1767044212407">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</strong> displays the following waiting status columns. For details, see the <a href="dws_04_0783.html">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</a> view.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__ul39341218172212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li23077263262">acquire lwlock</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li13934618172210">acquire lock</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li13935141842211">wait io</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li20935161813223">wait pooler get conn</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li79353183221">wait pooler abort conn</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li593521817221">wait pooler clean conn</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li17935121892215">wait transaction sync</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li8935111842217">wait wal sync</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li8935818122215">wait data sync</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li1993641816222">wait producer ready</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li20936181812222">create index</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li189361018122216">analyze</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li1936318182214">vacuum</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li2936131816228">vacuum full</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li2936191819224">gtm connect</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li69361518132218">gtm begin trans</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li193771811229">gtm commit trans</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li159375184228">gtm rollback trans</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li1937141812219">gtm create sequence</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li7937161862218">gtm alter sequence</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li1093771862214">gtm get sequence val</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li1937181817225">gtm set sequence val</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li199377182229">gtm drop sequence</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814590__li139392018202214">gtm rename sequence</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0701.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0701.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..355e0b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0701.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895009"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895009"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_OPERAROR_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1598598148076"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895009__p6944223141511">This view displays the execution information about operators in the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895009__b23664015537">dbms_om</strong>. <a href="dws_04_0565.html">gs_wlm_operator_info</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0702.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0702.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..406f6251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0702.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494613"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494613"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494613__a45f0a79b647d4906b31045f9af312b1c">This view displays the records of operators in jobs that have been executed by the current user on the current CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494613__ace631a2665914f6bac89057b87167d19">This view is used by Database Manager to query data from the kernel. Data in the kernel is cleared every 3 minutes. </p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0703.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0703.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37b20eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0703.html
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b842352706222926">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</strong> displays the operators of the jobs that are being executed by the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__tf1a716e87ca6430baa99c3fd40179ec4"></a><a name="tf1a716e87ca6430baa99c3fd40179ec4"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__tf1a716e87ca6430baa99c3fd40179ec4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r349760fe9e364a55ab20675e5ab3f997"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a0714ad1c989b4f92a0afc5b2397c6c84">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a9350b719ae524e3fa0feb8680ad8578b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a695efcbbf5784c26b2e8bce567794ad3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rcf362fc05e824f47adf94205860b3039"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a36824c369ae045a0a1534533698fc61c">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aad5ce0d6533b46f3a1941ca0619c6d27">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ae8ba8207e4b240a0a77daa7cf2ce5b44">Internal query_id used for statement execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rb2591f556b4d4829a76a600f2a2fb0b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__abf91e585f12a4988a028587abb20156c">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a55c538881a154149aea8e7e78d7bd21b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p651921410511">ID of the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r1d188ffe4d5948babcedfe125b09d6f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a1a9516e12d1c446ea3a4e4918a63a375">plan_node_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__afa40c4282bc541739bb5d281317641b1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a3ff2707775dd4253891aeb4e387d1ddb">plan_node_id of the execution plan of a query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r50c92bcfdff54adcb363f12fe9fc96eb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aeee670ca384645ffa6c9c33a4d90cb74">plan_node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a60b97b2288724f509025abb0c30809bb">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a94e42ee170824a2fa019312107ff560f">Name of the operator corresponding to plan_node_id</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r6e184f79d0ac41a3824747f11fd36a36"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a921186ee29234981a740e732cce48e18">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a62c8c4d87a9e4831bf819b198cbed49d">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p751971405113">Time when an operator starts to process the first data record</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rcabc648c82624da88d933e326460f6da"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a91f154622c3547efa6b0cb06a1e23c12">duration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a165dc550ffca4393b362e373c80a4ebe">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a6b67e2dd542f4893881034fec5f8606b">Total execution time of an operator. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rb97182cc7d51465094b3f0a897d1f592"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p14171438299">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p8417938495">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a259fbcb27f484de0a063d25349bde6f7">Execution status of the current operator. Its value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b842352706223011">finished</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b842352706223016">running</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rc3d1c36311914976a9d7717453e3098d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a0932c454c2f74fd1ad549fd743dd4c47">query_dop</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a347a6f0329f54d27a43477d0160036e7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a0c108e6d52b4404e8fb07c34f71e01ad">DOP of the current operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r3a6a67086add458c9dcf21ee863bedea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a2db4da5729ce43bc9d9c50cbc1078884">estimated_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a1f497df0128741459e7b19ca7c300f04">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a813cb2c5e03943a886004504efdfa894">Number of rows estimated by the optimizer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r9008085e4aa34ef2827adc5c1a061c44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a89d1691094774f6f92cea0636d80b296">tuple_processed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ac1bb86a228194e35935dc2bb2ea4e556">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p55195145519">Number of elements returned by the current operator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r9829800abe334c71a65720a4e3a749ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p45193142511">min_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aef85b2123caa46089acf38a8f9b6b66f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ae3d56fcabb994e55bddebd45ca864022">Minimum peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r50aac9f0d6ab46bdad0c3beff0e9191d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a9e1267154cd044ab9185a698ed79bdbf">max_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ad9cbf71b2a2c406f89f95e8ee915efb8">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aa5ac0918a50d4052b7ecadc04ee5daa4">Maximum peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r5b7cd28f03d34c8396cab435f2c91e89"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a70213fa003d94cc8a302f1f8a34f0067">average_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__afddd24993e1c48a3a765357eaf2e71ec">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a6b81d92bc92640179d8d3ac02f096c4f">Average peak memory used by the current operator on all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r2d17ea5c008d4959ad84775ba4546ea8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p162135421546">memory_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p02131442948">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a1aa6f98165d0469eb488607311eda43a">Memory usage skew of the current operator among DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r6bee6c41823b4d19906b6763c5c234c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a70d5a35b31d34c4db772096c9267696c">min_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p952021419512">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752071475115">Minimum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b11409353769510">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r85155bc919a74c1abceb1a502c0db342"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__afee67e60105a463aa83c0ef0c5fe8683">max_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aac5edb8ffa364890872e19933d63edff">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a116d664db7be4affa6dbf8ca1d6273d8">Maximum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b18242063879510">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r74d084528cb6499a91cf6f6c3b050806"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aa0fa037050f04206b1d6c078aedf41bf">average_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p752061414517">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a942f96de512e43a98957ff5ed9f9aa56">Average spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__b112355759510">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r658d41a066f04e75a74cac43ed4e34b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a83a9212db7a24a53b977308473da2fc6">spill_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p85201141517">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a078bf5a130684cda8ef2733e0510c203">DN spill skew when a spill occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r8bf949d9d12f4df19b95a0772a3fd52f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a2856e67b05f9401cb7b4dd75d2d01690">min_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p145200142510">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p185204140516">Minimum execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r342ee23d4acb473db31215af62a5e990"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p752019149519">max_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aa7f06f48f7d54fcd88a6ccc4d388015b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__en-us_topic_0111176228_p65207145515">Maximum execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rdcaee8fb1f3a4ce192e4bbf3d1e0f602"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a75d36ee2bd8e46bf89e3955e1a353222">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__aafa29eb26c9144dc8ee9643e27f5daed">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a0de0af2beb6b42038dbcf2a981c423ed">Total execution time of the operator on all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__rfc70947299684368b83606771615bc9c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a843f8a7abf3445fc8e0986d027cfc67b">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a449f2242e03049728c75135ac7f8be8e">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a66cbbb4cccab45e39520f36ee1ea2331">Skew of the execution time among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__r222f25ee62dd4fabb27e8414a9a6d371"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__a3ab1b2128f584ffb9415211e9eeb911a">warning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ab469b8b32ef54eb58d39adf553110667">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ab51089fef58f4581a671a0b5c937e954">Warning. The following warnings are displayed:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__ol53971657155"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li1339620511514">Sort/SetOp/HashAgg/HashJoin spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li19396135181519">Spill file size large than 256MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li11396658153">Broadcast size large than 100MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li143962055157">Early spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li133970512153">Spill times is greater than 3</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li13977510158">Spill on memory adaptive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__li939717551514">Hash table conflict</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0704.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0704.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8df7453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0704.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494559"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494559"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1598598148076"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494559__p1387914294305">This view displays the execution information about the query statements that have been executed on the current CN. The information comes from the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494559__b2041894519548">dbms_om</strong>. <a href="dws_04_0566.html">gs_wlm_session_info</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0705.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0705.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ab5bcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0705.html
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__ad3f680f8bccf48828a7e1dcb377e6833"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0058965665_b842352706152719">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</strong> displays load management information about a completed job executed by the current user on the current CN. This view is used by Database Manager to query data from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__text1123370544">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Data in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__text1644126593">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is cleared every 3 minutes. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__tb435fec1dc744bb3872aab277c2a87d8"></a><a name="tb435fec1dc744bb3872aab277c2a87d8"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__tb435fec1dc744bb3872aab277c2a87d8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rb2618a6ee2cf42fd84594f99dc5163a6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__af6d6f889d09c4bbc83f5cdc4ca2e446d">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a520753062fd84b56b345fd11568a4c23">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__aa4223d4b95904277a4d79610e87bff01">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__reaa7a104dfb64224bff9ca8a8579dba6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p6601473915">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p36013463914">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p16084113913">OID of the database this backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rcbbfc990548d4acaa1d92694b91531ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p12609418397">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p3606417399">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a841134a52c9b4bed993cacbdff41698b">Name of the database the backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rd1a60adc086640d4857982d31e58ddba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p560348390">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p10605483915">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p6601744397">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rd7bdcb22f203411a92bc8fee1f2d0a42"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p17602418392">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a09c81250f5fd4a3092f01c10d3377bea">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146015473916">Name of the CN where the statement is run</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rb7e8f9eb34894c6fb8a868c2d76d5570"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15601141394">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p156034123911">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p1860649397">User name used for connecting to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r3284e82f83634f69a8718863c0e6fba7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p26019419397">application_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15601246399">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p7626415391">Name of the application that is connected to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r0065434869f444a4b98601015df17b99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p116216453913">client_addr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p166219413396">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p11628410399">IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this column is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__ra44f7df21745490095de793a0004ff04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a222709e1834a465783cc443c6c2ef0d5">client_hostname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p562174113919">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p262643393">Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706142331">client_addr</strong>. This column will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706142349">log_hostname</strong> is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r323c029b2261487a95670406e600c27c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146254113911">client_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__ac2f69fd2f8d34dc49e3a5d5a3599fc7f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p86216411395">TCP port number that the client uses for communication with this backend, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706203112">-1</strong> if a Unix socket is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rb968d81f744d4f37b9d24cae91fbf5bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p9621544396">query_band</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p136210419393">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p106213410394">Job type, which is specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b75014019497">query_band </strong>parameter. The default value is a null string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r5bcf99ffc6c04f2ea6717c277ed94019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p116218463915">block_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a4c028966a7ed41c7ad9d8ceffd9e8fc7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1562813408418">Duration that a statement is blocked before being executed, including the statement parsing and optimization duration. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r70ac9b75f9774aef9ed63a6eb0f61044"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p4621749395">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a14945b86c07a4f46b794d2011157ce1e">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p10629483918">Time when the statement starts to be run</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rabc8aa9fcf0c47f6ade0c54e127bab3b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p19628493917">finish_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p183487172297">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a2ca725dd9a1544789401c7e484439d2e">Time when the statement execution ends</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r084f783f2ca74a1ea13a8e94ac07fe90"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p2629433911">duration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p162104133913">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a215ec1233c40438684e8ab75d9d44928">Execution time of a statement. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rc237d7cb3a724494b31f647ebb4f4bf9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p11621417398">estimate_total_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15629416394">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p762147398">Estimated execution time of a statement. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rf6096d1af07647aaa2309223a955aa17"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p46211417392">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p11620412392">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p13627420397">Final statement execution status. Its value can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b13715635112">finished</strong> (normal) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b1432412219511">aborted</strong> (abnormal).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rb312d31f86fc461787bf9ff4efc349c5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p106214410393">abort_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146218415395">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__ada6a47c65a5048668dbe8c942bc30695">Exception information displayed if the final statement execution status is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b1865691635210">aborted</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__re8d3f1f411a04507bc23b31620dbd3b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p5629433913">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p106219420393">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146210416394">Resource pool used by the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r73066883ab8b4e3e8f1a152ba1abe8b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p96414417397">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p106415413910">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p206412414397">Cgroup used by the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r0d6fb787f6674b408e0badf43c1226c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p126417433914">min_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p96412416392">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p164114133911">Minimum memory peak of a statement across all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r68a063ef9c214a45b8266216e0a7475a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a728169751e124ded92265dfeda5d92b6">max_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p156413433912">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p7641443915">Maximum memory peak of a statement across all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r62faa99f3b3f43e6a9e0829204cbba70"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p18641942392">average_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p8646433911">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15644433913">Average memory usage during statement execution. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r0bf75f6e9a33458da012011250348f92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p56418413398">memory_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p186418411391">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p6641641390">Memory usage skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rfdb34afd6d4a4bdf935c14295cad55ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146412415396">spill_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p4645493920">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p166414433910">Statement spill information on all DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p6641547398"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706145131">None</strong> indicates that the statement has not been flushed to disks on any DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p864246393"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b84235270614533">All</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on every DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a2ba4575d96b34f15895c5b5f3d0a980e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706145438">[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__i842352697145434">a</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706145437">:</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__i842352697145432">b</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b842352706145441">]</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__i842352697145515">a</em> of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__i84235269714557">b</em> DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r63dc662b269642b3a164258864b25cd0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p06415419392">min_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a764ff2daa3ab4e428f6a1ca1e9a76382">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752071475115">Minimum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b4248991509735">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r0ff56835dfb046d58c3d9cab01d3081f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p1564541398">max_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p126412443912">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a116d664db7be4affa6dbf8ca1d6273d8">Maximum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b17400838769735">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r3777ba9bee924450be5469db898a735c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15641413399">average_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p20641949398">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a942f96de512e43a98957ff5ed9f9aa56">Average spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__b14058660759735">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r822cbcb62709400c82bdf0d306ec3a98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__af7e3b173281943a086cac4ecf71f6f3e">spill_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p9648493918">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p56411418394">DN spill skew when a spill occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r1ccfad5fdaca4928b344dd4c5c22d641"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p186694153912">min_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p86684103910">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p96612433918">Minimum execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rd3dcbb8a01ee4cac896822ffb18bbce3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p16661443392">max_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p366114193918">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p166610410391">Maximum execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r6ca4e508f471477c8fc62464c08068ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p146612412392">average_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p1766949395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p766114173911">Average execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rae50e5c0171948d2ab9932c8a1fc4199"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p186619414398">dntime_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p166616433915">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p15661641394">Execution time skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rba6a34e1e96046ce993f1080697e22ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p76618419395">min_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p5666403919">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p196694133917">Minimum CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rf7db7288aa6a40f4b85623503b1c7a85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p20661413399">max_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p96644143916">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p13661948399">Maximum CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rfe83fa4b7a3a424abd29290ad012d8dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p176613483914">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p66624193917">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p9660419393">Total CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__rc70ae70bd269448b8ada6cda9e9e8dba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p17661453919">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p2667415395">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p8668413919">CPU time skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__row19498105011260"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1880915202270">min_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1480919206276">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1380982018278">Minimum IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__row19149101072913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1912116233291">max_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p9121123172913">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p191238239292">Maximum IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__row4897202782912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p36526352291">average_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p13652103519299">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1652113517293">Average IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__row15463154013294"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1557874882911">iops_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p1757874892918">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p16578184872911">I/O skew across DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r3e6892426cd6445d91a26149a28a0885"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a6640c196bc5345cebbf50314f7c48bb0">warning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p76724153911">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__a5d902eea534241cc88530e6d82df1f08">Warning. The following warnings and warnings related to SQL self-diagnosis tuning are displayed:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__ol4915858122411"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li19153584249">Spill file size large than 256MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li16915158102413">Broadcast size large than 100MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li159151458102417">Early spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li20915125862416">Spill times is greater than 3</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li11915115813249">Spill on memory adaptive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__li109151758112418">Hash table conflict</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__re56ed437bf3d4d4c8735a6cb76fe416c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p46720416397">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p8674453918">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p5671843393">Internal query ID used for statement execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_row0152846395"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p1667749393">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p367545392">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p867114173913">Statement executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__r80d2fd3a25b049e5ac166506e69a40ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p1767841391">query_plan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p3671242399">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__en-us_topic_0112535431_p196818412396">Execution plan of a statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__row115501321134518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.782178217821784%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p20550152119453">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81188118811881%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p2550122184511">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.4059405940594%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__p4550152115450">Logical cluster of the user running the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body1503457301475"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p696118254217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b14308163814313">GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</strong> displays load management information about jobs being executed by the current user on the current CN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__table9446192117461"></a><a name="table9446192117461"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__table9446192117461" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1544642110461"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1359922545010">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p3599182520502">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p175991225195015">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row17446162114468"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p7825161515615">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p158251415661">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1282581516620">OID of the database this backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row75751994710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p17826315164">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p17826201510620">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1182612150618">Name of the database the backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row9571319154713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p11826415869">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p10826015362">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p182613154612">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row15771915477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p68261715961">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p108264151361">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1682619154610">Name of the CN where the statement is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1456161919474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p138263151561">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p19827121514616">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1482741518615">User name used for connecting to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row18568199473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1182716154617">application_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p168272153616">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1582717155620">Name of the application that is connected to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row18561119144717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p68277151565">client_addr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p88271415966">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p10827121511613">IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this column is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row17561419164719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p28277151166">client_hostname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p18271615169">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p19827101512614">Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b203681438635">client_addr</strong>. This column will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b1436810389319">log_hostname</strong> is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row256119114713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p158288150611">client_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p282813151865">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1082851515610">TCP port number that the client uses for communication with this backend, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b84235270614255">-1</strong> if a Unix socket is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row854419184710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1482851518615">query_band</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p982811156614">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p58281815765">Job type, which is specified by the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b128968382011">query_band</strong> parameter. The default value is a null string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row854151911475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p882811158619">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1828615167">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1482819159617">Process ID of the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1154419204719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1782841517610">block_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p128280153615">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p282861518615">Block time before the statement is executed. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row15534197479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p128291151662">start_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p982917151863">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1382951513612">Time when the statement starts to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1053111916473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p182931517620">duration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p148296154619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1382916151764">For how long a statement has been executing. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1752101954720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1282981517617">estimate_total_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p38294155619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p7829201515612">Estimated execution time of a statement. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row052161918471"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p188291115566">estimate_left_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p18829101517611">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1282916159618">Estimated remaining time of statement execution. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row13513195474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p68291150610">enqueue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p483013151568">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1983010152615">Workload management resource status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row851111964715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p2830115961">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p178301151867">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p783010151565">Resource pool used by the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row175071916474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1083014151063">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p38305151363">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p198301315264">Cgroup used by the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row17326153612488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1361044194819">estimate_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1437124414481">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p2038719505436">Estimated memory used by the statement. The unit is MB. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row95091994717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p58301015569">min_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1583016153616">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p883013156617">Minimum memory peak of a statement across all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row450219184717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p18305151266">max_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p148301115362">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p78303151267">Maximum memory peak of a statement across all DNs. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row849131944716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p88302151869">average_peak_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p158301315266">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p383010156615">Average memory usage during statement execution. The unit is MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row19491619144720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p183017151062">memory_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p98311615568">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p58317151165">Memory usage skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1249141914714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p148311615563">spill_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p16831215669">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p8831191516616">Statement spill information on all DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p128311154618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b13562121916283">None</strong> indicates that the statement has not been flushed to disks on any DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p58313151961"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b195732013282">All</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on every DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p98312015262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b54475381330">[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__i84471838233">a</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b15447113815315">:</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__i17447193819314">b</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b1444711386318">]</strong> indicates that the statement has been flushed to disks on <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__i944713385312">a</em> of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__i344723815312">b</em> DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row94911195475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1483111516610">min_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p20831121510611">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__en-us_topic_0111176227_p752071475115">Minimum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b7857532059236">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row2048619104719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p17831141517610">max_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p10831915160">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__a116d664db7be4affa6dbf8ca1d6273d8">Maximum spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b15052630179236">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row548719204719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p208311915262">average_spill_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1183171519611">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__a942f96de512e43a98957ff5ed9f9aa56">Average spilled data among all DNs when a spill occurs. The unit is MB. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__b6980287559236">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1547101914720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1283112154614">spill_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p583111152068">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p58311615463">DN spill skew when a spill occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row19471619184718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p38323151768">min_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p983214151864">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p683291513618">Minimum execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row847131904714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p5832171514615">max_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p128321415466">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p883231517611">Maximum execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row104710193476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p15832101516615">average_dn_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p8832111515617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p14832615665">Average execution time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row44751920470"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p983212151618">dntime_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p783281511617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p20832191514617">Execution time skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row184718194473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p5832415264">min_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p138329151661">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p16832215861">Minimum CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row20451619144710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p38321715166">max_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p13832715366">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p983318159616">Maximum CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row174561916473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1983351513616">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p683317151761">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1833161518617">Total CPU time of a statement across all DNs. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1244201918476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p3833151513616">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p6833115267">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p128335152614">CPU time skew of a statement among DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row86001914135213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p10621338205213">min_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1062113812524">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p96211389521">Minimum IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row518319212523"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p66343810522">max_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p196353816526">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1963153845212">Maximum IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row19456325165215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1763838175213">average_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p26319381526">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p106316389520">Average IOPS peak of a statement across all DNs. It is counted by ones in a column-store table and by ten thousands in a row-store table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row221630165216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1063143815214">iops_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1631738155219">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p66343815215">I/O skew across DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row104411924718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p118332151863">warning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1383318153613">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p18833191517617">Warning. The following warnings and warnings related to SQL self-diagnosis tuning are displayed:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__ol8779106142610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li877819613262">Spill file size large than 256MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li177796652612">Broadcast size large than 100MB</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li1779566266">Early spill</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li11779365263">Spill times is greater than 3</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li377926172612">Spill on memory adaptive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__li20779186192611">Hash table conflict</li></ol>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row544161910477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1583301514611">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1833101519610">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p98336151469">Internal query ID used for statement execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1143181934718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p178331215466">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p883313158618">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p9833111510613">Statement that is being executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row1542619144715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1383471518620">query_plan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1483451513610">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p1883421516614">Execution plan of a statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__row178973320279"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p589718317273">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p6897431270">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__p789717311275">Logical cluster of the user running the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0708.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0708.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30731104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0708.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134864"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134864"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW</h1>
+<div id="body0000001125677835"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134864__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134864__b13607135116493">GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW</strong> displays the configured resource management SQL whitelist, including the default SQL whitelist and the SQL whitelist configured using the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134864__b3108288507">wlm_sql_allow_list</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0709.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0709.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccab85d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0709.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</h1>
+<div id="body1578646990810"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b5434525165013">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b84356256504">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b6436125135019">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b174372025165010">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b3437152512506">DELETE</strong> statements and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__table991091311370" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b198814189511">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row1910213113713"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p891011343715">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p391181312379">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p179111813103711">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row291161343720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p2911141393712">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p1391131311379">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p291111135377">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row14911713133715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p169110134376">select_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p139115137375">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p129117132370">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b788182917513">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row865082410399"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p2650162416391">update_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p17650424113914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p4650172433910">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b189183419518">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row1856242117391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p115623214397">insert_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p1656211214395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p185629214394">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b2714183775113">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row16171519143913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p31771916397">delete_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p5171419163917">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p41710195393">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b151251040155118">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row1241918143919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p114201588391">ddl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p542098193912">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p142014873914">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b929974214511">DDL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row1150012153912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p1515071215392">dml_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p171509128395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p15150412133915">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b1710854519517">DML</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__row10911121313715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p19911313113719">dcl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p1791141312378">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__p139119137373">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134654__b1955694855112">DCL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0710.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0710.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85692e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0710.html
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body1578646433480"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b20927195912514">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on the current node, including the maximum, minimum, average, and total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b1592725914517">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b10928165905116">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b109281559165111">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b1892912595518">DELETE</strong> statements. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__table991091311370" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b174197165546">GS_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row1910213113713"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p891011343715">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p391181312379">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p179111813103711">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row291161343720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p2911141393712">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1391131311379">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p291111135377">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row14911713133715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p18907134714148">total_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p139115137375">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p814611507147">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b14443128175419">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row865082410399"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1390604718142">max_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p17650424113914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p131451503147">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b151961039155419">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row1856242117391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p690514715141">min_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1656211214395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1114513507145">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b387314215543">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row16171519143913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p3904194741411">avg_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p5171419163917">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p11144050121415">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b795004505411">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row1241918143919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p119039473146">total_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p542098193912">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p14143115011144">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b26901748185414">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row1150012153912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p8902194710146">max_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p171509128395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p15141950151418">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b1341816514541">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row10911121313715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1488024712145">min_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1791141312378">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p16140650121417">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b535415548546">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row144016536152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p10401353131513">avg_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p14015539159">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p140195315152">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b53765785416">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row2475856181514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p20475155618155">total_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p12475205661512">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p14751356201516">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b14681185916547">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row566014591152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1166015911514">max_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p17660185911513">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p9660195921511">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b105521226559">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row1482443191619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1282443101615">min_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p2082443161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p2824153201611">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b599310411558">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row129051116160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p690611115169">avg_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p10906111161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p5906201191615">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b190412711555">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row14524448181610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1652510483169">total_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p552514488168">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p45251848101612">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b1426051015551">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row147971351111618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p0798185151610">max_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p179855114162">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p379845171615">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b996831212551">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row15464958111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p184641458191612">min_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p1646595816165">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p14465135831620">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b673271515555">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__row092812545162"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p10928135491616">avg_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p159281554121618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__p11928155415169">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654652__b133441818105519">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0711.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0711.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37ded879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0711.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body1577348477711"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p26029312224">GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION provides transaction information about workload cgroups on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each workload Cgroup commits and rolls back transactions and the response time of transaction commitment and rollback, in microseconds.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__table144601642202219" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row546194282212"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__a331a521f8cd747bfab2959c1f723288b">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__adb41eee47ba84f63af0669034307566d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__ab3f8ecd7b1cf4a5a9db66f387eb51eff">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row1884010180579"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p169264116574">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p106931141175710">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p14693174185711">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row684110188572"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p1769304195712">commit_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p6693141165711">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p1169324155716">Number of the commit times</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row198411418115712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p2069394118572">rollback_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p9693174111578">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p1669394155713">Number of rollbacks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row10842161815715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p14693104195710">resp_min</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p1269314412577">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p9693104120577">Minimum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row4396163345710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p1969474125710">resp_max</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p769444195715">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p469444195710">Maximum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row13396103311573"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p18694184114576">resp_avg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p86941641185712">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p869414145711">Average response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__row63971933155713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p769434165712">resp_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p16694141125714">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134846__p13694154113571">Total response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0712.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0712.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76f1b107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0712.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_STAT_DB_CU</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a029d52836ddc478586f966f66bb4b8fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__b842352706211821">GS_STAT_DB_CU</strong> displsys CU hits in a database and in each node in a cluster. You can clear it using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__b842352706211914">gs_stat_reset()</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__t57e9d04f6bed4fd89c6220b36f4a1222" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_STAT_DB_CU columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r057a2a496e144b04a4cf1da70c4cbd84"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a331a521f8cd747bfab2959c1f723288b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__adb41eee47ba84f63af0669034307566d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__ab3f8ecd7b1cf4a5a9db66f387eb51eff">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r8d30d34bf1f54c1194fdcc5ec128b251"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a6a8b4d3f6cd54e98b4b8126a4c643782">node_name1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a107d32184c1943e0a35095d3b152db41">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__ab151f714e2594712840ac8a54f4adab8">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r52ee442f1d0d410da9f91b291a4e2fa7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a63d5711e76fb44ac9a51d53cf46c6d11">db_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__aec570c5e2f4a477482aa59e3b24ecb74">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a471dea4f9bc34692843b2a6f8349fd9c">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r71d5d14b8ada44539d771798fe672ec4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a06450d2bd33645f4b5459e44db8035f2">mem_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a93287e4a8b9448d68fe7c932d6adaaa2">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a55a1dcd4e2c94eddbb03577f0f02fb1e">Number of memory hits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r650f7ef104394dc8bf269c7fdb2dc604"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a56c31b0680fe49c685594f190b183399">hdd_sync_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a2670389b2c9a4cd8a3f5ff5ba1de4f1f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a05e25e0f00924c349e1b63a314506420">Number of hard disk synchronous reads</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__r7f1167a1f28f4462b3fea26edc57feaf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a1524f76b7c164d1ca4db12e8aac432a4">hdd_asyn_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__a0771b9e5edad4b8a93e98f69a4f64b9b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694441__ac976c80315324324bd93c5000a4d01d3">Number of hard disk asynchronous reads</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0713.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0713.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c549906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0713.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_STAT_SESSION_CU</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a4ca1729835604870952c8385d3d8e28e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__b84235270614158">GS_STAT_SESSION_CU</strong> displays the CU hit rate of running sessions on each node in a cluster. This data about a session is cleared when you exit this session or restart the cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__t5c6b2fa4635a49b2aaaf80bca38f4ddb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_STAT_SESSION_CU columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__r9d95cb26bdda447eaf05ed3e9f66a28d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__aad8819af616b4c1a843861f7521cf345"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__ab735d7b1039e4eb3ae96209d88ad537f">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a10ac52679f464a5180e486b788a91229">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__r3fca63f9dda44343ae6ba922a7083676"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__aa9776b85ec834d1f8230033b782091af">node_name1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a879e6a0d229d41b9bcf1211e667cbf16">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a8126248f397f4b8fa7c3b00d9861fb89">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__r5bacc0ab9ea644f88566c1ee808dde28"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a61ada4a26c43427f8ea415c2ce81852b">mem_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__af67ecc37c1b248ecb3131940c50cfb3d">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__abda37ebfe3c3434186cd149c6ece7c6c">Number of memory hits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__r578a411aa8a94036a95691b986c2c29e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__af9b0f747919d41828e251d64fc2db402">hdd_sync_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a84a58cb282a542368099756810e43598">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__ade36cd304bd644888f9c28acb43bc126">Number of hard disk synchronous reads</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__rfe63dc4450e3412d935d737b42312ab6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a8699450087ee4646b802eb39997ea24f">hdd_asyn_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a65e5f61d2dc446e59cf7c4a3da354071">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134712__a07deacdc5bb244e98de8e146b08900a2">Number of hard disk asynchronous reads</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0714.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0714.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24e3db2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0714.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body1546934321770"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__en-us_topic_0059777855_p31514614815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b84235270619144">GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays statistics about memory usage of the logical cluster that the current database belongs to in the unit of MB.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__te92c5b174e514d4a931ec5df086a4e01" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_TOTAL_NODEGROUP_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__r972d49d163494619acfd7ae9b0365a2e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a26e75aba2e164bc081c52a8a54e0477b">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__aff4f9a9a4ebb4d8a8c21c8da6e2fd23c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a56ec196e9ac04264ad2194ef941c8678">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__r52b8149d0d554449b313c66ea8602c51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a3da9c3e276d443a1b55b0875563fa0a7">ngname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__af1a312bd39274254b3dd6ca292dd24c1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__abc05c80dc535489d806e432eb262b5f9">Name of a logical cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__r2d1393bc01d94ff6a679ab3ead62065f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a8cdc9cb83d7f43fa9d04373004fb88a6">memorytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a79c7cb3ccc55447b99a36cc9e170f903">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a13e963f2bc7749a08dd7ebf0bbb9760c">Memory type. Its value can be:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__uc74a940bf8274444b4943d70dbae7734"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__l12d3f4e6833f401b94a39f85b8f4a9ff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b229020115384">ng_total_memory</strong>: total memory of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__l4cfc4ca05e92423d806f453caaf056c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b7772209173814">ng_used_memory</strong>: memory usage of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__lb5ba8f9524ad4e2ea1c6da51eb48882b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b47835232389">ng_estimate_memory</strong>: estimated memory usage of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__l1aada6c758004a2b9b8f739124541f93"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b8977194310382">ng_foreignrp_memsize</strong>: total memory of the external resource pool of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__l6a1f7f885726471fa3b455549830f0bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b518510547384">ng_foreignrp_memsize</strong>: memory usage of the external resource pool of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__l75322cf524cd44b583d5dd8fd94e35f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b471310514390">ng_foreignrp_peaksize</strong>: peak memory usage of the external resource pool of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__ld7613fa5990c45a7b4c36733b3bf3fb5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b334012384012">ng_foreignrp_mempct</strong>: percentage of the external resource pool of the logical cluster to the total memory of the logical cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__ld2442bf0fc5044d6a82680451db507ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__b1718162111408">ng_foreignrp_estmsize</strong>: estimated memory usage of the external resource pool of the logical cluster</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__r486e1609868d43029e701b5ad7a1b6ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a4b4e29c71a0046099399875f459535d6">memorymbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a2d3676dff95c4948aab442240e8a2f81">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974558__a00b912f246104fd2ba986df296689941">Size of allocated memory-typed memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0715.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0715.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76a1b80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0715.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_USER_TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body1579424728834"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1287173181518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__b11140134805710">GS_USER_TRANSACTION</strong> provides transaction information about users on a single CN. The database records the number of times that each user commits and rolls back transactions and the response time of transaction commitment and rollback, in microseconds.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__table179581477718" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__b1071716306584">GS_USER_TRANSACTION</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row595834717714"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__a26e75aba2e164bc081c52a8a54e0477b">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__aff4f9a9a4ebb4d8a8c21c8da6e2fd23c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__a56ec196e9ac04264ad2194ef941c8678">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row9959144715714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p677002012813">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p27701220281">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p8770152014813">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row119591147171"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p157702205816">commit_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p97702207811">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1077032012817">Number of the commit times</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row595984712711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p577062014815">rollback_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1677013206813">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p177705202810">Number of rollbacks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row59602471471"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p177016201981">resp_min</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1577017201489">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1177152014815">Minimum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row1696017474719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1377116209817">resp_max</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p477114201683">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p10771720587">Maximum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row496054718710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p477115205813">resp_avg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p07716201189">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p1577152010814">Average response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__row996116471075"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p177132018818">resp_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p12771192016819">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814576__p7771620885">Total response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0716.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0716.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af96090f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0716.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY</h1>
+<div id="body0000001072559267"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p1212704713138"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__b2550693433437">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY</strong> allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__table179581477718" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row595834717714"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__a077f2f94f2d64ab9857104ae50151e6a">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__a7686619d994147c7903d6bf3b993cd56">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__aef81f6af846d4198ba1c9012629f9735">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row20625032153511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p17625232163517">objschema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p962583210359">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p762573210356">View space name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row9959144715714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p10684145417144">objname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p5684185412146">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p11684175421414">View name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row10911012356"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p591111143513">refobjschema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p18913120356">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p79161163510">Name of the space where the dependent object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row18913191820446"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p0914718144410">refobjname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p1691451844416">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p18159122361">Name of a dependent object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__row199417504361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p29475093610">relobjkind</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p894550153616">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__p294185003616">Type of a dependent object</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__ul104346335379"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__li134342033123717">r: table</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134848__li143415333372">v: view</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0717.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0717.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6534f714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0717.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_VIEW_INVALID</h1>
+<div id="body0000001073009658"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p17575917191412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__b1854141011394">GS_VIEW_INVALID</strong> queries all unavailable views visible to the current user. If the base table, function, or synonym that the view depends on is abnormal, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__b208266312560">validtype</strong> column of the view is displayed as "invalid".</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__table1047810881918" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_VIEW_INVALID columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row1548010821920"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p18918142318192">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p1291852316199">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p17918223141912">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row194811689194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p119185234192">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p1291822317193">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p13918923111911">OID of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row1029615504337"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p1229785023319">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p15297195012339">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p11297165033311">View space name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row9481583195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p19191823181912">viewname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p13919132310196">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p3919172312199">Name of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row14571522143810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p85711422113811">viewowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p1357152215382">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p1571822113814">Owner of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row184811787195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p39191623171913">definition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p6919723191912">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p2919123121914">Definition of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__row16658127123917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p11659157113915">validtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p56595763917">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974594__p206591172397">View validity flag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0718.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0718.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..146a2b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0718.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__p1219531134410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__b8423527069717">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS</strong> displays the extension versions of certain database features.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__t27fd9ebaeaf14976b788896bfce8a72e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__rd697216803944988bf0f7ebbc38d7617"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a107fbe600c9b4ef9abbc7a52fde6d86e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a0547564a2767427297b365686fefb6b4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a83c0be2ad25f415a8e14874b74972b3c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r0b6468e54c3d4343a390d11ea47af043"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a60b441b6e63546bf981b047d9c459b82">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a025290410a1249da8c3f851bd6a94743">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__ad0a53ad352304a2e9981e87a138dbcfd">Extension name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__rf3445082c6f8458d9e01df974dbe0f6b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a4b2f7a9fd6c44c31a33c63757cbf4b2f">version</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a266b3bc608414f72a48636aeef509ad5">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a7ef30de707804003a277a7792c151f9a">Version name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r975bbbef91ab423882992a1b0d06d4ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a6a71ff22d075488290aa03146bd83a24">installed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__ad56b852295594f2ab248741b62a601ae"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__text115911331310">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a6925aca49ae941599abb7477fec09121">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__b1478465662716">true</strong> if the version of this extension is currently installed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r924724c8630f4fc69770dad95d34c636"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a96102d3b850843b1974bd711b833392b">superuser</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a4f59bf1b41f74916af9f11c710d776c1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__text129781233173111">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a0a2a8782244c42cb84dbb169437c7304">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__b579810154289">true</strong> if only system administrators are allowed to install this extension.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r090184a6185a4ea095b8f24dba293199"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a61bec33de2984cab92cba6ff1bdf1888">relocatable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__acb8b878f9fcb44e09c5fd0138bba5e12"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__text14794163415313">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a659b9f1d83a645cd810d7a1097f5b5f9">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__b1625419232286">true</strong> if an extension can be relocated to another schema.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r18f796b1b4404635b78f80010c9f574f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a1e74fcabc9434e10a0c0ed460064fc96">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a7a758f3e171a4935b968c3c4a2204fba">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a45ec498be1c0477f9e8218335e99e60c">Name of the schema that the extension must be installed into. The value is null if the extension is partially or fully relocatable.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__r50a9ad755dfa4a7c96481596702d3dee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__ab8fbde8bcf23462082414511ac4c4577">requires</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a0ed045d29efe4dcf8201e2f05c9d3502">name[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__a3a6417832ea743529d92f9a94deb2c8f">Names of prerequisite extensions. The value is null if there are no prerequisite extensions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__rfe62855b64f4424889adddd32db013ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__en-us_topic_0059777416_p13825615468">comment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__en-us_topic_0059777416_p996191218463">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894931__en-us_topic_0059777416_p125775410454">Comment string from the extension's control file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0719.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0719.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c33fb1d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0719.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a591fc28e5c944438b811c4ec04ff6378"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__b46491032112118">PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS</strong> displays the extended information about certain database features.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__t24bce30f7e7a46ec81bbe509c2f76b78" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__r0e07c04e776f4bf6a5a9ce998ee59e12"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a2a6dfc65c97f46f59be9bb2753cae0a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__aa1c90fe5c44944b58b84325739cea2e2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a27e886b2edf24fb3bbb8bc565d8f116f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__rb7fb7d5ddb3f4b198d60d400f521fe83"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__aed5789c3cd5b4f979cfcfb8e536c2bc7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a40469607d4fb4c2ab706c7bf9dc2f18a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a41a5c3a68bc44a88b65be6a4ee8c5f1d">Extension name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__rd05dd3df340a41b7b04f0a5db398ed92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__af7b8172b1fbf4533a84b8e1330202202">default_version</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a5dac7cb80338438889fa41eae8651f9b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a89e68b10f75c42d5bcbe454b4d43805f">Name of default version. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__b842352706174756">NULL</strong> if none is specified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__r58904976147f49babfca7481871a479a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a2c40ab7958014dec81243d912180dbba">installed_version</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__en-us_topic_0059778728_p42898268472">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__en-us_topic_0059778728_p274111404715">Currently installed version of the extension. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__b1257622114328">NULL</strong> if no version is installed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__rdb8b12bd57bd4f40be4d99f7b91fa470"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a1947409cf835465e85d96aa4b844a089">comment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__ac6792fc4c5844798a524acbe672aa5a7">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894473__a02729ba4aa654707bc7906dc684ade6d">Comment string from the extension's control file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0720.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0720.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99a3768f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0720.html
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001089258840"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p8060118">On any normal node in a cluster, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b12435101092215">PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong> displays the execution status of the import and export services. Each import or export service corresponds to a record. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__table158732593611" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS columns</caption><tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row2936459564"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p16936059265"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1481493824619">Name</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p19361459469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b6232543124617">Type</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p49361059864"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b46525162">Description</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row14936159365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1293611591360">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1593615591669">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p109365591364">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row179375598614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p9937759460">db_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p993713591465">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p159377591662">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row593720596613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1393795914614">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p15937165913618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p179375598620">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b842352706144235">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row7937185911610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p139373591162">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p693717591568">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p9937559862">ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row2093775919616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p7937145914610">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1693719596614">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p18937175918613">Lightweight thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row493745917613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p293716591163">session_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p119372591664">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p993765912612">GDS session ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row793716591261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1937359262">direction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p29378591964">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p4937105918618">Service type. The options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1148143817474">gds to file</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1212424004715">gds from file</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b17409124320473">gds to pipe</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b83605475478">gds from pipe</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1382317512471">copy from</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b2193659144713">copy to</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row8937105920618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p199372059661">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p19371659863">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p39371059661">Query statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row1993710599617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1593710591169">address</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p89378591617">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1093712591167">Location of the foreign table used for data import and export</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row193716595618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p99370593615">query_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p209381359165">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p139381259665">Start time of data import or export</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row169382591365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p109386594616">total_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1293835910619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p293835917615">Total size of data to be processed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1531912211841">This parameter is specified only when a GDS common file is to be imported and the record in the row comes from a CN. Otherwise, left this parameter unspecified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row093865911616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p159384591161">phase</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p693818599614">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p593855914614">Execution phase of the current service import and export. The options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1164716115252">INITIALIZING</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b19453115152516">TRANSFER_DATA</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__b1944518188251">RELEASE_RESOURCE</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row149381059160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1938559467">done_lines</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p493811595617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p10938105912619">Number of lines that have been transferred</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__row8938135917618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p14938125913618">done_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p1793865919613">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694513__p9938135920616">Number of bytes that have been transferred</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0721.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0721.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..280c24e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0721.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1579252950201"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__a2cf938ca60fe498a81bf7e26b62426b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__b8496081209">PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</strong> stores the client connection information of a single node. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the CN and DN.)</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__t99a7773c7a67481b8365b0d686297657" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__b886374418010">PG_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r91b709a9670648a58cbb5b695b946c98"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__ab7cab0719baf431fad6993552531b925">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__a42c1f299821d443d99991d99ab6c2da7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__aa862f5a1194c44e7ac634fdd3a30a204">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r5234a27dcd474b57b79c153dd99a7372"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p17568202427">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__aeefe2691331a4196974afdf7bed0de01">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__ab06c91907ad4435da0a195380d4b983c">Current node name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r3dfa850ed92541ffa787c82b8eeec5c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p482234516425">app</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p882224516426">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p11822124519420">Client application name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r6a873001a1a249edb52581a07894488b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p5756132034217">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p1220119264318">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p538191034213">Thread ID of the current thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r8e7239b058eb4bfc87ee64686d5b5b81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p1875614208426">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p73258824310">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p538151034220">Lightweight thread ID of the current thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__rfdb7bdd439694e318c63030c9a878e5b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p127561620124213">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__a0d16a81c4d26436aba59edea36fde04c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p73816109429">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__b842352706144235">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r3a91507dc52e4c5099a0c6e1397e2aa8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p20756720184213">socket</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__a6df1f2e067f84b29b6aaf8adcec3a9f3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p163811810134211">It is displayed if the connection is a physical connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__ref5a54f278504077a1c340cce63fa9fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p157561620194219">remote_ip</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p119339226433">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p33811610114218">Peer node IP address.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__r5c1cdf6132094948b42186190bcaf858"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p117561820164211">remote_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p12724152415437">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p5381410104219">Peer node port.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__row51493315326"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p13756202014218">logic_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p7150203183219">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__p1038116107426">If the connection is a logical connection, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__b172241423201013">sid</strong> is displayed. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974446__b115589289105">-1</strong> is displayed, the current connection is a physical connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0722.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0722.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77511557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0722.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COMM_DELAY</h1>
+<div id="body1514426573775"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__en-us_topic_0059777625_p514221585113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__b842352706151837">PG_COMM_DELAY</strong> displays the communication library delay status for a single DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__ted08a1e3a9bd4aeb9dcc3ea261077866" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_COMM_DELAY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__r40bdf45cf34e4fedb1d42018de14a58a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__ab8272e6d67f146faaa6629df1c325076">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__ab055973fe1ef4790adb87ddec467eb95">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a83f76301abdb45b38e4246e4ecf48551">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__r13afc8ef4c914d878176eb8ad99e69a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__abaf220a1d34b4d449002f0630f019234">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a941d3393174d4b22ab368b80443fe872">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a2b9e153821964130a92d838b87570c3d">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__r9abc65e14f3d4d4f8afcf977a59231ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__ad74e0f3566224386a06f1a3148e08298">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a1d049cf25feb4471b503c38982ee7a5a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a89a1563f76994ae1a545ee4dd422a781">Name of the peer node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__row84271338512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p7428163335113">remote_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p142813375110">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p942863345111">IP address of the peer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__row83857494554"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p7385144965517">stream_num</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p153858499556">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p11385114915512">Number of logical stream connections used by the current physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__row15866643185511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p6866343155518">min_delay</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p178661343135520">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p14866243185513">Minimum delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. Its unit is microsecond.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__note233023151317"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p15330231121316">A negative result is invalid. Wait until the delay status is updated and query again.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__row1127123895519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p142713810556">average</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p02812389553">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__p928638155515">Average delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__rf816addd09ff4e4c82c5ce8666b13a71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a8557e5afdac14132986944839c365d21">max_delay</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__a8daaece48c9149b2bf3b6c3052f90570">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814661__ae2c7c7082868459e824cb49c9c6faf9d">Maximum delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0723.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0723.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a55ad0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0723.html
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COMM_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__en-us_topic_0059777625_p514221585113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b6388131416395">PG_COMM_STATUS</strong> displays the communication library status for a single DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ted08a1e3a9bd4aeb9dcc3ea261077866" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_COMM_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__r40bdf45cf34e4fedb1d42018de14a58a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ab8272e6d67f146faaa6629df1c325076"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ab055973fe1ef4790adb87ddec467eb95">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a83f76301abdb45b38e4246e4ecf48551">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__r13afc8ef4c914d878176eb8ad99e69a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__abaf220a1d34b4d449002f0630f019234">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a941d3393174d4b22ab368b80443fe872">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a2b9e153821964130a92d838b87570c3d">Specifies the node name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__r9abc65e14f3d4d4f8afcf977a59231ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ad74e0f3566224386a06f1a3148e08298">rxpck/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a1d049cf25feb4471b503c38982ee7a5a">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a89a1563f76994ae1a545ee4dd422a781">Receiving rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__rf816addd09ff4e4c82c5ce8666b13a71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a8557e5afdac14132986944839c365d21">txpck/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__a8daaece48c9149b2bf3b6c3052f90570">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ae2c7c7082868459e824cb49c9c6faf9d">Sending rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row1944494192914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p194441341182910">rxkB/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p164459411296">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p1445174113299">Receiving rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is KB/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row1141510492295"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p1450471714313">txkB/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p413191016347">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p154168491294">Sending rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is KB/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row172777537299"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p05041817183115">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p17714191010345">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p11277165392915">Size of the buffer of the Cmailbox.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row1086665615294"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p13504121713115">memKB(libcomm)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p1623131273420">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p3867356162912">Communication memory size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b102251230263">libcomm</strong> process, in KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row19386121103016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p850431763114">memKB(libpq)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p2375616173414">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p638701193012">Communication memory size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b073814558613">libpq</strong> process, in KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row195514953012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p0504131793113">%USED(PM)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p16955159103010">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p11955199163010">Real-time usage of the postmaster thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row7283175173020"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p1150417176318">%USED (sflow)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p16283105173020">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p628317517303">Real-time usage of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b15184261177">gs_sender_flow_controller</strong> thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row737922963112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p113604596316">%USED (rflow)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p938042917314">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p173805294315">Real-time usage of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b14131939978">gs_receiver_flow_controller</strong> thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__row9206533143119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p13609591313">%USED (rloop)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p19207133312317">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__p220723310318">Highest real-time usage among multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__b13332411083">gs_receivers_loop</strong> threads.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__rece6fe70debe473bbfa868adc30fba01"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ac8de0739eb9f4664b07a3beff0e0f6ae">stream</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__ab413cbe0621c4255a042db7673df0d52">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694927__aa6d308ab0437402dba0e5752d80c97cd">Total number of used logical connections.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0724.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0724.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62d9c1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0724.html
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__en-us_topic_0059778025_p18471945119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b240311342396">PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM</strong> displays the receiving stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__tb627ff77300e4257a9d9f96d4d5e7828" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r32429ac9350e418dba1a08faf176adfa"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a826ed59371c64b0aa0cc46aed6afb413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a5e79d302657d4f63a91d012edb0c1735">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ad6ec7fdb804e4dcaaf36c17c8922023a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r1a70d9bb3e4548fbabe942bc1c3ba1bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a89b34655320d4481aeb93d7ba10fe961">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a99b3025b208c4f93afe3f2dc5f7f3ed3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__adc6ac5d7c88647008161c0da48eb9781">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r2b59318b721d4bdc80d863516140b311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a837f35aa863e4500ae9010c1d9d701c6">local_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a92eeaa0a6e4b4960abed2fadfbe9e852">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a62afcc8eb9194c59b8c6ac779fcd72bc">ID of the thread using this stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r5f3d52369f4548b99fab4ecde5ee65c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a62345a98fa6d4500a7fe55a41dc3a01e">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ab17d8bff0f904e11944b970cbb51246a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__aae634a76c5fe4a5489223a574fd37a06">Name of the peer node </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r56c3fec1a0fa4c68982d299a44cb2319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a3709cdf738ba47b6a3af9eb80e0083bd">remote_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a6fb120de447b489b85cb86901210eb48">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a84321b1b65554f1085fa5b686d2a0fa5">Peer thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__rb9e575119e6843bf9aabbf830480c5a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a0d3bd7b0174e4191be6f455358e809ff">idx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__abddec75c85ad48e585591569f3512a87">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ac820941d77ba4478b4db919555bca35d">Peer DN ID in the local DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r590bc41d7a7f434394a7d1dc7df03c4e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a032db1c3341e47c1874ad353016adda0">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a1d0dfedacf574eba9ac9d84ecd18e6ca">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ad5da0f2fb43141daaac34840bf0a51f0">Stream ID in the physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__rab4450c1a2b24d41bc35ed974a2cad7d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__aad4145f8e4f9416186df583a052d893e">tcp_sock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a724740bdb0d842dd9030aa1d9fb6ddad">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a5ac0b15ef1b84539879644c6e94812dc">TCP socket used in the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__rdd7cdcad4f954576b679f636a22f7e7a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a66bfe11d3f1f47e39c2815f82ec59134">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a947b87effd644b1ea65ab1c92af0ad7e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a7db7c5a3c6024279ae13c8be84c4592c">Current status of the stream</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ul1043575017258"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li101063466544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b188771222161214">UNKNOWN</strong>: The logical connection is unknown.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li1610616468545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b9254324161210">READY</strong>: The logical connection is ready.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li610611462541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b1382914253127">RUN</strong>: The logical connection receives packets normally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li210612468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b5634192720123">HOLD</strong>: The logical connection is waiting to receive packets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li161079468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b116312293129">CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is closed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__li14435450142512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b148901130161217">TO_CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is to be closed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r62a7e0dcc888464994491bf7f7604164"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a12154aba15694dddabd13bee292b194f">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a6d9408ae303b42ceb12087ca3146c92c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ac31204bfc44343d49c0435f720792f9c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b6516834141210">debug_query_id</strong> corresponding to the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ra2051550c8f142e287efe31b8dc87233"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ab5781a29365a41ada5aaf8211f0459ba">pn_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a9521f172da614e699efe3a9cb9379c72">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a5eed68c68ec74950b67617d858789d74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b1446717414121">plan_node_id</strong> of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r116b49ff48a745fb9b3fae359ec3077a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__abdc95dbb9a7548dc81d4f44185eaad73">send_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a795bb3ce76cd44cfb6beca65e957915e">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__aa6922f92225a4ffa9f25f9520a510dd8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b1380064615128">smpid</strong> of the sender of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r224ee014313a4417be4554f4a582e726"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ad6e2352d425e4b8282c1052750aab8a1">recv_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a2dd6d7731c5543b2a7c64fe98fa69dbd">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ae210367d03204def8b46cab3bd89fea7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__b1988110091814">smpid</strong> of the receiver of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__re338359f89a84d80ac39e9b6dac35087"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a42d2ddcbfdfc41b6bf82348ef8cd07ce">recv_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a40e4014ab3be4a26bf5e1ae6f9551373">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a1c98382d3126465596dc74120d0e6e32">Total data volume received from the stream. The unit is byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r16ca50cf39ea4f918d714ae4ce21dce9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a365a2072d29645e8b8020b1ef4510e69">time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a1a269ae256be4982b453869b5ede5e05">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a66d2f8e01db944abbc33a8b7d2177ef3">Current life cycle service duration of the stream. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__radd82d333f02444c94b062b3cdcf9492"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a2bc0488605414b59a3b9d02dd08a374d">speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a173e34c2debf47478d4e38601e5d1247">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a437888b0dc7f4e639765e58784eed7cb">Average receiving rate of the stream. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__rd7fbefdf8c014c8f90ff4e83d4b1c690"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__aa0a5a884ae2a4b6980292c2d263991c2">quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ac02eae31e4ec4e17b346bbcf904857c0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__ab957e3c218374b19b3a5eb4844cffff7">Current communication quota value of the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__r9eb166b23824499a8e83c0be44effbb2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__aad21d71077f449e7afeefcf49cfea327">buff_usize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a70eec758348040428c95b81c4a26176a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814693__a7e1672b765624835b441ed4249722ce1">Current size of the data cache of the stream. The unit is byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0725.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0725.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a171fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0725.html
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a454da818c8804280862357020d6cb6ff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b173627408">PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM</strong> displays the sending stream status of all the communication libraries for a single DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__t8f40295666674f099367295a3ec0de61" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ra796f19fb8364d5fafbe0d9c4258b2ac"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a7ac6f622d46944f996b690572cf6b6e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a61bad816987549d99d70e4257737eed0">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a31c815e9353c4af88397bfdd306811ba">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r1549c6549e8349a89f8ca17f084b9030"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__afe83ae6b56564e67b5beb90a895ea9b2">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a2c1396ef773a4524b53cd2b2a417e05b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a6fea384a8a44447788f9f309c216d4ea">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r5304a562b3d943babace5215d26070c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a98134b5073dc495d920b2e75dfefb746">local_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a029efb5ddf8c4e52a5576159e1207c06">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__afd5ffb09cb1143958d89eb673dd415db">ID of the thread using this stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r6cf8153c1d73410a8b9a63a870c8a00d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a633df8205fd54dddaed1e7e722c9b89e">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aa1d77380c66c4869964520b606cef039">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__afd50071b1ab94131bfdbcc598e555a21">Name of the peer node </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r6c84a96d05704dd481d3f8d740005582"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a7875e3a827284375b36fdf878d9081fd">remote_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ae048f4ba1fe045938c5e9a36405f5aee">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a2eb1f0f894084c029aa0c62ba024959d">Peer thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r7f3d1b9e0d3f40d7b5ca79b5dc23fa85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a6f253667f52f4647a9735f38bf353eaa">idx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a126d0405fde64ee99ee600e810fb89cf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aaf8db17776eb44589d718783ddc14bb3">Peer DN ID in the local DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r5c3c1cf70d4d4708938ae2a575aaed50"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ac0a7c5793fda47ea9d095f3f14988fb6">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aa68165c4c8dc496c82260e4f32826628">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__afc5f1665df604143a607090274c3b90d">Stream ID in the physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__rd3550a9e4e7b4d799e4240f23b6e4c34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a80db3e3ea6ae4844b734d5e620448ee4">tcp_sock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a06347adfb699415f875a3f06eb96b559">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a8fb7054d3dd34900864cc6c76a95de03">TCP socket used in the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r176a039dfda14b22b4dc01bed10b40ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a86ee131182d844e08d726ccf67231f82">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ac29633c941fb431f8691837d1e86292d">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a748c4e78ca844b54b448a2c93e7308ba">Current status of the stream</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ul21061746175419"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li101063466544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b8741511171312">UNKNOWN</strong>: The logical connection is unknown.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li1610616468545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b0880141271316">READY</strong>: The logical connection is ready.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li610611462541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b123241714161312">RUN</strong>: The logical connection sends packets normally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li210612468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b3541316191314">HOLD</strong>: The logical connection is waiting to send packets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li161079468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b2714717181313">CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is closed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__li410764616545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b1837321911310">TO_CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is to be closed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r2667416bd8ad4202b4a8634421446521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a3d4626a6133e4c03a31448c4e2e6d2a8">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a1b4ab38555144bc9b7cf73101f8f1d54">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aa2fae46ffb8049cbbaf640272f32e4f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b84235270616574">debug_query_id</strong> corresponding to the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__rc85ee51ea07242be985646555dba4a51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a1060a11ac0d04ba3ac79678bbe2df76e">pn_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a817d1a91ef704da9b76e2bbc0060b638">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a98f97c1d78ec4b7487f89c09e9c0de19"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b842352706165755">plan_node_id</strong> of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__rabed04f0c6694192872618da2fac5859"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a2c1159057478475896c728cfa6591943">send_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aed6ed63b1a304602b27b4a3314a9ff95">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a29d62bb604de44b69f082c592a5244c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b1650716459">smpid</strong> of the sender of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r895d497114114cea88e79797c162495d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a24ea4965f768440eb230b7cbbbba2fa8">recv_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aac15e3e3e4f74e56a830f72bea0e4a18">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a6ed67e18007f4fb1b10d6d536a98d195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__b565221901212615">smpid</strong> of the receiver of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r45cd1561af33418a9aae92e5d876de05"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a0b64b348c86343d1bfa554893589a082">send_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a54c8c111963d4a4bb95d1c316ca8c9df">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a231637389fcc4166b129b90cde92c439">Total data volume sent by the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__re02d8682327a4f9fa3e6b6512dcbc1c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a72639fea68d3439d97e9a3407fd98dde">time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a80c7bc3b31934229b0c0af5dd06f8858">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ab6821d994edb4b05a78204bf73a52e37">Current life cycle service duration of the stream. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r8f7562148fbd4376a1b93ae97b0ccae7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a413bce0681bc447cbb065310069b309f">speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a105d2f3fbfb3424e80bd11182dd95172">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ae3dcd3edf074425fb453fbf8b35e92f2">Average sending rate of the stream. The unit is Byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r4176d246fa454b52b29e6cb7a912a798"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__af9d20e3b14c344f6aae2c4ebf345277d">quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__aa100023f457c4caaa4330e5e0e0aa46f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a415f5d790992480eb0a14dde0f5d1cf9">Current communication quota value of the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__r2e3dc8e9f043409b8ba1e69363ab8c25"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a57f799788da5470aa213b12ddd1b3ef6">wait_quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__a489a62fde9bd485087931a5c2ea26a1f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694609__ab146cec09f8a48b7ad10deaa25a0aa03">Extra time generated when the stream waits the quota value. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0726.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0726.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3163188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0726.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a2cf938ca60fe498a81bf7e26b62426b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__b312411595263">PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG</strong> displays the Cgroup configuration information in the system.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__tee72c617506c44c09c4e15c9b11a9fda" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__r1d5e498174544ad28fef1c0e29b7b76b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.72%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a599fc091a3564547bca64f754806be22"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.78%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a152fd6b64985464abd185ed566ac4a32">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a991256b1516a4cfcab98964b7a38caf0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__re7c140c3af8e43a3981cc28c48e0f951"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.72%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a98a5233d33214882866b0a25bcd273bb">pg_control_group_config</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="9.78%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a973e791b5ccf4d4aad01967f5593a786">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814603__a4cd6ff9e38834659bdacbb2279bff8ae">Configuration information of the cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0727.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0727.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4502b5fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0727.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_CURSORS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a9195cca03c734d6ca454f5a3a33fd2e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__b5686161110306">PG_CURSORS</strong> displays the cursors that are currently available.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__t89798c6b4d2546ca8f1e5be94b62dafa" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_CURSORS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r440e6c387afc4779bf19010d666c3709"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a14b6fc649d6a47938841a276ad7ac127"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a604c0bfcdc394d10bc31106209883380">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a84fe8ea4e31c4c37863caf7b0ddf3c81">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r3772dd1ae1114b6faac4a74e5d7cff1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__ae8d00cec74014f029917319310a4e5fe">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__ab1827e7313c342f3a652e797f20a2228">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a6391cfa8e85540a8874c1560baed107a">Cursor name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r2b1841c5f03548c0b7beab8cf801adb9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__ae9bd34f63ec84354b4e5d7390db17257">statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__aba62fe3ac5124028be1b65e2332bf4ce">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__af31318c72c134d1c8506583b0024f2d2">Query statement when the cursor is declared to change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r2289bc024edf40a29a01ce709b20c74e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__aa6ab5071df024ea08bc51d81dcb4bc06">is_holdable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a1ec1557f56654748ba8d01e184585eb2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__text1945211819325">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a74724af4a3d541b3a5689b9b455b620f">Whether the cursor is holdable (that is, it can be accessed after the transaction that declared the cursor has committed). If it is, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__b1691201733164959">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__rcc58d933053e4f1ab7bb433fb16c1720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a9a87b9ba1ead48e5b05652d1bc0bc73b">is_binary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__aead037a05f0f419b9f68e2072705831f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__text15262395322">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a984943a9791b47bc89648e2340277917">Whether the cursor was declared BINARY. If it was, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__b974728144164848">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r54845a0b405f4e0bb3fa0f1023456f99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a26e4f9c4a68d48daa966647d9b6b7398">is_scrollable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__ae659e85381a048e8afac128d0a28eab5"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__text162008103320">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a84daee64d4b0435885785087c51e807d">Whether the cursor is scrollable (that is, it allows rows to be retrieved in a nonsequential manner). If it is, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__b842352706164718">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__r38f5da84502248d9b688051f4385f8f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.459999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a81d2adaba27a459ebc62173ad4519999">creation_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__a06ba470d5d494a17b6eac8ec1da628e2">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.629999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494469__aad82632e2e3a4c3bb11be4a7453ff075">Timestamp at which the cursor is declared</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0728.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0728.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b56ac924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0728.html
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_EXT_STATS</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427337"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b899153719318">PG_EXT_STATS</strong> displays extension statistics stored in the <a href="dws_04_0620.html">PG_STATISTIC_EXT</a> table. The extension statistics means multiple columns of statistics.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__t0cc79f66b0534f8289e3e9823cfdbbd6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_EXT_STATS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r694980dfc91e46bbb6e75e98ce75c675"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ad54d37637d5e449c8030e06cd74fade6">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__af2fac1fe8d0f4d1eadd73c01359f7f51">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__acf13354fe5ee44829a684de4fa0baaba">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a870dd282f1274282a1e0c49641e774a3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__rbf9af765b4da45e799c4d577ce345eb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__afb882b5fac144bcd9632859fc9fdb029">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__aaaad16af290e41a386b0f840ebfb294e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a8dd065362bdd4afca70e8d8c425546f7"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a144deaf587e74676bfb323bac9e4804e">Name of the schema that contains a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__rc4653bf79b104b5c9768c6cc9b5d9724"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a97baf92fd13d4cad8e213ae3cdc9cfab">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__af11a9c4ef65a48bd8b9d30564335b325">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a59c80818aaff4f32bea9c4caf06da557"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a31673dffc45c41fbbbb78af7dafa09de">Name of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__row18168535104419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p1116816355446">attname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p816833544417">int2vector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p171686353448"><a href="dws_04_0620.html">PG_STATISTIC_EXT</a>.stakey</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p18168203516448">Indicates the columns to be combined for collecting statistics.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r057f829e63a9454c8b61073f0171a756"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ad6fee5c4532049e6b8ff04528088a069">inherited</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ad6250e5c32c9445dae72d57489e4eb01"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__text15054279389">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a0887a46cafa340bbb9b2a9a33d215c35">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a0c8823227403445d93907f4bb0a8e376">Includes inherited sub-columns if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b25101742152720">true</strong>; otherwise, indicates the column in a specified table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r0c30976e19e14cc1ba7c086a1c2d6c2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a6a620f4fa2dd470288c29e44195e50fe">null_frac</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a37079f4f16f5455c814d14e65cdf151c">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a10453840e7a3456c952ec3ca186bc890">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ab72787ac6bec45e8b9fb856fa9897b47">Percentage of column combinations that are null to all records</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r7a2db89099af4ee7addf9497965f53c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a2b83121a6dfd4e148b93ff7fff716448">avg_width</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a6dab776c1bd544a787b8c2845c54cddf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ad40a33b8b91d4118b43529892350f778">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ac5310941d33f4c27801238720be82aaf">Average width of column combinations. The unit is byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r6e7ea05686a446a7a25d0fb71fbb4187"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__abf72bff9d598400083565ae00b730436">n_distinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__afa1cc6f996f84ffea4e4d28da3137c16">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a23a4007c16414663844c28c0fa03f0f1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__u5c026370c3444238b630ec986591d772"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__l12a0ebe92bf747808dd37d54ac8f149e">Estimated number of distinct values in a column combination if the value is greater than 0</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ldfa12f07e2744a99bb609c9c664433fe">Negative of the number of distinct values divided by the number of rows if the value is less than 0</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a79a192f676dd4db0b4020a1b88a72d50">The negated form is used when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b1255146121319">ANALYZE</strong> believes that the number of distinct values is likely to increase as the table grows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__aa32274571f454c66be3dd68a19b8b9dd">The positive form is used when the column seems to have a fixed number of possible values. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b8784173752010">-1</strong> indicates that the number of distinct values is the same as the number of rows for a column combination.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ul9851195416453"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__li6440195854511">The number of distinct values is unknown if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b11722840112019">0</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__rdfb1afdbb25240d18b3828df98e3878b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a37a8f0b0575f4576b57bb4fb33b54600">n_dndistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a463c33036cf64c15a036e229df465507">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a45622a6ee3f248a69c23e75924c008dc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ae119bd57505b426789e67631a681b68b">Number of unique not-null data values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b84235270695425">dn1</strong> column combination</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__u0b6d15c737404aa1ac54a78ba72c77e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__lac4b6811bd0d4693be831cd371d1ca79">Exact number of distinct values if the value is greater than 0</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__l645d8e55884f4557ba0ae2d6f778c7a7">Negative of the number of distinct values divided by the number of rows if the value is less than 0 For example, if a value in a column combination appears twice in average, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b84235270616816">n_dndistinct</strong> equals <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b7216559192219">-0.5</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__l0fc0a32dc3cd48a7a00a093d3ce827b2">The number of distinct values is unknown if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b588635612402">0</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__rea3d8a5ce6fb43ca88341cd20b72d475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__ade8b29c686a14ba3a3f0771f1ec3efd3">most_common_vals</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a0458f418f54947c1b242db2c9ca44780">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a952a1455a1f443118bf6e09c1b429633">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a03013686013e49d6a6d2d7acdc5b75b6">List of the most common values in a column combination. If this combination does not have the most common values, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b15394205082019">most_common_vals_null</strong> will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b16394175032013">NULL</strong>. None of the most common values in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b1070618559206">most_common_vals</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b77065552200">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r6a787e8d272d411a9ac8d945230b8da5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__aeefde76be849497282f623ad90390e76">most_common_freqs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a8fad72e3ca2f41b2a13f712485c32035">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a299ec1adab1d4746b96a250a45ac6863">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__a29c1b15de34a4a18b8a984c499e04ff6">List of the frequencies of the most common values, that is, the number of occurrences of each value divided by the total number of rows. (NULL if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b16611528122716">most_common_vals</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b1684210301278">NULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__row481288129300"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p326086409306">most_common_vals_null</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p240541499306">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p22290309306">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p463337739306">List of the most common values in a column combination. If this combination does not have the most common values, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b2082014253216">most_common_vals_null</strong> will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b48200257210">NULL</strong>. At least one of the common values in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b191471812175913">most_common_vals_null</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b319792510405">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__r0ddfb3bd8e1044749d41ada07607587e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p215619499306">most_common_freqs_null</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p16874219306">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p24634229306">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__p653194959306">List of the frequencies of the most common values, that is, the number of occurrences of each value divided by the total number of rows. (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b1318619684210">NULL</strong> if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b92807556412">most_common_vals_null</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815024__b22803554418">NULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0729.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0729.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4e3214c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0729.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__ae3f69d84b0544262a8eb6341dcf1c836"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__b84235270692324">PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS</strong> displays the information about backend threads on the CN that are connected to the current standby DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__t9422b28fffa44dfd980a6094d3771472" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__r1752932050e140098415d731d4200037"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a8b1423eb105644b1b833559a36b42fea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__ae170c56e41544befb842ec9cbc6f2bd2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a0b046660400d431384c0dead62ca7230">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__r72687b3dd86e4524856957dcdb40ef57"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__afe31f0590eca469aa204c6ea1a86ae63">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a2f92bdec00874be19ae4086f4b03af36">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a55b03adbf04547278814c7a6bd391071">Thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__r4420e49b84ed4633992f9ef3d3ab507f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a8268674b3b724738b749d1ae22a3aa65">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__abad216f5f1d64cf393ee1d88265c9ac6">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__aedc2cf0516fc4f948bbf8e2083059464">Node information connected to the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__rf63f5f6a397b4c07a016d09f0ad01d47"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a0eafa4f414274ba2910949c5ac1caaee">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__ab75dff4f46f9445c906c74727977bfd0">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a21ddf323c1634dd1b5be8b63ae3e8faa">Name of the connected database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__r82510f3f5ef54d7e9f82aa6fd811a75b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__ac650d1bcb891446fbd97e22ef50e9ff0">backend_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a105d972aa4cd44538bbdcbdf92c87b67">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a4bd57efc4e414973bc79fb1bb828ddc8">Backend thread startup time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__r2541a635b42e4169822d440f239b2aef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a7e0f25aa35d44249a1fef7e541c26e10">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__ab7bef339e8fa4068915253f69f5c001a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694829__a2f477d56aa6a461fac9d9c4e2a4fb4b0">Query statement performed by the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0730.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0730.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36fff8c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0730.html
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a970bd44f52714e23a306e545001d7d34"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__b84235270693552">PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME</strong> displays the catchup information of the currently active primary/standby instance sending thread on a single DN.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__tc769afbec27647ec8296e56eefb8115d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__r3ab51eb59e1147fca6697fa6a10cb1ca"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a6e4def7314634a259d9093167e428327">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a7cf28f44cfac48819bea4450579aea4c">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a2cc0024f930c4517a3e6fc5c7859e341">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ra2bd34fc49024cb08bb875fa959326c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__aa1bab3f33d7e4372ae9f200cffb771e2">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a6f017611ae714254b4fd5c7398f7e02d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a2dff98307732493eb2fa9819abcfc339">Current sender thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__r3aa7f2b1f359439c93d26cdf78e54d77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__aa707bdebbac249a68decb11c4b106871">lwpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__af29423a6a0a743d58a425c426de64454">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__aaca8a907d9d14aa999170df88d45a8f3">Current sender lwpid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ra229adf212794b53a3470de111ed6c66"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a8437a22651f244bc8765b6d166eea195">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a1a85fa4a6bca416fbbe2c515b2754213">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a29071257e2da45ffa8fec64fd37721fa">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__rcac1a5937c02482b865f07d247955706"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a8ac3b3fff7b640a8b2b360b02f563f96">peer_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ae01bb9aadcce416a9865551569b8066a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ab81685f757684962ae9e972e1a32c211">Peer role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__r63342fcfc14f4073a1f68a96c65a9129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ad5090cc4c7bc48f49a442d6270bf5a5c">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ad49a25511241426fb609ea1be06ad016">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__ad90d823ce7a240f7a22b24fa132144f8">Current sender's replication status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__rb5b6eea8a57d437d8693348305d550d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a5686b5705447416687b2388d8c773f16">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a153a82e93f9148c7a9686be26bb8f3fe">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__af593759741fb44ad86af1fd244b2a68d">Current sender type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__r9475d51eebf744b6825db5c5eecc4d7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a991e44234cf64b4e9a9fee4538fe45fa">catchup_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a681b86fbbfc34b4eaf2d7823fbd0529c">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a1af1604b9822448b8f08f3b32cddfa63">Startup time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__re023ebe5bfdd41a290bd1ac92432d74e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__abc9e3f1e44fe41ac90bb8698a80ea116">catchup_end</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a066c5383478a472ab27da8ad7b6936ce">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__a9f9039cd1a7e4cb59dd4b6e1ec9c7ad2">End time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row6652528907"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p13471017184719">catchup_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p3482017134713">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p448181719474">Catchup task type, full or incremental</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row18133124716014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p1104181815477">catchup_bcm_filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p10104101819473">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p3104171854710">BCM file executed by the current catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row1022419482020"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p182552019154718">catchup_bcm_finished</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p14255111917477">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p12551219114712">Number of BCM files completed by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row69140486018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p825562118474">catchup_bcm_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p92553218470">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p15255202174716">Total number of BCM files to be operated by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row1027775013018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p8114133165010">catchup_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p11114173335010">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p19114333165018">Completion percentage of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__row15985850307"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p856734195018">catchup_remaining_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p1156534115019">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814441__p656143415500">Estimated remaining time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0731.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0731.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce63d261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0731.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_GROUP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__en-us_topic_0059777999_p161983376522"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__b84235270695658">PG_GROUP</strong> displays the database role authentication and the relationship between roles.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__t0eeaf951ad5548498f9403fe544cd1fe" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_GROUP columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__rc6836109f8784fdbae3f889b32c24c9a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__af3615dcea9594c5da380ec1dac178e48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a52eb52a1df83487993e6bd8f58780bb7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a8674cbb4e3a1452e84615812ab30b5d6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__r531f4f6b173c4cfa87a795069cb8b062"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a37df50d36556471693b98e0dd22626de">groname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a5903c631c90b4a178c2b7fe9762ad884">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__af6db1e6672e74960bd33be801ab2a154">Group name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__r7d6419f22ba44bdbb9f9c7d5c4b934be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a332ee3e0d4a0483fb4c22603e0b89146">grosysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a38199d0f91194d6c8d570d5623408b2b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__aef257f7184fd4f0eac99ce35a463f952">Group ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__rb1d478dc7d554387bec383e3d71b846b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a482b1c9028f342b1af9395245049e66b">grolist</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__a85b7f5c6b589499a855ecfefa1a2c76e">oid[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494737__af5a3888117284508907a815f1bc2346e">An array, including all the role IDs in this group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0732.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0732.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b9e196e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0732.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a79f4a824f6454c0f9b58bdaacb5ff230"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__b84235270617736">PG_INDEXES</strong> displays access to useful information about each index in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__t6752a0fa401e461a81eb90b3c9cb3762" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__r00561005ab6546bf9f5d1eec3545bb9b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__ad665784a19684523977a5862aa949c9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a15b3cafc4b994a79b781c951a1943ed1">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a29f97bf571164f248baf64478f2b7b75">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__ae080ba636701453b944615e235675443">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__r821bb8ac64c24222be3e5d38e4f4f681"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a57421fa4c7144bdb8024f709cbd45d40">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a009da414521c409ba346128378434ca9">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__ac49eb0957de34590b836320f344bbf91"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a716cd0063eac4cc695b58c779a301797">Name of the schema that contains tables and indexes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__r1998b036c30c47628207e7761cd0fad4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a4581326cd597430cb6f037e3c45a523e">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__affcdaab1efc149adbbfa7d02d94e9537">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a0e5c514301e54923bd5f947325606bd2"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__ad61caa49206b416484bf88d959a435f7">Name of the table for which the index serves</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__rcd43f20b95db4c19a321dbcd1355d7f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a625b52fbc4904cdcba0db2cb61aa53e7">indexname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a8866d17ea7674a8aaa4dde8e575803ea">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a82480c685ccd4037b5d6ea5bd7624839"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a6a56310e308a46598968b06c5a1ad2c8">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__r88ad5cd10b53487ebe00461d08838297"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a0729658f4cc24a43955bb6427f8f8482">tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a678580b87ea74a50b59771945f38b5df">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a0b64747cd3be4793a061e33d2831b1dd"><a href="dws_04_0622.html">PG_TABLESPACE</a>.spcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a5271d14ce18b477fb208b86d11ee20b9">Name of the tablespace that contains the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__r39419e0b87d141b990cef092a6a124f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a7d13cde2a0a246a393c89a4c0478db8e">indexdef</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a5ecec5de235745539763c06f62483daf">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a0bdf5dab0e5c4895a27ae025da134bbc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__a3dafa7ee5abc4bdf8a6524f6d21ac39c">Index definition (a reconstructed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654690__b1580175014149">CREATE INDEX</strong> command)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0733.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0733.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea436df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0733.html
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_JOB</h1>
+<div id="body1599815907173"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p021219202209">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b119471724155810">PG_JOB</strong> view replaces the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b183112475585">PG_JOB</strong> system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b19491575912">PG_JOB</strong> system catalog is changed to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b145411725135913">PG_JOBS</strong> system catalog. For details about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b13578038105910">PG_JOBS</strong>, see <a href="dws_04_0596.html">PG_JOBS</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__t9ec63a5df95b4f61ae3d9194bcb47d74" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_JOB columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__en-us_topic_0059778581_row5106215531"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__a65781afeccb04be195fc89bfda9ad930">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__ad4cced91bf064f95b1b0f2a1db21b3f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__en-us_topic_0059778581_p910651155317">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__r1a913116e97a4c88bb26769f05cea246"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p10531181312206">job_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p752917135206">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p115271513202016">Job ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row22841961011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p72859931011">current_postgres_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p172858917107">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p8285595108">If the current job has been executed, the PostgreSQL thread ID of this job is recorded. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b842352706172928">-1</strong>, indicating that the job has not yet been executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row93015071417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p12317503141">log_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p13145015140">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p13195011412">User name of the job creator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row688175531413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1788165551416">priv_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p788195517149">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p388185531410">User name of the job executor</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row124861258191415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p348675881418">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p14486195861414">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p748635817141">Name of the database where the job is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row8476151211512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p547691210156">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p9476111215151">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p144761712191510">CN node on which the job will be created and executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row68621314171511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p18862131471512">job_status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p6862191416153">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p7986302199">Status of the current job. The value range is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b144632581413">r</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b2496601423">s</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b20487951721">f</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b933616811214">d</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__a1fa41e25da3c496c9b7e4f7c20609732">s</strong>. The indications are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__ul571114153198"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li19711141551916">r=running</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li871212150199">s=successfully finished</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li17712715171918">f=job failed</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li2712191518195">d=disable</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p610321821716">If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b842352706144344">job_status</strong> is automatically set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b204292623614446">d</strong>, and no more attempt will be made on this job.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__note81622539192"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__ul4961338132213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li174081043132214">Note: When you disable a scheduled task (by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b7541111318254">job_queue_processes</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b842352706105039">0</strong>), the thread monitor the job execution is not started, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b1664712294318">job_status</strong> will not be updated. You can ignore the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b759910511838">job_status</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__li79611038132215">Only when the scheduled task function is enabled (that is, when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b84235270611821">job_queue_processes</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b84235270611825">0</strong>), the system updates the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__b1687213551155">job_status</strong> based on the real-time job status.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row18395917191511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p7395517131513">start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1244410341198">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p93958176154">Start time of the first job execution, precise to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row385172013159"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p18552017159">next_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p128517201155">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1685720181518">Scheduled time of the next job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row67841922101517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p11785122211518">failure_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p3785122241510">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1078522241515">Number of times the job has started and failed. If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, no more attempt will be made on it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row1176016170244"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p67611817112414">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1761171772416">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p13761191711245">Job execution interval</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row720472162418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p15205172112413">last_start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p10205162118246">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p16205142110241">Start time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row1988302372414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p20883182312419">last_end_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p38839236243">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p12883132313243">End time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row1985182612242"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p158511263247">last_suc_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p88513264247">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1085182692417">Start time of the last successful job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row926723342410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p726810331249">this_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p4268203302413">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p6268123318242">Start time of the ongoing job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row1069419413361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p206951347360">nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1869520413619">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p136953483619">Name of the namespace where a job is running</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__row1648820913610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p74889915361">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p44885917368">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494583__p1248814916364">Job content</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0734.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0734.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..854e3a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0734.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_JOB_PROC</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__en-us_topic_0059778581_p782995913525">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b629242718720">PG_JOB_PROC</strong> view replaces the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b82986271576">PG_JOB_PROC</strong> system catalog in earlier versions and provides forward compatibility with earlier versions. The original <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b587292111811">PG_JOB_PROC</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b6144428088">PG_JOB</strong> system catalogs are merged into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b157522481483">PG_JOBS</strong> system catalog in the current version. For details about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__b794432898">PG_JOBS</strong> system catalog, see <a href="dws_04_0596.html">PG_JOBS</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__t9ec63a5df95b4f61ae3d9194bcb47d74" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_JOB_PROC columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__en-us_topic_0059778581_row5106215531"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__a65781afeccb04be195fc89bfda9ad930">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__ad4cced91bf064f95b1b0f2a1db21b3f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__en-us_topic_0059778581_p910651155317">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__r5160d4bf9fdb44749025e0995d999382"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p48793336208">job_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p1687803312012">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p2876103362012">Job ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__r1a913116e97a4c88bb26769f05cea246"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p1887517332207">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p19873163352016">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894417__p5851173319204">Job content</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0735.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0735.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f426c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0735.html
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_JOB_SINGLE</h1>
+<div id="body1599815907173"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p65865272020">PG_JOB_SINGLE displays job information about the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__t9ec63a5df95b4f61ae3d9194bcb47d74" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_JOB_SINGLE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__en-us_topic_0059778581_row5106215531"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__a65781afeccb04be195fc89bfda9ad930">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__ad4cced91bf064f95b1b0f2a1db21b3f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__en-us_topic_0059778581_p910651155317">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__r5160d4bf9fdb44749025e0995d999382"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p48793336208">job_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p1687803312012">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p2876103362012">Job ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__r1a913116e97a4c88bb26769f05cea246"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p1887517332207">current_postgres_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p19873163352016">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p5851173319204">If the current job has been executed, the PostgreSQL thread ID of this job is recorded. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b195985011611">-1</strong>, indicating that the job has not yet been executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row867424225114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p96749426511">log_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p116741142105119">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p36741842125110">User name of the job creator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row1034611462511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p13471546125120">priv_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p12347146145114">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p534794665112">User name of the job executor</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row877584813512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p27751448175115">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p977594814511">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p2775204895114">Name of the database where the job is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row12186351195117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p018618511517">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p518615510515">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p17187125111511">CN node on which the job will be created and executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row15386195305115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p4386105315110">job_status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p20386115313512">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p438616538519">Status of the current job. The value range is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b867411321614">r</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b186795132163">s</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b967951321620">f</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b1268091314167">d</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b19680161391616">s</strong>. The indications are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__ul39973288289"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li4997132813286">r=running</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li1499782852817">s=successfully finished</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li1099772819286">f=job failed</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li8998162815285">d=disable</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p171931353145318">If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b160261519164">job_status</strong> is automatically set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b1760213158168">d</strong>, and no more attempt will be made on this job.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__note81622539192"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__ul4961338132213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li174081043132214">Note: When you disable a scheduled task (by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b157026173304">job_queue_processes</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b11357161813168">0</strong>), the thread monitor the job execution is not started, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b9357131810167">job_status</strong> will not be updated. You can ignore the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b113571188160">job_status</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__li79611038132215">Only when the scheduled task function is enabled (that is, when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b586252081619">job_queue_processes</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b128621720181611">0</strong>), the system updates the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__b10862202041619">job_status</strong> based on the real-time job status.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row15623155519515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p0623165513518">start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p12623135512511">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p962311557510">Start time of the first job execution, precise to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row183019574516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p198301257125111">next_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p198301257125117">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p18830155710518">Scheduled time of the next job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row17981205914518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p199811559135119">failure_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p19811359115115">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p16981259195119">Number of times the job has started and failed. If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, no more attempt will be made on it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row196688235216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p12668122115211">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p116681527527">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p1668228523">Job execution interval</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row66813712521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p76807105211">last_start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p16897155217">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p96814765215">Start time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row93756975215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p33755917521">last_end_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p6375169195213">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p1737518975213">End time of the last job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row576417118527"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p97641112522">last_suc_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p276410118524">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p376481175220">Start time of the last successful job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row161158301564"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p1611683013565">this_run_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p14116173095619">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p21161030165615">Start time of the ongoing job execution, accurate to millisecond</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row1036194611457"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p123654616453">nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p3361546154515">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p83664604511">Name of the namespace where a job is running</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__row1222074944516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p19220154917453">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p42209496454">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654716__p18220549134511">Job content</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0736.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0736.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c27cb42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0736.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE</h1>
+<div id="body0000001138152129"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p44621731204012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__b5218453760">PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE</strong> displays the distribution of cold and hot data in a multi-temperature table of OBS.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__table24621831194020" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_LIFECYCLE_DATA_DISTRIBUTE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row0462183144012"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p746263119400">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1946219311404">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p446217314408">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row346211316400"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1445534174314">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p34633317404">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1946383164011">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row5463133114409"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1420171412436">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p15463123117405">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1246353118403">Current table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row1280015542438"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p680015413431">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p138001754184315">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p6800125416431">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row5289195912435"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p7289459104316">hotpartition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1428916599436">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p0289155974312">Hot partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row102941348204313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p12951148164313">coldpartition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p329584814317">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p8295748194313">Cold partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row146363184015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1809142724315">switchablepartition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1046353194012">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p227117547469">Switchable partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row04633312402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p18851113564315">hotdatasize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p34287151235">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p9868716194713">Data size of the hot partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row16305509440"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p203075094417">colddatasize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p49341717202314">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1930185010441">Data size of the cold partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__row35265434417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p652165444418">switchabledatasize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p7214172012238">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974700__p1452105414414">Data size of the switchable partition on the DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_LOCKS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__en-us_topic_0059779012_p186404285537"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1249423918360">PG_LOCKS</strong> displays information about the locks held by open transactions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__te10e5c92456a4b5ba6c02c714205f96b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_LOCKS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r02debbe1544442979e6fb249011ceff7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a320559050e18418a98b902e19d435f2f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a1864cac105b440ad8901f602fc3465eb">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aa49fedcd71064f609fc1910c8928934f">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a88c6f41b17064d0c828af27994120741">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r080b9dd715a842dea26ad164c899be94"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__af009738cfb06400d959beaf7ed445be8">locktype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a459df28c115d4b9e94b3219d3edc5216">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a90f1bf0ec9af40fea34a66111bac9a94">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a89b83ab8ed8246f8ac7e1b0538546fe8">Type of the locked object: relation, extend, page, tuple, transactionid, virtualxid, object, userlock, and advisory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__rf28e8562bb0341cd89820bec08441172"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a8d2ca73c69014de1bd6ec80ab7bace78">database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aaa7d3f401256460ca3f2ca25e7c6d352">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aa73560e049f2487394c8927fbed89e22"><a href="dws_04_0582.html">PG_DATABASE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a7034b20e91bc440aaa081a41f6d6bddc">OID of the database in which the locked target exists</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__u578204bfb5654c3abf8196fff78a327b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__lfe45fb6568964cb480aa7ff6e8b4fdc9">The OID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1583813101318">0</strong> if the target is a shared object.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__l7ad4048cc4114e79802667bf2f4b3261">The OID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b954185083418">NULL</strong> if the locked target is a transaction.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__rd3ccd2c948bb4e93bc90e28c341a0e33"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a01513f03742041fc92ad116b1a6eb66e">relation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a9fb9d85c0e7647edb199cbf431c035d1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__af60b6046ef4b42d58c49979422c18352"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a7256db14cc1f4eed992b086a7bdf6549">OID of the relationship targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b12976816161611">NULL</strong> if the object is neither a relationship nor part of a relationship.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r5863209edc224445817011004ececf42"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a2d0fac953d77422a8eeff44e1cda0602">page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a5b157beb86cb4b92a82f927e8d213f42">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a933525af964e473eaeedafc4ebd1ed48">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ada57496b309049c7928f20719c85319f">Page number targeted by the lock within the relationship. If the object is neither a relation page nor row page, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b359855425819">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r3b9e2a4b9773443585d77c318503da4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a23d2d7cc36bf4bd786f7cef80a08d048">tuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a322480133de34672bdb0175fa5d1e87e">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a8f0e75ac06e34f8f9b918e239b55b898">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ab26ec3810f47404aa0e1599af5adb236">Row number targeted by the lock within the page. If the object is not a row, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b743872575719">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r4909e652bf5c47b8a18c4597e236ad86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ad630048ceb9b44af86624027b380d89c">virtualxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a79ffe37ddb4a4864a618923b83cc7001">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a36fcdbb049f847008d460b229a9cab0a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ada72af36374e4ebbaa663150cee1d35b">Virtual ID of the transaction targeted by the lock. If the object is not a virtual transaction ID, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b16625114572">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r734c126d4c31422bb1727e80b4b1b899"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a28a8b7027e8143628c990f4a9c9d7932">transactionid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a6ab49199348b4b7b85bce7c284ca341a">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a8f7412785e974336b7132bea20c3f420">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a321688be8a014e3fabdb496d569064f2">ID of the transaction targeted by the lock. If the object is not a transaction ID, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1392316524569">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r1ac6eb468470439faa32522f39e6a2fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a97256e352e204910a8edce7973668f43">classid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__af1c0d97428cf45d99cd043f485f329a7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a5e85c225b63045e79a75af7c578fa309"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a38100aa820d344c6b2ad147839703c73">OID of the system table that contains the object. If the object is not a general database object, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1729423085819">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r0729ec9128ed4ae9bb75bc7cd90c1740"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a2ad2b83ba93248218bba87a06fd5f5e2">objid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a2dbf945fbdbf49b4ac656cb2dd524708">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a75b3d628c99e45c993a55b01164b5d99">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a2dc31835f5b548c9b0e7b5745951ed77">OID of the lock target within its system table. If the target is not a general database object, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1515515110585">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__rcbf3c7f7ffaa45ad879adefa91386870"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a529e4de85b9141bd9420e25eec103180">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aae5376519e5d46c0bc899607a4f12a1f">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a2c4b6bdf128c4a2f8b695a8b5f19f1c0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a51f2b8299aab4d8dbd2abf44a19a5c17">Column number for a column in the table. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b101911413316">0</strong> if the target is some other object type. If the object is not a general database object, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1739871013">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r47483bcaf0604c9a87e0ed310444ce3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aa4023b4d7d9f49f3b19c4f704f81921d">virtualtransaction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__afc3c755be56d4e3a9571fdcb0f67897a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a82e267a9dc234defbb6f2b9d65c10b95">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a990ab195c6fc43edbbbe407100efe4a1">Virtual ID of the transaction holding or awaiting this lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r428b8c47ea2c4d15bcab8b2fd9c21428"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a211ade5607b7467cbd660fb87ca8430a">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ae28c27c36f2e4002a1c55d930bf12a54">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a1b092af1bb9b42d39ba9633cbdc3a635">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a1d798ed8be5d40aa8bc38896a007274a">Logical ID of the server thread holding or awaiting this lock. This is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1911851195917">NULL</strong> if the lock is held by a prepared transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r0a709463751e4e2689d29cc4ea7da99c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__add658b44ec3e4aae9e0882ef728eda14">mode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aaeb22d537e924c98a7f8347263e6aa74">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a83fcae4e5bb64bd9b89ddef8b1ac3187">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ab1b8e73c28f04ed88e93d2ae7376e308">Lock mode held or desired by this thread For more information about lock modes, see "LOCK" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__i894115510313">GaussDB(DWS) SQL Syntax Reference</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__p19668830102015"></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__r288c7ab211b34d4fbcb29691564f61f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aa3a9a7528beb4fa0af5540fa39a4cfff">granted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__ab74a9a6bad4e4136bd3d6fc08db8a93e"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__text147982239364">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__afbfb7708c54e43c3bcf9ed238434a8bb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__u957728521c1743a3be5ad759df25b187"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__l4c7bf2fe03f24c0a9b81fa7f67466d74">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b744264414814">true</strong> if the lock is a held lock.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__l8b10b836ebc3418aba4442271b74e8de">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1444599810">false</strong> if the lock is an awaited lock.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__rd50bfae7668d474fa9f9974c97e7028b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a67d830625ec545779680c62d22127637">fastpath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a0c6268f7b6844e1db72659d4433393e2"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__text590492410368">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__aabfb6bdd7937479992b0c72c366bc500">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__a254b1047faf940309ff1288f0c9cdce4">Whether the lock is obtained through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b376010291722">fast-path</strong> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b1676511291325">true</strong>) or main lock table (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814461__b117651229127">false</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0738.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0738.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..140d43a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0738.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_NODE_ENV</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a49367814a81b4576b8f0c40a2b53bcdf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__b842352706175410">PG_NODE_ENVO</strong> displays the environmental variable information about the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__teffc00b54c3341d6b052ebfa57ebdd53" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_NODE_ENV columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__r7b7334ff74164b92a13d260d50687ed6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a1bd297cc1771434790349e72d2e186f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__af20d2a944bf948c08cf50ace67b43d5d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a2aee35c3b88147449a2d4e515651957d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__r6502e62cac5345fb9b6ece0907e08a66"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a733bc25365014363a558f4c4dd99a1d6">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a403eb12473c743098b20a43045346960">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a70bdd5b33ef9497da6af31c58152b899">Name of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__re83bda550855465dbc8e5c71f752e052"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__ab8de17c3b7b64276b0809e5e4a23ace8">host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__adfd4381ff9aa4c708f820684e06d5cfb">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__ae3840fd252ca4612b36bbbbd4b23cd7a">Host name of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__rb4e83e77c02b4ebaa2447d9ba4976aef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__aa82b5cd701704f4dbb4212253e43254a">process</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a56ff7314234b4afdb717b080cd1d9463">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__afe70b3b9f06b4e4b8c64f6ebd41b9f13">Process ID of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__rb383f9c4edb046b9adc3ea808a550529"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__ab5b28a9341c242669b4378526c7a8a42">port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a485555522d89498c900b742c7ca295fa">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a5bda0147ceca42b39e14fcfe4a111185">Port ID of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__r7afb4f55fe724c2faff8506c03bd0059"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a39c0de3b118c4483a0df77845331ee0a">installpath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a4d2a324e58604e3a8af69034b4acc46c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a875cb09045df4074b3387398915e4c6f">Installation directory of current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__r0cb473080c6f499895a83b41f865ee34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a9fefb29f5618466fbf54911c30eb67d4">datapath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a021272d5681d40d0bd04a4336b079e9e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a8faff7010ca84668a7b2fe769574d49d">Data directory of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__rb6feefb4c0734f3db0a882c2e434bbd5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a01178f8c41e149e0809523d8cd45cba1">log_directory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__ab10ca90c8ed943428bd3f36e67ed2012">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814622__a62b045f00cdd48f9810d1ff7dc31918f">Log directory of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0739.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0739.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4267ee72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0739.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_OS_THREADS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__en-us_topic_0059778524_p87094533538"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__b842352706101331">PG_OS_THREADS</strong> displays the status information about all the threads under the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__t91e29be5d1344dfcb86a1a81c0202986" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_OS_THREADS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__r5bec33339b19492ebeb7f113520742d3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__afa0eb80ec3064a04ab51a1c4dd0f5073"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__ab5238e09349b4b639a18c913417b1b46">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a4d701a3146f84ce38fd1a403a5053a91">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__rd9e9650043674cbeb9f784c1676b8567"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a7084f5aee221468bb1ab0afc2184eef8">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a32f25eb172a1463f9775422c26ec8d73">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a211e43fae69f4128a44e6127f449ab2a">Name of the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__rc960c16dc1da49ef92c97cee96ed405b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a37c93e76529541cf8a8d547b886c8938">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__afa7909b82f564efd83f2f84b1d3be8ca">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__accd7d52cc7d543258d402a0f8b54f9a3">Thread number running under the current node process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__r3c25963bc4a84942b0b9714e02e4bb5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a3108d6b6f25a4c8cad4e4a4d286f45ac">lwpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__ae7b0076866dc4d97a1615058d178acc1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a58c5c7f68243480482b7908731ece61b">Lightweight thread ID corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__r5e2bf6934b4f4aeab603a6d4688e67c5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a2d2a41abfd16447faf83bd486204f786">thread_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a261fd4d11a8b4b91aa33eb17e8782704">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a3d7c4d2c69aa44f1b45c632476f5a4ed">Thread name corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__r5a55d51c94414b29a72bedbec9165f3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a0ced3fa2d42d4203b21f74bd628a8708">creation_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a681a73c8a59c44a2a2ddd4850a2ecea5">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974752__a1e8ae2df19854ffd86394e058fbcdc9d">Thread creation time corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0740.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0740.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7546f7a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0740.html
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_POOLER_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__en-us_topic_0059778473_p43225613542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__b1373610165405">PG_POOLER_STATUS</strong> displays the cache connection status in the pooler. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__b842352706204511">PG_POOLER_STATUS</strong> can only query on the CN, and displays the connection cache information about the pooler module.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__t3f993a95f6f34cd3a4dc7f15ce45d5f5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_POOLER_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__rc994db495224434ab8347fd437361ba0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ad2554ff5fdf948eeba6bf6b90dfcc958"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ac7a9c336b9fd4d8a980b40ff3d2f06de">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__aa7927584005a44d2901b3384f21212fa">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r7ac68ad4cfb5483b8effe71c4c3fb4fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a68c481caf10c4376b4c7e18da8c7960a">database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__acf8723531c6542cab23786b5fc7dc57c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__acfe1a10e43eb473a83326160fd2ea67e">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r6b68d976915649118eeb30c8110667a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a32d268124f8745149d23ba470921820a">user_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a2f1d88b933e54e439c2d2647f37caa69">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a852dc93a8cad4acda264b51002b8e8b0">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r72881cd766c545598cb07b51aeac4700"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__af79ea9ca55b04e54b3c4dfeb869f31ac">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a2e235d93aa8d409dbe24228ce756264d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ac182a1054f0b4047871324d00eb62816">ID of a thread connected to the CN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r1eb63be70a7d4239a073ae41fb03f54e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a1ea4f486ed304d029886afe216c92c29">node_oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ad0c821056e314b7b98ad405df5923665">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ad707e6f1d646411a943b790f8b836b83">OID of the node connected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r43c118b9179f4a148012867c5902340b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__aeb8cf9aac90e470ba3c6926af8a8e754">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a52293c5d0c24493eb217dc29c641c589">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__aca537a1e8e474829ae9d3951c8cbf505">Name of the node connected</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r6254a9b64d29436fa097f1adcf81945a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a2b9cb46ff7ee42b1a3024a2f22e7dbbb">in_use</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a4bb242936ec64d20a42c6c909de80538"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__text11457942193614">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ac6170ae75ff1423487d4b79a25bc72c0">Whether the connection is in use</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__ub4fa0cd2ac1645eba27944c3919d7f34"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__l1adc74f3a96c4c18b63f4019d0a90f69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__b842352706204459">t</strong> (true): indicates that the connection is in use.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__l31e8f9f6036f4c839cdafa0723d154d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__b84235270620451">f</strong> (false): indicates that the connection is not in use.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__row1438023255615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p143801632125619">fdsock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p5380163225617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p16380193214561">Peer socket.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__row174610174572"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p1746151725720">remote_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p17461191775717">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__p20461121725718">Peer thread ID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__r9c435f27f22d41f8a49bdd988254f817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__aa39140bb12a5442eb44b7e0667a99ca7">session_params</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__adaf9bcc49d134322828a8d46b95fc84f">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975076__a44342ac395fc4f7b972fe66653f730fc">GUC session parameter delivered by the connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0741.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0741.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96c85da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0741.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__en-us_topic_0059778133_p635171017541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__b119152035184110">PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS</strong> displays all prepared statements that are available in the current session.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__tda497608a7fd4250b4a7166a69d54a83" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__r245214919afb432194f256a61d58cfe1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a64c3661ef99a4c2c8bc1262ddf14ef13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__afdf13d52ddc04110b3e3d0ac9a831b87">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a4a5d64b7ab0241b085ef507810c1c7de">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__r48a9cd5a397f4dffadbad2884b938154"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a9173c68d493047b9bd5f5edebb6dac64">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__abd900f713e1f4553a630c5a44e73e8f5">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__aa9981189c21c4e3d9cc22ea4539c0e39">Identifier of the prepared statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__r6d7ac29d205f47a09019d59d9c48f4f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a24026af554a1444b8f80c46a1239df63">statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a46205f90bf9049118a37abfabc5b4e06">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__aae762187fb1545979bf09403ecd75a04">Query string for creating this prepared statement For prepared statements created through SQL, this is the PREPARE statement submitted by the client. For prepared statements created through the frontend/backend protocol, this is the text of the prepared statement itself.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__reda43236067048eba5de4ea7943b425e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a595aac6dc32146aaab95577f69b56108">prepare_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__ab9eb8f8e0fff497ba984b6dc4deebd84">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__aab1aae21e55447d9b8d8b7220bf431bb">Timestamp when the prepared statement is created</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__rf495870549d84a5aa1b47098832f1bed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a940087130c394aff90d5bead04da7250">parameter_types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__ab137fe6b1ce9440e9ce56649b0dcbbdf">regtype[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__ac6a26cd32c0f4579856862645e22e1ae">Expected parameter types for the prepared statement in the form of an array of <strong>regtype</strong>. The OID corresponding to an element of this array can be obtained by casting the regtype value to oid.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__r731dc14b00694477923306dcfdd67fa1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a82aec8538879474e9de11ae61919ca88">from_sql</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__a87aafdac6b10468495d95c45cede9915"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__text778744113615">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__p342339173720">How a prepared statement was created</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__u96ef9053fe864a6ab4e4e6d37a041150"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__l4b3e156ba9f94d87966a20e18d593ffc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__b48859686173741">true</strong>: The prepared statement was created through the PREPARE statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__l5e6d78445b824a0784216e55b3c3f631"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655228__b33493934173747">false</strong> The statement was prepared through the frontend/backend protocol.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0742.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0742.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17ff4930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0742.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_PREPARED_XACTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a4759be61c76341a995590316bb745c4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__b842352706174651">PG_PREPARED_XACTS</strong> displays information about transactions that are currently prepared for two-phase commit.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__ta70abfbeec76437ba38ff91f4625a6d3" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_PREPARED_XACTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__r185d4f332ec641ff80fac828b53db9d5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a93fcff9a14d74ee99479dc40f16a46e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a07b480e031384d8d8dd4aa6d5bac1cbe">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a73aa0dac1fad49bd89518d7f24b73fd5">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a34b82852621e474583c4e38340fca9b1">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__rebcd2fdd55de427cb55597bfaf27725b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a1b081b800e89412c880ed7151f96abb4">transaction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__abddc01e28fc7405896592f36f176833e">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__aee815730dbf0444b8139ed5751f46dad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a71e5157b81414460880b2ea6bf29ac70">Numeric transaction identifier of the prepared transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__re1a592a971564417bb7abd37d27f879a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a807bdccd5e264a5b84219aed8cfda17b">gid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__abedb72fde5f34729878f19146098ad63">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__ae54ef7c7e1914461ac7421755a40f1b2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a1fd5d4c2a4d1482caba5fe9a423160e2">Global transaction identifier that was assigned to the transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__r2a02b1b8406747759ff41670f0c96b0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__ae94a23854a784b07b29d5de924517941">prepared</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a84f41d78807e4c51a02f3ecca17870eb">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__ae1cf9f5327cf48d58b258840f0bdf149">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a7868fc9cf56f491099cd4dafeb1c8e60">Time at which the transaction is prepared for commit</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__r1050ee778b634c9b84e553a959b7e315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__ad922883db40948318df1be1d7640f594">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__addbb98b6b23f4d4aa6f9316194750f2e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a7514602e57184e2eb49fb0616c78d8f9"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.rolname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__abf8f4bc859944a409c25e9928f2c75d2">Name of the user that executes the transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__rfba23c2380e64454a192a787b2c999a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a78efad1883cf46bcb5f07b1283271c04">database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a9da4f383975d4aa8b06b393fb1369588">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__aa6667efc27a5439384368899ec92d6bc"><a href="dws_04_0582.html">PG_DATABASE</a>.datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974512__a59702f37b5774f26b88b2664fbb9a7bf">Name of the database in which the transaction is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0743.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0743.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b617c779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0743.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION</h1>
+<div id="body0000001127171037"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__en-us_topic_0059778133_p635171017541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b10865328183312">PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION</strong> displays information about the object associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b65711710161414">query_band</strong> and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b10706191371412">query_band</strong> query order.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__t6f11cadd47a44c028338d0ac307648e1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_QUERYBAND_ACTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__r9db0b6ed668647b9b29ca777dc19033d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__a019351a92bca4997bb676fb4484de692">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__af6ecd046dd754e70a2be4faea815f640">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__af7c2316d5dbc4ea99350be53a6383959">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__r2303dea2c634445a98245a386e197976"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__ab19d7b34618e427e9f06ec1f9a628f76">qband</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__a3b88fb1ab9a04f4dbc065d93d3a645f0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p18920153151510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b1344222114147">query_band</strong> key-value pairs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__rc6354060a0c04fd08b1af0a2b8cc8532"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__abc89c03fd10d4b6f94fc8c069bfb65d4">respool_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__a2c031a7253444bb182a3ec5b52d7a760">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__aaab2eaf09e9e40cfa512c0432e47e070">OID of the resource pool associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b2173182621416">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__r1ed064cb69844c399c82a6b707a5b9df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__aaa8d97b0d5d84ae3b1b1e1f392161067">respool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__ab5db8a81b86345abb019d44da85283b4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__ab2e37399d5114ed59ebe117c7db946b8">Name of the resource pool associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b105811531101411">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__r140bbc3d25534de2876a54dc5e4c5f79"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p1411317596145">priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p143951323141517">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p45219528155">Intra-queue priority associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b1916133431416">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__r987a58d47e59458c9e483840978eef16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__a6a07d36006e846e1ba69fe048b38a502">qborder</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p3521989515">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__p729416014167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894673__b279212385145">query_band</strong> query order</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0744.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0744.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..493b7a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0744.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__en-us_topic_0059777747_p621602514547"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__b842352706174622">PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS</strong> displays the replication node information.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__t26a4b825d2e040a0a80a489a50ab17cc" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__reb25eedda4e94b929a4879fb83d02da4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__ac40536ee14464c5ebb9b58022aad5020"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a2bd4b323b2254da9b0c82dec3dcc2cef">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a88c4475a99f04d00a60340b83a2edf42">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r2f382830fdbc4aa9b252a88df990fcc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a7bae8971bf2d44949e57c3b22549de6f">slot_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__add17e7db8e494858b8617c1611479331">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__ab5422d17812945e69d629aaba44ae9de">Name of a replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__row439715123812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p4397165116382">plugin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p103971151163812">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p10397185113384">Name of the output plug-in of the logical replication slot</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r9ce7381ec6c7427ab68838c0956dc698"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__ac2a6b7d820fb4d1dbf703367c07103ce">slot_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a6ae25c8048914f078934e9e11888d8c7">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__aaa85a1b640b44c83965e5b455e8676fc">Type of a replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__rb0831957b42f4f84afcededcf8b1a6af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a68c4c9391c75465ba967e64900b03af7">datoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a0f255185dfe64327b96a3ffe3fcad29f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__af8079b81f7d84e219b40b638662aa69a">OID of the database on the replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r51119490fedf4bd4b9941fd0004412f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a7db2e3c836f4481eaaf2f241514d40e1">database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__ac6a980740b494572adc00723d95fed09">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__abdd674d7dc9b4066928a890431e055fc">Name of the database on the replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r57a5ed9379d84b139184457f51603405"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a43c25f28d2f24be1bcbdf3164a352492">active</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a7a16b28d6c014ba4ad330d640db865b8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__text286717623711">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__ab985f7b7606941d58e0d80939094e516">Whether the replication node is active</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r22db4307eae747c3bcc24d58102a6abb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a7983787b66c241fd99bb7846c92e493c">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a8c3fafcdcaf54a3abe89545ec0177332">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a194f3ed5cc304e7eabd95554ea2a6bac">Transaction ID of the replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__row1282185273916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p782145223911">catalog_xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p138215528391">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__p9821152133915">ID of the earliest-decoded transaction corresponding to the logical replication slot</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r33fb301741b64f16894a264c06a9f1fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a946ef755fcf7463cabdbc0489c31ed5e">restart_lsn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a2c964cb1b7d8489194f9c84aad7ac60e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a6075a498a4164a668cd166b899aa27c1">Xlog file information on the replication node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__r3195d8b92067478d88b7b0864b33d413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__afa1211ad57524f28b0ff993e49e1817c">dummy_standby</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__afd6b8591a3b741fca6e1eab50aeb80d6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__text181108113718">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654648__a24b4bdce9ea94794995f5a86663f2c19">Whether the replication node is the dummy standby node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0745.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0745.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..166e93c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0745.html
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_ROLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a37b9aa3c552541849735a2f3af120ec8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__b15501436134613">PG_ROLES</strong> displays information about database roles.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__tedf68bcbaabd407b8dd0c2f710d654d5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_ROLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r5734cabacf9a47f3baf0e5006f9d54b6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a2f6af31eee8d456aa0d82864f1870dbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a2006802abcc7417daa7413e080e1e453">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a5bc017d31acc4c5ea5fbea8f41b1d65b">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a1452324565ab46e48490d5311aaa345b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r6d007b1db895496aa0dae0c824659399"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ab0689ba581974a16930f883d6b07f329">rolname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a5077e475263442fb8857d32af01e0692">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aceb28e4e633e45578f983edb7a104f26">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ad1b59a6cf61246cabc2b058e361d2ab5">Role name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__rb368d3842ba1484a97e9e8cf024aa703"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a520f4582e6b44d0a9f0eb8ff2e9ce117">rolsuper</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__afb346c0b3de748048538be33915931a7"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text175746138374">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ad47e643bdb354b7499f7a7d4bd2eed7d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a524fea4a67d84aabad207761369bb09d">Whether the role is the initial system administrator with the highest permission</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r92b72124bb3f4c8f9bd3d097db316e4d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a83f16851958d4b10a950dd4a868f4750">rolinherit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a4c827ac2678d4dd5ab3c6971b3512482"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text2505121473713">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a992efb78c24746e68eb800c4e3c78e15">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__acada119bbecf4b76af9cf37942850cec">Whether the role inherits permissions for this type of roles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r370a24fdf9904c0cb78b51e8816046dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a19d67a344686461a8aa0528cba635245">rolcreaterole</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ac31c9edd075e48ac9ea5513059141be4"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text258010155373">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a165a5eb573344bdbafd71c6bdccdcaa6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a09c332f57c5841688cb26e878644121b">Whether the role can create other roles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r723d0a53ab4e4006ba432e816bbd5a67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ab4895459837d48e2a296660a473fde09">rolcreatedb</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a8168f7fedfab4e418eda5605481df74d"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text1560541643718">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a42564c5eab2843c5883d04796e840d26">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a4f06d03be7fc43a5b84ba94652909c1e">Whether the role can create databases</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r4a0371e4ec884b1da4a8aa6d328f0962"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a2670597d3a56400f9c48e9ef03062c57">rolcatupdate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a8ea047261f374ec3bcbcf317d0217450"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text731111811371">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ad25b25960086441ba222b7ebfbe3cd26">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ac21bc89efd3749519464f8cbfdb66619">Whether the role can update system tables directly. Only the initial system administrator whose usesysid is 10 has this permission. It is not available for other users.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r657f66b881fa4168aa4cd748c7446a87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a165d7e6c39af419ca5b781a15448fec0">rolcanlogin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__afb547b2446b4433eaa44e0c4adc58cf7"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text192541719133712">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a79c68bedf4da4560970847ede0054ce3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a62cb69f149d14d27a9a7f90657f13aad">Whether the role can log in to the database</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r3e5e3464e161499a97945af4ad553fd0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ae00d16b22535487390df360a48c73ed8">rolreplication</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__acda9535debc348c2b57f3caaef91864a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text818952019376">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a12e06ae4d9024f6ab04a23bfbd3605b2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aebb1ac1a528e449dbe28b75a784a7ea5">Whether the role can be replicated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r76039a3e847f49c5bb509c8c59b4cc82"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__acf8b6c4332fc4d97b0bd39a5e522801b">rolauditadmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a05c2b0eceb82458db3a5837819a55117"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text69521120133714">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a05741b882a8c4a04984c183176186ed4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a1afadf0e625a46209c65a1750a5fc19e">Whether the role is an audit system administrator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ra1f39f4668af49ca91a598f049de8838"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a993c8c09bdbe4164a56e477b762a8263">rolsystemadmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aa9aa14844685481d8c371be847e81730"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text676352183718">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a31f24f2361c24227b1bfb9f7c8231d31">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a06070879814341f6959c73a96f178f88">Whether the role is a system administrator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__rb5aa7af4dd6241f58527a52d68535cf6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aa149efd585ff4712a513483a54fa3ced">rolconnlimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ac42b891772654ad8931a04cb0917310c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a0934b6ba53d44019980492e21e2e8484">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p79651022135813">Sets the maximum number of concurrent connections this role can make if this role can log in. -1 indicates no limit.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r027b992e9b584f32a3da115afa984460"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aacc1756abe13421395dce4b2ec1ec667">rolpassword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a09ed5f5a341f4062a2c92423b81092de">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a8a701bd0b37345d0b79a5a2276109d06">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a137bd817206942b99c7a12e27e2411ca">Not the password (always reads as ********)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__reda5665fa9cb41ae8375987fe5d2d719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a5877e1ddc7244f299bc65ac65312932e">rolvalidbegin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a7534c42e416543d4aae8214ef1d6c94f">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a815e624d870447329e687fe886a5d1ab">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a9d3b6eee2cac415ebf7378c3482a9be0">Account validity start time; null if no start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__re8bff149eb6447eb8ee7c69cec8acc9a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__af5bca66cce82411180880a679fca7610">rolvaliduntil</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ac2630d9a7f3849cf9fba4c264b866881">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__af12950f2c8f340239d46236e6c58584f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a95ad223f754f4362878cbe4463a44763">Password expiry time; null if no expiration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__rcdd61e42946649b69228635185b7daf1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__afc5eefe43a5a4d1abcaa4f29c5a1d94e">rolrespool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a4dcc72a205ad406fafdd9929e8c87547">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a7b010c9b24a4411fb7565cee5af7d6b1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a52a750b682c7413d8bdb3aa81314ba80">Resource pool that a user can use</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__raaca3a1c68784256af4d8ec476d8b798"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a1171e0fab62545c4a86eb29d478ab898">rolparentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a331dbcc0974949afa8e4c9e45dbc3fd1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a778c4e6458f8430697337b8ae0c729d5"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.rolparentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a03b1cc969858429fba97e77f8acdbfc7">OID of a group user to which the user belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r59a2fb0037aa45e99c5aaa3353ccbccc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__en-us_topic_0059777484_p895327171936">roltabspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__abacee60b16114a13ba9990de938b9227">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a9a5edfdcaba643b1ae9949016969692b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a85580c96cc464e67bbaa1d95ef4f4a2f">The storage space of the user permanent table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__row230481713332"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p830471723310">roltempspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p12304111793318">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p1184605312101">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p1630461783320">The storage space of the user temporary table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__row1092282603314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p1292214262336">rolspillspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p199233263337">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p16553115531014">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p129231426163314">The operator disk flushing space of the user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ree117fafa7734531ab415f2bc5c8fd42"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a89a6dbc2e0cc46dbb83907a3ca5ae6c0">rolconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a7a33c84fd0b741cdaad8ca166a138cc1">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a27d4c25738e34928b6bca5b306d90a76">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__abf41c770f59944e393fad5f195d0f12e">Session defaults for runtime configuration variables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__r91b0e8054fd546e2ae95cbcc3d402abc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a46669c07232f49f589ecaacda1ef3cd5">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ab1c38ccd5eda43d5949c97010132c14d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__aebbca5e67d8b4518bbbeeb04d60c73cb"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a959b8dd0926f4468bf650864292b5169">ID of the role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__rbd94adbeae0d41848807f87c699752c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__af5bc93dd880b4d099ed533d5bbb1e626">roluseft</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a5ab4b9be5ce54ae19511216f76b956bd"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__text3992182293715">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__a656b4baf8cbb4f49a87a3f0fb81a2b8d"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.roluseft</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__ae2b51fb6a4a147cbbc046283a0038a24">Whether the role can perform operations on foreign tables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__row109699294197"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p1996992917199">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.380000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p1996932914192">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p6309753102510">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974780__p79695291192">Name of the logical cluster associated with the role. If no logical cluster is associated, this column is left empty.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0746.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0746.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e10f5448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0746.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_RULES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__aff9e0d308cfc4572b42f56131bc0051b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__b842352706212222">PG_RULES</strong> displays information about rewrite rules.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__t92d7fb6e7c954df18eb3826a6060705a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_RULES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__r6c8375ee59c54b5ab1a406c22ede8940"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a9adf93f5d19d4bec98c19d428bc29582"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.4%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a10ba33e199e0426191067317d084f2f2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.75%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__af314751892f74222bdf9cd1e3b61ea2f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__r783dfd12baa847e8a8fd7230899179d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a0679998c9c354a25a957ac96669170b7">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__add0d2d6e2b5844cdbc2896d286886af8">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__aa856725e652e4631895c6b711b76891b">Name of the schema that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__rd8e3dd224f9b4ab5b3d452b044bd0c34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a026cfc36022d4505b1ea87622bfd64ed">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__ae74e8393b0204c32a277f4f37266e554">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__ade03ab0893494afda5e72ebbcc81a382">Name of the table the rule is for</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__rada67f5d7dda4bd3adfc5cd6f8937306"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a4afe3748c15c440985817c96962e584b">rulename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a8f39d94438f74c22b876a1b5f6dcba27">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__affc9a44b3ebc432f97b155e7791ba6ff">Rule name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__rc6789dbde07d4a38bb96204162b524e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a841e540bc33f44baa15569cb1d068024">definition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.4%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a80ff6fdbb02b4c14bad5e472c41378b0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694479__a07faeb2f0fd04c71be2d86d9d087e44e">Rule definition (a reconstructed creation command)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0747.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0747.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e4b2d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0747.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_RUNNING_XACTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a674de2dec1c2438583910f1afa8e5509"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b84235270610133">PG_RUNNING_XACTS</strong> displays the running transaction information on the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__t26555d21671e48da8c7ac813458f9e20" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_RUNNING_XACTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r2a9a4c71185e4e53a4849c7f9e8b2946"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a564820d682b74292b93e9c70048ea058"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ade48d6e7a52947a8aa83e30359eadaa4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a0926945de2a84910bf3247644de27e45">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r763a39f9e9674198a994a17eca0808be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a3ffb020b2e354c5baacb06f5b3e06ce2">handle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ab55582224b6e4d4a876ee0f492a3b10c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__af1dfb9db4cb2428da2d5357a770a950a">Handle corresponding to the transaction in GTM</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__re1e6733729a84bbebc119a98a591edc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__adc38e19cc58a47598ec7ef85350104dc">gxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__afb795341df8440c6b35e9a4ecdf8c8c4">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__abaaf46ca940b407ca172f426e225938d">Transaction ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r6dc54f91a41d4a2ca0579bd6186fc9b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a3c52081670b64d61bbb9663ef7f7aa0c">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ad15886b852fe421db206ade8bd954b4f">tinyint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ab95380e3a1724e878a8302c73d042a8f">Transaction status (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b84235270612546">3</strong>: prepared; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b842352706125410">0</strong>: starting)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__rdeca6d36129346a7a6254f706ed588af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a1f8f68e56eb441e6ac95cb53dd373a06">node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a777a4c5291584546bdeb9fefdf95e232">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a24b945d73fee4b4ab090dbfb3e4ca890">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r44a12377adab4916bf43c3117c4da892"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__afc862d1e93fc40b5b0c41d2ad76d4000">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a400a2f8acfe545fd983ebe33416e70a6">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a940d4f3057e1433797cc988ceada1b95">Minimum transaction ID <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b84235270610145">xmin</strong> on the node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r7202f4312b544a5ba53152d8925d3f0c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a66e651ca251b467a9d9f946cfc8c7df2">vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a86de781ae6784412b6736519635972ec"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__text82481127163711">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a3efc3a7795aa40d88cf44c7308b203bc">Whether the current transaction is lazy vacuum</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r9854462b2135458fb8fff6cc8c43e6cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a5d91f8bdb74a47198cdf09bda72365a5">timeline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ab3260ec0c56f472194de7afa854a89e1">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a1db3c892a3194538aae89282c1f6e739">Number of database restarts</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__rccccd85ea13949c0a2a10794c87a5993"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a30cfed9c8c8c431d9510b23b5d19d4cf">prepare_xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a9588366890dc42768a078a6935fb5972">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__acd61f29df532468a9ac36f34f27ff978">Transaction ID in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b842352706101757">prepared</strong> status. If the status is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b84235270610179">prepared</strong>, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__b842352706101722">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__r5ef3d59a5b724be381e79711c99a06bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__ae07424ebd11745f09265d409563d4d33">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a08c5f09a3cc0481b958a7e394af7e2b9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a19538bd902924fcaa2807ea698f46df9">Thread ID corresponding to the transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__rcfdd34743a564e09b1458dcf9815e0b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.330000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__aa252aaff007547f1b3fd51f000f1bef0">next_xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.790000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__af1a0f4974bbf467486c95009e5bf4c7e">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.88%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694633__a4bda7b6d10d6438ca6cca9a8aa9a34d7">Transaction ID sent from a CN to a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0748.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0748.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cb3414d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0748.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SECLABELS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a8da5d34dc2fd428a822f363b7fbfe21d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__b516819216598">PG_SECLABELS</strong> displays information about security labels.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__t7811b42e116d447ca1dfb293d52e54c7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SECLABEL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__r49e9581919ea4a26934c14bc787807a7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a99a9627b43ba41c88b79119aa5053c63">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aa46d306ae9c741798d7cdf33a797cb82">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a32960be0dbc24666942edaac742c1c7b">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a1739ead5de484023bc57ef8677d16381">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__r2ddf083476464cf1a6f181d1a2cb0fa7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aa9a5314cf7c4416e858d21876000351b">objoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a1927a1a65e304ea286712e1030275103">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a12d415b8710f4447b522640ebde31ec6">Any OID column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aa1a16d80939841caade95602e6ad147c">OID of the object this security label pertains to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__r2025ee292a5941c08c9a3d98f6bb1118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a44e6791058264ba98940ee73133ce4d6">classoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a6592c4e63ac44d21ac9d81f667b8d7e1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a9343beb04b3144b4ab19cfc8f7fe6a00"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a7105e7f6bd494089965a2a0f149141d1">OID of the system table that contains the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__rb4289021ffaf48d3b1318448e47fa521"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__ad117dad668dd4484a7fee9f5f55ec410">objsubid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a7f77f230e3da4249a27ad0094ddab681">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a70f63557269947f99b6804ff39d545de">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a102acd8e9b504014a29d958d21be6ba5">For a security label on a table column, this is the column number (the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__b842352706135341">objoid</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__b842352706135346">classoid</strong> refer to the table itself). For all other object types, this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__b2171524587">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__re0badb1fb00043729c8964a4ef6e7074"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a09b4eec4de91420786412394912647bb">objtype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aeab8766c46c241d6b3a66d1b6a81f7a4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a0baa8a510ebc4def894da752d276b445">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__ab40521d558574e0cbf2346af09238d7c">Type of the object to which this label applies</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__ref2b282282524304a354a6aee4ab3fde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aa136b499e77742d6995c099ea4c0d547">objnamespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a2c3ec84c3dc1438b8097d43b1bbe5ac1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a3466e4150b7d41ac848467ad54fd45ba"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a2a6b8e41d2ee47a3816d8b967b1530a9">OID of the namespace for this object, if applicable; otherwise NULL. </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__rd2c9fcf159504bb086ea669dbb71c7dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__aed90a712272f4ab4945f658f084e4994">objname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a528813cba29a4ea394d37f5701fc1105">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a6001aed789e44222a11033c4f5881830">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a60679578aede44d6bb1a06878d5a0e84">Name of the object to which the label applies</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__r3af3339aff294a7eba6953104cc259b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a856960488c8d4382ac66b1a0059f2c42">provider</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a738196cd9b3b4440869817a00e0cda11">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a23284be940114ca086e74ec0e3767f76"><a href="dws_04_0615.html">PG_SECLABEL</a>.provider</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a7a5e4120c8c841e0a0678a02046480c2">Label provider associated with this label</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__r28fedc1184dd45dc826aed8e19a04ed4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.548045195480455%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a3729f401213243e391073bedae8c45aa">label</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.718928107189281%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a417a0eb073784532a4d5d6b7cc0f07a9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.386861313868614%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a393780918d76440e9ac32401e6b08f11"><a href="dws_04_0615.html">PG_SECLABEL</a>.label</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.34616538346165%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974530__a73df304ed2fe42d1ae4ebfcf3ea8d437">Security label applied to this object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0749.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0749.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1b68a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0749.html
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a97f8259a1e164ff095270fdafdc1bf37"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b842352706164353">PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT</strong> displays the corresponding load management information about the task currently executed by the user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__t79b6da13b7104b619f06d7cd7cb64ec2" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ra0d5aa66d83d4fe1986b32cfbe8c5de3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a75fe01a5469c48c09615bf1dbb3997dd">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a469b3ada4e9d421eb05eeeba2e6f9220">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__aa7ff69d90e5d423cbc6d4f092c43e713">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rce7a1d9b711d4e1daed44a6660669007"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a1e5641f98006428f9f5f301cc87fc839">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a609c6df872ee464a944c465c94d1d196">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a6ee6cab23d394fc3932ae811d3688f29">OID of the database this backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r1f90be54d69543b3af663ce40a079f3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__adf8b140b7aa24140a8b52def6dc2b698">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a3201fed049b04502aa7fa8f2738a47b2">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a2375611fb47c4938b2e38f67577032e1">Name of the database the backend is connected to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r5e39e367422b4f7490c69437f0f00e4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a706d9cc8619a41359e96c304ae23ee04">threadid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a63fed93a9b8f4539a6723d6c1092a53f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a12f579f3827d4ea781ece53be8f89842">ID of the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r24439206f5bf4fc5a77d50f5d54700a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__aa17521de77b148d49902737a81c799f1">processid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a578cacd059194159b8a03be85b068ee5">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ab24cdd90ea644de58aba020e2996f794">Thread PID of the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r79e5996c26614dea966de5a36c68ae70"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__acb7a6a5b53174ecbb8d7562331a32d9c">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a3fc4c2f3f44a48c483977ef3efc43dd2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a091c5503c9324ef5a5fd30ac69b371f8">OID of the user who logged into the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r6c0f97ec58f3432c88c45b4232b0b1c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a3b88c71a04b446b9b3e3e5bb985509b7">appname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a58e02c48ccde4229b3e2d7d83d656a0c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a1d1b56f792254ce881bf0fb3d79ddb7c">Name of the application that is connected to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rf2cb9c4822084f8d9b1ccfcd50b485fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a9eb6c36ce6ac4c9fa5e4bfabb19e29ee">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ac796b6410ac046afafbdce0a73047b31">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ab1647203fede46c285e4ba7751e0e550">Name of the user logged in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r9106310eb2b44c7e9cd02bce2b693e45"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a40e58879ebdb4539a8e46b3825738e92">priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ac76f8a592f134882b8af0c1b1f99c49a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a118a0855f9f04b21ad25b89b2464cacb">Priority of Cgroup where the statement is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r6eafc43c24ab45bfba2eab105a25b0d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a1194d104170b4ca5b41fa3e2549f900e">attribute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a2a9c9002d5914f80bf981051b55b0897">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ab645a5a2e8c24c23830cf8d92af58e9a">Statement attributes</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ul25371530182714"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li9538163032718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b467537184217">Ordinary</strong>: default attribute of a statement before it is parsed by the database</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__u1c6b60340e634793ab58a8b250156817"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l6f29549117634dd69e6a6a49bb63301a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b842352706125641">Simple</strong>: simple statements</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l1fd6ff20d17d409485a78da997dd2f0e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b111448557420">Complicated</strong>: complicated statements</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li1718103113287"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b20425175713421">Internal</strong>: internal statement of the database</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rcb227ffed7744f40a6b4c35597ff700d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a278fafb01ea345b5a44370e9dc43f1b3">block_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a60dca04c614247adbefd2fac6f389674">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a1883411cdcc14ef38b9856c0ea66b311">Pending duration of the statements by now (unit: s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rc495905fe47c47e68c1dc71b79359506"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a9515331235444dcb91efdd53991bca5a">elapsed_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a51228ed6fd9c4c9a8d75433b0c38b598">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__afe7b9e12631e4065a55d27f2d791ea39">Actual execution duration of the statements by now (unit: s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r4451168ecd0348d2b178c175847734d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a83b9dc18173642bc9253fed83ecbba8d">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a2c08a493986f4f14b9b3a4996542dc3b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__aefa5b46e7c664a688643f257db9b1154">Total CPU usage duration of the statement on the DN in the last period (unit: s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rbe6062efbfcf41c5a9059b81047f034f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__adad7c9b72430491c926e65b1c5b522c6">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a3d958909a4f44573866aa1c9e6da602c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a9389436cd3e54b218b5826a5a8dc3aca">CPU usage inclination ratio of the statement on the DN in the last period</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r4b26a5a1765a46499c118349ef4b9f0d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a0ba00caa4b5f442ba2820e59c4f0f975">statement_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__adc0c3720841e4f8a90388faec9ba25e4">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ae18d9f485f434ace85e2407e44c9c231">Estimated memory required for statement execution. This column is reserved.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r84c4d80363e14422940d3ab04cd367d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a904eca66a24d4871b13119def6ec9f63">active_points</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a9a38a189abf549608cf69d6234d1041e">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a43a615ae2e9946ac9375cd04a4992fbf">Number of concurrently active points occupied by the statement in the resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r0d7a0aa3136b42c0a89e3084ca669e9b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__abc4407273aee4ce08841ddb0a12af80b">dop_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a7485df7b77314284ab3bd8bb9e4706c8">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ab97bddd2ea0d4c53a849b640eecfc0d1">DOP value obtained by the statement from the resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__re0c771d7e5cc4615876f0d6d47e14de7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a440d6538cc1146278063c28c443516df">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__abb466f0692ad4e9ba860ac12b0fa84ad">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__afa4acc69a69047829d9b6825eb8ede84">Cgroup currently used by the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r670fdcb6c6f64cd997d798f0f6b7212b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a966e87ce25cb4129bb465ff20472ae5f">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a2c150a0e995c47b58d14115a4676262a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ac717f513609d48af98ad7cf57014794b">Status of a statement, including:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__uaa52c9f2d40d44bead6faeecf72a308c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__lc6038713d49c4b7e9b85aad417fe14b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b11243631795">pending</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l73ed34d650b6402796c68178a7c7ffbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b1772411207532">running</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l93552fe5f62e48979bdefd62d8b61ec3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b0421192710538">finished</strong> (If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b116131753111217">enqueue</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b720719319127">StoredProc</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b1570103719121">Transaction</strong>, this state indicates that only a part of jobs in the statement have been executed. This state persists until the finish of this statement.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ldc0cc054578b4b498ba17151fa880a50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b105701213499">aborted</strong>: terminated unexpectedly</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l131bcb33635c47bda9b6cf97334eee5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b842352706213346">active</strong>: normal status except for those above</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__la4d5ce5e49a14e7ba60f42fd5d5d8934"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b842352706213358">unknown</strong>: unknown status</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r89ba660c079b4d45ae41537676cae4d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__af4657a41a6df4d05ac5af924429df4bb">enqueue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ac3234835113740e590c94d6816dd99dc">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__afc3b2064df764d64b5f575a34fade989">Current queuing status of the statements, including:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__uf32be7016083426894baf1f97b37d8cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__lebbdfea09abb4b49823495b75b08fc15"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b842352706213445">Global</strong>: queuing in the global queue</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l85caf27a998a44e68fb477cc3146677c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b105011355417">Respool</strong>: queuing in the resource pool queue</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li250175514716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b13335192219384">CentralQueue</strong>: queuing on the CCN</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l6e07cf9abb9b4f408c31ed838b16345a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__b1916913203381">Transaction</strong>: being in a transaction block</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li5769142916314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b4886141653815">StoredProc</strong>: being in a stored procedure</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__l5686bef3fe33423f96c21247d6ca2117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b01025145385">None</strong>: not in a queue</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li04724311411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b7839113920107">Forced None</strong>: being forcibly executed (transaction block statement or stored procedure statement are) because the statement waiting time exceeds the specified value</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__r3d889a8fbd2b40db9e066f078f837312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a4b88fa8741a04677b8808b971eb85c25">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__afdf3dd0a4ba24c8698cb14713f70c5b9">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a6eeec46fa37c450894a2a546c9500eca">Current resource pool where the statements are located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__rcd96f04bd871455fb583878e89328c4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ac5e6a9731028462eb8523ac91a606f52">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a4b6c9374572c43c19497d7a460ce063d">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__a95a67d5390cb44ae9a2d988bc2a95957">Text of this backend's most recent query If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706215251">state</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706215249">active</strong>, this column shows the executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__row17746185011204"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p1674665012010">isplana</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p3746145014202">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p1174618502203">In logical cluster mode, indicates whether a statement occupies the resources of other logical clusters. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__en-us_topic_0085031932_b13391912124914">f</strong> (does not occupy).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__row416612268217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p121682268212">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p1916862612213">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p181684268212">Logical cluster of the user running the statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__row51847662019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p14185761208">lane</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p2018616172011">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__p9186969207">Fast or slow lane for statement queries.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__ul94882179276"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li448811176271">fast: fast lane</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li1048821720271">slow: slow lane</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974766__li7489121717275">none: not controlled</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0750.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0750.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b9dac16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0750.html
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SESSION_IOSTAT</h1>
+<div id="body1511401152340"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p11559194711112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__b842352706164353">PG_SESSION_IOSTAT</strong> displays the I/O load management information about the task currently executed by the user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p19936125122912">IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__table44251753205113" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SESSION_IOSTAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row74251253135114"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__a067f59a9cd3643f4874e25783c6f651a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p6534121711119">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p3600141915115">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row342520531514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p12493182175917">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p188712711599">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p649734055214">Job ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row1542575314519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p105521817165815">mincurriops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p4284141315919">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p1129655119">Minimum I/O of the current job across DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row1942515385119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p205811124195817">maxcurriops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p1497640125210">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p330412591709">Maximum I/O of the current job across DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row7425253165116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p014123616582">minpeakiops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p1955701710595">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p13482355103">Minimum peak I/O of the current job across DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row17425145365113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p51961544205813">maxpeakiops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p8101719175920">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p01301251804">Maximum peak I/O of the current job across DNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row1425105316514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p97950165816">io_limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p204971840175217">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p150516461602"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__b84235270613028">io_limits</strong> set for the job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row742625316512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p7509655105820">io_priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p1698824212593">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p4879421203"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__b2123369783">io_priority</strong> set for the job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row712214118017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p141231014013">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p812341404">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p20123312010">Job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__row99511941113518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p495111417356">node_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p14951134117359">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655146__p14951241113511">Logical cluster of the user running the job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0751.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0751.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0751.html
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SETTINGS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a8f2c090cb0d04a47987f51b06e326516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b1930714191202">PG_SETTINGS</strong> displays information about parameters of the running database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__t04cd7f38ca3d40068ac510ee9edfe5a0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SETTINGS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r690198e293da4247a7867f4b0b5d8eb4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ad2fac02df1de478ea42353af412864f2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a9be398dc477d4d8f80fb1f43b26a7510">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a2e31ec1ed46c4c15810632c5f3dae5b5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r9efcaae3af8b4a878b0aa048bbcc27d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__aaf70a8cfa3cb4b028c86e4bb1719dd59">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a0645fa931b3d4e7baeeecfcdad6b7d22">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__afd0b918f146d4061854a6f1242f3dc3b">Parameter name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r05f6b1d5da1b47cabf50276d4c3420e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a846c809321734aec89d7ba1067ab6516">setting</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__aac6fc144bd4a4a269c15777b7c2438eb">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__abf1a1cb812b94f0689afc402ba0110d2">Current value of the parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r5d10c30e5d564f7883e653c438bc54b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ac7c5fa6560964228ae2d9a9725fb1c93">unit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a451e23e2ce5349b19ee976997709d94b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__aa2aa745b278040489ad01e7e2d9c4787">Implicit unit of the parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r5dc27776638349a981b1270693993155"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a3f7e7d8f7fd848eaa820801b76fb3f53">category</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a3e54a71da2ca411a81371fde7f86a61a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a6662c5e8f78547d3926a7f79f7d8d883">Logical group of the parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r813d26477b0e446eb3615888df1e5ef6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a51014fa0818141a98dc9e530fb2b2640">short_desc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a17b4c3e7b0c443788a6ab8b4325a37f0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a6887b0816d974840a66be8fc16aaa30a">Brief description of the parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r9e334694f33b447bbeb3c90a777e35f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ab18803055ba34d92a5460c74b462b0c5">extra_desc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a7a2285191f0a4989ac980d1475344cbf">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a2b10168aa7154278b6178b8c9dd36c23">Detailed description of the parameter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ra45aaf1639844ca481ee1a741cb9b678"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a9a99e2b7324f4cec810b02153c3ea7a6">context</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a08118563189f4d0592c9d178eb84f812">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a795981f4bac640c5b3c8abe68ea65f30">Context of parameter values including internal, backend, superuser, and user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__rf7aa99c171094c669819fcad41323c7d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__afeae25653f7b464b9e21a353539e9c19">vartype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a6d988ba4171642ea8df7bd6f5ea41962">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__aeee6bab9b1f94a6cbf4ec62cc3a0a05d">Parameter type. It can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b8423527061340">bool</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b84235270613412">enum</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b84235270613415">integer</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b84235270613418">real</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__b84235270613422">string</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r81736b9f91ff4afca40e51e81d739e33"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ad8f69968bd8b4366a722617c27d1bb05">source</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ae4ab8d58c132449f94ec7f48610ef3fe">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ae4a86e5d00a44e72bebd77a86f091579">Method of assigning the parameter value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r0e662c78e545496c82d6c23e254f9aa3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a0acfe052f24649f1801382c6dfffa671">min_val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__af71b2670a42f41cb99fd27b1210214ec">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ad0321b95f2e04045a8ae7812a7e3d1ca">Minimum value of the parameter. If the parameter type is not numeric data, the value of this column is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__re649e0eaa3bd4f44abe82849626f8996"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a0e0140e77a2a47c9ae34fce4e2f7aad1">max_val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a3613fd3ae7d94fd78a1462e22dce06a1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a1d6a7e3693114822bf71325aef38c7d4">Maximum value of the parameter. If the parameter type is not numeric data, the value of this column is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r4f842b9c710047cb99dc8f162a06f19b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a14d44a830e6b41b88c31d07f5a22dc11">enumvals</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a209d41251ede472fa43e5c7025ca54a1">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a893e8b1872fd460a9c838242b87cf267">Valid values of an enum-typed parameter. If the parameter type is not enum, the value of this column is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r4aeb032b6a9a45989c44d5f8418e6f65"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__afc6397144a14445394a6a8d53302e13d">boot_val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a27e423d935fe4b15a6a69046adfdbd81">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a6703b72a62da434aa5cdc1d06ceebf99">Default parameter value used upon the database startup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__r183db650d9b8428db014a562eeaf3823"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__afe46b49ad58b49e4aa14b80e66c55f0f">reset_val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a57f31e167f624e8e9282528ffcc3376d">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__af776d6aa85ea45bb9a238a8dffee1dd0">Default parameter value used upon the database reset</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__rcf76d4f8070f4822ba2a3e35afae325e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a48a5b332ddb44929a006bfc76e41ba4c">sourcefile</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a090d023639ed4b96b4cf8957fe09e405">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__adbc0e20f41c347dfac23bd2bbcb3ee65">Configuration file used to set parameter values. If parameter values are not configured using the configuration file, the value of this column is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__rd1606427d06548acaa5abd093107ce0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ac9782d8301f04a808086672a2b45504b">sourceline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.630000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__ad8fcbc24cb744d1e8bc388b5f38ee12f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.599999999999994%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494687__a4ab8ca29ec85493e852c53051b46b47b">Row number of the configuration file for setting parameter values. If parameter values are not configured using the configuration file, the value of this column is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0752.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0752.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37cb0694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0752.html
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SHADOW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__afa0e28b7a37c4051b953116527b179ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__b842352706214835">PG_SHADOW</strong> displays properties of all roles that are marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__b842352706101148">rolcanlogin</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__b842352706101156">PG_AUTHID</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a1f7c4cfa16f7479690a049d2e07c9bca">The name stems from the fact that this table should not be readable by the public since it contains passwords. <a href="dws_04_0791.html">PG_USER</a> is a publicly readable view on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__en-us_topic_0058966313_b842352706101446">PG_SHADOW</strong> that blanks out the password column.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__t8fab0471fae84700b458de7925ce4d6f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SHADOW columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r420d4c20549f48389e59a793eb07af17"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ae8e8b0f5d58f475eac6b6892206a10d9">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a48fcb128d082493abcdd6a302bc3816f">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__af48a4f9dce2e4acba49523b5fd0f154c">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a111cecb9cd0b49bc8524ffbba0515fc4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r834f7b7c84a24c15ab5ca929fb10506f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aa61db4d5618d4bc4a901a01fc3099db2">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__abd37de62730946b090d46aa9201cb3e2">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a7cca0855def1454f814853705a7b04ca"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.rolname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ab7fb2f13071d4d438e9aae6b2647e0de">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r02e63cd4d0b04c1990301a74df654abc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ad5bf2939569b439e81a01cbc464f534b">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a9511fc95ad2d49b99051c011a3c47ba1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a537c557082c543c9ac8552d53cac865b"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a60f98a3aa6fe40a7825547355f5207d2">ID of a user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__rc201a5a2db714186922bf2abaa0147ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ae96aaddd20eb4ff395f438b6bc3d9a08">usecreatedb</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a8a187939a6e542ac85a0c435988eb0c6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__text5971435183719">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a653a37ee3e7d4720b98f2132e5f2e93d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ab81b815c37ef408cb2dbe9d91d1e31fe">Indicates that the user can create databases.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r673b377b7ec648b983a06622b4f71692"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__af9ff9ad47aaa419da933d6ebf58b18eb">usesuper</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aa09d628bea2d4ec99fa293c193c647d1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__text0109183710371">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ad8853bdef12841a781f3229e05c232d7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a7c3cfd934b104e678c53357f091a3bc6">Indicates that the user is an administrator.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r6ce672daae94433fae2eb54f632611f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a58a23828826c41369c0c66ab4dd5c007">usecatupd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aaf0433766fdc4a0193230445f43069ee"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__text143591538173720">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a601bb8894dfc42cda381adfe46a0467f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ae35a3efa804d41238c8c609aa95b2680">Indicates that the user can update system catalogs. Even the system administrator cannot do this unless this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__b842352706102355">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r2014d8198834410ab4fef5121e2ca1f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ab53bf2a6912447409c1c9085a14b49dc">userepl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a78770af8cf864bc1b5fb039e99e7e812"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__text12776195063710">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a5147e5d3142b4494af146bf9ccbc6f40">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__abca464b7248c4c88b254e33b2859322a">User can initiate streaming replication and put the system in and out of backup mode.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r57af32eeac5b49f2b5dec04f74dc7ddb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aaf70be5fd99f4db18a5f51b97cc9871e">passwd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a36c9b76a4c8e431e85978deb27c723a0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a84a00c68d1c44f22a6e0cde834dc3e40">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a8a84fc6ddc8a45cc8224d37711291f15">Password (possibly encrypted); null if none. See <a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a> for details about how encrypted passwords are stored.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__rf4b000a4de71412abe00cf97272afe85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a8d43f0723e534d89a88ad2b56a64e107">valbegin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ac9250e3f45d741cf9339b98fc0740fab">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ae3b909b709084a26badb0d7fbdee7b85">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__add210c261fa6466f91d98433ff4703e7">Account validity start time; null if no start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__rcc9614cd4ddc4bed931bf7e3bc0a2577"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ace956ed40b8a4710a4eea0fbe52963ae">valuntil</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p11704544143516">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a34fea1df5cce4bdc8567298b2303c3c7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ad9dbe369ab2d4a26ababe20037c35849">Password expiry time; null if no expiration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__r3b5923faae05436788598e72966fcd26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aba44583bfadb490288c300f45f9ef5e4">respool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a49cabb18df9543b2b8fdf9f6e4791c39">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aa2e552b4d2714e7988df6be92e819a30">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__af6bdd31c2d554584ae2f5cb05d8166dd">Resource pool used by the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__row22455415144327"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p6949296144327">parent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p26022065144327">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p27412515144327">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p5821229144327">Parent resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__row48725342144323"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p54438649144323">spacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p47454461144323">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p18606096144323">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p30698845144323">The storage space of the permanent table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__row138563812374"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p1885612883712">tempspacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p168571483379">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p168572083373">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p58571487378">The storage space of the temporary table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__row122041716113714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p2020411611372">spillspacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p2020491613718">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p112041016153719">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__p102041716193719">The operator disk flushing space.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__rf7473a9850774b50b3635986c6d9d672"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a7c0210db95544996a83aaf679e95da09">useconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.22%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__aed626afe6c524a19b55b1f6284111ebd">text[ ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.01%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__ad9704a5563f54890b620a8c033c27752">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.66%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654884__a7d3713d5a7e34c6bb2395230c1501f22">Session defaults for runtime configuration variables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0753.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0753.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..173307d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0753.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a2a7f970bf5194c2d89ba5fb4e49ef394"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__b842352706163241">PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays usage information about all the shared memory contexts.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__t454e94105a254d28b89d1280f97ac312" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__r48a364a568cd4e3ab7ce25c36d6cf810"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a31b3dbb941854189b6cfa9245cd9a1c0">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__af4702d94126e47998836a09bfefb9b25">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ab32930a030454f9091a6910e3400d6e8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__r9a8ca658016049d890dd3a08a1c45e39"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__aaca4d7864429476ea813e5feeaf4dc47">contextname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a9121adbb74784df7af32a1d4aff0dd85">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__aa99ba02a49e041dab6b321064af3d73c">Name of the context in the memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__rb9cb0b86fda34c5582cd690e175618ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a22015600c0f44fbbbf3784aa62bced9b">level</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a6109f5754f6949df96f393a462a24356">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__p111561153551">Hierarchy of the memory context</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__r7af782484389440ead89bd18cfdcdfbd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ae45b12aca3b84d23a6ce2c67b347d7fe">parent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ac1b91d324c5b40d09c38ac55855b2116">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ae36847c168cb477596f79dd8ce354c6f">Context of the parent memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__rfad977be4cf841128b2249ca051766fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a391450bc99354fe5bf23e3e46a3a943b">totalsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__aff69c1bfeaad4371a5ab90767c5e4348">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__afa0d034ed9264a0cbcb8135a71d0998f">Total size of the shared memory, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__r071b8b7fbca94722a5b7fd51cb5cf60f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a70eb717cb518492aa6840e1cd6b66f8e">freesize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a4384d319367d4ccc92094f38438aa51f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a77397fb94f69462b85fd61045d069d4b">Remaining size of the shared memory, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__r8cedd88187624554ae9b8d602a656da7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__a24498820a39f40c3af96e2b38463dfbf">usedsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ae737b6d9c2764ab983c1b0e2d9596be7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815060__ae58f841a6c3743fca04142cb3bf3b94e">Used size of the shared memory, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0754.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0754.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5de680df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0754.html
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a23b05434e52f45619b6f9cd247df5541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b842352706135847">PG_STATS</strong> displays the single-column statistics stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b842352706135850">pg_statistic</strong> table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__t0cc79f66b0534f8289e3e9823cfdbbd6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r694980dfc91e46bbb6e75e98ce75c675"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ad54d37637d5e449c8030e06cd74fade6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__af2fac1fe8d0f4d1eadd73c01359f7f51">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__acf13354fe5ee44829a684de4fa0baaba">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a870dd282f1274282a1e0c49641e774a3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__rbf9af765b4da45e799c4d577ce345eb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__afb882b5fac144bcd9632859fc9fdb029">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__aaaad16af290e41a386b0f840ebfb294e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a8dd065362bdd4afca70e8d8c425546f7"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a144deaf587e74676bfb323bac9e4804e">Name of the schema that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__rc4653bf79b104b5c9768c6cc9b5d9724"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a97baf92fd13d4cad8e213ae3cdc9cfab">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__af11a9c4ef65a48bd8b9d30564335b325">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a59c80818aaff4f32bea9c4caf06da557"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a31673dffc45c41fbbbb78af7dafa09de">Name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r24b9e8b523f1491e941fdc8325844e04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a9e9616cbec574c3d8643eec325b044a3">attname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ab626f1cb918148c099849c6fa460228e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__aa40b63d061d54c7e958759465ae25061"><a href="dws_04_0573.html">PG_ATTRIBUTE</a>.attname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a712acd6365744d3b812f03e91a8a0e8d">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r057f829e63a9454c8b61073f0171a756"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ad6fee5c4532049e6b8ff04528088a069">inherited</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ad6250e5c32c9445dae72d57489e4eb01"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__text15054279389">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a0887a46cafa340bbb9b2a9a33d215c35">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a0c8823227403445d93907f4bb0a8e376">Includes inherited sub-columns if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b88241912866">true</strong>; otherwise, indicates the column in a specified table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r0c30976e19e14cc1ba7c086a1c2d6c2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a6a620f4fa2dd470288c29e44195e50fe">null_frac</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a37079f4f16f5455c814d14e65cdf151c">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a10453840e7a3456c952ec3ca186bc890">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ab72787ac6bec45e8b9fb856fa9897b47">Percentage of column entries that are null</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r7a2db89099af4ee7addf9497965f53c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a2b83121a6dfd4e148b93ff7fff716448">avg_width</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a6dab776c1bd544a787b8c2845c54cddf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ad40a33b8b91d4118b43529892350f778">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ac5310941d33f4c27801238720be82aaf">Average width in bytes of column's entries</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r6e7ea05686a446a7a25d0fb71fbb4187"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__abf72bff9d598400083565ae00b730436">n_distinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__afa1cc6f996f84ffea4e4d28da3137c16">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a23a4007c16414663844c28c0fa03f0f1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__u5c026370c3444238b630ec986591d772"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__l12a0ebe92bf747808dd37d54ac8f149e">Estimated number of distinct values in the column if the value is greater than 0</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ldfa12f07e2744a99bb609c9c664433fe">Negative of the number of distinct values divided by the number of rows if the value is less than 0</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a79a192f676dd4db0b4020a1b88a72d50">The negated form is used when ANALYZE believes that the number of distinct values is likely to increase as the table grows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__aa32274571f454c66be3dd68a19b8b9dd">The positive form is used when the column seems to have a fixed number of possible values. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b84235270693937">-1</strong> indicates a unique column in which the number of distinct values is the same as the number of rows.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__rdfb1afdbb25240d18b3828df98e3878b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a37a8f0b0575f4576b57bb4fb33b54600">n_dndistinct</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a463c33036cf64c15a036e229df465507">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a45622a6ee3f248a69c23e75924c008dc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ae119bd57505b426789e67631a681b68b">Number of unique non-null data values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b84235270695425">dn1</strong> column</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__u0b6d15c737404aa1ac54a78ba72c77e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__lac4b6811bd0d4693be831cd371d1ca79">Exact number of distinct values if the value is greater than 0</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__l645d8e55884f4557ba0ae2d6f778c7a7">Negative of the number of distinct values divided by the number of rows if the value is less than 0 (For example, if the value of a column appears twice in average, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b84235270616816">n_dndistinct=-0.5</strong>.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__l0fc0a32dc3cd48a7a00a093d3ce827b2">The number of distinct values is unknown if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b1193118582139">0</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__rea3d8a5ce6fb43ca88341cd20b72d475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ade8b29c686a14ba3a3f0771f1ec3efd3">most_common_vals</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a0458f418f54947c1b242db2c9ca44780">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a952a1455a1f443118bf6e09c1b429633">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a03013686013e49d6a6d2d7acdc5b75b6">List of the most common values in a column. If this combination does not have the most common values, it will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b16394175032013">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r6a787e8d272d411a9ac8d945230b8da5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__aeefde76be849497282f623ad90390e76">most_common_freqs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a8fad72e3ca2f41b2a13f712485c32035">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a299ec1adab1d4746b96a250a45ac6863">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a29c1b15de34a4a18b8a984c499e04ff6">List of the frequencies of the most common values, that is, the number of occurrences of each value divided by the total number of rows. (NULL if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b133541058267">most_common_vals</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b5354175819615">NULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r0ddfb3bd8e1044749d41ada07607587e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a2746374841874deb964b77ef12bc9ce8">histogram_bounds</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a478ccee6cb80433f81c0b1bbfe1a5a69">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a4961748f1d2140bb8696ea0f61f0c7e6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a9e2513bec9bd4ec09b9fc37423af63b4">List of values that divide the column's values into groups of equal proportion. The values in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__b314284115143">most_common_vals</strong>, if present, are omitted from this histogram calculation. This field is null if the field data type does not have a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__abbea32cb00894f179496b0ae115b889f">&lt;</strong> operator or if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__afa9dfd2a7ecb4cd1b599f0e8eec419f0">most_common_vals</strong> list accounts for the entire population.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__rddf7d6179b794a70896ee0662a6fac5e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a23a502bbad1848dd89bce8d726560833">correlation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a4aad82ea0f76406b881b7cbc3012c3d6">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a4fa2045c4f074368a0b07ee2362cc287">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a219d2faf9beb4ae1a32bbc60184a50d0">Statistical correlation between physical row ordering and logical ordering of the column values. It ranges from -1 to +1. When the value is near to -1 or +1, an index scan on the column is estimated to be cheaper than when it is near to zero, due to reduction of random access to the disk. This column is null if the column data type does not have a &lt; operator.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r023857fc5967438e85ee6da9ded00153"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ae74f1df023ee4ba9ba69ac13120604cc">most_common_elems</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a07ba05b701a34aa5ac8c09633b459421">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__afe2643b3b32c4c628201067512f45b00">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a096693f074af445aa60ab6a6f25ec8df">Specifies a list of non-null element values most often appearing.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r850630fabd1b41a1b03ceafe035088f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a38580192053b4d27ae9abe10df496ebe">most_common_elem_freqs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a7c7a769536684e4695716f7609ef621a">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a481fd6e012af48a9ad9de32166c78e5f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ae2bc39c7e5bc433e86cb4ccf71a94c26">Specifies a list of the frequencies of the most common element values.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__r1072d11778db42ddb978b568608c836f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a5c34ece3d0254234ba6c73d4d7595e89">elem_count_histogram</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ac51b3a92f5874ae690676f385ffcb3a1">real[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__ac9078accfd684a91b39c9da6d272bcd1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494597__a1d49c1a031334dc2a2479efecd3b6494">Specifies a histogram of the counts of distinct non-null element values.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0755.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0755.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3610206e
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0755.html
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p161416365711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706215024">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</strong> displays information about the current user's queries.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__t0b125cfdf0024bfbb02649cae07a45be" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_ACTIVITY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__rebf63823929b4cb8a55bf5436bd1fb28"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a0eab7249f5cb409e8bfbf7054b050053"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a647fe13e210e4946878cb087798148c5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ad55f85462ff14cf9b3115cc2ea91861a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r8c3116f825074e608084670ac5b70a2a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a9b116edff0654771970234c248ede18f">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a9b525181d8fb428e9ead1638711bbcd7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__aebfa8191a7f04d0fad4a7d07ba573eec">OID of the database that the user session connects to in the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r9bf718f20973455691b1d4317b050e1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a339dcd77da9d44ac84a46f34bd3792b3">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ab11d18e5f3c6411c8c2a1a92f60877cc">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a72f8906b1b2d464c8b3f16c093f6eee6">Name of the database that the user session connects to in the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r5d0bdfb1ac844b94976256998ef29fa3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a70f60fe3386e4c0aa2c7eb6f46911875">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a31b426cab42e40a6b0165c1daa9eb9ae">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a4aceec31e08f41a88e66706eeaab9936">Process ID of the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__re8080d88e3624deeb7e6f2072cd78d26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a14d17c6c513e4aa99102c8279d3b63b0">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a25bbdd2f69564d0b90a3f020220f2c06">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__afd0cab960c5a4760810025c623445744">OID of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r34005b6fd20a438d8c4b95c9750765c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ac19daae36a4a4904926dc196251754a2">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__aabd71c74cfd844e58e015e0698243c8c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a9838da23292141aea59a57d19544d7c8">OID of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r97db8eecad4748a2aacfcdbd72302fcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a32a8c157fb70409c892df4429f031400">application_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__af27f30dd1f724852890c03aba51118af">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ad0189ff1387246f8b7738ff206f639d5">Name of the application connected to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__rd378398bd1824bd9ae04233e47ac1713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ac181d66b093b4915bcac410e3fa6250a">client_addr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ad2a76237a3424cafa331e16f1b85da32">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a605791179f034b8a9f25ddbb122ac204">IP address of the client connected to the backend If this column is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__re047a4263aab4dc39e7d3155d0e8b0b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__aebbc39eaa8f34482847ed83ae107cdf2">client_hostname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a0fbed1b8ddf54acb812557ec945a2ddc">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a8c84f1af82a44c2f9a4836634a9f3275">Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706142331">client_addr</strong>. This column will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706142349">log_hostname</strong> is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r6c46ff37ed6940839fdc55533e2d439a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p182025232120">client_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p620213232017">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p02031923418">TCP port number that the client uses for communication with this backend, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706105354">-1</strong> if a Unix socket is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r45dbe1f4eabf46af996ff7ed5992fca7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__abb3909e7ea1347d28be3179bba30180f">backend_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a20aa9177c3eb4ca6bd2a9541dad4ac5b">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ac73d1ecc34594aa9a0449e36c298b5c1">Startup time of the backend process, that is, the time when the client connects to the server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r19168a43329c4d3fb96fea94d14aebb7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ae4180a4253dc47e6851d078a61e34495">xact_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a0ac15a41f69b47c384c02e11421312ff">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__aace3ba2ecf694787ad19f9a4584c14fe">Time when the current transaction was started, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b1190017319273">NULL</strong> if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706143320">query_start</strong> column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r7d81c20f5e1b45c281dacd6fdaf13d4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a3e33eb58aa734733893da079582871eb">query_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ae8b5bc2d3730445a9c9c7562dec56af3">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a2b44eb54f7a347edbf142d81a53620aa">Time when the currently active query was started, or if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706143652">state</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706143657">active</strong>, when the last query was started</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ree51e24d5d434fd5b9133f73b54acc1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p123781246012">state_change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ab60f329d604146d48b7a11c04d36d046">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p737818248020">Time for the last status change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r4d6326ba27eb42a4b3d43da81ce0a396"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a8514533a96d147bdbd8a5acab6afb8f6">waiting</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a62007985fb4a4da4a0cbb78f21294ea8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__text2360115415373">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__p62624614319">Whether the backend is currently waiting on a lock. If it is, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b743512612916">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r939b7efd612848888f59b136c9af2e74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__abdd05d2dc6724b768fee46c35347ed86">enqueue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__af97ed5bcdd8b4dccba45a01a2892742c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ae99c0e5c2ca94a0a80a20fcf84ba6f8e">Queuing status of a statement. Its value can be: </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ul1254815291343"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__li14548142953415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b16559113318717">waiting in queue</strong>: The statement is in the queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__li15408711105013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b11418614389">waiting in global queue</strong>: The statement is in the global queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__li0481045175116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b1757728979">waiting in respool queue</strong>: The statement is in the resource pool queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__li197631850205118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b835603211713">waiting in ccn queue</strong>: The job is in the CCN queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__li1954892920343"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b8500132618819">Empty</strong>: The statement is running.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r5bb8f467631340228ec94c56284b233d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a1a358297407f4e4e99649d63d11192f2">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ae58bc6c7ebc34c2ab735858242a76146">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a88c42e9c9db241fbb08b27e3c05ccae7">Current overall state of this backend. Its value can be: </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__u22ea175e21e24aa4a9b69b2aa51d24ca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__l558408e2a7c54bd287712e64867eb50a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706143919">active</strong>: The backend is executing queries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__lfede9fcd77e74b55aef4e8a5e0781ed7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706143934">idle</strong>: The backend is waiting for new client commands.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__lefa211d536f64bf3bd48b6dd34251da4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b9420192817445">idle in transaction</strong>: The backend is in a transaction, but there is no statement being executed in the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__l8b7410d503d342af9ee381bffebebd81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b590124044511">idle in transaction</strong> (aborted): The backend is in a transaction, but there are statements failed in the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__laae633cf42f349a79196ebc875c0932e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b84235270615746">fastpath function call</strong>: The backend is executing a fast-path function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__l2909ade615ce40bf8bff29699e7cd21b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b84235270615814">disabled</strong>: This state is reported if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b84235270615825">track_activities</strong> is disabled in this backend.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__note191674411848"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__p2167841046">Common users can view only their own session status. The state information of other accounts is empty. For example, after user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706101132">judy</strong> is connected to the database, the state information of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706101213">joe</strong> and the initial user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b84235270615349"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__text1068113160281">omm</span></strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__b842352706101222">pg_stat_activity</strong> is empty.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__screen199102016171518">SELECT datname, usename, usesysid, state,pid FROM pg_stat_activity;</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__screen5189325101515"> datname  | usename | usesysid | state  |       pid
+----------+---------+----------+--------+-----------------
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ph166546552117">gaussdb</span> |  dbadmin    |       10 |        | 139968752121616
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ph1232463332314">gaussdb</span> | dbadmin     |       10 |        | 139968903116560
+ db_tpcds | judy    |    16398 | active | 139968391403280
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ph1922181652414">gaussdb</span> | dbadmin     |       10 |        | 139968643069712
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ph6233331112414">gaussdb</span> | dbadmin     |       10 |        | 139968680818448
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__ph129361440247">gaussdb</span> | joe     |    16390 |        | 139968563377936
+(6 rows)</pre>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r2be3fc6e9de54f9b98eb1f68dbbc920a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a5bd3356a8381483983e64d3acf9f6ee3">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a7dbee4294c0f4c57afe9e2c880ed3c79">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a41710708fa1742c1b07f77ce38846351">Resource pool used by the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r036b0f643b114c08ba91ea9323b1a3e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a07d1ccc0600d439c8c2d9ff0ec27dd82">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a3d1f5d0257cc4e4fa1d43f56ba016739">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a81eb38f540064a768c81dda2b77d986e">ID of a query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__r7a78e8a918eb4ac798612e31ddca2b86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a15a6b17cc75748a9b778090464506f03">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0059777972_p16721563586">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__a6b71e992530b4766ade8551f1216fda2">Text of this backend's most recent query If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706215251">state</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706215249">active</strong>, this column shows the executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__row1697320349444"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__p13120145515310">connection_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__p1412065518316">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814785__p1612017551314">A string in JSON format recording the driver type, driver version, driver deployment path, and process owner of the connected database (for details, see <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318">connection_info</a>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0757.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0757.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..715570ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0757.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__en-us_topic_0059777984_p152179511731"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__b84235270614150">PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES</strong> displays access informaton about all indexes in the database, with information about each index displayed in a row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a9a322a449b3b45afa7dcb3bb8c8ee632">Indexes can be used via either simple index scans or "bitmap" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__b84235270614548">pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read</strong> count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__b8423527061463">pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch</strong> count for the table, but it does not affect <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__b84235270614631">pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__tf0c107fbbb304b138700e88d167af088" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__rc5fb574330ac415ba94094cc2b68307c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a175d3374338b47e9beac79a61fdddae3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__af3cd05cab452402e9ffecf97cd6170a6">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__aecfd59a8aa6a453da9e993e8306736be">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__racb44eeae0e44ea3b9447b95df74d07e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a632b6424ad4f4ea0a136628c3a269a25">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a32f10615a1d14756b9bb66b9e85ff14c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a951a8015e7474dafb928a41771d329e4">OID of the table for this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__r286421a7b1cb44afb5350d029aeaca2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__abc4d5b4e326940a38e0785a9f539e2ac">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a392ebc5433c34aa78327d04a1f9263ea">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a2543d63408dc410cb1785f71f66fb88d">OID of this index </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__r2f5baf75db224ed29c4fc6ebbe66f842"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a1252cff6e9d74dd7aa14b317b2df9fd8">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__afac369cbe6ac438388372dbf65bc98d7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__aebdecc17d8e84b8599ebea81d3a795c8">Name of the schema this index is in </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__red286d78db054bf9bb21d0a08907d169"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__af3ce569f7a6543fea62a405677145a2e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a71ab1cd4c6b54918bc965a2c6070a240">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a6077bd7013b24c31868a0c7ba4478865">Name of the table for this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__r56102d77771142b9bfbfe340b81da708"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a4a6b58a44c354cbfa9c64a5e9266ca49">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a103e32f1732448568dbc69426dd26836">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__ae19d06702be3422a8e1283a954a62885">Name of this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__re757e12805cc4a30aafc0216a0ea24e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__adb410240993e482a92bd77bbcd9ca2e3">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__ac8072d2185ec426ab04729fb471ee1a2">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a0c73099c789c456fa880aa66dd9c62e4">Number of index scans initiated on this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__r971b085b0c9b4aa4a3e7c5f6c9ab8c50"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a7b8120222c814b2685851c06c274cc3f">idx_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a09a0345f47cd4e09bd01b113cfd85341">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__a6274bba819fd4c5c89ca67360ff33fb0">Number of index entries returned by scans on this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__r0824205d014749ed8218889d1fd0eeba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__afcb576e67001494caf28122270a17ee5">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__ab8f503bafc104c3fbb5fb06559e21998">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494641__afebbc6856b3749a7afee997982dd9db2">Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0758.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0758.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72862ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0758.html
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a030c07fc8681464590936a15b38520c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b172995521872">PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES</strong> displays access information about all rows in all tables (including TOAST tables) in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__t7fc55659869240999167a09820dcc93a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r04191422af0f45ae9cd898cde353fdd2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a8316e2201ae041a8b23e2a2aa21331a9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a6a438fa260f34557ad7e502493fe04f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a054e3b8645074fe689ebac5dbcf7c790">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r0cb0b016c4854b4781303d6f7a2056db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aa0123953dddb44bea4812ac3625f2e7b">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a8d18880473674fbeb38f2992bf711bc7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__abb049c8c657c4fdf88e4b66d16db56a8">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__reb2dd90c6c1c408498d201bdc27c300a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a5529bad89ebe4724911d4ddfe7edad16">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__af69901211a1243de934151a17ff8772a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a1ab664d2c534489f90264ba69bc5b38b">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__rd8496014293e4c9eb7e32ccca7980606"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ae8e3a70ae3e64e4da5aa80725d6168c6">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a95b4d92fd9dd4ab6bdba3ca9b92071c3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a8859a4d03ee0484aa7f81a8f0413a3cb">Name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r6177391ef8924adbbfaf63eea5cf82ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ac2350e6faa4d401faaea245816074fdf">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__af84b1f5a7eef434aa5c83cb595f25837">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a716c5c8f9ce84b35ab59f1d7ccb2ca03">Number of sequential scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r1a4eb8ef4d1f4cc7b89eab025ed2193f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__abd65de05cf6740a5a38fabcb9fc8e386">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a2e5f563a4c624554940823dde61e1ddc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a1d63e7eea54045298b0a562169229b3a">Number of rows that have live data fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__rcf023bc523a8462ca8e1a3f215e72d14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a52fa5e5e94c14666a25b0a6898722344">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a69f592317e9d4fc1be29ea9261aec1b9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__af1c98dd938924015919d809ef46601c0">Number of index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r9d7ee88f4657458d856027c3925f0546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aaa660c249b814ae890363226a6533cc6">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a565f2e6e55f242cfaa3a97ff6b51335f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__afd9046ee188943c5b395095bdbee6627">Number of rows that have live data fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r90278b1e58414527a81e2c1605ed51fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a76849662483c4db3884fd88d002528ac">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a79d5a4d0abd546ba911c6d62ec0ab1f6">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a6dc6bf52b34e483f9f18d87830f02c46">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r33ea7d7ccaaf4cd996d5afd71a88a1a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a1c3f8026681c47f5b77a857dfbc9cbe1">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a7ad0bdd097ca4b3eabacb4cd1d615a65">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a1c9d3d2eed8e4defa39089ecd0c475cc">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r5a5336630593403b9882241d3a8139c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aaaa5f035f3784665bbd7ee994c6129ba">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a4e421c855eec40d0be6c35831dd271cd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a5c598838a8c84110beebad7d3a7b12a2">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r30ace8ece4384c6eae92d0fccab8dc17"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a0beaf9fe844f43c7843a91599802d918">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ad2585b59c7b24d569a09011a5bf28ace">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a9494b621d5f54acba7e0956a3ce3c795">Number of rows updated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b92221128153917">HOT</strong> (no separate index update is required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r3e1f5bd058ea46f092786d94fb571c37"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__afc2515ee0ca04da39740fe086866e53a">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a78d241015f8b485b97707292ee3a8233">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ab48588db67084a249b52bf3119db102d">Estimated number of live rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__rc7de9cb7fa094b95bbd377bcee1af8c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a8393035ecc114607bbed429d1fae1d58">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a2b95f00aa22446c49b318d9fbdc3c751">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a0512213490af40269b79c7ea4a625f71">Estimated number of dead rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r56790946bc8f45fc907539cfaa3db583"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__af26a57190dba46019cc747fd9e3834fa">last_vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ae7fedb4dd44e472c95ad89fd0a3c32df">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a62346dd0f06740999116ddbda66e05ab">Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b153110454392">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r8ce3841d73fd4493acaa431e2e38d540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a7652f1ba105a4370a0d2d2124eda68f5">last_autovacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aceaf988303444581a5088bf564f6ae7e">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a01bc0d609b5e42eeaa29b508052f2e75">Last time at which this table was automatically vacuumed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r0a73942077544f9bbecc9fb735872f0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a5dfbd7c1084d48f28c5c4b865b56dbef">last_analyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a7f40ae9b0dd04d8eb6abdd664e0852b4">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ab53ad1a3e3f24fbca5fe17d5589ee0cf">Last time at which this table was analyzed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__rf35b6c9fafbb4ceb9cbe48e38444094c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a52373bb7dd3249a88ceae705e1f294b1">last_autoanalyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aef80a56651444d1196b166dd435a83b5">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__af86e1ac7533445f79480ec1cd9fbc163">Last time at which this table was automatically vacuumed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r5a3bbd7ca0964d93b879c2d631a29895"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__ad57a98120f6c4b18849af4f8897bcc61">vacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a0bbf36f2e3ed4c39964af3f7fb940040">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__aa0eaae577b274dbebf42f8a4feaaca50">Number of vacuum operations (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b58527804020">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r33b756d65ac046079ef34c768cc1e6e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__acd2b5d8d76284a9388ecd8450e48f56f">autovacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a431a13aea121409792d3d9c91cc3961d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a15c610940887428d891eb02eda9f3082">Number of autovacuum operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r7ad4dfd670f143799f9fe70a5c6d11ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a92084889dad342cabb7708a2873a47f1">analyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a753e28c6560d4cd6aa6af3d3e5b14bcc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a7a739341e7774abcb8667801ce0b6950">Number of analyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__r27da610ab88c448e99f469985e261c46"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a1c7408173235435a811673813ae44e8e">autoanalyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a8196f9efe57a48fc9bca565d741baf0e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__a07de9e1b39ca48b28e5bc5e921caf695">Number of autoanalyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__row1486851718273"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__p89781636182115">last_data_changed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__p3978183662114">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__p497803611213">Last time at which this table was updated (by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b1517713336401">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b11178153324010">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b2017819334404">DELETE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b111781233114020">EXCHANGE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b1517916337401">TRUNCATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__b1617913374020">DROP</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815040__i817919337409">partition</em>). This column is recorded only on the local CN.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0759.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0759.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d4bb639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0759.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</h1>
+<div id="body1543482317963"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__b14655481515">PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</strong> displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after a node is started.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ta0aff93270d8498e893b35d1debbed38" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__r29f303c6f97648949a165a7de76f003f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ae6ae5cc821e34c2b8ffd138570558a78">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__aadf8b4e75cda4ef9b193b66cc4215117">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ac8755ba035374a0f873af068039a6d84">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__r356bae4400694f36a8832925cead01cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ac92a74a996f04d54bfd1eef8249d21f6">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__a3c09ba6106ee426b8035d42d7912da10">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ab18f9b3ab1b34347b0489743ad9e1d49">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__r1494e61c4fe94b8e934ac1d864a39eba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__a8e38fbf69ba74ae9a6ed7bc2fcee8685">databaseid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__af73d898179064deda24908ad75d9c32c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__aa42443c9a0dc4ac7881abe63f7a0c7e6">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__rf6eb78ecd10d4111b79120ffb3433f59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ace8645e7bc404be5b321d960992dae94">tablespaceid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__a371a1556c014411a87c4171cd9fbcd01">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__a6c9303b168c04f73bd336b7ac1c3c1f6">Tablespace OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ra6d7f32b43964552a3f75ea23b306ecf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__acb4a282e2b294aa9bb43332a3c94e535">relfilenode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__a2df06ed50178466196d3a8823bc3f00b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__ae9047590f14742eebe2e77ad4af97afb">File object ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__row6986152213412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p5987422114110">forknum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p20987142210415">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p10987122224119">File type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__row2618174220414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p2061844264118">error_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p6618442154112">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p13618742154117">Number of verification failures</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__row15865252134117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p17865175254117">first_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p986595224119">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p88655527415">Time of the first occurrence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__row185381834194118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p1753803434119">last_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p35388341412">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974648__p85381034124119">Time of the latest occurrence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0760.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0760.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c925b1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0760.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_BGWRITER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__en-us_topic_0059778449_p39295200418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__b84235270620334">PG_STAT_BGWRITER</strong> displays statistics about the background writer process's activity.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__t3e2ffd91e54b4b8f8291e16b775229a7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_BGWRITER columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r73e00ed3b74046fda446f9f7217a2107"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a0e508651ce5347ce92b5bb7a77d1607b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a69bc5b8395644673b2bb8f5c0bffcf53">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a32ef8ad9d7204a26838527d176d64dbf">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__rc745d48fa36144989905621543204c77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a58cb8d0383d540268f386b79335a6e1e">checkpoints_timed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__aa8147666d4874d3295ecafa6c1b44fc0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ae43abdefd15c4b1a91246c1ba9d5d0ab">Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__rbd98e5607d554d0ba26410f15cd7a192"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a77abc2221f2849479e7c84657712f419">checkpoints_req</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a439e51876cce40548810e738e29f60ef">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a6984e5388a844beeac51ffae8da5ff70">Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__rbf72b5e5c3e641389316f5a4b4f03f1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ad621225d40444aec9d402cc50a9960e1">checkpoint_write_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ad36e5fe136684da9b4d7c64a622ffcd9">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__adf3e5c8c552a46b386243375900978fb">Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r3c73051b3dce4dc4997e2305db3aa837"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a945ce03c7efb4746afdaef5d4cf31abd">checkpoint_sync_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a7d121120994e43bbba6586029166221e">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__aea76f3dfc0534ecd99efe91536c45557">Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__rd815ee783687437eaf457bbadac5aa02"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__aed3cffefc74549c9b81399157a98d268">buffers_checkpoint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a047a2f9b08f8419a80be1aa9a3f66d0f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a444326b2815841cdbe4be93957efbe89">Number of buffers written during checkpoints</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r1582e6d70d654951bebb448a7bac2748"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ad25708b691ef46dbad6b5efdc886f210">buffers_clean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ab004f00da16d4b4fabe2460022fce1bd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__ac536f55ea83c4510926a26cb4ee38720">Number of buffers written by the background writer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r863195713a7f45c4ae4d102ae75bd10b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a546da2e786ff477d885b1affd92e4655">maxwritten_clean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a9249c69d4ab94bd49b125d0cbe0a5865">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__aa2d3a7c40b52407799e53d8e08e4125c">Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__rc3575ed36aa64f7bb7098a1b390adcae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a2a35f5ace946433b889d6f044486d917">buffers_backend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a94dd4a350d5944e6bf1b17ed09ed0d7d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__p8659105272814">Number of buffers written directly by a backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r8c81afc3bfca40a480f9f3012f520524"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a8f9786fbc413438180fcd3874cc15211">buffers_backend_fsync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a3c2bccedeb88448db04328c96335a4d5">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__adc77fc277b5641439947f318ce527380">Number of times that a backend has to execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__b0226162817508">fsync</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__r51ee092fc14245e3b8caffb2e73378dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a022df488c6dd4a78a0a33bd4ef2a2804">buffers_alloc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a5f2af6e4ab804e4cbb2d66e2e5d64ef3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__afd8bbd5bcde44ec99ee8fa1390b1cbc9">Number of buffers allocated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__re6d1b510d09c49f98b12662a909260cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a22a8a18e326f46f9860f9ece9a906008">stats_reset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a34fbc9d15c1f445f8cfec4ca441a7308">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134700__a7b3d79c7d62f45589e4ce96756180588">Time at which these statistics were reset</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a22311a945dbd456d8745e2827a41a9b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__b189081327101017">PG_STAT_DATABASE</strong> displays the status and statistics of each database on the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__t629997705f6f4eda9fb27156cc969c88" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_DATABASE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rb54b76944ad149e6bcc783186a20157a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a95f7e4f31c534d349b08e064bc0dc740"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__acb35a2d4452c4b229d66ab35409dd3f4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__aa248297c2b444bd3ac6226813cf0dd83">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rc85b3aec06864ffd8846de27dd8e3c7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ad34ef8bc4191401fadb3a5465950b6bb">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a9b266ce9cd6b4ff0a1883f4a38acf69d">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__add19e573cac64dbb9f72870baa017175">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rd48e59c7c6e143a688170dfe32e8ba50"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a6abe57158e0a459ca14d9e8ed56bb4ee">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a2a635c95b4fa40fca4ad7410fb1565b6">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a9039af5fe9b24728b1a0f7b2680a5df5">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r740428d8e0504bdd8c0c18f5e117e12e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a7cd94efbcdad48658e9a6355a338a334">numbackends</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__abace4e4740094b58a7b1021a0e91e163">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ac1f32c265ae74e8bbc6214bb8bcb02da">Number of backends currently connected to this database on the current node. This is the only column in this view that reflects the current state value. All columns return the accumulated value since the last reset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rebc87812437a421aa1c580614b773e95"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a903e031f44184ac38d09f9ab82c14162">xact_commit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a516ed809947249da97f5c08958929294">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a0d819435f3ed47579b378bb962303667">Number of transactions in this database that have been committed on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r1eb31779f4504b598811cf58256c63d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__aa85c0da18bfc4672ae05159c2271e005">xact_rollback</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a92911a08d94d409e8514ceddd95d91e3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a57c160118f0342f0a68b545700a94918">Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r9217a2cfed914a6c918b514ed473a3d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a00b5de8199484e1da6b0f70fd3ecc96d">blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a05e2e6a712b7402889176fec1c9216ec">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ae62fdccf606a418ca1b7ee5e6c4c0235">Number of disk blocks read in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r647ae50de4b04164beda977bac40203a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a0997efbf00144901a63d719c4d68154d">blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__abd1481b5cdbb42af94c2a64ebd9687a2">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__abfb5ea52e6c7404da7cc8bb27a2998e4">Number of disk blocks found in the buffer cache on the current node, that is, the number of blocks hit in the cache. (This only includes hits in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__text1493415811543">GaussDB(DWS)</span> buffer cache, not in the file system cache.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rc9ba81f9867b4960a275c77361807d96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a32ce700348314cfb9fb36a084ade91ee">tup_returned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ac0f399efecd84916a846b2e74f659233">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a9811632f011c41f6adbd6d6716cf2d2f">Number of rows returned by queries in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r30d5f0667c7843f0b875ccd892bf631a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a14f6130172b24d07b246c3fbc0bdec4b">tup_fetched</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a570f9189b9c74e818ad65364b671d559">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a2a271c510c0f45b89beee0521894c30d">Number of rows fetched by queries in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r428699d05ac44fe5bb698ee2ad723f15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a25678c8f8c144751aedf127e6ccc3881">tup_inserted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ac8fcdf9f63714eec907298bcc1f05d7e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a7e4d43c116944ee9b1f445f24890f15a">Number of rows inserted in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r2107bf9faeb94cf2a2637cca34a33a70"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a7ca03d36c1d045378b32b7ffff83b87e">tup_updated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ad6c074bf365c41788753cb90790959cb">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a71e7e7dde716420db68b9eeb08cee9e5">Number of rows updated in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r3026565685744f9b9183c65cc708c188"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a923bfd41970d4596b4766bb86c6543a6">tup_deleted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a8749bb4025f9466db5ba6731a2646072">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__af49e49bd50a34db2843d79082885375f">Number of rows deleted from this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rff69066a6fcd4dc18a13c185cbf9b602"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a3b2389fc05834a91bf293808f9eb10dc">conflicts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a8f624feb13e347e0a44e4b8e77fd9dbc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a19e28432e45a46a8b51d3deb98bf3c2a">Number of queries canceled due to database recovery conflicts on the current node (conflicts occurring only on the standby server). For details, see <a href="dws_04_0762.html">PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r59ae04efcffd4cb2815c9fc0c7a57bcd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a85f10f1c7e4d4f85a85007d80e665f41">temp_files</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a2bccc88cc3da494499157adc392137e0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a96c855e896274f40992ccb2d5c0d18ae">Number of temporary files created by this database on the current node. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (for example, sorting or hashing), and regardless of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__b162577125121">log_temp_files</strong> setting.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r04e645ca714345cda6f4e87754bf997c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a7516864db2ea48ff99380f40884d1bf4">temp_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__aa1f914851ba645d59605b857cb217a1f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a0907a338821d4d8c8aa7408004d19952">Size of temporary files written to this database on the current node. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__b662012183127">log_temp_files</strong> setting.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r530dd0a274d34cf5bd459de5c5378e8a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ad22c11f1b40a446baa9b3bb02cb33bd0">deadlocks</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a5f4878c0714449008d6a69dd844eabc4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a42438bc52bb54737aae7f80399ee5901">Number of deadlocks in this database on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r929a571bcf1540b1a2d3107742cfd024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ac4d49bd961954794aaeb54a132e32acf">blk_read_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a03eeacc59e974c3d8adb542b80f226f0">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__aaa5c3a92ed3844619fc78a8cc4be3974">Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database on the current node, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__r7caeedb82aac4639ad0ac0b96def9bb2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a2f20205cdfdc459a8d9555e83fabf045">blk_write_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__af48c2967c4ab4448a06de82bee6d2700">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a85ffba5d79a246e1b57305296fb3bcaa">Time spent writing into data file blocks by backends in this database on the current node, in milliseconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__rfc763719ed76421ea9f3ea7ca1773414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__ac9a4bb4277114e94afe2b7a3ba0b051f">stats_reset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a032410f30fc54f54a809043f51c84874">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814918__a7182e0873049487eadeb1d603aababb3">Time when the database statistics are reset on the current node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0762.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0762.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7fe28ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0762.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__en-us_topic_0059778847_p142258281441"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__b182941812181210">PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS</strong> displays statistics about database conflicts.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__tedeb4ffce0e0485c8079db9e7d4b98fa" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__ra7194cc073a44bef8fd10dcabe6f6986"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__abc3133965bb84a808ff0eef4f959ccb7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a33cfca543cfb4a139e2736cbe4021e5e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a860b368f658a47f7810f4e804bda4ecd">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__r6bc943ad5baf47c5ada4bc626fb4c3bb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__aaf7daec1e05c4ecb8d5b5fc229c53b62">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__ac62d9b30660c4b7a87aae032735174c4">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a5c6c10ae7937417ca8003000e35962dd">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__redaf6fad34c14cb59ad49f536fda92f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a358f24b7cb0a40899ce84eb8e29f822f">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a83bcea88ecc54decb5996b4bfe8f6a8d">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a80b7799ce93f415e8b99df87ce0fb9bf">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__r8ac6e716172c411ea221225169db2290"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__aef37e87fc27b4aabb7b59edece83158a">confl_tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a753c047ce34544c884df70aaad84e995">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a3b4b29cae9b44f019ca408fc452eee63">Number of conflicting tablespaces</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__rb19db5c86de846798eea0c0069f78d43"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a9740c07120e54a09a1013bd6dd747bb5">confl_lock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a9d4378ffa71f4da4af1a98e098f7c08a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a5002614a9d8c42a591eaed01c7f2050b">Number of conflicting locks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__ra775595b45e4448ca74f0d9aff5a71ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a514784024cf64880aaa5623ec0ebe957">confl_snapshot</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a78c609497c1a44438b81709e69de568a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a5b59367720644f4680539e1b2c8bb1a5">Number conflicting snapshots</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__rceca4d5f239f4db69807a4f736183488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a7f0a2637a582449b8d68254139f880df">confl_bufferpin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a10c572a8d58f4d789a7664ac4eecb258">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a056d7f6d2d4841388545864e6072bb49">Number of conflicting buffers</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__r783c9739526e4cb99f6b044c151b034a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a2d09b2782fc94e209b4ca4ac96802adf">confl_deadlock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__ac77be81a759b45c4ad688e350b449ed9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134496__a3651af7b8fd044d9b4ec238e6b8e7a0b">Number of conflicting deadlocks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0763.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0763.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0fc4df2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0763.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED</h1>
+<div id="body1537502241567"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__b7104171617597">PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED</strong> displays the current activity information of a thread stored in memory. You need to specify the thread ID (pid in <a href="dws_04_0755.html">PG_STAT_ACTIVITY</a>) for query. If the thread ID is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__b2096815341831">0</strong>, the current thread ID is used. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__screen19192339142319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_get_mem_mbytes_reserved</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__table230952415412" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_GET_MEM_MBYTES_RESERVED columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row63108240547"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p183109249540">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p9310224125414">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row8310524145415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p16310924155418">ConnectInfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p131052411548">Connection information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row113101824145414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p14310162405410">ParctlManager</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p331019248540">Concurrency management information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row14310142475412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p1431015244545">GeneralParams</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p203105241541">Basic parameter information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row8310142455419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p12310192411547">GeneralParams RPDATA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p33104242544">Basic resource pool information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row19310162485418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p33101224145413">ExceptionManager</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p14310024155412">Exception management information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row14310142417544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p131017248549">CollectInfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p1831042414548">Collection information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row13310624135411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p14310192495417">GeneralInfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p63101124165413">Basic information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row133111824125415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p18311202475415">ParctlState</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p1031112241542">Concurrency status information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row631112435418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p3311192475419">CPU INFO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p1331119249549">CPU information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row531142405414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p11311162412548">ControlGroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p3311324125418">Cgroup information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__row42450497315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p924719491933">IOSTATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814745__p12474498312">I/O status information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0764.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0764.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a1cab2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0764.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__en-us_topic_0059779233_p14142632542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__b842352706182741">PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS</strong> displays user-defined function status information in the namespace. (The language of the function is non-internal language.)</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__t460112dade344d4fb4a3a43bb78ebfc6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__r6cdcc194ff82434697d2f537aee41dce"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a66956bca14174d10a58c58a2b85f0cf0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__aa7c13ed1b664454d84aa5b7398232d58">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__ae6803dc0c4b449f7aec6761667ede33c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__rcb11d67cfdc54fc1a7b6b582eb291927"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a31d9f729a792485785a0c85c19d99352">funcid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a259ca07be516440e950c4087a986e010">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a667f8cbdbf934a5d88e1c594da12ed2d">Function OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__rd4968d67766140b89ce7e40c70d2921a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__afac2640b18fc4c59b92a229c480cc682">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__ae548b55610da48c399592990656b6660">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__ae3fb88bc81cf407582005440b8048f2f">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__rbd4f8f31ac494bafb4ac9a0213d0dd4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a10ed217b984645f6a6e76fbf3fbb7104">funcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__ad172445ea68c4cf28f7eb520847dae79">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a538c85e820d144879c46d4e1a9b6ad0f">Function name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__re3ac1f0baf764b199727f83ce3cc25e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__aa90409863d1741d2805cb4fc8aaa9da8">calls</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a37664c1b69004ed9a658ec0efb22f983">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a4c894c17083e422083951b27d80fc27b">Number of times this function has been called</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__rf40a69bbdb84441e9333bd06d9298ebd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a11b5f016d8b348a4973e1f2b3b10321b">total_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__af400def6c6714cb691c9d2ae8a9e3df5">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__ab72da84a3a8f48e09aebbc02ba6810d7">Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__r3fee9a759e5d430f9274b97debbbbac9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a4c3b1f66972c498ca4fd9d5474c7fb60">self_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a7e09d979ad524357bd487cc5101cf5d2">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.800000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814335__a72b67d14336a4df4be0137e39d008ca2">Total time spent in this function itself, excluding other functions called by it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0765.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0765.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f260adf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0765.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__en-us_topic_0059777687_p726419361416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__b84235270622367">PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES</strong> displays information about the index status of user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__t96afcb279b13400f9eacde8e37a8a7e8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__rc6d303271e18472bad5b634b15d2b546"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__ae95bd1ff51344f58b52a1d085620349f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a7b03b933bcbe4c32ad65014bbf9e4fa8">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__aba0dda3cc0b9404893dbecd45fe63bd3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r85c76db7ceeb44dc8e1dc136f3ea93cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a443f1f32056745c89ff0a8362866c1db">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a80ea051c8c3240f2934c6d64c696f283">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__aa7c281c0b5884ed894b4304d7a9420af">Table OID for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r35e1e3c698e3449899471416773374ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__af3a7442343764c0f92747c93f31577cd">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a5cde03f08a20472289cf0b380e7aa0e5">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__af6aa24bcc716417c9b64cfec094121b9">Index OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r45cc2aa9c0284b46aa5720e541b902de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a11fd71a92e4e4f689f0587e940c381f1">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a17e35fc4777d495b9dce29d2f8c68ed8">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__aa1b7782af6734c87aa58eceb11e00251">Schema name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r08606e8552c0413a8fa209322f5f3858"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a83191abfae234edaaadf831c1c1cf04b">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a30adafe1d8ce4ea7affefedb00ac7ab4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a7c7f27134cc24dd7ad2de674ae3b887a">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__re6d03b029c054490b968902eb0102053"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a42b9186bf05642fdb8d51311122d17f8">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__afd74e0826f6d4e09bf165304c9c7d5de">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__ae1bfafaf9de94a5cb2c9c605343a2524">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r577ca22f19734ab295a174b6f621efb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a99561104d9d44d52998705365aef0b60">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a49aa7be40eac406bb6e12937db2954b9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a1c3a220e5aa245c49541c0332affb934">Number of index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r17765a0c5f954331bc3704c35e46e1cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__ab79643161828414984864c2762c10052">idx_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__af0d1d997aea74f63bf29e4e84ca4cea7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a28ac92fef6e04f89b3641569a22ba65f">Number of index entries returned by scans on this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__r9e8351f24423400aa7d9c9ed1c7cbec9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__a2d2805ffd99b47ad8c0a3967d45b8e6e">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.01%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__ac1d7c231fc254a6eaec8194b25efb39c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.14%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894545__p98541834114810">Number of rows that have live data fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0766.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0766.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd41abd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0766.html
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_USER_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__en-us_topic_0059777497_p751712394413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__b842352706184522">PG_STAT_USER_TABLES</strong> displays status information about user-defined ordinary tables and TOAST tables in all namespaces.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__t5523907597b345b0b2c821a04a2017eb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_USER_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ra07cf8d1e3d243bba323a67bebfe8ab6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a1ab6ca09ce294a7e9fdfb524aa556726"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a1c42e8d63d98481c872c911efd5a9a93">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aaceab1c5eed34c94826ca78c4a3112f5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__rbd0cb3cb7d8e4fe48ddba6acb269bef1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aa2da4c9bd30c4c2593c2003fe3dbfcda">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__acad2a252311f4990b507578a430eeec1">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a02a829f83c6847bdbe9a335ecc39c42b">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r9926a85391294d84a7c14e15dc5b3874"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ab035ee0a99b448edb67ea17d079496f1">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae2c07c78250347a8922aca091b6788be">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae3f6144410bf4b66b654968dc084c7a3">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r1af3a129466742858e5f6f7498be5950"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__abff1c59a759c4e218a141466866c3bc7">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a7a2422d242e147df8cc26cc2fbae2ed4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__af86a8927d04c4164a5131421cfbe4bc7">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r3ee2b6457a0b450fb44bf1670f87eb7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a4c0518f50fa0415dac6d212343778a55">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae1b9b475f7494d78b3596ba6066a08df">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__acd2c4d197ed240e0b62d5f24cc80d64a">Number of sequential scans started on the table. Data in this column is valid only for non-system catalogs on the local CN.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r0da01d10f5d7447bb6b0c788920a570a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aa729110ab7684f07a1ded2f6ef36cb95">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a0c171169fb4a4d278fa8d80743cbbcb8">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a47518359017841629bd1ff68827aaa4f">Number of rows that have live data fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r9d7a0e4ebc6f4a9ab12cea14962f0393"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a479be393f79b43c095cd7898da366cd6">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae1c39522a5734193ab567d0883fc86d4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aa7c2bcc2abaf4b8d9956048f5efe1f22">Number of index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r68cf99987f5e42948a580bdfe96e92f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae01c99e85e324a93a327507bfaced66a">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a2e47f3951d374a47bac4058bd4610430">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a1c3bb332d33047f483eec656a82d50a8">Number of rows that have live data fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__rb5f0f593dca945728add0651beba2509"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a51673f195f87439cb6fa860d7500a317">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ac9eb25b3196f4d4f97bbc1153eff8fee">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a87fbd142875e4275bb220d240bed4f0e">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r8a3d9a6781724b65b869209c59cd133a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aa78495bb45df456089388fbf1fa6aba4">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aa90897e553f0453982db6da38fbf8c71">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a17d99e28a91240838f102d10e2420e5b">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r67d41afde3e2411398d43f0a7248e825"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a17c44c8984ef40d89e3ad5c22572dd37">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__adddbef7d808b43eeb4ad8dae2e6a8bff">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a112cdcbd66d24df0a6c6cf1198baf3e7">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r31fce8f80d824e9993d5d52dc1ad47ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a146957298dcc4c859e53f64bc989f678">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a166b8cb42a954de885c8a7f3478de8c7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a3e3348171457416ab9e806786249b456">Number of rows updated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__b1192015145">HOT</strong> (no separate index update is required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r491e3b44ceef4893a9d1f15df1f79b1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aef5ba0b736924650bdd4ae11cea67589">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a35dbb74402d840359df2effc26b51d1b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a7967e79a30b943f8b6f3bc86d5d6d201">Estimated number of live rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r5e02b1a25900471ca49f46f1727bfc31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ae4d220ba0fac492e9ebc3f26142a414f">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a919b8e8f791c47b392916618037a47e9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ab348dc1c7df24633904ffd26de2a3499">Estimated number of dead rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r4d4ffcde98254973adc65b1ff9c2c9e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a87aeadeecca04539ba2cb88d551ffd58">last_vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ace848cb1998c453ca3a37b46266e8ac8">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aedc40c9806f9415395206fc5c70fec45">Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__b19528732191413">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__rd08a3ccf345c424dbad2f94f11d85856"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a68c88146f8544dd9b5b00cd2ab2f672c">last_autovacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a4fe1aa0befb54614a8adb5a52cd70390">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a21bf9682d7e8435cbddc92f72400ad95">Last time at which this table was automatically vacuumed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r6be884b32dff45b6a2acc8c8e8eb4abd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a6d21b036e7f34bb78c2dd012ef698543">last_analyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ad3525b1fb6494bfb9e764031a37e22fa">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ac57e8fbbdabc44078b9545114e79ce24">Last time at which this table was analyzed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r09c44c1648a64330846138f1b88d98b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a0d99bf82ef4c4bf98d371da15c5df8ee">last_autoanalyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a873b4cc00d6147c3ab941b39923284c9">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a42176d2e6fb24a1aa561dae668f8102c">Last time at which this table was automatically analyzed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ra3bfe181e8bc4c33b69e051345cdd48f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__af10cf1b80aa342f78db6fac4006e9b1e">vacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ad53ea2c95b2c4fef83416a7e8a74f7da">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__aab6836865d0149de9369dcbfb2a2231a">Number of vacuum operations (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__b954494010141">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__r81233bc5c6604c8a90c9975fed051c75"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a6e641495b7f841a78f453803df0f0941">autovacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a445a1a2ece334312aa7adda3ab480f0f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a5fb88cc18af0458cafa07c602e634a58">Number of autovacuum operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__rbf90a3207f384e7bac7a26faf28bb782"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ad3d9d2900ed745258abb1bcd00aba530">analyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__afa2fc75a627a4a6fade057d786bd3180">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ab0efc455c01743bb99a5bc8828f23d61">Number of analyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__rd7f25fbeb43540d6a18c2b6e8f723aea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__abf98b0bc545b4d54bf6272beeb4adcdf">autoanalyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__ab5f0931e8ba049109c56eda73a3362c9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134778__a319c097bfa8c42248c13e34724b05f9e">Number of autoanalyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0767.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0767.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_REPLICATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aee012e82db1d478d8615b52af6f491f5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a7b260bedfe8443ccaffdaf3faeab52b5">PG_STAT_REPLICATION</strong> displays information about log synchronization status, such as the locations of the sender sending logs and the receiver receiving logs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__t84a3bcf01835495380b83850a40b3464" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_REPLICATION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__rf5cc2a2a712043f1b5b1f30baea993bf"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a26640333bd3b49b49e81e9d8610bbee0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a03708617fa854b4c9b0d16a4da11e8e9">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a4a6e73929e554cd0bada6666853ce68a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r034f5a8c83274d818e927fe24426a52b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a48f11792100a4cb69515335f0930b283">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ac37b6ec9b8f34bb2ba3678e1c2d6f6f3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ae6a67aa375ac41249983c529d7b245f7">PID of the thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r619ddeeb384b4d4abfbf137eb2972b64"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ab7aa7110fb9843de8fc511f7ace7506d">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__abb520301b851458bad552c7916ab62d2">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a9984390e82684b2290182b079104309b">User system ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__rb7d2b9c5ba174d05bc886294be4bcfb9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__af9f278c9b89d4dc1b2d0f9bcdac9660d">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a38ce82f1b47c4da7a2812e1ac84192d1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__acdf276f1b8524e07807d6e123c55e4d9">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r31618cc5b1994c0c957e3503564b4e99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ac68dfafa1c574f5ea5b46f1501bf31c1">application_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a7568a8adb8db48968b0f6876e31d9db1">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__af5c69d148a214e34a047d736829519ee">Application name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r6d37581f2cd64ffebf1f3e0265163e09"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ab67ec85784164d10a1102de83a416404">client_addr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aae87de26c4604f16be42d103b82f863d">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a79c1233f6a7e4abe94e5423cd7d11ffb">Client address</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ra16b67b3decc456a9bd17c378f7d63f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__afb14b9fbb1f7477bbef19ee15351f810">client_hostname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a9fd9cda1c1e34998b7dc7cf5ecf9b167">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a50c10df46e3e4fe3a6eaf89a0b4ebd08">Client name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r5c253a570d89449d84b5030d8dbc4624"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ad9ed77588785469aafb81e61f74e6311">client_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a15f86f212a31423483b61359c2130b0f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a2e911587c7934e869b10bd55bb636bcd">Client port number</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r74cf74073a7545fab387dec160b24deb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a2f32d824fe024420b0985dc5b2f30666">backend_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__acfd74e3eab2f40a8807ac2c60ee8f8f9">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a4895eec4030449de8133e1e30b54f0eb">Start time of the program</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r3b6d6197ae6346f8b01f6940e35a27d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a2f1361dbd2fc45aeafb768553bff0bfd">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a79b94f59c6b9412fb0d963c08fe935a4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__af311392e128644e981041cfc24a739be">Log replication state (catch-up or consistent streaming)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__rdaf79bd84587480d89a908832a99345d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__acf154f9397534bfba5fda0e7a393fa0f">sender_sent_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a3aad16020654427f8716491943a1f562">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aaf528044d77349989b4fffda9f23e9ca">Location where the sender sends logs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r2a85110962c448c288bdb700bcce62ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ab841998de8ee40ac8fb1fe8a6d1493ce">receiver_write_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a90be9eb501e0459295c7eaec6556577c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ace36b20bd77b44fd84b0ff1611976af5">Location where the receiver writes logs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r59afa7d465bf4375a0dff057e1d3916b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__af9b2ceef160a4688a149f5ee8edda571">receiver_flush_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ab0146a5e531c4200ab07b3c2623ddb8c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__adfb15c3da2c144eda328a68a669e2b99">Location where the receiver flushes logs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__rc5fff2a1e95a4455882c34b900690e80"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a7e56126f56da433fbe806dc319bfad13">receiver_replay_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aeeb3c6539ccf4182a2c25e2baffa532a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a1f1ba142e8e64c26b945c764200a56cb">Location where the receiver replays logs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__ra3383b2349504df288b742b76203be2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a9786f2235cc74d95b880d0829fb77755">sync_priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a8c86910f6cc24b08b7dedce537bc0b60">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__a3e8400d0a7674bffb0a3466323fdddfc">Priority of synchronous duplication (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__b842352706224457">0</strong> indicates asynchronization)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__r8914a4fc36044a789a4ac8d27e3df3ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aa78d8803d3fb42b388e284f95a1d0d33">sync_state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aa897e3d899e946668e2029f6bc42e58b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814431__aff9c90ead15546e5b9885c6c2d12fbb5">Synchronization state (asynchronous duplication, synchronous duplication, or potential synchronization)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0768.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0768.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09a5d43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0768.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__en-us_topic_0059779068_p044874712410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__b842352706113925">PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES</strong> displays the index status information about all the system catalogs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__b84235270611417">pg_catalog</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__b842352706114114">information_schema</strong> schemas.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__tcccdc3e196f64050b2ebb86592baf44c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r2ef22172992f46ac9513b6a964e0735f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__abd3216863c7047fea6a3dcbdc4b2f3a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a5b62d806d33f418e861f345850f30b3a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__ac4307c624e7445979edd04521a730541">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r0629545866e240cc91fff09828571fda"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__adb9b02a1b9c54549b71711e5fb495a75">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__adba073e119fa44f7b57a775f8b8b0a1b">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__acf4ea2b14a6a47f5ad957c090d2578c6">Table OID for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r3222cc622f404cad85fce1c8625299d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a78f73d0ef08e45b088dd97baf4ce5485">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a5eb4840f177241fa9cc3a9b2d6c54095">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a16eebedbb46549c6bbd8d74b65a58a7a">Index OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__re4600a43f6f5489a810ae676992c9831"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__afcd8c34f5ec8495d966be30c59a95aae">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__ab160eb9c88be4418828ddc67dbb6f81d">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a04f091f4639045f4bbad140ae8a889c0">Schema name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r7eecf2e4d64741bbac874c06ad2cc977"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__ac25de43ae7f342928ed9367068a13183">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__ae263c6aee0c64d33b6574678a50109b3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a88d8ed0502514be3940bb903c954a6d0">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r9b4b577dab0d429eb9596498657a3367"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__af99881cfced24643892dcc81b410847c">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__acb52e2fe77b946d99bb4fca0b40d6be7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__ac8e8967990b14498a92a8397f22b8dab">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__rb3d32bf04f214d02b98c593d2cb3972b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__aef113df749924ef18ab7119d68c3b88f">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__aece8d5b12f494e9db9533ecc5b5f36e5">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__p16151643592">Number of index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__rc070c961eab24c47bdb3b71c3967adeb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a891199d479e74c059b86e5d48ac8a747">idx_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a71eb86984a46419cb8a153bb9bc567f4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__p156163413594">Number of index entries returned by scans on this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__r3271bdbada394b4a9f9976539ccfefd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.16%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__a8d663f9a6a8c475aa8320663f0078623">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.690000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__aaa2873f54ec44186a9b64f2df0cf324a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.150000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814703__p561620485913">Number of rows that have live data fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0769.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0769.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fbe8b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0769.html
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__en-us_topic_0059777944_p107995517412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b842352706115010">PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES</strong> displays the statistics about the system catalogs of all the namespaces in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b842352706115245">pg_catalog</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b842352706115236">information_schema</strong> schemas.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__tb97625a52fd74c12a5186c62b31ad454" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r25421b4179a64d22af1eec426478766b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a27ce8f437a17473a9d6cd91fcf4fa420"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a80b9bfeefd96489aa97df2c6ec7a5291">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__acb0b6c7abfdc4ffb8c058d615149643d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r077dbad6b6d34e838de72074c4d75fa8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a96c854cdc73d4032bfca943b20e1f973">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a5bb834a37ceb4a848e10729fa1904f9f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ada370e6b77324aeba7875db0033a65f2">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r161c41284bb64327884b03da1c4080a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a33f6dac45b134519b73a1d01e0b6ac31">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a5e75ea67f438419aa9dc4f7d41c09c7c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a280b53ee560a47edb26e68afd044c385">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r314bd31585fe47abbb6ad9705b79a880"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a6f72ea89d14e4f2d91daa2c1259ed370">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a60d6a76d6ba04a858d6009d9ff40216a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a7fcac95a3b774620be185aa4d7114dd7">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r4130ed1756c24644b649dcac47f945c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a9f9a3020841242268d5d61982d990e8e">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__abd2d125c72ab49ef95d6009ffabe0c2e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p88311054194411">Number of sequential scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r64f7a7963835418ca0331f7932916f06"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a62a39ae9cd6a4bdca79ed9945e416836">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__afae51dcea48c4e10a08fb061df70b463">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a5199961fd08a400794c507eeca1bf54d">Number of rows that have live data fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rf5cb97b75dbb439fb51fec836f301030"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a600efc88e3fa4c66a71b1e5783cb8f42">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ab84889b7008c4f33a1613fc7db2747ab">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__adb9a9bd3c68e4bd78f76150b2ca37869">Number of index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__reb2b45c9de0248ae90198dd916eba441"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a339e25119e2f44b78d1fd87588df89f4">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a745da3f507084b2d83d08af23580340e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a6b4fb25edd754399b6451c6ad656c5bd">Number of rows that have live data fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r54f171917b9b40398e2c926e0621ce14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a62c17f63d8684deaa831fdf66b181408">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a11797d4c16be4261a268b06c2433d3a7">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a51c0c0558b644466969d2a87b54b414f">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r9fd09b835c78433cb88d0006b9387bcc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a31bc18e80aed4ecb80424e1a7ba9e480">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ae75fefc7c1354564a0cdabcb6e3ac448">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__af2bd3f137e2348598479a5f096d27ca5">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rcd0d7dc41810476e97bbdc05f2846300"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a5ff01cd181424f95831b2448affc14cf">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ae4f48a9a5ebc444c8f39252655b31dca">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a4c9c71a0a08f4dd481f33cbb7f9801eb">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r2ee5fc81f41f42abba81d1601411a8cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a26d77c6135d948cc957e1e35a24d4cf4">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__afce652daf9d943729c6ee713238e8407">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__af6957165bccf42afb715286839857084">Number of rows HOT updated (that is, with no separate index update required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rdf8ba071002e45bb9a823c2119342b2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ad9a079cfb75b49ddbdada753943dd208">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ae7d63eceeea049ba94d64f8b8938e577">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a86a7ba4b0e234674a491dbb2e46e45a0">Estimated number of live rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rcb98eb04ca104f39b38bff2694c800ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__aaa8163822fe14a5e8435851b5debde3d">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a6f581dc5d9154477b6370ea6dcc1ee83">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ab428f86b8fc24615ba1f990d7da90ab6">Estimated number of dead rows</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r8257b7045d9c4d8c9041bf88888934e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__accb0d5d0239f4186b3ba87ccba9bf76d">last_vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__af74a5aa0d27d40bda00afe94bc3a1b04">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p15913313466">Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b20741142733716">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r6d1603eba3ab47bf909772056f6522bb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__aa907d8ed0c654a5792bf02a304123c33">last_autovacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a34fbd7caa2c14751bdbbfc23dd8c73ed">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p159633114610">Last time at which this table was automatically vacuumed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r81ed548e2ec046b8befc6fa6c4b7dff8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a4715912fdceb4b2cb4996ebf53495839">last_analyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a71e403ecea6e4bcf8591e56a84bdd5e4">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p260133164620">Last time at which this table was analyzed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r71499082c68c4e26b94f19ae12c6d5ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a48e34071102842828278c12f9a13b259">last_autoanalyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a72e4ec825dcf49b3bfa2223105c0585a">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p76018338464">Last time at which this table was automatically analyzed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rd3b87f436bec4b2980aed652933670e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ad5e69ca639824001857281d7058fd538">vacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a1dc7b3d670534c0cb16ac1db063cc6c1">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p15601335463">Number of vacuum operations (excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__b646333713376">VACUUM FULL</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r8e461a190d0147928b1115674c5ccede"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__aab43309c810b4f8087f86f82c4d62ca6">autovacuum_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a33b7ce62abfc4b96b37ac2f102cf2ea4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p46043364616">Number of autovacuum operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__r08d0ff4e4de94602887d4d9b8d6c9301"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__ac0c8cabdf21345f7b8be44d55d1b5897">analyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__af94a55204a904319a6fa220ec2d5bab8">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p1861183314610">Number of analyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__rb3d7842d22e649638f7f3bbac18b72d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a2875319d6b42423693aa2ad574ef011d">autoanalyze_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__a9d8b3c74324a4bcd98d6a3fefdeeabc9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814359__p126112336463">Number of autoanalyze operations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0770.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0770.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__en-us_topic_0059778946_p173902513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__b84235270614407">PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES</strong> displays the transaction status information about all ordinary tables and TOAST tables in the namespaces.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__t018bb45eb50f431ea9ad5ac3a1858c8e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r99b3f2036daf4631af7e4b997190f228"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__acb157f75b0b1405692a0db954d77b81f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a64583ebb91e346caa6fb6d7f3f76ad46">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a5e512f20a45e4636a7213ae3ebde9c85">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r3ee5854e05e048ec83e26365a803a1aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a782e24adda884bb68c21cd3ad48198fd">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a7549e01a5c2342318fcf35ddb704f182">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ac39db45380d3484a8cd9243a6b5a3973">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r0817e429ec7c4d959025e62a9c993bcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a879d0a6111864b96a14a2895f16d8e1e">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a3e674d2f20d349ae8345b98969495e5a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a51039a68ae9240dfb30aee461f54d750">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__rdaa15387e4f0452f90af4a42e4ac3f0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ae626c0be10be49b79d3f6c74e43bfc41">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a4e14f070430e4ee096b794ffd92abcd9">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a1ef63c186f5b4894854d6a76c6a3fc80">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r71fc80ff85c540e5ba93e526565a1ce4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a1d864350e7a1464da003b8b653e9777d">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__aa89a8fb155584ca58f09215c290da18d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a716c5c8f9ce84b35ab59f1d7ccb2ca03">Number of sequential scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r6eee27943b774667b78aa7369ff2230c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a358ff2d54256436ea173eb1e75612e35">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__aea422320348b4b738ff973108ffd7384">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a6fc4deb59f8d4bb8b3067a45eb9cabe9">Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__rb43e670678e145e692ace381beda03ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ad55f2ba6caa94fda821ccaa3bb6835bc">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__afe4519862b6d4c49a51a43c94934c179">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__p17411178185619">Number of index scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r437889808b36462c968c462749d590c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__abb12f62edd0e44e0916e628b27d2e378">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a30e60b54af884463843420dc0bf1825c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__abf8ee9e698df4e0dbc3f5b51e0ca39de">Number of live rows fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__rb19ef5cc8d0d4fdcaa29d449cbe75fea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ac2a408d296144dd581b8d84eebbd920e">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a138adeb0bcb44f36a354fc184c264c02">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ae4faf613df3246b4833f2d7dba3b4d4b">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r7412f1f2c220464a897f6e089c63d86a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a73e7e599fcec43ef885b40ea92c327c7">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ae814824ab1644f6fad217aaaf76240f0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a4a9102768fad4e1e8660e07d039fc2fb">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r4aca52ca16bb42908cdaea25e95f63e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a3c7f54d7b6bd487eb9a262a9c3178cf0">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a70f1885a540b4700a5f1e9800151a319">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a7b48094d61c846bab76e4894450c7c8b">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__r5bc1b391591a408a94f5cb1896082eae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__abbf80f2808434ae690539a2954241ce7">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__ab4ac611ddd14400f87fa722611ad5e63">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894719__a626861c3d60247249567b0efcce60b15">Number of rows HOT updated (that is, with no separate index update required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0771.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0771.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b18ae84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0771.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__en-us_topic_0059777997_p153371641519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__b842352706144912">PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES</strong> displays the transaction status information of the system catalog in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__t6aa9b026d2354193939d3ea93e93099d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r08770142820b44619b270aecb3b13126"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__aadbe763bf4cf43988294097e5704ccc7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a3c50ed3cbbbb4abca0bc692acf0ca162">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__aecb5119fd3bb4567b4e8b7b06bd4c75f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r7acd5b14870b4c9185eac6ce26f50fc7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a8271444bda7345c5adbf91e8128129b0">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a30ec4f2e73754dd6af692bb84d265b45">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a4cec0a52f6c449af9fd775dfff33452b">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ra7dc472c912940eaa96dbd7012b8d6c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ab9d44e23a80d4676bb777967a454c659">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a4a9b94e5055341f9b0051422d4df3bf4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a426e0464a8ec4fb6a1b690a1747661ab">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r9d51bc642e7f476999141936a719eaf5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ace3517d65d1445e5999db60eaac3026e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a1a6db4b06a0448298d21256df27b5c84">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__aa6447a9378974ca5bc23c56dbb8205f6">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__rb559bffc2a354ee198125bdabf6c0360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__af7bad679c7cf4c779fa0d0efd0aeff82">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__adf81a39636bf47a5a3fba6a612d74ec6">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ac9bd71168ac545baad09712dc5bb0ae4">Number of sequential scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__rff8a3c95f5c0406daa0262f69e9dc3b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a033e64e7493a493194e5bb20df1d5e14">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ae584069102454334a713726578a71422">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__af7f9df6f3942439bbaa37d9bf62186b7">Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r4c8603299a284bdab3e69b8901778f1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a1ca011a3d4e843faad24fcc0a6c40372">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__aed9fc114ecae4b56a3343cb936b01905">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a28d38c828b6441ad80eaea074ddf0f78">Number of index scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r5cf0b5fe6f2148a19810e7b97767b2bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a882033213f644f0e9f6dc5795a4f4acb">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a9ce076fd5a6648459cd1824f87bf3479">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a82473f828fbc4461abda6965556465e6">Number of live rows fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__race5dbddcaf04764b47af4240a01d45a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ada7bfd6734ea4f1d9bd3ec2c9f8c8d63">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__ac3d8ca2f3fa847e59b93adb4a7429ec4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a1bc39b26895c4e5db3173be700b4945a">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__r8eb6654063ca47ae8d5ec3903530087d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a9ce7befa3a964e9a96c4a91b2c539ae8">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a46c1af93a3034d3c88e0deb31fb4d12f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a19b73ad408ec4ca4bd51c5668fcfe45b">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__re2efbd1634f34c32bf95229752fe5fe8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a57dceda57e5f4ea783a9be010995efe9">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a655160726a3b4770a193a6f292ec0c36">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a12e1ba6c4a244bd6a7e268d76465149f">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__racb136d45f1f4f5b9f0a8e9478b55c0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__a6d6516f67b2149539c164983a84eea23">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__aff51fe1ed64846d793e0703614199acf">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655226__adfbfb03aa4b249a2afb9732f6c14a019">Number of rows HOT updated (that is, with no separate index update required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0772.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0772.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88409a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0772.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__en-us_topic_0059777719_p136255718512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__b842352706151715">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS</strong> displays statistics about function executions, with statistics about each execution displayed in a row.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__t30108d63e6294e1ca3f317d63ab38a60" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__rd60da8214d224384861b20329fb5a258"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__afaa33fcccc374d98a0b88cc93c4d7ae4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a89218b6b8f304af789a978bbd0cac11a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a949b21b9538e4625a99e0744c626105d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__r7971925f5f4047e3998d40b5338bfa15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__aadb3fc29cedb46d7b0d29e31610eb96c">funcid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a238d9156bf5245bbb0e7b056607844e8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a89554f11739049ada870f03a6dcdf484">Function OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__r5814bb211ff1458597ff1021ba670c48"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__acb01dbb45cec40a5a51f451d13e555fb">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a66dfeda85e544e06b833e4460892ab2b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__ad971689f75d6483292e17f2008ec787e">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__r0dc1e5ef413546ce9cbb31514e3216bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a2c4ec25cc59841049c44a6c7c4c1a8b2">funcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a1f40bfc634bc490ab77e4d7fcd5f1404">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a9c75445d2e17406b9b2e4d65c08f184d">Function name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__r6574fec8262d44b5953d382e39580602"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__aac6b785deb06417aab91a9e87e8ec231">calls</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__adbab912d10f34483bf56afa640d8dadf">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__aa137f76b6cd74b05bea03637febeacc8">Number of times this function has been called</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__rdb6194a443da4e2abb5e0b9a4f8766f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a3ba29486f1444346854509548801b5fc">total_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a9a6f99f86c1b4e0b8aeddbbda10590ba">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__af900a93c0fba492c9a83da8e41d15f30">Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__r5f2c7f8e65ed45309ab732c3e3fa2e2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a93feb619333548bf9d559136bae9d0ec">self_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__a8f03b383c70d492f942c8560393bc8ba">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974958__ad817d7faee084e54825e64408f0fa6b2">Total time spent in this function itself, excluding other functions called by it</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0773.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0773.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c66362f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0773.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ae735772abbc546e0a1760e308d44afc5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__b9551171012553">PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES</strong> displays the transaction status information of the user table in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__tb0f0ad8f159d49d4874f17458f54cef0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r32e4aa753a1545d8879cf624cf97eadc"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a84028ba5b22c4c2d83966b148c2c756a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a26f30eda14ff4d89af5d88fa0b6e9f22">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__afc08bb01a9c249afad001030e8346867">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__re080bc323e64423ea3f96a17baa26cd2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a5ea0625738a44206ac466e74d7738052">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a083eb66aeb2547dfb54982f976625b3c">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__af4c634d42d814684acfd588084e90744">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r79ec3822a0b04b6381ecc03058c824e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a746b4c2799f84f66acdc524c52fec999">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a61f0e7c897a44e0dbec56667415ac994">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__acaf596c6fb4848d0896e5a96641ba4cb">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r1d1967a4f3ff4d5cac334fc3156bab87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a36dfd77d9b7a43518499f4791bc56e7b">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ab366d9ce2e1041679104a085835d35e3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a94664250ad4349e0a9e5000a7d85f1be">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r8643dcb0b77b49d1ba621cd2563fb26a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a3fc51b9dc61c408793a15bb9a512d5d4">seq_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ae1870c5ed9ee48a083cfcc524c580f6e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__adfa8e7f98c9b4766b6c7a5548c86859a">Number of sequential scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r8e8efbf6902f40bfaf628f1b11347e2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a60cbc5ac256d478a9fd69955631961ac">seq_tup_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a679a35fc39f74766879442399fe00703">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a708cda76b16645f797e147f3ea6faa3d">Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r6ab43d13bfec498295eb6f1eebb42b5d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a435f4c2004b1488ba8406cd88df8dd1f">idx_scan</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a0ac5b9e2c39146c5939a1e056d281018">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a0f1f51cf6c8c48a9a8a173a77c04719d">Number of index scans started on the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__rb28c017069144e6bbebc1327487d24db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a3525dc10fa7642f0a659160cd7f00de0">idx_tup_fetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a751bedbc17c145a2921723a08921d87e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a45cc1b23c77f4aaa973b7935273275b6">Number of live rows fetched by index scans</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__re1ead8f8dc6b439f988147245a8ceb03"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__af2ecc92a06d94d249cfbc4518f7b9a93">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__add7576ff8f9d41769e859b8c82455e11">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__af8812a546d3d4ba4a361d991f24eed05">Number of rows inserted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__rac1e26c81f704f438676ab49e7eeec07"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__abe45d3e201a644bca7b274e1f0fd3c12">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ac37914f7ef644949a31653c5c4a9c6ed">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ad8b307e7662243fdb8ecd917afcb6f61">Number of rows updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__r7644dd98531249bc9020e751082809f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a1cb8f82f7f5f4be69daf27e13afd4882">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a3881320f56d4453aa579cd3540d3c53a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a0e0c2a1497684580b4e3d1623e649c51">Number of rows deleted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__ra134439ae7984d54933457e0a722390b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__aba54c23e7ccf4f4b9b84adef2dd12bf3">n_tup_hot_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a020f4777019345a9b8b9541b0941c319">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694631__a8edeade31d464cfeb7495a39fc14efd0">Number of rows HOT updated (that is, with no separate index update required)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0774.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0774.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a88cb864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0774.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a9740a3e36bb849ebaf8113280e811b97"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__b84235270614150">PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES</strong> contains each row of each index in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific index.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__td4198d3ac8fc4e7ba4bedfa0efa7609f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rc9b522ee01f640d592a99c554ee3b2ff"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a2e1669d674f24632b706fc9db21faf3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a7dc1e536648a49458183801621101657">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ad088209c29614e659354494131c959f8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__r6adacd9aba56406591cb7e308136508d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a79d071b75e2049299a9b9cd7b5704a17">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a6a32f4aa3bdf4c8bb01318c862f3118a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ad79bd368910a42aeadcf9c17d7f4d1e8">Table OID for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__r45f6cc2c057943c8badf6f3da137c276"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a5d9cc2920c1f4d91bf64946d1b8ea4fc">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a1668d5c697974c83bed23a49f9a11c10">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ac670d44abe0e48878bf3f1003a53f944">Index OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rd81adc24605e4827ad06de45a98725fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ad0abd63ca10943c783b44a4d1674f7d7">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a099d9e9767874cd38ac9026a39a0559f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a630438ef6fb34df1bdbd33b78c52396e">Schema name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rf06884b8815546eb8c2c7c5a9141d0cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a15bb302e0de5403baf243c891f79760e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a2495494de49b4e44bb3a156e96726c4e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a12db88a1b2be46d08b91750bd86194ed">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rfee58d0b14144746b24dd851e775281d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ac2d9e38d519243b4ba72cbaf6f056bcf">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a236aa577fc6a40e1aab1a7243d0b3287">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a7f4dfd41375e45e6a394b17cee25c8cf">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rc87478808e8e413dac8245f215d96617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a230e63c3f7a14cd2ba0770261935af22">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a47bb3893c8154cc38f4cd80608e29995">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a84aaea1aff5c49448dac9139d6252dbd">Number of disk blocks read from this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__rd2b12ca036f94d808d4f5349a9343593"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a0c5a5f20f9814fb1adb1bc2aada9495c">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__a60ea8528713e45dfa6f5979117eac85a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894885__ad917fe8c4b944109af0eae2cdc84066f">Number of buffer hits in this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0775.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0775.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c892a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0775.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a05df1455bfbb4917a4ab45bd0e3d17f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__b84235270615505">PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES</strong> contains each row of each sequence in the current database, showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific sequence.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__tf83ba1bddcff4c2a9b7a16e2e4ad441b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__ra13381a4ffc9426d8a823f3c930a88db"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__ac930808a0fc14a71ba541a8984313e0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a4d116e1a99f0470cba587062e379ecf5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__ac762c6b8bf6b4948a3ddfdd45eb04d33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__rcb1ce408d81d4569aff37971d0f812c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a37e9e562635b40888e8ea6730942fc9c">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__ae6c753a7d0664c89b181653e9777674f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__ae76708e57b3046ef98b3f2690c04d2b1">OID of this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__rb5a32848aad0484aa9dbd6b16a88b17d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a80df44ee4c3949ccb382d311410340a8">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a0644cdb270b349ceb0733ab44b1f8fbc">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a9578897352c84ce3bf1468e6be6c8ed2">Name of the schema this sequence is in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__r9571d25e79d84f03b7f42d98c421b81c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a26f81135bb544a7aa1ec0f3410bf7fc1">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a16ea155da6724c08ab805f5c68569dd8">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a0cf9703f5d554857ba9ab40f13faf721">Name of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__rbbbf946bcf524e32a02ea2187a03a647"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a9c7014cfb47148f49c2a045d0f24815a">blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a45bb642e518748f8ab6fda23fd3fc398">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a5943e2028ece4ceba28b0cbf5cd73ccb">Number of disk blocks read from this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__raf27127e52be43cb85b200765dc20a16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__afa95635898214a15bfec925f64edc9e7">blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a6803745c5ef04b2e9891e27712aa0d50">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814976__a9d5b1c1c1c634bf890597ab04ecf1d75">Number of buffer hits in this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0776.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0776.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07079c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0776.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__en-us_topic_0059778203_p192501721359"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__b842352706151631">PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES</strong> contains one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing I/O statistics about accesses to that specific table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__tc07558432c034414bfb7826640efc480" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__rcb4339f2dff046f6ba76f497580d1666"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a98c30754b95947f8bd60089be8c8d316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a1bfcb627120a425299942491830037f0">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a454a6198a452476daed3ad1caa4ae371">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r71d42d4d07bd48af8d53c0aeb482906e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__abbdf501d63614273b53f34802d7dd8c9">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ad8970dfc165b450da5c959f7aa83df90">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__abdeb13bb65b14f6db2198b0fdeb689d1">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__rac6ea18d8f094576a9c7e1384e68483c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ae40796e3472d468dbf171affacac3f38">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a142310b4d06a4b739a94113bbea56cb1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a7643b17720944a569008faab2db0ac61">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r40ac638f60cf42c7b4131df05fe7ed19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a5ee9b451696c4a1b9668753f44357bde">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a3a292b2a03bf4ab5906fe6f9f10a1b7a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a7a89f863d2e34da2b966730ad8479f04">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r6c12fdc68af84b92bea2323f02e4e667"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__aa91c04a2b5e043f5a7fb8878fe68788e">heap_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__afe64c497ed2840b4808041f59f92924b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a8aae51afdb8047bfb0d7206c610aab00">Number of disk blocks read from this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r500075d75c134deaa1da9002a7d133d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__abb9c0bab645c48b2b17a98747b7cd571">heap_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a21b7e7a977694b8cb71cea63d833d8ee">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a5ae606e3f3a94d18a14bc205ac920503">Number of buffer hits in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r161b931aed914b3083cb9323c9bdd195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ac89d8337cde946098991b69785884fb2">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a4ce913ef65364665843d60943c128cc0">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a42dcd675cc804e38b29249b5ee494a1f">Number of disk blocks read from the index in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r7cfaaa75443b4006b7612c05cae242ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a8448ae0dba7a4b70bc38cb9c5fdd5d82">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a372d9b71feb048239942862bdcee0b23">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ae56b9e653c334999bd5bc749770273b5">Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__rb0041e89d92a424a8b3e738bb5741fdd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__affba496513674dc39c91edf9cacfba43">toast_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a788d00a5e161425eba6e644ea757470a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a1547df08c45c4b478670d0642689eceb">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r3d3a1fcc8ff14df0bb4eb803977b1dfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a7b17496564914a82acbcdfa7a47463f5">toast_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a5896d69a46c14c28a0acc5031a5b97c5">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a5c99e07ccb5749959e88bce40f32ef12">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__r80d7a309a02b45299ce8e7a263c0a01e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ad239559b3ae047bfae1a95829fa8be38">tidx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a60da90b15d4448aeb7a20479eb5cc9dc">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__ae6e8ea3f075643a9810c84e2ee88115c">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__rbe4ba02f001644708545fbb2e67db2d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a9f5fe1ca511648469e6ead9dcd8a04c8">tidx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a3173b082f432493487fad488e562d2ab">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494673__a6f6336ad42c1438395dfcaae8164b844">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0777.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0777.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..082f6593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0777.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a14625c1fe06b4c889516a226e7f16437"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__b47809181317">PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all system catalog indexes in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__t8bc487b614ab4b5fb7667fe69be7ce9a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r0728fd22c8174f4b932bd279f98688f2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a63fc38775bf948dd9778fb34e89f08ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__aeaaa211be75c40e6a812d432b9c85c5d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a0d1bd3970cf6447d900e68d8c9dbebf0">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r7acf6c184dc54dcca3f7ea1cc6c048e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__aa184cb9521524b4eab80dbeecb828268">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__aed9928d11cf4423596b719c3b137fdb0">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__ae9cb8962b2134a5db73d98ec17863aed">Table OID for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r9e96ee5e9f23457fbb41da2c4c3285d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a8943d16550ff439e85e03532cdf91ea7">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a18df2281d9ab45b699a7067b6f4f0d29">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a4d152224c2234b2797b583bffd2c5d9f">Index OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r200ce4b9d60e4085bd81a2d7e616ab29"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a1485705c9f2f4b0bb4dad5016f9ef40f">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__abd3c9fa975cf4e64ba9c0feb294e0d06">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__ab93a67ca2b464d849fd6749224d68d0c">Schema name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r306ecee864ef4ea3b7b7b872cb4b90e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a5d5db7fc379641168d6dcb002090d4b3">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a406776f467bb468291ffd4890476938d">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a3ec368d0e4e14d51a2c9415a2ada2a58">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__rcd06ac36dab241f9b6c31738b1d4e5d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__aa9fb4c2055ef45a5af98c5883e678974">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a2ee1938a4923486a922f73ff7e1007e7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a53e568c7ead14939ad9bb2bf30b92fa4">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r4c4481f0d0bf453fb6eb851d2a7c4dbf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a6325d9cbbc6a43fd91f5dc6fbe690f1c">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__ad1901d1ec91c4621a659e32c758557e3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a15aae7a3c40840068d04a5d765a788a1">Number of disk blocks read from this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__r653d613c298842779c8d81e92a11dc99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a31e84fd57723471daf1c29ed648eebeb">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__ad2abbc526de54eb8b9ab963a99383fbe">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814749__a416ab517c84e499cbd40e11955374f24">Number of buffer hits in this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0778.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0778.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3655a95c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0778.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__en-us_topic_0059779192_p778116279511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__b842352706162555">PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all the system sequences in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__td117b9dd1f3c4cba891d581f6de1ff98" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__rf9af65dbaa4b4d218793977dd973f78a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a28827b22269a4cd5b9076027d0741e32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a9892f1056b2c42b9a257b19648d4dec7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__af7d35ea07d444c99b55b600fdee35f17">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__r329decd4fe5d4e10bb9e1c24a521beaa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a63e1ca04fec446c9af192f5dee789760">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__abe1581d0e3bb432ba9493d2b26c4181a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a2e65fb8d72cb44e1a50db68b6cbf5570">OID of this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__r4f2755776cdb425f9be95653c4f72945"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a3aa24d4ff0e847c8be9bce26fd0556fc">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__ac7ef509e220b4dcf97c14ab437e149f4">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__aa261f9b1d5a64e85a0016d6c8075afb9">Name of the schema this sequence is in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__r8a11328fb6bb44c8b781ca53c79681bb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__adabb85362b1c4c1381cc2f6d46a2c91c">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a4ac388db2335424ea0e7ee8891c93edf">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a494d7ff3c277472899aeccf93adf77c4">Name of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__rf0d9ed8f140c4cf6916dfebb69a99c21"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a51b0baac502e443999b8e9d0bf3a4f79">blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__ab2cb4ac863c9411ba01278f57d456b7c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a0781630947f2419999f2a63669ce9016">Number of disk blocks read from this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__r58db1c29cf4640cb8c4a9829b41dd32d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a1c4f431f768748cbb549351287db0ba4">blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__adf02c24af9474301ba2577a0d5ed8b16">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814546__a9d5b1c1c1c634bf890597ab04ecf1d75">Number of buffer hits in this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0779.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0779.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9806a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0779.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__en-us_topic_0059777862_p117516325519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__b10263198673">PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all the system catalogs in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__t010e81ad5ac240e293232b96b5217cd4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r39696f17a04f44e6908aad4cdfe08a52"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a320942bec7a24980af5515110bdd9c13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aa421ee49ffca4c859565bb49e861afe4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a7d24a3ec0cac46308402dca137b8a2a3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__rfcbeeb917ef1441c8c7327418281ce8f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a53d1b87b8ef14374b221063c78fdb151">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aa9951a97910b452a8f4c41cbb4061885">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a0e09b21c0fe042dabbb77d49d60dba5c">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__re839dea4a6174d16bd44f8e2ede2a0fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a533bc15fb6434de1bc823d31d8b19f13">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aa484679571a54f1e828d492b09df9f52">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aa6e039ad768740c7ab780e0e7ddb9592">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r6e2aa96d82e64607a0a08b43347b3758"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aafbca56af82a49a68bb5b6a1a1f7b00e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__ad69844d4e5244204a87862ad45e83a22">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a17cf50f1d8cb4faa9bbca4dae9fb9cf4">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__rf6ca6ca676474dc5a20b96b0d526edde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a42c2c61f549242fa8ccd75a11a9bb077">heap_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a21224c31396548ed8ab95e84bb3d903e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a51b020361c164609a2dc7d3242cce739">Number of disk blocks read from this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__rad1f0e7e031c45f79925a8f71bc7c7a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a4a64dbc795894f62bdcd658e876b5e2d">heap_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a10f6436e17ce4ec19b2fd8164fcda8a3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__ad0892cf384714e68a8f74e32395b6e8c">Number of buffer hits in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r7d86c93d324d47728384ae55c7902bc5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a3f569e6326f34acbaa63897dd3370eff">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a0af29a1bb0f045dfab0b64133d03dc96">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a7139bdc4c29541e6982c8eb0da02e16e">Number of disk blocks read from all indexes in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r00c4600a762a4520b5c694c805a92124"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__ae0a968f6b6fb4971a56bcd1c3bfe7ad9">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__ac4f2046abadb45b1ac02003bc43960ce">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a2ed895cc0baf46e09697b12cbf5f0278">Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r839094b99b67425ebb53c3a74486a9c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a672ec6289eb0429cb918602531e7770f">toast_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aeb03bb5420c54212a7543c352ed7c8cb">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__af4b2b09075cf4359af294bd4fef74d00">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r88d184b357af4721912e074f5c5347df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__af03db379856644c0bc92d0b3d46b090b">toast_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a0b5141ac7b1345ff9ae1baadc3c69abd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a236d204ba13040458a04771705d13088">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r10541c75ebe247d2bc6a7d7811ba7453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a22bad1730168459b963b31cd064e5f44">tidx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__af1916da8b7314d328614b730b0317a19">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__ad39a88e29a634102880906df171a2bfd">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__r2c07f9e57a684fa381d8938e877c3210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a31dd81dbecaa47c09d2a3d8052ca3b50">tidx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__a38c187c1010a42568a37dfbdb92f2764">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.059999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814568__aed0012ad57074e308f4d0d86c3243881">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0780.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0780.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9fba8d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0780.html
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__en-us_topic_0059778710_p25261535655"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__b842352706162555">PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all the user relationship table indexes in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__t1d36b4c8d8b146178a00c984ca551156" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r978657f0a4cd4d979fc70f3ba5ebf5de"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a074232c88ada4575952cd8054e39525d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__adee03cb2553e4588a95b8512f25c4be7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a237c2e3a497240368d3042b805014734">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r169a6affbf2f4c018938986cb3e48286"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a036347f8a0f046a79be939b452256828">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__ad967185f1fb44f8cb99708b811aeedbf">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a59cc3d7e2da74c2dad6ef867d5f6e4a0">Table OID for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r6342aa8342de4226ad4cf634fb7b29d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a681cff5202a441fbb477f0fbe2983af1">indexrelid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a005ab02ecb224838b3cc495c04970727">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a3945b7bb04f744b0b73bfc85bc2cbf63">Index OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r1c1d287eea7841e797b3b76aba7447d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a3831eea5b3de4547b6db431b19df785f">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__adb8e4ac4a1d84f20995ec84cbdcd3e9e">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a93490639037e44c4a5236b25f032a742">Schema name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r18418f2867724c3e961465f2c2a4dcf1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a11a3594ca7a044f38caed1d07305791b">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a069dc69dc4a746a49af62452809f7dec">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a2ca6019d7f9544369bcd94afa85d3913">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r74a4d9a89fe5459b951102d690f67edc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a86307789a5f94219b7adc0acaf8ebf2e">indexrelname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a850060ba897440719051f58a076ff49c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a3675b73976ec4b018e691541ac16280b">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__rdcc28f974235426195da0199e880e7a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a93befd30f53c4f8a8af3f60dd2222e18">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__aaa80f818c20943b9b6a970dd4feb65b1">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__ae608318065294502a24dea14756ea86f">Number of disk blocks read from this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__r820a32a4153841309505ecf4e305de69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__a569d38c7b64645c3a9acaed2643a1189">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.03%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__acaa0caa30b9c43a69bdaba38bcd7b047">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.12%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__af479ae2c46794c2b957c0132e351d05a">Number of buffer hits in this index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894659__p340844201018"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0781.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0781.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f90087b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0781.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__en-us_topic_0059777773_p131421039256"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__b842352706162555">PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all the user relation table sequences in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__tbdda9bf23eb6480ebb6e204685babe3e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r338a4bdfd0e9411490d3001eb75280a6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__abc51ce9b354942e7973aafcc7856fab7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a59dbc57bddf24a468b05f8a8e79b0928">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a48650c99dc54455abdf580c4d828cdbc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r93f6342a8b314c3392eb889f669ead70"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a78fdeda2f8ed417d9d17f3f5af4bdddb">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a3d28d533f99a48d5bdee0ce64a245f97">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a4b8d230c22244efa8a197234a8c3f022">OID of this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r5178a439244443aa8f7b0cf2655ff0e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__ae765d869a37a4c8898fd5975befa12cd">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__aaab1d6506b2a4719a9f743088024f2fd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a94e78a55e0084499b557f9c3084546d2">Name of the schema this sequence is in </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r8983caed4c7b43dabd722b21175312f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__ae4bf793753f046c8884b2820cfa3d03e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a4700b53cf0904e889244ca8f3c059aa5">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a67aa4ef55e3c414d85260ab8e005a9cf">Name of this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r071104fb98794b22bef8ce999edd9645"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__afb5aba0c26de43048aeb3b061a625e4f">blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a2523ca6361d34403906c518100196062">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a8ee727a241d1437cbe64885fbd4b114f">Number of disk blocks read from this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__r5e9708d3c818465193ef6cc53f7dd189"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a8384da9eebab4c7cbb35cd0caedd8692">blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a1aab82bd26084306b741e7a89130ea6b">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814916__a2499e8328c494b5bad3aa721a2bab328">Number of cache hits in this sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0782.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0782.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be7843c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0782.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__en-us_topic_0059778777_p14906421054"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__b842352706162555">PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES</strong> displays the I/O status information about all the user relation tables in the namespace.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__taa71952db26b4c54a309a8eb1b3d3d8b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ra7527cb6c9df4c1a83114e113d71c127"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a93e5d875e53e483c939092c91cab0ac5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a0a9a3a29e836481e9dff89a86e42474f">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ae3d704b85d7546339c9c8c3621be65e3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r1135d7f868a94dac8c57d57b34937e4d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a20cd84f69e9542cd95abd2b74ed5da60">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab31a992851334de98e6d422dfe3b3895">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__afb4a1a9365f8472a8b752a3763ada658">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r0e3fd539577b4deb844c8e9a9931d31d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__af3f6783e7bbe4a188dcce1e1d16a8d1a">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a294aa0e7c1d04267987b135bb2bcc9d7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__afeb2ac4f5b244e8db73becb66aa6eff5">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r2fad2ef9c5004db7a493f282127d8247"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab5fc5ecf166942f483703280d6722b5e">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ad544e3daf60d4dcf87cb3255fd5a1b43">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ad008419c8ab541ffa8e52d7b6437f848">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r7bf842b2f14c4a29a5aab9a954fc5942"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a2952e6326ba84c56a60f42b21badf57f">heap_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a13edb3b45c9546569643a480260e4b56">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ad5a7df21bf0b4284b419851975ab50b1">Number of disk blocks read from this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r7f55efa300c34ff5b43d84c4f10cdde7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a5066f2427b964f3e971dbc8225cdbd89">heap_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__af1c3b5216a664627a36289108e1a70dd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a9d770bc0006f49239ec3b451f797cc4f">Number of buffer hits in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__re457dd256867456e8244c69c56cc8e7d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab2513334632444fea90535d3fad0cf7d">idx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a8d6adda5cafc460880f7ef6ba4c73e2d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__aab41b386a8814c659d9b9c818dd37731">Number of disk blocks read from the index in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ra8247bb8ae1a4e51a1b54453d4707b21"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a1306b5db68104e9ea705ee68d53b248d">idx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__aa2deefa954534a36a23e2e9d61663b22">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a60f987bcc8674610aac2b553a143e7d5">Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r480f8b9f63ed4d8c9c438868f65896bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ac29856e11b9542bcb740d20fbec77995">toast_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a87dfdc3feebb460cb70b92aa8b15049f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a5877dcca67004aacb86b637ff6ff046f">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r164198eb2ad74a4cbe9121d7f5865910"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a781be8d4476746c9947f50a820ef02ab">toast_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a1bf2d16bf36a44d9bbddb01e53e7ab9d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a5e576da0267440deb7501f0e5f0c89b5">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r6f121713690f4c83be2be62fe9e0cd13"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab2770dc8ba364515bb82a68f9f0a6e5e">tidx_blks_read</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab100e42c15654b40bd2dc462ee60f591">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ab66f0ef50dcd4676841f519b9961b2bb">Number of disk blocks read from the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__r56be1a3d61a64b8eac06052bf63728f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ad6bd585b39534f7c9bd29359f46d9f26">tidx_blks_hit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.45%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__a62671af88aa14682bd15a94a51d92608">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.58%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135032__ae32bec71c14746d0a29900f579db833e">Number of buffer hits in the TOAST table index (if any) in this table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a5554757c1a0a4e138ece1127f70a2afd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b842352706105440">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> allows you to test the block waiting status about the backend thread and auxiliary thread of the current instance.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__tc1eb0361455748848cddf86faf056065" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r4eef275030cb48b2941135b4c1992fd2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a5186495845b64861ac7e2732178353b5">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a7c2e585e6fb64960abcf653ae265e793">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__afae64c14a4914bc786e851993ed7b5c6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r272bd8fe0de24ebabc6ccaf0fa7c3172"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a5313b111dbb04081b26c089e60d73b4e">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__abc5f3937999b46769bc9e2cfc94f0930">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ac1313e24915e4e2ca9148466a239b781">Current node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r321baea93cd14a4b91cad5702599f3b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ab2456725fdc048a3833009c7a36110f0">db_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a1bd1b741d70648a6b856849be816c3bd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3029cbb1a3c54df8a7ff981e29ee5c9e">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r995c106cd6384b10a82e2bb5c3419cc4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a534622117f1c490db6043ea1938b086b">thread_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ad52371acffed4cb285a3244051e258d8">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__add8e4c6d405b4020a8d965b3c07bcb89">Thread name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__reb3a90d1c2aa45168992ebf024359857"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a6fa96fdb4d2f47eb8d20c1da73018b3d">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__af653d3f9df03467c867d4d7b1abbca93">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3630fdc18f9640e0a8e9b1873b268756">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b842352706144235">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r5f6021bbe0914f7fa61662632397d9ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__aaa9a2e2bd19148028ef0f185231059f9">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a7d5ac290f8a941ba8a45b833e06e2d57">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a31aca088fb914d06a4bc51a499f010f8">Thread ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rb06d7687432f4858b5bb8f64b45bd9b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__afbb6c83914b743498b7db95d4d5ed793">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__afa678ca850d7479690fc1d4dcef7cb25">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ace8324c86bf34aaaaaf202d3b2f15616">Lightweight thread ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rf0a9a6a7de174f998f484962943b88d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a297d91839dee452ea7d0df64492544f0">ptid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a6c5e107fb211484bbd1730d482e5e1de">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a18574b6a07ab44df9b55066e70c8d6db">Parent thread of the streaming thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ra6aa1f8e0c3540f6a52d906f44326a2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__adc6d625a053645daab7bce16f9eddcc7">tlevel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3299ed2dd0164f778663486036193bba">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__abd7c683559004959824a0491862c8630">Level of the streaming thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r425ff9d1799045dc8f3187396243246d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3fce0e14848549888d134e8875172731">smpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ad5cc9d712bad46b3bc2d1aff83c6d1ed">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ad2f01d133f54487086f57a385e439f26">Concurrent thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r40439ac3a24745428adf41d43bc1589e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ad10342389b5c45999f1ad13abffbf6d0">wait_status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__aefbf6d4871d943b39a4e0901362d1b8e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a7e1d75edcf09483191de0ef96aa326ce">Waiting status of the current thread. For details about the waiting status, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__t2e88141821ac42158405ff5eea1d7285">Table 2</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row10717192619111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.040000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p771742617112">wait_event</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p17191626718">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p971918266112">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b13600138154111">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b335031715411">acquire lock</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b13553101917415">acquire lwlock</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b16724152184115">wait io</strong>, this column describes the lock, lightweight lock, and I/O information, respectively. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b10990656134118">wait_status</strong> is not any of the three values, this column is empty.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a2557f82ffc1b4f898250b35660b3e7de">The waiting statuses in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b842352706153657">wait_status</strong> column are as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__t2e88141821ac42158405ff5eea1d7285"></a><a name="t2e88141821ac42158405ff5eea1d7285"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__t2e88141821ac42158405ff5eea1d7285" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Waiting status list</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r93323c5804d74a69961ffd52197b33bb"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a2e2a9b6683604560b08eaecb36dee33a">Value </p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a88c9abc490414015827584e4cad779b4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r94bf6d89774d40048b45ca1ff79400f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__afa0f5c40d96340978814119421d21c7e">none</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a30d555da54e44cfa9670495e0813baca">Waiting for no event</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__re0563580df9d487aa40f05fe5a218b15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a707f25e454254ef796af9fc52a356a28">acquire lock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a0a401f41f8f544f8afaf028e3bd841e8">Waiting for locking until the locking succeeds or times out</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1528317111316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p20283711135">acquire lwlock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p828318115314">Waiting for a lightweight lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row108721517183113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p168726179319">wait io</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1287381703115">Waiting for I/O completion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r1093b877606f421dac4419b58f57f2f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a41c0511df78b47529ea3dd0d45ed98f6">wait cmd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a9d68be50c5c74d1fb09ea25487dd8e2c">Waiting for network communication packet read to complete</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r174aeed51889471db15e570485a0346c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ae70135d065f94575b94b3050232283b3">wait pooler get conn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a957e7279a8de4d88b70a48e58727e4bd">Waiting for pooler to obtain the connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__re03eaa4d416646fab5abacff71c9231d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a00dd880ee3c1442785bd704b0e71840a">wait pooler abort conn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a48a83a2a3c314d1d9b647688c881a5ce">Waiting for pooler to terminate the connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rb25a2d3fdc864c7c880d0c78458dabeb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a48ee5b6b658b455aa80266f2ecd57c71">wait pooler clean conn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a4a05fc296557482baf5403ba862f97ce">Waiting for pooler to clear connections</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row19272759112010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p92736598202">pooler create conn: [nodename], total N</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2027355952016">Waiting for the pooler to set up a connection. The connection is being established with the node specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i161261041163510">nodename</em>, and there are <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i11127541133511">N</em> connections waiting to be set up.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r5abcd9fcc3764afabe13780b2b6dd307"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a55ec981567374e6689c9ec9aace327c7">get conn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a40cd96036b9e4c13b7ab8723fa65fb7e">Obtaining the connection to other nodes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r1a28e1f8b8e04148875e8e4392ed349e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a0c31a3939a6c48cbaf397aa8fa843443">set cmd: [nodename]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__aa31a76ca9bf1444dadd81b7499e0cd18">Waiting for running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1014211585350">SET</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b18143205816351">RESET</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1914465823518">TRANSACTION BLOCK LEVEL PARA SET</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b4145658193512">SESSION LEVEL PARA SET</strong> statement on the connection. The statement is being executed on the node specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i31541658173518">nodename</em>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r269155058e4f40ebaa7bff800cd70482"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a83e0dd567f6e4d069e2910a5c1a165ac">cancel query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a03ec630a89dd4f7398cac313b27ca36d">Canceling the SQL statement that is being executed through the connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ra8f0725eab644b64a6163f8d85c02996"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ac4d44244dfe045cc9fc2268a08f70feb">stop query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__abb7e1edc88f349b9a579e3a5574544f7">Stopping the query that is being executed through the connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r0f83de5156984dfbb5ce8bf57ad326ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3412d9b2b7ea4ccab869ad13fec1f2ea">wait node: [nodename](plevel), total N, [phase]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p577573613228">Waiting for receiving the data from a connected node. The thread is waiting for the data from the plevel thread of the node specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i76014329375">nodename</em>. The data of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i360203283719">N</em> connections is waiting to be returned. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i9302165083711">phase</em> is included, the possible phases are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ul21682503315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li151691850123119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1176915613716">begin</strong>: The transaction is being started.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li20891121213325"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b145392588376">commit</strong>: The transaction is being committed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li427636103219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b16667125919372">rollback</strong>: The transaction is being rolled back.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r8e6b7e13ea364deea50031494b6ac1eb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a86722d696a3d4976b1a757bea4455a19">wait transaction sync: xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a76b7bd991c6f4226b38c56ec5031988f">Waiting for synchronizing the transaction specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i11141141673817">xid</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r1d85424b0f434461baf464c80677d5d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a64abec6bae7b48bb872cce48546f0cb8">wait wal sync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a2396da2f55c6463f98d0d96cfe03042c">Waiting for the completion of wal log of synchronization from the specified LSN to the standby instance</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rcdb6b5051f344fb69767f65b0d04b26a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a379c8c61c41543e9861897b5f8204228">wait data sync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a49d2fd73b590495fa1ec787f1ccd9997">Waiting for the completion of data page synchronization to the standby instance</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r09f272615ee64bb18a9276f4017a2007"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a194727cd888a48d3a8a08780910515e2">wait data sync queue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a4bb07e3b31e04626bc339424bee01ceb">Waiting for putting the data pages that are in the row storage or the CU in the column storage into the synchronization queue</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rffdcd5e70fcf4730bf8bc1d8deb80b40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ac9bcf9bc92c84571848e15705c51dc66">flush data: [nodename](plevel), [phase]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__af042f5d754c24ae8819d02f0b1b25255">Waiting for sending data to the plevel thread of the node specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i33067416384">nodename</em>. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i9253545173820">phase</em> is included, the possible phase is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1925494513817">wait quota</strong>, indicating that the current communication flow is waiting for the quota value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ra9d39e9c904b42018337991e91d59c3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__aa1fe6644b2774e62b579775f05db9944">stream get conn: [nodename], total N</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a5b91354ff79f4e0eaaba4943e2a22562">Waiting for connecting to the consumer object of the node specified by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i243715315381">nodename</em> when the stream flow is initialized. There are <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i64388531380">N</em> consumers waiting to be connected.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r9ef4de702bd84c928f0c9f61a3562f5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__adf0ca8c8163149bc8ad7c9eeef7da961">wait producer ready: [nodename](plevel), total N</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__a3b0c34c65cec40d5917de866ca319197">Waiting for each producer to be ready when the stream flow is initialized. The thread is waiting for the procedure of the plevel thread on the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i46656453918">nodename</em> node to be ready. There are <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i66665403913">N</em> producers waiting to be ready.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__r7c19ddff43224301b1142f79a9817a5b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ab6387a74cdc54e0e830e248bcecc7b6b">synchronize quit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__acb2574b30e7e48d59d98686340505649">Waiting for the threads in the stream thread group to quit when the steam plan ends</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__rb18bd539b2a74618ab99637e1e2cab99"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ad918d5fd48d94ecf9a6d11fc9ac1e40a">nodegroup destroy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__af4931c58e1854bdd935646b2e73f3634">Waiting for destroying the stream node group when the steam plan ends</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row14767655113316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p137674550338">wait active statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1176715558335">Waiting for job execution under resource and load control.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1370934220377"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19710144216373">wait global queue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p20710144216376">Waiting for job execution. The job is queuing in the global queue.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row13491656153616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p94911456173611">wait respool queue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p54911256113618">Waiting for job execution. The job is queuing in the resource pool.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row12554161203812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p755481113817">wait ccn queue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1755491103810">Waiting for job execution. The job is queuing on the central coordinator node (CCN).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row183383224266"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18339152252617">gtm connect</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1433952217261">Waiting for connecting to GTM.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1698142682617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p269913262265">gtm get gxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1369992614265">Wait for obtaining xids from GTM.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row15998154710261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1099964722615">gtm get snapshot</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1999914471265">Wait for obtaining transaction snapshots from GTM.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row499954782611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p15999747102612">gtm begin trans</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p139997476264">Waiting for GTM to start a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1751165317264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1151115312610">gtm commit trans</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p20521353112613">Waiting for GTM to commit a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1752135382610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p95245392618">gtm rollback trans</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p85285315262">Waiting for GTM to roll back a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row19789111711275"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p12790141742712">gtm create sequence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11790417192714">Waiting for GTM to create a sequence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row279041782719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1379041713279">gtm alter sequence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5790917182719">Waiting for GTM to modify a sequence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row879081772712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1979171762715">gtm get sequence val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1279131720276">Waiting for obtaining the next value of a sequence from GTM.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row18791171711278"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1179115173276">gtm set sequence val</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9791917162712">Waiting for GTM to set a sequence value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row9791617182718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p37917176273">gtm drop sequence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7791417202716">Waiting for GTM to delete a sequence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row9791191714271"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p177921178270">gtm rename sequece</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18792617112712">Waiting for GTM to rename a sequence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row19650172892719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1865082892710">analyze: [relname], [phase]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2065072872717">The thread is doing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b19416217124012">ANALYZE</strong> to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i241841713402">relname</em> table. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i4905132304014">phase</em> is included, the possible phase is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b17906122314408">autovacuum</strong>, indicating that the database automatically enables the AutoVacuum thread to execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b390762334016">ANALYZE</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row13650172842711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p165012816279">vacuum: [relname], [phase]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10650132810279">The thread is doing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b137872037184019">VACUUM</strong> to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i6788163712401">relname</em> table. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i166219402405">phase</em> is included, the possible phase is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b166315404403">autovacuum</strong>, indicating that the database automatically enables the AutoVacuum thread to execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b186641409405">VACUUM</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8650828162716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p26501328142718">vacuum full: [relname]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19651102882715">The thread is doing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b4815174764020">VACUUM FULL</strong> to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__i188177477403">relname</em> table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11651828112718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p186511828192716">create index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p26511328192717">An index is being created.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row10651028172712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16651162872712">HashJoin - [ build hash | write file ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p146511528162711">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b98641566409">HashJoin</strong> operator is being executed. In this phase, you need to pay attention to the execution time-consuming.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ul10627844133118"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li11627444123110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b0334451413">build hash</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1335125204119">HashJoin</strong> operator is creating a hash table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li22124773114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b5764171517417">write file</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b18766151534113">HashJoin</strong> operator is writing data to disks.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row565102819272"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1651142818270">HashAgg - [ build hash | write file ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p165102818277">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1359571784119">HashAgg</strong> operator is being executed. In this phase, you need to pay attention to the execution time-consuming.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ul152447611329"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li112445663211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b74820276416">build hash</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b15484182744113">HashAgg</strong> operator is creating a hash table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li856351223213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b66373299419">write file</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b363842994116">HashAgg</strong> operator is writing data to disks.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row186511028192718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1465252814278">HashSetop - [build hash | write file ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16652192872711">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b819483124114">HashSetop</strong> operator is being executed. In this phase, you need to pay attention to the execution time-consuming.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__ul5196135473214"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li619617548328"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b34219354419">build hash</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b19423173514111">HashSetop</strong> operator is creating a hash table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__li1218517563324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b74343824115">write file</strong>: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1644133818413">HashSetop</strong> operator is writing data to disks.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1865282815271"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16522280274">Sort | Sort - write file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19652182882719">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1292411394419">Sort</strong> operator is being executed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b19261239184113">write file</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b492863904112">Sort</strong> operator is writing data to disks.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1865242818275"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1965218287273">Material | Material - write file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16652112842710">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b888584644116">Material</strong> operator is being executed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b3888184614116">write file</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b198901946124115">Material</strong> operator is writing data to disks.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row111714825411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p31898145413">wait sync consumer next step</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9187895419">The consumer (receive end) synchronously waits for the next iteration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1086718149559"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.419999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p188671714195518">wait sync producer next step</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.58%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p186711414559">The producer (transmit end) synchronously waits for the next iteration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p17289333181513">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b17336102501314">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b8866162616135">acquire lwlock</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b18724229151314">acquire lock</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b269415319133">wait io</strong>, there is an event performing I/O operations or waiting for obtaining the corresponding lightweight lock or transaction lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p198221729143117">The following table describes the corresponding wait events when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b8446113918459">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1445104211453">acquire lwlock</strong>. (If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b39001813124617">wait_event</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b866541534610">extension</strong>, the lightweight lock is dynamically allocated and is not monitored.)</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__table69691424165713" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>List of wait events corresponding to lightweight locks</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row2969202485714"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p0094712340">wait_event</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p120747143414">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row9969224185715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18785134210012">ShmemIndexLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p127852429012">Used to protect the primary index table, a hash table, in shared memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row10970172418579"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p15785204215014">OidGenLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p177859421406">Used to prevent different threads from generating the same OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row99701824165713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2786144212014">XidGenLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19786114210010">Used to prevent two transactions from obtaining the same XID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row69702240572"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p07861421803">ProcArrayLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2786194219018">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on the ProcArray shared array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1495681518590"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p187872421004">SInvalReadLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p778724218012">Used to prevent concurrent execution with invalid message deletion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1195820151591"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p13787342102">SInvalWriteLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p678711424018">Used to prevent concurrent execution with invalid message write and deletion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1795841545911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1278884219012">WALInsertLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3788242707">Used to prevent concurrent execution with WAL insertion</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row16959171515914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18788124214016">WALWriteLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1078813421707">Used to prevent concurrent write from a WAL buffer to a disk</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row264912312593"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p87883426017">ControlFileLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p197891342003">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1377241113213">pg_control</strong> file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row965072313594"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9789142601">CheckpointLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p97891427015">Used to prevent multi-checkpoint concurrent execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row4692128115919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p47890421301">CLogControlLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1379094219016">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on the Clog control data structure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row769318283592"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p197904427019">MultiXactGenLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7791842507">Used to allocate a unique MultiXact ID in serial mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row4694152816591"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p57912420017">MultiXactOffsetControlLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p6791442702">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b284154614418">pg_multixact/offset</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11694152819593"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1479184211012">MultiXactMemberControlLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p479124219013">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b117471149114419">pg_multixact/members</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row669462817599"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p37917421402">RelCacheInitLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p779217421104">Used to add a lock before any operations are performed on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b19128101111112">init</strong> file when messages are invalid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row13695122845912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8792124215018">CheckpointerCommLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p679294210018">Used to send file flush requests to a checkpointer. The request structure needs to be inserted to a request queue in serial mode.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row96956281594"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10792242906">TwoPhaseStateLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p197921942405">Used to prevent concurrent access to or modification on two-phase information sharing arrays</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row136951428175911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p57921421708">TablespaceCreateLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p147925420019">Used to check whether a tablespace already exists</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row14696172825918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p15793742205">BtreeVacuumLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p679317424011">Used to prevent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b18540153513330">VACUUM</strong> from clearing pages that are being used by B-tree indexes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row175461537145911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p187937425012">AutovacuumLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p37931042309">Used to access the autovacuum worker array in serial mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row85461437145915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p137931425010">AutovacuumScheduleLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p127934422010">Used to distribute tables requiring <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b15917114515143">VACUUM</strong> in serial mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row354733755911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p37945421905">SyncScanLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1794114213017">Used to determine the start position of a relfilenode during heap scanning</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row195479376598"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p879424215011">NodeTableLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p157954421606">Used to protect a shared structure that stores CN and DN information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row175471037115913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1879514213013">PoolerLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1879515429015">Used to prevent two threads from simultaneously obtaining the same connection from a connection pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row35482037185919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1679518423015">RelationMappingLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1279584211010">Used to wait for the mapping file between system catalogs and storage locations to be updated</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row55488379593"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1779534212012">AsyncCtlLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p07954428010">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on the sharing notification status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row6548163712592"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p77962424012">AsyncQueueLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p779612423012">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on the sharing notification queue</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1754916376598"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p57961542105">SerializableXactHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3796742908">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on a sharing structure for serializable transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row15549113715915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p279610421606">SerializableFinishedListLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7796114216016">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on a shared linked list for completed serial transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row2549153710592"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11797134210017">SerializablePredicateLockListLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p197978421703">Used to protect a linked list of serializable transactions that have locks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row85501037165912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p779774210012">OldSerXidLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5797184218016">Used to protect a structure that records serializable transactions that have conflicts</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row255010377591"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1879711421804">FileStatLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p137976424018">Used to protect a data structure that stores statistics file information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8550163720595"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p147981942909">SyncRepLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p147988421607">Used to protect Xlog synchronization information during primary-standby replication</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1655020378590"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p177983421909">DataSyncRepLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p479816426013">Used to protect data page synchronization information during primary-standby replication</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row14551437115917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8798144211010">CStoreColspaceCacheLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16798442308">Used to add a lock when CU space is allocated for a column-store table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1855103717598"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2798184217010">CStoreCUCacheSweepLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p13799124220010">Used to add a lock when CU caches used by a column-store table are cyclically washed out</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row455183710597"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p07994425013">MetaCacheSweepLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p279914219018">Used to add a lock when metadata is cyclically washed out</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11551193717598"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p177999421808">DfsConnectorCacheLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1079920423012">Used to protect a global hash table where HDFS connection handles are cached</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row114191650185911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1799442902">dummyServerInfoCacheLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p780019420014">Used to protect a global hash table where the information about computing Node Group connections is cached</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row642035025915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p280018421407">ExtensionConnectorLibLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1080017421606">Used to add a lock when a specific dynamic library is loaded or uninstalled in ODBC connection initialization scenarios</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1842045012596"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p148001542101">SearchServerLibLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p108001942206">Used to add a lock on the file read operation when a specific dynamic library is initially loaded in GPU-accelerated scenarios</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row4420150155910"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p580019422015">DfsUserLoginLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1800134213013">Used to protect a global linked table where HDFS user information is stored</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row15421195055911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p108014423018">DfsSpaceCacheLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p480104212016">Used to ensure that the IDs of files to be imported to an HDFS table increase monotonically</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row0421105016597"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p680117423014">LsnXlogChkFileLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1480115421407">Used to serially update the Xlog flush points for primary and standby servers recorded in a specific structure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11421135015917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p580116421404">GTMHostInfoLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p118017421304">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on GTM host information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row04211750175913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p680220429019">ReplicationSlotAllocationLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p38021042501">Used to add a lock when a primary server allocates stream replication slots during primary-standby replication</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row114227508594"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8802164218014">ReplicationSlotControlLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p58024428016">Used to prevent concurrent update of replication slot status during primary-standby replication</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row542255035919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p580213428012">ResourcePoolHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p38021042806">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a resource pool table, a hash table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row20868166203"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9803194211014">WorkloadStatHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1180313427012">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains SQL requests from the CN side</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1086914615011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10803242807">WorkloadIoStatHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p38032426013">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains the I/O information of the current DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row28691661019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1280314213013">WorkloadCGroupHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10803642307">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains Cgroup information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row08691561006"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p780414421604">OBSGetPathLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2804204216019">Used to prevent concurrent read/write or concurrent write/write on an OBS path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row12870196705"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p168048423012">WorkloadUserInfoLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p780494210011">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains user information about load management</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row48709611018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19804342808">WorkloadRecordLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p980412423016">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains requests received by CNs during adaptive memory management</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row168707619014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1580513427019">WorkloadIOUtilLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p0805042100">Used to protect a structure that records <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b434816191918">iostat</strong> and CPU load information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row6871961308"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p148059424012">WorkloadNodeGroupLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p880519421908">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a hash table that contains Node Group information in memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row087146507"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5805194216011">JobShmemLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9805342907">Used to protect global variables in the shared memory that is periodically read during a scheduled task where MPP is compatible with Oracle</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row188728611010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1180619421802">OBSRuntimeLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8806742203">Used to obtain environment variables, for example, GASSHOME</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1539715189019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9806184217015">LLVMDumpIRLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p48075423019">Used to export the assembly language for dynamically generating functions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row839810181903"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p680784219018">LLVMParseIRLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p480717421603">Used to compile and parse a finished IR function from the IR file at the start position of a query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row103986181309"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7808124213014">RPNumberLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1180819423014">Used by a DN on a computing Node Group to count the number of threads for a task where plans are being executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1839810188016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7808194213010">ClusterRPLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p380824218013">Used to control concurrent access on cluster load data maintained in a CCN of the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row103985181306"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18099421203">CriticalCacheBuildLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2080915426011">Used to load caches from a shared or local cache initialization file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1739919182008"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p780974218018">WaitCountHashLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p980912421701">Used to protect a shared structure in user statement counting scenarios</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row143991818109"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p188091942900">BufMappingLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p128102042100">Used to protect operations on a table mapped to shared buffer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row23991118102"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p081018421906">LockMgrLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1681016421108">It is used to protect a common lock structure.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row16400161816017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p68105421506">PredicateLockMgrLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p17810144210016">Used to protect a lock structure that has serializable transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1948295712012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11694903217">OperatorRealTLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2694120229">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a global structure that contains real-time data at the operator level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row7464418117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10694801823">OperatorHistLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8695180420">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a global structure that contains historical data at the operator level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row18971267119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1695701927">SessionRealTLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p166951909217">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a global structure that contains real-time data at the query level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row19996614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p4695306217">SessionHistLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p96961708218">Used to prevent concurrent access to or concurrent modification on a global structure that contains historical data at the query level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8140714015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1669612019211">CacheSlotMappingLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p126961708211">Used to protect global CU cache information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1140614313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.449999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3696901827">BarrierLock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.55%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1697150128">Used to ensure that only one thread is creating a barrier at a time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p15563182016354">The following table describes the corresponding wait events when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1546733124119">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b55463308415">wait io</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__table674510341757" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>List of wait events corresponding to I/Os</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1974512342518"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" id="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10745334552">wait_event</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1974511341758">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11745234456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7924553614">BufFileRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19921155961">Reads data from a temporary file to a specified buffer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1674520341757"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3921551611">BufFileWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p139217551667">Writes the content of a specified buffer to a temporary file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row47464343514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p12921055564">ControlFileRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18933552611">Reads the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b132821025132415">pg_control</strong> file, mainly during database startup, checkpoint execution, and primary/standby verification.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row774614344511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p209313552068">ControlFileSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p9931855567">Flushes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b4441452132814">pg_control</strong> file to a disk, mainly during database initialization.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row77469341159"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10933551761">ControlFileSyncUpdate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p99317551665">Flushes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b12950158132912">pg_control</strong> file to a disk, mainly during database startup, checkpoint execution, and primary/standby verification.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row17461734957"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p209313551463">ControlFileWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1394655763">Writes to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b74881331083">pg_control</strong> file, mainly during database initialization.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row674614341255"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p169410551866">ControlFileWriteUpdate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p99410555610">Updates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b597118201819">pg_control</strong> file, mainly during database startup, checkpoint execution, and primary/standby verification.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1991511238620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p17941055663">CopyFileRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p89415551611">Reads a file during file copying.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row49163237610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19518556618">CopyFileWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p199510551610">Writes a file during file copying.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row59161123461"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p4951655269">DataFileExtend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p795255363">Writes a file during file extension.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row11850629862"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p0962555619">DataFileFlush</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1696855265">Flushes a table data file to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row108511729761"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7967551565">DataFileImmediateSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1696205517613">Flushes a table data file to a disk immediately.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row285113298613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p89710551763">DataFilePrefetch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p89717552616">Reads a table data file asynchronously.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1785110299614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p797855064">DataFileRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p597755766">Reads a table data file synchronously.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1785218291767"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p10976559610">DataFileSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p99805519610">Flushes table data file modifications to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1385242915613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3988559619">DataFileTruncate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19981255366">Truncates a table data file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8853329867"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p12987551619">DataFileWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18985558619">Writes a table data file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row98539291562"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1899165515612">LockFileAddToDataDirRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1699105519611">Reads the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b5617185821113">postmaster.pid</strong> file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row2853182912611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p119913551060">LockFileAddToDataDirSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p79913555611">Flushes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1965915938">postmaster.pid</strong> file to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1485319291363"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3995553613">LockFileAddToDataDirWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p31001855561">Writes the PID information into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b055172917121">postmaster.pid</strong> file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row49299371164"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p161001955065">LockFileCreateRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p141001555869">Read the LockFile file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1449174417123">%s.lock</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row2093003712611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8100155511618">LockFileCreateSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p310112551363">Flushes the LockFile file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b660118211310">%s.lock</strong> to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row893015375610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p910115551166">LockFileCreateWRITE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p111011855863">Writes the PID information into the LockFile file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1854193215132">%s.lock</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row09316378613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2101655166">RelationMapRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p410115551362">Reads the mapping file between system catalogs and storage locations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row393114374618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11102145514612">RelationMapSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p91026553616">Flushes the mapping file between system catalogs and storage locations to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1093217371567"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8102185520617">RelationMapWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p2010220553616">Writes the mapping file between system catalogs and storage locations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row493223716617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p21031555769">ReplicationSlotRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1010319551568">Reads a stream replication slot file during a restart.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row5933537261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p410320551666">ReplicationSlotRestoreSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p010320550613">Flushes a stream replication slot file to a disk during a restart.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1293313376618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1610415554618">ReplicationSlotSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p4104855263">Flushes a temporary stream replication slot file to a disk during checkpoint execution.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row129333379613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p110455510619">ReplicationSlotWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p3104055668">Writes a temporary stream replication slot file during checkpoint execution.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1293463714613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p210515551461">SLRUFlushSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p101059551262">Flushes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1670618568207">pg_clog</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b142389593202">pg_subtrans</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b187701416215">pg_multixact</strong> files to a disk, mainly during checkpoint execution and database shutdown.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row15934183716619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p61057551166">SLRURead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p111053551616">Reads the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1661318142113">pg_clog</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b204881720192117">pg_subtrans</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1389514222213">pg_multixact</strong> files.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row59342037062"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p910555516610">SLRUSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p41067551618">Writes dirty pages into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1199163219219">pg_clog</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b7474153512212">pg_subtrans</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b106934409216">pg_multixact</strong> files, and flushes the files to a disk, mainly during checkpoint execution and database shutdown.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row17935143711615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8106125510620">SLRUWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p81068550619">Writes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b186311393229">pg_clog</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1566361122211">pg_subtrans</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b127881013102213">pg_multixact</strong> files.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row4935133713618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p12106185513612">TimelineHistoryRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p010616551618">Reads the timeline history file during database startup.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row193515376615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p201076557611">TimelineHistorySync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p7107125514613">Flushes the timeline history file to a disk during database startup.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row109353372069"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p510718556619">TimelineHistoryWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p01071355069">Writes to the timeline history file during database startup.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8936153716614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p175089521070">TwophaseFileRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11508205215718">Reads the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b192893620231">pg_twophase</strong> file, mainly during two-phase transaction submission and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8663991579"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p8508105217710">TwophaseFileSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5508952276">Flushes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b4506948142317">pg_twophase</strong> file to a disk, mainly during two-phase transaction submission and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row3280111319720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p125092525715">TwophaseFileWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16509115215717">Writes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b15647855142311">pg_twophase</strong> file, mainly during two-phase transaction submission and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row92818131979"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p350916527718">WALBootstrapSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1250985212713">Flushes an initialized WAL file to a disk during database initialization.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row345581715717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11510352578">WALBootstrapWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18510752676">Writes an initialized WAL file during database initialization.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1145515176712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p135101652775">WALCopyRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1351075211717">Read operation generated when an existing WAL file is read for replication after archiving and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row144561179713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p145105521475">WALCopySync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p20511352177">Flushes a replicated WAL file to a disk after archiving and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row245661712715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p18511155217717">WALCopyWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5511205217715">Write operation generated when an existing WAL file is read for replication after archiving and restoration.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row487822113718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1051245212712">WALInitSync</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1512145218716">Flushes a newly initialized WAL file to a disk during log reclaiming or writing.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row15878921678"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p35124521279">WALInitWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1251211521378">Initializes a newly created WAL file to 0 during log reclaiming or writing.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1087811213710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p95134521078">WALRead</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p5513185219718">Reads data from Xlogs during redo operations on two-phase files.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row787962119713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p151425218711">WALSyncMethodAssign</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1651416521377">Flushes all open WAL files to a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row9879162120715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.68%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p125141252978">WALWrite</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.32000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.9.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1651411521872">Writes a WAL file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p17382359163616">The following table describes the corresponding wait events when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1380431693217">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__b1616182513214">acquire lock</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__table9718135411310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>List of wait events corresponding to transaction locks</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row8719115417315"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" id="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p673513253413">wait_event</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" id="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1571995411319">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row5719205412317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p206511937848">relation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p465216370413">Adds a lock to a table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row107199547314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p206521237745">extend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p106521037942">Adds a lock to a table being scaled out.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row4720105418313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p965223711413">partition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p965213377416">Adds a lock to a partitioned table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row197209541832"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1265218372043">partition_seq</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p26533376414">Adds a lock to a partition of a partitioned table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row10720175417311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p86538375412">page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p106533372043">Adds a lock to a table page.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row107205541232"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p96531737447">tuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p4654183718417">Adds a lock to a tuple on a page.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row5721754733"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p665418371646">transactionid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p11654143717416">Adds a lock to a transaction ID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row143181015744"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p86542371848">virtualxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p16543371946">Adds a lock to a virtual transaction ID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row2318315542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p06557372041">object</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p19655837845">Adds a lock to an object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1231816154416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p136557372041">cstore_freespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p1565516371643">Adds a lock to idle column-store space.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row1631916151748"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p15655173711419">userlock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p116556371941">Adds a lock to a user.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__row73191815745"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.65%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p206566371949">advisory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.35%" headers="mcps1.3.11.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__p96561337043">Adds an advisory lock.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0784.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0784.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__en-us_topic_0059777576_p11804567514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b84235270614252">PG_TABLES</strong> displays access to each table in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__te912502220ff455dbc6a250019db99bd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__rbd5ff604573d4190bf8efd8fc764dfab"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a30cb25a06ade462088aa7e2642ef8171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a8a07ab79d5c249beb6faf90076d42eb1">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a6118fe3371204d01a54050c3dd46851e">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__ada2a98db9dbe432eb5dd6e3b8d718b10">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__r239f88edcf334ee0bae509c7d19a92b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__abb4c8259bf664a76a7d145bf013cc31d">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a43ea6962bc4e4440aab2fb4097e2fcf7">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a4a9be612208b46d8b9db032b80e9d34b"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a78c0d6e58067476e880d59f81104b8a3">Name of the schema that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__r90c8d3a6709740b380ee1d629a4c2fc8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a3b9bd3bea2dc483ebdfdd9de0f0c5866">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__ab55bd3499ed840cbad20806f8b51f9bc">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__abad4c760357e464db188bcae611d69e6"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__aadd36c362263441183a77a9ea8550786">Name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__r25c5b732d739491492502693c3e102b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a12ef9beb53874f538868d24e3d6a897b">tableowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a38b91ee992e64af9afd31641fe98e646">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p3994824204515">pg_get_userbyid(<a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relowner)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a55aa5b02d87a4f348ab9deb9c021921f">Owner of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__rdf75f55a4ec140cf96dc0fd61d4ca735"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a65ba8952640741eeb493d510a284bde6">tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a84c777ea09cd4213b7dc85d119beefb1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a2ec3e4c77aa84c4fbd8900b11714334f"><a href="dws_04_0622.html">PG_TABLESPACE</a>.spcname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a537b99f6eae54209bb64394da00e6d98">Tablespace that contains the table. The default value is null</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__r76bd7ecfbd73468fb398b381ec0364dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__ae95926416ebb4b90909a4ee42daf1f17">hasindexes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a71345d585b0d433b9227400e33c55d82"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__text187902333386">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a8dc09472dc664a158a1a733c704a276c"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relhasindex</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a89f401c489a943d6b3aec1245e903a8a">Whether the table has (or recently had) an index. If it does, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b189027241189">true</strong>. Otherwise, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b84235270614416">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__r2f0edf4db720443e8555115eb2be51a5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a995188c1679041199c03dfa33a76e0ce">hasrules</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a1fb3f36fbb2e49bb888118009d786f16"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__text99091236103816">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__ae14ed8eb268641fabe53303691f09cc0"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relhasruls</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a78c07708bb914d40adeb7872d0b2f58f">Whether the table has rules. If it does, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b1790716242081">true</strong>. Otherwise, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b103447803814426">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__raa78a5374dd04be980a385b92d521043"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__ac2c2bef2952e4b29afa9e28d314a7a78">hastriggers</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a03a07d8bd1464c2d99770124933394d3"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__text19524143814385">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a800377b7a9464986ae7da27c9b819f4c"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.RELHASTRIGGERS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__a532dec13845143d3918e4933ef89184f">Whether the table has triggers. If it does, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b139105249816">true</strong>. Otherwise, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__b109796273914442">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__row2248312165"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p2249412167">tablecreator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p724961131611">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p1724981191613">pg_get_userbyid(<a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.creator)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p192491914162">Table creator. If the creator has been deleted, no value is returned.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__row53953751617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p153957716166">created</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p239511712161">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p439597131616"><a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.ctime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p23951778164">Time when the table was created.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__row126751712181615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p14675312151619">last_ddl_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p46751812101610">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p267571220166"><a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.mtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894487__p3675151261614">Last time when the cluster was modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0785.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0785.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9372336b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0785.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TDE_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1563807458650"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__en-us_topic_0059777983_p206174214616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__b8732142214566">PG_TDE_INFO</strong> displays the encryption information about the current cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__t20f9f83024934077b07edaf962d8a961" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TDE_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__rf02622c63433413ba7d29808b00cd659"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__acdd47762a99544ae8d05a97347c96e1a">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__ae49398954b05490a98b8864949861798">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__ac7bc3b22ba0b43b39cba5b48e558d738">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__r7f025f1173464500811e4d2dd6aa6480"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__p17268211111214">is_encrypt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__a0fef7e2e4c9e46fa93f417d1ffc73770">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__p59817523229">Whether the cluster is an encryption cluster</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__ul029852152319"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__li18298122112310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__b3162131135811">f</strong>: Non-encryption cluster</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__li2298821234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__b1235719343583">t</strong>: Encryption cluster</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__re565e5b0abbf4ef1a4051a2ddd5dffef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__ad2bf9374341444f780b778b6b210825f">g_tde_algo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__a86e2eb1889c545268bb4ff33e3a6f22a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__p0171183942310">Encryption algorithm</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__ul5602184782317"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__li17602204711237">SM4-CTR-128</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__li96021147142310">AES-CTR-128</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__r6cf0c8b8a2724f32b58e505c5eaf8252"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__aed3b199ff7664c3689fa81c4d71af7a9">remain</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__a4d9e988e25444b4881b869ce112d3348">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__a9ede143d18734f159cb8087e56b3b290">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__section1407050297"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__p198210125296">Check whether the current cluster is encrypted, and check the encryption algorithm (if any) used by the current cluster.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975054__screen1290724183215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_TDE_INFO</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_encrypt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g_tde_algo</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+-------------+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AES</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">CTR</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remain</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0786.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0786.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34b16869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0786.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__en-us_topic_0059777983_p206174214616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__b84235270614644">PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS</strong> displays all time zone abbreviations that can be recognized by the input routines.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__tc723c88af6c44209a8549513e7bac265" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__r8bb9cd7fc15246a8a71b5a6c8b536ee6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__ab32b466f2198476a94d0af348af7cb61"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__aaf34ecdd11f84ad0aeb19e1e78932d71">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__aec449b7373554d1cb5d6ea6184d497f8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__rbf6560c2ee5a44f191a2f7006b5d48b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__aa827b321feba4224a5e7f543f0a68b8c">abbrev</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__a9a6174971a64461e870509befbcba34e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__ae0573beef0aa43d29ee07f4de26ff8db">Time zone abbreviation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__r1b721ac7efb04acea608ed0f0af2eb3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__aa377ac1ff9424038a920e8d2479ec2cb">utc_offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__abdddd151776c41fb80f80d26a1f4e177">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__aa14ea5aabd15453d9fd8a46b0037abe5">Offset from UTC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__r655940690f794e848b33db7ccbea6a15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__a6e91b95bf89d40e290049a7f78d62449">is_dst</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.95%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__a6bb7c01c065b4ce39fca73765d40d561"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__text19101204073810">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="56.05%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__a891b8ba4c41f44fca37d26a4d4985db0">Whether the abbreviation indicates a daylight saving time (DST) zone. If it does, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__b84235270614755">true</strong>. Otherwise, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974696__b8423527061483">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0787.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0787.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17f2546f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0787.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__en-us_topic_0059778781_p138071651067"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__b842352706141152">PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES</strong> displays all time zone names that can be recognized by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__b842352706141211">SET TIMEZONE</strong>, along with their associated abbreviations, UTC offsets, and daylight saving time statuses.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__tb2a33218bc2e4e5389a81108adf78f9f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__r3abf9e48613b4634874232e2fdddc39b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__ae1d86d3aac4447b0b6a0fa27c83165f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.560000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a2b421dcf7a9c43049630c968e7af1bed">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a83f2cb1ee3de43d595e16b3adb2588bc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__r59228c0cbb174976a52f1a229102a54c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a96e1224dff634015b988d7e2067d74d5">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.560000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a4077778aecfe4d45b9f0b6b489f535fd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a6a0e3134c8f1476f9feecb326aa69738">Name of the time zone</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__r5da6dcce22fe4386b5b4b3729fa7cd8c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a9ec6cfc2adc84939bda6ec80b65dbed5">abbrev</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.560000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__adb1083eef3af4b5286280563ea4dac83">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a75f305db7131428db02fbfb8a5ed3073">Time zone name abbreviation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__r00a3af21ccf847de9f733c5d3f084f38"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a63d94eb1546746199381fd05ccbf2c51">utc_offset</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.560000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__afa227e7212ec492489d285a61e74a51e">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a58799c39bf424bb2a741f406415b77a7">Offset from UTC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__r5ec2375488364a319de71ae42c846166"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.34%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a9cfad50f70e7421795fc1c52e320ec4d">is_dst</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.560000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a2fa552a02e1d414c9017dacc947c1fcd"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__text989713410387">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__a590b6d30f29a4bd9ac397f93650ad0ec">Whether DST is used. If it is, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__b842352706141249">true</strong>. Otherwise, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694365__b842352706141257">false</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0788.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0788.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f980afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0788.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__en-us_topic_0059778356_p512459160"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b1398255717162">PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays the memory usage of a certain node in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__t95ae1da4e5134a57beb511cde32be320" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__rc9087219835147ea942ebfe0cd821a77"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__ad43c1679bbef459dbfa097f861b361e0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__ad8315d8f20fb4f8cb857c2ea92bc00ab">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a32785708bd7c49a0b6569a74edcfab95">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__r39c3fec6d15c4222829027569830ebea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__aa7b1f899b31d4b7cb7519bb45b080fb4">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a3ef6a47880784e5ea470e7d1c19571c3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a2adcef0b07a547f787478fceb0003623">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__rc16f19daf1c949f2ba6aefc584cfd3aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a212af2e2467c4c3fa8690a2778d27491">memorytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a17d7a5b7aa22430ebafd72b81639644b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__ac52f25c0c7db49e0bd5cdc8d8a685de5">It can be set to any of the following values:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__u29b5691a46474d3c8c698659b63aa4e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l744343e707f548779fe0a01c1c9631cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b95766191584">max_process_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__text1102714859">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster instance</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l54d40739dd85417a82bd71d280e5e94c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b3597351383">process_used_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__text2024868032">GaussDB(DWS)</span> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l1fef9593d68d447185d9a5b5937c98b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b1637454817815">max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l81a19c4416b0430e9030ccab2c69c9dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706151936">dynamic_used_memory</strong>: used dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l60ad02d874ed43df8d4d1b13cb7b5bb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706151940">dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: dynamic peak value of the memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l1c2aa00ac9044aafae2d66831ea8652f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706151945">dynamic_used_shrctx</strong>: maximum dynamic shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l56906e652c224e6a92160f010a13b04f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b84235270615208">dynamic_peak_shrctx</strong>: dynamic peak value of the shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l9d94b32d3d3b4c4fa6f12b0667e28917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706152012">max_shared_memory</strong>: maximum shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__lc568e99a46d14f068d4882de1d1c4c93"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706152018">shared_used_memory</strong>: used shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__le50850c8ac5b4a7d83e16fada7430529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706152028">max_cstore_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l031a9b69d10c4a4ab6d4faecc24e2f90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b842352706152054">cstore_used_memory</strong>: memory used for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__lf95f63ff7b9a4e4e8cacec7114f4a111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b43095198519">max_sctpcomm_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l8318345879ac493dbbbccc96fcc89d98"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b19854921185119">sctpcomm_used_memory</strong>: memory used for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l123694d5ff594f7085ac387396467353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b19641122335116">sctpcomm_peak_memory</strong>: memory peak of the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__l3c7e36f491cb4d3d886d7edba849511b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b84235270615228">other_used_memory</strong>: other used memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li250633215716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b5644185127">gpu_max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li1479734419715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b1031752741215">gpu_dynamic_used_memory</strong>: sum of the available GPU memory and temporary GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li205131656574"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b0613155516120">gpu_dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: maximum memory used for GPU</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li617075912714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b16531176181316">pooler_conn_memory</strong>: memory used for pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li1359887886"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b665220244137">pooler_freeconn_memory</strong>: memory used for idle pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li4264121610817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b15302945111319">storage_compress_memory</strong>: memory used for column-store compression and decompression</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li1141132413812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b577384616141">udf_reserved_memory</strong>: memory reserved for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b198864522141">UDF Worker</strong> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__li195031032988"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b52611153101319">mmap_used_memory</strong>: memory used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__b883971810159">mmap</strong></li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__rc19fd6cc7c634ecfb63a20bf96d2ee16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a40e01f8dcccf45ec8a2ec4d328ae8b18">memorymbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__aab53cb1b001c4d5b898a0af566bb9b68">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814591__a54d733f3e6494e60bedd5f020c9fcbec">Size of the used memory (MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0789.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0789.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd0bc3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0789.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1608177794104"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p8060118">PG_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO displays the storage usage of all schemas in each database. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__b072915472143">on</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__t95ae1da4e5134a57beb511cde32be320" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__rc9087219835147ea942ebfe0cd821a77"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__ad43c1679bbef459dbfa097f861b361e0">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__ad8315d8f20fb4f8cb857c2ea92bc00ab">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__a32785708bd7c49a0b6569a74edcfab95">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__r39c3fec6d15c4222829027569830ebea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p10103102071217">schemaid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p04241417123">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p639181441214">Schema OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__rc16f19daf1c949f2ba6aefc584cfd3aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p1110652110121">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p193412140122">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p1230151411213">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__rc19fd6cc7c634ecfb63a20bf96d2ee16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p1275719218122">databaseid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p226191461218">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p62251431218">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__row0970538191711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p9971538191717">databasename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p797217389175">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p397263812176">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__row64614276180"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p12894125171811">usedspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p10894225181817">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p188951125151817">Size of the permanent table storage space used by the schema, in bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__row10451327201810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.31%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p1689592518180">permspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p12895425161810">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814776__p489502517187">Upper limit of the permanent table storage space of the schema, in bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0790.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0790.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..241dd106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0790.html
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1545358353028"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b1762906132617">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</strong> displays the resource usage of all users. Only administrators can query this view. This view is valid only if use_workload_manager is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b921311366572">on</strong>. </p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__t95ae1da4e5134a57beb511cde32be320" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b423793114559">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__rc9087219835147ea942ebfe0cd821a77"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__ad43c1679bbef459dbfa097f861b361e0">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__ad8315d8f20fb4f8cb857c2ea92bc00ab">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__a32785708bd7c49a0b6569a74edcfab95">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__r39c3fec6d15c4222829027569830ebea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p10103102071217">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p04241417123">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p639181441214">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__rc16f19daf1c949f2ba6aefc584cfd3aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1110652110121">used_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p193412140122">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1230151411213">Used memory (unit: MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__rc19fd6cc7c634ecfb63a20bf96d2ee16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1275719218122">total_memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p226191461218">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p62251431218">Available memory (unit: MB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b79824436283">0</strong> indicates that the available memory is not limited and depends on the maximum memory available in the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row0970538191711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p9971538191717">used_cpu</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p797217389175">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p397263812176">Number of CPU cores in use. Only the CPU usage of complex jobs in the non-default resource pool is collected, and the value is the CPU usage of the related cgroup.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row64614276180"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p12894125171811">total_cpu</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p10894225181817">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p188951125151817">Total number of CPU cores of the cgroup associated with a user on the node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row10451327201810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1689592518180">used_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p12895425161810">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p489502517187">Used permanent table storage space (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row134412731818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1089592520188">total_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p14895192581819">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p13895112513181">Available storage space (unit: KB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b190586163019">-1</strong> indicates that the storage space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row1221153651019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1122123661011">used_temp_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p7222183681018">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p3222103616102">Used temporary table storage space (unit: KB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row36971246151013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p76971146151017">total_temp_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8698194610108">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1269824641011">Available temporary table storage space (unit: KB). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b885631348">-1</strong> indicates that the storage space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row17917552151015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p199181152111020">used_spill_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8918185210105">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p13918185217106">Size of the used operator flushing space, in KB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row1265235801014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1653115816103">total_spill_space</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1065305881013">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p465325817104">Size of the available operator flushing space, in KB. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__b482018157454">-1</strong> indicates that the operator flushing space is not limited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row738820015471"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8388308478">read_kbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p638811016471">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8277857114811">CN: total number of bytes read by a user's complex jobs on all DNs in the last 5 seconds. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1427717571481">DN: total number of bytes read by a user's complex jobs from the instance startup time to the current time. The unit is KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row116144300479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p156151330184710">write_kbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1161513074715">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p19381315114918">CN: total number of bytes written by a user's complex jobs on all DNs in the last 5 seconds. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p13811215134915">DN: total number of bytes written by a user's complex jobs from the instance startup time to the current time. The unit is KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row148861925174720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1188642564712">read_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p08861525174711">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p19829123518498">CN: total number of read times of a user's complex jobs on all DNs in the last 5 seconds. Unit: count.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p082910356494">DN: total number of read times of a user's complex jobs from the instance startup time to the current time. Unit: count.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row111804224475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p111801422114718">write_counts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p11180322104720">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p17947104213491">CN: total number of write times of a user's complex jobs on all DNs in the last 5 seconds. Unit: count.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p394714214917">DN: total number of write times of a user's complex jobs from the instance startup time to the current time. Unit: count.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row132164476460"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1216147144613">read_speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p021614714615">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p8976164744917">CN: average read rate of a user's complex jobs on a single DN in the last 5 seconds. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p1697611471499">DN: indicates the average read rate of a user's complex jobs on a single DN in the last 5 seconds. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__row208103358460"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p12810113554613">write_speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.810000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p158106353462">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.550000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p17249157134919">CN: average write rate of a user's complex jobs on a single DN in the last 5 seconds. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494941__p82491257104910">DN: average write rate of a user's complex jobs on a single DN in the last 5 seconds. (Unit: KB/s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0791.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0791.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..518b3dde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0791.html
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_USER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__en-us_topic_0059778611_p434611371768"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__b990715113369">PG_USER</strong> displays information about users who can access the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__t02a5f906ad8845f7a5bd26e8f1bb43c3" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_USER columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__re55268728eea4fa49b37e52c1cacdcf2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a5cc4a71de2674760b3479f3df16ee27e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a06c2aeaa86e24edead4d448c42af68e7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__aec82e523b6d74d10987a0121fba65d9d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r0b5a5a7d8a824da6bf927629759ecbff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a4c015a92456e4c548bc4b959d300cdda">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ac8f3da3362b545a6884e07d4684f162a">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a1f122a1d8c4043ebbe76d9d62ddc8d11">User name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r7857edb463044b65a17c1d91862109f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ad8a9280ecbf748f9bc60024a23a5d0f0">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a7351ed47f5f84a76921669326689f7b7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__af1fb7d20812a4190869aa8d778cac854">ID of this user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r2b07ec1faa1147549f8c9230ecc8fcc0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a668b880b25ac450aaf26d2b1a73c05d5">usecreatedb</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__aeade31175c4644e38716d61d707bb5a8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__text132939591381">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ad39edefe25a7413d8643d85ca9327eb2">Whether the user has the permission to create databases</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__rdfbe381d81de445f88da505010c45571"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a45fe53b562db458eb60f9f21d3912b68">usesuper</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a9f47aa68a47c423e97319ff84c16bbd7"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__text162535053911">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a69a00e4849a74c1ea7bca8b0160ce5a5">whether the user is the initial system administrator with the highest rights.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r2d5d1b07d39048dcb42af363f0b5a15e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a82694a15ccc744fc905a8d22d7a75ac9">usecatupd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a468a7a3db2cd471baa2285b86fb3c451"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__text11647143916">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ae3b527d12f154a18ab571aca2a2deb35">whether the user can directly update system tables. Only the initial system administrator whose usesysid is 10 has this permission. It is not available for other users.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r2a638259baea44c296a204bd8eaa333c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a39e6bd4d5e7c44f68804d947e82c3099">userepl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__aa31884d6346a4c2eab34939d7d6e9fe5"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__text21266213391">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__adea24414b7234e1089e38ae07c24d97c">Whether the user has the permission to duplicate data streams</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__rda6de1e6238648c58468e13975222ecc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a3ebcd0cb7b0345658621b013b740e4fb">passwd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a348084fe4e884a37a00f3bd9ffae78d8">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a7d77806e16a446c787db6bedefb6964e">Encrypted user password. The value is displayed as ********.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r11591f07c4f246ca94580c7bf51ce116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a653d5a42fd314c48baa7339ab77d945b">valbegin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a9a5adb3c8235461b813b09c84c28ac68">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__af4e8a86a19a04e72aa53f59b54df8679">Account validity start time; null if no start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r2f37b05fe18a42dea387c387e04fa2b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__aa299a9733a3c4d2d98dc963570747c47">valuntil</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a82934b0ebd614091a7ceaad89ab6bad4">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ac16b6989f09c4be48004b96fea03bca5">Password expiry time; null if no expiration</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r577db074d7644bbb82c4b556f6bac117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ae6e838c16e2a48abb1200f892ef36aa2">respool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__abde9957a1a6741a1b983c9b93f546a56">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a43b1f6388ce64ffea38611f1e65a9a8c">Resource pool where the user is in</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r03a66c7740414c5c88a2878417e56a07"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a168bc253be0847f99c311d284dfee5bc">parentid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a9988d925b4254162b327af5d9c825390">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a3501ad3f96d04e29a0c6d2c3b0cdc37a">Parent user OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__rc15c9e5a9a804ad485e5797666422fcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__en-us_topic_0059778611_p464374871579">spacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__en-us_topic_0059778611_p33400731579">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__en-us_topic_0059778611_p21104791579">The storage space of the permanent table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__row94919012357"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p124919011359">tempspacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p114911801354">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p84923043517">The storage space of the temporary table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__row872141120355"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p10721141133518">spillspacelimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p10721171116359">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p13721141117357">The operator disk flushing space.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__r0865128d6efa45f28aa22f7642daf66f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__a7de9be54b0dd4721983bea18cfad0ddf">useconfig</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__ab14dbe4be2a4445ebbfb3847dfff3460">text[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__aed718955fea24563aba490aad680fe1e">Session defaults for run-time configuration variables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__row3383125316230"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.81%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p038365316230">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.27%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p1638355314230">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974964__p23836535234">Name of the logical cluster associated with the user. If no logical cluster is associated, this column is left blank.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0792.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0792.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e6ea51a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0792.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_USER_MAPPINGS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__en-us_topic_0059777822_p174214519617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__b142933259394">PG_USER_MAPPINGS</strong> displays information about user mappings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a22f1d5b6434942f59558a9ac4e570eb2">This is essentially a publicly readable view of <a href="dws_04_0630.html">PG_USER_MAPPING</a> that leaves out the options column if the user has no rights to use it.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__tce58d2bb347647c1bc9e388f7e1ddaee" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_USER_MAPPINGS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__r471a98e5711a4f30b6f3aeda73b490a8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a5115ac1749924d5998966b9a495c605c">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a1827b702ea5b4f36a31dec8c5a8ad4eb">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ae6fb5548503f4ccd8996108e06d82c37">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a885a63988e144101b8ac94b5e58b368a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ra6b98f6088ca429ca17cd2e6e8b981e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__adcf9bb87a8c34122a71c20a0b113aa98">umid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a9f872cf2b0d44302b0bb3c587a28002e">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__acfefe276834a4e909aa55cd0f31b6f8d"><a href="dws_04_0630.html">PG_USER_MAPPING</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ae6250f11047b4d34898c38814721a2e1">OID of the user mapping</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__raa88591c9f8748ddb41021f1e04fca8a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a951a05ce65644c31add8a7efb0651f83">srvid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a9fca941554174e248caca415ee3ffd52">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a3fe3b3e0584a44e5a87351b45fc1ada3"><a href="dws_04_0592.html">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a282c1362265d46ba9aa5ce9f5cda37b3">OID of the foreign server that contains this mapping </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__r44d289771c9b44459855df98babe6b3a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a0d5c987d2893430c83df6914fb4db4c0">srvname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ae9ed822859f443839ecc3687ee155feb">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a166de8ffd0b04cc4b81b6cbdb4718a47"><a href="dws_04_0592.html">PG_FOREIGN_SERVER</a>.srvname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a034bbcc29d99485ca994d345ebbcb500">Name of the foreign server</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__r8592e5cabaf24297931da6e1d0f723bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a3bfd1ed281c64897a4327dbe741d16ce">umuser</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a802bbc7c91714c8ba7884d214a5c9949">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a9c4d5d27de7e45859847ec2b1a49980e"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a6bf34ce25a3841a1bed7d7f8ab88c81b">OID of the local role being mapped, 0 if the user mapping is public</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ref69c4f20c3349d4a727c24f3d4ca018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ac3f275335b374fdb93ee005b84c8f710">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a7a7482cc8c3142549a0ccb0e8f9d2c25">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__adf1caf45265c4338b27acc8047209a30">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ad3cf553f8d474b77bd4533856d7f2bec">Name of the local user to be mapped</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__r1001b0eb2b0c4ca98ac8093ab6f43db9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.85%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__ab65734d9f76e4b41b72a46399e292171">umoptions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__aaaf697e206374d049dea0cacdee77195">text[ ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.14%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__a5c56cb8f419f411e9a610c8a2324ebad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42.86%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814325__abd806de190f745c7b56a405334534888">User mapping specific options. If the current user is the owner of the foreign server, its value is keyword=value strings. Otherwise, its value is null.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0793.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0793.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d4e9f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0793.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_VIEWS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__en-us_topic_0059778302_p128228511160"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__b842352706143318">PG_VIEWS</strong> displays basic information about each view in the database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__t2af370bae05a4fca9286466d6f3a5d20" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_VIEWS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__re289ca8be87047658348f30edf931d67"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a975e43be34114971b823947674c3abe6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__acb13b060518041e8a476bafe00bf2c23">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a0c4ec93b6b274780b14d1c125c558e55">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__afa977adbf0534464824244474e93aed8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__rbb1265b2abd94321aed0c7468f1b82f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a0f99ed06708047ee95fa3fea8d316c83">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__aaf7f4d90dbbc4119919a43aeb6e2e544">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a70d7bc6395dd4192b65d8013af1a891c"><a href="dws_04_0600.html">PG_NAMESPACE</a>.nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__afedfe46bdcac447183694572763fcb39">Name of the schema that contains the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__r009b159cbed14945b18a6b77f6c661e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a1f8d9716603041faa33af4cc6ec6504c">viewname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a42d975533b3a4227bc75ee0b2b4d2cdd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__acaf41719f231438ba9f9b536236ffa26"><a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a>.relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a0dc9cd4ffb5847afa6bdf53a6301bd74">View name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__r2cb1669d190542b9bfde51e70c0c2814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__ad83c2b53244c40fe8ac7c2bf99926be7">viewowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a81e051ee6659432ca5f341a8ca0ace3c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a2b4c48b562e74dacbe30d730ece50c11"><a href="dws_04_0574.html">PG_AUTHID</a>.Erolname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a65f545fa23854150a3bec86b1d753560">Owner of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__r23e1acb56dbe478586d52e6cb5b1122f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__afb1fdd2f71094177804b17b2770c849a">definition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__aca223aa7477740f89d623d036689a9d9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a236fb2a0f0424dc3b5372ef79a27142f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894903__a23785c597a244e598f08716f433cb7a6">Definition of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0794.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0794.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acc44cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0794.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PG_WLM_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a7a655fda77094a4e8edc4154e16b87f5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706165041">PG_WLM_STATISTICS</strong> displays information about workload management after the task is complete or the exception has been handled.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__t050742bd2b24418e9756fcc8711c239a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PG_WLM_STATISTICS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r1f39dbae63f345eca00bbc8cc2005b94"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a6879c13482e34989ac601ef9b787316b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a46638b7503194e46867a24a420442697">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a21190c3249404dbfb941df6b78565000">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__rbf8a1278b4984087b5ae6aaf5d82be63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ac1a6aaafceb84fc0acfc237818fc1d01">statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a242a6439be3a4cf488b77d4bb5f4ed38">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a84f80769bedc4bc1a044e0232cdb9914">Statement executed for exception handling</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__rab64284c160d4325bdb6fe95203e34db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a8a0a50cb2b9143cb8c184e79d7a82ad7">block_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ae758afb5a5cb45a89138cfa92dff0c0d">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a83264fb248884a2b9ab4a73b886926f7">Block time before the statement is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r77c1fac248984c7ab2f9cfd7b9084392"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a48f3fcd5450d4800ba521c337e9f045b">elapsed_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ac6e59921950342f18bae50788aac0a87">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ac7a142fd5f8b47bba0fa11c105f1945d">Elapsed time when the statement is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r05645d40a19541b6af0ad4a44ea6b805"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a4595e99b57fb4c24b04c99f30e08e9f5">total_cpu_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a15ce863613bd451982a4e3377c17135c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__aedc429831cf64042b4f3eac59760f280">Total time used by the CPU on the DN when the statement is executed for exception handling</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r993c6a046d024d2a82626664572d157f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a62107695ecac41aa9116680b405815f5">qualification_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a1d51848593784db7ae9b401c41a3aa47">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ae1989dd422c842e989859ad9051792d5">Period when the statement checks the inclination ratio</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r14ae4578235e44ffa0744cb2a0dbddba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ae2b0d9d8c99c4b77bca74ed9f60101de">cpu_skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a0b3a25f2530c483eb038ba85fe61e9ce">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a60f6d4508d4c4a08b2ba96238db00502">CPU usage skew on the DN when the statement is executed for exception handling</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__r18f52c6bb0b04a84a8c7fd4abba1e8fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a09ef4c7cfe3d40fc889a26f68a110ecb">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ac75d600b0738433fa365311ddab7eb15">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__af12be71f6bdf44578b5baadac18ad16e">Cgroup used when the statement is executed for exception handling</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__rc7d3ad8c1f2a45bb9f8c3fafd3a0099c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ab74af9b198ca4496b8dd7ca8cb9cbf52">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ac35c9eaf15214e5aa2cd002d4b4d8632">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a3a7e7b99b2f44a0090e5f5c4f43426e7">Statement status after it is executed for exception handling</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__uc391984a345348c6a581889c25ddcee0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__l5fc0c1aeff194899a0f3d0d4fee42845"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706133319">pending</strong>: The statement is waiting to be executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__l35fa0b77b3af49ed8e635c7ebeac7c9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b2084375219108">running</strong>: The statement is being executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__l1b170adb806340f6a2b32eb73867c0e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b16140165517105">finished</strong>: The execution is finished normally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__lf73462f7ad994508a6a9730b96490e12"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706133327">abort</strong>: The execution is unexpectedly terminated.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__rc717b42afe60418bb9ea18bb477054f2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__ae248370a3f5944b2b476a51b4959e10a">action</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a3037ceea63ec4316a489c2da3814d936">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__a2419140214124e4c89da85e860f878f5">Actions when statements are executed for exception handling</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__u9a35eb34878c4e4095bb666ff3a2eb45"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__l03e6f7927fea40949d9c55c2ae4a6880"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706133422">abort</strong> indicates terminating the operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__lcadd65d5d12c49658003e29238bd035c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706133444">adjust</strong> indicates executing the Cgroup adjustment operations. Currently, you can only perform the demotion operation. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__l77fbd3d3399642029040872eefaf46d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__b842352706133457">finish</strong> indicates that the operation is normally finished.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__row215213281226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p8152192832210">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p16152132810226">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p31524283220">Internal query ID used for statement execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__row2679234182316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.06%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p126804348238">threadid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p1968023417239">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655152__p19680173492318">ID of the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0795.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0795.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f156317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0795.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001089094398"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__b1717749181011">PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS</strong> displays the progress of the service import. Only GDS common files can be imported. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__table12350131191316" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__row73501911101316"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.81218121812181%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p18350131116139">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.522852285228524%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p235091110131">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.66496649664967%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p1335041116139">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__row1035020117136"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.81218121812181%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p335019113138">session_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.522852285228524%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p935011115135">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.66496649664967%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p5350161118137">GDS session ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__row6350811151311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.81218121812181%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p163502111131">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.522852285228524%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p114323441514">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.66496649664967%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p19350711131313">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__b4663202110">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__row133511911191310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.81218121812181%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p1235171111316">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.522852285228524%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p1935161117133">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.66496649664967%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p193511511181312">Query statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__row133511811121316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.81218121812181%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p535114117133">progress</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.522852285228524%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p4351171118131">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="49.66496649664967%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814830__p19351211111313">Progress percentage</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0796.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0796.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dad0631f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0796.html
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001135750917"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p2995116201"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b1646625219274">PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong> displays real-time statistics about service execution, such as GDS, COPY, and \COPY, on a CN. This view summarizes the real-time execution status of import and export services that are being executed on each node in the current cluster. In this way, you can monitor the real-time progress of import and export services and locate performance problems.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p8060118">Columns in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b853018388111">PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong> are the same as those in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b1700941201117">PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong>. This is because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b201951550121120">PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong> is essentially the summary result of querying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b974811151218">PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS</strong> on each node in the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p12221064549">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__table158732593611" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS columns</caption><tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row2936459564"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p16936059265"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b103318810128">Name</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p19361459469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b198621486122">Type</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p49361059864"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b17738179151219">Description</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row14936159365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1293611591360">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1593615591669">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p109365591364">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row179375598614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p9937759460">db_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p993713591465">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p159377591662">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row593720596613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1393795914614">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p15937165913618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p179375598620">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b1885620184123">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row7937185911610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p139373591162">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p693717591568">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p9937559862">ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row2093775919616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p7937145914610">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1693719596614">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p18937175918613">Lightweight thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row493745917613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p293716591163">session_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p119372591664">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p993765912612">GDS session ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row793716591261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1937359262">direction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p29378591964">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p4937105918618">Service type. The options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b28267573121">gds to file</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b6832175719125">gds from file</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b78328572121">gds to pipe</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b2083315791217">gds from pipe</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b4833155711129">copy from</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b1183345715126">copy to</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row8937105920618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p199372059661">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p19371659863">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p39371059661">Query statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row1993710599617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1593710591169">address</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p89378591617">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1093712591167">Location of the foreign table used for data import and export</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row193716595618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p99370593615">query_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p209381359165">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p139381259665">Start time of data import or export</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row169382591365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p109386594616">total_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1293835910619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1645410493516">Total size of data to be processed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1531912211841">This parameter is specified only when a GDS common file is to be imported and the record in the row comes from a CN. Otherwise, left this parameter unspecified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row093865911616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p159384591161">phase</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p693818599614">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p593855914614">Current phase. The options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b0794123161416">INITIALIZING</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b425122781414">TRANSFER_DATA</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__b8355143011144">RELEASE_RESOURCE</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row149381059160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1938559467">done_lines</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p493811595617">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p10938105912619">Number of lines that have been transferred</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__row8938135917618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.682168216821683%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p14938125913618">done_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.602760276027606%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p1793865919613">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.71507150715071%"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814600__p9938135920616">Number of bytes that have been transferred</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0797.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0797.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39521674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0797.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1579253399982"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__a2cf938ca60fe498a81bf7e26b62426b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__b74191913312">PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</strong> stores the client connection information of all nodes. (You can query this view on a DN to view the information about the connection between the CN and DN.)</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__t99a7773c7a67481b8365b0d686297657" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__b1179413466311">PGXC_COMM_CLIENT_INFO</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r91b709a9670648a58cbb5b695b946c98"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__ab7cab0719baf431fad6993552531b925">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__a42c1f299821d443d99991d99ab6c2da7">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__aa862f5a1194c44e7ac634fdd3a30a204">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r5234a27dcd474b57b79c153dd99a7372"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p17568202427">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__aeefe2691331a4196974afdf7bed0de01">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__ab06c91907ad4435da0a195380d4b983c">Current node name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r3dfa850ed92541ffa787c82b8eeec5c2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p126431958204312">app</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p1364325814311">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p5643165814317">Client application name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r6a873001a1a249edb52581a07894488b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p5756132034217">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p1220119264318">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p538191034213">Thread ID of the current thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r8e7239b058eb4bfc87ee64686d5b5b81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p1875614208426">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p73258824310">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p538151034220">Lightweight thread ID of the current thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__rfdb7bdd439694e318c63030c9a878e5b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p127561620124213">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__a0d16a81c4d26436aba59edea36fde04c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p73816109429">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__b6403122523319">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r3a91507dc52e4c5099a0c6e1397e2aa8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p20756720184213">socket</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__a6df1f2e067f84b29b6aaf8adcec3a9f3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p163811810134211">It is displayed if the connection is a physical connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__ref5a54f278504077a1c340cce63fa9fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p157561620194219">remote_ip</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p119339226433">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p33811610114218">Peer node IP address.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__r5c1cdf6132094948b42186190bcaf858"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p117561820164211">remote_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p12724152415437">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p5381410104219">Peer node port.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__row51493315326"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p13756202014218">logic_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p7150203183219">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__p1038116107426">If the connection is a logical connection, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__b53734474104">sid</strong> is displayed. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694877__b15378144715101">-1</strong> is displayed, the current connection is a physical connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0798.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0798.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52147f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0798.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_COMM_DELAY</h1>
+<div id="body1514426573775"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__en-us_topic_0059777625_p514221585113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__b16318913164111">PGXC_COMM_STATUS</strong> displays the communication library delay status for all the DNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__ted08a1e3a9bd4aeb9dcc3ea261077866" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_COMM_DELAY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__r40bdf45cf34e4fedb1d42018de14a58a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__ab8272e6d67f146faaa6629df1c325076">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__ab055973fe1ef4790adb87ddec467eb95">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a83f76301abdb45b38e4246e4ecf48551">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__r13afc8ef4c914d878176eb8ad99e69a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__abaf220a1d34b4d449002f0630f019234">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a941d3393174d4b22ab368b80443fe872">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a2b9e153821964130a92d838b87570c3d">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__r9abc65e14f3d4d4f8afcf977a59231ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__ad74e0f3566224386a06f1a3148e08298">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a1d049cf25feb4471b503c38982ee7a5a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a89a1563f76994ae1a545ee4dd422a781">Name of the peer node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__row84271338512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p7428163335113">remote_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p142813375110">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p942863345111">IP address of the peer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__row83857494554"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p7385144965517">stream_num</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p153858499556">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p11385114915512">Number of logical stream connections used by the current physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__row15866643185511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p6866343155518">min_delay</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p178661343135520">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p14866243185513">Minimum delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. Its unit is microsecond.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__note233023151317"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p15330231121316">A negative result is invalid. Wait until the delay status is updated and query again.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__row1127123895519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p142713810556">average</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p02812389553">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__p928638155515">Average delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. Its unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__rf816addd09ff4e4c82c5ce8666b13a71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a8557e5afdac14132986944839c365d21">max_delay</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__a8daaece48c9149b2bf3b6c3052f90570">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814696__ae2c7c7082868459e824cb49c9c6faf9d">Maximum delay of the current physical connection within 1 minute. Its unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0799.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0799.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4724417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0799.html
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__en-us_topic_0059778238_p155492619710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b1110113454111">PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM</strong> displays the receiving stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__t58f90c57be2641c4a4699b623165d81a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_COMM_RECV_STREAM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r7d6051c2498a411989749497d190cb4e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__af008b3aeb22d4ac596b63e0d5fcea331"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a415d996bf6b74776a14fadc23505bb6a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a2a0c6339beb84e9f96b6d5c46f239f2a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rab384c69f65240e7b0680754832bd17e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a86d3be44c06f484583b03be412aca385">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a02a64919a1bf4923beed0e08c965bcb6">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a481b025d7f1e44088831fced2d041447">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r23099bbde084468296a51f80e473f6f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a622f03e0212f49f48f0356ce08863d96">local_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a985a40c602d545c19033852920366e1c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a9217200729224f618e50a6611fbf4d97">ID of the thread using this stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r670d0145525c4c5891757a0204ef3ff3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a41b1c5ceab91424bbce02b6eb187b2c7">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a210a65fb863f4b6abe9282008e7aa41f">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a6e9b001ceebe468db14fa41be3f38798">Name of the peer node </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rdd704e2e1c5b4ca2aaad5b7491c880f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a388ea31d679649e4baef00cab52d46f6">remote_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a17c7da0a8add4801b27515ac3084b68e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__af2c512ed2223401bb76502815c5ece60">Peer thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rb0987c85983e4aa38f502b9a547c324c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a31b64426b5d94bcf9d9dd7410c422869">idx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__aaf0a7eda2d874f0a89c5f70aeb29d9f7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__afdab25f78a9447e0a09332ccbd159396">Peer DN ID in the local DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rd0f48f4ee0644585a66847a536b2976f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ac54953674db54cde99616d25149675de">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ace850a73d6744e70b585fff8ddbda605">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a98525708786443519e53a43a3be410a2">Stream ID in the physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r3e29a86a032d4daaa9154b0a725e05ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ad145abffbfff454d8f9b31b983cf5914">tcp_sock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a2a582fe7c91c4768ae3b2594e30b90a9">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a95753aba25e349b5a13348b86ff9ed24">TCP socket used in the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r91a5021a4b35476094dbeadcc1659e65"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a5576d7f4276e46cab9418446a3da2380">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a32d98a76dfba4b8f92ed7012f7448c82">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__afb36208bf4ae4f52a652445da4a1a5b3">Current status of the stream</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ul925253412512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li101063466544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b15942742181317">UNKNOWN</strong>: The logical connection is unknown.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li1610616468545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b883018434138">READY</strong>: The logical connection is ready.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li610611462541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b38601644201317">RUN</strong>: The logical connection receives packets normally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li210612468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b495294551311">HOLD</strong>: The logical connection is waiting to receive packets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li161079468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b6916194621317">CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is closed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__li122521134162513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b12937194751315">TO_CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is to be closed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r1081d874dcd94a8d9a134783d13359a3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a0fe636c5320940e698e396d30f7c12ea">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a042e512224e04290bbb5fc2618f06d55">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a4dd5a8a913d548f9ba1113d6cde4ca6e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b910915018136">debug_query_id</strong> corresponding to the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r422b14ecae414a2388be993f34d0471e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a4f24a3a29305409a98d79a626d6657c6">pn_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a69032d9dc6954cab830a6e673003140f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a62adb23bd7a14b6486f14b1d70bcde3c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b1931395251319">plan_node_id</strong> of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rff14f8479c43451b8c8732ead85ccd3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a7f47971b654542faa5a1485c6f5a6b22">send_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ac828743ed4744adfa120242decd79bf1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a257bed4a1ec64c36b73be5195584cd91"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b72525546131">smpid</strong> of the sender of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r66bd2fbd364346baaf6decaf313df3f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a33f5d208626c475cb30466135dbc3ba5">recv_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ac3bd377ce7a64aba9b1489b70831e72c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a0e0530238186471e88552e1e4ac61651"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__b3233175717132">smpid</strong> of the receiver of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r2b5702764e134c1c97d1ec22b54ead14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a6580aec3f8a046a595add2990fafefeb">recv_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a52f0542e3bdd43beb71bddd0a1fdc549">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ad39a250ab4b84cc786f495648cab5cf4">Total data volume received from the stream. The unit is byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r23d2167bda774c0b8cdef9877c9fbdcc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a43eaf6260ad7428f817779f411014697">time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a7f359e3ca10d476a8dbeb9539207a8bd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a9b1f5bef9480435da107447c0b815191">Current life cycle service duration of the stream. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r29f1697806564da8a834f8efdab08728"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a337b47c11d4f4b389230b1f25d296c79">speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a3896473aae0e42928fa60fcc6b57a545">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__aeb64c81ae0a2420ba8969dcd9dadebe0">Average receiving rate of the stream. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__r8d875d60ed4e483d98748322f89343e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__aa1824ce08f174b66a910378d0144e164">quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ad43403714e2046c0a55211daf98e30da">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a201e48e79fa6435bbdd04a7d738eb899">Current communication quota value of the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__rbb6b6086fec941ac9db774a74183fe65"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__ad5f0cf804c5943ae9214416a1f716c0a">buff_usize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.719999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a7ad1360377dd4f9d983bab9d13eab087">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.51%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814464__a3132bfb362834e8ea913f0d57d876662">Current size of the data cache of the stream. The unit is byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__en-us_topic_0059777425_p75320101076"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b127656492410">PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM</strong> displays the sending stream status of the communication libraries for all the DNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__t499899dbcf11446aa92e7147dc25da74" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_COMM_SEND_STREAM columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r821f8d610cfb448c965e1c95b216eeda"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a36c60c1aa4c748a198de524752b2f35d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a26f88294ebea4f7c9c5cfb0d805c8556">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a8265a6099b134b339c2c68ce8f081fd3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r2f39bcd2cd5a4c77b16a2c4d8aa222ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__af3a54125745c4b0a8461fecff1a58324">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ad4f81e62e9274d93947d4294ac2cc403">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__adee941ab7a5944ad9d444361df675ed1">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r4678b166b1bf40309a03b397b53c20e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a80e212bb1f4b4547b4ecab20187347de">local_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a14ad398a6cb647059ddc1f0fa401f297">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__abab3cf6e2fa449f5b76fcb961f8e7d08">ID of the thread using this stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__rf042d16fde95467aa88f09a84cf8f469"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a10a95207e2dc4488a5ef6ab230f31c4f">remote_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__aea7e850ea6ea469da52f2aee11b38505">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a96eabd24a5984bf3b074b9f47dbb9545">Name of the peer node </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r8ce3bce6ae23467caef05c99b02d2d27"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ac135279b57c74ae2a75686ba55826e65">remote_tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a5db1ad8f0bb84df1a4754822340449fb">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a39b0c1a3ded04d3289494f8047f929c6">Peer thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r7e5f46ae2b7544438f832a02b51e518e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ab0d05cf0ef194f13b6ec64d8bb0d2020">idx</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a70c8ce857f404624abafe4ff5d0684ac">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ace3b2309206b4b2abf2f9a811d06d190">Peer DN ID in the local DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r8a8b7ca052a94bb989805a67e7b767f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a2083056b7b89414d90b8c030aebc8c70">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__af7e27f4e749b47f79d7aaacac2736e05">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a67fc3d5e270a4662b7668377c1475f1f">Stream ID in the physical connection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__rf415f5d8626043a983dd3f4390c2e182"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a1349a7ff86ab496fbc4a9092434bc306">tcp_sock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__aa3502333ed82414dafb830072e851eb9">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a98692ae9532a40928f4150724b062bb3">TCP socket used in the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r862658571c574826afa22c8d57cf873a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a80ef6f9f6a014ff78c01158e27b6054c">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a1e0cf808df0049d290da08c9069c7f67">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ae12177cedf434acfbaf1a4a2ca25d42b">Current status of the stream</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ul21061746175419"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li101063466544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b0978168146">UNKNOWN</strong>: The logical connection is unknown.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li1610616468545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b13704179146">READY</strong>: The logical connection is ready.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li610611462541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b151241418111420">RUN</strong>: The logical connection sends packets normally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li210612468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b10427111915146">HOLD</strong>: The logical connection is waiting to send packets.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li161079468542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b6584192071411">CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is closed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__li410764616545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b6640142161419">TO_CLOSED</strong>: The logical connection is to be closed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__rb3efa6f7412d4a2490c63f3f0d6dbebb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__aafa144970e9142d38da089c1b04fd908">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ab247956d85204fedbeeb414884993516">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__afe8d77b495514d18a6d8c1ad16948a5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b84235270616574">debug_query_id</strong> corresponding to the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r9bb58c71344e4be28e5341885c1ad8dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a70c13d237abe4f81842c79acfc04e42b">pn_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a7a915adad42f4e5d88c47238efc7be7b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ab1ea1331495048d6a74ffd6678065ec5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b842352706165755">plan_node_id</strong> of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ra9873c5af8d044d5a228b0036f1b88f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a657d30c4bc424754856110d81be4c53a">send_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a0aba9b242d0c40ec82137dca834f1716">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a0c5522129a074919852d02e1b3f3ace9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b1896152262">smpid</strong> of the sender of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__rc6294a546ef848729bbf11675dfffc69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a749dbf1f2d474fd4b5132d86e5e93259">recv_smp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ade7028f600df4be19e6e91b1d95ad822">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__aa0c9ef1a8d404419b04f2078ac1a7d5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__b565221901212615">smpid</strong> of the receiver of the query executed by the stream</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r8f8c3582e593415bac3b522b55998208"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a5fc89bddc55c4157ae7a164fa476bcc5">send_bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__abd285642993a40298d854c5315bd47f6">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a20615859bdfe4c2e8f02e5363bbc60a1">Total data volume sent by the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r66f483b0f6084944969aa1076cc4b9a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a3d447821b07743afa7467cccd1ff77d1">time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a3890de26668e4b6b8e32d51896b48fd4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ad4532be6d5bf4fd7b72e582c4cc91341">Current life cycle service duration of the stream. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r2ac1b332ca3240abae3356238cb872fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ad7afe6e7684447f386b62cd20ab398f7">speed</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a13f482d2e1e849b289020c5a16467e26">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a695b6ba6501a48acabdaea369dd0dc1d">Average sending rate of the stream. The unit is Byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r17c111cd9fb4488e9f63a53d7b7cdf6b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a462e472e406747d8aac4ec420efccb22">quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a81dd6bb34f2d4974951d7d5563b87b52">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ab068c80f27ab42efad66a6db90e77cad">Current communication quota value of the stream. The unit is Byte.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__r1c76a85581834efe8684bb229d5313c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__aeca3d2b2a21f463cb5263fe5d1a91b06">wait_quota</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.469999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__a10865151d88b48c29ac9c1706eaa9cf3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814762__ad010c5143c1345d6b9d28705369ef70d">Extra time generated when the stream waits the quota value. The unit is ms.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0801.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0801.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be558190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0801.html
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_COMM_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__en-us_topic_0059777924_p189252012879"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b141312544218">PGXC_COMM_STATUS</strong> displays the communication library status for all the DNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__t50fe875331be406db24628ca9342359d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_COMM_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__r2c2837e322134a01be30a914274db0ac"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__adcf063aefece413da87ea178156871e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a633479cf6bbe46d0aa38e87894be13d9">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ad48a6d07cb8c41438efff972064fbfef">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__r63d311b2bbd3472ca2353f6762d9961c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a6d967b2333934a518c1db035e8a5e7d3">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a5237b81069624c67b9c60aa5ba5ae09f">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ac738afae6a3444cf85894209b8a2e632">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__rcc34b716961d406788435dbecb9c93be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ad74e0f3566224386a06f1a3148e08298">rxpck/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a1d049cf25feb4471b503c38982ee7a5a">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a89a1563f76994ae1a545ee4dd422a781">Receiving rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__r327b259513e943b3b7730c33c7e8c1f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a8557e5afdac14132986944839c365d21">txpck/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__a8daaece48c9149b2bf3b6c3052f90570">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ae2c7c7082868459e824cb49c9c6faf9d">Sending rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is byte/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__re72134e8dbe84fd8862c907a774ad94b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p194441341182910">rxkB/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p164459411296">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p1445174113299">Receiving rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is KB/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row32941724154710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p1450471714313">txkB/s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p413191016347">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p154168491294">Sending rate of the communication library on a node. The unit is KB/s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row16174182814477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p05041817183115">buffer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p17714191010345">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p11277165392915">Size of the buffer of the Cmailbox.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row1381841910483"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p13504121713115">memKB(libcomm)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p1623131273420">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p3867356162912">Communication memory size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b1160934914618">libcomm</strong> process, in KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row203308134487"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p850431763114">memKB(libpq)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p2375616173414">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p638701193012">Communication memory size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b20218155615463">libpq</strong> process, in KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row125219231486"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p0504131793113">%USED(PM)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p16955159103010">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p11955199163010">Real-time usage of the postmaster thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row1350031616485"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p1150417176318">%USED (sflow)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p16283105173020">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p628317517303">Real-time usage of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b15434826163410">gs_sender_flow_controller</strong> thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row8209131014489"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p113604596316">%USED (rflow)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p938042917314">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p173805294315">Real-time usage of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b14603532113420">gs_receiver_flow_controller</strong> thread.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row19285191874716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p13609591313">%USED (rloop)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p19207133312317">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__p220723310318">Highest real-time usage among multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__b617110375347">gs_receivers_loop</strong> threads.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__row1050131294714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ac8de0739eb9f4664b07a3beff0e0f6ae">stream</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__ab413cbe0621c4255a042db7673df0d52">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694415__aa6d308ab0437402dba0e5752d80c97cd">Total number of used logical connections.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0802.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0802.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2428216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0802.html
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_DEADLOCK</h1>
+<div id="body0000001127455471"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b1847593143">PGXC_DEADLOCK</strong> displays lock wait information generated due to distributed deadlocks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p101754205920">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b16136143712199">PGXC_DEADLOCK</strong> collects only lock wait information about locks whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b1213733761916">locktype</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b1313773717193">relation</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b1813712378195">partition</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b141381837161914">page</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b19138173701914">tuple</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b15138113711912">transactionid</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__table691619406467" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_DEADLOCK columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row5917440194617"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1091794094612">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p3917440164614">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p2917104024610">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row139171140114617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p18917194094616">locktype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p14917240104614">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p4917140134610">Type of the locked object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row19917740144616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p11917740134616">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p16917144034617">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p789572552810">Name of the node where the locked object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row691704019466"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p10917240154616">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p14917164011468">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p139171940184619">Name of the database where the locked object resides. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b10331654112016">NULL</strong> if the locked object is a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row1391724011467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p11917144018467">nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1491794019465">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p17917134019469">Name of the namespace of the locked object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row159172402465"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p291774018467">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p39171140114610">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p69171240114614">Name of the relation targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b1141161192110">NULL</strong> if the object is not a relation or part of a relation.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row891816406466"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p191844012463">partname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p6918154012461">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p79184402461">Name of the partition targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b155121026162114">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a partition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row10918204010467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p791819401465">page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p2918040104618">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p12918124010463">Number of the page targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b79791652102113">NULL</strong> if the locked object is neither a page nor a tuple.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row159181240124616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p169181340114614">tuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p15918040124618">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p20918154010465">Number of the tuple targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b153281181226">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a tuple.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row89181740174619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p14918140114620">transactionid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p199183406465">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p79188409466">ID of the transaction targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__b654883142218">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row119181740114611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p4918240194611">waitusername</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p59187406468">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p129181840204612">Name of the user who waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row791812408468"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p15918940124610">waitgxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p5918204014611">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p14918134017466">ID of the transaction that waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row209181640174620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p129183408469">waitxactstart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p2091894018466">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p99181140174615">Start time of the transaction that waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row09185404461"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1918174094620">waitqueryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p19918144011460">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p791814019467">Latest query ID of the thread that waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row791814013467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p18919174018463">waitquery</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p159191140114615">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1391917403465">Latest query statement of the thread that waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row20919194018468"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p17919194019462">waitpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1591954014620">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p79196404469">ID of the thread that waits for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row18919940184611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p091914012462">waitmode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p391954094610">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p7919194015468">Mode of the waited lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row192084004616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p7920340154620">holdusername</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p109201240114610">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1892018409466">Name of the user who holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row9173161965711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p19174191945718">holdgxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1717471955718">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p3174119175717">ID of the transaction that holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row4261152312570"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p102613235579">holdxactstart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p15261142315573">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p6261122313574">Start time of the transaction that holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row8401152695710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p2401226195717">holdqueryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p20401426135717">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p2401112611578">Latest query ID of the thread that holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row28081529185717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p580932935715">holdquery</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1480942975719">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p13467149441">Latest query statement of the thread that holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row19763032115711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1676323217574">holdpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p276383265717">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p17763143218574">ID of the thread that holds the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__row20883123916578"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.7017701770177%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p8884039105711">holdmode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.972197219721973%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p1288412397578">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60.32603260326033%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655230__p18884123915578">Mode of the held lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0803.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0803.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0803.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body1529378211887"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p2344191412188"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b1412215128817">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES</strong> displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on tables and the dirty page rate of tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1969101511215">Before running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b84235270618228">VACUUM FULL</strong> to a system catalog with a high dirty page rate, ensure that no user is performing operations it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p14454183952111">You are advised to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b84235270618153">VACUUM FULL</strong> to tables (excluding system catalogs) whose dirty page rate exceeds 30% or run it based on service scenarios.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__t09d8e10f76724678a8f221dd29db736a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__r296db8ff4a4f4195b3fd7d935ac3436d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__aabed0b68691942108b0e3aa157377da7">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__aae8adcb14b634a4793c5c29a8ded37cd">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__a4d5efd63bff341d59af7eb1359385af9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__r4058f6bdc9254911b191aa0e08d7edb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1160011111301">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__ac9c372b991894c798b9fecec1fe03ea8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__aa4d470d9917d4fedbce5cd58c754ce42">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__r9a69c15440fd4b3d86b38804ac7efffd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p155841225203011">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__a6f502ef221ec4b8d8e5393022effc5bd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__a13de41723a05484d86ab3c303d4c522a">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row1596942488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p897184184816">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p89817484814">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1099145484">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__r3b0439badf02493a9fc3a84029209848"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1219664054117">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__a32fd73348caf4482ad7acd39e5abfe13">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__aca413da9e4ea45aba0d8b389dcf956ec">Number of inserted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row204781949282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p194796491814">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p3479124915820">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p204793499820">Number of updated tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row4302327154218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p14386104410421">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p173030279421">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1130472764213">Number of deleted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row174687374424"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p04691337114217">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p20469133724219">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p154709379429">Number of live tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row157104984219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p16874914210">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p179134915423">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p199174924217">Number of dead tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__row14389195612816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1118111812436">page_dirty_rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p1636555125610">numeric(5,2)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p14390856089">Dirty page rate (%) of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__p53681820141514"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__text347221151915">GaussDB(DWS)</span> also provides the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b1720340191017">pgxc_get_stat_dirty_tables(int dirty_percent, int n_tuples)</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b865781710103">pgxc_get_stat_dirty_tables(int dirty_percent, int n_tuples, text schema)</strong> functions to quickly filter out tables whose dirty page rate is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b1778191614111">dirty_percent</strong>, number of dead tuples is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b798413279117">n_tuples</strong>, and schema name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__b170745571112">schema</strong>. For details, see "Functions and Operators &gt; System Administration Functions &gt; Other Functions" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694677__i1125195015165">SQL Syntax</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0804.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0804.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7babfb68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0804.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS</h1>
+<div id="body1598879531554"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p2344191412188"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__b1412215128817">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS</strong> displays information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on partitions of partitioned tables and the dirty page rate of tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p76096278192">The statistics of this view depend on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__b14913820202015">ANALYZE</strong> operation. To obtain the most accurate information, perform the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__b487163215205">ANALYZE</strong> operation on the partitioned table first.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__t6c300cc1797847adae05b4bd400a30a9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_PARTITIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__r7c9f4b37cd894ed68dcbd282fd2464a1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a17658ed8d76e4514bec9f53c7f992505">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__ac476c6793bc34253a8535512e32e902d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__aaf4f7de306a645a58a3cf2237d05fefc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__r30f39bf2a2f8419c9e110e6a9144636f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1160011111301">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a80f401d929a4440cbbd3ad959e86ef5f">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a31b6bede08c24ade99acf8080ea89a00">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row122421650201616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p102431750171615">partid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p172435501160">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p18243135016164">Partition OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__r85f9c397e38641619053419ca445986c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p155841225203011">schename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a8fbd877be523468ba5ee8aead5954c13">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a9f18b3b16ed64428a6b3edf483791408">Schema name of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row1596942488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p897184184816">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p89817484814">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1099145484">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row52907341911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p729019319199">partname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p112908311918">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p182901637194">Partition name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__r3623c123596d4a31b27c3553584057e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1219664054117">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__ae7c6dd96828a454a817cc57962c15202">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__a576dc3a6fb874538a99a995c4c1534b0">Number of inserted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row204781949282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p194796491814">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p3479124915820">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p204793499820">Number of updated tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row4302327154218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p14386104410421">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p173030279421">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1130472764213">Number of deleted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row174687374424"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p04691337114217">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p20469133724219">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p154709379429">Number of live tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row157104984219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p16874914210">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p179134915423">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p199174924217">Number of dead tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__row14389195612816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1118111812436">page_dirty_rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p1636555125610">numeric(5,2)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p14390856089">Dirty page rate (%) of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494541__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0805.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0805.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00f336c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0805.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS</h1>
+<div id="body1547169602820"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__b13464201255510">PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS</strong> displays the data skew on tables in the current database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__t6c300cc1797847adae05b4bd400a30a9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__r7c9f4b37cd894ed68dcbd282fd2464a1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a17658ed8d76e4514bec9f53c7f992505">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__ac476c6793bc34253a8535512e32e902d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__aaf4f7de306a645a58a3cf2237d05fefc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__r30f39bf2a2f8419c9e110e6a9144636f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p1160011111301">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a80f401d929a4440cbbd3ad959e86ef5f">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a31b6bede08c24ade99acf8080ea89a00">Schema name of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__r85f9c397e38641619053419ca445986c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p155841225203011">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a8fbd877be523468ba5ee8aead5954c13">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a9f18b3b16ed64428a6b3edf483791408">Name of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row1596942488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p897184184816">totalsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p89817484814">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p1099145484">Total size of a table, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__r3623c123596d4a31b27c3553584057e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p1219664054117">avgsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__ae7c6dd96828a454a817cc57962c15202">numeric(1000,0)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__a576dc3a6fb874538a99a995c4c1534b0">Average table size (total table size divided by the number of DNs), which is the ideal size of tables distributed on each DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row204781949282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p194796491814">maxratio</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p3479124915820">numeric(4,3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p204793499820">Ratio of the maximum table size on a single DN to the total table size</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row4302327154218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p14386104410421">minratio</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p173030279421">numeric(4,3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p74751749105714">Ratio of the minimum table size on a single DN to the total table size</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row174687374424"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p04691337114217">skewsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p20469133724219">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p872812665817">Table skew rate (the maximum table size on a single DN minus the minimum table size on a single DN)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row157104984219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p16874914210">skewratio</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p179134915423">numeric(4,3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p199174924217">Table skew rate (skew size divided by total table size)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__row14389195612816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p1118111812436">skewstddev</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p1636555125610">numeric(1000,0)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.75%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694391__p14390856089">Standard deviation of table distribution (For two tables of the same size, a larger deviation indicates a more severe skew.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0806.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0806.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60cd6e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0806.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body1562579026932"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p357447144411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__b19411751143511">PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS</strong> displays transaction information on the current GTM.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__table2224431114515" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_GTM_SNAPSHOT_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row11225631204510"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__a33dd43c5ddb64fc9a134cd7ad64b6e20">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__a084d25aedb914a9abe21efe4a1fcb083">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__adca3a22a71944ddc8439997b997ec13b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row422513104516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p922563119457">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p1722517312455">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p195885124814">Minimum ID of the running transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row10225163119451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p1226163184513">xmax</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p92261231114518">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p135881914488">ID of the transaction next to the executed transaction with the maximum ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row32265311452"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p17226183184514">csn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p1622611317456">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p1958851164817">Sequence number of the transaction to be committed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row1622633117451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p12226103114452">oldestxmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p422612304475">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p195881818484">Minimum ID of the executed transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row4226203117450"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p4226231104517">xcnt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p149071546121518">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p958891104810">Number of the running transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__row17227103164519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.15291529152915%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p1522712312456">running_xids</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.441744174417444%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p32275314452">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="53.4053405340534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814482__p158812184815">IDs of the running transactions</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0807.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0807.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a00049f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0807.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814690"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814690"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083295620"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814690__p19202105511588"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814690__b2096455133114">PGXC_INSTANCE_TIME</strong> displays the running time of processes on each node in the cluster and the time consumed in each execution phase. Except the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814690__b1127328113117">node_name</strong> column, the other columns are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0849.html">PV_INSTANCE_TIME</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0808.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0808.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c796103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0808.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134538"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134538"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</h1>
+<div id="body1578646433480"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134538__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134538__b59619385368">PGXC_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</strong> displays the complete Unique SQL statistics of all CN nodes in the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134538__p37342317441">Only the system administrator can access this view. For details about the field, see <a href="dws_04_0690.html">GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0809.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0809.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ac639bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0809.html
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001080817662"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b18635131161720">PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS</strong> displays information about conflicting locks in the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p889741265214">When a lock is waiting for another lock or another lock is waiting for this one, a lock conflict occurs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8621720165911">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b14976716198">PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS</strong> collects only information about locks whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b631015116191">locktype</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b141516130193">relation</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b12183121610190">partition</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b1053661717196">page</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b697020131918">tuple</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b189293220191">transactionid</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__table18928185635412" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_LOCK_CONFLICTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row11928956125419"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p49281956135417">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p39293566542">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8929145613541">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row1592914567548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p18929856195419">locktype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p169291056125416">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p4917140134610">Type of the locked object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row79290568549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p29296564540">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p119291056195414">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p69291556175414">Name of the node where the locked object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row992995612544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p14929556135419">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p159291556205411">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p592985619547">Name of the database where the locked object resides. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b3951173082015">NULL</strong> if the locked object is a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row39299562542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p149291456115411">nspname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1392995665411">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p17917134019469">Name of the namespace of the locked object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row1929256165416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p139291256125416">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1992915568548">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8929185615413">Name of the relation targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b354419342311">NULL</strong> if the object is not a relation or part of a relation.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row159291056125414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p18929656175418">partname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p39291656135410">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1692911560549">Name of the partition targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b6735029102512">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a partition.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row692935620546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1992913564541">page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1692919563549">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p179293561549">Number of the page targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b14186175318262">NULL</strong> if the locked object is neither a page nor a tuple.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row16929155617544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p159291756135412">tuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p6929256125416">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p59291056205413">Number of the tuple targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b1959818204273">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a tuple.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row9929165613548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p59292563547">transactionid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1393095617543">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8930165645414">ID of the transaction targeted by the lock. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b113481823152820">NULL</strong> if the locked object is not a transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row5930956145411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p159301756115411">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1793035612547">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1193011566543">Name of the user who applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row093015616541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1293010567549">gxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p8930956165414">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1793010564548">ID of the transaction that applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row1993045614547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p9930756145418">xactstart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p893010565542">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p79303566543">Start time of the transaction that applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row2930145605412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p89301956155419">queryid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p11930205620543">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p193015561542">Latest query ID of the thread that applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row1593075615411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p17930556205415">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p12930856145415">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p11930056175416">Latest query statement of the thread that applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row18930556115418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1993055695413">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p159301556105417">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p39301956175415">ID of the thread that applies for the lock</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row693055618544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1193013565543">mode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p393055695415">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p20930185615548">Lock mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__row169301656125416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.49204920492049%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p1293013563542">granted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.62216221622162%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__p199301956165417">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.88578857885789%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__ul123958615114"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__li18395264119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b1975465872916">TRUE</strong> if the lock has been held</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__li2034418171110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814857__b14899169143010">FALSE</strong> if the lock is still waiting for another lock</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0810.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0810.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d7715b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0810.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_NODE_ENV</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__en-us_topic_0059778884_p36748217717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__b8423527061683">PGXC_NODE_ENV</strong> displays the environmental variables information about all nodes in a cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__tec1ca5be34124e259d7337fc31c580b6" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_NODE_ENV columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__r0d0e8cad8e6d44e3a364239441e815d5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a33dd43c5ddb64fc9a134cd7ad64b6e20"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a084d25aedb914a9abe21efe4a1fcb083">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__adca3a22a71944ddc8439997b997ec13b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__r9703bf0c07ee46c78fa5423511bcf865"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a3ab5b1f8cfa94091b60b8b3f6eca638d">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a26bca909f27f405f906bdedb2b6a8325">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a4d5ab5ff236a43b8a20d2124d610ca1f">Names of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__raa6177b73f864379adc59063b19f2d2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__acaffa6b80498472c8dcfcdd4dc242e7a">host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a79222ab601564b459a43f0baf4d9aa2c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a929f62e4f7444e7294a31ffa6f1b9dfe">Host names of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__r476015e61fd54dd88fb985b7b9a557fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a110f79702fed4daa810e3bad433ceb92">process</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a6fc6291fc44543c2a83c966d5d1e6086">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a888499915d60406c8ef2635cf4d2c04e">Process IDs of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__rfa9e98c8bc384f8ba09efb33551093b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a5c8236860d61439e8ec7af46bbde69de">port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a0f0174a2af204b45b0e6335437a113b7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__af57e3665a60a47c4aeea75e2782b3266">Port numbers of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__rbfcf0fdf52054fe2b457a59b5f4d4bea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a4f1205857ab04bb39845fb80ad009bea">installpath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__abcf445c1bf814bf3aa67a64b4f74866a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a53b0ff3e0b0449158efa329d2cc8f946">Installation directory of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__rcf5ff91951c74913b57f680d04b2c7b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a5178d3d09dc448bdaaf3b83bd205e58c">datapath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__ab6ccff340fc24264b6db867a6d72b323">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__aeb5c440491f8485ab99a8161a99d5235">Data directory of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__r1146a725e01149ffb903bfe7853ad576"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a46b3696ad6644309b9f834efd881f010">log_directory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__aee00aff8b98e47cc8de66b1f5bf9883a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654654__a7b5d2f9fac8d4a0eb5b0b94a101e2e3c">Log directory of all nodes in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0811.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0811.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef9b8131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0811.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654772"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654772"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083455240"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654772__p1135017184186"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654772__b584392611174">PGXC_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</strong> displays the time when statistics of each node in the cluster are reset. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654772__b83281247187">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0692.html">GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0812.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0812.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87321423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0812.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814625"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814625"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130474699"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814625__p53301342105920"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814625__b97641039776">PGXC_OS_RUN_INFO</strong> displays the OS running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814625__b476511391174">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0850.html">PV_OS_RUN_INFO</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0813.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0813.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3efbc9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0813.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_OS_THREADS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a70455badac974f6fb5e26929b295217b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__b84235270616120">PGXC_OS_THREADS</strong> displays thread status information under all normal nodes in the current cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__t55871704b5be4216a180119fa7e2f7b1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_OS_THREADS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__r8c3dce56444f4d78b5ad193c3de1aa70"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__aea9f946ced724ebf903d802681b38759"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__af5a3173c292a46d6a7d5e9fc3f44ce2a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__ad86bd359098042d0a128b732106694c5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__r9a950bd2b8414f18a299dd9ea3296336"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a25b16ad7d6ce4d1f97149ad2627040b6">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a890aa0ae50014cab873318ee4e295bb4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a99ba9c8bfcbb4e1588c0f876762083fc">All normal node names in the cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__re84c36ba42294ff7aa31c2a6e6096031"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a94df397fc97b43d3931274dd07209cda">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a420882cded7048d0935ee529e37b3bc1">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a2dda6d8664a24e53ae7ac92eb8125862">IDs of running threads among all normal node processes in the current cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__rdfa95b5cffc840c2bf27161a11caf794"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__aa578ed1999ee4cb592a793228d857e7c">lwpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a013805dd43904682b8355affdf75eda7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__aa95fb0e0a80e4df7ae35f550b4fd9b0a">Lightweight thread ID corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__rd798cfda4b474992ab872dc2cc419ebb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a7c9577def29b49a8b370df476a4553f8">thread_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a4d9c2211c97e4e5ebd6f22a678653a83">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__ac5457f44e82c4eb197d3744e04a4f586">Thread name corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__r8ed70472133f442391e70d2dbb87317b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__ade1be16d85074ebf96398149fbb99b78">creation_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__a4b297602cc954f4b819954fc72fe7bb7">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814943__af683cdebcbd142a5856a0cc4df1dd481">Thread creation time corresponding to the PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0814.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0814.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dca3cfe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0814.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__en-us_topic_0059779265_p2800128573"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__b277515231432">PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS</strong> displays the two-phase transactions in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__b852713010443">prepared</strong> phase.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__te3fbf1964d21480e957e2683807ef8a8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__r9dd30b777ed7441793271dae761e438c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.070000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__aef5128cb0a044c90ac46ec782396a48d">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__acd057194675946639661acc00cc00d51">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__aaf9d1724a22c45d7ac32a23b4a6daa73">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__rac2a1a8b3c654b8f84a3ae809291ffaf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.070000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__a01848da1dbb1438faadeb9048137eb3a">pgxc_prepared_xact</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__a9b03c010a2f449ecbce907817018a3c8">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__a61a5f89efdc546d1ade4bd3372e455af">Two-phase transactions in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494633__b842352706162430">prepared</strong> phase</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0815.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0815.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7049ae56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0815.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894623"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894623"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_REDO_STAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130212973"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894623__p8968175013117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894623__b4371405291">PGXC_REDO_STAT</strong> displays statistics on redoing Xlogs of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894623__b537215072917">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0856.html">PV_REDO_STAT</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0816.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0816.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e34ea452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0816.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655134"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655134"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_REL_IOSTAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083167124"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655134__p1674810351631"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655134__b19579151014417">PGXC_REL_IOSTAT</strong> displays statistics on disk read and write of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655134__b858691014418">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0691.html">GS_REL_IOSTAT</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0817.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0817.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c3f153f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0817.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694813"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694813"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130311885"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694813__p1086619327506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694813__b1840615191379">PGXC_REPLICATION_SLOTS</strong> displays the replication information of DNs in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694813__b18626164215199">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0744.html">PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0818.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0818.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..158da9fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0818.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__en-us_topic_0059777718_p84886329712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b84235270616285">PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS</strong> displays information about running transactions on each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in <a href="dws_04_0747.html">PG_RUNNING_XACTS</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__tcc1285157c814a548da2e0b428274a8d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_RUNNING_XACTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ra7276752eed44c579b44da69c2f41035"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ace40d5a4c9394f3ba78e4dd5bd182d22"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ae38ba2e3726840d9b2520dc5921a6f65">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ad9a9ccbabd60494193fec1f1c4d4cc76">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__rc616762cebab4c01a5624cc253539095"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ac7c75e908e6747b4bb883617d7e13536">handle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__aed4573051eb346249d7122c12e6e4561">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a441ee09262b14dfbb2365bc7b9e96484">Handle corresponding to the transaction in GTM</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r313cea209a654057aa5038225193ce16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ad9faa914c9b445edba1ef939a9f13949">gxid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a0a6a67f799ad4c9a949b91f64c408e96">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__abc59bf73c5d74cefa051554926a609f9">Transaction ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r49aaea8056ae41e4961578c072ac111c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a5b758dce896c40d2b582f1a2e2fd804d">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a1e54885d978e4d3da8d9fb01abbc5dab">tinyint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a591a7aade81842acbca14cb3cb0c3621">Transaction status (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b842352706151512">3</strong>: prepared or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b842352706151515">0</strong>: starting)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__rdb2f0bb81c364361859672e7442ceaed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__adc8ce4daa3aa41f1b50e8534d1d1a22c">node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a1b2028224b5e4cdd8bd2da52d3874b59">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__af1dc4d0847de494ca13f61cc0ce88544">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r142e099f0bb74839b05b97f61e46941b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__aab2b8a2f339641eda863248d4498e71c">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__abfdb0bec0713445ea754f5938d825ab8">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a15011d434ce74f5eaf4c09dae0ca9457">Minimum transaction ID <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b84235270610145">xmin</strong> on the node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r3394b16eef52493ba7c7c70536d2d811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a91eb152fe6ec4c0bbcea8c952913568c">vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a2beb1b82f1424b15b80d0f78b0dd52ef"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__text775410292395">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ab7ea51f785fb4267adf05c8791a192de">Whether the current transaction is lazy vacuum</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r66f37f904eba4dd9acfd5c1b71cef09d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__aa0772455171c43f1ae9f36e83fdf218f">timeline</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a15b65e0cf719437d9e95714821a80a1a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a0f64480edfbc4ef087e9f1c6eb93efc7">Number of database restart</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__r2b01e777e23a458c9b0f077ff0baac0f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a901704c639d34ece9830caa01fc9456b">prepare_xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__aef3c20514d0842de8f924eef6dc5cfe7">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a35f001b9e63343ab96a763c4e1acff1a">Transaction ID in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b842352706101757">prepared</strong> state. If the status is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b84235270610179">prepared</strong>, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__b842352706101722">0</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__rca97ffe753e04608ae8397c8619c2f16"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a51ac6d68e65a42408fe6e22c48e61a86">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a7fb5c7025d774228b7fecdfbc5a1e846">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__ab2db9bb7fc7b4683b23d7858e3e8f3be">Thread ID corresponding to the transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__rc58808d7893e485dbcf8ef6eaa138938"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a0a6edeaa036347a296692424241b67af">next_xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.74%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__aee93b48bcb2c487d8095353397378791">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="57.49999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654624__a5b1ab0c15f854a7d9feaece7d122ba71">Transaction ID sent from a CN to a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0819.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0819.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8557c663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0819.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894455"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894455"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_SETTINGS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083615208"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894455__p188103574508"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894455__b19258341245">PGXC_SETTINGS</strong> displays the database running status of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894455__b6925183472412">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0751.html">PG_SETTINGS</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0820.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0820.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a38007c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0820.html
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</h1>
+<div id="body1543482317963"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b19695123224">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</strong> displays information about the query performed by the current user on all the CNs in the current cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__t0b125cfdf0024bfbb02649cae07a45be" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__rebf63823929b4cb8a55bf5436bd1fb28"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a0eab7249f5cb409e8bfbf7054b050053">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a647fe13e210e4946878cb087798148c5">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ad55f85462ff14cf9b3115cc2ea91861a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__row75571432104516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p25581632104518">coorname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p75587322453">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p1372704910507">Name of the CN in the current cluster</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r8c3116f825074e608084670ac5b70a2a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a9b116edff0654771970234c248ede18f">datid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a9b525181d8fb428e9ead1638711bbcd7">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__aebfa8191a7f04d0fad4a7d07ba573eec">OID of the database that the user session connects to in the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r9bf718f20973455691b1d4317b050e1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a339dcd77da9d44ac84a46f34bd3792b3">datname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ab11d18e5f3c6411c8c2a1a92f60877cc">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a72f8906b1b2d464c8b3f16c093f6eee6">Name of the database that the user session connects to in the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r5d0bdfb1ac844b94976256998ef29fa3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a70f60fe3386e4c0aa2c7eb6f46911875">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a31b426cab42e40a6b0165c1daa9eb9ae">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a4aceec31e08f41a88e66706eeaab9936">ID of the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__re8080d88e3624deeb7e6f2072cd78d26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a14d17c6c513e4aa99102c8279d3b63b0">usesysid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a25bbdd2f69564d0b90a3f020220f2c06">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__afd0cab960c5a4760810025c623445744">OID of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r34005b6fd20a438d8c4b95c9750765c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ac19daae36a4a4904926dc196251754a2">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__aabd71c74cfd844e58e015e0698243c8c">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a9838da23292141aea59a57d19544d7c8">Name of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r97db8eecad4748a2aacfcdbd72302fcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a32a8c157fb70409c892df4429f031400">application_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__af27f30dd1f724852890c03aba51118af">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ad0189ff1387246f8b7738ff206f639d5">Name of the application connected to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__rd378398bd1824bd9ae04233e47ac1713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ac181d66b093b4915bcac410e3fa6250a">client_addr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ad2a76237a3424cafa331e16f1b85da32">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a605791179f034b8a9f25ddbb122ac204">IP address of the client connected to the backend. If this column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b3927414183717">null</strong>, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__re047a4263aab4dc39e7d3155d0e8b0b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__aebbc39eaa8f34482847ed83ae107cdf2">client_hostname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a0fbed1b8ddf54acb812557ec945a2ddc">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a8c84f1af82a44c2f9a4836634a9f3275">Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706142331">client_addr</strong>. This column will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706142349">log_hostname</strong> is enabled.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r6c46ff37ed6940839fdc55533e2d439a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p182025232120">client_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p620213232017">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p02031923418">TCP port number that the client uses for communication with this backend, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706105354">-1</strong> if a Unix socket is used</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r45dbe1f4eabf46af996ff7ed5992fca7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__abb3909e7ea1347d28be3179bba30180f">backend_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a20aa9177c3eb4ca6bd2a9541dad4ac5b">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ac73d1ecc34594aa9a0449e36c298b5c1">Startup time of the backend process, that is, the time when the client connects to the server</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r19168a43329c4d3fb96fea94d14aebb7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ae4180a4253dc47e6851d078a61e34495">xact_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a0ac15a41f69b47c384c02e11421312ff">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__aace3ba2ecf694787ad19f9a4584c14fe">Time when the current transaction was started, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b346512134516">NULL</strong> if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0058965573_b842352706143320">query_start</strong> column.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r7d81c20f5e1b45c281dacd6fdaf13d4b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a3e33eb58aa734733893da079582871eb">query_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ae8b5bc2d3730445a9c9c7562dec56af3">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a2b44eb54f7a347edbf142d81a53620aa">Time when the currently active query was started, or time when the last query was started if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706143652">state</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706143657">active</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ree51e24d5d434fd5b9133f73b54acc1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p123781246012">state_change</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ab60f329d604146d48b7a11c04d36d046">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p737818248020">Time for the last status change</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r4d6326ba27eb42a4b3d43da81ce0a396"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a8514533a96d147bdbd8a5acab6afb8f6">waiting</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a62007985fb4a4da4a0cbb78f21294ea8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text2360115415373">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a6643a45e0df04ffa9be7e64e3a4d4caa">If backend is currently waiting for a lock, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b37057018613731">true</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r939b7efd612848888f59b136c9af2e74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__abdd05d2dc6724b768fee46c35347ed86">enqueue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__af97ed5bcdd8b4dccba45a01a2892742c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a7d7c7e9c1311411ea2229e6e20c2c0ab">Queuing status of a statement. Its value can be: <ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ul4564724911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__li15408711105013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b10380153720408">waiting in global queue</strong>: The statement is in the global queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__li0481045175116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b46961240154015">waiting in respool queue</strong>: The statement is in the resource pool queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__li197631850205118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b15846104244016">waiting in ccn queue</strong>: The job is in the CCN queue.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__li1242185143219">Empty or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b236508400">no waiting queue</strong>: The statement is running.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r5bb8f467631340228ec94c56284b233d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a1a358297407f4e4e99649d63d11192f2">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ae58bc6c7ebc34c2ab735858242a76146">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a88c42e9c9db241fbb08b27e3c05ccae7">Overall state of the backend. Its value can be: </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__u22ea175e21e24aa4a9b69b2aa51d24ca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__l558408e2a7c54bd287712e64867eb50a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706143919">active</strong>: The backend is executing a query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__lfede9fcd77e74b55aef4e8a5e0781ed7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706143934">idle</strong>: The backend is waiting for a new client command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__lefa211d536f64bf3bd48b6dd34251da4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b69051320144012">idle in transaction</strong>: The backend is in a transaction, but there is no statement being executed in the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__l8b7410d503d342af9ee381bffebebd81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b231562604012">idle in transaction (aborted)</strong>: The backend is in a transaction, but there are statements failed in the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__laae633cf42f349a79196ebc875c0932e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b84235270615746">fastpath function call</strong>: The backend is executing a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b1110241117412">fast-path</strong> function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__l2909ade615ce40bf8bff29699e7cd21b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b84235270615814">disabled</strong>: This state is reported if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b84235270615825">track_activities</strong> is disabled in this backend.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__note191674411848"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p2167841046">Only system administrators can view the session status of their accounts. The state information of other accounts is empty. For example, after user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706101132">judy</strong> is connected to the database, the state information of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706101213">joe</strong> and the initial user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b0474494445"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b134864913448"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ph11450358151914">dbadmin</span></strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b842352706101222">pgxc_stat_activity</strong> is empty.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__screen199102016171518">SELECT datname, usename, usesysid, state,pid FROM pgxc_stat_activity;</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__screen5189325101515"> datname  | usename | usesysid | state  |       pid
+----------+---------+----------+--------+-----------------
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text91831321465">gaussdb</span> | <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ph88303552208">dbadmin</span>     |       10 |        | 139968752121616
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text8452121374817">gaussdb</span> | <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ph7900300214">dbadmin</span>     |       10 |        | 139968903116560
+ db_tpcds | judy    |    16398 | active | 139968391403280
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text534711239489">gaussdb</span> | <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ph16247619218">dbadmin</span>     |       10 |        | 139968643069712
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text17953333484">gaussdb</span> | <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__ph17293910142111">dbadmin</span>     |       10 |        | 139968680818448
+ <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__text337884684812">gaussdb</span> | joe     |    16390 |        | 139968563377936
+(6 rows)</pre>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r2be3fc6e9de54f9b98eb1f68dbbc920a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a5bd3356a8381483983e64d3acf9f6ee3">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a7dbee4294c0f4c57afe9e2c880ed3c79">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a41710708fa1742c1b07f77ce38846351">Resource pool used by the user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r036b0f643b114c08ba91ea9323b1a3e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a07d1ccc0600d439c8c2d9ff0ec27dd82">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a3d1f5d0257cc4e4fa1d43f56ba016739">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a81eb38f540064a768c81dda2b77d986e">ID of a query</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__r7a78e8a918eb4ac798612e31ddca2b86"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a15a6b17cc75748a9b778090464506f03">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__en-us_topic_0059777972_p16721563586">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__a6b71e992530b4766ade8551f1216fda2">Text of this backend's most recent query If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b9561347144719">state</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b25634710477">active</strong>, this column shows the running query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__row16775213184612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p13120145515310">connection_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.41%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p1412065518316">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="51.65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p1612017551314">A string in JSON format recording the driver type, driver version, driver deployment path, and process owner of the connected database (for details, see <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318">connection_info</a>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__section18960115713514"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p231315471639">Run the following command to view blocked query statements.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__screen1488219431558"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">waiting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p123142471037">Check the working status of the snapshot thread.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__screen930820515517"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">application_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">backend_start</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">state_change</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">application_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'WDRSnapshot'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p143148471539">View the running query statements.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__sa6273ee0e883486893758ef0fe87b3c1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+---------+--------+-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">active</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140298793514752</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">active</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140298718004992</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idle</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140298650908416</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ruby</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idle</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140298625742592</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">active</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140298575406848</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__p12525956739">View the number of session connections that have been used by postgres. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b16570205114144">1</strong> indicates the number of session connections that have been used by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__b1757019515145">postgres</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494475__screen516925520418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGXC_STAT_ACTIVITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATNAME</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'postgres'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0821.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0821.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1be8bd12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0821.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</h1>
+<div id="body1543482317963"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p125907865314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__b37026460104">PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK</strong> displays statistics about page or CU verification failures after all nodes in a cluster are started.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ta0aff93270d8498e893b35d1debbed38" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_STAT_BAD_BLOCK columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__r29f303c6f97648949a165a7de76f003f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ae6ae5cc821e34c2b8ffd138570558a78">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__aadf8b4e75cda4ef9b193b66cc4215117">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ac8755ba035374a0f873af068039a6d84">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__r356bae4400694f36a8832925cead01cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ac92a74a996f04d54bfd1eef8249d21f6">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__a3c09ba6106ee426b8035d42d7912da10">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ab18f9b3ab1b34347b0489743ad9e1d49">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__r1494e61c4fe94b8e934ac1d864a39eba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__a8e38fbf69ba74ae9a6ed7bc2fcee8685">databaseid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__af73d898179064deda24908ad75d9c32c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__aa42443c9a0dc4ac7881abe63f7a0c7e6">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__rf6eb78ecd10d4111b79120ffb3433f59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ace8645e7bc404be5b321d960992dae94">tablespaceid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__a371a1556c014411a87c4171cd9fbcd01">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__a6c9303b168c04f73bd336b7ac1c3c1f6">Tablespace OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ra6d7f32b43964552a3f75ea23b306ecf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__acb4a282e2b294aa9bb43332a3c94e535">relfilenode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__a2df06ed50178466196d3a8823bc3f00b">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__ae9047590f14742eebe2e77ad4af97afb">File object ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__row6986152213412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p5987422114110">forknum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p20987142210415">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p10987122224119">File type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__row2618174220414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p2061844264118">error_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p6618442154112">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p13618742154117">Number of verification failures</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__row15865252134117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p17865175254117">first_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p986595224119">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p88655527415">Time of the first occurrence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__row185381834194118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.532353235323534%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p1753803434119">last_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.012101210121013%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p35388341412">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="55.45554555455545%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655052__p85381034124119">Time of the latest occurrence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0822.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0822.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..009f9a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0822.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814472"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814472"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130397495"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814472__p1476333915517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814472__b831473311285">PGXC_STAT_BGWRITER</strong> displays statistics on the background writer of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814472__b1032043312285">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0760.html">PG_STAT_BGWRITER</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0823.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0823.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcad579a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0823.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694733"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694733"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_STAT_DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083295622"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694733__p1033952795314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694733__b135372495325">PGXC_STAT_DATABASE</strong> displays the database status and statistics of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694733__b554418496322">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0761.html">PG_STAT_DATABASE</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0824.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0824.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09329d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0824.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814982"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814982"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083455242"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814982__p1184813175520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814982__b56591943163910">PGXC_STAT_REPLICATION</strong> displays the log synchronization status of each node in the cluster. All columns except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814982__b116651843143911">node_name</strong> are the same as those in the <a href="dws_04_0767.html">PG_STAT_REPLICATION</a> view. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0825.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0825.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e5764d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0825.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_SQL_COUNT</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427337"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__p14638154012268"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b1498965384910">PGXC_SQL_COUNT</strong> displays the node-level and user-level statistics for the SQL statements of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b137411322155111">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b1797620232518">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b107267282519">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b17428173145117">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b818970142318">MERGE INTO</strong> and DDL, DML, and DCL statements of each CN in a cluster in real time, identifies query types with heavy load, and measures the capability of a cluster or a node to perform a specific type of query. You can calculate QPS based on the quantities and response time of the preceding types of SQL statements at certain time points. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b7142173710354">USER1 SELECT</strong> is counted as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b16143173703520">X1</strong> at T1 and as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b71431337193511">X2</strong> at T2. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b314416376352">SELECT</strong> QPS of the user can be calculated as follows: (X2 – X1)/(T2 – T1). In this way, the system can draw cluster-user-level QPS curve graphs and determine cluster throughput, monitoring changes in the service load of each user. If there are drastic changes, the system can locate the specific statement type (such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b10522103611347">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b189983817341">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b13225539123415">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b03191740123411">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b968562191619">MERGE INTO</strong>). You can also observe QPS curves to determine the time points when problems occur and then locate the problems using other tools. The curves provide a basis for optimizing cluster performance and locating problems.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__p1719518297184">Columns in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b16186131217168">PGXC_SQL_COUNT</strong> view are the same as those in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b6295244160">GS_SQL_COUNT</strong> view. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0695.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814311__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__na909128a9b354a7781d484c708ff5227"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__a9d4f06e8cba641bbbe8861ce81dfaab7">If a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b23084266519">MERGE INTO</strong> statement can be pushed down and a DN receives it, the statement will be counted on the DN and the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b19711640750">mergeinto_count</strong> column will increment by 1. If the pushdown is not allowed, the DN will receive an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b199551531852">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b1034155718510">INSERT</strong> statement. In this case, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b23771410966">update_count</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974664__b17269151314610">insert_count</strong> column will increment by 1.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__aeeb60a58c16848f79a2dcfe785b56827"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b8423527069632">PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> displays all the call layer hierarchy relationship between threads of the SQL statements on all the nodes in a cluster, and the waiting status of the block for each thread, so that you can easily locate the causes of process response failures and similar phenomena.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__aed616384a093490ea1508d2736124e47">The definitions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b84235270692624">PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> view and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b84235270692638">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> view are the same, because the essence of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b84235270692758">PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> view is the query summary result of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b142954172593322">PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS</strong> view on each node in the cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__t51c3e639c4f94d2a8c03a5449b231202" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__rb3388a22a8d84617b1934d703a96bb48"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a00cf06e198b04ec0a2ab5752f35df732"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__ae26a8fa548b046d9bf9f38395afcf5cb">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a939188f449be4ca0902bc5c02e1f3c18">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r14ced6936c574f74899070024c8f01f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__aaad518829c26414aa8a4193212b9da54">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__abb3899822a1c4c3da3d1dafa98360d5c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__abb692c74816e489291ad1eeea5ea0e8c">Current node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r3dba04beb4b34453811b2a2224a1c9fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a88ec64e859af4e20ab67cba390dd3a9b">db_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a097cffba860044a9b4d28a8dffc51899">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__ac97430df1ae641119789927a14ae2deb">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__rcac90176d28745eab6550e879c86db29"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a9bbd6855424841db9a405017767fa853">thread_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a670bbf253e124bbab63955e5a1250728">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a96c7404b5b12417f8bdcacd3fff4fb82">Thread name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r90d6b8de3d17468889e9e5ce914cb233"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__aa1aeb29c0d8f4618b12c67195b868f3b">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a8297ed484fa244a1961328ff837c09c4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a6ac96ddd0cc34b6fa2464178a1970a35">Query ID. It is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b842352706144235">debug_query_id</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r4098305ef1af423da34f1d9e06a95bfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a31bcd1da4eae42d393a279f91bf5dfe5">tid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a024ab03c1aaf4e1780dcbf6105fa94c4">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a05ccd4c61a374f31b09baebda57e204a">Thread ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r21986a58c46d4352b95cbefa787f5526"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a675b4dec184249f0a98e7bf8c42686eb">lwtid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a22d72abcb75d4ffcbb2fc99a0bd6e810">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a82f81f525e2b4b38933aa29f5e80e7fa">Lightweight thread ID of the current thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r077305f6ef4d4132b969aeaf97607a7c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a56094de26d514b739677900f24512187">ptid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a6f1a93636aa5415198840be099a462b3">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a3ca733831713461ea7e651025645643b">Parent thread of the streaming thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r870b6249bf5340279e52cfb0f73f4b27"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a3f2b5ae5341a4c37978ef7a90c1ed70d">tlevel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a9076e618462842828cf1ade09f514f63">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__aad7b74400c8e438c87540b245148658b">Level of the streaming thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__rb3c6f3bcc8ab431a93966cc43e38589c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__ac55e70aae12141e0b3381e42f92064fd">smpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a74890631840642cd8624fcbbc62166e2">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a5ace3a0fca0d4d638c877925d3ad04f4">Concurrent thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__r87da05d3c89d429898145809d9601d69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a59c2284d62e847a8a3959de438277acb">wait_status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a3e55f6f1c07848e29aeb96a0d0bee70e">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a054d51f5b90d4107965ba7cf8fc8d9f8">Waiting status of the current thread. For details about the waiting status, see <a href="dws_04_0783.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655098__t2e88141821ac42158405ff5eea1d7285">Table 2</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__row51493315326"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.93%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__p315012317322">wait_event</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.42%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__p7150203183219">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.650000000000006%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__p8150131183217">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b1969151443712">wait_status</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b996941453718">acquire lock</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b39691144371">acquire lwlock</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b179695147374">wait io</strong>, this column describes the lock, lightweight lock, and I/O information, respectively. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__b10656151613375">wait_status</strong> is not any of the three values, this column is empty.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a861d5596b8a74bcabe85d73b138fed1b">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a5872235d21334bbeb2f3ec19cad74dfe">Assume you run a statement on coordinator1, and no response is returned after a long period of time. In this case, establish another connection to coordinator1 to check the thread status on it.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__s45d9b8adb0c544d2a815b233510271d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_thread_wait_status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thread_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">tid</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lwtid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ptid</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tlevel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smpid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">wait_status</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">wait_event</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------+--------------+----------+-----------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140274089064208</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22579</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__a166d13b3c4dc4eac85adb62428f6d733">Furthermore, you can view the statement working status on each node in the entire cluster. In the following example, no DNs have threads blocked, and there is a huge amount of data to be read, causing slow execution.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974694__s9780eeb12b3c4bba89e9128f763ab31b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_thread_wait_status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thread_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">tid</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lwtid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ptid</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tlevel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smpid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">wait_status</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">wait_event</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------+--------------+----------+-----------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">139902867994384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22735</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">139902838634256</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22970</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22735</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">139902607947536</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22972</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22735</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140632156796688</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22736</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140632030967568</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22974</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22736</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140632081299216</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22975</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22736</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140323627988752</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22737</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140323523131152</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22976</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22737</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">net</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140323548296976</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22978</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22737</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">net</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140103024375568</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22738</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140102919517968</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22979</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22738</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140102969849616</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22980</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22738</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synchronize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coordinator1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20971544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140274089064208</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22579</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__en-us_topic_0059777661_p15685940576"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b385494712468">PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays the memory usage in the cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__t12c8141fdbc947e8a8a2b0f64d40d09a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__r8cf0600efbda4ccb80c521136de543d3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__afbe7fe3528aa4d23a961fb047a3be366"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.94%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__a32766e1c79fc45b5a8bc604d73582551">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.949999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__a37865a77d1a4411998bbb8d0892f7e33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__rb2034c63c26a42878972feee0aaf554d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__a4255c2fdfa3944038f5c53c34b17bcba">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__a048a766f045f42e4908574fc602be1e3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.949999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ad5e40e27d52f4320a2a7479a8d842bee">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__r1d9ae1473ccf4db4bafa076c23fe60dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ab98cfc1427d445ef9f580cc190dbf330">memorytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ae486bb6cf321445aae5d6cb4c378a1d4">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.949999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ab481e8c6703947ae91982c6eab8b06ef">Memory name, which can be set to any of the following values:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ud082426e3d204b30832ab47d1105272d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l744343e707f548779fe0a01c1c9631cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b143114591891148">max_process_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__text119570325491148">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster instance</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l54d40739dd85417a82bd71d280e5e94c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b57498722891148">process_used_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__text105211838191148">GaussDB(DWS)</span> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l1fef9593d68d447185d9a5b5937c98b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b209092765991148">max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l81a19c4416b0430e9030ccab2c69c9dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b86305897691148">dynamic_used_memory</strong>: used dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l60ad02d874ed43df8d4d1b13cb7b5bb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b22235495491148">dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: dynamic peak value of the memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l1c2aa00ac9044aafae2d66831ea8652f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b113375115291148">dynamic_used_shrctx</strong>: maximum dynamic shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l56906e652c224e6a92160f010a13b04f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b172510260891148">dynamic_peak_shrctx</strong>: dynamic peak value of the shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l9d94b32d3d3b4c4fa6f12b0667e28917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b56757470291148">max_shared_memory</strong>: maximum shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__lc568e99a46d14f068d4882de1d1c4c93"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b143250947491148">shared_used_memory</strong>: used shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__le50850c8ac5b4a7d83e16fada7430529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b30355456991148">max_cstore_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l031a9b69d10c4a4ab6d4faecc24e2f90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b163692209191148">cstore_used_memory</strong>: memory used for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__lf95f63ff7b9a4e4e8cacec7114f4a111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b212770043191148">max_sctpcomm_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l8318345879ac493dbbbccc96fcc89d98"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b72392212891148">sctpcomm_used_memory</strong>: memory used for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l123694d5ff594f7085ac387396467353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b102775376891148">sctpcomm_peak_memory</strong>: memory peak of the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__l3c7e36f491cb4d3d886d7edba849511b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b33766360591148">other_used_memory</strong>: other used memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li250633215716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b16164360591148">gpu_max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li1479734419715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b126339498691148">gpu_dynamic_used_memory</strong>: sum of the available GPU memory and temporary GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li205131656574"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b181312914091148">gpu_dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: maximum memory used for GPU</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li617075912714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b3532947291148">pooler_conn_memory</strong>: memory used for pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li1359887886"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b150419447791148">pooler_freeconn_memory</strong>: memory used for idle pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li4264121610817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b213278004491148">storage_compress_memory</strong>: memory used for column-store compression and decompression</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li1141132413812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b158750189091148">udf_reserved_memory</strong>: memory reserved for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b33093895291148">UDF Worker</strong> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__li195031032988"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b66385124991148">mmap_used_memory</strong>: memory used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__b41371223891148">mmap</strong></li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__r15b57ef3d023477086717a18e0b1c9b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.11%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__a18b6455aaa864b5a80648d92d39cd77d">memorymbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.94%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ade18898986564433a8574fc7049d8e02">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.949999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494823__ad792e5fb1c46409f82c8a42b409097dc">Size of the used memory (MB)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0828.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0828.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..477f59c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0828.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body0000001127244789"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p173587536319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__b781933174117">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO</strong> displays the schema space information of all instances in the cluster, providing visibility into the schema space usage of each instance. This view can be queried only on CNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__table1587313721120" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row587317101113"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__afbe7fe3528aa4d23a961fb047a3be366">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__a32766e1c79fc45b5a8bc604d73582551">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__a37865a77d1a4411998bbb8d0892f7e33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row787497121111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p432671020129">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p143261210131217">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p15326171012129">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row1787547171111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p332651091213">schemaid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p732614103123">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1632620101123">Schema OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row118755711117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p432651018120">databasename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1432671091214">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p03261910121211">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row98766714113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p9327111061218">databaseid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p732712100122">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p15327810171215">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row188777741116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1932751011129">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p132713102122">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p4327101018122">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row11877778116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1032761014125">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p15327610161211">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p7327121061212">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row1878379117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1632715104128">usedspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1327510111217">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p153281106123">Size of used space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__row115153018129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p1328191020127">permspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p532811018124">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814620__p11328810121211">Upper limit of the space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0829.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0829.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3dfff8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0829.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE</h1>
+<div id="body0000001127119187"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p173587536319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__b1896016421370">PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE</strong> displays the overall schema space information of the cluster, including the total cluster space, average space of instances, skew ratio, maximum space of a single instance, minimum space of a single instance, and names of the instances with the maximum space and minimum space. It provides visibility into the schema space usage of the entire cluster. This view can be queried only on CNs.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__table1587313721120" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row587317101113"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__afbe7fe3528aa4d23a961fb047a3be366">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__a32766e1c79fc45b5a8bc604d73582551">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__a37865a77d1a4411998bbb8d0892f7e33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row787497121111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p432671020129">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p143261210131217">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p15326171012129">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row118755711117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p432651018120">databasename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p1432671091214">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p03261910121211">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row11877778116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p1032761014125">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p15327610161211">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p7327121061212">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row1878379117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p1632715104128">total_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p1327510111217">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p153281106123">Total cluster space in the current schema</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row115153018129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p1328191020127">avg_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p532811018124">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p11328810121211">Average space of instances in the current schema</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row15559202516135"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p855932517138">skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p5559182541314">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p655962561312">Skew ratio</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__row182701820121317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p22701207131">extend_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p927082017130">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894935__p52704201130">Extended information, including the maximum space of a single instance, minimum space of a single instance, and names of the instances with the maximum sapce and minimum space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0830.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0830.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9898c1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0830.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body1579424728834"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1983063921216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__b20934202710392">PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION</strong> provides transaction information about users on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is valid only when the real-time resource monitoring function is enabled, that is, when <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__ph625603222215">enable_resource_track</span> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__b14735547573">on</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__table1587313721120" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__b169632115413">PGXC_USER_TRANSACTION</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row587317101113"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__afbe7fe3528aa4d23a961fb047a3be366">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__a32766e1c79fc45b5a8bc604d73582551">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__a37865a77d1a4411998bbb8d0892f7e33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row787497121111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p432671020129">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p143261210131217">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p15326171012129">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row1787547171111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p332651091213">usename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p732614103123">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1632620101123">Username</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row118755711117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p432651018120">commit_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1432671091214">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p03261910121211">Number of the commit times</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row98766714113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p9327111061218">rollback_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p732712100122">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p15327810171215">Number of rollbacks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row188777741116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1932751011129">resp_min</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p132713102122">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p4327101018122">Minimum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row11877778116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1032761014125">resp_max</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p15327610161211">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p7327121061212">Maximum response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row1878379117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1632715104128">resp_avg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1327510111217">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p153281106123">Average response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__row115153018129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p1328191020127">resp_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p532811018124">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894955__p11328810121211">Total response time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0831.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0831.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..626f2580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0831.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1562579026932"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p02888151491"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__b19298181319020">PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO</strong> displays information about transaction IDs and OIDs of all nodes in a cluster.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__table118381565499" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_VARIABLE_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row0838195616495"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__a8c27b079c0574b64bf8b671a6925a423">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__a0e69204044f74dfeac860a683cc857b2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__a7f2893faca834a5e9aaf712a4bd4c49b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row583935615493"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p8824359510">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p2485111625110">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p34661427155115">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row18393569491"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p1682414510511">nextOid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p104851816205112">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p17466202755119">OID generated next time for a node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row12839195614918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p9824185125117">nextXid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p144857167517">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p2467182735119">Transaction ID generated next time for a node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row284075674919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p68246595117">oldestXid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p1348510165516">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p4467122775110">Oldest transaction ID for a node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row584085614499"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p282545185111">xidVacLimit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p748611616515">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p2467172715112">Critical point that triggers forcible autovacuum</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row1884019567499"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p18257518515">oldestXidDB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p1248610168513">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p34671127145111">OID of the database that has the minimum <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__b101354531474">datafrozenxid</strong> on a node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row684035611496"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p1882510585118">lastExtendCSNLogpage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p12486816175112">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p546762715511">Number of the last extended csnlog page</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row19328613145014"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p48251559514">startExtendCSNLogpage</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p0486101615515">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p15911578419">Number of the page from which the csnlog extending starts</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row14628918135012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p10825205105112">nextCommitSeqNo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p7486191665110">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p94674271514">CSN generated next time for a node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row4862724115015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p7825355518">latestCompletedXid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p048721619513">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p1046732711518">Latest transaction ID on a node after the transaction commission or rollback</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__row143712033175017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.6022602260226%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p15825255519">startupMaxXid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.001900190019004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p18487151645110">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.3958395839584%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814512__p17467122719517">Last transaction ID before a node is powered off</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0832.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0832.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83b01113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0832.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814481"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814481"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS</h1>
+<div id="body0000001130212975"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814481__p185011203618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814481__b55101212348">PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS</strong> displays statistics on the waiting status and events of each node in the cluster. The content is the same as that displayed in <a href="dws_04_0696.html">GS_WAIT_EVENTS</a>. This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0836.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0836.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d2b3280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0836.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654830"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654830"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654830__p22601654115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654830__b230432212181">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY </strong>displays the operator information of completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Database Manager to query data from a database. Data in the database is cleared every 3 minutes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654830__en-us_topic_0111176229_p8060118">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0565.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ta2c1b3b6469742cd9a313f0843410206">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0837.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0837.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c02d99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0837.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134736"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134736"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134736__p1688113184115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134736__b527410553188">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</strong> displays the operator information of completed jobs executed on CNs. The data in this view is obtained from <a href="dws_04_0565.html">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134736__en-us_topic_0111176230_p8060118">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0565.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814722__ta2c1b3b6469742cd9a313f0843410206">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0838.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0838.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8c1d761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0838.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814651"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814651"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814651__p1847974215418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814651__b859157141913">PGXC_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS</strong> displays the operator information of jobs being executed on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814651__en-us_topic_0111176231_p8060118">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0703.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974908__tf1a716e87ca6430baa99c3fd40179ec4">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS columns</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0839.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0839.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8667736c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0839.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894513"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894513"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body1503457301475"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894513__p12104165315418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894513__b17847121210536">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO</strong> displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. The data in this view is obtained from <a href="dws_04_0566.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894513__p952717173577">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0705.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__tb435fec1dc744bb3872aab277c2a87d8">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0840.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0840.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f3e0b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0840.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494841"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494841"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494841__p198549210427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494841__en-us_topic_0058965665_b842352706152719">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</strong> displays load management information for completed jobs executed on all CNs. This view is used by Data Manager to query data from a database. Data in the database is cleared every 3 minutes. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0705.html">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494841__en-us_topic_0112535434_p8060118">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0705.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134622__tb435fec1dc744bb3872aab277c2a87d8">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0841.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0841.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40ea2ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0841.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494787"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494787"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494787__p1231019115424"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494787__b84235270614758">PGXC_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS</strong> displays load management information about jobs that are being executed on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494787__p13489814113917">This view is accessible only to users with system administrators rights. For details about columns in the view, see <a href="dws_04_0706.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495083__table9446192117461">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0842.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0842.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56c04cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0842.html
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS</h1>
+<div id="body1514010512819"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a583927b00b5f4a118a00be168ddef29b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153435">PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS</strong> displays the status of job executed by the current user on CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b670161713349">enable_dynamic_workload</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b1070151783410">on</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__t8f7de6fd4a6d47f2bc7c78302a13cf4e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_WLM_WORKLOAD_RECORDS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r6baeb1bc9a9849cb84a5bd1e0924feb2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__adbb83d988a344a5dab503e8d7fcd3172">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__aaced9aedd3c04efcbc76871342033dbd">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__ad10e13cf1cf14bc1b1566dea8d575241">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__rca3dd15dea2c4a9d8d264053cb7150f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__ae49d6eb5da344421918141661becefce">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p7880716545">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a3749a39cd19146b89c0f6d03b9313ea5">Name of the CN where the job is executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r84dad36f19e54ff0bf5b80a5e1178e0a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__ac3e0512ca1e2413da8a2e4865439827c">thread_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a19f749d9429345aabd84f2995e8f2e8e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__af27a5ef56801443ab4bf5a7b168df7ba">ID of the backend thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r3d1d17585c154e8882147300d047f44a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a8470aa2529af4dd797d56e8596c23934">processid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p325511312545">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a361a74d3a2bf4414af2291d74f4eea9e">lwpid of a thread</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r8a5584aeb0494205b2f87acb8d63d96c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a9ea22fcb2eaf45ba92968f1cac5789a3">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p163418289544">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a53a51dc004a14defba731bce6b8fe05c">Time when a statement starts to be executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r6771f3822ad34310bc628e820e861fa1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__en-us_topic_0059778622_p119515346513">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__en-us_topic_0059778622_p16967341153">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__en-us_topic_0059778622_p10961634651">Name of the user logging in to the backend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r2007046c9f3a4d6ab8cdcc8811f64e03"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__ab709659275ea46d8bafe12c0401d66ec">memory</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a2980ce9d4cb74e779bd71112bb26f00e">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a6b23251c03c641a485382ae89a7bcd40">Memory required by a statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__rf89de577f5f541c0aa491c1255d374e9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a4ac4aeb8e5c94c588e30c7b09de4e892">active_points</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__aa7e004f1bd1449b3bb04f18683351cca">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a77618960ba6547ac9dbd3776a4a6a71a">Number of resources consumed by a statement in a resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__re7ff037d5ed545c08073f4064404e982"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a4804205b2129459a84935c3f396ea355">max_points</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p1333781619518">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__acb561bb5e7b246b6bed4e7af98e35628">Maximum number of resources in a resource pool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r141c92b48fcc4b1aa5f48c58c5c7c646"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__ae04248c99fbf43bbb69d339b73f80612">priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__aae435d13e0824e1c8563e1576d05cf60">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a60bf981dc1014bbcbaaae55476bb06b1">Priority of a job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__rf998c35ec9974cd3ae50fbfd8494b15f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a65441d654a4046e1a84a9f3f600db3ff">resource_pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a703ab0ecd3534873b09219aa931ac40f">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a9163c2b894e44f2bbb24a9d64eb58f93">Resource pool to which a job belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__rd93732dbb85048d0b8428f5c1415b184"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a849a616e563b4dc3a5e8b6f3520bad54">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__aeb84b31492eb42bebe687ad8c97db4a7">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__abf4599d03d794da78311ce2fc2892650">Job execution status. Its value can be:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p1710487105212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153110">pending</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p5126161315216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153124">running</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p19687125175212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153133">finished</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p594016353528"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153152">aborted</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p763184420521"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b84235270615322">unknown</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__row14781337487"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p9479539480">control_group</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p19299105175418">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p15911194195313">Cgroups used by a job</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__row1696189482"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p10691518134817">enqueue</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p1669218164811">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p196921854817">Queue that a job is in. Its value can be:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p964352311533"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153239">GLOBAL</strong>: global queue</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p1035010343532"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153322">RESPOOL</strong>: resource pool queue</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__p5361540205312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__b842352706153350">ACTIVE</strong>: not in a queue</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__r1dd358c6823441b7bd6cd9b8feefebdf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a26692ef52d194b98b5cbc31fed22edb8">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__abcb747908f81473880d53ffce088d6f5">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.62%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894597__a5ce2f27b361449f6b1fa5ffad33aa803">Statement that is being executed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0843.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0843.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81aea248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0843.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</h1>
+<div id="body1578646433480"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1035203614417">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> displays statistics on the number of SQL statements executed in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b8361036154115">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1837103619410">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b237336134119">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1038336114119">DELETE</strong> statements and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__table15131136684" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b986411514219">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row113836489"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p141413361689">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p17142364810">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p111418361810">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row11141236685"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p61483611813">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p4146364810">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p15142365818">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row18147361784"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p1314536981">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p81416361288">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p1143366810">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row31412361580"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p014636786">select_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p1214436789">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p14156367818">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b356516301421">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row3154361982"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p20151836889">update_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p19151361485">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p51517361987">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1257193374218">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row71533610819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p14151136181">insert_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p31515361086">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p515203620818">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b85531836184215">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row1915193615811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p1415133618810">delete_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p16150361985">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p1015936987">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1512133984216">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row181518361387"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p10159361812">ddl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p2155361588">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p71520361481">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b11653104204216">DDL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row16331121131010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p933721191011">dml_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p234112111101">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p8342021161012">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b146951145144213">DML</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__row11515256105"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p20151325141014">dcl_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p31511825151018">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__p5151925191011">Number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814859__b1787616486424">DCL</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0844.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0844.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body1578646433481"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b851654164315">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> displays statistics on the response time of SQL statements in workload Cgroups on all CNs in a cluster, including the maximum, minimum, average, and total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b125166419435">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b151714416431">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b125183434313">INSERT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b951864144313">DELETE</strong> statements. The unit is microsecond. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__table991091311370" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b18468748104315">PGXC_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1910213113713"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p891011343715">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p391181312379">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p179111813103711">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1854144612412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p35414632410">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p175494612244">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1554194617241">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row291161343720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p2911141393712">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1391131311379">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p291111135377">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row14911713133715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p18907134714148">total_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p139115137375">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p814611507147">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b146457115449">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row865082410399"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1390604718142">max_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p17650424113914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p131451503147">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b145068464414">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1856242117391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p690514715141">min_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1656211214395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1114513507145">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b1450057144413">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row16171519143913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p3904194741411">avg_select_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p5171419163917">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p11144050121415">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b107759104443">SELECT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1241918143919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p119039473146">total_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p542098193912">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p14143115011144">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b717415138448">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1150012153912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p8902194710146">max_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p171509128395">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p15141950151418">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b12337416174415">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row10911121313715"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1488024712145">min_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1791141312378">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p16140650121417">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b5173919104418">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row144016536152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p10401353131513">avg_update_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p14015539159">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p140195315152">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b2030918227448">UPDATE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row2475856181514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p20475155618155">total_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p12475205661512">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p14751356201516">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b219311252446">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row566014591152"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1166015911514">max_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p17660185911513">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p9660195921511">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b16139112864417">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row1482443191619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1282443101615">min_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p2082443161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p2824153201611">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b78261630134413">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row129051116160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p690611115169">avg_insert_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p10906111161614">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p5906201191615">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b102881433164420">INSERT</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row14524448181610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1652510483169">total_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p552514488168">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p45251848101612">Total response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b1778633512443">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row147971351111618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p0798185151610">max_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p179855114162">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p379845171615">Maximum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b6787183834419">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row15464958111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p184641458191612">min_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p1646595816165">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p14465135831620">Minimum response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b155741241184412">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__row092812545162"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p10928135491616">avg_delete_elapse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p159281554121618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__p11928155415169">Average response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694849__b153691441448">DELETE</strong> statements</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0845.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0845.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2eaa5639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0845.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body1577348477711"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__b8825451103317">PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION</strong> provides transaction information about workload Cgroups on all CNs. It is accessible only to users with system administrator rights. This view is valid only when the real-time resource monitoring function is enabled, that is, when <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s9530ecdd2b0d4a98b67b66e32bf8e5d0">enable_resource_track</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__b1234112216585">on</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__table26271533142919" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PGXC_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row0628733162911"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__adac79827fc8b409c9ebdf192fc83c036">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__a3cf907845c3d4bc687d6751797cb63ed">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__a39c3692586c645c58ce0cb75e87e452c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row6977182117116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p11570164015117">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p6570124011115">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p557120401218">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row797911211114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p14571114016110">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1757110403117">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p25719406118">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row189801521116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p15571140115">commit_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p957164018119">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p85716402114">Number of the commit times</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row1198014211918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p557164016113">rollback_counter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1157194013119">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1571940812">Number of rollbacks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row298118211914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p657234020114">resp_min</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p55729404115">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1857219401117">Minimum response time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row89825217111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p8572104018117">resp_max</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1557244011115">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1957215405110">Maximum response time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row1498216214113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p457218404110">resp_avg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p25727402015">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p1057217409111">Average response time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__row89837211114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p9572640714">resp_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p4573154011117">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494981__p8573144012119">Total response time (unit: μs)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0846.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0846.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7919df7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0846.html
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PLAN_TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b15777243389">PLAN_TABLE</strong> displays the plan information collected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b13778174313814">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong>. Plan information is in a session-level life cycle. After the session exits, the data will be deleted. Data is isolated between sessions and between users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__t08b5f3e6ab20415b8c8ca9109f85cdc7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PLAN_TABLE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__r302b32582f0148cc93d0da3e7128ca4f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ac38d91b1c6604d93bb1b24a88db123d4">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a083736062564494f9cf0c4111c0ddb99">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a55295f3bea5941e187e4bc95ab765c87">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ra6cfda86c02141bcb51f94551ef528b8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__aca005315804e40bba18110eda2ebfe79">statement_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__aa7977ca591744841a9a6d649dc10b9e6">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a54b8879239fc4178bda9b4127045bb64">Query tag specified by a user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__r4523d7e407094075867399ff7af49e94"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ae037c0bc63c544fa95ef84b8b2a3845a">plan_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ab87889c05af34539a74677b0a777f5e3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a054e1e87ae424d08acd86cf601386293">ID of a plan to be queried</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__rc97df2a7095c40199e054feb6ec142fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a2cfdc508663242338e0503d80ea23dcb">id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__afbf8dbda2c264daa8d9e51360657f20f">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__adf46339603ee485896433b0b172d30b8">ID of each operator in a generated plan</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__rffb2e3f350a54a0fb28c6d630bb58504"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a9c796cab469247e98b24436b6f0f549d">operation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a7c481c9f58814d8495c098994bfaadcc">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__af74ebb08bd914f53b4e20327d4977184">Operation description of an operator in a plan</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ref4e2b5d127c45e6866169ae825284ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p46189573117">options</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a8cc226474b154fbf9445e0de314b00a2">varchar2(255)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a0251b0f6d45249d793350be5b5842d80">Operation parameters</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__r50c67eda77d8457f9c0ae736f1ed5094"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p561875761112">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__ae39814256e164ba38f276616e3dcc59b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p361913573118">Name of an operated object. It is defined by users, not the object alias used in the query.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__r13aaeab8eb964ef59df1f8b8eabd512a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__aa4b3a4f8008a4f61bb00bff3cad8a19a">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p648441711132">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p56197578112">Object type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__rd1dfa70dbee4466d8712b466b68056f8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a4eed572e53924deda290281396812ca5">object_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p261955741117">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a36cdec356b43478488c57a22dd80bccf">User-defined schema to which an object belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__rc5c5b21bbc884cd3aa4fee5ae4a52cee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p111633243217">projection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__a0213203964464b8b9ce93c5124b0e21b">varchar2(4000)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_p121639223213">Returned column information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__nf3f50ff0bd7f4f17982c72c605254984"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_ul818751562"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__l87ceacf097a745188b0066961d869df4">A valid <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1319618914104">object_type</strong> value consists of a relkind type defined in <a href="dws_04_0578.html">PG_CLASS</a> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1819799151014">TABLE</strong> ordinary table, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b71976961013">INDEX</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b111981291109">SEQUENCE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b2019910971017">VIEW</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b31997941015">FOREIGN TABLE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b02011296104">COMPOSITE TYPE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b11201398103">TOASTVALUE TOAST</strong> table) and the rtekind type used in the plan (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1420220931019">SUBQUERY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b22031921010">JOIN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1720412911105">FUNCTION</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b22065910102">VALUES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b52061297108">CTE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1220712913106">REMOTE_QUERY</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__l2a86f3728d684468b173374709f499df">For RangeTableEntry (RTE), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1913915483117">object_owner</strong> is the object description used in the plan. Non-user-defined objects do not have <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1214015485115">object_owner</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__en-us_topic_0165900117_li12182513620">Information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b84371729123">statement_id</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b24381825128">object_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b143910241218">object_owner</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b19440324124">projection</strong> columns is stored in letter cases specified by users and information in other columns is stored in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__l93fd27283b2d45e78526c3bcee3ba52f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1383611711217">PLAN_TABLE</strong> supports only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b883821731214">SELECT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974574__b1083911178126">DELETE</strong> and does not support other DML operations.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0847.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0847.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e90c7bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0847.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a2ae17fbd1b5d4d839247ca4ff50cac59"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_b4633141255">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> displays the plan information collected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_b26353452510">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong>. Different from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_b14812133317258">PLAN_TABLE</strong> view, the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_b3386174714251">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> stores the plan information collected by all sessions and users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__tf625d8fe4e5d4d0bb97182d881cb1afa" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PLAN_TABLE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__re18463b67cbc47a2baffc69ed201fa60"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a373bd67fc0734f84824d8a74fd5f054b">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__aef25b42d579b4c8da5ce5b9113740112">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a14781199b0714c068b4d3a396ad7d0b1">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r66a2115686d54dc9a0287b8e00db0db2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a03e7c0b6e9964558bbdd082f6ba94017">session_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p929616441417">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a6cc2678f576c4aa9a6562bc70fab71a7">Session that inserts the data. Its value consists of a service thread start timestamp and a service thread ID. Values are constrained by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b39311762296">NOT NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r1a9c8445c1354b51b6b1180a77ed1c21"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a241c64181f8a4b66b951dd8de17ccd96">user_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p192806441143">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__p8441981369">User who inserts the data. Values are constrained by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b2540164073616">NOT NULL</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r0ce04e9cfdff46e0b3de34756b74e136"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a61b64b9ea1ce4abbadb1eb616b897f4f">statement_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a2899d440692c47b2b56da442db5dc596">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a025db2acb95d4bc6a1d780d5f6e499e5">Query tag specified by a user</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__rd8ec1ff3d46b4e5c8bdfe9d7162e72ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ae46a92e3c9f5449e9f341b53898dfd85">plan_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a35f05b48bbd446a2927213ea2db621ab">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ab4edb4e055ea416d8b03f0d0a68573c6">ID of a plan to be queried</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r2ede5f328b984e7a9bf93efeb46540b4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ace838c333b264e9fb838373e3279b7df">id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ac29ebf0b9c0f407cb9ad533b917db328">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ab9fd13bd8b3a4b92b5649973577739eb">Node ID in a plan</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__rca73ad24ec3e404eaa3e502ebb494427"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ae653e11395df4001a82ede0130b91289">operation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a204dd05d1175433289427f6f0425756c">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ae51e81e0661d4cbf8959fce8b2479e64">Operation description</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__rd6bab234ea4442c2b006b154dbadcbb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p46189573117">options</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a587fbadcbe1f4468bbef26a2a1e50702">varchar2(255)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a80f091ac67954bc0936c12f303978efe">Operation parameters</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r30984fa89c1046128897059b5636216e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p561875761112">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a82bdc011bcde43d391f75eef3caa0a57">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p361913573118">Name of an operated object. It is defined by users.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r8f85155e7b6f4ccca93f7c2a4976a33a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__aa17613c696c547b7b7ba558f17f7382d">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p648441711132">varchar2(30)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p56197578112">Object type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__r1fe5ff785d064013a525f07f9fbbe338"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ad1cf02f8a16347638dbed1cf2e08091e">object_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p261955741117">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__abd0765cf573d4a2681765b2e089669ee">User-defined schema to which an object belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__rcdb21e7041ed4ba988e739010bf645b6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p111633243217">projection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__a0c9c5dee91a04ff790aacd171872529d">varchar2(4000)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_p121639223213">Returned column information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__naf475125f5b54038a9c9d5a5016c710a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__u21f5bae6157b4bf6ab2bc0ca0803a059"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_li86021151012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b1527117454365">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> records data of all users and sessions on the current node. Only administrators can access all the data. Common users can view only their own data in the <a href="dws_04_0846.html">PLAN_TABLE</a> view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_li11417471112">Data of inactive (exited) sessions is cleaned from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b12713169175511">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b2726159175517">gs_clean</strong> after being stored in this system catalog for a certain period of time (5 minutes by default). You can also manually run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b186813271583">gs_clean -C</strong> to delete inactive session data from the table..</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__en-us_topic_0166116567_li16959981815">Data is automatically inserted into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b109441142115618">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b49451742155616">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> is executed. Therefore, do not manually insert data into or update data in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b694517424561">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong>. Otherwise, data in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b694694255620">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong> may be disordered. To delete data from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b39959201406">PLAN_TABLE_DATA</strong>, you are advised to use the <a href="dws_04_0846.html">PLAN_TABLE</a> view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__ld8bf530cb8244c3e87afda5ccff9d44d">Information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b1943612494579">statement_id</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b124372494575">object_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b3437184975715">object_owner</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894451__b2438184985716">projection</strong> columns is stored in letter cases specified by users and information in other columns is stored in uppercase.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0848.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0848.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc6c296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0848.html
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_FILE_STAT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__en-us_topic_0059778743_p445714611712">By collecting statistics about the data file I/Os, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__b107941755603">PV_FILE_STAT</strong> displays the I/O performance of the data to detect the performance problems, such as abnormal I/O operations.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__t72926f788b0e4d08bb237d4244d393cd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_FILE_STAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r5db95cae7d8548a7a0efd058080f38a9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a020cfcb008924aa489395e297a10db1c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ace369c538cf743878c15464537006513">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__acb6f8502463a4c3693e2a2c54e2d98eb">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r44ae7cb396e94f92b928775dd5512722"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a131bb68894d54cf0a8aadfbd2a0ea488">filenum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a514fc554929743bc80d104efad23cacb">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ac5dfd60aa7db468bbc835467055130b1">File ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r99fc988b2bb3405a98e5f0801bf05c80"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a161f833601384dcb994b640969f3bda3">dbid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a3c4bad561586468ea8d6305d0c144bf5">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ace4d851ac6364b709006298ff19446a0">Database ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__rbadd7d7c1de1446ea488b10065f2645b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ae77323a679a249009be3d075b157b361">spcid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a6d585bec9c324c2f8ccd9c3535f2da24">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a6d7f2afb882846e6838f20121b5563ea">Tablespace ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r179b3817513a464d872fb1c6b23eac64"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a1ba7c6ace64e4aab96e5a2b62835519f">phyrds</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__acc24176fc9be4c7899775986b0e2568a">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ad3d8e07c776a43daa5beadd79de9c654">Number of times of reading physical files</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__re27f17452e494a77953b87150004160a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ada5348eeec05446688e57a88c4ace5aa">phywrts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ad01ce43c61df4aac8e04f7c8a5c69d82">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ad0fb1b12ce0648dca6f5b89873df5346">Number of times of writing into physical files</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__rbd2b20e31aca41c997c80a83c7c30814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a591515820f8443229b36a1df338c9cfa">phyblkrd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ae659822dd1a94a289d1c6c6d0f3d0d52">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a43972d630be241f3b9f5d0a5d63bd17e">Number of times of reading physical file blocks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r753863f89c1f469bb9c89f77a724c852"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a35f71ac70149492fbbb1b0f97a4d28f0">phyblkwrt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ad62d3d7be3504b328c0d2165e12a9458">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a548af47ea24e4e97ad47a2be1471fb6b">Number of times of writing into physical file blocks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r20abbc859327498894280ee0ae57c509"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a8752d2475c2b4a7bbf1e68fabe6f2b65">readtim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a9b1ae7c8bf0244ca8595e59e53e0545e">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a4bd90127a80c41edb9c4452e6dc3d6f2">Total duration of reading files. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r42cdb105ecc640ad8a8c2d0c18c8c35b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a891c249591f2420bbce42d5eeaf3ea98">writetim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a2164f1e982f346d5b4700ae98cfb5927">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a65a61db43d9b4a0da14418a397aa372e">Total duration of writing files. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ra9675443030d4bbaa9b2f392fb85d68f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ade154c68bf3f4cc99e71ade297d79ce1">avgiotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a9f5f13f2d76f457bbca1e2f4d89dbd89">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a87c12b38a9fe4c8cbad1187300d89c6f">Average duration of reading and writing files. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r467c53bf61fc4b2992c8e8e1350fd63e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a7ad93d5c52b846b1949176b1e247b0a2">lstiotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a28062cee825645dc9826842be9bd80b9">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a369b351b6ccd4f5fbfb02d3161fee854">Duration of the last file reading. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r6ef83a02b4f54f77895042af0254f9d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__af1e25c0753364d599c973b48ec5252c7">miniotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ac99b8cd6562e44878e5c0c4677eb370c">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__a13cbb36d7aae4337bd20884f353dabd5">Minimum duration of reading and writing files. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__r091738ff00a34fca88814d86ca95d3e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__ab28639c57d534f0dadc7a016f9ac4bca">maxiowtm</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__aa1165e7be3c041b9bf1703aba37c3484">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975044__aab6f6b38eea34e6fbe8a97e8f05343d2">Maximum duration of reading and writing files. The unit is microsecond.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0849.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0849.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db6f7731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0849.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_INSTANCE_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body1578645501793"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b43381344184818">PV_INSTANCE_TIME</strong> collects statistics on the running time of processes and the time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__p723818411711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b114410651191447">PV_INSTANCE_TIME</strong> records time consumption information of the current node. The time consumption information is classified into the following types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__ul1238541578"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li18238041371"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b59676408791447">DB_TIME</strong>: effective time spent by jobs in multi-core scenarios</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li2238124110710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b212079145591447">CPU_TIME</strong>: CPU time spent</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li323913411874"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b68424984491447">EXECUTION_TIME</strong>: time spent within executors</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li12391041770"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b14298384091447">PARSE_TIME</strong>: time spent on parsing SQL statements</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li823964111717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b106620954091447">PLAN_TIME</strong>: time spent on generating plans</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li142397411670"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b144674916791447">REWRITE_TIME</strong>: time spent on rewriting SQL statements</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li14239124119712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b3388439591447">PL_EXECUTION_TIME</strong>: execution time of the PL/pgSQL stored procedure</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li6240134119715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b13732666291447">PL_COMPILATION_TIME</strong>: compilation time of the PL/pgSQL stored procedure</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li182401241978"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b15920897491447">NET_SEND_TIME</strong>: time spent on the network</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__li18241174114712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__b145938771691447">DATA_IO_TIME</strong>: I/O time spent</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__t947b70aeb8dc41899efcd91a37edac7e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_INSTANCE_TIME columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__r6233859b9a084b0a8f22d13fe93edc11"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a11d7d9c295414545908f40c0986f70f0">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__ae77eb98157724ebcb45493c89501ce80">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a7a49f4aa3c9644ff996c34428896f7cd">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__r8c620a90a6694b149c9e954866e0066c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a9512779324ea49e58dd4cedbef3a5a3f">stat_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__aa37c2b03fa3f4d2e97bf86da0a72e3b7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__aea307e4ee1f7481ebb1c353352e24c45">Type ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__r7af75441e56d4ff3bdf8dc0f6fd754bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__ab5136f8a92484f80974ae509f3ada9cf">stat_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a0e7017798eef410382fa7da171e1cbb9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__addb6774cbd1948138394a19db0c14757">Running time type name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__rad0d2f719e414786872b3aff49cb59ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a64aabfab6bcd44c6ba03c2e77a53568b">value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__ae268ac67a759442d85ccd640e1bec853">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135014__a973e1182be7f4f65af1fb85267557457">Running time value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0850.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0850.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40412760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0850.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_OS_RUN_INFO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__en-us_topic_0059778713_p4765949376"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__b82133401923">PV_OS_RUN_INFO</strong> displays the running status of the current operating system.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ta7db7ed7e9a5424f85c5e51663a5e70d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_OS_RUN_INFO columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__rd48db6e56408498da32c53be96c1da04"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__aa57ad678b4b542c9956506c74cc32828"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ad6d6589c83644849a7f641cb1760270b">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a7fb6e47c1bdf4427a5c0dad8e688526a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__r46756dc0565547e58263931d7cd68d3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a4a11df68acf94f448c0bc93cef829a89">id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ad18eea3e39464659a5ac3ce7bf8ca71f">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__aae025d16f6c446e5a88eab1819345f43">ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__r268e69aa8eb74daa8a839dbfac9a25d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__af9dd161439cc4f8f9a1a1afa53af4251">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a02d9da34ad5e4bcfb1024a59a15b2836">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ae4c05624d15b45dfa8d28d413de5f9ef">Name of the OS running status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__rc221359765cf4ac09ed64fadff6c1051"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a8d921c10165643128d0462f20ab80f75">value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__aaef5bcfbf0204e5d95102d3fd4c5c938">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a56ea37d7b3924b9c849a8e31ebf1e099">Value of the OS running status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__rb1e4572fe09d4e1895b2ff0c11caf438"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ac4a45dd72556457f82902cae66c70276">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ab72fcebb9584479ebf740d80a92cfaf3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a46a458a6c39744e985eff320cabcac8e">Remarks of the OS running status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__r4589859bb877461197eefb14ff458dae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.43%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__a840bb35de7aa46ad89d0c21b60e00040">cumulative</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.73%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__abc741e1ff70c4ff98f33f2cf6d41f885"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__text1555415332394">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134590__ae2255be36a1a4df6ae42aaa1e2f6f568">Whether the value of the OS running status is cumulative</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0851.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0851.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a9db76b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0851.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_SESSION_MEMORY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__en-us_topic_0059778767_p697016521071"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__b1010151310517">PV_SESSION_MEMORY</strong> displays statistics about memory usage at the session level in the unit of MB, including all the memory allocated to Postgres and Stream threads on DNs for jobs currently executed by users.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__t1c11ade758484724ad81b700b674af66" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_SESSION_MEMORY columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__r6c4495e6c9f748ffa21f1589287cf65b"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__aa57c8efb00b54e749120d51a4d6471d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__ab57b8f3204f34c6b81b4f59b07fea8f9">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__ac0554462f9b74502a3bd78ee9ccb916f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__r3707f4376d2f4fae8e7b4acf35962ac2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a6eb49993b3fc44f8b3fd8d0c330da6f9">sessid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__ab5a62c0e7f0a4ae5b8c212f3d73a22f3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__ae7eef6f582954f0587ad79751e9be0e2">Thread start time and ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__r8b2b2d5235fb4399865dba5e4747297a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a71b472175e224d08aa40817c92c3ace7">init_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a46b242fc4b06402ab91706119f055654">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a34029b7b4d964d6eba36d47ad4fb5f13">Memory allocated to the currently executed task before the task enters the executor, in MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__r7c041885552c4382acb20f9c513f21c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__ae80bd91515c2457585c1b975f357e9ce">used_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__aa18ce83559b64582b648ebf43052805c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a9f6cae195c3e40b28f4d5bea6c9d6ff3">Memory allocated to the currently executed task, in MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__rece542c7ac4d46eb90f68f12d8f41131"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a89589e6509ed49f594365deb9068bc4c">peak_mem</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__a7d4806a37275410298425963dd3cfb7c">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="68.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815074__adc3078caa8a146c6ad15e89622f76c45">Peak memory allocated to the currently executed task, in MB</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p18412029154811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b9712151224819">PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays statistics about thread memory usage by memory context.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p173182221155">The memory context TempSmallContextGroup collects information about all memory contexts whose value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b532911312487">totalsize</strong> column is less than 8192 bytes in the current thread, and the number of the collected memory contexts is recorded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b17329133115487">usedsize</strong> column. Therefore, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b1244633524816">totalsize</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b8446103510487">freesize</strong> columns for TempSmallContextGroup in the view display the corresponding information about all the memory contexts whose value in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b114477356485">totalsize</strong> column is less than 8192 bytes in the current thread, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b194470354486">usedsize</strong> column displays the number of these memory contexts.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p130810510228">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b13671538134819">SELECT * FROM pv_session_memctx_detail (</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i10671163874813">threadid</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b15672183810487">,'');</strong> statement to record information about all memory contexts of a thread into the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i8672113812487">threadid</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i1767303815488">timestamp</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b17673173810487">.log</strong> file in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b166741838124817">/tmp/dumpmem</strong> directory. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i11901146194814">threadid</em> can be obtained from the following table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__t2bde97b57f3e48ed962bce167308eadd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__r9444815debc849e28a5b350bd4a398da"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__a94410bcd7b8f4d8180fd4b74c0e823d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__a9762af5ca4174f1fbd921aca21331dcd">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__af24b3d9df1d94539b2cdd27a35b5a2cd">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__rf0f22dd5f099494094a66330cc39f46a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p84771312518">sessid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p194701375112">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p44751317515">Thread start time+thread ID (string: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i19645154834818">timestamp</em>.<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__i1464614484484">threadid</em>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__rc2da2ce981d44564be5070b20de37c32"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p1847141395111">sesstype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p184711385114">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p74811315119">Thread name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__r217a983d7e464a778ef11cfda08251e4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p1248113125118">contextname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p54819131513">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p348171318516">Name of the memory context</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__rfc5353fde6b7413b834ebd266f694ada"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p9481813145116">level</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p648101325112">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p194912139513">Hierarchy of the memory context</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__r215e062b83464b33b988a4ac4adf5074"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p949113125119">parent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p94931365116">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p144951395114">Name of the parent memory context</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__rb1b0c564463f4b5cbf536faaeb25a227"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p549171315113">totalsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p64911317519">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p14501013135114">Total size of the memory context, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__rc6953ac20d684a1e96a8d017b9134a3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p3509139519">freesize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p8501913115118">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p2050131355118">Total size of released memory in the memory context, in bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__r83b7929006ea45a5a0220f13f1cd6012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.8%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p1450121317516">usedsize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.86%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p15501513165117">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.34%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p251813135118">Size of used memory in the memory context, in bytes. For TempSmallContextGroup, this parameter specifies the number of collected memory contexts.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__section79275336488"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p6849245155012">Query the usage of all MemoryContexts on the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__p68491045205019">Locate the thread in which the MemoryContext is created and used based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b106054272290">sessid</strong>. Check whether the memory usage meets the expectation based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b12605102716296">totalsize</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b116051272297">freesize</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__b56057278292">usedsize </strong>to see whether memory leakage may occur.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814517__screen1925414531235"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PV_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">totalsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">sessid</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">sesstype</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">contextname</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">level</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">totalsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freesize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usedsize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------+------------------------------+-----------+----------+----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139975915622720</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postmaster</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_signal</span><span class="w">                                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">17209904</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">8081136</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">9128768</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667462258</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973631031040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SRF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FunctionScan_139973631031040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1725504</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3168</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1722336</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461280</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973666686720</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">284456</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1188088</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450443</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973877479168</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">356088</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1116456</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667462258</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973631031040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">128216</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1344328</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973915236096</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">226352</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1246192</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974010144512</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WLMarbiter</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">386736</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1085808</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974151726848</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WDRSnapshot</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">159720</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1312824</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974026925824</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WLMmonitor</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">297976</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1174568</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667451036</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973746386688</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">208064</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1264480</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973950891776</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">270016</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1202528</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974076212992</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WLMCalSpaceInfo</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">393952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1078592</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974092994304</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WLMCollectWorker</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">94848</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1377696</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461254</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973971343104</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">338544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1134000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461280</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973822945024</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">284456</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1188088</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974202070784</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JobScheduler</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">216728</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1255816</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450454</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973860697856</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1472544</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">388384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1084160</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139975915622720</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postmaster</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Postmaster</span><span class="w">                                  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1004288</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">88792</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">915496</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667450439</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139974218852096</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AutoVacLauncher</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CacheMemoryContext</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TopMemoryContext</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">948256</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">183488</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">764768</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667461250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973915236096</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TempSmallContextGroup</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">584448</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">148032</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">119</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1667462258</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">139973631031040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TempSmallContextGroup</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">579712</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">162128</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_SESSION_STAT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__en-us_topic_0059778698_p28550286"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__b83879331181">PV_SESSION_STAT</strong> displays session state statistics based on session threads or the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__b1738816331388">AutoVacuum</strong> thread.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__t3f5228afc04c4327ba9d1dd7625797e5" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_SESSION_STAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__rf181b7d5e26a4fcdb912df4a3fd06dc4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a93fd9ddf318a45de86050f0540c7a315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__aff0004eb8fcb4e5bb8b19a9403a1a339">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a8eda3df53c344b0a903317470452061f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__r56cf137b17cd4997b5fc24232b3e9a9f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__aa1bf18d744924473866cef3ca427939a">sessid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a002b345b9a384504aa88d537a989de33">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a8d20227eec4c4acbaa7f09002c83f522">Thread ID and start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__r39e27321492c4241a601ff053885c130"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a0a0b8be0781542958c9eaaa1231e5a1a">statid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a67d3e9f56327474a9c84c46fe4db9564">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a352613c5ec514ac2947a76a3a8d4716c">Statistics ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__r52d66b8d5ea747cfb72050dbdb70cadf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a03820e4469fc45fcb3353ddbc21cd42a">statname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__aff567c2253da4b41844dce7a6297f9ba">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__aa9d7f53c472749bcb4a257fcdbed8be9">Name of the statistics session</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__r25f089537b4147a1a34a1cdd907757b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__af6489c912b6541348e2f9d8f82d055d4">statunit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a6c883700e2574531b80920df19d93345">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__ae3afba310831482483db2194cbbb4f40">Unit of the statistics session</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__r4fba44210f044c5f89f74e3a9f6a77ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a84f5b46b8c004aaab34a027b7eb1161a">value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a17c720bb278b4863a5b9ddab53a1bac2">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974794__a7cab942a592c4825993ed2ba416ab2c9">Value of the statistics session</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0854.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0854.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a16674b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0854.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_SESSION_TIME</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__en-us_topic_0059778463_p186020216812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__b1712216226103">PV_SESSION_TIME</strong> displays statistics about the running time of session threads and time consumed in each execution phase, in microseconds.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__tf3e0d2d17980469c9d623dbd1733b378" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_SESSION_TIME columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__r9278df3f8226429b81989bb5d990c5e9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__af8c6b79539534f1aaacd2627969d0e5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__afbf8fc0a4a024aa7a46e51da11138811">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a35e9ae6e9bd24f89bb7f4bfd59f9c575">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__rb888e80a5e7642d1b916d3880f64c7d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__af4232a4affdf40c49adfb47ada56483b">sessid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a0c4ef33565f6481bb8fd9bbda763d7f3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a73683daa6daa4ad48a03917369ea3e2a">Thread ID and start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__r2031e823549e4f0bb8157b5066b897c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a821391d042674b8e9e43ea292cf8f880">stat_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__ad25997114aab46e6bea5cd2024c4bfc1">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__abf11d784f37e427eac20e99b0d5f8a96">Statistics ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__r3d64ff3f4ce44c36a8734845b94ded14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__adc4f4fd0a7ab414f88f26d4acf47dcbc">stat_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__ad5029723eb194410a319508686c98770">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__ad4d94fb0adab485fa7393d25cab04df3">Running time type name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__r5c2ce3bd9cc4429caffd3982107ab90d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.85%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a48ad5cc559a1433d89b6362818e51314">value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.99%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__ac8841d31914942beb3097ea474ec6a6f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="61.160000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894757__a780b817b1f584ca4be8d30aa3fd59865">Running time value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0855.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0855.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9065afdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0855.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__en-us_topic_0059777855_p31514614815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b84235270619144">PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL</strong> displays statistics about memory usage of the current database node in the unit of MB.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__t3c71f0a667fe4a098971aa87e5a695d7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__rbe4923907f23480e9d9208a1ebd5acda"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__a077f2f94f2d64ab9857104ae50151e6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__a7686619d994147c7903d6bf3b993cd56">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__aef81f6af846d4198ba1c9012629f9735">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__rf0331ca1bc5c4487b0b62912ca594bfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__ab56201e9fff74a229f84c0f52452ccee">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__ae4b1fdb9537a42c880ca528f7189cfe9">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__a69c0aaf40e92459894a7d194bb481dca">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__rcee3a8d5360642168385ac348c805452"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__acdaf19ab925440be95b841ce9d59efe8">memorytype</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__ae2f95e6903cc4ef0b683deaa3a702e36">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__aeb7ba40d88fd44fd8cfde77f8a388880">Memory type. Its value can be:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__u29b5691a46474d3c8c698659b63aa4e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l744343e707f548779fe0a01c1c9631cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b10657612039632">max_process_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__text18364157699632">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster instance</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l54d40739dd85417a82bd71d280e5e94c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b10201984519632">process_used_memory</strong>: memory used by a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__text20945640789632">GaussDB(DWS)</span> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l1fef9593d68d447185d9a5b5937c98b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b11324367739632">max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l81a19c4416b0430e9030ccab2c69c9dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b10578302679632">dynamic_used_memory</strong>: used dynamic memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l60ad02d874ed43df8d4d1b13cb7b5bb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b20806538789632">dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: dynamic peak value of the memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l1c2aa00ac9044aafae2d66831ea8652f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b3905967049632">dynamic_used_shrctx</strong>: maximum dynamic shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l56906e652c224e6a92160f010a13b04f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b2873734949632">dynamic_peak_shrctx</strong>: dynamic peak value of the shared memory context</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l9d94b32d3d3b4c4fa6f12b0667e28917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b3079491499632">max_shared_memory</strong>: maximum shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__lc568e99a46d14f068d4882de1d1c4c93"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b14977437599632">shared_used_memory</strong>: used shared memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__le50850c8ac5b4a7d83e16fada7430529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b3812265169632">max_cstore_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l031a9b69d10c4a4ab6d4faecc24e2f90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b10173549319632">cstore_used_memory</strong>: memory used for column store</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__lf95f63ff7b9a4e4e8cacec7114f4a111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b6961461749632">max_sctpcomm_memory</strong>: maximum memory allowed for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l8318345879ac493dbbbccc96fcc89d98"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b4658220179632">sctpcomm_used_memory</strong>: memory used for the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l123694d5ff594f7085ac387396467353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b16955894829632">sctpcomm_peak_memory</strong>: memory peak of the communication library</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__l3c7e36f491cb4d3d886d7edba849511b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b7364865989632">other_used_memory</strong>: other used memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li250633215716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b8512079829632">gpu_max_dynamic_memory</strong>: maximum GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li1479734419715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b4400370119632">gpu_dynamic_used_memory</strong>: sum of the available GPU memory and temporary GPU memory</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li205131656574"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b3310868139632">gpu_dynamic_peak_memory</strong>: maximum memory used for GPU</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li617075912714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b6028811149632">pooler_conn_memory</strong>: memory used for pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li1359887886"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b10516186769632">pooler_freeconn_memory</strong>: memory used for idle pooler connections</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li4264121610817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b11048937899632">storage_compress_memory</strong>: memory used for column-store compression and decompression</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li1141132413812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b7371507449632">udf_reserved_memory</strong>: memory reserved for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b1300046599632">UDF Worker</strong> process</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__li195031032988"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b12412516399632">mmap_used_memory</strong>: memory used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__b18293018929632">mmap</strong></li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__r3b590d4db34649a68c2435609111effb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__a84fa1760de4c4fb2a79bd4dbd576ebbf">memorymbytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__a455ffd097aba4c7cbf2387626e6892fd">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65.86%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494645__ad4b57d52b5cc4e8baa060fe245ff8024">Size of allocated memory-typed memory</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0856.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0856.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13098894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0856.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PV_REDO_STAT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001083600626"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p1667223961517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__b15212623172413">PV_REDO_STAT</strong> displays statistics on redoing Xlogs on the current node.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__table8521184511351" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PV_REDO_STAT columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row35221545103516"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__ad9db6804c8df40bfac27cba3557ce964">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__ae16ebf8e12f34c7497c611441b6803d2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__a78fd193571e3449494389175eaffb92b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row052224512358"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p5145151531618">phywrts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p31456157168">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p0146201512163">Number of physical writes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row5523194543510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p81461515101619">phyblkwrt</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p114616153168">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p514611155162">Number of physical write blocks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row1352314513518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p17146815121613">writetim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p2146161541619">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p414691516169">Time consumed by physical writes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row1652314516351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p114661551611">avgiotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p131462015121620">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p4146101515162">Average time for each write</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row1152410451351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p8146131581615">lstiotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p1414691516167">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p11479154165">Last write time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row1830252423111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p414716153164">miniotim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p614711152166">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p9147121514162">Minimum write time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__row12166182716315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p12147315171620">maxiowtm</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p4147191561618">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655110__p0147191561612">Maximum write time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0857.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0857.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..229c3c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0857.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">REDACTION_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1579505399912"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b1884493465410">REDACTION_COLUMNS</strong> displays information about all redaction columns in the current database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__table8521184511351" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b9427125875410">REDACTION_COLUMNS</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row35221545103516"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__ad9db6804c8df40bfac27cba3557ce964">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__ae16ebf8e12f34c7497c611441b6803d2">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__a78fd193571e3449494389175eaffb92b">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row052224512358"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1522445153511">object_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p145238455355">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p4523164518357">Owner of the object to be redacted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row5523194543510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p952364511356">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1452364518354">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p13523194553515">Redacted object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row1352314513518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p152344517351">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p165231845183512">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p7523445183512">Redacted column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row1652314516351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1852411452350">function_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1752416458350">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p2524645173514">Redaction type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row1152410451351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1524154510353">function_parameters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p9524154503518">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p11524124520356">Parameter used when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b1881741294613">partial</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row1830252423111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p7302192418317">regexp_pattern</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1230219244319">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p133031524153113">Pattern string when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b1226052965010">regexp</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row12166182716315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p316632712316">regexp_replace_string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p14167122710317">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p716712715319">Replacement string when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b18745195119517">regexp</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row16877029133110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p287732933116">regexp_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1877192973115">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p68781229173110">Start and end replacement positions when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b14793537125311">regexp</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row7315143383117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1931533323112">regexp_occurrence</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p131653315310">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p173168339313">Replacement times when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b18931148175415">regexp</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row12743133814311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p1574353873119">regexp_match_parameter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p16743173811313">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p117431038103114">Regular control parameter used when the redaction type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__b11531507548">regexp</strong> (reserved)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row4603112163318"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p4603612193311">function_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p16603412183318">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p460381253319">Redaction function information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__row10117736103116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p5118153614315">column_description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p411843673114">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974650__p6118113683118">Description of the redacted column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0858.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0858.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04c0651c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0858.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">REDACTION_POLICIES</h1>
+<div id="body1579505399912"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__b19542452524">REDACTION_POLICIES</strong> displays information about all redaction objects in the current database.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__table058212388358" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__b860731619312">REDACTION_POLICIES</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row558213385358"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__a8baee466546f42a8baaa39a1b8439a67">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__ae0e4e9a86ed54a91b07b9a5b94cd1882">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__ac36ef8332b1d43cdb90651ab8392b7a4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row558315389358"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p3583638193514">object_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p155831738103515">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p458393893517">Owner of the object to be redacted.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row165831338143510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p10583163813515">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p1158319389359">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p258323863510">Redacted object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row75833386351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p1358413818358">policy_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p058483814359">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p125843381356">Name of the redact policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row18584123893518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p45841038173514">expression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p558423893511">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p185841238123510">Policy effective expression (for users)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row1094583014305"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p1894673083019">enable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p594653018303">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p11946530183010">Policy status (enabled or disabled)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__row2551334143018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p1555243418304">policy_description</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p1455373414308">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894569__p125533341300">Description of a policy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0859.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0859.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d876f720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0859.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_COL_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body1553499878099"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__p11796121252712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__b253812485314">USER_COL_COMMENTS</strong> displays the column comments of the table accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__tcfefa028af554d4390f3016323920af3" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_COL_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__r639f303903af4f5fb20313920b31beb2"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a8baee466546f42a8baaa39a1b8439a67">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__ae0e4e9a86ed54a91b07b9a5b94cd1882">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__ac36ef8332b1d43cdb90651ab8392b7a4">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__r536124c92bc14042a1cf7a481755524f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a6b980d32bb37453897ff47f68e2d4e16">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a3814e6ba6c19452b82d66a33e69b69ed">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a31dd5f7a7dcc4790aa17f1aea94a4fc4">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__r0025089641544f36a3ccc4e2b6787fdf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a2d525984237e42fda8c6fad86130a685">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a5e9ebaa59833469183d829ae5d466fc1">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a73bc75cb8a4c4d6985352b733fc55e29">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__rd38824cfb0764283b3e8a21553795a11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__ac9af91d5672a49ac808b95ed506bbad9">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a85f22019258d43d6b083d86a61f54f7c">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__acb016e34a687409094051576febe08a7">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__r26a49d61daed4c17825471f4b719ada7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a22c5153af50c42258c1cb429104a105c">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.080000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__abf6994a922fc4c639edebab919ec6752">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134796__a998e7c628efa4344a8e02188088be935">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0860.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0860.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52b552c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0860.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_CONSTRAINTS</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p819572174514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__b108311546201219">USER_CONSTRAINTS</strong> displays the table constraint information accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__table2019514234513" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_CONSTRAINTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row519610211455"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p619610274515">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p519620214517">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p219611214455">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row1919618214458"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p1719612220451">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p01968234517">vcharacter varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p640312320473">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row219610217451"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p1528611044720">constraint_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p2019616214519">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p19641255194710">Constraint type</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__ul194091230115020"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__li17409130165014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__b13823916153515">C</strong>: Check constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__li1540933025012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__b751171953514">F</strong>: Foreign key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__li10409193005017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__b10585121143517">P</strong>: Primary key constraint</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__li4409183055018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__b365962323514">U</strong>: Unique constraint</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row121965215453"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p819716264514">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p2055164091615">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p71972211451">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row10197528456"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p195782422162">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p135866421168">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p186404424817">Owner of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__row1249124174914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p11249841495">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p1041814417161">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.26%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694367__p9249124144911">Name of constraint-related index (only for the unique constraint and primary key constraint)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0861.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0861.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..373e661c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0861.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_CONS_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p25481042124913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__b616173014019">USER_CONSTRAINTS</strong> displays the information about constraint columns of the tables accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__table205485425499" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_CONS_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__row8548164212493"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p8548642124918">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p155481342204918">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p054813426494">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__row25498420491"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p125491742144919">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p625013215394">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p25491942144912">Name of constraint-related table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__row954944211492"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p354920423495">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p42851235203919">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p5549114210494">Name of constraint-related column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__row115496428490"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p10549114211498">constraint_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p34747382395">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p854904224913">Constraint name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__row8549742164911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p054919427492">position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p1846315459396">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="54.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894475__p14549164210498">Position of the column in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0862.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0862.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8da2d0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0862.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__en-us_topic_0059778991_p6717169885"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__b9998171211139">USER_INDEXES</strong> displays index information in the current schema.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__t13145e74d6b641c78a220cb9f52dad68" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__r88b76865dba8497cba67adf5629ec920"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__a3775de9f321c462d93feec3757df1086"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__ad96735ca2ecc48b897fb331e99cd0e81">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__a706d3cb43a2b46c2b730228deedd1094">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__rb7286cb52f2f41e0bc5a690d1a0e50e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__a9ac2f5760ceb44b59d4d66073a311d44">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__af9f062f744ad40a98fa736730736822f">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__af9ea9d2f953e423b8b7166577e8817b4">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__r6047a53b7b884f538021b498f45b7e2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__a00721347cc6d44d683f20dc413b5b00d">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__a131a73a41e4347819bc8bc3ba7efabcf">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__ac30d3e68ab584706891ff74721a849a4">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__row484102593916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p48418257398">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p1284025133910">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p148416251399">Table name for the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__row151643307393"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p3164123017396">uniqueness</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p51641730153920">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p12165330123911">Whether the index is a unique index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__row1679083418396"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p117901734183913">generated</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p9790734113911">character varying(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p16790143493918">Whether the index name is generated by the system</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__row477812387391"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p37781038173918">partitioned</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p187789388394">character(3)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894995__p10778538143914">Whether the index has the property of the partition table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0863.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0863.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d395ee09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0863.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_IND_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1367017521939"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__b17837429248">USER_IND_COLUMNS</strong> displays column information about all indexes accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__table1670155214310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_IND_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row6670135213310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p56701952933">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p14670352831">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p18670145211311">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row1367016522034"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p567113521531">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p10359182265618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p36311248181513">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row1618460111619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1718510091611">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p482012515618">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1118516011613">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row64384516168"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p3438195131615">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p54235284563">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1043811571618">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row133891101165"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p7389151014164">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p74211933125617">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p238991011617">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row86981315201616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p369811519165">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p5698191541613">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p7699161519161">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__row73332417566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1133172412564">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p8319174135614">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494705__p1334162416567">Position of column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0864.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0864.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c23ce27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0864.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p1596624973610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__b19229234287">USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS </strong>displays information about the function-based expression index accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__table18966104953618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row596614916362"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p169661749183617">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p169661449103617">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p39661549143618">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row199661949183619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p16966104915369">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p45609517412">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p1396718496369">Index owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row8967249143619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p18967154915367">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p18981179415">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p196774913367">Index name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row169671849113619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p17967149143618">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p11663410545">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p796714498362">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row1967174933614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p1967194943613">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p63673125418">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p5967104919364">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row89671349143615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p18967194933611">column_expression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p13967124973613">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p1196734923616">Function-based index expression of a specified column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__row109671849203619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p16967349173610">column_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p174021020245">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.339999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974636__p69671149173617">Position of column in the index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0865.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0865.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5718d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0865.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_IND_PARTITIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__en-us_topic_0059778927_p158811112780"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__b6968738168">USER_IND_PARTITIONS</strong> displays information about index partitions accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__t4cc096ea835e4a009f27001ce83d2267" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_IND_PARTITIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__rd2375fafa9ff4e6995d9d03c1a36618a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__aff9fcc75448943d686ac942366271b2c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a0b51da54d1354cdf85b23e7124081c05">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a20dbbb5662174698a8795ef0c62c95c1">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r4bf4d823484645f6bee23971ab93cc7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a75b1352d0e09449085daeda68ae3ccb9">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a31a10da360ea41a7b1fcb2eec46039fd">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a8ad3627562f14c82afb0866ee9440c93">Name of the owner of the partitioned table index to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r9fe8d920315e45639ba3192ae9c5c0ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ae1e097457a754172ae3b930e39afa10b">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a0d7cb4c0c5b14c5e829571c77fc4b5ba">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ae8fcc92260ff4f4b891aa6903a97e1ca">Schema of the partitioned table index to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r98e09b325b2c4d2a99075930f177d636"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a79c6288af8ca4464b5670037f6cf681e">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a47d4cae26195434ab5e7a1d478208d6e">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a9747e4f44576438ea14e186c52c01eec">Name of the partitioned table index to which the index partition belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r07cdb1c77ebf40148f25471be6a498db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a430c0b9fe04f4f57b7bd26c981164e6c">partition_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a8fc5164e37fc4dd3b368f06dfdc3354f">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ac48c3eb1cae245c8874ad67aae015e4a">Name of the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r0f2149334a544b8f89a7dc29d6f2c017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__afd332fc7c9ab418bb26ba003f3bb5a99">index_partition_usable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a44334041fe9849b89a51697049f93c49"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__text97107360391">boolean</span></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a25b6c7be42c748da8bf050affedead9e">Whether the index partition is available</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__r7a7b15071980460b895eaa17e07c30fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a60c8e9e3e5a14c7b90bf94dd0918f9c6">high_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ac6174dc0796e494e892562dcd71be677">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a61f6f4cea8c446f599c914e87febf0fc">Upper limit of the partition corresponding to the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ra4d99ac0bd1a43ca96a29650f7253b27"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a4fa2de7ba7034f7182a83a66ee1355fb">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.689999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__ad7000325c3944c9ba4eebfc3de096db3">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694875__a76e4626842af4f0e9be2ed2244abd0f1">Name of the tablespace of the index partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0866.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0866.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be659d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0866.html
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_JOBS</h1>
+<div id="body1497258810207"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a06b755960e3942969a649fd0ef0d522d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b761291012192">USER_JOBS</strong> displays all jobs owned by the user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__t2dc216069c21479ea4abdcdc67e91bf1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_JOBS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r39ba4fc2e9034c5994bb4ab21446dccf"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p179601085518">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p15960185511">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p3960085517">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r86eb661ccc8b44c5b475e265b8d64d0a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a52020eda0bb44d6d977dca6b0b36a26a">job</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a366f98f6a8dc4ae194918f8b951d4ba3">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p165310431514">Job ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r25fc69f7a5944eeaa82fa3f3019af18d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p196532437518">log_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p86538435512">name not null</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a25301cfd8d724ec29a05dce4aaf4d1c7">User name of the job creator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r8b5d77ed861542f2be81065b65cfcdc9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p146539431511">priv_user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__aeecd21359b884afa812ae378dc1adab9">name not null</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p465434345113">User name of the job executor</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__re834e79d5e0b4d9195abf906af435aba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a420be009caad417d958187c4cd27c02d">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a37f85d9461c24fdaa35b8b6d57f40b69">name not null</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a7093ca03edf646e6a57503453b494488">Database in which the job is created</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r737e991121e2496196498d1f141e9996"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p16546436511">start_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__ae6179a53338b4b0ca55c2fe02d297259">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a64136a17be344269a7b3a4a5a5615422">Job start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r7fdc536ffcd3448f8fa99d0dfbdad3bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__adde19c4c8c6647c2ad2cd739b951ecd6">start_suc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a51261a5fa85741bdb4ff9237a1540528">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a5635e3c39f3a42a682ff66f3fd26ec38">Start time of the successful job execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__ra30914bcb1fa46b8908092977022569e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p166562434518">last_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a6d1f52b3f0f944cfaed650d8647f56ac">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a5534eeb893984f1e893e8a604a5c1ace">Start time of the last job execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r11ca7a2d7bca4d5cb20247cb504b579e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p26561438510">last_suc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__ab30ad75ec618454da21a682ce3b2877a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a37a38af9f7644a25806f272c473e927a">Start time of the last successful job execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r2a2f3a304ca04c72aedc5fa6db608baa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a15ce3f3e4c384409a9341e5e597d0a75">this_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a43231f3c207e4f5fb91d6f923f5a55f3">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a65edfab486b54f98abac54ac015d7242">Start time of the ongoing job execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r6301b722b30f46c2a5af7d0e211c3a11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p166583432511">this suc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a39012e7f782348cea444a320dd29a149">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__en-us_topic_0062529104_p36582439517">Same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b842352706153825">THIS_DATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r9bf6d7db20494cdd8ea1fa3bb9af4787"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a97d49465c5784b6b81a2d1f3d8c7d79b">next_date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__ae3f5f06bf53b4197a099e9734a22993c">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a78dc0271c2f04300ba22d12aeb6673e6">Schedule time of the next job execution</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__rceb69506381b4eba8487559b7e6a707f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__ad5fd50134f444bf79cd53701399cf35e">next suc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a9031191dd73e45f0b4e1e2304862324d">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__afcc37d85676f43d48e54e0d99bcf67c7">Same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b842352706153154">next_date</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__rc3c26977e13945b8b99053abf171f0ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a44a0f78b39c64e97aad7a6287d56cb2e">broken</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__af84c888ba9594c7b90453dd0630b3124">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a3b0ab58212f44cca95941386433819f5">Task status</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__p13808121611211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b148591639175816">Y</strong>: the system does not try to execute the task.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__p4948256127"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b151520613598">N</strong>: the system attempts to execute the task.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r29634e0f738f40d69e8266eab6501edc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__aa7ba0879970f4ee7af412521326204ea">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a5c974f5eebb841f7a809adefdba4cc52">char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a53dfe714b94b49d7823ceb246000fc59">Status of the current job. The value range is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b84235270614429">'r', 's', 'f', 'd'</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b842352706173734">'s'</strong>. The indications are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__uee8972f3adab4e5ba35c02b16202e84a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__lf933562aaae54f02bddc1786fef6bfab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b5267121193714">r</strong>: running</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__l062b074dff1c4ed282d31f937f9bbb39"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b583172416378">s</strong>: finished</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__l9dd0e70d302246589369e6f63a3fa3fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b16594182616376">f</strong>: failed</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__l34e1240ac6df4da8967c121c41af894e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b79023053717">d</strong>: aborted</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r8c4a7b0b4f8547048b130dbdc9264356"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__aa9dbaf82a7254051b4c5ddcf4670764c">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a8697ffd8824e459495a9022401d708dd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a5a2645c42a75437aa0d1719654618df7">Time expression used to calculate the next execution time. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__b842352706153444">null</strong>, the job will be executed once only.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__r0a94dd2b4bb7476d96a5506abd1a5b53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__af0f029513cba44d9b9c447cbf4753e44">failures</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__aa6c936f81c914ecba00ad6fabd9c7504">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a9f1036f065da46bda5621b58ee972662">Number of times the job has started and failed. If a job fails to be executed for 16 consecutive times, no more attempt will be made on it.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__rf50377a720a14ca5a64c048b03276755"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.96%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a8ddd740d6bce44649403bc02eea73530">what</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.49%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a8f2480e8a2ac471e9c6cb44004a27c67">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.55%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694533__a0ecb64c812104bea9836df506d3a8d7c">Body of the PL/SQL blocks or anonymous clock that the job executes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0867.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0867.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9d78471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0867.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_OBJECTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__en-us_topic_0059778431_p923851913816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__b8516348131920">USER_OBJECTS</strong> displays all database objects accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__te1e667e8c8c6498fbdf9d370cacffe31" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_OBJECTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__ra1c623ac10304c5e987833c6bcd610c7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a64d06b4ba8e2494b8602ae31db3cc8e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__af0e9683016a64615bfc909428578ddbb">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__af1afcac69266422eb43701379fd7767d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__rc70d1fdca7e744ada5216d6176f14c73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a07feaf697e1046feb2a3da1236422d24">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__ac1a338c60c4a43a5b5c5e36bf9514bb2">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a21dfed204e674b79b444ddbb3e04aa11">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__rb996f6f851be483eb1b242d91683e0c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a94ab4b3d4caf4b6da54938d9e75ac100">object_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__adc52ef61d38742b5ab909a142673b38a">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__aa2442b07b74341bab77c607faa73656b">OID of the object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__ref7846f48b3d4ea986e325ae8c857418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__ac5c67d949dc14ab580d5fdc346debf3d">object_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a9d420ec8b2ba4103aae95225f1492253">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__aec1384fccb56490a9711ced650c2412d">Type of the object (<strong>TABLE</strong>, <strong>INDEX</strong>, <strong>SEQUENCE</strong>, or <strong>VIEW</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__r310746c11bd845abacfe176217261059"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a14dea97adffa4059a0b91156da3894e1">namespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__add5c552d8b864563bec5141a31deb413">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__a1c6abfc6eef844e4887cb0b5a1d3f02d">Namespace that the object belongs to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__row9383319479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p738331471">created</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p3312337475">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p5314339477">Object creation time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__row0961147161019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p99644721016">last_ddl_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.29%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p396134741017">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.940000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p49694712103">The last time when an object was modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__note930754111116"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__p030714111114">For details about the value ranges of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__b3824333260">last_ddl_time</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814763__b38255331612">last_ddl_time</strong>, see <a href="dws_04_0601.html">PG_OBJECT</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0868.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0868.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3613872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0868.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_PART_INDEXES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a0156158140244089934872cc6bdba282"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__b191111844182116">USER_PART_INDEXES</strong> displays information about partitioned table indexes accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__t075a0e4dcd354181a4f777a7dc4bcb19" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_PART_INDEXES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__r06ced7fd33d145888331f68337dc212c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a2afaccebb5f442159cf24ea3cd7e1d3c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__ae476ab1009a94c398a50d46471bc06e9">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__af0e19e725241423f8a3b1dd61a15a124">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__re86d3ea6eba2474a825504d9fd369535"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a52257200d266461c9b5c49bf37cb5888">index_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a528b179afec34d3ebf15c45a3f73905e">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__aad471c2e3c06417791dfc486439f379c">Name of the owner of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__r941941b14ac5452e95256087f992a93d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__ae5876fb56bba49bf95df73616e984738">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a5ef6cc2e777642d2af99d30c2ca71845">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a5bba57b1bfdd4aa2a951ffe40ea9fde3">Schema of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__r0e5dcb2cf834412a9de29a10fcf5c7d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a1f81e131202a4c5d97fb81b59c88c409">index_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a9f2640ca0e10444c8853553f6ea44c96">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a667da345980140adaf7cb14e11d3cfb5">Name of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__rfe9dfe6308b74c269508e5733c7f811c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__ad3f18f90ab6b42abb6c5402726f895a3">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a5f56e837de254c1abc5c14be641de6d7">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a3fe133adcf904bef9f5d2a21aeba0c26">Name of the partitioned table to which the partitioned table index belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__r2d1974e977a14f1b8306c78713c28ed8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a120b74b790dc4eeb95a73c10626079b8">partitioning_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a4ec0880013e64a6ca017bd34173682d0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a7bc421bdcca7477cb7860c2454a16150">Partition policy of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__rd3f692c1795f4b5499a45de03ff51ec2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a5c5c1679f3c74e229b4b30f276fb10a7">partition_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a27b558b20270411daa287026a458e972">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a5151c9079fdf471cb56e09360f4fa3ad">Number of index partitions of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__ra3ce55aca7f1446f9f127ab92faa54ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a02e4e33eb3914ef6ae0e234bbef0cf0c">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a110ebf1845c0462bae56945658055ad5">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a6e6d8656953d43ee9b0296f0115261cd">Name of the tablespace of the partitioned table index</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__r59e0f7ace6c04a8d8faeddd6f0445fb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.83%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__adf62131c10d5456a9feba49310c51f6e">partitioning_key_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.409999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__aea36685e66234ef79f43a8ee132cfeaf">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.760000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814939__a27cebe7212ef481f9164dd4a05b63920">Number of partition keys of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0869.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0869.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c21b9d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0869.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_PART_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__ab284f50ede16477792525a9107ac2ad7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__b5623172861312">USER_PART_TABLES</strong> displays information about partitioned tables accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__t6d2658b2f5654a8cb546f02038db3893" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_PART_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__rb82a54f5d7584630b82612dd98bfcee5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__aa8107518d68e433a96c4c2faa51598f0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a451fc4461cc64cdeadbb37471bcead11">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__ae85984ec63a4406f86d4c80ac673e99f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r9e8365e61df1478ba0f1d563ee7779ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a9767199c20f4453aa990bd7f5f4bb32c">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a52dcd674263b4da584141826ed0d56ed">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a1893b5d3cbb748aab0ef132052de3b0a">Name of the owner of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__rebb66685fc9a4234ab7c0d364ec6a577"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__aceb4593f86bf45d690bc01cedcf11449">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a1e22a86e9f884e6aa93f01ae531d1d06">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a4122cb805548488d9c8ae5ad27f4a917">Schema of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r9063446d53a240ed87632a82d902528c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__ae1541fe7b4d04804acdaee9739fc4a36">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a72a035d8a340419b8599e29284870f07">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a790ef8d67bc0439ab931259695bc87ef">Name of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r5633809a91e84a4d9290748ea9e4e18f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__aa22126d9ef264005a7803c636d5563c6">partitioning_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a97699d7756a24f078d53987abf6623b7">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__aee5a69bfeafd46e5b4b7fd8ea95dccce">Partition policy of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r2069db87cb51499e86c4358adf1a86dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a1f76f0e63a9c4f868ad0fbfa28078966">partition_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a33a89a40e5014104be6117907878cfda">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a92379eecfe844522a7c3a0d8e22e63a9">Number of partitions of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r3444fc092a53478881865050a21a5470"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a878a3f1e07c7423a88276a3e7a47fc9a">def_tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__aede4f2caaf6f49a6820180ff94f2eee5">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a491fc48c87334062a6c28dc5390b80fa">Name of the tablespace of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__r64261e422f3d4babae9df032d5c64b4d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.39%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a64e28adf676c4055828cd67e3d03c0a2">partitioning_key_count</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.37%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a891336f2fcfc411b94871aa730f156dd">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814379__a5bc1847d919a459ea873bb1c6c1dcc7f">Number of partition keys of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0870.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0870.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55ec0d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0870.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_PROCEDURES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a38e79ab6e70846cab8be28873f29699b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__b15503195616245">USER_PROCEDURES</strong> displays information about all stored procedures and functions in the current schema.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__t2c8aea043b8f4d4da4c99bf83c62a12a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_PROCEDURES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__r1b50467abb0b45d8afac6d8601144aa3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__ae07fb1df3068481ca2a99eeca187372b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.769999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a6e33889cb3364fea8829a3feaaedcc6d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.1%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__aea65adbff1514f07a1a6d4627d09404f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__r6e896daaecb741f38077a24e0d840c4d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__ab7e12c6725b1446d9192b1f808577ef0">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.769999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a70c4ba2cd07e4e718d888eed4ff0412e">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__afc6f93d54d9d4c3f8f84de89b4c12d4e">Owner of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__r4ad1d0e6efba432d89c0e9116da3ed74"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a07b34a309276422e963df03e18cdd661">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.769999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a71786d2635af4e52a49942583cdb6244">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a536a97760dce45528ef51f9bb23897b5">Name of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__rba892216c67a4fb09658a2e28a777eb1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.13%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__aa49a66f65e214d2f8636f5350feded12">argument_number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.769999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__af95940d86f1541888375298994ef2025">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.1%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974892__a49d296dc68ca442fa4a7403e7a1b4aa6">Number of the input parameters in the stored procedure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0871.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0871.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..308f9cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0871.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_SEQUENCES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__en-us_topic_0059778499_p126166354814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__b192433413252">USER_SEQUENCES</strong> displays sequence information in the current schema.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__t9f48d33eae3b4c72af857260e2913b3a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_SEQUENCES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__r132a75589eda49eb8af3df1e7fee14ce"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.759999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__ad5699f3fe5fc4db4a7e7357877e39ec0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a1fddb4883e3a405b8ad014db0f370043">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a7643cec562a448e4840c60429634437f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__r6768adc32fcd44bdaaa6178381500f06"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__ab62bf4e244b5467e8f0af8cdfd45de83">sequence_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a6bfb5f3a1698465080cfe23c4dc7911a">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a5b4c74b413a54f8d9f5a24e4f1e125ec">Owner of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__r121519156d14442ebe3f7f530321e8b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.759999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a21f83aef6202472f97ef5b2c55f029c3">sequence_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a345e6696cd6447d1a45f15459a59d904">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494457__a5ff9b5cc7fa14e31b4b2bf2f341828e2">Name of the sequence</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0872.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0872.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c684c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0872.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_SOURCE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__en-us_topic_0059778162_p614144418811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__b9826949112613">USER_SOURCE</strong> displays information about stored procedures or functions in this mode, and provides the columns defined by the stored procedures or the functions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__tc078d7518b7944aca09ce050c6e53665" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_SOURCE columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__r46ddb121af064de3ad76fef6ddc68145"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.549999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a83506f7fc0de45c097bc5a5a88996e0b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a42ab416e6d3f438ca376b04ea531791f">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a2cfc43a47cd146759fc4d1cad87c1af5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__rc2d2a1a0de93416a96e032c70ddc7cfd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.549999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a301f8634e1c64bfeb39c0243d710575e">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a7baec951fcca4f748ebc61076bf28764">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a9c1432eee5f148a382fd57590fab3f13">Owner of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__raaa8d2f72dad4a318a160c5e1c2f8fd5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.549999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a909a923ccd7847e5890e22fd32f3c048">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a46d45cc284b7460b8570547091e39678">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a154a86750529405ab9e01fa38e180261">Name of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__r17753cacced746a1bd423520e8145cb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.549999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a6e41fc66e03341f5a4f882971f8018cc">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__acecd39c11f7c405698206dc08cfe4ab0">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894869__a64082696d6304f5496acb13622029a70">Definition of the stored procedure or the function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0873.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0873.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c22de99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0873.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_SYNONYMS</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__b0662124013615">USER_SYNONYMS</strong> displays synonyms accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__table5207230123610" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__b9434558065">USER_SYNONYMS</strong> columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row10207123053616"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p11207173013369">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p620823018364">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p1020873019365">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row3208230173615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p122084308365">schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p820893063618">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p1720833014362">Name of the schema to which the synonym belongs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row15208153010367"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p14208103073611">synonym_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p820812307361">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p1520823063614">Synonym name.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row820813019361"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p12209173043611">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p11209113013616">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p5209430153620">Owner of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row420916308368"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p1220973011363">table_schema_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p420913303368">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p820933033615">Schema name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__row08061727181011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.722572257225725%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p138071827181016">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.33343334333433%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p2807162721017">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.943994399439944%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974902__p680722711107">Name of the associated object.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0874.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0874.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d138288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0874.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_TAB_COLUMNS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__en-us_topic_0059777721_p162734471387"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__b03811315202918">USER_TAB_COLUMNS</strong> displays information about table columns accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__t0f1566263f2a416d982e18479f799ed9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_TAB_COLUMNS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__r147fe4ef9aa7456cb7833bf579bc150d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ab0e565c85a9343c59184e5c8e8eb9c09"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ab73cfbbe99bd4d949c129d41ad54e316">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ae7cdbe271f304529957bf22912290062">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__rd8ff0d418526489cb6633b26e112d1f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a02d45757b0d14e25937cdc998a2b83e3">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a89a07189c4d54a669f49738676523a36">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a42fe568c5cd345d09ed041eb60fa7d2f">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__r5ddded1640d14c8e8bef061e10a08ab1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__af35a1b1ad82c49d886cee7b3d4250cc7">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ae794c87fb74a429f90cb0706124351bc">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a6f232d09ace14f86b2dda19ea6fe0bb7">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__rbd49e25a183847ab9d7f795e68474103"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a01cd908de2bc47769a3da0415624fb58">column_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a5f6599a3580448619ce675603eb5d5e5">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a2dee4f74133949bcb89287d8a22c45e7">Column name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__r1b7addb63ff548789e5b7e3c54c3df55"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ab091b36805704b77b505ff0522fb204d">data_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a7df198fc3ee24445b3a913652aa6a403">character varying(128)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__af9b076c9966b4aae8af73daffb320504">Data type of the column</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__rfa75fadb324246da856856b32602b52c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a6fe105770b054faf946edf3073a0d6fe">column_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ad1fd8904d4c74caa874d818120206543">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__ad270452641a8459ea412a7db739bd45d">Sequence number of the column when the table is created</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__rf48e6360bc5f44a989be3f5ea1e2d04a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a2acf06aab0884fa3a1370fcd8ed89449">data_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__afe39c94945e342209e2b5ced17d19868">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__aab35883e239f47d4901c6b9ae8616538">Length of the column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__r0a64243adf09407f99549e799ed53bcd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a6e3871a6c7244ee69b38d409e9053ce9">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a45a757d45b7d4577af1be4fc98c0929c">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__a5e8097c8db5e4eaabdf369112ae433c3">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__row2663202317236"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p8663122312232">avg_col_len</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p11663172318232">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p1466332318234">Average length of a column in the unit of bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__row2099883182316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p699853115233">nullable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p4998331132316">bpchar</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p899893116238">Whether the column can be empty. For the primary key constraint and non-null constraint, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__b1044435315411">n</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__row16418936152313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p174181336182312">data_precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p041843610232">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p1141812362235">Precision of the data type. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__b1028314351966">NULL</strong> for other types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__row880612407231"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p980664082312">data_scale</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p11806164017232">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p180610408239">Number of decimal places. This parameter is valid for the numeric data type and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__b12129195814618">0</strong> for other types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__row13882344102313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.77%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p148821344192310">char_length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.52%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p5882244142318">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="39.71%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134896__p19882164417239">Column length in the unit of bytes which is valid only for the varchar, nvarchar2, bpchar, and char types.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0875.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0875.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c458567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0875.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_TAB_COMMENTS</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__en-us_topic_0059779166_p178817720295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__b95374311513">USER_TAB_COMMENTS</strong> displays comments about all tables and views accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__t15321d37475f48bab08df515898a3e72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_TAB_COMMENTS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__r24a04b73f6bf454c94987bae7ab32ba9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a9e1e866b82834c7286124af785a89ca8">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a55db7e7df7bc4c8d9a37199b1b31268e">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__aaf1995b33efc4ba3adc35929853df6b3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__r81089f3dcdfe4670a4e4992c59495c31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__ac1120b064e8d472d866b198aeed2826a">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__p6773103210718">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a4145d975412e4791a0168bdf7a5fde18">Owner of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__r29a86abc76464acbbd4a62183cb1fe97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a5f3078d0ff674536a55d5bdc24f726df">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__p15685335379">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__aa5f54c5d6463404789da79d18e08b92e">Name of the table or the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__r504f9af374a64d279a3393b228f278b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.57%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a871111cf67054d29bd8b0e0d0a9baebe">comments</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.830000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__add33f7499afc4aa4ab681c8a499a8873">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.6%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814668__a38dbfdc5395d49a3988bdbf8defd972f">Comments</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0876.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0876.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a398772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0876.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_TAB_PARTITIONS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__en-us_topic_0059777800_p56981850289"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__b18386134612301">USER_TAB_PARTITIONS</strong> displays all table partitions accessible to the current user. Each partition of a partitioned table accessible to the current user has a piece of record in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__b842352706154934">USER_TAB_PARTITIONS</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__t705f3642c9a64e229e476248799475eb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_TAB_PARTITIONS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__r2dbe0556c94e41debc883b835943202e"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a6e773992d8774d5991a8972623e296ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a8a8a91e9674b4337a6d604704a8d354d">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__aba31e90bb11b487193619549b8e617ba">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__r8393f1ae95d44a63806a4ff96dce2bcb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a7e86578e9efa485bba83c4799d27ecbc">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a2a70b51abf62456b80189438ad70c833">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a6288795963e9456cba0a00801a055031">Name of the owner of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__ra48e25ca4c474b26915a4e050b572c3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a214aeda9ea0e48c998ece099dfa8e4e4">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a1b0905ce4acd43f4a75f896b01992e52">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__affad8adb00314b959fc38a62075f4a00">Schema of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__r25c6f4d097564a43a8208b4692cf5d1e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a57f974b8015849619dee8b19c74060a4">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a5a3d7126b6f54634901f71b1208c21fd">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__af6b9999d9f2c46fdb16d459bfa36d907">Name of the partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__r3f7373237dce48fe904a657feaa3f37f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a6db938d060cf44769a8d32fed4511769">partition_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a5c8aa1a214004838ac4feee3c4c245fa">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__ad5e77b0b2aab48718584a0135e2f20af">Name of the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__r9da4755d4c424cd688f3a7211d813fc3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__acd4b38ccdcfa4faa827dec4a32db9a6d">high_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a573967a9d62647809a0520fea63a1b3b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a4fb658d0762041df9b4fc8d36c15f848">Upper boundary of the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__rf4ec528a8bd64a2aaa7fe9636e4a362a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a1b0bcb31f5de477f9f58196c392662af">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.239999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a4ea446e0fa0e455695da3493012821c1">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.22%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814818__a8ac39f0b74694a11ab53549c7b16b9da">Name of the tablespace of the table partition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0877.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0877.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..259f90ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0877.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__en-us_topic_0059777505_p17110954289"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b1378983813320">USER_TABLES</strong> displays table information in the current schema.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__tf084a7e6cd7b4f2db9745630b865274b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__rea696c88300348688570c4fc4513eda0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a1bdf910e1bce4d6e9fbd03e8e85ac796"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ae7071d1cb4834f189f0ed490e2214798">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a2437378dee084dd38cf2f0e8dbe52323">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__rc38c13463294441ebe035f301df425d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__acb4f2d153f994b9f8b7a0958657997ed">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a54d3dac35c074c91b8c3f43537427fef">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a1c3c434a62b5452d90899f0bc1987acb">Table owner</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__r1d056e09409f451b9d83a91d59691f2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a3e4f0eba27ae4bd6b6bf996536139b2b">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a7f9a0b0934ee4655932c1466f567081d">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a5a92dab3364f4206966702710d89beeb">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__r47fc0882cadb45a38c87f4c93622cc84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a8f63a6dc7fb84d2da49084080898042b">tablespace_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ad4ece27ea770430786789468d98c5a9b">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a7d2e856342b74f408e1307788100bd99">Name of the tablespace where the table is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__r3f7972f8f853494dab1e5e9b060a5e51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ac1f91b9346554746bcb829ec4e49a3c5">status</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ab32fc9edb52b4308b8ebb285d4c0ceff">character varying(8)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__aa4474410cf2f4a80b54741b1b9d5da46">Whether the current record is valid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ra2550a3c8ee04e428a23216691dfa0db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__af2162b2194434437b0d235010554ef9c">temporary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a57f7e418fae340e4b2c7ce3bcc78f8fa">character(1)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a1f4f91fee6ee4bd199dfe70f5c31ca47">Whether the table is a temporary table</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ul11127911153415"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__li19127131110344"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b521617211363">Y</strong>: temporary table</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__li181288115346"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b182394323615">N</strong>: not a temporary table</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ra5e4f61a99c64510b2230c63a3d80fd2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ace64b56913bc4bad8c968a28a751ba29">dropped</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__acde2d2ac167e40bca36eddcad377e689">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__a2f254a45ba92455a8bfb05d9afab961a">Whether the current record is deleted</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__ul17284181711343"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__li19284131716345"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b4661443619">YES</strong>: deleted</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__li17284171773412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__b198316483619">NO</strong>: not deleted</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__row999095118510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.61%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__p49908515514">num_rows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.66%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__p5990135116518">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974536__p1399011511858">Estimated number of rows in the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0878.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0878.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5af0aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0878.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_TRIGGERS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__en-us_topic_0059777436_p731545917819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__b815463983318">USER_TRIGGERS</strong> displays the information about triggers accessible to the current user.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__t96dfda15c918467c90d01017572eb10f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_TRIGGERS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__r712c68506fc240c49cb831631bada412"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.23%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__aaf32c153c5c646768b8a4576550d5d46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.3%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a9b0cf757f07b4cd7befff59c41dfedbf">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.47%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a78aeb29e4b084ef2aa37e3181adaba9e">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__r9a459669b5f24636b93d046fc2d30c28"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__ab5ccfeed12c34881b90e0b4c75347e28">trigger_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a2273747e776f45ec9e4c79bb5b87c6a7">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__aaa64da1705c44346b685c0cc0b6a24fc">Trigger name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__re361b4d60d7840c0b2bd88104ab9fe54"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a6d067d0157b7443882f669fd2f9d69d7">table_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a789863cb627b4b808859f0b22b2a8783">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a32f2889681434af894cfffd0b2e62b54">Name of the relationship table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__rafa734e7bb174ab48b263b4531c6f987"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.23%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__a7956f607eca248898ee50397897e7559">table_owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__ac6c4f0bc77884caf9f5d3d611ffdbf00">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.47%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814639__ad90c6bd017c64d8786ab20b49c09cd91">Role name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0879.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0879.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53f262da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0879.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">USER_VIEWS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__en-us_topic_0059778515_p834483092"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__b1132464410340">USER_VIEWS</strong> displays information about all views in the current schema.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__tacf044fb4c9e484595ae34859c44f692" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>USER_VIEWS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__r62a4e54bd01c477fa789572ccc32245c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.19%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__a5fc52f4bb31c4ce2893fe19c12008512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.97%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__a83f7ee35c9ab4de9a537dad5abf15762">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.84%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__ab40f4fe9d7344c658aecfd7bb5e2aabd">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__rc039cd04fd804f3fa3a18bd51947e952"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__a47a8fe8a9529463990c1241dd3e52df4">owner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__afb054e0033264d8f9b7489fa6b12dd0b">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__ab0709dbc99ec40ce8d49f454f3984295">Owner of the view</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__r36c8ada40d9b4b8ca27cc5e5adbe0487"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__a35e551c4ff94466fbdd2284dcce6952e">view_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.97%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__a004b9283e5a64b368e9f70dfbbabd909">character varying(64)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.84%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494547__ae8535348be0645208a50a04787dbe689">View name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0880.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0880.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1922164e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0880.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">V$SESSION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__en-us_topic_0059777917_p456819618915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__b6614474358">V$SESSION</strong> displays all session information about the current session.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__tdd1b8fb71ddd447480f7408d282f7b8e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>V$SESSION columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__r5e4b75ad640e466fb1f8c23153bffe77"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__aa74dd6e02ef94106a51a82bc2b031873"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a5ecc5d0299ba4072b1f2ba04b05052d4">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.27000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__af533afc91d354cd496b5067d99c0ea87">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__redabf7d0013f460da33db13a941433a5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__ad47849179eda485a9be5ad182c89c872">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__ae7c16baee13a4d96b25434bc1e59cc58">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.27000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__af478beea1de3428987a90532bcd7221c">OID of the background process of the current activity</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__r4ac478aa46a54ebda678aa6993671266"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a712fe2ad822c40f09ae1ea74f8eaa99e">serial#</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a8ff7758a9fb1467bb1a118093f030b65">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.27000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__aa39cc1aa67524c368e2bb6201288fa38">Sequence number of the active background process, which is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__b1761018134011">0</strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__text1689632190">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__rdf08dab0a5064e28b60fbcc35bf5c279"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a1904300205884bd2958a5ffba7feff0d">user#</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__ae0b3eb4f9168409b9ce38b57bcb31c37">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.27000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a9a020d0450f3437b9c39ae64a91a6470">OID of the user that has logged in to the background process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__r49846e16e9ee427d914013452578c54b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a3e276c4d0ad84f8e86f9b8d3d45b93d2">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a050c65c4e4cc4a14b47a8a379a599f3b">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.27000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974676__a1c2e2e853d8543aea6e75deae4ed2a63">Name of the user that has logged in to the background process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0881.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0881.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..180b3158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0881.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">V$SESSION_LONGOPS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a9c3a41bec9394c648d0215660f114be9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__b2229454123614">V$SESSION_LONGOPS</strong> displays the progress of ongoing operations.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__t89eb89c511f0476ca556b7cf9e573f47" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>V$SESSION_LONGOPS columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__rcf90d39f911849bd9aa045ca72a9bed8"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__ab3c132e8a4164e8186d5db40c86d5231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__aa93e8881526a47899c5de033b1112e1a">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__ae442ed967d5e4145a6a447d7c5b5b706">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__r122e4ae3b8984c8899b4e540a790f857"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a6d243ea074304c6ea584645242774d09">sid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__ac3d9a3a10dd2416bbf1dca6dc880672f">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__acd0ea85380764f999ff4fe93e7f7f112">OID of the running background process</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__r4ca79cb7dee04e5ea17234210dbbb35a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a8cc0e73f8d1f4a49bc94a476e340e8d7">serial#</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__adf1deea6d3954781b3b24265e88d8c16">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a10479abccda84b6db7d6cc81ebd4af4a">Sequence number of the running background process, which is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__b115372617406">0</strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__text1508339477">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__rcb5421b05dba4323bf5ec73923a4df76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__aaf30e8c53d404d41aef70b038b553aa8">sofar</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__ae50e602ab61a42a18da34fbe7be3fee0">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a884732086e894ceebb010ead8702079a">Completed workload, which is empty in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__text386332277">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__r0f47360d31ed4469915b1125e890d096"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.56%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__aa20df4e0af1040269c9bd06eb79a8546">totalwork</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.590000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__aeb1291d5a22647c587ffbb9f4f1c28a7">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70.85000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__a8bdd179592cb4b248c5b6def5090edbc">Total workload, which is empty in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694929__text740884456">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0883.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0883.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcbf51d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0883.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134882"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134882"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GUC Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0884.html">Viewing GUC Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0885.html">Configuring GUC Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0886.html">GUC Parameter Usage</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0888.html">Connection and Authentication</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0899.html">Parallel Data Import</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0900.html">Write Ahead Logs</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0904.html">HA Replication</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0908.html">Query Planning</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0913.html">Error Reporting and Logging</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0918.html">Alarm Detection</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0919.html">Statistics During the Database Running</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0922.html">Workload Management</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0923.html">Automatic Cleanup</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0924.html">Default Settings of Client Connection</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0928.html">Lock Management</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0929.html">Version and Platform Compatibility</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0932.html">Fault Tolerance</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0933.html">Connection Pool Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0934.html">Cluster Transaction Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0936.html">Developer Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0937.html">Auditing</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0941.html">Transaction Monitoring</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0945.html">Miscellaneous Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0884.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0884.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..689555e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0884.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Viewing GUC Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p27066116913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__text1668617511863">GaussDB(DWS)</span> GUC parameters can control database system behaviors. You can check and adjust the GUC parameters based on your business scenario and data volume.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__ul1923611215919"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__li72363211794">After a cluster is installed, you can check common database parameters on the GaussDB(DWS) management console.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p77891829114716"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__li72363211794"></a><a name="li72363211794"></a><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__image14475201713504" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001248721592.png"></span></p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__ul2399518798"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__li539910189913">You can also connect to a cluster and run SQL commands to check the GUC parameters.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__ul675265611105"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__li1475295619103">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__b047143018537">SHOW</strong> command.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p33591310111117">To view a certain parameter, run the following command:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__screen0752165614105"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server_version</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p57531956171013"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__i842352697104812">server_version</em> indicates the database version.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p1647521561111">Run the following command to view all the parameters:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__screen2075315691015"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__ul275345614109"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__li127533563104">Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__b59581247155314">pg_settings</strong> view.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p9707121820116">To view a certain parameter, run the following command:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__screen187532056171010"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_settings</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'server_version'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__p7376192011110">Run the following command to view values of all parameters:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974566__screen10754145612102"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_settings</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0885.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0885.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbaeb268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0885.html
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring GUC Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p176257192113">To ensure the optimal performance of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__text17358730515">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you can adjust the GUC parameters in the database.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s907f3901beaa4dc287123602b3bcc48d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Types and Values</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__u74e2f2793b6b4103a26cf8b6e21f5787"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li3327545181919">The GUC parameters of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__text1668617511863">GaussDB(DWS)</span> are classified into the following types:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ul10221191262110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li95531325112115">SUSET: database administrator parameters. This type of parameters take effect immediately after they are set. You do not need to restart the cluster. If a parameter of this type is set in the current session, the parameter takes effect only in the current session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li29111286216">USERSET: common user parameters. This type of parameters take effect immediately after they are set. You do not need to restart the cluster. If a parameter of this type is set in the current session, the parameter takes effect only in the current session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li481891519213">POSTMASTER: database server parameters. This type of parameters take effect only after the cluster is restarted. After you modify a parameter of this type, the system displays a message indicating that the cluster is to be restarted. You are advised to manually restart the cluster during off-peak hours for the setting to take effect.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li8181619192112">SIGHUP: global database parameters. This type of parameters take effect globally and cannot take effect for single sessions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li122561822172117">BACKEND: global database parameters. This type of parameters take effect globally and cannot take effect for single sessions.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li13254154702411">All parameter names are case insensitive. A parameter value can be an integer, floating point number, string, Boolean value, or enumerated value.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__u853eb841b7c94ea3a6904edb99ddcb56"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__lb768cb3b5a3a4286b974a611360a7e90">The Boolean values can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161619">on</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161622">off</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161631">true</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161634">false</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161637">yes</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161641">no</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161644">1</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706161647">0</strong>, and are case-insensitive.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__lbc1e74b12d644d51a79c57610485d20b">The enumerated value range is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b145622665734529">enumvals</strong> column of the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706162911">pg_settings</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__l0f5e1be91aea4917b689afb5129517dd">For parameters using units, specify their units during the setting, or default units are used.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ud500ec5427c6497badabf435717ebe73"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__laa1c4ad2c6404d38b065649f72124448">The default units are specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b28291002434529">unit</strong> column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706163254">pg_settings</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__l9e4e8332f2b54fa695159b21876f5527">The unit of memory can be KB, MB, or GB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__l55d9ba5366634f0aad3def814b32700a">The unit of time can be ms, s, min, h, or d.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s8adb68393b48467a948956afaaaf8589"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s8adb68393b48467a948956afaaaf8589"></a><a name="s8adb68393b48467a948956afaaaf8589"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting GUC Parameters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p47751156175112">You can configure GUC parameters in the following ways:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ul622174311816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li1722116431185">Method 1: After a cluster is created, you can log in to the GaussDB(DWS) management console and modify the database parameters of the cluster. For details, see "Modifying Database Parameters" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__i082013318214">Data Warehouse Service (DWS) User Guide</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li1922134319184">Method 2: Connect to a cluster and run SQL commands to configure the parameters of the SUSET or USERSET type.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p2781256516"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li1922134319184"></a><a name="li1922134319184"></a>Configure parameters at database, user, or session levels.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ul187882519519"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li10781125105111">Set a database-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen0781025185111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paraname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p1379192575114">The setting takes effect in the next session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li1879825125117">Set a user-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen18792025135115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paraname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p13792255516">The setting takes effect in the next session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__li19791425145115">Set a session-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen187922525113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paraname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p18016257513">Parameter value in the current session is changed. After you exit the session, the setting becomes invalid.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s0d9f4423bd77437fbddda52e62f013e4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__afeb2fd6d86b541d69f4b47b7f01a58ee">The following example shows how to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__en-us_topic_0058967671_b842352706145037_5">explain_perf_mode</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ocbb8f3643e1b4bfeac9d5423bf7b437b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__lc6095db01378492bb9a803c59222f5d8"><span>View the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b987894158">explain_perf_mode</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s41da16ce396d4b9d81914497df41357d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normal</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__l96352d5b81d1467bb8681b8559bb55c0"><span>Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__b842352706145537">explain_perf_mode</strong>.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__a59079be0eaf44a31a276de788d2ed67e">Perform one of the following operations:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__u003f12642cfa4cbe823ea3b4296cc622"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__lf96a9767e3e346ce89dfd8abf7b73217">Set a database-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__sf2f27851bcb946c68ffcbc18a3887e84"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pretty</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p16505927184014">If the following information is displayed, the setting has been modified.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen2066103544011">ALTER DATABASE</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ac0919336c45245bd8f7734c31ac907f2">The setting takes effect in the next session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__la416f43b3da645c388b84380954cff1e">Set a user-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__se728ffc690cd4352996e7ce589f9d97b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pretty</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p6814011010">If the following information is displayed, the setting has been modified.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen11177526443">ALTER USER</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ac4e7d4b148314cad9e95953034def1ed">The setting takes effect in the next session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__l155cb21f69d948f2b390b5e3fe5f0b1c">Set a session-level parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s6fccb66479584e79b6c5ac6ebca55bb9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pretty</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__p1965311710362">If the following information is displayed, the setting has been modified.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__screen128161828183619">SET</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__ld743fd6d5b6d4068a20d309103e9a9b6"><span>Check whether the parameter is correctly set.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s7ce0f2f332d24df38b25857012b19b6c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pretty</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0886.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0886.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4b470b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0886.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GUC Parameter Usage</h1>
+<div id="body1540880436044"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__en-us_topic_0059779143_p19471852203">The database provides many operation parameters. Configuration of these parameters affects the behavior of the database system. Before modifying these parameters, learn the impact of these parameters on the database. Otherwise, unexpected results may occur.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__s1c461f2d697b4b67b5c1dee02547789d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__u8bce4539ce004974ba6a6697a4b7ebd2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__ldac055f61cd54cb3b640496ae5406fc9">If the value range of a parameter is a string, the string should comply with the naming conventions of the path and file name in the OS running the database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__lb4f8ede04284412793bcc0dfeabe86fc">If the allowed maximum value of a parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__b842352706155818">INT_MAX</strong>, it indicates the maximum parameter value varies by OS.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__ld1440a9b7fde4ccf971b2ff238a52299">If the allowed maximum value of a parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__b842352706155818_1">DBL_MAX</strong>, it indicates the maximum parameter value varies by OS.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098975070__p420014710243"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0888.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0888.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e7a6fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0888.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694985"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694985"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Connection and Authentication</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0889.html">Connection Settings</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0890.html">Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0891.html">Communication Library Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0889.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0889.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0568bf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0889.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Connection Settings</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_p69637310112">This section describes parameters related to the connection mode between the client and server.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__s2d671f584b5647a19255e7c6a3d116aa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__s2d671f584b5647a19255e7c6a3d116aa"></a><a name="s2d671f584b5647a19255e7c6a3d116aa"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_connections</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__ab16a7d2206574058af94fc0babfc9b1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_en-us_topic_0058967724_b47196620">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of allowed parallel connections to the database. This parameter influences the concurrent processing capability of the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p251615331917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b1979991434417">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a033c8330e03f412884a1742780878208"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b10860327208">Value range</strong>: an integer. For CNs, the ranges from 1 to 16384. For DNs, the value ranges from 1 to 262143. Because there are internal connections in the cluster, the maximum value is rarely reached. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b15480194712915">invalid value for parameter "max_connections"</strong> is displayed in the log, you need to decrease the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b191029547308">max_connections</strong> value for DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a6484ecbf671a458e9a42c04454e43c13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b921920118155">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b113751017161512">800</strong> for CNs and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b16256203151">5000</strong> for DNs. If the default value is greater than the maximum value supported by kernel (determined when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b172191611121517">gs_initdb</strong> command is executed), an error message will be displayed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__ae4c883e2202045a4bb9b28ed591664f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_b2809270516346">Setting suggestions</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a08859f9f47374020a5b834e424691e97">Retain the default value of this parameter on the CN. Set this parameter on the DN to the following calculation result: Number of CNs x Value of this parameter on the CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a8efe0f70507c49cbb33c51a772b37b6a">If the parameter is set to a large value, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__text2034046385">GaussDB(DWS)</span> requires more SystemV shared memories or semaphores, which may exceed the maximum default configuration of the OS. In this case, modify the value as needed.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__note51821344104916"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p7182154416496">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b183671349093">max_connections</strong> is related to <a href="dws_04_0893.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7f44489cfdce4bbea287150fb7333b9e">max_prepared_transactions</a>. Before setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b4358142916109">max_connections</strong>, ensure that the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b9768541131019">max_prepared_transactions</strong> is greater than or equal to that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b1721635171119">max_connections</strong>. In this way, each session has a prepared transaction in the waiting state.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__s3c7b3697f6a748f0baf5754e3c4b5d19"><h4 class="sectiontitle">sysadmin_reserved_connections</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a8db7e896c45c42d2b5db52e5c5d1cf92"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_a4b31a78195104adf92b9eed83bdbcd10">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of connections reserved for administrators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p733324718917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b1997610149441">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a6186f83bbb8144a69a55c8242f481fdc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777487_en-us_topic_0058967566_b6696864">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 262143</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a26b5925222734322a475d763ec44953c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b842352706185015">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b842352706185018">3</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__sb9319017186d42d3bb1352d83a3c8b79"><h4 class="sectiontitle">application_name</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__ae39b72730bb945799b082fcf0b231f5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_a256c2bab538d4586b07e2db0ba045933">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the name of the client program connecting to the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p1727443129"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b612055616446">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a76b2373b366e484f8a7ffc17a9e5c14d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_a0569bf5cd0fd491c8868b390ab1eed54">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__a341a9547ac924967a40f75d151e44b80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__en-us_topic_0059777636_a0bdfce78fa494bdd8c2c0156c1a0393d">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b842352706202555">gsql</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__section4834457114318"></a><a name="section4834457114318"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">connection_info</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p209712583437"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b550332111816">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the database connection information, including the driver type, driver version, driver deployment path, and process owner. (This is an O&amp;M parameter. Do not configure it by yourself.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p727782016135"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b15716105614419">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p1697185824318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b920319251182">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p7971145894312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b1334182615182">Default value</strong>: an empty string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__note11998020131414"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__ul5214929175810"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__li1221452917581">An empty string indicates that the driver connected to the database does not support automatic setting of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b124851628181817">connection_info</strong> parameter or the parameter is not set by users in applications.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__li421462916588">The following is an example of the concatenated value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b7810143041810">connection_info</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__screen36131149104519"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="ss">&quot;driver_name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">&quot;ODBC&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;driver_version&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(GaussDB 8.1.1 build af002019) compiled at 2020-01-10 05:43:20 commit 6995 last mr 11566 debug&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;driver_path&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">&quot;/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;os_user&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">&quot;dbadmin&quot;</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__p14858414192914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b10747143211189">driver_name</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b12748193231817">driver_version</strong> are displayed by default. Whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b97481832171813">driver_path</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__b1674953219186">os_user</strong> are displayed is determined by users.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0888.html">Connection and Authentication</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0890.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0890.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80ac839d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0890.html
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_p11527581314">This section describes parameters about how to securely authenticate the client and server.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sce830baddcd14b33a7a6700e27937abf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">authentication_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__affc6c27a3c6448ffb2843f5e61eae95d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_en-us_topic_0058967753_b41120256">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the longest duration to wait before the client authentication times out. If a client is not authenticated by the server within the timeout period, the server automatically breaks the connection from the client so that the faulty client does not occupy connection resources.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p727782016135"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b14534171794511">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a36dc89e8d4924406add9e4eebff8ab09"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1265223112433">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 600. The minimum unit is second (s).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a64ef6e91cdaa40d9b8e67d32d70bb316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706185119">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778244_b15310055141954">1 min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__section2612143317514"><h4 class="sectiontitle">auth_iteration_count</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p1272212378514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1851794672203457">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of interactions during the generation of encryption information for authentication.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p195311751121515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b414611844516">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p4727123745110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b20165267194730">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2048 to 134217728</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p12729143735111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706203757">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b84235270620380">50000</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__note185621927143113"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p6981136111717">If this parameter is set to a large value, performance deteriorates in operations involving password encryption, such as authentication and user creation. Set this parameter to an appropriate value based on the hardware conditions.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s7086b76ae0224deaa57a373bffdb2cd4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">session_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a65fd2184ace34d97b2a0687ab4e37059"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_aa0c7fa83044942d19d71d426bf003365">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the longest duration with no operations after the connection to the server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p17710210161613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b55090196459">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a09a71366f2b040d6ae2a70b893186868"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706204447">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 86400. The minimum unit is second (s). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b84235270620458">0</strong> means to disable the timeout.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__adc0a1206ddb24871bd8f94618569b424"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b17505192220213">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b18505182219218">10 min</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__nea2f24e1ae734d76bc9b119dbf7113e9"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul1841500205618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li151951611565">The gsql client of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__text13194294582">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has an automatic reconnection mechanism. If the initialized local connection of a user to the server times out, gsql disconnects from and reconnects to the server.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li6344177165713">Connections from the pooler connection pool to other CNs and DNs are not controlled by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1792419185597">session_timeout</strong> parameter.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sb4f20106a9e44510a2243affa571091e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ssl</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a02b5d4a536824c488c8b9adb394fff4d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_en-us_topic_0058967753_b3421177">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the SSL connection is enabled. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p5546202314257"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b943209459">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aee317e181dd64b79b5d9f955cb8a01ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_en-us_topic_0058967753_b9994653">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u6639deb980fa41e0aff2c912209160d6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l176b0507a7f04700bae8e4ba188153b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b104324785634549">on</strong> indicates that the SSL connection is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l0f5d4aaacae548aa9b061bcb56711032"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1721383012219">off</strong> indicates that the SSL connection is not enabled.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__n187bb3bb153143a9886ceff0767d478d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a0f4d1c9994f34000a2ce05bb71e5ea23"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__text1090562960">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports the SSL connection when the client connects to CNs. It is recommended that the SSL connection be enabled only on CNs.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a823cf6901f4f47ca8ead0269f16fc944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b277223817218">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1777210382219">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s0742999cbaad4392a0a66f168e83398c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ssl_ciphers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a40b610aa990b4b8ca6d0008068528ab8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_aee607761efca4160868d59583c52fa7e">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the encryption algorithm list supported by the SSL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p2345191112515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b13751520184516">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a6baa0bd7e85449f7a91b8f7a1f26fe18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b166421341041">Value range</strong>: a string. Separate multiple encryption algorithms with semicolons (;). </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aae84c198aa6f4f08b9136c484ebbb400"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2012012131341">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b51216134414">ALL</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__note1078975013110"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul321613417133"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li4849172582211">The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b12976175851416">ssl_ciphers</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1297695818140">ALL</strong>, indicating that all the following encryption algorithms are supported. Users are advised to retain the default value, unless there are other special requirements on the encryption algorithm.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul1578411461719"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1667753110137">TLS1_3_RFC_AES_128_GCM_SHA256</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li2091373231315">TLS1_3_RFC_AES_256_GCM_SHA384</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1234153621312">TLS1_3_RFC_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1841243719138">TLS1_3_RFC_AES_128_CCM_SHA256</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__la226f0b6f6c040c29e011c10c109139c">TLS1_3_RFC_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li22171542130">Currently, SSL connection authentication supports only the TLS1.3 encryption algorithm, which has better performance and security. It is also compatible with SSL connection authentication between clients that comply with TLS1.2.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s6fec625af84c4e5ab66d1731d270f22b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ssl_renegotiation_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a182a4c15d39a4a24b2f205e7f6ccb03f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_a3d4c28655aba4ee29f293b53d46b3ba1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the traffic volume over the SSL-encrypted channel before the session key is renegotiated. The renegotiation traffic limitation mechanism reduces the probability that attackers use the password analysis method to crack the key based on a huge amount of data but causes big performance losses. The traffic indicates the sum of sent and received traffic.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p777214359165"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b20877120204513">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__note11998020131414"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p1853316399306">You are advised to retain the default value, that is, disable the renegotiation mechanism. You are not advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b204674514101">gs_guc</strong> tool or other methods to set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b9686134100">ssl_renegotiation_limit</strong> parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b5982122031010">postgresql.conf</strong> file. The setting does not take effect.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aac6ce1acfd8544cf9724d1da94365b4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1316119383446">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b11979145834416">INT_MAX</strong>. The unit is KB. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706173359">0</strong> indicates that the renegotiation mechanism is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a9e96827e5e37425cb22d8f3bcec9b4b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b5735075">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706171333">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s66e18c0433544eefaa5369459d6b220a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_policy</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aad2b7fac24ad49b0abfed1fbc188d7f0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b825354011420">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to check the password complexity when you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b102595401446">CREATE ROLE/USER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b4259174016420">ALTER ROLE/USER</strong> command to create or modify a <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__text1359377587">GaussDB(DWS)</span> account. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p1345516265239"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b8440423144517">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__nffa7a21a10a949c681bac168c79c0a16"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a813de7415b2f4079a9429f46a1b656a1">For security purposes, do not disable the password complexity policy.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a5c71c4ec624b4db5922095c21b0a0fcf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b66499804">Value range</strong>: an integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706111635">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706111638">1</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u697584b48056419ea9e5faaecb4320ea"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__la2e19d02819d48769ccfebfecf8db608"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b176848255134549">0</strong> indicates that no password complexity policy is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l5e49744c570143b08c97031226c2cec2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ac4a71b0e13b64122b4edcb8c101652c4">1</strong> indicates that the default password complexity policy is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__afab54009b43849cb885fb93580c05f11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a4c25757a8859417e8d363ca9016b506c">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0058967566_b56157513619462">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c"></a><a name="sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_reuse_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__af592be33e34b450da67c0f519d3ca36d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b4546792291624">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether to check the reuse days of the new password when you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3082399791624">ALTER USER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3555929791624">ALTER ROLE</strong> command to change a user password. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p83506149239"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b063932304516">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__n6490ed2389ef4d0bab4609c6d12bb219"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p67333441426">When you change the password, the system checks the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul13734194464216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1852615215432">If the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> are both positive numbers, the password can be reused if either of the following conditions is met:</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li973454484219">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b597410442502">0</strong>, the days of password reuse are not limited and only the times of password reuse are limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li167348447425">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b8155446195218">0</strong>, the times of password reuse are not limited and only the days of password reuse are limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1873474416422">If the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> are both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b801046185311">0</strong>, password reuse is not limited.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a296e83f968604830a15e9764ac21aa72"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b452233516510">Value range</strong>: a floating number ranging from 0 to 3650. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u1e64b12c6f444173b8207e9e18d63221"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l95d4ac4127be4e41a934bfe422abcf98"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b17817453165312">0</strong> indicates that the password reuse days are not checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__lf9cf65f9e97f4bef927bcfb6e8542a53">A positive number indicates that the new password cannot be the one that is used within the specified days.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a95bce48e12a044c3b7c7ff06792b27c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b27385108834549">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706171519">60</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191"></a><a name="scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_reuse_max</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a5afb963054cf4b699602ed98207e6435"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3967750491624">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether to check the reuse times of the new password when you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1077670391624">ALTER USER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b4850188091624">ALTER ROLE</strong> command to change a user password. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p10187185314226"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3768132314510">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__nefbf0ac32661426faf0a547e43c6543c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p2063718252432">When you change the password, the system checks the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul26372258431"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li11637142517435">If the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> are both positive numbers, the password can be reused if either of the following conditions is met:</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li12637425114311">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b196131645452">0</strong>, the days of password reuse are not limited and only the times of password reuse are limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li7637102517438">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1793813473513">0</strong>, the times of password reuse are not limited and only the days of password reuse are limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li106371525174316">If the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sbbafd6b400d246ad9b10b95fd632643c">password_reuse_time</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__scadaeaf8f1ee4427b11857bcd78cb191">password_reuse_max</a> are both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2478105011510">0</strong>, password reuse is not limited.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a0485b70193344cdeb7b278f802386372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b18570152151">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1000</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__uca565f077acf44c6ad5949061c29608d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__lb6982604599147448f583529ea56f186"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b185999215334549">0</strong> indicates that the password reuse times are not checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l393880ef56be4c38bfb0437389c94545">A positive number indicates that the new password cannot be the one whose reuse times exceed the specified number.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a04a77fb79a884473b402c9f0ef9e612a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b13915259151516">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706165429">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s943fe3c453f648fb958919ab0aa2b08b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s943fe3c453f648fb958919ab0aa2b08b"></a><a name="s943fe3c453f648fb958919ab0aa2b08b"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_lock_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aebbbd79dfc624d58a963eccd0013796c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_en-us_topic_0058967753_b40832548">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the duration before an account is automatically unlocked. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p9677154418222"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b49511423134520">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__nede83145091d408893269caea44c746c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a5e8cbd5becb64e4e984aa9badca2cf93">The locking and unlocking functions take effect only when the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1027112545512">password_lock_time</strong> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s98a9fdb6b85f4f6ab813a269524dc136">failed_login_attempts</a> are positive numbers.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ac6d6390ccf484acebea31f3e850b3acb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b13596170167">Value range</strong>: a floating number ranging from 0 to 365. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u5a7cfddea7c94de5ac8eed2eb726cc6d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__led7d9d51541e4d41ad4f757986bed67b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b128346474034549">0</strong> indicates that the automatic locking function does not take effect if the password verification fails.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__le058156bf4c54c51bcc9796540ce63f2">A positive number indicates the duration after which an account is automatically unlocked.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a23b71f9839644b0db42bd61295ef3c21"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b871608913">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1101876379">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s98a9fdb6b85f4f6ab813a269524dc136"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s98a9fdb6b85f4f6ab813a269524dc136"></a><a name="s98a9fdb6b85f4f6ab813a269524dc136"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">failed_login_attempts</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a728065526a914656aaf8a378553443e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b74807121034549">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of incorrect password attempts before an account is locked. The account will be automatically unlocked after the time specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b23110410534549">password_lock_time</strong>. For example, incorrect password attempts during login and password input failures when using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b23623973144319">ALTER USER</strong> command </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p18461121072113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b111832414517">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a0224277f9a664877b46f18d4c758d355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1258375934517">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1000</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u2bb51f329fe045138ae839bee1b2a455"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__lb312d482a3854183bf40917bf659c12a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b116577120934549">0</strong> indicates that the automatic locking function does not take effect.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l65f61253bf434234ae28fc8ccbc0df02">A positive number indicates that an account is locked when the number of incorrect password attempts reaches the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b15968773634549">failed_login_attempts</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ab392fcc48a044305bd2ec11df4aeba77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b16400126619">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b24011028618">10</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__n28c694ec85094dcc9f7b9ac281b5df70"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul17447217111619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li134473174161">The locking and unlocking functions take effect only when the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1816516161246">failed_login_attempts</strong> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s943fe3c453f648fb958919ab0aa2b08b">password_lock_time</a> are positive numbers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li10201141914167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3679195513415">failed_login_attempts</strong> works with the SSL connection mode of the client to identify the number of incorrect password attempts. If PGSSLMODE is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b210523516611">allow</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2784382067">prefer</strong>, two connection requests are generated for a password connection request. One request attempts an SSL connection, and the other request attempts a non-SSL connection. In this case, the number of incorrect password attempts perceived by the user is the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b410464714816">failed_login_attempts</strong> divided by 2.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s8704e0b9404741b89a785baf9a334d2a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_encryption_type</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a2a290c8c9a414c028e5b7e7242957dc0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_aaf01a20fd744461998a11deb15a38896">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the encryption type of user passwords.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p537510552203"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b6295112412457">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a90e94ed6ff46414eac7084eda199200e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1297620882">Value range</strong>: an integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b415246630">0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b757674557">1</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b16214111417422">2</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ucf6340a5f1ff4877a5549178fcdd5327"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l78ce25ee9b7940b084ed7c1b9e7a7718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a0a0aeba5ee354a319376d5d57646ce87">0</strong> indicates that passwords are encrypted in MD5 mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li731613248552"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1315365611411">1</strong> indicates that passwords are encrypted using SHA256, which is compatible with the MD5 user authentication method of the PostgreSQL client.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l33a31388b1ea4819aa03c6ba8bbfaf60"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0004450763_b291431591493">2</strong> indicates that passwords are encrypted using SHA256.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__n021991b65c0c451bbcfcbbf107f26e6f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ul34738420181"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li18305163224415">MD5 is not recommended because it is not a secure encryption algorithm.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li4507120121913">If the cluster is upgraded from 8.0.0 or an earlier version to the current version, the default value of this parameter is the same as that of the cluster of the earlier version. For example, the default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b10361228347">password_encryption_type</strong> in 8.0.0 is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b23468326417">1</strong>. After the cluster is upgraded from 8.0.0 to 8.1.1, the default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b684310121250">password_encryption_type</strong> remains <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1489312211253">1</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a959e6d4e2678482199947467e088006c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b3158552610564">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706173228">2</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s1ad72a5afb584f75bcdf05d19ee152f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_min_length</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a280331dce9f14713bebd9fb0281c156f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_a1fcc890ea1a74237a652e5545f91ef5f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum account password length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p19381245112019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b15452724204517">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p10232345153413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b17725142820223">Value range</strong>: an integer. A password can contain 6 to 999 characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aba52b80e818a4061b4c88f050e7c375b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1413578664144214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b578690575144214">8</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sc2fd1e87a08e46d4b37dd700a87a1590"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_max_length</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ab44aea1854e9495faca57e57cb9099ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_ad86000e86ba44b6caa0c3e5e1d850bc9">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum account password length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p128800359207"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1063120242454">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p084941483417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b17746174413233">Value range</strong>: an integer. A password can contain 6 to 999 characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a32516f1314934fd9bea16d9f506e3271"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778487_ac1c9fb1d06e240c599caf85c9a8ed519">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195020">32</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__saeb9604931e149849cfea48326df75e4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_min_uppercase</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a94e7257f5aa2436b9c093e36ebb2d3c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_en-us_topic_0058967753_b586567172054">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of uppercase letters that an account password must contain.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p112481327112020"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b87841424154513">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ac8e8cdb3d40e4cfc83f33ee23ebd7546"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1621535982316">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 999.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u29390a83cd49414094fad7c2220baedf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l8f404cf47536484cbd61040492d22b45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706212534">0</strong> means no limit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li113111038462">A positive integer indicates the minimum number of uppercase letters in the password specified for creating an account.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a5d775a49aa094ae1a2f9fca99ff8bc53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706212615">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b20490125619251">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sd016bfb5242743bcbba8245d16118228"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_min_lowercase</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a3caac1e29a0540b5b45a0f0abd98ca87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_ae1bfc0751d754deea0a2acfe3268333f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of lowercase letters that an account password must contain.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p11122151919205"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b895842413450">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a31e8387060a147d58ba8ca2850cee87d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b934987809">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 999.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ua02658c2386448c0b73d48bef24d0712"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l448421f6ee2b463ca49d120f40d9a503"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b877703811">0</strong> means no limit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ld379180671314988b222cc33482dd2a4">A positive integer indicates the minimum number of lowercase letters in the password specified for creating an account.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a5136da75fb384cedb78e8037a6185896"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1354036802">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2116387839">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s6f018b106158445891f20cd2ff03d05e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_min_digital</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__afd038c00d694445e98abf282a3d3bf2c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_a03703e193a43423ca416f701d2eab723">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of digits that an account password must contain.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p36461111192017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b171361025174518">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a13f80aece3b14e10a5e6d369d8bf9522"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2088263439">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 999.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u5f5f6b285e234b49b04e993d4b1efeef"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l31a2474a619d4c218c3bb199050a9dda"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1210535680">0</strong> means no limit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l9b07fe4b86354dc8b2e61bf0c9ef6118">A positive integer indicates the minimum number of digits in the password specified for creating an account.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a25fe8cf7de854096a0945a5e94685c36"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b510660400">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b327343446">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s592982c9d4be4e7089e9895b0282a928"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_min_special</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__add3613fae3ce42569375d18b46ebd9f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1412013101869">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__ph1754411498293">special characters</span> that an account password must contain.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p58056316209"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b43042257456">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a0b6544ffccd140e7b63cfeeca471d346"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1764987076">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 999.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u0dcd92b62ff5498794ac7b71b2f25d8c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l7ee939ed477641a99e3b76e1af87611c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1823430129">0</strong> means no limit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li857662895214">A positive integer indicates the minimum number of special characters in the password specified for creating an account.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a4c668cd1c1b84450911a9a26c2920f95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2125402221">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b448405009">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__sf2083c0fff0d4f52a32c89dc24cb0476"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_effect_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__aa298734079d54c9cb62e2928c623d051"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_a8b870fe38dfa4ae1ab0fcf85aa425d3f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the validity period of an account password.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p9978554151913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b2473102554517">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a543a1a821a034992a698f47fdd6c69ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b4959152315476">Value range</strong>: a floating number ranging from 0 to 999. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__udf25f051463543b1ab5d36d8d0185a41"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l3540aab4c9234f13a20079a3edd37d3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b84235270621354">0</strong> indicates the function of validity period restriction is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li2969182411532">A floating point number from 1 to 999 indicates the validity period of the password specified for creating an account. When the password is about to expire or has expired, the system prompts the user to change the password.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__accd9cd0f325c4f02a8e92619836d989e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1896293517535">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706171710">90</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__s3e8269f98d6142ec91ef07b9b5bf6168"><h4 class="sectiontitle">password_notify_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a2a948409ed244e09a17bc6a31748010b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0059778664_a640280595dc84d1498b59351e4a520f2">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies how many days in advance users are notified before the account password expires.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p134171640181714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b16640202519458">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__a20481a932b404bd5a403ba802046efa8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b1842173254713">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 999. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__u2ea69d68c3cf40bfa8f13747710c6ecd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__l634b3abfe3274a4ba0f7115869935645"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706213633">0</strong> indicates the reminder is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__li1937775035716">A positive integer indicates how long before expiry the reminder will appear.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__p1215920525812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__en-us_topic_0058967657_b26917141">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695003__b842352706204923">7</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0888.html">Connection and Authentication</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0891.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0891.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Communication Library Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__en-us_topic_0059778583_p54955141810">This section describes parameter settings and value ranges for communication libraries.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s81a95a4af1024ff0a5292e4ba7809b60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_tcp_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__add30f204b86d4a0c868fbcacc9428ec9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270616429">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the communication library uses the TCP or SCTP protocol to set up a data channel. The modification of this parameter takes effect after the cluster is restarted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p8874203053619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b166632390451">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a4498c865759645a398cd38503ec66677"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b5647338199">Value range</strong>: Boolean. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193350">on</strong> for CNs, the CNs connect to DNs using TCP. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706101751">on</strong> for DNs, the DNs communicate with each other using TCP.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a4dbaeb3e94c243a6bd51e12635ad84dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s6fa55651fa6f4c0aadf4a40adcd87a84"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_sctp_port</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__afefe49976b454f4f8623f7911268841d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b15900314174819">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the TCP or SCTP listening port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library, respectively.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1486112333619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b18462144118455">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__n4b0712f758c2451bb9267953f2866b14"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a8b11b000593840d78cc692c5fbe7e37a">This port number is automatically allocated during cluster deployment. Do not change the parameter setting. If the port number is incorrectly set, the database communication fails.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aa493fd8945d94af9af091b1e85bbe290"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b9821775492">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a00e80102979046a1ba909002b052eadd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1581655411245">Default value</strong>: port + Number of primary DNs on the local host x 2 + Sequence number of the local DN on the local host</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s0ccfbedcf7544991a935f93f5ea73d3b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_control_port</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aeae74146271d4c7783835079506fc8e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b81014283497">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the TCP listening port used by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library, respectively.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p17463122104120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b51882242490">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a08ae399d1e2647f2a7c6e7aee76e148a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b33971927144913">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a073fe556b6f44edbb208f3af398ee674"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b0376153252510">Default value</strong>: port + Number of primary DNs on the local host x 2 + Sequence number of the local DN on the local host + 1</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__n7a8783b981bc40458a0138c16ab3834c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__af1667a2b34a94f3fb8ad9d55f79bc30a">This port number is automatically allocated during cluster deployment. Do not change the parameter setting. If the port number is incorrectly set, the database communication fails.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s0011acc521b848fe85b25a68f534dc73"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s0011acc521b848fe85b25a68f534dc73"></a><a name="s0011acc521b848fe85b25a68f534dc73"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_max_datanode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aaa6dd1c9c3d8452b8edd21d8d803e21e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b868850099">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of DNs supported by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p128352383717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b17110124519454">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a8b81a0eaedf04156b377e670b33f1e6d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1755519300498">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 8192</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a48448b884a784234b18b4bb0f23db73e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b49081319145711">Default value</strong>: actual number of DNs</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s9ef3426b35d140bb934db112acc751f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_max_stream</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a5ad0de68b57d4501a63e559a75f1e58b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b2318220155010">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent data streams supported by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library. The value of this parameter must be greater than: Number of concurrent data streams x Number of operators in each stream x Square of SMP.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p15342512133615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b113070456456">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a90a9143d554441ce8d8e372938b11cf5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b48234134911">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 60000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a4d3e94d57fc54323af104ca7b77c0f50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b069185613571">Default value</strong>: calculated by the following formula: min (query_dop_limit x query_dop_limit x 2 x 20, max_process_memory (bytes) x 0.005/(Maximum number of CNs + Number of current DNs)/260. If the value is less than 1024, 1024 is used. query_dop_limit = Number of CPU cores of a single server/Number of DNs of a single server.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note9292114813213"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ul176719509211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li7767165022114">You are not advised to set this parameter to a large value because this will cause high memory usage (256 bytes x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b114088323228">comm_max_stream</strong> x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b144202325226">comm_max_datanode</strong>). If the number of concurrent data streams is large, the query is complex and the smp is large, resulting in insufficient memory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li2768115022117">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s0011acc521b848fe85b25a68f534dc73">comm_max_datanode</a> is small, the process memory is sufficient. In this case, you can increase the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b136261111112315">comm_max_stream</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s13d650215c0240f9b20b48dada4ed06d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_max_receiver</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__acacfc605b7434605a4149d3a90968526"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b906534521">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of receiving threads for the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p19393172143615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b15470045174513">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a590ca73f02734f53858cd9e9d71145de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b6827114854915">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 50</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aefa90cc94c0b4c59986930d70ee8d871"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270614205">Default value</strong>: 4</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s34f28849693d456e8dbf8c8147301012"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_quota_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__adfd6547d569040fcac9e7bd8a793a384"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1328809345">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum size of packets that can be consecutively sent by the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library. When you use a 1GE NIC, a small value ranging from 20 KB to 40 KB is recommended.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p18740205493511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b3637174524517">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ab2d345b5f8364a629db6aa8e973709dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b8806105145011">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 102400. The default unit is KB. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b88051142123015">0</strong> indicates that the quota mechanism is not used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aa2e4fdd7351b4393a8bb992da80d5ac7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b18024168155138">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193057">1MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__sfade85f464b14ac4bbb0b00be030fcbc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_usable_memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aba077b0b16da47cfb17ab42117db4134"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b445515777">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum memory available for buffering on the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library on a single DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p432324073520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b381315453457">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a52ca0dee530345ba918c5ddc9e1f24ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1989824165010">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 102400 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b19112194114506">INT_MAX/2</strong>. The default unit is KB. The minimum size cannot be less than 1 GB for installation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ae7b9eb996c454e0d83bddb26e4832757"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1150535513262">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b2505755192617">max_process_memory/8</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__n746da6d206ec4140b4d31a1be91bd1db"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a3c346c852a1b42418faa1038327c7517">This parameter must be specifically set based on environment memory and the deployment method. If it is too large, there may be out-of-memory (OOM). If it is too small, the performance of the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library may deteriorate.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section165486311620"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_memory_pool_percent</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1554911314169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b0660124182115">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the percentage of the memory pool resources that can be used by the TCP proxy communication library or the SCTP communication library in a DN. This parameter is used to adaptively reserve memory used by the communication libraries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p0230129203514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b179873451456">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p185551133162"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b2696125418505">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 100</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p855715331610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b2027466352">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1005068149">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note155518315169"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p17552836166">If the memory used by the communication library is small, set this parameter to a small value. Otherwise, set it to a large value.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section10300238238"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_client_bind</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1544414596245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b48192534313">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to bind the client of the communication library to a specified IP address when the client initiates a connection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p62323703711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b10156346104512">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p18449205913245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1866430132015">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ul147110332071"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li146063918717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193036">on</strong> indicates that the client is bound to a specified IP address.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li347243319716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b201625407519323">off</strong> indicates that the client is not bound to any IP addresses.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note847772834"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1847792034">If multiple IP addresses of a node in a cluster are on the same communication network segment, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193332">on</strong>. In this case, the client is bound to the IP address specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193526">listen_addresses</strong>. The concurrency performance of a cluster depends on the number of random ports because a port can be used only by one client at a time.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p19456738194415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section1371661611123"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_no_delay</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p594213561126"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b8423527061609">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270616035">NO_DELAY</strong> attribute of the communication library connection. Restart the cluster for the setting to take effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p9343161713515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1331594664519">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p56607432091"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b149320222010">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p573061612123"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1966195043">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1724120178">off</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note272911610123"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p87292016151210">If packet loss occurs because a large number of packets are received per second, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b8423527061611">off</strong> to reduce the total number of packets.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__sb8def77414ca46c19425b8b6365ab8e9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_debug_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a3452b6b3223a412aba23244d00af1d65"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b122324715554">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the debug mode of the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library, that is, whether to print logs about the communication layer. The setting is effective at the session layer.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__n53cba812328a4483bad9bc2f0989c718"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a356b2c184530422ea3a5ea708e345832">When the switch is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270692827">on</strong>, the number of printed logs is huge, adding extra overhead and reducing database performance. Therefore, set the switch to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270692943">on</strong> only in the debug mode.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p133891517379"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b348594614457">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__adddaf195065044acba5256d4e701e262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b166751153207">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__u18af3bbd2e3a45d39a5b18224fae0024"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__le92023613a724909941e72f8529e3360"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706204212">on</strong> indicates the detailed debug log of the communication library is printed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__lefa74aa46f5c466b9c26c206ef928c9e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b785188469">off</strong> indicates the detailed debug log of the communication library is not printed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__af2013f97c9294f2597431886a67b8a24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b722929757">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b962984115">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section1480831194112"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_ackchk_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p10567191642812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b106620241367">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the duration after which the communication library server automatically triggers ACK when no data package is received.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p7342108163510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1775822519515">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p175431345143219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b7142132815113">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 20000. The unit is millisecond (ms). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1085616280360">0</strong> indicates that automatic ACK triggering is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1756819164283"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b3187133014368">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1318753053620">2000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__s01da04f06f5143a691139b5908bfc29c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_timer_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__aa67a5fde2c5b44b89098c5683e732420"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b946110148568">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the timer mode of the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library, that is, whether to print timer logs in each phase of the communication layer. The setting is effective at the session layer.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__nee2097280bf245c19bcf07d4038f8bae"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a950e88c4a2144128a63246a66e4ba2e7">When the switch is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b899834674">on</strong>, the number of printed logs is huge, adding extra overhead and reducing database performance. Therefore, set the switch to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b580877434">on</strong> only in the debug mode.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1885117216380"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b12833114634512">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a156f80a602644998b77519f80e9d5bce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b184937142016">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__u856013d6cff54d6192eb7fc423c8a961"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__lff68006519304e50b65c7067871b8eaa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1840794768">on</strong> indicates the detailed timer log of the communication library is printed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__l1d659c4078ca474d8471b80cf6bd5e3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b163689384">off</strong> indicates the detailed timer log of the communication library is not printed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ae15d67595cc846409c79e4c337a01b82"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b731717408">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b992801613">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__sfb69d5c3242545fc87c5c68eea685a61"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_stat_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a53bd5ffbd6a0426095f38c3f8802dfe9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1890216402566">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the statistics mode of the TCP proxy communication library or SCTP communication library, that is, whether to print statistics about the communication layer. The setting is effective at the session layer.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__n3ca15f09cf374036961b7b2d4996f592"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a5e09dbe0889a4553bc71b5ada4b98737">When the switch is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1222819701">on</strong>, the number of printed logs is huge, adding extra overhead and reducing database performance. Therefore, set the switch to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1268933024">on</strong> only in the debug mode.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p12398211133810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b11997134674517">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a699860714a37485b8637987ed3fed0dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1676517819203">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__u99067cb9b5364f94b895a19be98b0a08"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__l4b7e3f02a2b44fc8b27f358a038eb9c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1712305352">on</strong> indicates the statistics log of the communication library is printed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ld15fbab485f442ecaff0fbe5cd0b9854"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b311305379">off</strong> indicates the statistics log of the communication library is not printed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__a5ac642a79f734413b4438e692f20517f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b161219143">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b598546724">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section12442191418411"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_stateless_pooler_reuse</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p345181413414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b84235270619510">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the pooler reuse mode. The setting takes effect after the cluster is restarted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p299712563342"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1517194716455">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p13468181474115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b12415810202013">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ul1474714174110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li106616206178"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706104112">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706104114">true</strong> indicates that the pooler reuse mode is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li749314916179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b177707619910424">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b11769586010424">false</strong> indicates that the pooler reuse mode is disabled.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note144911314124115"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p6498111444114">Set this parameter to the same value for CNs and DNs. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706193243">enable_stateless_pooler_reuse</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706194826">off</strong> for CNs and set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b842352706195059">on</strong> for DNs, the cluster communication fails. Restart the cluster to make the setting take effect.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p165011714114114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b2068020175">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b186838869">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__section350111241138"><h4 class="sectiontitle">comm_cn_dn_logic_conn</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p145011624111315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b20946281475">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies a switch for logical connections between CNs and DNs. The parameter setting takes effect only after the cluster is restarted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p1125154194010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b8346124724519">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p35175248136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b196471714204">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__ul145179241136"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li10517132419139"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b9907172024912">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1612692211490">true</strong> indicates that the connections between CNs and DNs are logical, with the libcomm component in use.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__li151712411313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b166047310502">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b184013615504">false</strong> indicates that the connections between CNs and DNs are physical, with the libpq component in use.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__note153212481310"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p167291746171712">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b4667346165016">comm_cn_dn_logic_conn</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1535414509503">off</strong> for CNs and set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b117690212516">on</strong> for DNs, cluster communication will fail. You are advised to set this parameter to the same value for all CNs and DNs. Restart the cluster to make the setting take effect.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__p11532192461318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b1398236684">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694629__b737681531">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0888.html">Connection and Authentication</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0892.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0892.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135064"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099135064"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Resource Consumption</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0893.html">Memory</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0894.html">Statement Disk Space Control</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0895.html">Kernel Resources</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0896.html">Cost-based Vacuum Delay</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0898.html">Asynchronous I/O Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0893.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0893.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Memory</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__acbb76234d062444a8720220723f2bae7">This section describes memory parameters.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__n1e7f23b49248441192895b90b4c59fe1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a9dfe1037d1494d578fb3d6fe9f2bc709">Parameters described in this section take effect only after the database service restarts.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s20184c6797a14675b4972596f4875925"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_memory_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__abae5884d428a419ebb2c78cf543a5927"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_a8d0c6925bad24927bf0963c32df90f0f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the logical memory management module.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1323514620588"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b4105143671610">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ac12c69103e05467883bf23ffb1ed8a1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b983847124">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__u9a55f24d96084db28686c9479ffbdef2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l6038d602c1534a2085bd0bd7b0756560"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b8423527061008">on</strong> indicates the logic memory management module is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l30cbadad8bae4eb7a631b7055ef60e68"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270610032">off</strong> indicates the logic memory management module is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p916634113910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b11339164413215">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b034012448210">on</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__note1911124396"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p9920125393">If the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706164747">max_process_memory</strong> - <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706164843">shared_buffer</strong> - <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706164850">cstore_buffers</strong> is less than 2 GB, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text1474691755">GaussDB(DWS)</span> forcibly sets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706164913">enable_memory_limit</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706164917">off</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sadc1e0e8c1c246a4a6cad3967deebaad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sadc1e0e8c1c246a4a6cad3967deebaad"></a><a name="sadc1e0e8c1c246a4a6cad3967deebaad"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_process_memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a53eb6c5bf07b4727aab3e3115a9f50ff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_af52cec9923704d7b853e747a421a063d">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum physical memory of a database node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p362318577589"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b5257193601613">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a1c994b25be6b47dca23f821f640ff5b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b203533581975">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 x 1024 x 1024 to INT_MAX/2. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a08b4f50bb07d4e17aec84a63c619d652"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b15361143893">Default value</strong>: The value is automatically adapted by non-secondary DNs. The formula is (Physical memory size) x 0.6/(1 + Number of primary DNs). If the result is less than 2 GB, 2 GB is used by default. The default size of the secondary DN is 12 GB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aab35f3b5765c45d5bef7391ef5ea5e17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b415217514913">Setting suggestions:</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa85d46afebc1485db6a84be96ef7a360">On DNs, the value of this parameter is determined based on the physical system memory and the number of DNs deployed on a single node. Parameter value = (Physical memory – <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270618211">vm.min_free_kbytes</strong>) x 0.7/(n + Number of primary DNs). This parameter aims to ensure system reliability, preventing node OOM caused by increasing memory usage. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b8423527061848">vm.min_free_kbytes</strong> indicates OS memory reserved for kernels to receive and send data. Its value is at least 5% of the total memory. That is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b10956594152">max_process_memory</strong> = Physical memory x 0.665/(n + Number of primary DNs). If the cluster scale (number of nodes in the cluster) is smaller than 256, n=1; if the cluster scale is larger than 256 and smaller than 512, n=2; if the cluster scale is larger than 512, n=3.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a2c302a331b514dbf86506fa895532a9b">Set this parameter on CNs to the same value as that on DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aac6651d0559d4f8dbf8f29b67f71f824">RAM is the maximum memory allocated to the cluster.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753"></a><a name="s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">shared_buffers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ab13aedfb466945b989a68f6841e03b30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_a634b4083704d458d8aa1b0625bb017ba">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of shared memory used by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text1290229906">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. If this parameter is set to a large value, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text90725607">GaussDB(DWS)</span> may require more System V shared memory than the default setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p57408820595"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b540863618164">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a26045bf3ea764992b5d7f5205e04a60e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085031695_b23455951">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 128 to INT_MAX. The unit is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa0a8f30f9bb2448ea266e71f4d6f9997">Changing the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b14119131718914">BLCKSZ</strong> will result in a change in the minimum value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b16119171717915">shared_buffers</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ab7b3221349934d99a64321c8bee4119b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b727904018912">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b4654195919916">512 MB</strong> for CNs and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b16773291018">1 GB</strong> for DNs. If the maximum value allowed by the OS is smaller than 32 MB, this parameter will be automatically changed to the maximum value allowed by the OS during database initialization.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a77837c0b9f6243f79140868c3f0c0441"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b7839173071018">Setting suggestions:</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a3accc27ef2c54bcd8a43ab2e88485045">Set this parameter for DNs to a value greater than that for CNs, because <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text1842878328">GaussDB(DWS)</span> pushes most of its queries down to DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a65c5d2025fc74e82a32cf6335d2a88b1">It is recommended that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b361983817108">shared_buffers</strong> be set to a value less than 40% of the memory. Set it to a large value for row-store tables and a small value for column-store tables. For column-store tables: shared_buffers = (Memory of a single server/Number of DNs on the single server) x 0.4 x 0.25</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa01ec1333ed54e1a9bdd9bf07ac8b8f6">If you want to increase the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1983551111010">shared_buffers</strong>, you also need to increase the value of <a href="dws_04_0902.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5">checkpoint_segments</a>, because a longer period of time is required to write a large amount of new or changed data.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sa113688c33b04423b87e58778af0e6a2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bulk_write_ring_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a9b4c49566baa4d0c8bf2fa5d7aa89b6e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_a5d15f656796e45adbc283eb071726946">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of the ring buffer used for data parallel import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p196107204597"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b8326374167">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a55ff05c938fa42bfa70a415edab6155e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b168391819303">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 16384 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ad69fdc72c7284d399eb23b7c5e7f56aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b573446154754">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270617188">2 GB</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa6dd6edd27c24a38a68eb246cf0babcb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_b13212128153737">Setting suggestions</strong>: Increase the value of this parameter on DNs if a large amount of data is to be imported.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s5575450815df4c1a94862e18ad8ae7c7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">temp_buffers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a449d096b8f994796b960dd40ca1b1517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_en-us_topic_0058967553_b53579353">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum size of local temporary buffers used by each database session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p45971231011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b174567419167">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a842602bad84a49d69c64a7c3dd2e6e6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b395854245319">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 800 to INT_MAX/2. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a9fe06563c6b9411dad3a2621fde4c46d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b5735075_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706103633">8 MB</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__note1137424211"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ul1182342010120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__li1282310201110">This parameter can be modified only before the first use of temporary tables within each session. Subsequent attempts to change the value of this parameter will not take effect on that session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__li98235203115">Based on the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b35988657114945">temp_buffers</strong>, a session allocates temporary buffers as required. The cost of setting a large value in sessions that do not require many temporary buffers is only a buffer descriptor. If a buffer is used, 8192 bytes will be consumed for it.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7f44489cfdce4bbea287150fb7333b9e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7f44489cfdce4bbea287150fb7333b9e"></a><a name="s7f44489cfdce4bbea287150fb7333b9e"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_prepared_transactions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a416c3db7af684d91addee1d8eb9b8ceb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_b57601755121714">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of transactions that can stay in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_b8760195515173">prepared</strong> state simultaneously. If this parameter is set to a large value, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text121139121111">GaussDB(DWS)</span> may require more System V shared memory than the default setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__af5cf8c7797e044268c3038e645dd2466">When <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text1986969902">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is deployed as an HA system, set this parameter on the standby server to the same value or a value greater than that on the primary server. Otherwise, queries will fail on the standby server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p0299584111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b241457161718">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p175351852"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b19185214205412">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 536870911. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2742910546">800</strong> indicates that the prepared transaction feature is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a90db78c7479647279334e481a5193044"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032678_b28411408276">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032678_b998114172710">800</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__note139371481857"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a2770827fa8974c7aab9119dba173f832">Set this parameter to a value greater than or equal to that of <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__s2d671f584b5647a19255e7c6a3d116aa">max_connections</a> to avoid failures in preparation.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7be4202f202f4ccc8ecee5816cf7b2ab"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7be4202f202f4ccc8ecee5816cf7b2ab"></a><a name="s7be4202f202f4ccc8ecee5816cf7b2ab"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">work_mem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a4d718eada595460dbda1aecb9224ee3e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_en-us_topic_0058967553_b7672461">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory used for internal sort operations and hash tables before data is written into temporary disk files. Sort operations are used for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b8445072114945">ORDER BY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b8896787114945">DISTINCT</strong>, and merge joins. Hash tables are required for Hash joins as well as Hash-based aggregations and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270611117">IN</strong> subqueries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a8f4a2a083b5b4a7e8f23372ebf5f84ef">For a complex query, several sort or Hash operations may be running in parallel; each operation will be allowed to use as much memory as this value specifies. If the memory is insufficient, data is written into temporary files. In addition, several running sessions could be performing such operations concurrently. Therefore, the total memory used may be many times the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b12147121716918">work_mem</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p98500231720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1218110816175">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a1ef69f3a8b814f3da1623963166c0b77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b107764471347">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 64 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aaaa800699caa4638b95c940fb426378d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2107221467">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270617242">64 MB</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__abc5eb5d820c649aa827099f816045cae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_b11589040163543">Setting suggestions</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a836d7fac84df482aa98b9e2607c0b053">If the physical memory specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b19295151511579">work_mem</strong> is insufficient, additional operator calculation data will be written into temporary tables based on query characteristics and the degree of parallelism. This reduces performance by five to ten times, and prolongs the query response time from seconds to minutes.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__u718a3b30e9e641ec9e79705dd08869ab"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__le7602efd88b14ba6a7fc576e15a101fb">In complex serial query scenarios, each query requires five to ten associated operations. Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706141733">work_mem</strong> using the following formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706141729">work_mem</strong> = 50% of the memory/10.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l9024241d7da24471be68210b22b69c7c">In simple serial query scenarios, each query requires two to five associated operations. Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270614180">work_mem</strong> using the following formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270614188">work_mem</strong> = 50% of the memory/5.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ldb55233f7e934d47adb0283d01e71959">For concurrent queries, use the formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1028598712115851">work_mem</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706105224">work_mem</strong> in serialized scenario/Number of concurrent SQL statements.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sb55b56f971f54ebd88cbc13e2847f27b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">query_mem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a4b112a1fbc144edb9155d0ddbd752932"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b19501215194515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory used by query. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1167549114619">query_mem</strong> is greater than 0, the optimizer adjusts the estimated query memory to this value when generating an execution plan.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1157613516315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2415179141710">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a057b28fbc9b14c349fab7ac8ba598c3c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b06066431474">Value range</strong>: 0 or an integer greater than 32. The default unit is KB. If the value is set to a negative value or less than 32 MB, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2356142113119">0</strong> is used. In this case, the optimizer does not adjust the estimated query memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa19c1dc3a8f54f139171555d7b742fca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b13915259151516">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706165429">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__section1258420917117"><h4 class="sectiontitle">query_max_mem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p9584189617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b13979115164917">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum memory that can be used by query. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b3379173875019">query_max_mem</strong> is greater than 0, an error is reported when the query memory usage exceeds the value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p6251841937"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b11813209111716">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p45851891119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b165291644135420">Value range</strong>: 0 or an integer greater than 32 MB. The default unit is KB. If the value is set to a negative value or less than 32 MB, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_b15198487519">0</strong> is used. In this case, the query memory will not be limited based on the value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p9585791715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b906821815">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b907040545">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sfbfa78b6871442cb85a84a425335ce38"><h4 class="sectiontitle">maintenance_work_mem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a6e4c75d261aa460c9dc1702edccc46a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b57829572">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the maximum size of memory to be used for maintenance operations, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b815218171197">VACUUM</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2152141719912">CREATE INDEX</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b11524171598">ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY</strong>. This parameter may affect the execution efficiency of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1489381516486">VACUUM</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1257211924811">VACUUM FULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b492352212483">CLUSTER</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b136001416489">CREATE INDEX</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p198401349730"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1312719105171">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a0db747d55ecf478e8b292ae6847d98c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b12218513515">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1024 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a824de0e080584392bf7772074d820696"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706143319">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706123151">128 MB</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_p153573115056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_b496488716367">Setting suggestions</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__u51dee4cc6c024f2ca53da3c1b0862796"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__le0188fc2893044c3ab317cfb023e11ef">The value of this parameter must be greater than that of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7be4202f202f4ccc8ecee5816cf7b2ab">work_mem</a> so database dump files can be more quickly cleared or restored. In a database session, only one maintenance operation can be performed at a time. Maintenance is usually performed when there are not much sessions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__la6d54b9a663a4514b6fb00f5cf8a12cd">When the <a href="dws_04_0923.html">Automatic Cleanup</a> process is running, up to <a href="dws_04_0923.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac">autovacuum_max_workers</a> times of this memory may be allocated. Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2958042181115">maintenance_work_mem</strong> to a value equal to or larger than the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7be4202f202f4ccc8ecee5816cf7b2ab">work_mem</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l1c61ac25f2224fd0b59452ef7ae9e16c">If a large amount of data needs to be processed in the cluster, increase the value of this parameter in sessions.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s1883c06368ec4e25809a0f9304de0838"><h4 class="sectiontitle">psort_work_mem</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a52100b3f912446f8ac236c4ed86f1a11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_b7672461">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory used for internal sort operations on column-store tables before data is written into temporary disk files. This parameter can be used for inserting tables with a partial cluster key or index, creating a table index, and deleting or updating a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1630543411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b116211510121713">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__n3fdae2587a704ce888343b2d12cdc8e2"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__addc58e006d404987925cd30b86289710">Multiple running sessions may perform partial sorting on a table at the same time. Therefore, the total memory usage may be several times of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b358934320306">psort_work_mem</strong> value.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ab0348360693243e09ffc9cd036b27355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b19148261440">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 64 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a69debddb302e4b6d8242b719e76dca00"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b179398424">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706171333">512 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s7d46a1bde1a54bb48be75dc350579bd0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_loaded_cudesc</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a9b235e1ae61b4f7aa7e20d8837cc63b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b780245110">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of loaded CuDescs per column when a column-store table is scanned. Increasing the value will improve the query performance and increase the memory usage, particularly when there are many columns in the column tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p740135651"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b12997536103214">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__acb664285ab5743c1860340dcf7c373e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b37827294415">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 100 to INT_MAX/2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a58a1e3dbce7e479587bf33b354f55bd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706174334">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706174338">1024</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__n5fc2189631e548d48f63de246467a9a3"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a919870a0411048a5bd9759c92c885e6c">When the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706201737">max_loaded_cudesc</strong> is set to a large value, the memory may be insufficient.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s58c856a5f8644e78ad18ca4907b3b2d8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_stack_depth</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ab4a305c08b8b435986122f0a85796605"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_en-us_topic_0059777577_en-us_topic_0058967553_b27289114">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum safe depth of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text1980935584">GaussDB(DWS)</span> execution stack. The safety margin is required because the stack depth is not checked in every routine in the server, but only in key potentially-recursive routines, such as expression evaluation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p861915016618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b912515487412">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__abca44778d3cd4181913b58920172ce3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b159456205318">Configuration principles</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__u439ce43ee40347ab8f2e5972e6d4fcc6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__lc375f2dd970042539bcc171b54e672f3">The ideal value of this parameter is the maximum stack size enforced by the kernel (value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1616111719912">ulimit -s</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l7e1bb69b9ba2470394f61c4507752ed7">If this parameter is set to a value greater than the actual kernel limit, a running recursive function may crash an individual backend process. In an OS where <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text788197789">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can check the kernel limit, such as the SLES, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__text8205153511212">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will prevent this parameter from being set to a value greater than the kernel limit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l5e062bca3fd84065978ea9b0a67db6a7">Since not all the OSs provide this function, you are advised to set this parameter to a specific value.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ac8f0835ddb0a454c88d58c20431ae293"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b836815341513">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 100 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a0d6175ba0b4f40a58ffe233cddd8660d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b18421943142113">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b7422943182119">2 MB</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__note96593318719"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p0659731077"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1126319617255">2 MB</strong> is a small value and will not incur system breakdown in general, but may lead to execution failures of complex functions.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s709ee860890d4770b02842052b1d7dcf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cstore_buffers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a89455377567f45b1ae13510f4a6cefc5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b16912058195411">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of the shared buffer used by ORC, Parquet, or CarbonData data of column-store tables and OBS or HDFS column-store foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p481083145411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b3197394321">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__acee9171893fb4589ad3c309919a42b0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1158016134519">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 16384 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__aa9861af468bc46218e2b1667450cf427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0058967784_b4034845193810_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b986065221518">32 MB</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_p198299011418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_b46633967163321">Setting suggestions</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a620a03efa1a140cfac656f13ff005f2a">Column-store tables use the shared buffer specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706205810">cstore_buffers</strong> instead of that specified by <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753">shared_buffers</a>. When column-store tables are mainly used, reduce the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270621050">shared_buffers</strong> and increase that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270621056">cstore_buffers</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p724705845320">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706174427">cstore_buffers</strong> to specify the cache of ORC, Parquet, or CarbonData metadata and data for OBS or HDFS foreign tables. The metadata cache size should be 1/4 of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706174515">cstore_buffers</strong> and not exceed 2 GB. The remaining cache is shared by column-store data and foreign table column-store data.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s48ff451293ab49f6a7380d8c6aff8d3b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_orc_cache</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a6c9a1e989ba94bceb0ddf8c0f237a90b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b86457391183">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to reserve 1/4 of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b15239125911817">cstore_buffers</strong> for storing ORC metadata when the cstore buffer is initialized.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p173966271383"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b4418339163215">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a8131d5ae0ed749528d186e2678e77b55"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b11726123801211">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a02f2972aebc54c888c3dd8120a0d8ef8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b5273740171210">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b145432592912">on</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b145442562914"></strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ua0eaec3fb8c54fca8e4795c9da05a5fb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__ld06fa13499f04e53aad357e814c2e2b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0085032388_b84235270693717">on</strong> indicates that the ORC metadata is cached, which improves the query performance of the HDFS table but occupies the column-store buffer resources. As a result, the column-store performance is compromised.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__l1f999f05110d4a37a7d84a389b43eb1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b84235270693636">off</strong> indicates that the ORC metadata is not cached.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__section176637461223"><h4 class="sectiontitle">schedule_splits_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p76638469219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b12176419145716">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of files that can be stored in memory when you schedule an HDFS foreign table. If the number is exceeded, all files in the list will be spilled to disk for scheduling.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p111301028992"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b13931339163218">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p2663846025"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b35751844115915">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1574810101956"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b249719428573">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b167471247135719">60000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s276a71e500934b1b9cd238e4ef76cec9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bulk_read_ring_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a20dc08e0c6644c7e8745dfd921fbd43e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__en-us_topic_0059777577_a7e1dbd4a7c754824ba68c56399297af0">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of the ring buffer used for data parallel export.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1518316391091"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1141315406326">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a33c109b8794f497e9dd150dd8492ac1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b451723717519">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 256 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__a7883899bf2c94378a7ffbbbe2512024a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b26917141">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b842352706104513">16 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__section16707110164714"><h4 class="sectiontitle">check_cu_size_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p170714064718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b97791523616">Parameter description</strong>: If the amount of data inserted to a CU is greater than the value of this parameter when data is inserted to a column-store table, the system starts row-level size verification to prevent the generation of a CU whose size is greater than 1 GB (non-compressed size).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1170714094711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1512795617159">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1170718014711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b2989134218134">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1024. The unit is MB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__p1770716054714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b1058360057101232">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__b4588181795210">1024 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0894.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0894.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d9ed4b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0894.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Statement Disk Space Control</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__en-us_topic_0059778485_p765354514118">This section describes parameters related to statement disk space control, which are used to limit the disk space usage of statements.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__section96522431611"><h4 class="sectiontitle">sql_use_spacelimit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p2686151810715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b847791764817">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the space size for files to be spilled to disks when a single SQL statement is executed on a single DN. The managed space includes the space occupied by ordinary tables, temporary tables, and intermediate result sets to be flushed to disks. System administrators are also restricted by this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p1518316391091"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b154371356124512">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p7414164761018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1343249486">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b163601014122818">–1</strong> indicates no limit.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p941544711019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1254752973419">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b6548162917346">–1</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p208861529518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b069519580563">Setting suggestion</strong>: You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1832717141577">sql_use_spacelimit</strong> to 10% of the total disk space where DNs reside. If two DNs exist on a single disk, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1784912573">sql_use_spacelimit</strong> to 5% of the total disk space.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__note72681330123513"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p03551937173518">For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b16984162134817">sql_use_spacelimit</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b18985162119483">100</strong> in the statement and the amount data spilled to disks on a single DN exceeds 100 KB, DWS stops the query and displays a message of threshold exceeding.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__screen16546133551618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">104</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kB</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exceeded</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kB</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p39691145171714">Handling suggestion:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__ul21123621820"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__li17112163186">Optimize the statement to reduce the data spilled to disks. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__li121129611815">If the disk space is sufficient, increase the value of this parameter.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__s4c0c451fb0ee406d8eb0fbb9f3cd3200"><h4 class="sectiontitle">temp_file_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__aca5571d47798431f9f9eb3883904a023"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b12779175354818">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the total space for files spilled to disks in a single thread. For example, temporary files used by sorting and hash tables or cursors are controlled by this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__ae475a85a72c24dd7ac39150abf15d31f">This is a session-level setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p1366511111425"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b11105135712454">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__ab312c5a5f6e84309823c194e88f50569"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b26071931482">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1862913622">–1</strong> indicates no limit.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__a2bed2fbcca1140909447a8a957507bd1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b53628433514291">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b164450946414291">–1</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__nf08c20d4c8c3407f9aa6df0b9b7f8416"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__a70d394806cb2410680db14c721d93944">This parameter does not apply to disk space occupied by temporary tablespaces used for executing SQL queries.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__section72361353101011"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bi_page_reuse_factor</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p144111326121110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b547143916183">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the percentage of idle space of old pages that can be reused when page replication is used for data synchronization between primary and standby DNs in the scenario where data is inserted into row-store tables in batches.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p1679420371218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1810416406204">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p13368182510128"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b256119490207">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 100. The value is a percentage. Value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b982361183813">0</strong> indicates that the old pages are not reused and new pages are requested.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__p1740433491219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b132142011375">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1890624816389">70</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__note41321944131214"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__ul12271156101512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__li747265513446">In an upgrade, the default value of this parameter is the same as that in the cluster before the upgrade. In a newly installed 8.1.1.500 cluster, the default value of this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b1947101116506">0</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__li12271205641517">You are not advised to set this parameter to a value less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b119778113913">50</strong> (except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b06341953396">0</strong>). If the idle space of the reused page is small, too much old page data will be transmitted between the primary and standby DNs. As a result, the batch insertion performance deteriorates.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__li11027018166">You are not advised to set this parameter to a value greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b976344314399">90</strong>. If this parameter is set to a value greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694789__b917033124120">90</strong>, idle pages will be frequently queried, but old pages cannot be reused.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0895.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0895.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ada38a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0895.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Kernel Resources</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__ac4978a847af4485b940d344c992e3006">This section describes kernel resource parameters. Whether these parameters take effect depends on OS settings.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__s9e3ac3d41fa54fcf9770443ffb03ee38"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_files_per_process</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__aeb7b110201444593b56b0512acfef131"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__en-us_topic_0059778187_en-us_topic_0058967640_b7257711">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of simultaneously open files allowed by each server process. If the kernel is enforcing a proper limit, setting this parameter is not required.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__af2d74a11e86641b090acd3868ad0d94c">But on some platforms, especially on most BSD systems, the kernel allows independent processes to open far more files than the system can really support. If the message "Too many open files" is displayed, try to reduce the setting. Generally, the number of file descriptors must be greater than or equal to the maximum number of concurrent tasks multiplied by the number of primary DNs on the current physical machine (*max_files_per_process*3).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__p173966271383"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__b023531817172">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__a27caac85a89a44bdbffe3b5145a7fa72"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__b49049412812">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 25 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__af7bd15b230eb4aa6944c73413a3118f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__b77447017616429">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134900__b3061407016429">1000</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0896.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0896.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb7a4b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0896.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Cost-based Vacuum Delay</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0059778692_p11105168622">This feature allows administrators to reduce the I/O impact of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b12290129171310">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b10291129101316">ANALYZE</strong> statements on concurrent database activities. It is often more important to prevent maintenance statements, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b135261659145414">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1752645925411">ANALYZE</strong>, from affecting other database operations than to run them quickly. Cost-based vacuum delay provides a way for administrators to achieve this purpose.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__note11169193713198"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p3491194881410">Certain operations hold critical locks and should be complete as quickly as possible. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__text1752061080">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, cost-based vacuum delays do not take effect during such operations. To avoid uselessly long delays in such cases, the actual delay is calculated as follows and is the maximum value of the following calculation results:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__ul64914484143"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__li10491104871412">vacuum_cost_delay*accumulated_balance/vacuum_cost_limit</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__li104911648181418">vacuum_cost_delay*4</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__s5f98a782f6444eb685fe269a85a69787"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__ada3c60518c98426285be74c8adda3d01">During the execution of the ANALYZE | ANALYSE and VACUUM statements, the system maintains an internal counter that keeps track of the estimated cost of the various I/O operations that are performed. When the accumulated cost reaches a limit (specified by <strong>vacuum_cost_limit</strong>), the process performing the operation will sleep for a short period of time (specified by <strong>vacuum_cost_delay</strong>). Then, the counter resets and the operation continues.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__a09f0054dddf448feae90555acf3f721a">By default, this feature is disabled. To enable this feature, set <strong>vacuum_cost_delay</strong> to a value other than 0.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__section117926911015"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_cost_delay</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p25101158201012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0059778187_en-us_topic_0058967640_b9255475">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the length of time that the process will sleep when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b5549194651914">vacuum_cost_limit</strong> has been exceeded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p1518316391091"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b58404385173">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p118914174282"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b106531657681">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 100. The unit is millisecond (ms). A positive number enables cost-based vacuum delay and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b122615199313">0</strong> disables cost-based vacuum delay.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__a916b4ec249094ee583e83464e89f5dd8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b186431436122917">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1064483612914">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__note159701275179"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__ul625661216184"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__li1625671215189">On many systems, the effective resolution of sleep length is 10 ms. Therefore, setting this parameter to a value that is not a multiple of 10 has the same effect as setting it to the next higher multiple of 10.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__li123131426141919">This parameter is set to a small value, such as 10 or 20 milliseconds. Adjusting vacuum's resource consumption is best done by changing other parameters.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__section1288159151015"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_cost_page_hit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p164696610159"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1687885441">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the estimated cost for vacuuming a buffer found in the shared buffer. It represents the cost to lock the buffer pool, look up the shared Hash table, and scan the page.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p147317341201"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b10728899197">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p119652441520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b17985191018915">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 10000. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p93096307155"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__a4c25757a8859417e8d363ca9016b506c">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0058967566_b56157513619462">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__section165681910191413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_cost_page_miss</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p17962114241512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1312321336">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the estimated cost for vacuuming a buffer read from the disk. It represents the cost to lock the buffer pool, look up the shared Hash table, read the desired block from the disk, and scan the block.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p62811348172011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b9770161317193">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p1013685132812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1019882512917">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 10000. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p996394281513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0059778487_a69c0ed76f7a6489cbb26a65ec66507af">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706201318">10</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__section412883521410"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_cost_page_dirty</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p460219464153"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b1801902395">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the estimated cost charged when vacuum modifies a block that was previously clean. It represents the I/Os required to flush the dirty block out to disk again.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p435312112119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b89942161919">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p164299162914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b285817282920">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 10000. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p8602546181516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__en-us_topic_0059779078_a937850c620024da6b6db471938c675a3">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b842352706164045">20</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__section1557591091412"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_cost_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p466616495158"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b2036305007">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the cost limit. The cleanup process will sleep if this limit is exceeded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p171801117192115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b18836834101918">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p1667124901516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b15828744896">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 10000. The unit is ms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__p1066824917150"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b842352706142641">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654986__b842352706142642">200</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0898.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0898.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7abd9f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0898.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Asynchronous I/O Operations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__sf18d1368b44a45a68de6ca9e975a8e77"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_adio_debug</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a3eefaf0871fd4849a83a969cfc67ca5a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_a109e5ee23a734e7ea650d070f3413d6c">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether O&amp;M personnel are allowed to generate some ADIO logs to locate ADIO issues. This parameter is used only by developers. Common users are advised not to use it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p18312194119317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b1783416012234">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a8d2cc5c6adb84537ac3da571b7aa9c6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778487_aa1fc9bedad6b4779a216c176c5046dcc">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__u1903e405a11149ce9fa8addc3c06b3be"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__l622550f5ea85463e8b0b0ee7e0469273"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706102618">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b84235270611225">true</strong> indicates the log switch is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__l0864563c41a6474da2c46a77f640f152"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706102625">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706112227">false</strong> indicates the log switch is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a3178b4dcd92b4db992cf310264fb2c7d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b14485191810400">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b24877187409">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__s9ecf8b98172d4255a3affe4970e11f39"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_fast_allocate</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a7f4fab7a86b148d9aef376c002c682a8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_a67cf89f508664cba9af034968fe95953">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the quick allocation switch of the disk space is enabled. This switch can be enabled only in the XFS file system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p1530123020336"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b944016314234">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a7bb8d838cdf54e1c9181ca343cfa7ee6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b127745501">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__ucc08d334b1724739a3bfd51dc6a7e09f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__l817d5431dcb04db4b9e7338e132c0184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b802570653">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b1151962413">true</strong> indicates that this function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__l4cfd6d2de4ca404398155d4eb2ba7012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b2090904131">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b353870864">false</strong> indicates that the function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__aee252c6cdd8c443ca3170b51dffe5fe1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b2948181912401">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b69504197405">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__s385ba4b4603140c8865930209a62c6a3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">prefetch_quantity</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a3137eebb37404e9a93bf1248947bffd4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_en-us_topic_0058967784_b25941690">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of row-store prefetches using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p128281733143419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b312917612310">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__aa8bf52050e2048fea295b855430d5ea7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b29791968172314">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1024 to 1048576. The unit is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a14b53d78e1d3404e9b2a0383a9f1eec5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0058967784_b4034845193810_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706112720">32 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__sbc8ec9ebcfc640e2a24ff43fc1ff4be7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">backwrite_quantity</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a4dd1e597e8684e7ca3387b3e3a71cb71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_aa98c8bbf28c448d78d2b47b1fd570b5a">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of row-store writes using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p148301157353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b125886611238">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a8e81cc6071ae46c4b165bf1deef05441"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b54663584615">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1024 to 1048576. The unit is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a398a5ad4ec764503b1dc1f1d314a09cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b5735075_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706103633">8MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__s5c15fa7d33a7478587eb5f1a2c3f2e21"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cstore_prefetch_quantity</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a21c2b1bdeaf249f8a2be884d5491735b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_a48280c27c53a4ec295287d3f3dbc767d">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of column-store prefetches using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p88871315143515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b133345752317">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a6373ef9464884807b18fccb0b7eaf7a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0085033176_en-us_topic_0059778686_a8791c882938f4e6c9ae407641e405449">Value range</strong>: an integer. The value range is from 1024 to 1048576 and the unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a3f3557b6481c4a67a263967a0f3a4602"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b437255490">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b1195629363">32 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__sa690f9f51849458e982e1a6ca69363c0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cstore_backwrite_quantity</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__acc6e3528a50c4a8ba2635f243d4eaec2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_af13e9353c4b74526b9074a68685f3522">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of column-store writes using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p118301124163513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b7797147112316">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a6451f48b5b86414991a3be333ef389f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b1904301376">Value range</strong>: an integer. The value range is from 1024 to 1048576 and the unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a975801a4554442e4b3a429659c793f9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b911056934">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b214492099">8MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__seaab60884f1c414aac0196dfdb4cb0c6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cstore_backwrite_max_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a487d757da470400ea5de3cf6c8397eea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_a9ba629bc662648429ce76d1cb6fa9123">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of column-store writes buffered in the database using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p14479935143513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b5158813231">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a989d8c501ed44edea2d2a688b9eecf3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0085033176_en-us_topic_0059778686_a12aff2b535754af2851176a2e69ea575">Value range</strong>: An integer. The value range is from 4096 to INT_MAX/2 and the unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a2f1f5eb35f1746bfaf47647c5cc73379"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b573446154754">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b84235270617188">2 GB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__s049e3eefe5b74beb8961d1e4d0326faa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">fast_extend_file_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__afbe602f900f7466cb0ca05afd855a642"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_aacfa07a1399f49838e7aa89be9732d1b">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the disk size that the row-store pre-scales using the ADIO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p19440346153516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b11199128132310">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__aff6cae05dfe14535804cc63bd4f48f03"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b2033908926">Value range</strong>: an integer. The value range is from 1024 to 1048576 and the unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a5b5978c2ead44ffb80d1eba6edb4131f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b1002792079">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b955991548">8MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__sb1e39f7916124015a9460f0c46dd9ab5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">effective_io_concurrency</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a6f9c59ea3f094f1c885c8fa4753d53b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_b57302975171119">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of requests that can be simultaneously processed by the disk subsystem. For the RAID array, the parameter value must be the number of disk drive spindles in the array.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__p18215142243619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b4407186239">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a98e50d2bf7c047bda60ddd93648b04a8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__en-us_topic_0059778686_b48212676171119">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__a76461f6ed1514058ae84275849c3991f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b3158552610564">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145495059__b842352706173228">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0892.html">Resource Consumption</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0899.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0899.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfe9b5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0899.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Parallel Data Import</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_p43933257214"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__text521906563">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a parallel data import function that enables a large amount of data to be imported in a fast and efficient manner. This section describes parameters for importing data in parallel in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__text915019498">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__sd65ae1e8226f4611819e91ce8b6a35fb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__sd65ae1e8226f4611819e91ce8b6a35fb"></a><a name="sd65ae1e8226f4611819e91ce8b6a35fb"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">raise_errors_if_no_files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a0e7fcd9485f441ccb5a441b0d15086e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0085031717_en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b842352706141458_1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether distinguish between the problems "the number of imported file records is empty" and "the imported file does not exist". If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0085031717_b1890635111174818">true</strong> and the problem "the imported file does not exist" occurs, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__text1637145474">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will report the error message "file does not exist".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p19440346153516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b13724172212119">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__aea5307db2fae47b19209f60faedb4ced"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_ad85dacdea1944c4497ff2efa2feec6fd">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__ue4e6935b8e2448ec8effda351a630e5f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__l86cb570ea3e6448395b0afccbdc293af"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b842352706141458_3">on</strong> indicates the messages of "the number of imported file records is empty" and "the imported file does not exist" are distinguished when files are imported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__l06f96e2f02c9488f8ac9a3d95c3d7f68"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b842352706141458_5">off</strong> indicates the messages of "the number of imported file records is empty" and "the imported file does not exist" are not distinguished when files are imported.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a48325d2d88dc49bcbf6dc365aa936fdc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b2827021">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b842352706113251">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s9d2ce4e6e9ea4f6a8a8df3e3a7ddadd8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s9d2ce4e6e9ea4f6a8a8df3e3a7ddadd8"></a><a name="s9d2ce4e6e9ea4f6a8a8df3e3a7ddadd8"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">partition_mem_batch</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a0a89b0dc20d54097807ec099f52b3cb9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b106151928181813">Parameter description</strong>: To optimize the inserting of column-store partitioned tables in batches, data is cached during the inserting process and then written to the disk in batches. You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b5403163681817">partition_mem_batch</strong> to specify the number of buffers. If the value is too large, much memory will be consumed. If it is too small, the performance of inserting column-store partitioned tables in batches will deteriorate.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p18215142243619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b0730122318219">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a71d747ffa7ef43719ac9d36308cbc778"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b84235270612620">Value range</strong>: 1 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a571471fb5f344ec6bb5cc658848b65f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_a31255a9b28764f4998a4562fb745362f">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b84235270619416">256</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s004b2931955e4e549caeb98b2f2723af"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__s004b2931955e4e549caeb98b2f2723af"></a><a name="s004b2931955e4e549caeb98b2f2723af"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">partition_max_cache_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a89abd5b284a842828cd87eea5bc48ff0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b9717944105610">Parameter description</strong>: To optimize the inserting of column-store partitioned tables in batches, data is cached during the inserting process and then written to the disk in batches. You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b870671513192">partition_max_cache_size</strong> to specify the size of the data buffer. If the value is too large, much memory will be consumed. If it is too small, the performance of inserting column-store partitioned tables in batches will deteriorate.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p1975429153716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b321724142115">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__aff7b568c685d43a4b0d3b783e72ef526"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b3791111320572">Value range</strong>: 4096 to INT_MAX/2. The minimum unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__a0b351a451966436aa05adbc30342bd0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b573446154754">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__en-us_topic_0059778176_en-us_topic_0058967645_b842352706194213">2 GB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__section443558135218"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gds_debug_mod</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p84364819529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b842352706121742">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the debug function of Gauss Data Service (GDS). This parameter is used to better locate and analyze GDS faults. After the debug function is enabled, types of packets received or sent by GDS, peer end of GDS during command interaction, and other interaction information about GDS are written into the logs of corresponding nodes. In this way, state switching on the GaussDB state machine and the current state are recorded. If this function is enabled, additional log I/O resources will be consumed, affecting log performance and validity. You are advised to enable this function only when locating GDS faults.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p109551819123711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b114762240213">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p9437208155216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b881116225910">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__udd21f55ee1dc4f7fb357257d0d644323"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__l61c5e182b637411a98cb21bf5d5b5dab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b51302555234322">on</strong> indicates that the GDS debug function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__l0beb62455e6c4ece864702ddc4fe3300"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b198664191534322">off</strong> indicates that the GDS debug function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p174394885212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b2041592066">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b1569175152">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__section1035224982816"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_delta_store</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p36094426233"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b4172171691911">Parameter description</strong>: This parameter has been discarded. You can set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b19371344191918">on</strong> for forward compatibility, but the setting will not take effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p33521549172813">For details about how to enable the delta table function of column-store tables, see the table-level parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b1896311589498">enable_delta</strong> in "CREATE TABLE" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__i1447304342311">SQL Syntax</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p11355934103713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b16149121019203">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p133521549182813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b11220522142011">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__ul335224952816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__li12353184910288"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b1573145842319">on</strong> indicates that the delta table function of column-store tables is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__li735311496281"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b818281722418">off</strong> indicates that the delta table function of column-store tables is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__p163531490286"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b1553172722416">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134526__b553327202410">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0900.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0900.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9969ead7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0900.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494797"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494797"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Write Ahead Logs</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0901.html">Settings</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0902.html">Checkpoints</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0903.html">Archiving</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0901.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0901.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05e0eb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0901.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Settings</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__s9be202a993664326975a0e79a16d60c0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__s9be202a993664326975a0e79a16d60c0"></a><a name="s9be202a993664326975a0e79a16d60c0"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_level</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a53cba7f026b84983bebeb0eabad6c9c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_en-us_topic_0058967585_b32157864">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the level of the information that is written to WALs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p11355934103713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1428616774616">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a3b8c71f4864f4e9d9ad4aff16c9d8d2a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_en-us_topic_0058967585_b32231495">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__uc96941a3701c417dac4e41c52c59a14f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__laef45d91f09e4fa19528348a96628275">minimal<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__aeb336641a4ee41e48436f3972fdfc31d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__laef45d91f09e4fa19528348a96628275"></a><a name="laef45d91f09e4fa19528348a96628275"></a>Advantages: Certain bulk operations (including creating tables and indexes, executing cluster operations, and copying tables) are safely skipped in logging, which can make those operations much faster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ae93f0a3687df4020a6627f4445df132c">Disadvantages: WALs only contain basic information required for the recovery from a database server crash or an emergency shutdown. Archived WALs cannot be used to restore data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l197f5121181b4527b797794440b13924">archive<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ac3796cf76e6441a7a0b114a438797a9a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l197f5121181b4527b797794440b13924"></a><a name="l197f5121181b4527b797794440b13924"></a>Adds logging required for WAL archiving, supporting the database restoration from archives.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__lb94c580b741e4320a14af00e3c979039">hot_standby<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__u572d6c9e69984083be87fd7ddecbcad9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l43fc3f0675bc425f83e6295819f20879">Further adds information required to run SQL queries on a standby server and takes effect after a server restart.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l20f65680e03447b1865efaceeeb42f9b">To enable read-only queries on a standby server, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b0841614102214">wal_level</strong> parameter must be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1184112145227">hot_standby</strong> on the primary server and the same value must be set on the standby server. There is little measurable difference in performance between using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b18841814202220">hot_standby</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b108413142228">archive</strong> levels, so feedback is welcome if any production performance impacts are noticeable.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a5b02ca9a62d14d478ceb00cb446a12b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b60786481_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b842352706165840">hot_standby</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__n30534c50e76c4f50be0ffa77526ffdde"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__u6715cc8bf5e04bb8aad2cfaba469a97c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__lcd6cc9b9e6574fef842fde641ec274b9">To enable WAL archiving and data streaming replication between primary and standby servers, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b14835171482215">archive</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1383541417224">hot_standby</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__led89b2d2b3a243d69691c69d72b5bd65">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b2838141462218">archive</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b84235270693253">hot_standby</strong> must be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1683820145228">off</strong>. Otherwise, the database startup fails.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__sd030b2a8b4084ddfa6b1e547efdc42c6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">synchronous_commit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a96966d76c548471e84d4f7c5d801fedd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_en-us_topic_0058967585_b585119011822">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the synchronization mode of the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p109551819123711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b189512086467">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a30ff9eb053974e2d900e45a0cd6e990c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_a7a605461f9d84bd5856d5f054bdd0c48">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__uf0355d57c2804839a2d2e261067ec2a0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l5d7890fb7cb14b0081aadf21588ca48a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b7849151432210">on</strong> indicates synchronization logs of a standby server are flushed to disks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l6113aa4839364da6b69f330dfee7ce97"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b178502014162212">off</strong> indicates asynchronous commit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l5cef96a1b6804a87a303dbe08e72444e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b396278730171633">local</strong> indicates local commit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l7a6308ff0faa4872bc5404a98cd57d45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b254680692171635">remote_write</strong> indicates synchronization logs of a standby server are written to disks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__l477a247b5fe64e619b805d4991ca135a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b189233902171648">remote_receive</strong> indicates synchronization logs of a standby server are required to receive data.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ad3d37f92891d4a53a680303011b73dc2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1967727531">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1258655968">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__s1b3e06d5637240328daaae0f96ecd56d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_buffers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a31a3a0fbf9f248e598bcdff2d806cd11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b128671314112216">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of XLOG_BLCKSZs used for storing WAL data. The size of each XLOG_BLCKSZ is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p870916174416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b7468121254616">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__acf6d209bf50842748017dc87f79277c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b53998411696">Value range</strong>: -1 to 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__sup1040318410916">18</sup>. The unit is 8 KB.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__u45067431f5fd43c6af5627be105ccc6e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__lcad533583c014adea3a75684b64a758f">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1302928340173034">-1</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1201224604173034">wal_buffers</strong> is automatically changed to 1/32 of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1465975669173034">shared_buffers</strong>. The minimum value is 8 x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b84235270692216">XLOG_BLCKSZ</strong>, and the maximum value is 2048 x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b84235270692118">XLOG_BLCKSZ</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__la3df3c917c7b4ffeb3d8a998309bb0f0">If it is set to a value smaller than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1799840862173021">8</strong>, the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1303803284173021">8</strong> is used. If it is set to a value greater than 2048, the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b934883289131147">2048</strong> is used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a556eaad7dfbb48009bc6cd5658ba7b24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b26917141">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b842352706104513">16 MB</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ab21cb7c9898644e6840fa35c96c5448b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b842352706132227">Setting suggestions</strong>: The content of WAL buffers is written to disks at each transaction commit, and setting this parameter to a large value does not significantly improve system performance. Setting this parameter to hundreds of megabytes can improve the disk writing performance on the server, to which a large number of transactions are committed. Based on experiences, the default value meets user requirements in most cases.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__seb6fde0eb5bf4b5488d9f6069aeeaa5c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__seb6fde0eb5bf4b5488d9f6069aeeaa5c"></a><a name="seb6fde0eb5bf4b5488d9f6069aeeaa5c"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">commit_delay</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__abf48d2d0f29b4552960389a4b5253b79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_en-us_topic_0058967585_b46877363">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the duration of committed data be stored in the WAL buffer.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p5544152619466"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b18810112174620">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a17ca0a4d9af64fb99dab86285e8c0b96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b17810037969">Value range</strong>: an integer, ranging from 0 to 100000 (unit: μs). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1895920466720">0</strong> indicates no delay.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a5ebb43d427274cad8ee0729ecf417b6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b168092314613">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1881112311469">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__nd205762172664997bae80d91567e2c62"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__u41ae88b02b9940b6942c025983f44141"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__lc00c8b958c1f491482ec74c4e14c0e49">When this parameter is set to a value other than 0, the committed transaction is stored in the WAL buffer instead of being written to the WAL immediately. Then, the WALwriter process flushes the buffer out to disks periodically.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__lf838215a72ba44f08136f04ecef55031">If system load is high, other transactions are probably ready to be committed within the delay. If no transactions are waiting to be submitted, the delay is a waste of time.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__sf723fa16d18f458d8c205d93312c515a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">commit_siblings</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ab7ee5ba3c5604ce59329e97974ac1334"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b2042310123209">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies a limit on the number of ongoing transactions. If the number of ongoing transactions is greater than the limit, a new transaction will wait for the period of time specified by <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__seb6fde0eb5bf4b5488d9f6069aeeaa5c">commit_delay</a> before it is submitted. If the number of ongoing transactions is less than the limit, the new transaction is immediately written into a WAL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1572313357461"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b398091294613">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a0e51cb4bc6ca4b86a6a1cbc3248ad4df"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778393_en-us_topic_0058967585_b54591201">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__a1e03abba0b704a4e8d8fc2d70266372a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b57723173">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b842352706165917">5</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__section10365172802114"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_xlog_group_insert</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p17402163917226"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b54129252272">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the group insertion mode for WALs. Only the Kunpeng architecture supports this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p124038276458"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b14524121654613">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1593953105712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_1">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ul11624143973013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li562473983013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b62565421299">on</strong>: enabled</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li2062453913301"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1636211434296">off</strong>: disabled</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p483805015619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1101529633172346">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b421067350172346">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__section1771453071415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_compression</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p671412308148"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1088317358134">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to compress FPI pages.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1271416303143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b0789185912131">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p671543010141"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b729171141416">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ul1258872413409"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li13588624184019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b9227136147">on</strong>: enable the compression</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li65880248408"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b6813122751417">off</strong>: disable the compression</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1171593011144"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b204551534111417">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b546053411413">on</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__note471518306149"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ul971517301142"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li8715143001412">Only zlib compression algorithm is supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li13715193010142">For clusters that are upgraded to the current version from an earlier version, this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b121413398164">off</strong> by default. You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b9759108101718">gs_guc</strong> command to enable the FPI compression function if needed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li770343415463">If the current version is a newly installed version, this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b5110444181718">on</strong> by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li684171015474">If this parameter is manually enabled for a cluster upgraded from an earlier version, the cluster cannot be rolled back.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__section18715163012142"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_compression_level</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1571553081411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1445914281189">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the compression level of zlib compression algorithm when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b183311557171815">wal_compression</strong> parameter is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p4715130161411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b1975815981817">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p107157308141"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b17412141910">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 9.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__ul158421716475"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li4584171784714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b43542317194">0</strong> indicates no compression.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li458461744713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b197461542191910">1</strong> indicates the lowest compression ratio.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__li4585171754713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b02301506191">9</strong> indicates the highest compression ratio.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__p1571533016143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b106755518192">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__b14680175121918">9</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0900.html">Write Ahead Logs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0902.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0902.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cf95d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0902.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Checkpoints</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5"></a><a name="sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_segments</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__af3ffa17bd23a420e8eaf66f29998b87d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a251c495f74a946a4909c813bc704b3e1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of WAL segment files in the period specified by <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__s8acbdb7a59af4102bf229fcf4c889f37">checkpoint_timeout</a>. The size of each log file is 16 MB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p4873133064319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b162513720243">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__af6e4fb5b24d14955a064663ccc00bc45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b29895242">Value range</strong>: an integer. The minimum value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b47201151142917">1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a28ba2b4d59dd444bb97cd0ad17f80017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b5735075">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b842352706143016">64</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__note0657113584916"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p16571235194915">Increasing the value of this parameter speeds up the export of big data. Set this parameter based on <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__s8acbdb7a59af4102bf229fcf4c889f37">checkpoint_timeout</a> and <a href="dws_04_0893.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753">shared_buffers</a>. This parameter affects the number of WAL log segment files that can be reused. Generally, the maximum number of reused files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b123561159366">pg_xlog</strong> folder is twice the number of checkpoint segments. The reused files are not deleted and are renamed to the WAL log segment files which will be later used.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__s8acbdb7a59af4102bf229fcf4c889f37"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__s8acbdb7a59af4102bf229fcf4c889f37"></a><a name="s8acbdb7a59af4102bf229fcf4c889f37"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a155e64b1ce514021b3ef941ba94eb649"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_a3ce1e9ea56d14d8ebce03022153b2749">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum time between automatic WAL checkpoints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p1926513368473"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b46386196252">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a31eddffceada4f3b8cc2e8cd0398b52f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_a017dc58f4ace4a378303f1819eebf032">Value range:</strong> an integer ranging from 30 to 3600 (s)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a34223cb97ea141ce98b7f4ec8112e950"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0058967679_b2933732">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b842352706154337">15min</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__note173837554499"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p13831155204915">If the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5">checkpoint_segments</a> is increased, you need to increase the value of this parameter. The increase of them further requires the increase of <a href="dws_04_0893.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__s9292cfbf38fa4b17b93e9a47330da753">shared_buffers</a>. Consider all these parameters during setting.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sa9ae6e70ecf54d68a3f508b8fdac8375"><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_completion_target</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a014ece4b71084c259f18a7de1819dce4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_a3bf66d7f92b9428aafc46873b348c21e">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the target of checkpoint completion, as a fraction of total time between checkpoints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p1267884734715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b147964818254">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a013230487f7445e5acc1d9a42352f413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b1571122162719">Value range</strong>: 0.0 to 1.0. The default value 0.5 indicates that each checkpoint must be completed within 50% of the checkpoint interval.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a15ca92230c78417780bca454262bb163"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b1211034213116">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b311284220118">0.5</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__s34cf5c2d1fa9476ab90b105cada79e02"><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_warning</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__afc62de1413ec4e17bf96fa2360379e17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b84235270620246">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies a time in seconds. If the checkpoint interval is close to this time due to filling of checkpoint segment files, a message is sent to the server log to increase the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sd7daa0171e7245968cf6a44d968e1ad5">checkpoint_segments</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p38441156104716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b188965462511">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a0b64be17d4a44bce8fc280a07630c398"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b117515631415">Value range</strong>: an integer (unit: s). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b123841812154">0</strong> indicates that warning is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p1396231933818"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b84235270615047">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778102_abcae9a6ad510442abf53c96ea5d201c5">5min</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a01861d33bc33496abe0456cfe95ed696"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a2a03498588d14cf5b735353345996338">Recommended value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b84235270620437">5min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__sedcc850aad9c4b3fac43a96a34adf7de"><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_wait_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a197e55bf78f149178d6af7604d9fb0d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_a96f576b1de1b47ab81c4ef95061f38f7">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the longest time that the checkpoint waits for the checkpointer thread to start.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__p418779174810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b156191355112519">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__af1c6fbd79af642d7badfcc9693b98b9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_a54e48c3257a74d049859538db2d3e624">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 to 3600 (s)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__a3ded257e46f5441f932cbb63a0ebe184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__b842352706134828">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655058__en-us_topic_0059778936_aca460a20d73849a7ae63c62104e066b2">1min</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0900.html">Write Ahead Logs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0903.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0903.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b692c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0903.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Archiving</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__sb6a1fb2a738c48029115f6055de1697c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">archive_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__ac455939699b24db4b531e357c0058a12"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b13101324151219">Parameter description</strong>: When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b16392135612120">archive_mode</strong> is enabled, completed WAL segments are sent to archive storage by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b556562131313">archive_command</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p4873133064319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b61806435279">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a6943a14776914cd8be05ea985153048c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0059778119_en-us_topic_0058967781_b26155068">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__u8d8af26c9a75416caf77312dbfa2dc8f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__lb005ed70fa8d4fdea2e37981943e9a1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b133428591771">on</strong>: The archiving is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__l92b1b0dbe464495ea942b736d482931f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b169063314271">off</strong>: The archiving is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a57568322413e41c9869b6bc93b84be86"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b11760376277">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1317633702713">off</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__n29787255d3e946fea41162dd93de2a9e"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__ae2c3fd01d81c4154b1edc8e1fa0a9510">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b842352706134940"><a href="dws_04_0901.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694909__s9be202a993664326975a0e79a16d60c0">wal_level</a></strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0058967781_b494028214584">minimal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b984814172811">archive_mode</strong> cannot be used.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__s725b2c3d34e348528fafdfea55ca6a37"><h4 class="sectiontitle">archive_command</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a0a5cc5a9a19149508eee2b6a198f6f76"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0059778119_en-us_topic_0058967781_b20858051">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the command used to archive WALs set by the administrator. You are advised to set the archive log path to an absolute path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p19229287486"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b132930444270">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a7f20ebb29f4f4c2d86e89ad8d51a2c0c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b688672095621">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__aa949f2b01cec4916ae8f547abd9c1571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b6529962">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b8423527069539">(disabled)</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__nb1ba050f84aa4a45b92112eae2b86cea"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__u90906a7239614a62ae3b69f75b0e666b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__lca57cf9ce7634afda926297de07dd884">Any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b84235270618838">%p</strong> in the string is replaced with the absolute path of the file to archive, and any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b842352706101136">%f</strong> is replaced with only the file name. (The relative path is relative to the data directory.) Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b84235270618613">%%</strong> to embed an actual <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b84235270618617">%</strong> character in the command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__l92aad37ecdd841308b2a68febd18fd37">This command returns zero only if it succeeds. Example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__sda9d7c95cb084512a2c1807894c58996"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">archive_command</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cp --remove-destination %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">archive_command</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'copy %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Windows</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__lbf7cdfd0e80a4010a8e63edfc998d4f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b84235270695044">--remove-destination</strong> indicates that files will be overwritten during the archiving.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__li399320563915">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b17843163716221">archive_mode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b28104612235">on</strong> or not specified, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1412663417462">backup</strong> folder will be created in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b395818534461">pg_xlog</strong> directory and WALs will be compressed and copied to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b88159294477">pg_xlog/backup</strong> directory.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__section114321834131418"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_xlog_backup_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p170016302143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b599163324812">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of WAL logs backed up in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b583075018488">pg_xlog/backup</strong> directory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p16700930111414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1571445104815">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p11700193010146"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b22903310576">Value range</strong>: an integer between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b19775345717">1048576</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b201441356185719">104857600</strong>. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p470053041418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b842352706201412">Default value</strong>: 2097152</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__note147001930151411"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__ul1570093010143"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__li127003306142">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1923062284919">max_xlog_backup_size</strong> parameter setting takes effect only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b2047717368496">archive_mode</strong> is enabled and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1059717437495">archive_command</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b12586175184912">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__li13700183031416">The system checks the size of backup WALs in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b58651410185610">pg_xlog/backup</strong> directory every minute. If the size exceeds the value specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b91991628195618">max_xlog_backup_size</strong>, the system deletes the earliest backup WALs until the size is less than the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b13479053185615">max_xlog_backup_size</strong> value × 0.9.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__s6c55398cc4b546688dcff325359a4973"><h4 class="sectiontitle">archive_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a5e0de7fd71614e78be01cccc2195d59e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0059778119_en-us_topic_0058967781_b34351291">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the archiving period.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__p13763378482"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b179129446279">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__aa7632213b0b54719a610ad6370cd0dae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__en-us_topic_0059778119_en-us_topic_0058967781_b21273347">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is second. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b182991534291">0</strong> indicates that archiving timeout is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__a6eaa65c4485b4723a715abfe5a02f01a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1116653972211">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b18168103952218">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__n94aaf1734c1a4c09ab003f2fd7b7d14b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__u94ede9c53bd5482096cdedb2518033a6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__lcb7ef2e3489849ab888abd301e5f7781">The server is forced to switch to a new WAL segment file with the period specified by this parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__l78f6b9547e434f76b1ac92e1f9d86a24">Archived files that are closed early due to a forced switch are still of the same length as completely full files. Therefore, a very short <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b8371205910713">archive_timeout</strong> will bloat the archive storage. You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b1137115591674">archive_timeout</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694499__b842352706101938">60s</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0900.html">Write Ahead Logs</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0904.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0904.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b0f73c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0904.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814757"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814757"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">HA Replication</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0905.html">Sending Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0906.html">Primary Server</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0905.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0905.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29128f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0905.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Sending Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__sf771c7a32903464bbc7a3292919f840f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_keep_segments</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a61a696f698264066938b9c22fa05bfe0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_b1813097615717">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of Xlog file segments. Specifies the minimum number of transaction log files stored in the <strong>pg_xlog</strong> directory. The standby server obtains log files from the primary server for streaming replication.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p8610237105517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b103984281469">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__aa365c8e30f2e41c8a86ca427f3787cfc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_en-us_topic_0058967770_b56683537">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a186bc27b025942b4b80c939fe0908125"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0058967679_b4605672135217_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b842352706154731">65</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a42ffc5684d8e4c7b9d64306ee14e1e40"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_b65576592163846">Setting suggestions</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__ufb7feb846d234b7491781c275a2456f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__l9dc5dbb2ac0143c6baa795d4cc1c7f7a">During WAL archiving or recovery from a checkpoint on the server, the system retains more log files than the number specified by <strong>wal_keep_segments</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__l1f227a7a28114de690d844886c0b1e8f">If this parameter is set to a too small value, a transaction log may have been overwritten by a new transaction log before requested by the standby server. As a result, the request fails, and the relationship between the primary and standby servers is interrupted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__ld6dcd55ad1b54d08981bd29a50f65058">If the HA system uses asynchronous transmission, increase the value of <strong>wal_keep_segments</strong> when data greater than 4 GB is continuously imported in COPY mode. Take T6000 board as an example. If the data to be imported reaches 50 GB, you are advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b842352706162915">1000</strong>. You can dynamically restore the setting of this parameter after data import is complete and the WAL synchronization is proper.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__s18c19a7c6c7e4ba287120ce6e0593f05"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wal_sender_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a7b1713247a604d73a35e067844ba73b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_en-us_topic_0058967770_b46652549">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the maximum duration that the sending server waits for the WAL reception in the receiver.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p18230161913551"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b113352914610">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__n530af99f949f4b4db05f866df45b43f9"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__uce0b9d88b3ce486c818866df07356cdf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__lb25d171e3dcb4d3aaa630dd07684d1d7">If the primary server contains a huge volume of data, increase the value of this parameter for database rebuilding.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__l6d29fef89f484c0eb8f32ae03f706ba7">This parameter cannot be set to a value larger than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b6619345194717">wal_receiver_timeout</strong> or the timeout parameter for database rebuilding.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a3764633f79a346b1bb46cf717b57e614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_en-us_topic_0058967770_b46810794">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__acff28f92a02e4cafa27c12367af43d3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b84235270618584">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b84235270618582">15s</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__s869aa6d197b34b958abda4fb2e8bcdb3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_replication_slots</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a7b9a4dab443c4708b68eaa8654bacfd3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0059777860_a79459c8317c04d4a89c11745fe6a9b17">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of log replication slots on the primary server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p15403121419525"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b2305122944615">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a442816a764e94663acb66c5b5044a1e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b1236163191020">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 262143</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a97901c3cd0964a2ab95763c5fe4eacc4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b842352706142823">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b842352706142826">8</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p18830143113298">A physical replication slot provides an automatic method to ensure that an Xlog is not removed from a primary DN before all the standby and secondary DNs receive it. Physical replication slots are used to support HA clusters. The number of physical replication slots required by a cluster is as follows: ratio of standby and secondary DNs to the primary DN in a ring of DNs. For example, if an HA cluster has 1 primary DN, 1 standby DN, and 1 secondary DN, the number of required physical replication slots will be 2. </p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p17319505384">Plan the number of logical replication slots as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0000001098814486_ul7806726195119"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0000001098814486_li136571832205117">A logical replication slot can carry changes of only one database for decoding. If multiple databases are involved, create multiple logical replication slots.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__en-us_topic_0000001098814486_li1465817322519">If logical replication is needed by multiple target databases, create multiple logical replication slots in the source database. Each logical replication slot corresponds to one logical replication link.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__section411617104582"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_build_io_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p1838405112153"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b15894436133711">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the data volume that can be read from the disk per second when the primary server provides a build session to the standby server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p16452991512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b12101144114617">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a8003338d1aef4ad791fa3a287d3f6d85"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b1555620210426">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1048576. The unit is KB. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b1486614212819">0</strong> indicates that the I/O flow is not restricted when the primary server provides a build session to the standby server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__a8c7e95b2b04c43369de3643e5545c5aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b04061058162820">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b134061258192811">0</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__ad09297e4cd53481086d23046c081bd4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__b125071132164411">Setting suggestions:</strong> Set this parameter based on the disk bandwidth and job model. If there is no flow restriction or job interference, for disks with good performance such as SSDs, a full build consumes a relatively small proportion of bandwidth and has little impact on service performance. In this case, you do not need to set the threshold. If the service performance of a common 10,000 rpm SAS disk deteriorates significantly during a build, you are advised to set the parameter to 20 MB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__p12564541115817">This setting directly affects the build speed and completion time. Therefore, you are advised to set this parameter to a value larger than 10 MB. During off-peak hours, you are advised to remove the flow restriction to restore to the normal build speed.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__note9938570213"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__ul2072512452419"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__li1572516243248">This parameter is used during peak hours or when the disk I/O pressure of the primary server is high. It limits the build flow rate on the standby server to reduce the impact on primary server services. After the service peak hours, you can remove the restriction or reset the flow rate threshold.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494961__li47251824192412">You are advised to set a proper threshold based on service scenarios and disk performance.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0904.html">HA Replication</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0906.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0906.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b0326d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0906.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Primary Server</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__s53df5f4d5b9148078959238a697f22b1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_defer_cleanup_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a69cec057342247309b67d65622d6f497"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706122541">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of transactions by which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706122248">VACUUM</strong> will defer the cleanup of invalid row-store table records, so that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706122445">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706122449">VACUUM FULL</strong> do not clean up deleted tuples immediately.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p77933395816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b65515581467">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__ae34368f79c1742219c877b2e4a7de374"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b913415161456">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1000000. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b19680103513512">0</strong> means no delay.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__aa6cd867929ad47d687014718f3e9422d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b61650132_6">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706151931">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__sffe04d9ef09e4829ac2cb5d7766e9044"><h4 class="sectiontitle">data_replicate_buffer_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__aabad8dbe520a4115a430986bb31f3eb0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706151250">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of memory used by queues when the sender sends data pages to the receiver. The value of this parameter affects the buffer size copied for the replication between the primary and standby servers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p178251044115917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b1467875834618">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a8b0414e516cf44b8929836357612cce6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__en-us_topic_0059777578_a6c811dab140d4125a7ac7b23b16563d6">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 4 to 1023. The unit is MB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__afa706b869d654f618f5299fd29fec9c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706143319">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706123151">128 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__sc08e57b823de45adaec45cc6e625c090"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_data_replicate</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a8659d469780141d499ddb1d354b166e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__en-us_topic_0059777578_en-us_topic_0058967665_b691169416160">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the data synchronization mode between the primary and standby servers when data is imported to row-store tables in a database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p1651612375917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b11943191114718">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a07f734ad9c3745b79470091e1ecb3294"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b1149595063">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__u34d4dadbf7b84b0988351bf427a1cb44"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__l064252215eb04bdb8e2a2d83c6dd91f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706151526">on</strong> indicates that data pages are used for the data synchronization between the primary and standby servers when data is imported to row-store tables in a database. This parameter cannot be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b195811543175812">on</strong> if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b1758118432587">replication_type</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b75817433582">1</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__l2df33dd2dcb34d3c9ea0763738298ce7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706151534">off</strong> indicates that the primary and standby servers synchronize data using Xlogs while the data is imported to a row-store table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a318d0abd3cec4c888300064599b00709"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__section4875192614713"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_incremental_catchup</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p1423910012817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b0385112495317">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the data catchup mode between the primary and standby nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p164841216135817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b113821847471">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p994312101486"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__a5676da98447a43dd921140c4309b268c">Value range:</strong> Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__ul1257919275811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__li15579182716819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b17806350185317">on</strong> indicates that the standby node uses the incremental catchup mode. That is, the standby server scans local data files on the standby server to obtain the list of differential data files between the primary and standby nodes and then performs catchup between the primary and standby nodes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__li195798275810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b84395395417">off</strong> indicates that the standby node uses the full catchup mode. That is, the standby node scans all local data files on the primary node to obtain the list of differential data files between the primary and standby nodes and performs catchup between the primary and standby nodes.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p3594520189"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_10">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b842352706145110">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__section114158571784"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wait_dummy_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p14977161316910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b16395950105512">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum duration for the primary, standby, and secondary clusters to wait for the secondary cluster to start in sequence and the maximum duration for the secondary cluster to send the scanning list when incremental data catchup is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p19711152465813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b105641745479">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p816314441395"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b0480497565">Value range</strong>: Integer, from 1 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b10381644572">INT_MAX</strong>, in seconds.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p4805155818920"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b88251124145713">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__b6497142155711">300s</strong></p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__note12802358899"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814879__p118026581692">The unit can only be second.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0904.html">HA Replication</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0908.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0908.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9df4390e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0908.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694655"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694655"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query Planning</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0909.html">Optimizer Method Configuration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0910.html">Optimizer Cost Constants</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0911.html">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0912.html">Other Optimizer Options</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0909.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0909.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82b80a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0909.html
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizer Method Configuration</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_p318945515">These configuration parameters provide a crude method of influencing the query plans chosen by the query optimizer. If the default plan chosen by the optimizer for a particular query is not optimal, a temporary solution is to use one of these configuration parameters to force the optimizer to choose a different plan. Better ways include adjusting the optimizer cost constants, manually running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b91137528207">ANALYZE</strong>, increasing the value of the <a href="dws_04_0912.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa5c1527051e54fbdb6c5346d54bcbf5a">default_statistics_target</a> configuration parameter, and adding the statistics collected in a specific column using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b61131852152018">ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s61c2f3870a4a45b7b92e186c4e6037a7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_bitmapscan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a2075cc5e286649bfb8421648b506b3f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1061519514172">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the bitmap-scan plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p624153517198"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b89211962125">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a96e3a2acc5ea411080df76a1b1e13fe3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1872913092114">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ubdaa96b4e18a4122ad56efc974500c1a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l26dbbe6b618449dc823a68f6546c567b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b118862122111">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l4eaa87836bf24c61942700028e5fcf71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b18928319210">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a0014e3426a374260a91ffef1b9e1689a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b14457111617210">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5462216152118">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s8d922e5a221548c2b399032bce2cc840"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_hashagg</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aec9fcdb6b2b4410b899d49ed9a03b64e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b17519532132019">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the Hash aggregation plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p8293115416253"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b66161778128">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a0d0c94e9e01a435b94ad76e19dec9ffc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1150081715213">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u43706081ab2347bcb2d8e119ae6adfc8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ld08ba9ef862c4ed9b44ab0479996b169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b145881184217">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__la2f40fe78142412ca7474f8b6365b5f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b148801119202114">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a3866647b152a40a68af7c53f37d0fb57"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b8444211217">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b18445217219">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s99d549c6e4364cd9b4424c14ba0229fe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_hashjoin</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a51f63ff195204e92a892468f869f55a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5346136693">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the Hash-join plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p062113115263"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b9653681124">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a57e6585946314838be9b04c834abb735"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1592316215214">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u97d1d12ca9d5421ca9786b8cc0b4f129"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l87a85d137f3742689034f608b6bb6fff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b12901142232117">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lc46a77bf3b76490aa750760692cb6947"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b617142416218">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aaddc60b59cfb425888e824fa2c2e80fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b12834224162114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b148341724182111">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s9dc36ace96544fda934bb7954e566fdc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_indexscan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a47f2cb95851a42dc9bb7b327884ae14c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b529421151919">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the index-scan plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p9560131082619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b38668871216">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a8f26b472e7e74133b1eb592a13e1f09b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b38401025202115">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u349a1e7f29fc49f898e71d0b722a9d46"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lb9cfd69359114f2eb79cdb1ca72a5d7f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1381592672116">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ld5656fd0bd5048969afc5e734c3b9f3c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b36981427192118">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a3493b947c40b4c498804ea573ee24a77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b764110280218">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b364192815216">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sb0947e54fce74d5cbae91de6dbe43364"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_indexonlyscan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a7b01140bbe1d4310a72d5126864f9145"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1485623415197">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the index-only-scan plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p11537201862614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b18541597122">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a081ada0222344683bd8f9d26323eff11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1546542915218">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u7c6dd66eb9824652b4bebf5385876c51"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l7540a0be7eb74a0bbc06120b9d8a32d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b17534183082118">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lf791df992e924e649a702fd4b5172d5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b20518631142118">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aedf7a46da03f49bb8ba742131229b612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5615432102118">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b19616113262112">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s154630d1b7a9430b8a8af02779d56078"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_material</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a2b12adc9025b418a96c17953642467ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b3433181419203">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses materialization. It is impossible to suppress materialization entirely, but setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b948853837162936">off</strong> prevents the optimizer from inserting materialized nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1334832717267"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b21982921217">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aef434c6ecedf41ca9ee3b8c2bbc2ee44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1431113332117">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u57ab4d99caae468b93acd9f64dc9330d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l5939ba51dccb4fd5a94a9bf40e3b80cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b193680342216">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l12e155b3e6f44cb3a374088aead59721"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b743414357214">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a055c8e5bd8094bf3bcca93fb2a3c9635"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1447017366213">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1247015360215">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sfd907746eb8144138a76026cb15b15c7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_mergejoin</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a4b5e5b3400af4afa8e1ef9265d5955c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1311703282115">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the merge-join plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p48113713263"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b13374196128">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a4fcf70191c0d472b8dfe68fb28fd03fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b14487137122118">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u0141d3ba7cb34e9a9141261e88375a6b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l20c8751fb54f49b0b5dac30deefa9731"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b35151638132111">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l44f836bfcbae4a09913ebc0b34b74560"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1045633932114">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ae0d999cedb914cb3989a08714395c107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b12529164011219">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1553017401219">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s1bef702ce82b497eb5a4a69f47a13a10"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_nestloop</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aea64a8a96c74429d9afbe1f4b4eee993"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b10360172971117">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the nested-loop join plan type to fully scan internal tables. It is impossible to suppress nested-loop joins entirely, but setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b60095344152658">off</strong> allows the optimizer to choose other methods if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1569917451261"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b195529971213">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ad4bc105fd5174e2cb533c466f58771a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b18444154111213">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u8f60fadc48a74b66ae4aca46f54f129e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l3c7c268553474161afe812de75628a7d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b262144292112">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l268ebe7ef3684073a6bcad5952af7566"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b278318435217">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a7f9c0e81ef3b4e70ad08a291e9dcebb1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b16653134422118">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b365404415218">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1584803291014"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_index_nestloop</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p862223691014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1818584515120">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the nested-loop join plan type to scan the parameterized indexes of internal tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p268912202720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b108071591123">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p6483286691014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_1">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul1697081291014"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li1851958391014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b84510594127">on</strong> indicates the query optimizer uses the nested-loop join plan type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li3245852291014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1081041281319">off</strong> indicates the query optimizer does not use the nested-loop join plan type.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p99851452104214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b81176504579">Default value</strong>: The default value for a newly installed cluster is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b21173505575">on</strong>. If the cluster is upgraded from R8C10, the forward compatibility is retained. If the version is upgraded from R7C10 or an earlier version, the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b19410127175820">off</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sc4e3e214b4354ad680b7147e8c460658"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_seqscan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a6716155c25b04ddeb91e286042301734"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b0555633122216">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the sequential scan plan type. It is impossible to suppress sequential scans entirely, but setting this variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b41076330152658">off</strong> allows the optimizer to preferentially choose other methods if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p189394210274"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b175910171211">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a7c6c308c03ce4d259ac1596bbe056e30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b252019455213">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u0b50a3e74213486aae0d0aa3201e3473"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l53a46ccc02cb4a648e3089ed325fc879"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b860314642115">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l83e91d6809c547fab017c38c201119d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b3385194762112">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ad97d9a1b7325471d89c8e1c57a2289f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1440310481214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b3403114818213">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sdc6a03a94d3743e8a856428f604446c9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_sort</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ad163bc65ab2a46c899ee2f2cf1ad973e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b8260144182911">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the sort method. It is impossible to suppress explicit sorts entirely, but setting this variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b22292535152658">off</strong> allows the optimizer to preferentially choose other methods if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p115641322276"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1116119104122">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__af060df14d0b14373911d679f8009b46d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b937212495219">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__uf16166d1d6d0473fad1bf487da14dd63"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l23dc33774a364ad59529ccb4c237246d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b727395082117">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l1bf836e102384c38b3230eab301f7372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5291175119212">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a82f1fc8013664bdfa3ef77236f8027b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b10982052152110">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b299252172113">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s9dc942e0972446d2b2adb1590b43f077"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_tidscan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ad094a3fb762b4940b8376c63938611bf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b13810173110299">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the Tuple ID (TID) scan plan type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p9707440182719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b4312131011126">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a7032ae392d864a0a838ead04fff628ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b16701953142117">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ue4d8cfce487f4c2c9cb889fa47fc01b1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l2d14d5397a7842bea1898c1006b74f51"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b149111536219">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l0f8361f8a5e84a90acd04f8facda640a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1979125412212">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a3dcd7522fae7440682d6bb5b13081af1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1494115514212">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1194185519211">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s5da1e5bd74434dcba5b3448d18057102"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_kill_query</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__afca0c49423754aa5a7b1b38a7ee1f641"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b14916845434656">Parameter description</strong>: In CASCADE mode, when a user is deleted, all the objects belonging to the user are deleted. This parameter specifies whether the queries of the objects belonging to the user can be unlocked when the user is deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p66828511278"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b999051081216">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a8cbdba0ede5249f4b1ec7679d1534b56"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b6625143011450_23">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u1daeaac11dac44f28cc29c18750728df"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__le69abcd2b42047a3b7922ffe21528cd3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b192688057634656">on</strong> indicates the unlocking is allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l17ec89e6ef5e4d689a63c082f1de8a5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b140256454434656">off</strong> indicates the unlocking is not allowed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a2aa9b9ead2bf4eaeb66c8ed773a1eca5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b49259546">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270611220">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s9d86a26098fc4e0f90cb9d8d91359482"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enforce_oracle_behavior</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a9524c4b2154e4f6097dac7bc14be5d53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_a09e28664a0d347bd9e7f7f2b23539645">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the rule matching modes of regular expressions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p839611498289"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1319320113126">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a08948b7c15744058a01f00101649f885"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b6625143011450_25">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u08d008be00774e6fa3f3c85b2bc0bd8c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lbf08104e9fbe4a39aec173b6847c72f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b13876105173915">on</strong> indicates that the ORACLE matching rule is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l52949c930c3041f79b96a86bee6c7acf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b17792181220417">off</strong> indicates that the POSIX matching rule is used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a320abb2b12cc4dd5a1a884a48ce611eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b26996297_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b842352706111724">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section3886652184817"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_stream_concurrent_update</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p14886195254818"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b114961945104314">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the use of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b574523164615">stream</strong> in concurrent updates. This parameter is restricted by the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__se97ba22fff0144d784f5363903a1f584">enable_stream_operator</a> parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1988565710283"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b163210116123">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p288816520486"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b60355922">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul148881952174815"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li1588917529485"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1828345544418">on</strong> indicates that the optimizer can generate stream plans for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b15375181812456">UPDATE</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li588925264817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b966772310459">off</strong> indicates that the optimizer can generate only non-stream plans for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b13481348144519">UPDATE</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p488914522488"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1405707769">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b939581108">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__se97ba22fff0144d784f5363903a1f584"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__se97ba22fff0144d784f5363903a1f584"></a><a name="se97ba22fff0144d784f5363903a1f584"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_stream_operator</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a15bc037edf79486caebcf9ff70e9c5f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b11295822103012">Parameter description:</strong> Controls whether the query optimizer uses streams.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1845717520293"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b17821191131211">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a330dd23b039f4f6cbec53bf6d5992a62"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1197111314221">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u88fc88d8f85d40288ce47c2c9368f896"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lad918382791e4cbd8943adaa06c1e1b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b597015420227">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l0f9f4ab8d87341fd909820de15d9ec74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b73515617222">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a24c301487204418abd758704789aff13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1988812615228">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b988856112213">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section141901419113317"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_stream_recursive</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p8190119193320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b133071167518">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to push <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b43081561551">WITH RECURSIVE</strong> join queries to DNs for processing.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p573851516290"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b399151111217">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1219081973315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1928484988">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul91901019103316"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li6190219193313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b6371134968">on</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b29655491669">WITH RECURSIVE</strong> join queries will be pushed down to DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li151901019123312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b82513918714">off</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b174512261672">WITH RECURSIVE</strong> join queries will not be pushed down to DNs.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p5190019173317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b855003452">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b260281469">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section333410396346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_recursive_times</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p16334183983417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b03713400710">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1637212404712">WITH RECURSIVE</strong> iterations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p11184824112915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b4150201271214">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p11226150183517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b102266023511">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p15334203914348"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b19441124916719">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b44441491971">200</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sb6526e37d99f4be8a9dc9b4739a76077"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_vector_engine</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a1f79cf6106db443cafdb19a7f735f92a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1826611718311">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the vectorized executor.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p16168442172916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b193381112101214">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a9b0b6101f0364471b616207ba6f70631"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b199792711227">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u1d0b3c41b1dd4deaa1fd713dcb5438ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l1b83edbe0f9b4cb48674b9ad3d6699f0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b118075872214">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l6351e66e45834c4f9a2fd8b3f4de4de3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1875213910224">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a0e8a3b85d75e41e4a813ee56b5125d66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b8656171015224">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1865641011228">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s4500e9c69a874ebf84590371d8404791"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_broadcast</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__add4fba2275bb465bba1e99c8711f985d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b842352706201758">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses the broadcast distribution method when it evaluates the cost of stream.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1642264982916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b14511111281213">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ab95d4efb036e4cad9dcf096fe371bfad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b175851311112210">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__uf9e97ee192b34a73b21161a64e803e33"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l03543e4d30264764987df824ea90f8b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1838120121223">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__le54c9c99f136451dbe66d26278955021"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5369191322219">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__adbfd042a91344a4383fe39ac763c3925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1663171416228">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b46325147221">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sa3d7337362cf4789bf45cc4ee30dc475"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_change_hjcost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__afe9b1d31dec14cc1ab573802b736526c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b842352706978">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer excludes internal table running costs when selecting the Hash Join cost path. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b842352706155359">on</strong>, tables with a few records and high running costs are more possible to be selected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p374810105307"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b176745123125">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a673709746e654a8bb0e14ceff634419f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b254011518228">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u4a13fa5f7e964977bcdafca2b3c03df1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l55e8d4f5bfcb465a89396c9371e50320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1648421672210">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l0244d9b980f74674835c3ead6a0831aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b742111174228">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a2c5cecfe26644356a768f80449393080"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b8259218122217">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b22601218152217">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s4dab13535595427c962b6199de100d91"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_fstream</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a72bed8b7151d4dcda16481b7197790d3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270691356">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether the query optimizer uses streams when it delivers statements. This parameter is only used for external HDFS tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__adb187ad07a7843e38309d96bbf10cc4c">This parameter has been discarded. To reserve forward compatibility, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b20396203610910">on</strong>, but the setting does not make a difference.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p10800824133016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1389891251217">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aec600014105848b9aede8a3c1afbf6c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b16258719112218">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__uf4e8e760bcbc4574be9752da25fdc247"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lcfda252151d049ec856602726f3e14da"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1920912017227">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l0ced2bb93a0349dc836583ea80beacbf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b09671920132212">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a30e06ee1c5ff45fbaa684eec054e2b96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1497512215223">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b697614214224">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s3d76d6e1b1804c148ec9df86569ff5b7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">best_agg_plan</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ada3283facf984429b50f00d7501ea286"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270692319">Parameter description</strong>: The query optimizer generates three plans for the aggregate operation under the stream:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__o2fc6c049bba74dd1be921e303b3386cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l5c4e3d28ce8047a49b90beb7b9baadd0">hashagg+gather(redistribute)+hashagg</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__le0e3e33df31349e8904f4a94c677c07d">redistribute+hashagg(+gather)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l2b8b7e8ded5f406a8c4cfebae9845f58">hashagg+redistribute+hashagg(+gather).</li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a0079f0fa868d45a1ab69c74c8ffe975e">This parameter is used to control the query optimizer to generate which type of hashagg plans.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p01172014133120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b01621310122">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a260a2b8c442c49e08530df3b0ba1f3db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b66499804">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 3.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u3f6854a7b6f544ea98b24fefa622a447"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__le9e06f01e091426682ed144d8438787e">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b93285805111552">1</strong>, the first plan is forcibly generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l4ff4f36f60d74e81bb7795d463b217ef">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b102009829511538">2</strong> and if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b173301864011538">group by</strong> column can be redistributed, the second plan is forcibly generated. Otherwise, the first plan is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__lc8704bd8068d423a8ef41f61c804a5ba">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b52680902711522">3</strong> and if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b203914458711522">group by</strong> column can be redistributed, the third plan is generated. Otherwise, the first plan is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l297286a8e0524e668133af48de3556e4">When the value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b84235270694450">0</strong>, the query optimizer chooses the most optimal plan based on the estimated costs of the three plans above.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ae54108f6f4724d1596626a133ab8af18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b455675178231">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b842352706114645">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__s07f6d660ef88443aba81be9841fb2449"><h4 class="sectiontitle">agg_redistribute_enhancement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a2667108f1a134936b390980dd4d8f8ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270694930">Parameter description</strong>: When the aggregate operation is performed, which contains multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270695020">group by</strong> columns and all of the columns are not in the distribution column, you need to select one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b84235270695323">group by</strong> column for redistribution. This parameter controls the policy of selecting a redistribution column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p106451222113118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1918301318127">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a429363b0f0cc42f1b81e10076c4ac95d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b6625143011450_37">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u90753ae1a3cc425cbc1998b3f05a5f29"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__la4f3abf671a04f71b07ae66864d7b675"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b8423527061003">on</strong> indicates the column that can be redistributed and evaluates the most distinct value for redistribution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__la5e539e18c594bd784954f6b58779bbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b8423527061031">off</strong> indicates the first column that can be redistributed for redistribution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a83d49873cd6e4c7c9525f544c8dffe18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b46258332">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1259705695">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__sa17caa9eb29547669e8d2fe19f4321c8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_valuepartition_pruning</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a05b27236bf584cd1b2d48f74f8c253ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_b1569690523111828">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the DFS partitioned table is dynamically or statically optimized.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p38994153112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1249619130127">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a7e3e95d8cd474c1bb2e328bb654307bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_b17431449101331">Value range:</strong> Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u29a168ea3e8b4921a7c9d64de7294eb5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l83a1f21d7c3646f6b800a219734523e8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b315933364">on</strong> indicates that the DFS partitioned table is dynamically or statically optimized.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l8fe473b282e245dcab5f31477fb15689"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b349503109">off</strong> indicates that the DFS partitioned table is not dynamically or statically optimized.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aa3e4cfa9730e43759718983f8958a8cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b776246161">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1736016238">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section746841514523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section746841514523"></a><a name="section746841514523"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">expected_computing_nodegroup</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p99241701345"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b2092416053419">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies a computing Node Group or the way to choose such a group. The Node Group mechanism is now for internal use only. You do not need to set it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p98131843917">During join or aggregation operations, a Node Group can be selected in four modes. In each mode, the specified candidate computing Node Groups are listed for the optimizer to select an appropriate one for the current operator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p14297105043110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b66711213171217">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a3d8c820d08c0489ba6c10a47476f8b23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b688672095621">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__u582a49208d014b459af16e68a402d6df"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l809bf5bea254485d9ac4dc25947b5c18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b962218129612">optimal</strong>: The list of candidate computing Node Groups consists of the Node Group where the operator's operation objects are located and the DNs in the Node Groups on which the current user has the COMPUTE permission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__l23cd64e035524005929848d0127b3d8e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b141595160612">query</strong>: The list of candidate computing Node Groups consists of the Node Group where the operator's operation objects are located and the DNs in the Node Groups where base tables involved in the query are located.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li168897411428"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b21821241662">bind</strong>: If the current session user is a logical cluster user, the candidate computing Node Group is the Node Group of the logical cluster associated with the current user. If the session user is not a logical cluster user, the candidate computing Node Group selection rule is the same as that when this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b699811401962">query</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li71490412910">Node Group name:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul5251419201"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li14884205891915">If <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1426622145210">enable_nodegroup_debug</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b206472014719">off</strong>, the list of candidate computing Node Groups consists of the Node Group where the operator's operation objects are located and the specified Node Group.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li1990917581195">If <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1426622145210">enable_nodegroup_debug</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1035181461520">on</strong>, the specified Node Group is used as the candidate Node Group.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a97c28ae246e3464aa63de98c910603c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706153219">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706153224">bind</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1426622145210"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1426622145210"></a><a name="section1426622145210"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_nodegroup_debug</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1248710216535"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b94888220534">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer assigns computing workloads to a specific Node Group when multiple Node Groups exist in an environment. The Node Group mechanism is now for internal use only. You do not need to set it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p8421114485619">This parameter takes effect only when <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section746841514523">expected_computing_nodegroup</a> is set to a specific Node Group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p131469593317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b19866151319127">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p20491152165318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967673_b6625143011450_1">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul1449316295319"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li12495182145315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706153524">on</strong> indicates that computing workloads are assigned to the Node Group specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706153618">expected_computing_nodegroup</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li1149710205315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1239936307154553">off</strong> indicates no Node Group is specified to compute.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p849917295316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1802538474">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1095143176">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section142331927115214"><h4 class="sectiontitle">stream_multiple</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a823749263dcf480d87015cebb3d21907"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706154610">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the weight used for optimizer to calculate the final cost of stream operators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p76371053324">The base stream cost is multiplied by this weight to make the final cost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p9113615153214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b740414151215">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__a3eb9ce875ece46a9b52c18cc8f2b7b59"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706155342">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__aa92db8f81a9d44719aeeec06c0ec218c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b66927520111326">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b842352706122628">1</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__note4849184882913"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p9748916445">This parameter is applicable only to Redistribute and Broadcast streams.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section207996212178"><h4 class="sectiontitle">qrw_inlist2join_optmode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p07995213179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b638072535319">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether enable inlist-to-join (inlist2join) query rewriting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p6802114273211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b14209111421218">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p18799221141716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b656123446">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul826711518189"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li142671651111819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b193124191558">disable</strong>: inlist2join disabled</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li192673514184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b583904415518">cost_base</strong>: cost-based inlist2join query rewriting</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li62672518185"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b13548179105610">rule_base</strong>: forcible rule-based inlist2join query rewriting</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li6267751141814">A positive integer: threshold of Inlist2join query rewriting. If the number of elements in the list is greater than the threshold, the rewriting is performed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p19799152117179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b5750214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b84235270617717">cost_base</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__section1211182712176"></a><a name="section1211182712176"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">skew_option</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p131156271171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b6506181813572">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether an optimization policy is used</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p1841374916324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b9378171441216">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p411902711174"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b296552509">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__ul9122142741716"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li19123112714178"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1680514483576">off</strong>: policy disabled</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li612772711711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b683816522579">normal</strong>: radical policy. All possible skews are optimized.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__li5131142721714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b380633010585">lazy</strong>: conservative policy. Uncertain skews are ignored.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__p12134102711710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b71351827151719">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134668__b1833214160599">normal</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0908.html">Query Planning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Optimizer Cost Constants</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_p175209857">This section describes the optimizer cost constants. The cost variables described in this section are measured on an arbitrary scale. Only their relative values matter, therefore scaling them all in or out by the same factor will result in no differences in the optimizer's choices. By default, these cost variables are based on the cost of sequential page fetches, that is, <strong>seq_page_cost</strong> is conventionally set to <strong>1.0</strong> and the other cost variables are set with reference to the parameter. However, you can use a different scale, such as actual execution time in milliseconds.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s92c1d1891bca4da2aebd1ce349773137"><h4 class="sectiontitle">seq_page_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__adb3b11689e7247ca9cf768d52c0b17a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b11434829">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated cost of a disk page fetch that is part of a series of sequential fetches.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p11463101175210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b1345182711100">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a26a05ced38d54f3ca8675bcc9b1ef7bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b54839371">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ac12aea50f2704b5daf5f71e82f18e565"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b66927520111326">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b842352706122628">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s2a06356862e147c597e4b045d6321e91"><h4 class="sectiontitle">random_page_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a37c4cffacf7c4662a41068667e53bb52"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b24718493">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated cost of an out-of-sequence disk page fetch.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p1514510614111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b448273241017">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a4dc6b473c11642ccb46713de88b27478"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b39177197">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ac7010dd8f721476fbd7b761f52fd133a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b84235270614205">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b84235270617354">4</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__n2ee7f173c5684d5f9ebef84cf1490cd8"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ufa6c5e18eb8641409e1f4156b5538913"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__li1817093723113">Although the server allows you to set the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b206001622191214">random_page_cost</strong> to less than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b11600192281214">seq_page_cost</strong>, it is not physically sensitive to do so. However, setting them equal makes sense if the database is entirely cached in RAM, because in that case there is no penalty for fetching pages out of sequence. Also, in a heavily-cached database you should lower both values relative to the CPU parameters, since the cost of fetching a page already in RAM is much smaller than it would normally be.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__led6ab712578e44ea81348526ea8eaf12">This value can be overwritten for tables and indexes in a particular tablespace by setting the tablespace parameter of the same name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__l4e515b253c9b4e4c887e553a89d571c6">Comparing to <strong>seq_page_cost</strong>, reducing this value will cause the system to prefer index scans and raising it makes index scans relatively more expensive. You can increase or decrease both values at the same time to change the disk I/O cost relative to CPU cost.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s7b35b25b76944dd9984a6d347b28c21c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cpu_tuple_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a823749263dcf480d87015cebb3d21907"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b37044686">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated cost of processing each row during a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p75242121119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b974311402107">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a3eb9ce875ece46a9b52c18cc8f2b7b59"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b55907498">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__aa92db8f81a9d44719aeeec06c0ec218c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b13882845">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b84235270612304">0.01</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s2d77a2eabe9a4d1ab511f85e9b6b570f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cpu_index_tuple_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ac0b2722594794d138d18099ed9fadc33"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b12229414">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated cost of processing each index entry during an index scan.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p207058211110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b91654281017">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a0b2fab9b9d914ee5b0ad344edb48f9b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b49029553">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a8e287686942346c494cce3be4e6c1f9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b46652965">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b842352706123022">0.005</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s4cf8c8b450434947bb31b1e5a38f5dd1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cpu_operator_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ab58a4322264d43b794f0350e2617fce7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b40509263">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated cost of processing each operator or function during a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p27835171214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b18521842151012">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a025eea9dd6d04f9c96aede8bb8ffd07f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_en-us_topic_0058967715_b35215483">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__aab18725d9165447ca484fe6ae15d728e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b21004113">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b842352706123036">0.0025</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__s5fd3786dce1642e499934880d734b5f4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">effective_cache_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ac8276b44d1b241b8b0c27f305a91b9f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0085031695_en-us_topic_0059779130_b21497880143627">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's assumption about the effective size of the disk cache that is available to a single query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__aed4f1ed4f2064d1daaa1e673b92bd8e5">When setting this parameter you should consider both <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__text536210548">GaussDB(DWS)</span>'s shared buffer and the kernel's disk cache. Also, take into account the expected number of concurrent queries on different tables, since they will have to share the available space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a1b250fae212943f0b001fd3de3a1f8bb">This parameter has no effect on the size of shared memory allocated by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__text356839697">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. It is used only for estimation purposes and does not reserve kernel disk cache. The value is in the unit of disk page. Usually the size of each page is 8192 bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p202131627613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b890684391011">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a37bcebe2c4f44945a392b115b847adb1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b23455951">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging is from 1 to INT_MAX. The unit is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a9907ee83e2f345fe8e905be1e52231b7">A value greater than the default one may enable index scanning, and a value less than the default one may enable sequence scanning.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ac90836944d4941469ee35b5330b036c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0058967715_b842352706143319">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0058967715_b842352706123151">128 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__se68fee85f23b4c95a8ceb9bae6269e04"><h4 class="sectiontitle">allocate_mem_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a58cda797c6be43b1b67940ecc98512c7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b842352706112119">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the query optimizer's estimated cost of creating a Hash table for memory space using Hash join. This parameter is used for optimization when the Hash join estimation is inaccurate.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__p17571113211117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b166584416102">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__a67d81a8009294cb8b009208aa7c3f819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__en-us_topic_0059779130_a215a75fa256f44a7ac7c9e93825cdbdd">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to DBL_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__ab4b9392dc1374281877f80a864599671"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b29948419">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134648__b84235270617431">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0908.html">Query Planning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0911.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0911.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Genetic Query Optimizer</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ac6a343c889744cebbd199b2f42d48a5a">This section describes parameters related to genetic query optimizer. The genetic query optimizer (GEQO) is an algorithm that plans queries by using heuristic searching. This algorithm reduces planning time for complex queries and the cost of producing plans are sometimes inferior to those found by the normal exhaustive-search algorithm.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__s3dd0bac813284472900e16707165891a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a668c78340b7a44fd84dcf65605b25d53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b53033775">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the use of genetic query optimization.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p9263134511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b255511177124">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a3ae0f13b5c0b4c94852633a5dd60113a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b55121625">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__u60cfe4c5adfa485197468843fccf4769"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__l10a66abec62f4ddea022c8c3f80d5b14"><strong>on</strong> indicates GEQO is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__l8064777014974712aa4e9a49b20b3707"><strong>off</strong> indicates GEQO is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ac9aac18d40ed4a77a9f0bf2cee31c029"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b6125520212036_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706152029">on</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__n0a529c735aca464ea9d0bc41b29d234f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a672eea78fc9f415fb04ae125f3036e38">Generally, do not set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706172047">off</strong>. <strong>geqo_threshold</strong> provides more subtle control of GEQO.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__sedf64f20bdec49aeae4c4f927cfdb3b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ab68d1849f14c4c2381485b7c25b4898d"><strong>Parameter description:</strong> Specifies the number of <strong>FROM</strong> items. Genetic query optimization is used to plan queries when the number of statements executed is greater than this value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p11463101175210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b148313204120">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a5121f87d63b141d2ae94330a42dac832"><strong>Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a923229d441274a399e666fcf543e6227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706172643">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706172646">12</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__n273a96b33fbb470d80a15add7f3213a0"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__u5a8ab86af1e247108b7a28ccdf0c6a0f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__lbf997267d7cf43c981fd21633bc7c6f3">For simpler queries it is best to use the regular, exhaustive-search planner, but for queries with many tables it is better to use GEQO to manage the queries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__le781610111cb4169aaaa5e244377079b">A <strong>FULL OUTER JOIN</strong> construct counts as only one <strong>FROM</strong> item.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__sd12595645e2245b29684f595140bfdf9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_effort</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a6c06bca326254f2399948a3b224c37bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b12982546">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the trade-off between planning time and query plan quality in GEQO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p122841138334"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b4655151213136">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a1cf3bd862f1d4210826dc1c5b393d00d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b54485399">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 10</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ae4f3abf4d9814e63bfee6d1a87394a81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b5750214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b84235270617717">5</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__n3bb53bbcffe94878b6e459d2f675734f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ul7663134113310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__li12663541133315">Larger values increase the time spent in query planning, but also increase the probability that an efficient query plan is chosen.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__li166641341183311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b8636193351313">geqo_effort</strong> does not have direct effect. This parameter is only used to compute the default values for the other variables that influence GEQO behavior. You can manually set other parameters as required.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__sfd7a8ba0d06d4fd290fceeb0d60c0cf9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_pool_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ad9ebdc62f6b34bf5a1d2149f8f82d7f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b41063773">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the pool size used by GEQO, that is, the number of individuals in the genetic population.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p3444181065214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b20329522111219">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a2baf75f1bed4434198c2c7799ac9ca50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b54205967">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__nbb5d0dadc003498689c50b17ca39de9d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__afe714706f6f446ae92b196e084b45fb6">The value of this parameter must be at least <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b14905105510229">2</strong>, and useful values are typically from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b59091555152211">100</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b15910125552216">1000</strong>. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b9579171675317">0</strong>, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__text424013293">GaussDB(DWS)</span> selects a proper value based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1644914248549">geqo_effort</strong> and the number of tables.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a30fdccc70ab343bf960b3f8b2780901b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b456912315236">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1357033122318">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__s4cc4d60a48194654abb74652ef15295e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_generations</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__aa1b315f3930c4883ba3590cd4eaf1b9e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_a3349267c3ab24077858ee6bf2f92f1a9">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number parameter iterations of the algorithm used by GEQO.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p4781315185212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1561142216129">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a2314cf804a774834a099122ec8398726"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b3203802">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__nde23964518d94ba3a98e688aad797b7a"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a2a0b848dcc0a4086a5e88a42f0dc4829">The value of this parameter must be at least <strong>1</strong>, and useful values are typically from <strong>100</strong> to <strong>1000</strong>. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706135339">0</strong>, a suitable value is chosen based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706135351">geqo_pool_size</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ae6fa4399e97f4e49bb9eba80a1c5571d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b29948419">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b84235270617431">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__s0c7e71a21b9241899cbebe59a0782335"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_selection_bias</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ad33946a5349742e68c698cf673d3ca50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b55211183">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the selection bias used by GEQO. The selection bias is the selective pressure within the population.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p141133206529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1879382215124">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__aac5fb269f33344b991e914967aad1410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b940142">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 1.5 to 2.0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a380ba89e433d46ab8480b0c2a9fdc5c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706142823">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b842352706142826">2</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__s6d083be3aa1d41dbb86c2c732de24cff"><h4 class="sectiontitle">geqo_seed</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__a9b395c3a9893458798f81b892b90c7a1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b19873515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the initial value of the random number generator used by GEQO to select random paths through the join order search space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__p645142575219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1596742219123">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__aeaf0e7983271491c9c762690c6f7df28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b47346499">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__n263f74ae65d14de096a3d33c2bb9585a"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ab57316c2451446c9b462336b247a7298">Varying the value changes the setting of join paths explored, and may result in a better or worse path being found.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__ae34f277d05a2423fb00df1ebe4bfb6a7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b1328810520">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654670__b598578865">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0908.html">Query Planning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0912.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0912.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d4d5348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0912.html
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Other Optimizer Options</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa5c1527051e54fbdb6c5346d54bcbf5a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa5c1527051e54fbdb6c5346d54bcbf5a"></a><a name="sa5c1527051e54fbdb6c5346d54bcbf5a"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_statistics_target</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a6142f4f84779437398877f851e1cd4c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b879637478">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default statistics target for table columns without a column-specific target set via <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b12796187877">ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS</strong>. If this parameter is set to a positive number, it indicates the number of samples of statistics information. If this parameter is set to a negative number, percentage is used to set the statistic target. The negative number converts to its corresponding percentage, for example, -5 means 5%. During sampling, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b8667904287">default_statistics_target * 300</strong> is used as the size of the random sampling. For example, if the default value is 100, 100 x 300 pages are read in a random sampling.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p645142575219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b467315138472">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ac9c43d0403b6465ba8ee1d80e4149dfc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_en-us_topic_0058967719_b63358046">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -100 to 10000</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n4ba410b0a05f4177a50d0fff301cc063"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul1557835716292"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1578165717294">A larger positive number than the parameter value increases the time required to do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2004277218120">ANALYZE</strong>, but might improve the quality of the optimizer's estimates.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1351163511438">Changing settings of this parameter may result in performance deterioration. If query performance deteriorates, you can:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ol41884344312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li239210464434">Restore to the default statistics.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li218164317437">Use hints to optimize the query plan. </li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li17578115712299">If this parameter is set to a negative value, the number of samples is greater than or equal to 2% of the total data volume, and the number of records in user tables is less than 1.6 million, the time taken by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b737314417522">ANALYZE</strong> will be longer than when this parameter uses its default value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li125788577293">If this parameter is set to a negative value, the autoanalyze function does not support percentage sampling. The sampling uses the default value of this parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1943903915351">If this parameter is set to a positive value, you must have the ANALYZE permission to execute ANALYZE.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li6280165719336">If this parameter is set to a negative value, that is, percentage sampling, you need to be granted the ANALYZE and SELECT permissions to execute ANALYZE.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a30a5b12b50564c7db52405ae65494ec9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1931793817131_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706141243">100</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s5302d9fd9234498da55183c9914b189f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">constraint_exclusion</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ac32dbb8fd70d46faa9b0d5de549981ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b27407937">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the query optimizer's use of table constraints to optimize queries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p184644341457"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b142301814194716">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a566e9efafe694be09ea487d0dc346398"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_en-us_topic_0058967719_b12936872">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u8ec889c760534ae6b26ca97432c7fb6d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lf97f70c521cc4428a2dd1bdaf16189a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b881520714718">on</strong> indicates the constraints for all tables are examined.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l3832f4411cf0448eba491d72ab554090"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b19816177675">off</strong>: No constraints are examined.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l2b71a3371be94d339c47cc55895d0262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1481827671">partition</strong> indicates that only constraints for inherited child tables and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b18184711716">UNION ALL</strong> subqueries are examined.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__nc077356e66d9488ea5d9adbf6d584878"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a34d1a52788ab42d89a8136a5a3da3965">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1687220718120">constraint_exclusion</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1763213718120">on</strong>, the optimizer compares query conditions with the table's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2447150918120">CHECK</strong> constraints, and omits scanning tables for which the conditions contradict the constraints.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8efecdefd91b48ba915cf83f2dffcdd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1931793817131_3">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270617521">partition</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n21646fe65b8d45b4a28529fd58babd2c"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ac4c5f2488bca423ea0a5d34aa447d658">Currently, this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b11269115717461">on</strong> by default to partition tables. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1024101493181633">on</strong>, extra planning is imposed on simple queries, which has no benefits. If you have no partitioned tables, set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270618196">off</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__se5b22c37446c4415b279acfd8357229f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cursor_tuple_fraction</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a2ebee67cca004ab58a737a7dfa5338c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4730591">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the optimizer's estimated fraction of a cursor's rows that are retrieved.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p11690134417513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b385813145474">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a51ba568458e14174bfd031069fba7ca1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_en-us_topic_0058967719_b39817432">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ndf33dc1fc54f485098e8dcdb5ffa6049"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a652aabfaac554a478d650a45bdf88467">Smaller values than the default value bias the optimizer towards using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b5688291518120">fast start</strong> plans for cursors, which will retrieve the first few rows quickly while perhaps taking a long time to fetch all rows. Larger values put more emphasis on the total estimated time. At the maximum setting of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b9828271076">1.0</strong>, cursors are planned exactly like regular queries, considering only the total estimated time and how soon the first rows might be delivered.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a7952e173fa8c4afead372a99be20b3c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13157807">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706213752">0.1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s4e30b68a154d42509b93e977a140d3fe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">from_collapse_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__aedc1debed7794fbc8e00b4aed9cc0d00"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b40579031">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer merges sub-queries into upper queries based on the resulting FROM list. The optimizer merges sub-queries into upper queries if the resulting FROM list would have no more than this many items.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p28315569515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b7960191424710">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8becf5ff8c214ad995bb1807c6a6ab3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b98321378712">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n026d0777d7f5446096eaf7dad50ebc0f"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ad651a9537144405985c5411bde67bc56">Smaller values reduce planning time but may lead to inferior execution plans.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ad784812dae9345eb8054069b3b3f8fa9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1413578664144214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b578690575144214">8</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sd9f0bd0792814592945306fb9037f8ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">join_collapse_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__af4ab7829dc284124a555923eaa914227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b128391975716">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer rewrites <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1083927173">JOIN</strong> constructs (except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13839371275">FULL JOIN</strong>) into lists of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b15839157477">FROM</strong> items based on the number of the items in the result list.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1151810813619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b716720159479">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a2cd28fbd7675449388f0d6be89a54eab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2842271777">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n245a41fd28564f68987e92ca4cd50efa"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u890569c1964b47b8b4a2518ff0c8ebbe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lfcab210f3be245bb86da4f55b9363164">Setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4108855818120">1</strong> prevents join reordering. As a result, the join order specified in the query will be the actual order in which the relations are joined. The query optimizer does not always choose the optimal join order. Therefore, advanced users can temporarily set this variable to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b28451671770">1</strong>, and then specify the join order they desire explicitly.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__la115b23dd5914728b4f52af7c0522354">Smaller values reduce planning time but lead to inferior execution plans.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a958c19c2922444cf8df6566569146a97"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b748071800">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1150615640">8</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__scfe0df60680c4f3eb80ef2f4f0a9fdb1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">plan_mode_seed</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a093dd56277d446fd94e31ff5a287301c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706152612">Parameter description</strong>: This is a commissioning parameter. Currently, it supports only OPTIMIZE_PLAN and RANDOM_PLAN. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706195844">OPTIMIZE_PLAN</strong> indicates the optimal plan, the cost of which is estimated using the dynamic planning algorithm, and its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706195932">0</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b8423527062002">RANDOM_PLAN</strong> indicates the plan that is randomly generated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270695359">plan_mode_seed</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270620055">-1</strong>, you do not need to specify the value of the seed identifier. Instead, the optimizer generates a random integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b48833141515533">1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b130068211415533">2147483647</strong>, and then generates a random execution plan based on this random number. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270615136">plan_mode_seed</strong> is set to an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706151126">1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706151131">2147483647</strong>, you need to specify the value of the seed identifier, and the optimizer generates a random execution plan based on the seed value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p19589151815612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1536110153479">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a9cfa48f755e645e7b40336115970214d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1385107577">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to 2147483647</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a01e14b5deccb40429163a2dd0ad5b957"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706183425">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706183427">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n5b74f1f3817f4a40999dd60f96bc7441"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul97741008174"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1677450101715">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706152041">plan_mode_seed</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b183348383415215">RANDOM_PLAN</strong>, the optimizer generates different random execution plans, which may not be the optimal. Therefore, to guarantee the query performance, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b178104695315252">0</strong> is recommended during upgrade, scale-out, scale-in, and O&amp;M.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li877411015174">If this parameter is not set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b029313267372">0</strong>, the specified hint will not be used.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sccd2418a6b9d4b128cd39d29a63dd94b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_hdfs_predicate_pushdown</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__aa7acfa6f701741cf8f922d3cb5742d95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a7a099aa4bdd6409e8539ad4789ec87e7">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the function of pushing down predicates the native data layer is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p13578201998"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b194241516154712">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a0366652382de4a05be595fcc44d7711b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b55121625">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u64ee5f6205614d78baf60ec424cc7b3b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lae1029f1c75c4f30b9635c7434627517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706155251">on</strong> indicates this function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lb8ea3a57ea2d49c7818e5a6d498e4867"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1309108813">off</strong> indicates this function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a63d4cde617d34a2980216706c6e7610d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b6125520212036_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706152029">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa4da81a9ccb841caab3759ee97d61b84"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_random_datanode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a6f6fe14b2e484184bbe7c1e3a5b6e002"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a1c4d98acc0204392830c670204a9632f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the function that random query about DNs in the replication table is enabled. A complete data table is stored on each DN for random retrieval to release the pressure on nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p11981828167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b74673180479">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a28c3d6d1c499408e94a96cf4dada0266"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1448154898">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u02f0811b4b0e45c59620c567498dbb00"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l1e3963771a02482b93919cc75cf05fc8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1193282016578">on</strong> indicates this function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l3c55a83741424b5db7d8f2c1dfd5eca5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1420711211572">off</strong> indicates this function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__adbc8829f25ee449288f5718adccd6965"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b66226915">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1221852823">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s7ef00d212ddf4d9a82f52f66890c4826"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hashagg_table_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a04fdef1b84584844b84d41bd29691bfd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a9900403dd512461cb9d08a47220900fe">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the hash table size during the execution of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b152802467577">HASH AGG</strong> operation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p12789371614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1392515188478">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a91359beb6533429cb53a7689891d2d12"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b287615718713">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX/2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ae7f7dd34615c404795cb90d4bed1d2f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1743722872">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1789896148">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__se75ab653da604c90acf654efc674c720"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__se75ab653da604c90acf654efc674c720"></a><a name="se75ab653da604c90acf654efc674c720"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_codegen</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a3aa5e435845c483a8c92ad701212abf6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706172916">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether code optimization can be enabled. Currently, the code optimization uses the LLVM optimization.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p187493451867"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b18120131914712">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a79ff638ba84c47bf915bd054d20c36a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059778487_aa1fc9bedad6b4779a216c176c5046dcc">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u65693ccc1eb44b018b9d0a3ce2e044c1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lef2b592b699e4398a87f2fecedb1a0ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b8423527062040">on</strong> indicates code optimization can be enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l4222fb5a451642ab9bdf6326a7fa85fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_en-us_topic_0058967719_b842352706151122">off</strong> indicates code optimization cannot be enabled.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n2439c6444cc24bfabb32d963959a1007"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a7ca8a2ea0eec4152968d25330f09d80c">Currently, the LLVM optimization only supports the vectorized executor and SQL on Hadoop features. You are advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270618113">off</strong> in other cases.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a03e81b26e0f54e2a8951a4848d275d9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s5fcb2bfd4ea844d483b3926e314425d0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">codegen_strategy</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p15481103754112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b798985515425">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the codegen optimization strategy that is used when an expression is converted to codegen-based.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p19025512612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b123051719124710">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a307e11fea6d2463085d65e03799f0d4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b128911575718">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__uc63c3032ddcd4c449fa0108e493ed740"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l31ffae58aa664ef194f791e027a0c568"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706155117">partial</strong> indicates that you can still call the LLVM dynamic optimization strategy using the codegen framework of an expression even if functions that are not codegen-based exist in the expression.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l656c136973b34ee48057a73c9c276f5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84235270616530">pure</strong> indicates that the LLVM dynamic optimization strategy can be called only when all functions in an expression can be codegen-based.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n4f43d5c55f0345a98fe7b9ddd1c4ccec"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8e90b7756a4c48c0ab8f14ae47840b31">In the scenario where query performance reduces after the codegen function is enabled, you can set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706161929">pure</strong>. In other scenarios, do not change the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1426378143202417">partial</strong> of this parameter.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8c30d3359cc542a6a90a32b74a4ff5c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b37427418113820">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706125553">partial</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s83e56121e26c4dfcb0bfd4862a49f983"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_codegen_print</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p12447115014114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1233918115436">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether the LLVM IR function can be printed in logs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p94641331974"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b9484101916479">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ad1b383d7238943409413dedf9130bf96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2041989039">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ue5b5dcbbfbf54a1e804306b9f79b0ed9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__l577bb3c3ae594c98a5498c3d4f196623"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b842352706144751">on</strong> indicates that the LLVM IR function can be printed in logs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lae54f021b5ea411d9c5fa7151332496f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b1558771197144814">off</strong> indicates that the LLVM IR function cannot be printed in logs.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8e63e60b88aa4f0d80364fdadf3d6605"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa34f40a091064ae5b3b69741f431ed11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">codegen_cost_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p01875587419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a9501ffbf09334545a01ef8871161f185">Parameter description</strong>: The LLVM compilation takes some time to generate executable machine code. Therefore, LLVM compilation is beneficial only when the actual execution cost is more than the sum of the code required for generating machine code and the optimized execution cost. This parameter specifies a threshold. If the estimated execution cost exceeds the threshold, LLVM optimization is performed. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p151411013975"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b186492019184713">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__af2a3e76c0fb349a49c3d9d5cf3f9ec8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b9264144791019">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1790631814331">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13200526113313">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a5e9ad717ad384c4583f856bf09a90fe3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13360219">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706205450">10000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s7c9f76d1e73345e09fae2e5f3e2a6cdd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_constraint_optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a08187f3482f2461b9e718be85ffc5e77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a3bc5fd0e1ba9485286b2bb37d887668d">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the informational constraint optimization execution plan can be used for an HDFS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p15916185997"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b14808119164714">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a8732120b4c9d4577a10dfee2bbb61903"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1083813588">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u2efbf664c7b74af9bdd32fc293ae1374"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ldeba1cbcb94d40209d79a72e43a075cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b84235270620307">on</strong> indicates the plan can be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__la7e6792f98a1499b8116e901831c1d3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b842352706203013">off</strong> indicates the plan cannot be used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__af9bac490815c44d2b3db4ee36242ba80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1640912541">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b159858680">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s3210646666fe4eb4806c86579cfa0684"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_bloom_filter</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p37461056163710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_a63ae7c510a9645a6b3fa507757813acf">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the BloomFilter optimization is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p124764222720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b72610209472">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a9d86c0faeb7843e8acb2fd6b2025ce79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1409846155">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__u06446d6a5430483fa7e05d6d4c5ecc34"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lfa10e2ef77974435b3dfb55c0fddfa5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0058967719_b8423527069518">on</strong> indicates the BloomFilter optimization can be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__lf654b02d502a490a8fb61f1ba65d0fbf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059779049_en-us_topic_0058967719_b84235270695119">off</strong> indicates the BloomFilter optimization cannot be used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a5da6e1ad64cc4e91b40aa25beecc60c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1593310524">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1424803177">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section251911538557"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_extrapolation_stats</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p15385101113819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b105300538556">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the extrapolation logic is used for data of DATE type based on historical statistics. The logic can increase the accuracy of estimation for tables whose statistics are not collected in time, but will possibly provide an overlarge estimation due to incorrect extrapolation. Enable the logic only in scenarios where the data of DATE type is periodically inserted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p850553110712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1717245211012">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p14537753185518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b0543115335516">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul205481253115511"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li95523533558"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706113713">on</strong> indicates that the extrapolation logic is used for data of DATE type based on historical statistics.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li4559253135515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706113737">off</strong> indicates that the extrapolation logic is not used for data of DATE type based on historical statistics.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p85663536556"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1706980925">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b85673295">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section114241119217"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autoanalyze</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p54811455387"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b88417710267">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to allow automatic statistics collection for tables that have statistics when generating a plan. Foreign tables nor temporary tables with the ON COMMIT [DELETE ROWS|DROP] option can trigger autoanalyze. To collect statistics, you need to manually perform the ANALYZE operation. If an exception occurs in the database during the execution of autoanalyze on a table, after the database is recovered, the system may still prompt you to collect the statistics of the table when you run the statement again. In this case, manually perform the ANALYZE operation on the table to synchronize statistics.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1623312562813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b174036204477">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p9453011128"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b645918119211">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul14641815210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li18467611428"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706113848">on</strong> indicates that the table statistics are automatically collected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li84785114211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b684338908113915">off</strong> indicates that the table statistics are not automatically collected.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p0489811524"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b426478201">Default value</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ph283985083619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b20430194882917">on</strong></span></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__sa7cc15b1aef14ba0824d8e3c143f725f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">query_dop</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p68596421577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1755412110479">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the user-defined degree of parallelism.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p85401461471"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b544823114713">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__aa4b3334c2cd44e89a95248171499825b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b3913172915116">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -64 to 64.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p379719178488">[1, 64]: Fixed SMP is enabled, and the system will use the specified degree.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p75511411124811">0: SMP adaptation function is enabled. The system dynamically selects the optimal parallelism degree [1,8] (x86 platforms) or [1,64] (Kunpeng platforms) for each query based on the resource usage and query plans.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1628730154816">[-64, -1]: SMP adaptation is enabled, and the system will dynamically select a degree from the limited range.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n7b33233d31524eea973ffc79e2388ff7"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul8224132315341"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li33971156122610">For TP services that mainly involve short queries, if services cannot be optimized through lightweight CNs or statement delivery, it will take a long time to generate an SMP plan. You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b985382511582">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b158591125145810">1</strong>. For AP services with complex statements, you are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b157841525584">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1678613521589">0</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1422432313420">After enabling concurrent queries, ensure you have sufficient CPU, memory, network, and I/O resources to achieve the optimal performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li112241223103412">To prevent performance deterioration caused by an overly large value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b5407455201719">query_dop</strong>, the system calculates the maximum number of available CPU cores for a DN and uses the number as the upper limit for this parameter. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b62039344188">query_dop</strong> is greater than 4 and also the upper limit, the system resets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b17910135871815">query_dop</strong> to the upper limit.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__aadd79139e28e46aea167bb03a0c01940"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b7621172513364">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b362192553612">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section174617504332"><h4 class="sectiontitle">query_dop_ratio</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1070314513331"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b720183513611">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the DOP multiple used to adjust the optimal DOP preset in the system when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b151111327145718">query_dop</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1137972965718">0</strong>. That is, DOP = Preset DOP x query_dop_ratio (ranging from 1 to 64). If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13653618810">1</strong>, the DOP cannot be adjusted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1070355118339"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b172305231598">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1183014117366"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1160520322911">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to 64</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p570355163318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b16798124917916">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1480516491291">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__s3f3dd81692d64ce08fa1a352e9ebb56f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_group_dop</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a72d25f2d0320437c992a285dcb72ce7f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b111901359796">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the unified DOP parallelism degree allocated to the groups that use the Stream operator as the vertex in the generated execution plan when the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4231184331610">query_dop</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b18154519167">0</strong>. This parameter is used to manually specify the DOP for specific groups for performance optimization. Its format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b186173412593">G1,D1,G2,D2,...,</strong>, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b66243411591">G1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b166273435911">G2</strong> indicate the group IDs that can be obtained from logs and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b196293475918">D1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1621334135915">D2</strong> indicate the specified DOP values and can be any positive integers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1245071620182"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2620202222016">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__af350ee0eedbe4e05b3454c4d69ce0b7c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b37796097_1">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a39299a499b1e41288f2d9ea1fdc82e42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b20486111922114">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__n83cc48fd8396484199f83f9de17a7247"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__a0c78987d9e3a4018abbf4890e1f7804d">This parameter is used only for internal optimization and cannot be set. You are advised to use the default value.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section17142163813317"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_analyze_check</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1151038153114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b0469163713815">Parameter description:</strong> Checks whether statistics were collected about tables whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1546915370815">reltuples</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b346953719813">relpages</strong> are shown as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1948510371386">0</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b19485113716814">pg_class</strong> during plan generation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p13405123213812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b10474162354720">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p8164153818317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b84736791">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul131721738173119"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li31771438193112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b23808378920">on</strong> enables the check.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1618653812317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b153334391794">off</strong> disables the check.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p101948389310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b115051840899">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b11505440097">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section93071140163618"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_sonic_hashagg</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p931714063616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b350515225411">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the Hash Agg operator for column-oriented hash table design when certain constraints are met.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p20210175616717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b196651323134718">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p53291840133614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1380622864115">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul1533984011364"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li734412403366"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1734763014462">on</strong> indicates that the Hash Agg operator is used for column-oriented hash table design when certain constraints are met.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li13542040183610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b361594917464">off</strong> indicates that the Hash Agg operator is not used for column-oriented hash table design.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__note571352115446"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul312336101611"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li112346121620">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b8909711134211">enable_sonic_hashagg</strong> is enabled and certain constraints are met, the Hash Agg operator will be used for column-oriented hash table design, and the memory usage of the operator can be reduced. However, in scenarios where the code generation technology (enabled by <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__se75ab653da604c90acf654efc674c720">enable_codegen</a>) can significantly improve performance, the performance of the operator may deteriorate.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li181231765169">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b8871122316020">enable_sonic_hashagg</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b17877152313011">on</strong>, when certain constraints are met, the hash aggregation operator designed for column-oriented hash tables is used and its name is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b88785231709">Sonic Hash Aggregation</strong> in the output of the Explain Analyze/Performance operation. When the constraints are not met, the operator name is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b28781323901">Hash Aggregation</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p536574017365"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1597913319410">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b997915334412">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section143001361527"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_sonic_hashjoin</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p93031036175211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b075711379501">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the Hash Join operator for column-oriented hash table design when certain constraints are met.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1224665586"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4836132314714">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p13031536195213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b89462318493">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul33081636185217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li2309173635217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b8217633174913">on</strong> indicates that the Hash Join operator is used for column-oriented hash table design when certain constraints are met.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1231419363528"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1342382011514">off</strong> indicates that the Hash Join operator is not used for column-oriented hash table design.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__note1331683645212"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul1907322335"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li390714213330">Currently, the parameter can be used only for Inner Join.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li790712133313">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b29503106529">enable_sonic_hashjoin</strong> is enabled, the memory usage of the Hash Inner operator can be reduced. However, in scenarios where the code generation technology can significantly improve performance, the performance of the operator may deteriorate.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li17530131273517">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1056416129111">enable_sonic_hashjoin</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b356518124116">on</strong>, when certain constraints are met, the hash join operator designed for column-oriented hash tables is used and its name is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1756814121417">Sonic Hash Join</strong> in the output of the Explain Analyze/Performance operation. When the constraints are not met, the operator name is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1756915127120">Hash Join</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1532043617527"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b437932812507">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b153811128205019">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section478342018180"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_sonic_optspill</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p9783112020182"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b13671111463111">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to optimize the number of Hash Join or Hash Agg files written to disks in the sonic scenario. This parameter takes effect only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1637313546320">enable_sonic_hashjoin</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b197173333313">enable_sonic_hashagg</strong> is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p5783132013183"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b127511928153018">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p978312001811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1363193516306">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul19784202016183"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li8784162061816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b7331142143011">on</strong> indicates that the number of files written to disks is optimized.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li14784162015185"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b6895124643016">off</strong> indicates that the number of files written to disks is not optimized.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__note1678432081810"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1045630115219">For the Hash Join or Hash Agg operator that meets the sonic condition, if this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4126142103814">off</strong>, one file is written to disks for each column. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2076512556386">on</strong> and the data types of different columns are similar, only one file (a maximum of five files) will be written to disks.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p14784620141813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b163549514303">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1936035111300">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section1722911129113"><h4 class="sectiontitle">expand_hashtable_ratio</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p10229712101110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b299418711241">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the expansion ratio used to resize the hash table during the execution of the Hash Agg and Hash Join operators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1322915121118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b196261120258">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p12229161281118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b828220138258">Value range</strong>: a floating point number of 0 or ranging from 0.5 to 10</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__note6230121215112"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul182301412201118"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li16230191251116">Value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b9672748142613">0</strong> indicates that the hash table is adaptively expanded based on the current memory size.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li182031320121714">The value ranging from 0.5 to 10 indicates the multiple used to expand the hash table. Generally, a larger hash table delivers better performance but occupies more memory space. If the memory space is insufficient, data may be spilled to disks in advance, causing performance deterioration.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p132303121112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2014114218313">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b71480425315">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section12723161719355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">plan_cache_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p17723121710352"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b01571426162610">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the policy for generating an execution plan in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2667839152614">prepare</strong> statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p0743131514816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1620142484720">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p1872319177358"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b41199681">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul1872341711356"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li572391743511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1855614182912">auto</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b51086242296">custom plan</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b145811128132911">generic plan</strong> is selected by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li18723151713357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b94491429291">force_generic_plan</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b156981047192912">generic plan</strong> is forcibly used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li16306115104215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b172021158132913">force_custom_plan</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1729317319309">custom plan</strong> is forcibly used.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__note37231017123517"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul107232017133512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li2072320175355">This parameter is valid only for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1562310176304">prepare</strong> statement. It is used when the parameterized field in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1258632923020">prepare</strong> statement has severe data skew.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li122868287116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4942851103015">custom plan</strong> is a plan generated after you run a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b121563110319">prepare</strong> statement where parameters in the execute statement is embedded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b847711011301">prepare</strong> statement. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b384941123216">custom plan</strong> generates a plan based on specific parameters in the execute statement. This scheme generates a preferred plan based on specific parameters each time and has good execution performance. The disadvantage is that the plan needs to be regenerated before each execution, resulting in a large amount of repeated optimizer overhead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1856213436581"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b14201124273518">generic plan</strong> is a plan generated for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b033835813352">prepare</strong> statement. The plan policy binds parameters to the plan when you run the execute statement and execute the plan. The advantage of this solution is that repeated optimizer overheads can be avoided in each execution. The disadvantage is that the plan may not be optimal when data skew occurs for the bound parameter field. When some bound parameters are used, the plan execution performance is poor.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p10724181710353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b4605672135217_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b842352706171854">auto</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section1432019171045"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wlm_query_accelerate</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p23201017944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1290593963416">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the query needs to be accelerated when short query acceleration is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p83202171944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b11101147123410">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p132013171348"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b35751844115915">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b250285423411">–1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b14215253715">1</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul832041719414"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li2320111711414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1484717414356">-1</strong>: indicates that short queries are controlled by the fast lane, and the long queries are controlled by the slow lane.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li2320417943"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b10721155653510">0</strong>: indicates that queries are not accelerated. Both short and long queries are controlled by the slow lane.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li432010179417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b26331127113618">1</strong>: indicates that queries are accelerated. Both short queries and long queries are controlled by the fast lane.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p73218171347"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b246610317372">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b26622515378">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__section53471720163714"><h4 class="sectiontitle">show_unshippable_warning</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p179715004520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b193551732143217">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to print the alarm for the statement pushdown failure to the client.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p6347132011371"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1591411073220">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p734720202378"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b2145111273210">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__ul14347192018375"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li1934752011376"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b198018486346">on</strong>: Records the reason why the statement cannot be pushed down in a WARNING log and prints the log to the client.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__li17347220113711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b1970934153610">off</strong>: Logs the reason why the statement cannot be pushed down only.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__p534715209373"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b5602132515320">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974600__b176086257322">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0908.html">Query Planning</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0913.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0913.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e970dbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0913.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694879"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694879"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Error Reporting and Logging</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0914.html">Logging Destination</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0915.html">Logging Time</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0916.html">Logging Content</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0914.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0914.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..964bc44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0914.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Logging Destination</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__s0dde7b8289d24a8e9b008afe4fb35391"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_truncate_on_rotation</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__addb758e4e3e144fd8dd24540888dc8f5"><strong>Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the writing mode of the log files when <strong>logging_collector</strong> is set to <strong>on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__p644741417593"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b75241730151719">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a8a9a4407c04a4267af434e22bf9ca5ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b17512856192313">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__ubbc98b2864254c94b3ea4301a1d7deaa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__lf90aa6649f6b4a16975ce986e34fc57a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b84235270615159">on</strong> indicates that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__text320417202">GaussDB(DWS)</span> overwrites the existing log file of the same name on the server.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__l46e7ddca8bde485fbb0e22fc91cb24b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b37759311248">off</strong> indicates that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__text1271540357">GaussDB(DWS)</span> appends the log messages to the existing log file of the same name on the server.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__aac64ef16a4e64f0ea07b861f304f4876"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b1471939182411">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b37191095247">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__note1450019511592"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a88174745bfe2463b8cf10326f486989e">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a084c96e3ab104b6f969b35111f547814">Assume that you plan to keep logs in a period of 7 days, one log file is generated per day, log files generated on Monday are named <strong>server_log.Mon</strong> and named <strong>server_log.Tue</strong> on Tuesday (others are named in the same way), and log files generated on the same day in different weeks are overwritten. Implement the plan by performing the following operations: set <strong>log_filename</strong> to <strong>server_log.%a</strong>, <strong>log_truncate_on_rotation</strong> to <strong>on</strong>, and <strong>log_rotation_age</strong> to <strong>1440</strong> (indicating the valid duration of the log file is 24 hours).</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__s66a542971fb64daaa4568bac6837469f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_rotation_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a917c058f4b4e4083ba3ff2b1e3ab6178"><strong>Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval for creating a log file when <strong>logging_collector</strong> is set to <strong>on</strong>. If the difference between the current time and the time when the previous audit log file is created is greater than the value of <strong>log_rotation_age</strong>, a new log file will be generated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__p96612132014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b829103201717">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a9e43813957c84d0fb10cfbbd819ed1f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__en-us_topic_0059778787_en-us_topic_0058967679_b28247070">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 24 days. The unit is min, h, or d. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b14547571371">0</strong> indicates that the time-based creation of new log files is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__adc8dc862b0544b8c86c57ee611ce4978"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b4605672135217_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b842352706171854">1d</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__sbf2ea920c7554e3da55b3f6a1fd673ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_rotation_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a5d5a1dbad0324430add8ac310f5c42df"><strong>Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum size of a server log file when <strong>logging_collector</strong> is set to <strong>on</strong>. If the total size of messages in a server log exceeds the capacity of the server log file, a log file will be generated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__p14409230711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b16135153321712">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a1d53f60ab1e04cb2b32da7c0395e8d64"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__en-us_topic_0059778787_en-us_topic_0058967679_b44643227">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from INT_MAX to 1024. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a7f71f65b729e465ea0d9d50d6f3349ff"><strong>0</strong> indicates the capacity-based creation of new log files is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__a534a02a4b21b4cf0bc3e2db1bbaffa8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b36363861152751">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b842352706171919">20 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__se204ea3d196a4b8ebcdf96e51ce0cd6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">event_source</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__aebd2afcc67bd41eeb79b37f6b1e3c6d0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b46427230246">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the identifier of the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__text505606557">GaussDB(DWS)</span> error messages in logs when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b764322315244">log_destination</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b36436236244">eventlog</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__p440031729"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b8373103481717">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__abacd8fc954ef4968b75ce372339d1866"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b1249310076">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__ad331dfb2beec4367b606c193b9851569"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b5155240211820_3">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694541__b842352706171956">PostgreSQL</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0913.html">Error Reporting and Logging</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0915.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0915.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b810258b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0915.html
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Logging Time</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3"></a><a name="sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">client_min_messages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ab104a5d651fe4ae8aba1325d3085d3b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b197554062634312">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies which level of messages are sent to the client. Each level covers all the levels following it. The lower the level is, the fewer messages are sent.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p11463101175210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b11578125441215">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__n61b090b2cd63452b848d0c5032f7427a"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a6118a299c7d6445db0d27c4b3a2955dc">When the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b18228135955413">client_min_messages</strong> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a> are the same, the levels are different.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ab0acdb490eed4d19862e8498cc65201c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b7727241102410">Valid values</strong>: Enumerated values. Valid values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b107287412243">debug5</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b572812413241">debug4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b37281641102416">debug3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1472911410243">debug2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b372917415242">debug1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b472964182415">info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1573094162417">log</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1073014152417">notice</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b773044172417">warning</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b13730441182411">error</strong> For details about the parameters, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a83f750e96f5f4054aadbb615bbc0c24b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0059778452_en-us_topic_0058967791_b5155240211820_1">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0059778452_b84235270615540">notice</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b"></a><a name="s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_min_messages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a6c495c6c2306481a9bedcd2e252dc2e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b189102789034312">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies which level of messages will be written into server logs. Each level covers all the levels following it. The lower the level is, the fewer messages will be written into the log.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p11733154719219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b76317871319">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__n420ce143768444eaa67feee6b2a6ae9a"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__af4d2da60cf474e6a83be9da8d1ea5278">When the values of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3">client_min_messages</a> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0085032812_en-us_topic_0059778452_en-us_topic_0058967791_b84235270611741">log_min_messages</strong> are the same, the levels are different.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__acd4d4849db8042219fb3cd48beab05b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b197133568246">Value range</strong>: enumerated type. Valid values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1071385672413">debug5</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b07141256192414">debug4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b37141656132417">debug3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1771418566240">debug2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b127141565248">debug1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b971565613246">info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1471595616243">log</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b77153565242">notice</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1171655610249">warning</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1771615642417">error</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b671635617244">fatal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b87171956132419">panic</strong> For details about the parameters, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a15e2b975393949cf8cf974c553f30451"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1782311210257">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b19824628256">warning</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s9d33915bddc343edab4a5517b8969e57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_min_error_statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a75b23b5bd79c4760a8f1ec480491d146"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b128072565734312">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies which SQL statements that cause errors condition will be recorded in the server log.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p43012219228"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b250610413137">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a9e7a6626cd914a1fbfb325d0496f7cce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b993283122515">Value range</strong>: enumerated type. Valid values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b9932435256">debug5</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b20932183122510">debug4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b109336362513">debug3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1193383152514">debug2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b20933113142510">debug1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b9933133112510">info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b793473152510">log</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b11934233251">notice</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b11934339257">warning</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b493515312518">error</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b18935739257">fatal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b16935173112512">panic</strong> For details about the parameters, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__n2306de62c39e44dd970d9536de833d25"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__u343fc63015694174bea581d6e023e29e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__l72ff3b1083b04e3f82ff83a61310e481">The default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1420614115253">error</strong>, indicating that statements causing errors, log messages, fatal errors, or panics will be logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__lc9af1c4abaf84801bec8f1c916c748c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b85652278634312">panic</strong>: This feature is disabled.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a08c81840ed3f4e62b21da6be19ff41ed"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0059778452_en-us_topic_0058967791_b1021419917644">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0059778452_b842352706155450">error</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s670cade0b3b84413bd2256e1fe1c8cdb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s670cade0b3b84413bd2256e1fe1c8cdb"></a><a name="s670cade0b3b84413bd2256e1fe1c8cdb"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_min_duration_statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a4dacdb7c965145d1b4ccfcea34210df2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b131195985334312">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the threshold for logging statement execution durations. The execution duration that is greater than the specified value will be logged.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__aef5cce4319934546810f9313bd12662e">This parameter helps track query statements that need to be optimized. For clients using extended query protocol, durations of the Parse, Bind, and Execute are logged independently.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p144358285222"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b84244701310">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__n90c5791fcfcf42a58a0ccf66502ca3dd"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a94b3f30d363c4aa0ba655e9e1ed3bd25">If this parameter and <a href="dws_04_0916.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s3dd4368238fd47a2bb1de59c2142ede5">log_statement</a> are used at the same time, statements recorded based on the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0085032812_b842352706151351">log_statement</strong> will not be logged again after their execution duration exceeds the value of this parameter. If you are not using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1246714718212">syslog</strong>, it is recommended that you log the process ID (PID) or session ID using log_line_prefix so that you can link the current statement message to the last logged duration.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ad9885075abc844ff8e471c4b9519acbf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b114922692511">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The unit is millisecond.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__u9e17cc3be8804dcc83cf591c1d039600"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ld7d5c655e376431e8bc01d24b977f7b1">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b16555112372916">250</strong>, execution durations of SQL statements that run 250 ms or longer will be logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__l8f313edfc5e94cb884de52e8bab93b4d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b55698856934312">0</strong>: Execution durations of all the statements are logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__l388c575fd58c4da9b07569f257f54ffd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b164171631734312">–1</strong>: This feature is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a147a9d702ecb4b5998775132975835b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b128413243151938">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b842352706151948">30min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sfa54bcc8393f44ef873c9993cee1fe73"><h4 class="sectiontitle">backtrace_min_messages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a90d6856f7f884df7928fe0052fa6777a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b842352706112946">Parameter description</strong>: Prints the function's stack information to the server's log file if the level of information generated is greater than or equal to this parameter level.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p10554633192217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b09381097136">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__nde18cfb2294949fb81c645e3dbde7223"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a96742ec160664ded9db1d23d75186c51">This parameter is used for locating customer on-site problems. Because frequent stack printing will affect the system's overhead and stability, therefore, when you locate the onsite problems, set the value of this parameter to ranks other than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0058967791_b842352706135146">fatal</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0058967791_b842352706135149">panic</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a1075a98d426e4761af4886be77d24cc6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b65838514134312">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a5dab9a312b884588b26a202eec6e1ad3">Valid values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b20775182711258">debug5</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1377612275254">debug4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b17776182712254">debug3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b5776227182519">debug2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b1077718279257">debug1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b37771427202518">info</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b4778327192510">log</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b67781427112512">notice</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b11778202762517">warning</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b107791627182513">error</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b20779182722515">fatal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b9779142702512">panic</strong> For details about the parameters, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a42161193594944e5bad80cb7d92b60e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0085032812_en-us_topic_0059778452_en-us_topic_0058967791_b36363861152751">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0085032812_en-us_topic_0059778452_b842352706155621">panic</strong></p>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a65c3ea3aa69d47ebb4ae00879c33f9bb"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e">Table 1</a> explains the message security levels used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__text831683596">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. If logging output is sent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b186769354232">syslog</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b56779357237">eventlog</strong>, severity is translated in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__text414561421">GaussDB(DWS)</span> as shown in the table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e"></a><a name="ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ta1ceaf79532d439ead5e098dee6f7b7e" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Message Severity Levels</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r8cf599f9d11e41f6b36dad37d28933f4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a518f357d982c487ca173df5da2506980"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b48865205234312">Severity</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ae53cc0118f6a4d6a8fe08440a4da42ff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b198453614534312">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ab26d7b91292642c49fac622024d89bb4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b199934193034312">syslog</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__afc262920767d4753b93573869f98ea02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b142555748534312">eventlog</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r84b67b666dfd4dd39857d8a3a81dd57b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a9d4d5e0082b447f2a7d1184b8337074f">debug[1-5]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ab82dcbc3d2ae4af4a725df29112a904d">Provides detailed debug information.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a90f119729dc04ded953fede7cf835bf1">DEBUG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a2893373693e743aba3dcbaf061383964">INFORMATION</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__rfbbe27e69c9940af9df7436930ad6c68"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a2731dbc8d71f4dea91b4c4c0dbd1a805">log</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a423d69301b2a42669d72362b820f7c20">Reports information of interest to administrators, for example, checkpoint activity.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__af421502954454efaa2ef8c3c129d4066">INFO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__af81024864e0b4da6acb10ee8d4214a3b">INFORMATION</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r2c2d38011eaa41638f69049ce1e8ff38"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__aaf14c50cf59b470199f410952b5ce981">info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a7ea36a9ffcc54f16bb972471fabc6e76">Provides information implicitly requested by the user, for example, output from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b70431412134312">VACUUM VERBOSE</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a8899b8bd74514d95a7f6e18395c96fe8">INFO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ac76436ca9930437b8093bf840f62fe41">INFORMATION</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r33eccb1495664fee9ab1dffa23f248e8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ab0c4731116ef466c90a85667b6429bee">notice</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a64162f17b4634ec09f38fb7cc6701f4c">Provides information that might be helpful to users, for example, notice of truncation of long identifiers and index created as part of the primary key.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a1ee75e9544cd49aaa022fc1733995edc">NOTICE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a43fb368f85bd4e9297b9014e19259459">INFORMATION</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r3d48fa9c230044d786dffb36234ee9f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a8c816e4b4d274e68ba9d5797448ee45f">warning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a1a51f1b7d7be46049c748553918b058f">Provides warnings of likely problems, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b130943767634312">COMMIT</strong> outside a transaction block.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a2a0c2f9640fc4185b72b5bfc491d046a">NOTICE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a9e293941b10f42789ecd74ab3940577a">WARNING</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r540493874d6b4ef7a2b8b36de6fcd7df"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a771bbd0145aa4cd9b4eeb4328fab6e24">error</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a92dcdcf7ef164101b9c5e6fee284b312">Reports an error that causes a command to terminate.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a5ca4c082a9f74747b22fc1114916cd56">WARNING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a3bc746222d9b4b6ea85d0b4d9ae3cba9">ERROR</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__rfeb5e38dc056465da9ff0c838325b4ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a8f814259eeb947358677bb78c8e18a4c">fatal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a363ee2b7a30140a7a3d209433c64b70f">Reports the reason that causes a session to terminate.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ad47f2e7dde564d9b89774584a3d951d6">ERR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__aa71a9e375ff74362a863ae85f06c1087">ERROR</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__r98e34bfc2c9b47e094685b97a741fed3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.89%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a6b2de05294d64facbb70dc644576f0cb">panic</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.29%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a47c1446a95ca487a8a7d494f281f408c">Reports an error that caused all database sessions to terminate.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.94%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__a85004c8b6a044d8aa2caf8d8b439b35b">CRIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.88%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__aca3f41aa67eb462d841acec469713533">ERROR</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__section12879737135917"><h4 class="sectiontitle">plog_merge_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p088914378599"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b842352706205836">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the output interval of performance log data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p5362114082219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b04651410161315">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__note189816377599"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p15900237115913">This parameter value is in milliseconds. You are advised to set this parameter to a value that is a multiple of 1000. That is, the value is in seconds. Name extension of the performance log files controlled by this parameter is .prf. These log files are stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b84235270621355">$GAUSSLOG/gs_profile/</strong>&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__i84235269721359">node_name</em>&gt; directory. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__i20368568521412">node_name</em> is the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b84235270621418">pgxc_node_name</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b84235270621429">postgres.conf</strong> file. You are advised not to use this parameter externally.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p15571655133911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__en-us_topic_0059778102_aae7931e7938b4f8f8021ead037bc434a">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__ul165467231031"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__li15546192315315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b84235270621545">0</strong> indicates that the current session will not output performance log data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__li11943126339">A value other than 0 indicates the output interval of performance log data. The smaller the value is, the more log data is output, resulting in more negative impact on the performance.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__p1890813710595"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b739861560">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__b238765288">3s</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0913.html">Error Reporting and Logging</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0916.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0916.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0916.html
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Logging Content</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__section81174139518"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_print_parse</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p1455615276550"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1336388519">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to print parsing tree results.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p13167151613314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1169445112017">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p185191242205120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b105191342145114">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ul18519042145111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li5519194219515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706151350">on</strong> indicates the printing result function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li13519442145118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270615143">off</strong> indicates the printing result function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p25191142105119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1859316619154">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b459411612151">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__section1521510162517"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_print_rewritten</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p371413378563"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1553012241515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to print query rewriting results.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p7990191016331"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b37488186111">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p10315135435116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b131517542517">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ul7315195416517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li631511547513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1171767887">on</strong> indicates the printing result function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li15315115425115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b187436732">off</strong> indicates the printing result function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p183151354135112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b152542052171510">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b22551452101512">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s9c3870d1371f42c3b0dd5d9ee05e8670"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_print_plan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a4b5a3767eeae48138d3bd5060c431617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b278583016119">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to print query execution results.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aefc558fc3009473c824d0ebfc2898bbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b67846311411">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a5f76c4722528435fbeb4960ee6e5ec7e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1869783712">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u994b85c836024298922a5153c3709a41"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l74dd5d84e6604e8d9b8068f636909269"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1317981988">on</strong> indicates the printing result function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l8d95e30f40e244c08edcb46973f79a8e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b2038439196">off</strong> indicates the printing result function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ade49f90119434d81b43d55a43f1a3f1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__note05751148105816"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ul182267183718"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li16227141810715">Debugging information about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b5219954161712">debug_print_parse</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b175408219181">debug_print_rewritten</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1882191691816">debug_print_plan</strong> are printed only when the log level is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b32011847132615">log</strong> or higher. When these parameters are set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b07741742111818">on</strong>, their debugging information will be recorded in server logs and will not be sent to client logs. You can change the log level by setting <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3">client_min_messages</a> and <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li722751814720">Do not invoke the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0058967718_b84235270615846">gs_encrypt_aes128</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0058967718_b84235270615849">gs_decrypt_aes128</strong> functions when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0058967718_b8423527061594">debug_print_plan</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270683755">on</strong>, preventing the risk of sensitive information disclosure. You are advised to filter parameter information of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b155360820110724">gs_encrypt_aes128</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1560946810724">gs_decrypt_aes128</strong> functions in the log files generated when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270683921">debug_print_plan</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270684133">on</strong>, and then provide the information to external maintenance engineers for fault locating. After you finish using the logs, delete them as soon as possible.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__sa2640b7cf0554b0b89715af1b59ee115"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_pretty_print</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a6fab7137ce4b4652bc9f379f789b682b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b20511637_16">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the logs produced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706151651">debug_print_parse</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706151656">debug_print_rewritten</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270615170">debug_print_plan</strong>. The output format is more readable but much longer than the output generated when this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270615201">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p11463101175210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b15193123712120">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ad234a8fa671b47be96e039d75adcfb89"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778487_a968b64b668e64cf4b795a69bd28ef46c">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u464b1fc24b8a4025851c996111a50d60"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l787cf6292a684954881390cc67f5a119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b125039383334559">on</strong> indicates the indentation is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l05ff88b4ad0d41888d7c4e0c0f66df8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b107488474034559">off</strong> indicates the indentation is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a6f3e2858d443422eaec04d43655b9acd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__sa1f00cee076c4fed9e30aaf9d4db37ae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_checkpoints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a011ef48db61a4fd693d0cbf0d7156288"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b39533782">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the statistics on the checkpoints and restart points are recorded in the server logs. When this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b64224620434559">on</strong>, statistics on checkpoints and restart points are recorded in the log messages, including the number of buffers to be written and the time spent in writing them.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p1458571153412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b201338482110">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a0e49c6ca39594f4a9777a07c0c0ce48d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b187018491216">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u26ee6c2d55fa4f0b9a6abc5015131bfd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__la94da3aff0f041838573a397d42174ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706152540">on</strong> indicates the statistics on the checkpoints and restart points are recorded in the server logs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__le25d05c6c719495889cfb8c2af33f9cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270615265">off</strong> indicates the statistics on the checkpoints and restart points are not recorded in the server logs.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ab1831a9cb878465b939fd312b65577b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1503527402">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1778696522">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s6f28761cef1d43a39321c405e59e3be7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_connections</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aec7725f061224a91a1c118712c65c924"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b4527735">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record connection request information of the client.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a099fb4a8ac0b4e76a732ada6ed0a26ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1085517551315">Type</strong>: BACKEND</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__n3560e10f87bc409d9d1eaadefaa302eb"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ul16495515185917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li23241690315">Session connection parameter. Users are not advised to configure this parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li883153512610">Some client programs, such as gsql, attempt to connect twice while determining if a password is required. In this case, duplicate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1147766131210">connection receive</strong> messages do not necessarily indicate a problem.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a69e6846c9866481390f0e0dc80a75bd5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b698251227">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ubf0c8ed416114cfda7fb737ec1de13e8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l0ff20d9a5bb34bb09513c5227bc73609"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706154054">on</strong> indicates the request information is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l3fce6bdd1786418f9522f3b1bbc68dac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706154115">off</strong> indicates the request information is not recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aa2785ee99a4c454c9ceeb91f890d8c47"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1149457720">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b261260114">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s97246b2e8f6f42b6a841857ab92483a4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_disconnections</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a0b851746c43640d4890c59dea0f75e6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b16018111">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record end connection request information of the client.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ab0ecf7d322b74a41bd4e8ff8bf0f895c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b13171451020">Type</strong>: BACKEND</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a23bf147bb38948468e094e2a381876e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b563488210">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ue342f6499fbc49f68b93c20237e1a8a3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__lc64d5eaa959b4df8ac5e1980228a49ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1789513261">on</strong> indicates the request information is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l08d2b01c023f43e1953e7101b18e6975"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b285198070">off</strong> indicates the request information is not recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__af16d01d13dd348b8a4543a811ae5c28f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1704938667">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b2054808045">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__note13423125752619"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p5418515279">Session connection parameter. Users are not advised to configure this parameter.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__sda1abeeb28da4d9096867f7ab7ea3885"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_duration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a93e99476deb048a69260bce6ea0e01d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b4981121">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record the duration of every completed SQL statement. For clients using extended query protocols, the time required for parsing, binding, and executing steps are logged independently.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p166132013260"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1877610920219">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a652d598534ce4d14aacc9636d31338b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b3100152615369">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u10df9003f53f4feda488dfc8fa2f51ee"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l74c6622c838241d0838cb57c14220173">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b16946152843617">off</strong>, the difference between setting this parameter and setting <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s670cade0b3b84413bd2256e1fe1c8cdb">log_min_duration_statement</a> is that exceeding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b694742813365">log_min_duration_statement</strong> forces the text of the query to be logged, but this parameter does not.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l4968a55b30ba4cc1814bc1cf826fb4f8">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1826123519361">on</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1582613356362">log_min_duration_statement</strong> has a positive value, all durations are logged but the query text is included only for statements exceeding the threshold. This behavior can be used for gathering statistics in high-load situation.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a847b22aed68749ceb9d45de3b50b4cad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1251846602">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1437101364">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s1f2f9699c54c4c3f973baa725d94a06a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_error_verbosity</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a56aa0ba3fa9947e1aff9b9795012ad87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b2262347">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the amount of detail written in the server log for each message that is logged.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p49921350132618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b19596151817211">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a008d0806c6ff4ac2a8764a60df50d4ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b41199681">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__uedffbf40c5af4b16ac43e9815aa5578f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l741d8e67fe4e4720b58904ef7bd7bbcf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270610522">terse</strong> indicates that the output excludes the logging of DETAIL, HINT, QUERY, and CONTEXT error information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l868e7428538f40678bafb4cc11c3f92c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270610537">verbose</strong> indicates that the output includes the SQLSTATE error code, the source code file name, function name, and number of the line in which the error occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l6f5f46f379ac4fa09446b4cff8dd5a3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b8423527061061">default</strong> indicates that the output includes the logging of DETAIL, HINT, QUERY, and CONTEXT error information, and excludes the SQLSTATE error code, the source code file name, function name, and number of the line in which the error occurs.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a413426662b5f4da6a91ee5ad03ef3935"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b24134234_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270617913">default</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__sc7876ce3e91b4fba8d063b091fb60995"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_hostname</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a829222d3070d4ed5b1a93fe99a1be886"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b28964910">Parameter description</strong>: By default, connection log messages only show the IP address of the connected host. The host name can be recorded when this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706164136">on</strong>. It may take some time to parse the host name. Therefore, the database performance may be affected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p1906174311314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b9721122424">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a6a4fe01bd9d343718e797ce1e4c9c93d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b58171051">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u75103295bd1041a598ef7d70e81cfb4e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l9b5377006e294b0f93eb1ce2cb04eb2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270616431">on</strong> indicates the host name can be simultaneously recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__lfbe0e12ba377496d8379e41e0cccab45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b885166701">off</strong> indicates the host name cannot be simultaneously recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a78e07695f7e045d0b91d5e14f13fb1f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1404512528">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1826496478">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s80fbcd77ad5a4cdc879fe344d17b2c13"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s80fbcd77ad5a4cdc879fe344d17b2c13"></a><a name="s80fbcd77ad5a4cdc879fe344d17b2c13"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_lock_waits</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a2b3489c5be3c4fb5bc2309382b6f7b28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1921419477369">Parameter description</strong>: If the time that a session used to wait a lock is longer than the value of <a href="dws_04_0928.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s34083b462e2947b5a232d8b3a1465d3b">deadlock_timeout</a>, this parameter specifies whether to record this message in the database. This is useful in determining if lock waits are causing poor performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p16111602712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b17396733226">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__af37c416494754aa0a5971654bba296b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1753703502">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u7a93bd0a699b4b41bfb5de61ee762288"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l06bb68dbd53c45f9b6e8d12b5a0d00f0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b567688840">on</strong> indicates the information is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ld13fbd0bf5344587b0a0a395e0ea113a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1718971260">off</strong> indicates the information is not recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a0f91942a7a324e6e89e2baa45b216f90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b189064053">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b398912901">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s3dd4368238fd47a2bb1de59c2142ede5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s3dd4368238fd47a2bb1de59c2142ede5"></a><a name="s3dd4368238fd47a2bb1de59c2142ede5"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a9122122d846c4b77882e42c8c2550e32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b20511637_34">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record SQL statements. For clients using extended query protocols, logging occurs when an execute message is received, and values of the Bind parameters are included (with any embedded single quotation marks doubled).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p990231132718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b320817371821">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__n07706568b6dc4b26921f64bf2e2b1613"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aad068db2a166423abff4fbdab28a2142">Statements that contain simple syntax errors are not logged even if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b5510856834559">log_statement</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270611648">all</strong>, because the log message is emitted only after basic parsing has been completed to determine the statement type. If the extended query protocol is used, this setting also does not log statements before the execution phase (during parse analysis or planning). Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b102587881734559">log_min_error_statement</strong> to ERROR or lower to log such statements.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a2292a7957fa243be9210b439a7914351"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b61472055">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u210ac03f52a54d7c813ae3fcdc03ec15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__le46daaf6e17246d4b4e2b2b23fedb9dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b15043698634559">none</strong> indicates that no statement is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ld601186655354eec8b0b6c479eb61380"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b59794239134559">ddl</strong> indicates that all data definition statements, such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP, are recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__lb3a726d76f4740ebb0d58bba37a433e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b42923426534559">mod</strong> indicates that all DDL statements and data modification statements, such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and COPY FROM, are recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l75537a2f49764feba5c05934a1b2a0c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b129363205834559">all</strong> indicates that all statements are recorded. The PREPARE, EXECUTE, and EXPLAIN ANALYZE statements are also recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ab325b167b9bb4dd0af9a1697986c10ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b37632759_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270617103">none</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s8d1011e76c764e8a8b2e29184fd70a95"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_temp_files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a4a33915857884db687e1ea90d7173313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b35339169">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record the delete information of temporary files. Temporary files can be created for sorting, hashing, and temporary querying results. A log entry is generated for each temporary file when it is deleted. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p10656111742717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b4111939223">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a32940836480d464bbcf56025cdc0f825"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b02851984111">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__u48c110478f1c43b89fdf80e052bf11cb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__l55b6e2098aaf44b9a0c808465f06dbb1">A positive value indicates that the delete information of temporary files whose values are larger than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706175348">log_temp_files</strong> is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ld823f961ab3d45529b99189b9a635264">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b101575189117">0</strong>, all the delete information of temporary files is recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ld172d11e43194030a23c3630d5c142a0">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b63022047111119">-1</strong>, the delete information of no temporary files is recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aabcfebfb75eb4c229b14474a430654e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b53628433514291">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b164450946414291">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s3b62620e506041c8835978fbada772be"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_timezone</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p88549532318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_en-us_topic_0058967718_b9745144">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time zone used for time stamps written in the server log. Different from <a href="dws_04_0926.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__seb4ea8b8bc704f4eb9f7e7661c826fa9">TimeZone</a>, this parameter takes effect for all sessions in the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a6165d539a3194c77b720ef1b7a9fdda8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1959810183712">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a97a3a507c90a45d888bc342e2cff5b57"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059779159_a1b051ea8e65c4a3e9f20a7de48f8e292">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__abe79e7b1ab7b4c3d9873da48de526f5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b14726192912234">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b2726162916230">PRC</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__note1086972319196"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p1933215820233">The value can be changed when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b183814401307">gs_initdb</strong> is used to set system environments.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s0f9bdfeae6b64a4ca1773a93118e25a1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">logging_module</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ae497467375a54cec913d3b7cfe5809d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__en-us_topic_0059778400_b1969628515824">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether module logs can be output on the server. This parameter is a session-level parameter, and you are not advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706102317">gs_guc</strong> tool to set it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p3604683302"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1501341923">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ae209100cb34b453090ecf92376fd3de8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b1160010014">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__aa431c7db59fa45c78f6d5f3a08cbb188"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706102740">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706151436">off</strong>. All the module logs on the server can be viewed by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706103112">show logging_module</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a7cadbde5ab104a828d6ed5e82fa49145"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706102745">Setting method</strong>: First, you can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706103016">show logging_module</strong> to view which module is controllable. For example, the query output result is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s17a8924ef33246bbb21a0c3b78f018f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">show</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ALL,on(),off(DFS,GUC,HDFS,ORC,SLRU,MEM_CTL,AUTOVAC,CACHE,ADIO,SSL,GDS,TBLSPC,WLM,OBS,EXECUTOR,VEC_EXECUTOR,STREAM,LLVM,OPT,OPT_REWRITE,OPT_JOIN,OPT_AGG,OPT_SUBPLAN,OPT_SETOP,OPT_SKEW,UDF,COOP_ANALYZE,WLMCP,ACCELERATE,PLANHINT,PARQUET,CARBONDATA,SNAPSHOT,XACT,HANDLE,CLOG,EC,REMOTE,CN_RETRY,PLSQL,TEXTSEARCH,SEQ,INSTR,COMM_IPC,COMM_PARAM)</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a380ecc4a554443e89fe8e8e7ea3dacb5">Controllable modules are identified by uppercase letters, and the special ID ALL is used for setting all module logs. You can control module logs to be exported by setting the log modules to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b842352706103559">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b84235270610361">off</strong>. Enable log output for SSL:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s0c94b1aec57747a4bbaf3d12a26220ea"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'on(SSL)'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">show</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                                                                                                                              </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="w">                                               </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </span>
+<span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SSL</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GUC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HDFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ORC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SLRU</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MEM_CTL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">AUTOVAC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ADIO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GDS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TBLSPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OBS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">VEC_EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">LLVM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_REWRITE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_JOIN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_AGG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SUBPLAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SETOP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_CA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">RD</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SKEW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">UDF</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COOP_ANALYZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLMCP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ACCELERATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLANHINT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PARQUET</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CARBONDATA</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SNAPSHOT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XACT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HANDLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CLOG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TQUAL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">REMOTE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CN_RETRY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLSQL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TEXTSEARCH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SEQ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_IPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_PARAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CSTORE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a6c1e832210da48d99c43375b344dee7f">SSL log output is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a111db0aae5c0485381367a50e7e99ecf">The ALL identifier is equivalent to a shortcut operation. That is, logs of all modules can be enabled or disabled. </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__sa46fcab427ad49abbdceeb573463beb5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'off(ALL)'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">show</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                                                                                                                                </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="w">                                              </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </span>
+<span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GUC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HDFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ORC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SLRU</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MEM_CTL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">AUTOVAC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ADIO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SSL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GDS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TBLSPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OBS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">VEC_EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">LLVM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_REWRITE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_JOIN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_AGG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SUBPLAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SETOP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_C</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ARD</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SKEW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">UDF</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COOP_ANALYZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLMCP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ACCELERATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLANHINT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PARQUET</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CARBONDATA</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SNAPSHOT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XACT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HANDLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CLOG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TQUAL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">REMOTE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CN_RETRY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLSQL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TEXTSEARCH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SEQ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_IPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_PARAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CSTORE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'on(ALL)'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">show</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                                                                                                                               </span><span class="n">logging_module</span><span class="w">                                              </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </span>
+<span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GUC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HDFS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ORC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SLRU</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MEM_CTL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">AUTOVAC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ADIO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SSL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">GDS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TBLSPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OBS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">VEC_EXECUTOR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">LLVM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_REWRITE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_JOIN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_AGG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SUBPLAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_SETOP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OPT_CARD</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">OP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">T_SKEW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">UDF</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COOP_ANALYZE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WLMCP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ACCELERATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLANHINT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PARQUET</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CARBONDATA</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SNAPSHOT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">XACT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">HANDLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CLOG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TQUAL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">EC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">REMOTE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CN_RETRY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">PLSQL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TEXTSEARCH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SEQ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">INSTR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_IPC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMM_PARAM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">CSTORE</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__a9e32975601864b47b161fa35d9eb634e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b2342163173713">Dependency relationship</strong>: The value of this parameter depends on the settings of <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__section843517526358"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_unshipping_log</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p1043525273520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b941668363">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to log statements that are not pushed down. The logs help locate performance issues that may be caused by statements not pushed down.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p2011353582716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b179555426214">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p141570567378"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b5950165515171">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__ul1115710563378"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li13157155663711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b11560256161318">on</strong>: Statements not pushed down will be logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__li51571256123711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b64907001812">off</strong>: Statements not pushed down will not be logged.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p41573567373"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b14739191161814">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__b16740201181816">on</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__p243665243515"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0913.html">Error Reporting and Logging</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0918.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0918.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14b9e5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0918.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Alarm Detection</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__ab396c41c644d465086b7a96d8e4df08b">During cluster running, error scenarios can be detected in a timely manner to inform users as soon as possible.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__s64134ad39d1842bda43ac5af8ded7ba0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_alarm</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__a26179a11e5ff46c7b23f8fa5d6c56af0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0059779120_ab44f2b063aaf4beb8d6f6aea8f04c31b">Parameter description</strong>: Enables the alarm detection thread to detect the fault scenarios that may occur in the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__p440031729"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b1585617555239">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__abfcc7604674c4475a7b337fbbf49ebc3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0059779120_a93f09655437e4b668a4834d3b819174f">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__ubca291f528574f78ae343f6082a35a24"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__l98f939d7f427477ba817e0b2ad7c33ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b84235270618710">on</strong> indicates the alarm detection thread can be enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__l2e51321b7b29425b89ab0214d56cb3dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b84235270618720">off</strong> indicates the alarm detection thread cannot be enabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__a0d466b2c89e94c4cb72f935e478702c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b842352706171026">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b842352706171029">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__s799728dade9147399f512b7eeca079e7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">connection_alarm_rate</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__a816dba984d0d4ff4abfe0b8fdb9b6a9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0059779120_a7b22cc44e15b4e3b950043ceb60c0212">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the ratio restriction that the maximum number of allowed parallel connections to the database. The maximum number of concurrent connections to the database is <a href="dws_04_0889.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134530__s2d671f584b5647a19255e7c6a3d116aa">max_connections</a> x <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0085032058_b842352706171528">connection_alarm_rate</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__p6566171315125"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b124060577236">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__a35261d0a6ea1436aa364bbca3fd14d9c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0059779120_a493f4ca57d2e4bbda6442264338c34d4">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__ad4f462abda9b4b77bfe466c4ffe3ec28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b2079710363717">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b17798936477">0.9</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__s5a358fa1d13d4ddeb44199de1ac695ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">alarm_report_interval</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__a86979387c90d4122be7b7ee47bc4fe29"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__en-us_topic_0059779120_a0670d066c73c42d48702957b0456f5e1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval at which an alarm is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__p114111148151112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b22341859192315">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__ae4f3741b108d461a8dcb9c5250644c18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b1803126386">Value range</strong>: a non-negative integer. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__ac944114c9fc64189a904c64a8e831c7b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b842352706171359">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145695007__b84235270617142">10</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0919.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0919.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f738337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0919.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894919"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894919"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Statistics During the Database Running</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0920.html">Query and Index Statistics Collector</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0921.html">Performance Statistics</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0920.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0920.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c2161f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0920.html
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
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+<h1 class="topictitle1">Query and Index Statistics Collector</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a268561ade5984c0283c22ce44f705bb3">The query and index statistics collector is used to collect statistics during database running. The statistics include the times of inserting and updating a table and an index, the number of disk blocks and tuples, and the time required for the last cleanup and analysis on each table. The statistics can be viewed by querying system view families pg_stats and pg_statistic. The following parameters are used to set the statistics collection feature in the server scope.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s6b0083cc3bcb40879807c215decb9389"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_activities</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__afc7bc348f37c49dca0783e4039868b41"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b20190898">Parameter description</strong>: Collects statistics about the commands that are being executed in session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a10f26ff57c00455b82f72ff6efb35659"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b62701982181">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a583707d5ab254356bf3c14df911303dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b25312147">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ua9d86060549f4285b9934041d41e721b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l96d88df594954e2db405610cfee8eff3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b195366746634730">on</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l93111d9afd42412bb1dd8a855e7d3fd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b30774405134730">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ae5fd84f154b34dcebc888bc171597457"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706171026">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706171029">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s4682d08468f84845bfdc6ae9477126e8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s4682d08468f84845bfdc6ae9477126e8"></a><a name="s4682d08468f84845bfdc6ae9477126e8"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_counts</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ac5acba713a4f4aceb58c70135737321e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_ab754efb333a940448f416f9896ab02fc">Parameter description</strong>: Collects statistics about data activities.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p44114392542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1430151131820">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a8579e1dd57bf44189f48cca0390a49cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1279429798">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__u905ec35ac6bb429baa77d426d115329a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l9568273b2eb345f8b0e3b6d4060ae265"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b86685220434730">on</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l24bd614f6a39426d95ddc2afe1b112d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b134521767334730">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ncc6586d09c57407199105c318161e600"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a824848b59eb443a2ab6087c0b936e4d5">When the database to be cleaned up is selected from the AutoVacuum automatic cleanup process, the database statistics are required. In this case, the default value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b84235270618824">on</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__aa144fd15ed3f4054ac265066d87a9776"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s7ac4a5a51fff49d4984bcaa9133fa47e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_io_timing</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ad30d5296f13d4cfbba811c8f93fc7b27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b65006536">Parameter description</strong>: Collects statistics about I/O invoking timing in the database. The I/O timing statistics can be queried by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b137617752834730">pg_stat_database</strong> parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a7c62999d1bbc421bbe7d1304d0d3c546"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b12392161621816">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a04f5ebe55bf84ba2ade9a1ae0a34cbc2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b18806975">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ucecc3d59bf924ec494e1550f8c69ff2c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l865470681df1462098f37a9f9482a31a">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b8423527061898">on</strong>, the collection function is enabled. In this case, the collector repeatedly queries the OS at the current time. As a result, large numbers of costs may occur on some platforms. Therefore, the default value is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b68462588434730">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l499426b0651640f3bdc62e3b80f450ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b149413381134730">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__af063406b51a44e118f8d719aa0684ada"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s1677358074964556a69b04fe72b6f870"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a3136546134e5489cbffead378c877b44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b488426">Parameter description</strong>: Collects statistics about invoking times and duration in a function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a7c0d3f1bfe224a759215c60000765050"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b13268141771813">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__n5f8b16dc70164e7284827539b4ccde38"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ada614209e0a94cce90fb4a244c632e9b">When the SQL functions are set to inline functions queried by the invoking, these SQL functions cannot be traced no matter these functions are set or not.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a3ffab0ba9a3d49b0bb9ef2443e233a69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b33749742">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__uf35fa0112c9f45ccafb71604dd1de633"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__l527a012782224bf58f908635ea0991da"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b151712276034730">pl</strong> indicates that only procedural language functions are traced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ld34e08a2e47e4853baa36c31d2eb7658"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b104712267434730">all</strong> indicates that SQL and C language functions are traced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ld8725d2ef87e4c9dae3c54d153f13843"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b14212774234730">none</strong> indicates that the function tracing function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a59887972dd6b46baa46e05ac53c8703f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b37632759_4">Default value</strong>: none</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s76d000c5622f476a9e193a99266f181a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_activity_query_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a07e3d77c9fde4ed288127fd1cc17f9a7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_abd1fd520ffaf4608af5142d74cb38f3f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies byte counts of the current running commands used to trace each active session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p13005246552"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b192481189180">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a3b7f20f39d324651a2dbfdaae7a8d821"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1678152011815">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 100 to 102400</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a342efd77f97a4b3a9057329159528b7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706174334">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706174338">1024</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__sbaa4811f93854c53acaba7e87b29ee4e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">update_process_title</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__af29570915c4f4b5f96b0b527c91691a5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_en-us_topic_0058967616_b34989083">Parameter description:</strong> Collects statistics updated with a process name each time the server receives a new SQL statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a25aed4f8598d4b0ca42d56f8cdcbd218">The process name can be viewed on Windows task manager by running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706174418">ps</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a2b161f2e47f247e192eafc9f492e25d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b541629191817">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a5fbc91a8d7c24d07bbabcc2b74531768"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b378033558">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__u959ff9d30bb946d69494805f92e8c9c7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__lf7d19903ccc847b1a6df6364cd4425e2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b95294006034730">on</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__lb5c82b333915429b88fbc2e4d1786b69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b91962739534730">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ade83b8cacaa24dc6998f72e03d3d4373"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1318941955">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1331106185">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s7250d9d0b57049cea8fbdec409b1d7b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_thread_wait_status_interval</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ac88aee8ac4884e5d99fd102ad20a950c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059779313_a95f1b87b22144798ae615b10aa9c869e">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval of collecting the thread status information periodically.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ad29a976cce144182bf01b552010fbc3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b102341632201816">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ab94c5ab0d74a4eac9f2ffccc6db78962"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b106251620211">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1440. The unit is minute (min).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__a17f960a6d3c649c9b007c86e5ae7c836"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1810715512338">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b2108454332">30min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section05051855154013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_save_datachanged_timestamp</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1350616554403"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1272147153319">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to record the time when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b772210714333">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b12722172338">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b107236783312">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b163465157373">EXCHANGE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b5154201715379">TRUNCATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b86001221183717">DROP</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1083814240371">PARTITION</strong> is performed on table data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p14506135515402"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b17241633121819">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p19642151714318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b47311219203317">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul16258449144318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li1325818495433"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1661952153310">on</strong> indicates that the time when an operation is performed on table data will be recorded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li725934934318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18111923113319">off</strong> indicates that the time when an operation is performed on table data will not be recorded.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p185061855204014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b842352706172223">Default value</strong>: on</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section1177915311186"><h4 class="sectiontitle">instr_unique_sql_count</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p043243082211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1849105615576">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to collect Unique SQL statements and the maximum number of unique SQL statements that can be collected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p32152031165311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b377483315182">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p207791435182"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b711815131219">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul19514928101410"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li1351410282146">If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18214163045812">0</strong>, Unique SQL statistics are not collected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li12514182861417">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b13146124115584">0</strong>, the number of Unique SQL statements collected on the CN cannot exceed the value of this parameter. When the number of collected unique SQL statements reaches the upper limit, new unique SQL statements are not collected. In this case, you can increase the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b13371102217598">reload</strong> to continue collecting new unique SQL statements.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1779113101820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059778487_a023402ff020d43919b2d4639671ceb32">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195030">0</strong></p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note69212415183"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p492117418181">If a new value is loaded using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b84431214412">reload</strong> and the new value is less than the original value, the Unique SQL statistics collected by the corresponding CN will be cleared. Note that the clearing operation is performed by the background thread of the resource management module. If the GUC parameter <a href="dws_04_0922.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__sc1692143c357427cbeadd6160010fd40">use_workload_manager</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b6676771944">off</strong>, the clearing operation may fail. In this case, you can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b11676773413">reset_instr_unique_sql</strong> function for clearing.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section6524929122813"><h4 class="sectiontitle">track_sql_count</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p465812451251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b19328621734">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to collect statistics on the number of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b15210652043">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b75842711413">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18259101649">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b99926121846">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b892513161848">MERGE INTO</strong> statements that are being executed in each session, the response time of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b185511442412">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1546547248">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1235812492410">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b8351553144">DELETE</strong> statements, and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p14803420104619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b153813352182">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p14803142015468"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1660954887">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul9805122015469"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li19805142014614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b690918121516">on</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li5806820164614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b103319198511">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p98071520174610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b14551021134012">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b4621321184010">on</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note109116432373"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul51138231"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li811188039">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1031817261221">track_sql_count</strong> parameter is restricted by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b11241730162218">track_activities</strong> parameter.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul33132218475"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li367816198474">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b64971154172217">track_activities</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1954342382319">on</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1748002682319">track_sql_count</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18138113292316">off</strong>, a warning message indicating that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b921715102419">track_sql_count</strong> is disabled will be displayed when the view <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b132962217617">gs_sql_count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18534125711612">pgxc_sql_count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b192661121977">gs_workload_sql_count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b85225292718">pgxc_workload_sql_count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b551557777">global_workload_sql_count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b797910713814">gs_workload_sql_elapse_time</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b141575178814">pgxc_workload_sql_elapse_time</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b2922129088">global_workload_sql_elapse_time</strong> are queried.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li56783198477">If both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b621255932412">track_activities</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b145872182512">track_sql_count</strong> are set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1613310952516">off</strong>, two logs indicating that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b127900425253">track_activities</strong> is disabled and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b6523114514252">track_sql_count</strong> is disabled will be displayed when the views are queried.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li13678219194710">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b52641933142613">track_activities</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b128906391262">off</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b718634611265">track_sql_count</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b132239550262">on</strong>, a log indicating that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1430576631">track_activities</strong> is disabled will be displayed when the views are queried.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul14749111933"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li774961116317">If this parameter is disabled, querying the view returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b523120337479">0</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section157928258228"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_track_wait_event</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1780184819226"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b148743815">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to collect statistics on waiting events, including the number of occurrence times, number of failures, duration, maximum waiting time, minimum waiting time, and average waiting time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p3817195510222"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b9852740163915">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p880184812223"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b3578245173912">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul980104892210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li188054812218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b2125424480">on</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li080164882210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1198808404">off</strong> indicates that the statistics collection function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1980174814227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b91359516394">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b414225133916">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note192121046112411"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul642461020253"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li17424110182515">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b12775174554511">enable_track_wait_event</strong> parameter is restricted by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b15172512453">track_activities</strong>. Its functions cannot take effect no matter whether it is enabled if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b16248115115467">track_activities</strong> is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li124243109250">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b2807245174812">track_activities</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b13462104844810">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is disabled, if you query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b542151374911">get_instr_wait_event</strong> function, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b10256151944916">gs_wait_events</strong> view, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1037902210493">pgxc_wait_events</strong> view, a message is displayed indicating that the GUC parameter is disabled and the query result is 0.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li114241110132513">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b129101746104912">track_activities</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b53480497497">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is disabled during cluster running, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__text11931144813252">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will not collect statistics on waiting events. However, statistics that have been collected are not affected.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section17472228162311"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_wdr_snapshot</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p17472142811231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1014322918507">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the performance view snapshot function. After this function is enabled, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__text9661195772610">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will periodically create snapshots for some system performance views and save them permanently. In addition, it will accept manual snapshot creation requests.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p64731828142315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b84183436519">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p15473172842318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1574316544517">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul17473162815237"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li54731328102319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b14590456185113">on</strong> indicates that the snapshot function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li13473928102319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b193869215529">off</strong> indicates that the snapshot function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p8473182822320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b174893115010">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b07494315017">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note1493162532617"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul177911932122611"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li179173210266">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b17671311413">create_wdr_snapshot</strong> function is executed to manually create a view when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b7851838405">enable_wdr_snapshot</strong> parameter is disabled, a message is displayed indicating that the GUC parameter is not enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li1479113325266">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b12711215220">enable_wdr_snapshot</strong> parameter is modified during the snapshot creation process, the snapshot that is being created is not affected. The modification takes effect when the snapshot is manually or periodically created next time.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section794343418230"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wdr_snapshot_interval</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p179431634162317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b989412917210">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval for automatically creating performance view snapshots.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p139441934132316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1812019303310">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p129441334162318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b16344145713311">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 10 to 180, in minutes</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p179443342234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b109654376103">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1852764121011">60</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note6554112514288"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul545412321284"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li245415321283">The value of this parameter must be set in accordance with the cluster load. You are advised to set this parameter to a value greater than the time required for creating a snapshot.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li12455203232811">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b4328142014397">wdr_snapshot_interval</strong> is less than the time required for creating a snapshot, the system will skip this snapshot creation because it finds that the previous snapshot creation is not complete when the time for this automatic snapshot creation arrives.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__section362484119232"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wdr_snapshot_retention_days</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p12624124112232"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b6893135614110">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of days for storing performance snapshot data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p46241841182312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1568711744210">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1262412415231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1884095311525">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 15 days</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__p1362518413234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b1413578664144214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b578690575144214">8</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__note145825253020"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__ul20372125912301"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li1437219598305">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b13111479425">enable_wdr_snapshot</strong> is enabled, snapshot data that has been stored for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__b18666487489">wdr_snapshot_retention_days</strong> days will be automatically deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li10373659103010">The value of this parameter must be set in accordance with the available disk space. A larger value requires more disk space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__li14373185916304">The modification of this parameter does not take effect immediately. The expired snapshot data will be cleared only when a snapshot is automatically created next time.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0919.html">Statistics During the Database Running</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0921.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0921.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e5aff2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0921.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Performance Statistics</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__en-us_topic_0059778587_p254017289712">During the running of the database, the lock access, disk I/O operation, and invalid message process are involved. All these operations are the bottleneck of the database performance. The performance statistics method provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__text386952898">GaussDB(DWS)</span> can facilitate the performance fault location.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__s4fd6432339d740f3998fd10be444d2db"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b842352706174910">Generating Performance Statistics Logs</strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__adfd96ceb8d144a24b8d9e773ae15515b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b50834120">Parameter description</strong>: For each query, the following four parameters control the performance statistics of corresponding modules recorded in the server log:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__ua75782b01a6d4cbfafe6fd0531edf159"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__l64283ecd33f146b99d7c04a652fa14df">The <strong>og_parser_stats</strong> parameter controls the performance statistics of a parser recorded in the server log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__l354a811d70374945a79c7baa734408ba">The <strong>log_planner_stats</strong> parameter controls the performance statistics of a query optimizer recorded in the server log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__l4b06a619915f4263832a9446efdb5625">The <strong>log_executor_stats</strong> parameter controls the performance statistics of an executor recorded in the server log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__lc74d9040328b428ea423519e9b97c2d0">The <strong>log_statement_stats</strong> parameter controls the performance statistics of the whole statement recorded in the server log.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__a1d801880aae94e6c88261244184fc68f">All these parameters can only provide assistant analysis for administrators, which are similar to the getrusage() of the Linux OS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__p13910175051418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b61647259246">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__n6125fbf5e3da4ff0a65003dc6a1ac107"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__u03ab095ff24a42c080c1bb3903f9f639"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__lbee2434aa1684ce7a4d6502de151753d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b1081019122283">log_statement_stats</strong> records the total statement statistics while other parameters only record statistics about each statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__le3fa6a5a60ec497c917454c998125efc">The <strong>log_statement_stats</strong> parameter cannot be enabled together with other parameters recording statistics about each statement.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__a3197873039b044998a59823ea870457f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__en-us_topic_0059778587_en-us_topic_0058967769_b46978094">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__u4f64d2a992d44c048d459a4b68e8dc22"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__l8cca839973344b039a69658ca227da4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b842352706175332">on</strong> indicates the function of recording performance statistics is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__ldb24f2cfde1643aaad08a8a4fdf12ad9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b842352706175419">off</strong> indicates the function of recording performance statistics is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__a7546fc41d3b643938f247bbf355f142b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145494899__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0919.html">Statistics During the Database Running</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0922.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0922.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4093f85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0922.html
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Workload Management</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_p618513518710">If database resource usage is not controlled, concurrent tasks easily preempt resources. As a result, the OS will be overloaded and cannot respond to user tasks; or even crash and cannot provide any services to users. The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__text763749">GaussDB(DWS)</span> workload management function balances the database workload based on available resources to avoid database overloading.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__sc1692143c357427cbeadd6160010fd40"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__sc1692143c357427cbeadd6160010fd40"></a><a name="sc1692143c357427cbeadd6160010fd40"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">use_workload_manager</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a316504de19154266a6636c8d1b50369d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b652788289142544">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the resource management function. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p4716143414116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b17311519203317">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a6a4fa4df92ad45b481bac62a94474e39"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b118151824103315">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__u45d51c5a02724590866ccf03b1023e22"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__lf888c078ac404b47b69c195cf7048405"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706152821_1">on</strong> indicates the resource management function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l3291c2651e5c4f019212d19cb7b693fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b181436343419">off</strong> indicates the resource management function is disabled.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note2091118244406"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul1602153014301"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1602113013013">If a method in <a href="dws_04_0885.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s8adb68393b48467a948956afaaaf8589">Setting GUC Parameters</a> is used to change the parameter value, the new value takes effect only for the threads that are started after the change. In addition, the new value does not take effect for new jobs that are executed by backend threads and reused threads. You can make the new value take effect for these threads by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10447103211135">kill session</strong> or restarting the node.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li976571011338">After the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b43513563410">use_workload_manager</strong> changes from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b14136181811341">off</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10122202118346">on</strong>, the resource management view becomes available, and you can query the storage resource usage collected in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b106581334135218">off</strong> state. If there are slight errors and the storage resource usage needs to be corrected, run the following command. If data is inserted into the table during the command execution, the statistics may be inaccurate.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__screen543292811347"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_readjust_user_space</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a87e5c5017855416bb743faf01c512c3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b12149173155843_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270613017">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s39ebfe72e74648fb81f92fa564b9d39e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_control_group</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ad5284729289048e2b4f7eb112f42e6ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b29061023201313">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the Cgroup management function. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p151621540121"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b91371710143715">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a838a482a501c49218bb74c2c5f2df3db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b24458229162831_4">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__uad3f115a20364324b5f0221faece3bc6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l9dce0aeca41c46eabcd7e7e1f730cd50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706152821_3">on</strong> indicates the Cgroup management function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__lfa3c37995fb14b5a876fdedb67bb0985"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b4363056125518">off</strong> indicates the Cgroup management function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ada6c94e46b3e4baa98b34fa8148b338e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b24231419414">Default value</strong>: on</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note1841083419401"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p3583455175111">If a method in <a href="dws_04_0885.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814675__s8adb68393b48467a948956afaaaf8589">Setting GUC Parameters</a> is used to change the parameter value, the new value takes effect only for the threads that are started after the change. In addition, the new value does not take effect for new jobs that are executed by backend threads and reused threads. You can make the new value take effect for these threads by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b053151116166">kill session</strong> or restarting the node.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__sd69ee7d7896a492fb47b3977f1cc0d64"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_backend_control</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a415d4558eda84a58b976d1492207203f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b8423527061625_1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to control the database permanent thread to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191222">DefaultBackend</strong> Cgroup. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a27c2ab222fa64f2f9e0158545d224405"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b2932417103819">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__af0635b889a0b42a1ab6ddb2f9eef6039"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_a680a24aa162b4e7584b5f9bc4be4bca7">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__uc6d879f6b847443ab147f469af3ed9ec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__lc97a270344314b5095ad98fa0f017d53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706161233">on</strong>: Controls the permanent thread to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191416">DefaultBackend</strong> Cgroup.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l3d67d717aa02400aac1d7c817e619279"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706161238">off</strong>: Does not control the permanent thread to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191452">DefaultBackend</strong> Cgroup.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__adad89d368d7b4a35ab8358bfade03992"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_aeb2b50c132ce4f71b8a1582542cef1ac">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270613137">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s0e0660e7300f4bf88f3a315b35fca5d2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_vacuum_control</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a7e3b3e8003174e789370d1d59409eef8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b8423527061625_3">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to control the database permanent thread autoVacuumWorker to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191040">Vacuum</strong> Cgroup. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p8884154161216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1909013370">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a6ecc9a1ee5924ebea3a1a5a202fb493d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_a1d4b6429d75a4a9eade72b4bcc518630">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__u704e6d7b678247b497f45a9e504d66cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l8651e4b645d545f586262e4b2e4fe39b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b8423527061625_5">on</strong>: Controls the database permanent thread autoVacuumWorker to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191537">Vacuum</strong> Cgroup.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__lea0e70c2ed484f83afa25eb75fb3b4c7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b8423527061625_7">off</strong>: Does not control the database permanent thread autoVacuumWorker to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706191545">Vacuum</strong> Cgroup.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a955a0271dc6544f4b1ac26a44dac5110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b15854097155846_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706141744">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s46a1cb63ed974be883cbbcf68a7278c2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_perm_space</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a7437a2f18290429db6b71ff0677709c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1462576847142759">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the perm space function. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p36931045131313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1011411208389">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a960fb8db6a7241ad8fea3a9d09cbda4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_b1102664415112">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ua6462fa046b0460e938954882d611afa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l9bdf184d5ca84737be389d6ce9f74d1d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b551791272">on</strong> indicates the perm space function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l6be8caa82c8647c09b2edce3e14dbcf7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b4433887534714">off</strong> indicates the perm space function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_p246103015112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967679_b2933732">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_b842352706154337">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section13219124221519"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_verify_active_statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p363315511184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b46816572334714">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the background calibration function in static adaptive load scenarios. This parameter must be used on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p2633251141811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10411621183811">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p10262174221519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b24458229162831_2">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul12736420156"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li10279134219158"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b4972265134714">on</strong> indicates the background calibration function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1229364210151"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b90450464934714">off</strong> indicates the background calibration function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p203071425155"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b2017362501">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b450662564">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s7a13b0da34a74fe886bdf7671e62019b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_active_statements</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__addc805286ca74ef9a2554b470c4fae80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270617340">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum global concurrency. This parameter applies to one CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a447d771bfc8d4fe4aaf11bd98cf5fed4">The database administrator changes the value of this parameter based on system resources (for example, CPU, I/O, and memory resources) so that the system fully supports the concurrency tasks and avoids too many concurrency tasks resulting in system crash.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p16407102791018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1787012212383">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a074267e4991b476ebb38e7061f47c80f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1190172722719">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b8361163317211">-1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b33896379211">0</strong> indicate that the number of concurrent requests is not limited.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a3e180989283945129914c1800c110445"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b109654376103">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1852764121011">60</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__sab51422c793f40ad8958c193761edaf9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">parctl_min_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a15fd2f5990cc4c9c8015b21c819cfd25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b84235270617380">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum execution cost of a statement under the concurrency control of a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p157803941017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1352510222389">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__aade5fd4a9a6b4ef3ba9306281eefb5a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b180196129434714">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul88941839114812"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li9894183913480">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1522646042">–1</strong> or the cost of executing statements is less than 10, the job is controlled by the fast lane.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li178941139194811">If the value is greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b16646110850">0</strong>, and the cost of executing statements exceeds the value and is greater than or equal to 10, the statements are subject to the concurrent limit of a resource pool.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ad3ea3b4b3e664405aa381a3078a4debc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b83871373311">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b3387137203116">100000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s8159a12f556d464abbf1acffe467b548"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cgroup_name</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a6d50fdbf988d447dbf68bf86dbc6fa5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a522d727b6be540ffb963a801b2f48052">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the name of the Cgroup in use. It can be used to change the priorities of jobs in the queue of a Cgroup.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p119020197324">If you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706175935">cgroup_name</strong> and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706175940">session_respool</strong>, the Cgroups associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b8423527061803">session_respool</strong> take effect. If you reverse the order, Cgroups associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b84235270618042">cgroup_name</strong> take effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p75569413347">If the Workload Cgroup level is specified during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1631274119139">cgroup_name</strong> change, the database does not check the Cgroup level. The level ranges from 1 to 10.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p141021638141912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b206805233385">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p63212713170">You are not advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706181635">cgroup_name</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706181640">session_respool</strong> at the same time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__afb9148a5a4a54b2592c8b2610df13767"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b688672095621">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a960082ccca4246e0a475c33188966896"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b16948152754819">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b18452203324810">DefaultClass:Medium</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note1953653910322"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p366615446327"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b429654704815">DefaultClass:Medium</strong> indicates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1048713795016">Medium</strong> Cgroup belonging to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b173481122135011">Timeshare</strong> Cgroup under the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1824672714505">DefaultClass</strong> Cgroup.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s9224d1039e814e98adaf4ad27b6f75a8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cpu_collect_timer</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__aa6156749df6b4c92b932c96a799159f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270617952">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies how frequently CPU data is collected during statement execution on DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a3fdc9e4f16ad491d803cf5410e50e0f7">The database administrator changes the value of this parameter based on system resources (for example, CPU, I/O, and memory resources) so that the system fully supports the concurrency tasks and avoids too many concurrency tasks resulting in system crash.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p197702445910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b13991724143816">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__aba34754d9bce4b06bf6659dc7a0710c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967791_b23455951">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a35237e01b6844cff85b60c4854b62d6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967582_b40689991104939_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967582_b84235270617812_1">30</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s565c7e2c8cb34d4db165766b74a73683"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_cgroup_switch</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a5eca9c9caeac4b98a5ae1bdee735cf0a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706172123_1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the database automatically switches to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706192357">TopWD</strong> group when executing statements by group type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p241918691910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b18921162543816">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a0a1bc12cb50947aaab525684d57deda3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_abdb6603792074f608afcc026778454fb">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__u508ca40006484f93ac6601714ce81f84"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l24467bedd0504ff08a43c85df18138ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706172123_3">on</strong>: The database automatically switches to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706192435">TopWD</strong> group when executing statements by group type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__labe48b71421d46bfbf1665865f5169cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706172123_5">off</strong>: The database does not automatically switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b84235270619276">TopWD</strong> group when executing statements by group type.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a2fc3159e811a498cbc4238818a718375"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b5971851117846_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270613313">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s99d436e056b446d19c841da7b23faae8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">memory_tracking_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a67919fed03e44562bea8db4b97c2e70e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706172610">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory information recording mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1746473641810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1852632613389">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a66ad8055b3f04c22bda844ba1e2493cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b25782132328">Value range</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul29059994172249"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li16695073172249"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706105333">none</strong>: Memory statistics is not collected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li5710012517239"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706105432">normal:</strong> Only memory statistics is collected in real time and no file is generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li56020122172333"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706105529">executor:</strong> The statistics file is generated, containing the context information about all allocated memory used by the execution layer.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li61119980172352"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706112725">fullexec</strong>: The generated file includes the information about all memory contexts requested by the execution layer.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a368ea04ff5554e6293efd92bdd49074c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10048826103114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b110848183317">none</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s3f3dd81692d64ce08fa1a352e9ebb56f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">memory_detail_tracking</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a72d25f2d0320437c992a285dcb72ce7f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1678060675144418">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the sequence number of the memory background information distributed in the needed thread and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706192855">plannodeid</strong> of the query where the current thread is located.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1245071620182"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b61126275389">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__af350ee0eedbe4e05b3454c4d69ce0b7c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b37796097_1">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a39299a499b1e41288f2d9ea1fdc82e42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_b421586113118">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__n83cc48fd8396484199f83f9de17a7247"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a0c78987d9e3a4018abbf4890e1f7804d">It is recommended that you retain the default value for this parameter.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s9530ecdd2b0d4a98b67b66e32bf8e5d0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s9530ecdd2b0d4a98b67b66e32bf8e5d0"></a><a name="s9530ecdd2b0d4a98b67b66e32bf8e5d0"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_resource_track</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ae718ea1b2bf14c248e8eb722b646360d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1681868811144355">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the real-time resource monitoring function is enabled. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p16411142618918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1511714282389">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__aa360558c12b34fa28006d7763756d1da"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b24458229162831_6">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__u3ff70c8d7adb42d0a45d5b54d7b482d6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l502f22098a3546a38fb609437f27473d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706152821_5">on</strong> indicates the resource monitoring function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l0b48936acbbe4f13a19e6dd43f120bd5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b104214192034714">off</strong> indicates the resource monitoring function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a32291243ba3049eba8785fab5e24526b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1101529633172346">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b421067350172346">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s5f116e109a2944e3854abcc56772eaa1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_resource_record</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1091904413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b832542111412">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether resource monitoring records are archived. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b383935210484">on</strong>, records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1984015211483">history</strong> views (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1840752104820">GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b184165217481">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY</strong>) are archived to the corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1984215521488">info</strong> views (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b38426525481">GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b084345214810">GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO</strong>) at an interval of 3 minutes. After being archived, the records are deleted from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b98491052194818">history</strong> views. This parameter must be applied on both CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1179712121695"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b51611129203815">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a2a0deb112b624e15a23774120200a46e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b24458229162831_8">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__u1632ed197ebf48c5a6bc26e750b6c0ce"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l084582a6e1e3496dbdc97769d266b4b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b96415896734714">on</strong> indicates that the resource monitoring records are archived.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__le34a6e152c0344d6bfc4e472e72efdeb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b58509289134714">off</strong> indicates that the resource monitoring records are not archived.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ab67a24a37b7243788a434311c708ccd4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b5971851117846_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b84235270613657">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section827402723813"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_user_metric_persistent</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p11270427183812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b12224252164710">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the user historical resource monitoring dumping function is enabled. If this function is enabled, data in view <a href="dws_04_0790.html">PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO</a> is periodically sampled and saved to system catalog <a href="dws_04_0567.html">GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1127122142015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10901163033810">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p122719274381"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b62701527133814">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul8271162773818"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li027142783810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1719240197">on</strong> indicates that the user historical resource monitoring dumping function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1127132753810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1574314220261">off</strong> indicates that the user historical resource monitoring dumping function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1227192763813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b252762322615">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b19539142312264">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section16298163313384"><h4 class="sectiontitle">user_metric_retention_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p3294193323812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b535910298266">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the retention time of the user historical resource monitoring data. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1115554414451">enable_user_metric_persistent</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b0588051131915">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p9741742201712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b852711362126">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p12295183323817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b3410547290">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 3650. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul162957333386"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1729533393816">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b695532443012">0</strong>, user historical resource monitoring data is permanently stored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li42950332387">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b92762472309">0</strong>, user historical resource monitoring data is stored for the specified number of days.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p102959336388"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0058967657_b26917141">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706204923">7</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section18113133910385"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_instance_metric_persistent</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p111103911388"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b6373122616317">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the instance resource monitoring dumping function is enabled. When this function is enabled, the instance monitoring data is saved to the system catalog <a href="dws_04_0564.html">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p15909933122014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b17956123303813">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p9112133915386"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b2112139103816">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul11112113912389"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li101126395382"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b384572402">on</strong> indicates that the instance resource monitoring dumping function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li111283915386"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b612611410332">off</strong>: Specifies that the instance resource monitoring dumping function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p12112239173820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b75814610348">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b069765347">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section314449385"><h4 class="sectiontitle">instance_metric_retention_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p00124414383"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1853993015344">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the retention time of the instance historical resource monitoring data. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1998886519">enable_instance_metric_persistent</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1851832146">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1834911203172"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b378725910123">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p31144411387"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b7851939132">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 3650. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul4114423811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li41344143820">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b12112125643519">0</strong>, instance historical resource monitoring data is permanently stored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li7118449381">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b138631453133614">0</strong>, the instance historical resource monitoring data is stored for the specified number of days.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p3194419386"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b451793320">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b66610560">7</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section153571329142612"></a><a name="section153571329142612"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">resource_track_level</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p735952912615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b741103941">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the resource monitoring level of the current session. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b7190191612820">enable_resource_track</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b74951311588">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p117112313179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1421443511383">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p7363172910268"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777487_a54344496219b4074ad956d5febb62b4c">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul15363122916268"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1436322917264"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b41866398234714">none</strong>: Resources are not monitored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1666725091914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b5647222324">query</strong>: Enables query-level resource monitoring. If this function is enabled, the plan information (similar to the output information of EXPLAIN) of SQL statements will be recorded in top SQL statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li73310451216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1577665715312">perf</strong>: Enables the perf-level resource monitoring. If this function is enabled, the plan information (similar to the output information of EXPLAIN ANALYZE) that contains the actual execution time and the number of execution rows will be recorded in the top SQL.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li17365182911264"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b5168191310520">operator</strong>: enables the operator-level resource monitoring. If this function is enabled, not only the information including the actual execution time and number of execution rows is recorded in the top SQL statement, but also the operator-level execution information is updated to the top SQL statement.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p436982932619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706153219">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706153224">query</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1089022732713"></a><a name="section1089022732713"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">resource_track_cost</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p10896172717275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b14896152782710">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum execution cost for resource monitoring on statements in the current session. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b14246261586">enable_resource_track</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b192611269815">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p14848174121618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1482133513382">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p4901127122712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1161683134">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul118701111164912"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li16870811194919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b498193110483">–1</strong> indicates that resource monitoring is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li95612483106">A value greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1476354145012">0</strong> indicates that statements whose execution cost exceeds this value will be monitored.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p11911192752714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1820213476599">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b22022470591">100000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section347574425112"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section347574425112"></a><a name="section347574425112"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">resource_track_duration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1479644125111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b152714715574">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum statement execution time that determines whether information about jobs of a statement recorded in the real-time view (see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462">Table 1</a>) will be dumped to a historical view after the statement is executed. Job information will be dumped from the real-time view (with the suffix <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b42981326135716">statistics</strong>) to a historical view (with the suffix <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b183001261575">history</strong>) if the statement execution time is no less than this value. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1569071491619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b15574600396">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p84841144145112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b63362351318">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is second (s).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul817641714915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li617601754918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706194922">0</strong> indicates that information about all statements recorded in the real-time resource monitoring view (see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462">Table 1</a>) will be archived into historical views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li12176417164910">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b17583134610111">0</strong>, information about statements recorded in the real-time resource monitoring view (see <a href="dws_04_0397.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974816__table16116143418462">Table 1</a>), whose execution time exceeds this value will be archived into historical views.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p3489114412516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706185119">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059778244_b15310055141954">1min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section104016114237"><h4 class="sectiontitle">dynamic_memory_quota</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p14418175713620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b041719571368">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory quota in adaptive load scenarios, that is, the proportion of maximum available memory to total system memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p159991748202013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1574317111397">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p6446211172319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b13451161192319">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 100</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1585722371119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b55291462334714">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b213900953134714">80</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section174761723101217"><h4 class="sectiontitle">disable_memory_protect</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p8480142318127"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b548232351218">Parameter description:</strong> Stops memory protection. To query system views when system memory is insufficient, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b196820715134714">on</strong> to stop memory protection. This parameter is used only to diagnose and debug the system when system memory is insufficient. Set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b184955762934714">off</strong> in other scenarios.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p27124510150"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b115746263918">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p18492172391214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b943622892">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul18295447181311"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1429784791313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b26312387934714">on</strong> indicates that memory protection stops.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li12305747131314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b151718890734714">off</strong> indicates that memory is protected.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p2049718238123"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b107246176">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b126441285">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section631565955912"><h4 class="sectiontitle">query_band</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p831816598591"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b03183591590">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the job type of the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1159102281513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1234913113914">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p18321155915599"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b890366342">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1232185914598"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b4976537817215">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s8683aa29b8104ebf8bbb0a493688881d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_bbox_dump</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_p199220525113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b79904029414435">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the black box function is enabled. The core files can be generated even through the core dump mechanism is not configured in the system. This parameter must be simultaneously used on CNs and DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p2039402411715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1690011463917">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_p69226524112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_en-us_topic_0058967586_b24458229162831_10">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__uffc10316a39e481091933ecfd644607a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__l9338f705cbbf4aebbee9b7f81e64c37c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b86671272734714">on</strong> indicates that the black box function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ldec21fcf18be47e0966a86535b15fd0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b82409685134714">off</strong> indicates that the black box function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777791_p19224527112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b761417118">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b421642118">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section15334124411419"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_dynamic_workload</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p113372044141412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1103965523">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the dynamic workload management function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p19268144813616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b498711519394">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1334010443148"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b116398083">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul19341134431413"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li183421544101416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706193247">on</strong> indicates the dynamic workload management function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li8343184412143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b123083784">off</strong> indicates the dynamic workload management function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p19345444141417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1544954218411">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b344944218419">on</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note1157234191015"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul11572044103"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li2572164111014">If memory adaptation is enabled, you do not need to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b135065662334714">work_mem</strong> to optimize the operator memory usage after collecting statistics. The system will generate a plan for each statement based on the current load, estimating the memory used by each operator and by the entire statement. In a concurrency scenario, statements are queued based on the system load and their memory usage.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li205729412103">The optimizer cannot accurately estimate the number of rows and will probably underestimate or overestimate memory usage. If the memory usage is underestimated, the allocated memory will be automatically increased during statement running. If the memory usage is overestimated, system resources will not be fully used, and the number of statements waiting in a queue will increase, which probably results in low performance. To improve performance, identify the statements whose estimated memory usage is much greater than the DN peak memory and adjust the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b118001836171213">query_max_mem</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_04_0453.html">Adjusting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning</a>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__s49ffefbc1d7e4261a3b9b6bde1e9a147"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bbox_dump_count</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ad31ef0c87e1744859be6dbfec2e978c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b92572581368">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of core files that are generated by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__text425719581561">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and can be stored in the path specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b23981313672">bbox_dump_path</strong>. If the number of core files exceeds this value, old core files will be deleted. This parameter is valid only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b19565330473">enable_bbox_dump</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b12566530572">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p74798402510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b18943938183913">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a44e616b37b524be99d1e4e1cf8d29578"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b15123128115616">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 20</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__add923227fd1148f9a00db57996e3c3ff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1413578664144214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b578690575144214">8</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ncdaf889bc5bd4b0e9b36c618b7241881"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__a1526da0b291442fa916ba5b03aedd1cc">When core files are generated during concurrent SQL statement execution, the number of files may be larger than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b2005970014144133">bbox_dump_count</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1148143712203"><h4 class="sectiontitle">io_limits</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p12501837102015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706193728">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the upper limit of IOPS triggered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p11335216520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b5683154023910">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p2353169278"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059777487_en-us_topic_0058967566_b6696864">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 1073741823</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p18641037102016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059778487_a023402ff020d43919b2d4639671ceb32">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195030">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section0751123912227"><h4 class="sectiontitle">io_priority</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p652216533225"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b3941371851">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the I/O priority for jobs that consume many I/O resources. It takes effect when the I/O usage reaches 90%.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p19172056519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1124334173913">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p075714396226"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1286223381">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul584258251503"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1136775412577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706194045">None</strong> indicates no control.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li327400081503"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b115361852567">Low</strong> indicates that the IOPS is reduced to 20% of the original value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li266002731506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b880675479">Medium</strong> indicates that the IOPS is reduced to 50% of the original value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li587127221508"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b904446926">High</strong> indicates that the IOPS is reduced to 80% of the original value.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1675915397225"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b12034753911539">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b152401163719">None</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section2673131522715"><h4 class="sectiontitle">session_respool</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p067531572720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706194554">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the resource pool associated with the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p76261753133513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b478114411391">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p165805713355">If you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b790499049">cgroup_name</strong> and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b353690084">session_respool</strong>, the Cgroups associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1139247576">session_respool</strong> take effect. If you reverse the order, Cgroups associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1659190090">cgroup_name</strong> take effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p5591757183516">If the Workload Cgroup level is specified during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1136555769">cgroup_name</strong> change, the database does not check the Cgroup level. The level ranges from 1 to 10.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p7223154111811">You are not advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b377176030">cgroup_name</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1563060739">session_respool</strong> at the same time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p168061522714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706194349">Value range</strong>: a string. This parameter can be set to the resource pool configured through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706194528">create resource pool</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p968301582711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1236521377">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1140673706">invalid_pool</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section106864402366"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_transaction_parctl</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1968613403367"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b10392155641511">Parameter description</strong>: whether to control transaction block statements and stored procedure statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p135009518411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b2052904283914">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p56861040103620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b176564490">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul16861640113613"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li12686040183613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b110355215161">on</strong>: Transaction block statements and stored procedure statements are controlled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li19686174013617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1344353011171">off</strong>: Transaction block statements and stored procedure statements are not controlled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p168764003610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1528961362">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b370256598">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section4520191223820"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section4520191223820"></a><a name="section4520191223820"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">session_statistics_memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p552161293819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b391159272">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory size of a real-time query view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p13522246734"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1127217436392">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p175211312193814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b113271521481">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 5 MB to 50% of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b532932118810">max_process_memory</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p5521121293817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b873711221885">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b107381722587">5 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section27306369458"><h4 class="sectiontitle">session_history_memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p10730143684512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b81703241277">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the memory size of a historical query view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p99441634935"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b12848124318395">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p273193613458"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b16919152612815">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 10 MB to 50% of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b292110261582">max_process_memory</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1373114364453"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1228652820814">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1328712282819">100 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section2570135114116"><h4 class="sectiontitle">topsql_retention_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p0613161384"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b61401423114716">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the retention period of historical TopSQL data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b6592135012479">gs_wlm_session_info</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b20547105474716">gs_wlm_operator_info</strong> tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p252917217319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1327894433918">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p176131643817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b111145313377">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 3650. The unit is day.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul24731743104213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li047315438424">If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b139411713133218">0</strong>, the data is stored permanently.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1473104310427">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1834015160386">0</strong>, the data is stored for the specified number of days.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p13691613386"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b13915259151516">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b842352706165429">0</strong></p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note2020576431"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p12165734317">Before setting this GUC parameter to enable the data retention function, delete data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1100652183314">gs_wlm_session_info</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b531435533318">gs_wlm_operator_info</strong> tables.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section1835116504363"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_pending_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p335185043614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b965356141816">Parameter description</strong>: maximum queuing time of transaction block statements and stored procedure statements if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b8106111214191">enable_transaction_parctl</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b25061918161919">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p12603151319214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1439412454391">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p335111501361"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b218764790">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to INT_MAX. The unit is second (s).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul13351150103610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1335116502368"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b119721869208">–1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b3276613192010">0</strong>: No queuing timeout is specified for transaction block statements and stored procedure statements. The statements can be executed when resources are available.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li163511950193616">Value greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b97628503212">0</strong>: If transaction block statements and stored procedure statements have been queued for a time longer than the specified value, they are forcibly executed regardless of the current resource situation.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p183511250113616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1385743173">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1726250947">0</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ne7dee8ee88ce4d6299b8651b0fa820d1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p429891617354">This parameter is valid only for internal statements of stored procedures and transaction blocks. That is, this parameter takes effect only for the statements whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b967924916202">enqueue</strong> value (for details, see <a href="dws_04_0749.html">PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT</a>) is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b102210162116">Transaction</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b17188114112119">StoredProc</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__section3917839115"><h4 class="sectiontitle">wlm_sql_allow_list</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p11917153151119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b116921625176">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whitelisted SQL statements for resource management. Whitelisted SQL statements are not monitored by resource management.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p391715312119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b541917222208">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p159171731117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706112225">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__p1391863111111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b19149202516179">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__note49182314117"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__ul1426521191610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li1726142118164">One or more whitelisted SQL statements can be specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1649182991718">wlm_sql_allow_list</strong>. If multiple SQL statements are to be whitelisted, use semicolons (;) to separate them.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li122752116166">The system determines whether SQL statements are monitored based on the prefix match. The SQL statements are case insensitive. For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b189983319173">wlm_sql_allow_list</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1110593321715">'SELECT'</strong>, all <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1310673321712">SELECT</strong> statements are not monitored by the resource management module.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li16872734174116">The system identifies spaces at the beginning of the parameter value. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b819075117405">'SELECT'</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b17437109174119">'  SELECT'</strong> have different representations. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b468553984120">'  SELECT'</strong> filters only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b28145479419">SELECT</strong> statements with spaces at the beginning.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li172712113168">The system has some whitelisted SQL statements by default, which cannot be modified. You can query the default whitelisted SQL statements and the SQL statements that have been successfully added to the whitelist by GUC through the system view <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1793820378172">gs_wlm_sql_allow</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__li466922215340">New SQL statements cannot be appended to the whitelisted SQL statements specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694507__b1036494361712">wlm_sql_allow_list</strong> but can be set only through overwriting. To add an SQL statement, query the original GUC value, add the new statement to the end of the original value, separate the statements with a semicolon (;), and set the GUC value again.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Automatic Cleanup</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_p595074117714">The automatic cleanup process (autovacuum) in the system automatically runs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b147932253834649">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b140381129034649">ANALYZE</strong> commands to recycle the record space marked by the deleted status and update statistics in the table.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s8d6c38309e594a16a07f79ae412b63c6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ae4f6f9442dd546139c63415f9d833b32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b45233644">Parameter description</strong>: Enables the automatic cleanup process (autovacuum) in the database. Ensure that the <a href="dws_04_0920.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974554__s4682d08468f84845bfdc6ae9477126e8">track_counts</a> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_en-us_topic_0058967612_b842352706111449">on</strong> before enabling the automatic cleanup process.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p440031729"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b179783022418">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__n6b3069381a084e049751b6e6e0a83566"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__u7c9f4b2825a44913b2d330ac15047026"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l994d14970c204569a134a87348899de3">Set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b13206556124311">autovacuum</strong> parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706183654">on</strong> if you want to enable the function to automatically clean up two-phase transactions after the system recovers from faults.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l2ed94009fc62494583ad06aa6419edf6">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706183728">autovacuum</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706183733">on</strong> and the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac">autovacuum_max_workers</a> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b84235270618389">0</strong>, the system will not automatically clean up two-phase transactions. The system will clean up them after recovering from faults.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__lb0f9644ce8c14966b7c4a2ccb5329943">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706184052">autovacuum</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706184059">on</strong> and the value of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac">autovacuum_max_workers</a> is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706184123">0</strong>, the system will automatically clean up the two-phase transactions and processes after recovering from faults.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ne7dee8ee88ce4d6299b8651b0fa820d1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ad4dcecad45244b479ca36477091d3a4a">Even if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1953781217447">autovacuum</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706184153">off</strong>, the automatic cleanup process will be enabled automatically by the database when a transaction ID wrap is about to occur. When the create database or drop database operation fails, some nodes may be submitted or rolled back while others in the prepared status may not be submitted. In this case, the system cannot automatically restore these nodes and the manual restoration is required. The restoration steps are as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__of6753c2ec2144f15a4101587b4a16259"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l30d6586b2b5e42698444024723fb6ca2">Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706204616">gs_clean</strong> tool (setting the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b32691385734649">option</strong> parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706184340">-N</strong>) to query the xid of the abnormal two-phase transactions and nodes in the prepared state.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l266d511aae084192a6a331973e103e6c">Log in to the nodes whose transactions are in the prepared status. Administrators connect to an available database such as <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__text147259218363">gaussdb</span> to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1055182534514">set xc_maintenance_mode = on</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l674cdbd0c49a4346a5051dca9fa87d5a">Submit or roll back the two-phase transactions (for example, submit or roll back a statement) based on global transaction status.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a871c10cb81fd4bee993a9cf00c5a91db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b31827961">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__u9679d3fef2e1466aba7688aaff1fe697"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__lf92a3833049d4520827451527707b616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706143336">on</strong> indicates the database automatic cleanup process is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__la3dcfb6c9bbb4eeb9e696b70f27541b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0085032001_b842352706143336">off</strong> indicates the database automatic cleanup process is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__afabfb506ed1243d18f3e87ff552e5d65"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b25585163445">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b95631516174416">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__section658130152017"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p844791210525"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b057401215164">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the autoanalyze or autovacuum function is enabled. This parameter is valid only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b341225612161">autovacuum</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b207751457191614">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p11716202593316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b8366740112518">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1488218235493"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b688412236498">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ul1688422312497"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__li96231727051"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1210712111174">analyze</strong> indicates that only autoanalyze is performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__li155761262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1438311223170">vacuum</strong> indicates that only autovacuum is performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__li39952131464"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b946503111179">mix</strong> indicates that both autoanalyze and autovacuum are performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__li1188442316495"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b14199939151712">none</strong> indicates that neither of them is performed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1887102354914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b6524743191316">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1481246131313">mix</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__section11642162416185"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autoanalyze_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1168744216181"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b15200164714174">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the timeout period of autoanalyze. If the duration of autoanalyze on a table exceeds the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1888193218183">autoanalyze_timeout</strong>, the autoanalyze is automatically canceled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p4287171810334"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1445784014255">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1543044916184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b3670177132412">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 2147483. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p12459633151811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b84235270615047">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778102_abcae9a6ad510442abf53c96ea5d201c5">5min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__section127431618386"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_io_limits</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p19802195019459"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b10864185520181">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the upper limit of I/Os triggered by the autovacuum process per second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p583341010330"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b170594016255">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1980535010454"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b20082249">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to 1073741823. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b11277185015373">–1</strong> indicates that the default Cgroup is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1380515503452"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1556195535817">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b18557115513589">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s33430abba1e849a4b7281648797251ce"><h4 class="sectiontitle">log_autovacuum_min_duration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__af86b70c8864a44659e0603178e01b5b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b9918227">Parameter description</strong>: Records each step performed by the automatic cleanup process to the server log when the execution time of the automatic cleanup process is greater than or equal to a certain value. This parameter helps track the automatic cleanup behaviors.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p6442135693110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b29351940122517">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__add8dab236fae421a83e666de0d175bb6">For example, set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b8585134172512">log_autovacuum_min_duration</strong> parameter to 250 ms to record the information related to the automatic cleanup commands running the parameters whose values are greater than or equal to 250 ms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a07a6fb350c024c5fbef74de5adf6cc60"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778102_a47abd39c97f042919e698a6a149bf0c1">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to INT_MAX. The unit is ms.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ude400eafc8654b12893a2f50583f4502"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__lb866c09a56e04321abf024b237daa16f">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706143854">0</strong>, all the automatic cleanup operations are recorded in the log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l8f1974416276470f83d403d64a174ee0">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b84235270614415">–1</strong>, all the automatic cleanup operations are not recorded in the log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__l46f74849f207472fa5a3c02804eb8f11">If this parameter is not set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706144147">–1</strong>, an automatic cleanup operation is skipped and a message is recorded due to lock conflicts.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ac40a921ecae342d1a154f631d970bf2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706184820">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706184824">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac"></a><a name="s502d4304994d4da5bd3cda661aab27ac"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_max_workers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a02743f17d05e49e89826be06b50d977a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b39331917">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of automatic cleanup threads running at the same time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1923610101295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b117455419258">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__aed697a6422bb4d2b9772a1b00f6e618d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059777487_en-us_topic_0058967566_b6696864">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 262143. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1727104773811">0</strong> indicates that autovacuum is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a0055a0ef82e54f16ab80cf51d5d82146"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706185015">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706185018">3</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s41db964155f3432d8ebe76db75ea50cb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_naptime</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__abb4867d9d7764a5ba4ed9a2e0d1e6dc8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b64864880">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval between two automatic cleanup operations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p614254619319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1565212375267">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__af4e85e3cf1144a2faaff468b11186d27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b16644135514240">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 2147483. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__afe225e07d4f5493db2d230c4a1cf0562"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706185119">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_b15310055141954">10min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s2fba949c06b249f488e37ec0b3a1e8d7"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b842352706185129">autovacuum_vacuum_threshold</strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a0fdbaa013cb048c1b66f771999a6845d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b27595912_2">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the threshold for triggering the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b142400396734649">VACUUM</strong> operation. When the number of deleted or updated records in a table exceeds the specified threshold, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b155649792034649">VACUUM</strong> operation is executed on this table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p3700403312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b131721538152615">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a4b35622c9c554230be3c7ec90fbf6451"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b113836715259">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b97231818183413">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b3263122173415">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a074ca27bd9e14c92afc20b727d2a43d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0058967612_b1551330">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b84235270616249">50</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s221c28f820064e7890b242b5ad95c1bd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_analyze_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a6a11767b3e854947bd41d6b08a1077dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b27595912_4">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the threshold for triggering the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b46878498534649">ANALYZE</strong> operation. When the number of deleted, inserted, or updated records in a table exceeds the specified threshold, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b99369388834649">ANALYZE</strong> operation is executed on this table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p370623203119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b16423123812263">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a77cf4fbf33ef488b831c180e2351fec5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b707157592">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b195771730123420">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b9254173373415">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a0b513579dd254e11be781fb3d7b87540"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1203493395">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1667203459">50</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__sd4638f5991b8491d90d552345ee6c5ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a5cd30f2e9f764a848306cbbba4f09b45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b21399388_1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size scaling factor of a table added to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b188598810734649">autovacuum_vacuum_threshold</strong> parameter when a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b142441122634649">VACUUM</strong> event is triggered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p810818259313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b126331138182613">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a52a6cfcfadf348749a639ff428689f9f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b23973035">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 100.0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__adb5e021dd35948b291c230121f148318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b60786481_1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b84235270610657">0.2</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s52c6ca5c984e4ac78ec99d2cc2bbda68"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a42d3b7a643944b4791e1715b16c1d0e0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b21399388_4">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size scaling factor of a table added to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b11831116634649">autovacuum_analyze_threshold</strong> parameter when an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b160157370634649">ANALYZE</strong> event is triggered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p201751017103117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b14808738102618">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a98b82bee8c454e0aa86dbd235bad6f2c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b28275581">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 100.0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a4b41014dcf414bc8b95ca428de9ce186"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b60786481_3">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b8423527061077">0.1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s60e0fbc2967c44b3bb6c53c29e9c772e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_freeze_max_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a378c10d2879740ebbc4d0af3d2b16a06"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b47690497">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum age (in transactions) that a table's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b2581408191">pg_class.relfrozenxid</strong> column can attain before a VACUUM operation is forced to prevent transaction ID wraparound within the table. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p4799185915408">The old files under the subdirectory of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b02179223265">pg_clog/</strong> can also be deleted by the VACUUM operation. Even if the automatic cleanup process is forbidden, the system will invoke the automatic cleanup process to prevent the cyclic repetition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p173051033183017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1198163872615">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a8f62dcc043de4c81ba2ee70b16555c70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b192225161317">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 100000 to 576460752303423487</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a99092a1b31824e1ca4fd671644763d90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1887492023910">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b1687582083913">20000000000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__sd3082605f4ef4a4383807a078c38bc1e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__aa9e29e9224b243758df82ae2606aab5e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b39055335">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the value of the cost delay used in the autovacuum operation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p62421778312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b71411939152618">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__ac28c2d20ef894e2e9c8517e5a942abce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__en-us_topic_0059778244_en-us_topic_0058967612_b21083041">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to 100. The unit is ms. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b185331434133917">-1</strong> indicates that the normal vacuum cost delay is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__af37beecf08954cfcaa966bedcf008dbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b189481635144016">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b895053544011">20ms</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__s0813cb847c624c68af2c910e1cb1b7f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__abd05f61046554cbba319c60e10b0eaef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b39055335_4">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the value of the cost limit used in the autovacuum operation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__p1134113462309"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b2310143920261">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__aa85295cf591b496fba57f09ab1475ac1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b453771993">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to 10000. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b6332122119415">-1</strong> indicates that the normal vacuum cost limit is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__a6cf0563044774291ad5ac769f3853455"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b53628433514291">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814611__b164450946414291">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0924.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0924.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9964242a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0924.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815032"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815032"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Default Settings of Client Connection</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0925.html">Statement Behavior</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0926.html">Zone and Formatting</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0927.html">Other Default Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0925.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0925.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fad9c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0925.html
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Statement Behavior</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_p13341214819">This section describes related default parameters involved in the execution of SQL statements.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sc0cb61109de045049d5802f668be2392"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sc0cb61109de045049d5802f668be2392"></a><a name="sc0cb61109de045049d5802f668be2392"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">search_path</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a5d608020961c414b8141d5be1d21cfa4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b18846194">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the order in which schemas are searched when an object is referenced with no schema specified. The value of this parameter consists of one or more schema names. Different schema names are separated by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ac39170eab2164cb2a3a7b0b647b25a93"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b194831361133">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u5a44e0ba7fbf4140b39373c0d9977703"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li387717311810">If the schema of a temporary table exists in the current session, the scheme can be listed in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b95933381417">search_path</strong> by using the alias <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b7593113811417">pg_temp</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b125931238144114">'pg_temp,public'</strong>. The schema of a temporary table has the highest search priority and is always searched before all the schemas specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1677510294569">pg_catalog</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b777512935616">search_path</strong>. Therefore, do not explicitly specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706171134">pg_temp</strong> to be searched after other schemas in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706171141">search_path</strong>. This setting will not take effect and an error message will be displayed. If the alias <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706183225">pg_temp</strong> is used, the temporary schema will be only searched for database objects, including tables, views, and data types. Functions or operator names will not be searched for.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l1aa5991b650b413fb2cb932323b19b8f">The schema of a system catalog, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706175824">pg_catalog</strong>, has the second highest search priority and is the first to be searched among all the schemas, excluding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706175829">pg_temp</strong>, specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706175833">search_path</strong>. Therefore, do not explicitly specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b67431624">pg_catalog</strong> to be searched after other schemas in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b10763726">search_path</strong>. This setting will not take effect and an error message will be displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__la69ffd2497974687a2df6445537372eb">When an object is created without specifying a particular schema, the object will be placed in the first valid schema listed in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b34116455018">search_path</strong>. An error will be reported if the search path is empty.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l34dacabdf243448995a38701a20d016d">The current effective value of the search path can be examined through the SQL function current_schema. This is different from examining the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b84235270613237">search_path</strong>, because the current_schema function displays the first valid schema name in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b84235270613249">search_path</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__adf092580cac04d3a85e382368bf46a4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b23397570_2">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__n8ea4402852644604a8e8ffec7b42cfd5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ul426175843811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li19895153315391">When this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b7273194913295">"$user", public</strong>, a database can be shared (where no users have private schemas, and all share use of public), and private per-user schemas and combinations of them are supported. Other effects can be obtained by modifying the default search path setting, either globally or per-user.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li154361649104018">When this parameter is set to a null string (''), the system automatically converts it into a pair of double quotation marks ("").</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li11436549184017">If the content contains double quotation marks, the system considers them as insecure characters and converts each double quotation mark into a pair of double quotation marks.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p1583135414306"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b191531026144317">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b318753574312">"$user",public</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__note936532212316"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p636542283116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b13918851126">$user</strong> indicates the name of the schema with the same name as the current session user. If the schema does not exist, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b76691039123">$user</strong> will be ignored.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sb21a5c07aa404790aa662f4d0e38d44f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">current_schema</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__af42c3e31748348b09f1b5fc77dcf1768"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b787602078162323">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the current schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ad49bf6e5ec4841fa909f229513759c62"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1491944581311">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a309b73009a134922870143ed41903146"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b23397570_4">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p9498201082913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b769218562433">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b191636110445">"$user",public</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__note787714672912"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p178762463294"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b187421142445">$user</strong> indicates the name of the schema with the same name as the current session user. If the schema does not exist, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b67439416445">$user</strong> will be ignored.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s2bc15c6041414a058ad5e1738739a120"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s2bc15c6041414a058ad5e1738739a120"></a><a name="s2bc15c6041414a058ad5e1738739a120"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_tablespace</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a3f111825a7bb454daa3bc1481f2b0554"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b15652134">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default tablespace of the created objects (tables and indexes) when a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b84235270611349">CREATE</strong> command does not explicitly specify a tablespace.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__uae40740ddc344f8ca4af0273c6f5d0de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li3486123916464">The value of this parameter is either the name of a tablespace, or an empty string that specifies the use of the default tablespace of the current database. If a non-default tablespace is specified, users must have CREATE privilege for it. Otherwise, creation attempts will fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__lae527d61abe541f48e0e10c2b7e886b5">This parameter is not used for temporary tables. For them, the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf6153b3838a045159743f7f32e69ffa3">temp_tablespaces</a> is consulted instead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li1697373142116">This parameter is not used when users create databases. By default, a new database inherits its tablespace setting from the template database.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p23804417345"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b20296452171317">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a30ac04d60d444f258f8eba77da2a686c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1717481217442">Value range</strong>: a string. An empty string indicates that the default tablespace is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a124df414405c4e628e0aa5e7e8a103ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b61397973">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__section1785192713303"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_storage_nodegroup</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p887202714307"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b3871127103019">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the Node Group where a table is created by default. This parameter takes effect only for ordinary tables.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ul8881127163020"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li68902713017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706113950">installation</strong> indicates that tables will be created in the Node Group created during database installation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li89022753018">A value other than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b51443651103819">installation</strong> indicates that tables will be created in the Node Group specified by this parameter.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p1012432613412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b872241715272">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p993192783010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1031849591">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p129522715307"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706172155">installation</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__section774811124918"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_colversion</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p133308341911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b518618584435">Parameter description</strong>: Sets the storage format version of the column-store table that is created by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p419390101017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b17677103184414">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p42569318105"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1888773394414">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ul1389225015106"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li1789265081015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b295183614412">1.0</strong>: Each column in a column-store table is stored in a separate file. The file name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b12951143654419">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b4951336154417">relfilenode.C2.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b18951113634412">relfilenode.C3.0</strong>, or similar.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li492121591115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b7151115744410">2.0</strong>: All columns of a column-store table are combined and stored in a file. The file is named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b18151957154410">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p77073541697"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b3158552610564">Default value:</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706173228">2.0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf6153b3838a045159743f7f32e69ffa3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf6153b3838a045159743f7f32e69ffa3"></a><a name="sf6153b3838a045159743f7f32e69ffa3"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">temp_tablespaces</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a4cc22ac8ca31400a9e2b2bfbf1998491"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b11570559">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies tablespaces to which temporary objects will be created (temporary tables and their indexes) when a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706114223">CREATE</strong> command does not explicitly specify a tablespace. Temporary files for sorting large data are created in these tablespaces.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a24a9c6430217489b89d2aa4eae55303e">The value of this parameter is a list of names of tablespaces. When there is more than one name in the list, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__text2103397368">GaussDB(DWS)</span> chooses a random tablespace from the list upon the creation of a temporary object each time. Except that within a transaction, successively created temporary objects are placed in successive tablespaces in the list. If the element selected from the list is an empty string, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__text493827490">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will automatically use the default tablespace of the current database instead.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ab3221092989549f7a13049f81bcec944"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b273219505447">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__abe84e30afa444d62aada12e71896a70f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b7848851114418">Value range</strong>: a string An empty string indicates that all temporary objects are created only in the default tablespace of the current database. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s2bc15c6041414a058ad5e1738739a120">default_tablespace</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p764313512101"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b86432357106">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s3158c34da4b243b6861ef663bd35f750"><h4 class="sectiontitle">check_function_bodies</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__aafe0bcc96d4649ab86e4e4d68efe86bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b84235270619452">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable validation of the function body string during the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706114439">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>. Verification is occasionally disabled to avoid problems, such as forward references when you restore function definitions from a dump.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a81502ac57d314dd0a936c2bd81a279dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1080505361316">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a4363adac4d954c79a0dcceff18d50d76"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b45718858_2">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u6b19712b3b0d4576ab91699e6e45d128"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l3a828d2c963947c0ad43d3bbf5809199"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706202013">on</strong> indicates that validation of the function body string is enabled during the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706114631">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l64c44541a17e471f86a5bfc7523f7a47"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706202016">off</strong> indicates that validation of the function body string is disabled during the execution of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706114710">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a1aaa7e076fa049ba9c84e763b99fc114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b13364462">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131429">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf217b9b59d7a45b3966142e544129182"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_transaction_isolation</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a39b95213492c475ea122ad7935391138"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b35889067">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default isolation level of each transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p54641741132111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b17213754201315">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a47f5166428d446afbad75937f0335203"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059777487_a54344496219b4074ad956d5febb62b4c">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u8cf9c299d00e4872972212187e82db0c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li18934145519418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b842352706154357">READ COMMITTED</strong>: Only committed data is read. This is the default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li15934155516411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1018874910379">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__text1036721649">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b785805216376">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b10834155693720">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b12291722113916">READ COMMITTED</strong> is executed instead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li10935555244"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b5453172914197">REPEATABLE READ</strong>: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__li593511551545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b15369211388">SERIALIZABLE</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__text1046926804">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b14367144493811">SERIALIZABLE</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b11278104917388">SERIALIZABLE</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b3405135423816">REPEATABLE READ</strong> is executed instead.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__af70897100c1842958a0c379f4297ff0e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b668613178458">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b86871172453">READ COMMITTED</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s4446682a09794103b0e6ccc84eef4829"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_transaction_read_only</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__aaa023cb03bdd45ed9a55c97107cdbeed"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b10134485">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether each new transaction is in read-only state.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a719083bf6f3d45b39a1378d6a4044e91"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b2993115411313">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ac5672230083f4c7cab04d271aca98ced"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b45718858_4">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u635db24b7cd2454aaa21906b6d2a0655"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__lc2aaed3637f9427088b1a3aec79d5e10"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b1613261131202829">on</strong> indicates the transaction is in read-only state.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l27ba187280614658ab5af874b5a1203b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b2043514265155452">off</strong> indicates the transaction is in read/write state.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__aaf6c7d16e6d040b28c22faf68eb1b838"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b48894767_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131445">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s05ef9312d74143928830d7d459cdc63a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s05ef9312d74143928830d7d459cdc63a"></a><a name="s05ef9312d74143928830d7d459cdc63a"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_transaction_deferrable</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__af96cc68cd8f54dbfb4bc8e597aef9a22"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b1096467">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default delaying state of each new transaction. It currently has no effect on read-only transactions or those running at isolation levels lower than serializable.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a239fff9a32b34a609af091b6601a9e92"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__text96199921">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support the serializable isolation level of each transaction. The parameter is insignificant.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p15809191814227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b12197165981318">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a6edee73a8e5b4b5aad2e69cd633c1afd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b45718858_6">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u195d5954167844f09642682f08958694"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l51067fa9ce394d628dea7c5ca7ecba68"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b84235270616446_1">on</strong> indicates a transaction is delayed by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l3a59983931b34debb183a563ceb13895"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1264690294155545">off</strong> indicates a transaction is not delayed by default.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__aac040ba905d84cceaa25a4d0ae8f42e8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1068573035">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b2134849571">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s4f6f3d215ea949e8a820a43ea286b64e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">session_replication_role</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a2a87507d201d468c93263158cb1e7f9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b13484904">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the behavior of replication-related triggers and rules for the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p41972024162215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b107490593132">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__n06bf19bea1a24f509aab9f4f18f4e74b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ad9dc8328276e4e1da8a3c4c4a6d2e5c7">Setting this parameter will discard all the cached execution plans.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__adff366f055204b5083ccff50de774338"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b37931265272">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u543e3b32eb1045269a8bae80bd4c8487"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ldca1984fd00d4badbec2d0ea623ff0cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b125534021734217">origin</strong> indicates that the system copies operations such as insert, delete, and update from the current session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__lff66bc0bc1054201b624d6c8312fe056"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b172156279734217">replica</strong> indicates that the system copies operations such as insert, delete, and update from other places to the current session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__lf5c0ef1164de47b5b6adb0740f9862eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b207289212134217">local</strong> indicates that the system will detect the role that has logged in to the database when using the function to copy operations and will perform related operations.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a67560890abb54c4696ae26940da099ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b4605672135217">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706142431">origin</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sac44592a68f14f1ea1263edb171f7a5e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">statement_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a6d41eb43baa94af29db08d67afea6bc7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b84235270617125">Parameter description</strong>: If the statement execution time (starting when the server receives the command) is longer than the duration specified by the parameter, error information is displayed when you attempt to execute the statement and the statement then exits.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p8883331162213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b8261190161416">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a6628bfb0c8ed4222a1e68ffb0b4e8693"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059778102_a47abd39c97f042919e698a6a149bf0c1">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 2147483647. The unit is ms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a83406dcc7f704b6c8ab609e8cbed44d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b39494173173638_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131553">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s60c327b1bf584520b7c50f6825260841"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_freeze_min_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a39afba159d6248f0b31381f42faf5676"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1549347507172246">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum cutoff age (in the same transaction), based on which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b67147212318729">VACUUM</strong> decides whether to replace transaction IDs with FrozenXID while scanning a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p1838293882214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b143714051415">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a7d3d50d7722142cbae888a9e0e3296e0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0085031947_b1266317910515">Value range</strong>: an integer from 0 to 576460752303423487.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__na0212ff4124c44a2bee04ee8c6646f59"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ab8a5417101244e35b50a8090f5184e31">Although you can set this parameter to a value ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b53731211482">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b237319119818">1000000000</strong> anytime, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b193741711888">VACUUM</strong> will limit the effective value to half the value of autovacuum_freeze_max_age by default.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ad94f06a58ee64a71a2f740c8de8d8cdd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1831333134514">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b783193354510">5000000000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sa1686e53db434395af3e6f459e0fc2c3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">vacuum_freeze_table_age</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ab23559a3081542549d34744576f6a2cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b9350525">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time that VACUUM freezes tuples while scanning the whole table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b8423527061718">VACUUM</strong> performs a whole-table scan if the value of the <a href="dws_04_0578.html">pg_class</a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b8423527061713">.relfrozenxid</strong> column of the table has reached the specified time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p9252344132220"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b12599190121419">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__af99a616f4d0147b8bc6e48c1fe512473"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b10541637164513">Value range</strong>: an integer from 0 to 576460752303423487.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ne3b06ca8c99843f986886bb50b65b850"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ad4c6be4e918e4b3e8bfd83c46c2bb674">Although users can set this parameter to a value ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b206872364817">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b469363615815">2000000000</strong> anytime, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b4694133611810">VACUUM</strong> will limit the effective value to 95% of autovacuum_freeze_max_age by default. Therefore, a periodic manual VACUUM has a chance to run before an anti-wraparound autovacuum is launched for the table.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__aae9d67a7c9db48ccaaa231e872eab251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b153111242204517">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b2312442154511">15000000000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s9aacf51840d94834bc02170df0ca2567"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bytea_output</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a7a8e1246022a4219ba6dd028a0819832"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b20724497716117">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the output format for values of the bytea type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p118087413235"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b77581015148">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ab5e8e758e0e04a3bb3876a850cf2b0b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1776733419275">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u9f275b45fd254aca8b647a54dada1855"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l7f7fb43e34bc42108522f813ad195e25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b44120600316133">hex</strong> indicates the binary data is converted to the two-byte hexadecimal digit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l1cc082563b054140b2e8fe41b12a7036"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b25352759716131">escape</strong> indicates the traditional PostgreSQL format is used. It takes the approach of representing a binary string as a sequence of ASCII characters, while converting those bytes that cannot be represented as an ASCII character into special escape sequences.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a3b24d1f3ada7491da94dd64072561cac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b39494173173638_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131745">hex</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s0cb95cc81bac415aa5dbdee799009781"><h4 class="sectiontitle">xmlbinary</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a707e5779ab304c82b5e4a0974ef86b88"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b268070428161452">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies how binary values are to be encoded in XML.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p24002107236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b291012001414">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a247c2eb9c91b4eb58f933996852aceea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b43921936112710">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u0396a52f99bb41fdaa0caedd41007f83"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l0561aeb30c4b4cfa8ecf293a5b72e460">base64</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l2a791a2ad7f240d3b9424d95916098dc">hex</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a3aaebcb9cb6b425ea4fcbe1fef96cefb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b19135459601632">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b20773832181632">base64</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf6e61c8608cc4df681c09dbf51328be9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">xmloption</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a099d09f8471f40e2bc4509c8427e8c02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b21284796391637">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether DOCUMENT or CONTENT is implicit when converting between XML and string values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p10143181715234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1469612146">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__abdcf26212f0145fcb273aa2a2a2e3884"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1675637162715">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__u5f6bb676a2b84c1ea2189455d8886dc0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__lf622b393de3f4eeaaee637b7dfa55a02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b16110056916326">document</strong> indicates an HTML document.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__l0b079b3dbb0f4276bc06f37685963fe7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b153712290716324">content</strong> indicates a common string.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a682dfe3a1b4f443e9b0fb5dc7bdcb939"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b39494173173638_8">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131823">content</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__sf6d3932e4d7b41db91d82c46193d796c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_compile_functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ae53006a1dc2341e1bd17ce55a2541ca6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b95754255534217">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of function compilation results stored in the server. Excessive functions and compilation results generated during the storage may occupy large memory space. Setting this parameter to a proper value can reduce the memory usage and improve system performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ac241046ab1224358aeb4b27004d72485"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b106461917147">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a47b08b0b62a244df9a7ba55fe8a8e95c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b98321378712">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a62736df302be461cbaa5ba1220f2c3cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b77447017616429">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b3061407016429">1000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s679bf6c822c74a92876eef9e9e2bfeec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gin_pending_list_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__ae94af689be4e47e381c83899ac45eef2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b516525610393">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum size of the GIN pending list which is used when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b143239116216440">fastupdate</strong> is enabled. If the list grows larger than this maximum size, it is cleaned up by moving the entries in it to the main GIN data structure in batches. This setting can be overridden for individual GIN indexes by modifying index storage parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__p19959424122313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__b1783212181415">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a848e96507acf46839be6527189bb40c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0085033176_en-us_topic_0059778686_a8791c882938f4e6c9ae407641e405449">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 64 to INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__a1606b96a5b8141b1b7ad45b5a36b9507"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b39494173173638_10">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__en-us_topic_0059779117_en-us_topic_0058967725_b842352706131935">4 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0924.html">Default Settings of Client Connection</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Zone and Formatting</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__afd04fdcb832640fdb0554d3afd624fce">This section describes parameters related to the time format setting.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__se661e54f98d0474a9cc9c79c8f2294c5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__se661e54f98d0474a9cc9c79c8f2294c5"></a><a name="se661e54f98d0474a9cc9c79c8f2294c5"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">DateStyle</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ab065dc4009b14b4db70ae2d8702eadd0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b3209503">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format for date and time values, as well as the rules for interpreting ambiguous date input values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a012387fe0fab4166a1c4429437ddb932">This variable contains two independent components: the output format specifications (ISO, Postgres, SQL, or German) and the input/output order of year/month/day (DMY, MDY, or YMD). The two components can be set separately or together. The keywords Euro and European are synonyms for DMY; the keywords US, NonEuro, and NonEuropean are synonyms for MDY.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a4c103e8ba1c24e5b86446b889a7916c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b18564951131415">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__abb069351700d490e843466fa442177dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b58140079">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a4d75e0b65b9f4c83a80be16102097758"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b17320137113915">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b6330171219394">ISO, MDY</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__note10582823172111"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p15582223102115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706144628">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize this parameter so that its value is the same as that of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s753451ed7f6048c3853c7328cc321818">lc_time</a>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p10782334407"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b661264711379">Suggestion</strong>: The ISO format is recommended. Postgres, SQL, and German use abbreviations for time zones, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b14328181671116">EST</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b432941661115">WST</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b732961618119">CST</strong>. These abbreviations can be ambiguous. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b06483191196">CST</strong> can represent Central Standard Time (USA) UT-6:00, Central Standard Time (Australia) UT+9:30, and others. This may lead to incorrect time zone conversion and cause errors.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__sb60359b59155461bb4aac2e2de437e8a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">IntervalStyle</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a72ff434c19d1449593091f80af15bb7b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b19990463">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format for interval values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__aa8cf4ebb83ec4833b902477123e1a4de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b15548145221416">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__abda8f062ef8d42b0bc6dcd3613a8dd25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b53301156">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u71bab82895a5463a8c44c60054447f2c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l280d14a9d9274b5e81ecee622c6e8fca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1326717266469">sql_standard</strong> indicates that output matching SQL standards will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__lcc2eae7e281b4526a7641e7aaa337822"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b515632864611">postgres</strong> indicates that output matching PostgreSQL 8.4 will be generated when the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__se661e54f98d0474a9cc9c79c8f2294c5">DateStyle</a> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b5157828144613">ISO</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l0354a3c9756b4e2bb5e1fbec3e5e4f6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b147718379461">postgres_verbose</strong> indicates that output matching PostgreSQL 8.4 will be generated when the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__se661e54f98d0474a9cc9c79c8f2294c5">DateStyle</a> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1347863714468">non_ISO</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__lbab84f6bab3440fa8a4f6bdcce1629e8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b389774418462">iso_8601</strong> indicates that output matching the time interval "format with designators" defined in ISO 8601 will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__li94841461207"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b14150173116113">oracle</strong> indicates the output result that matches the numtodsinterval function in the Oracle database. For details, see numtodsinterval.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__n788f6c515284487588830dc3a4360113"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ae2640fb618254f8a93742f99c637456c">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706102523">IntervalStyle</strong> parameter also affects the interpretation of ambiguous interval input.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a3277b7470eed4e3194c284285eeeed27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b38308765">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706171938">postgres</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__seb4ea8b8bc704f4eb9f7e7661c826fa9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__seb4ea8b8bc704f4eb9f7e7661c826fa9"></a><a name="seb4ea8b8bc704f4eb9f7e7661c826fa9"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">TimeZone</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ac0cb67ea71f04c74b4c5e86d1f7f9602"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b2202654">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time zone for displaying and interpreting time stamps.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a210b70a885bd46af91f85766c9991675"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b13521928152816">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a0caeb77f361d4984b8259cdd811c2b91"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b48365907">Value range</strong>: a string. You can obtain it by querying the <a href="dws_04_0787.html">pg_timezone_names</a> view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a9b47c537f18e4eb5942aa475028c474f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1156951614404">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b557021624011">PRC</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__note15832363337"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p18583236123314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b107812426415">gs_initdb</strong> will set a time zone value that is consistent with the system environment.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__sdf1637583c4040bea6928af17687bc72"><h4 class="sectiontitle">timezone_abbreviations</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a9dbf19e865904059a8b3d984af557885"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b62904355">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time zone abbreviations that will be accepted by the server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a13b3dbeb96d04a509e89fd3facd73aa1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b149962542145">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a8850771eacf447909a295ddff79b3803"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b24818728">Value range</strong>: a string. You can obtain it by querying the pg_timezone_names view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__aa1c94f81f4e64de292ea10f9962e29e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b8129175854114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1297112034219">Default</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__note9279722193112"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p12644152723119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706162840">Default</strong> indicates an abbreviation that works in most of the world. There are also other abbreviations, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1251171717448">Australia</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b15748122010443">India</strong> that can be defined for a particular installation.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s84c6f184562f47869d2342af74a01feb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">extra_float_digits</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a134fb96e9dbe4d9f88de0dcf7ad52f70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b62865382">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of digits displayed for floating-point values, including float4, float8, and geometric data types. The parameter value is added to the standard number of digits (FLT_DIG or DBL_DIG as appropriate).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a4335ba3b5be342c08e167f40775e180e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b17539955181417">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a7b9a4fdf1a524e348cb8a53d0e62987f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b31237048">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –15 to 3</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__na6a6eaebbbec4c97991560b1ff12cc9e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u85caa0384f774d58a0eb18f773d66a47"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l2433b8c1bc7c4d0cad9435cc04f9e2ca">This parameter can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b20321249122818">3</strong> to include partially-significant digits. It is especially useful for dumping float data that needs to be restored exactly.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l4cd437160e734b398eac218b8c80be73">This parameter can also be set to a negative value to suppress unwanted digits.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ac37bba8e1eba4086b4a1b6d9bd93e000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706103018">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706103011">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__sa9fd1b3336c942fea8720f253dc048ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">client_encoding</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__af4c9198de1d442499c7600c48bbaf519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b20352294">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the client-side encoding type (character set).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p839025791115">Set this parameter as needed. Try to keep the client code and server code consistent to improve efficiency.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p18654331144016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b187381555191416">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__acba2c5660ef5455ca1c39b67d2e9ff13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b10987104331213">Value range</strong>: encoding compatible with PostgreSQL. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706162937">UTF8</strong> indicates that the database encoding is used.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__note919534219126"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u14e569ea579545cfae2d3ce6b2aaf2d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ledbe55ff9474496b93ea2b6b390501b4">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b5645750121613">locale -a</strong> command to check and set the system-supported zone and the corresponding encoding format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l46daab2151dd40f88007f2d4992705f5">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706144933">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize the setting of this parameter based on the current system environment. You can also run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b39845083534547">locale</strong> command to check the current configuration environment.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__li1251537161114">To use consistent encoding for communication within a cluster, you are advised to retain the default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b194401125163212">client_encoding</strong>. Modification to this parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b134401025183213">postgresql.conf</strong> file (by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b164406256321">gs_guc</strong> tool, for example) does not take effect.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p1918310581195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b184781134184818">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b13276429134820">UTF8</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__abe5a1dea1aaf4404a532eb550310fb80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b84235270692256">Recommended value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706162944">SQL_ASCII</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b84235270616305">UTF8</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__sa0d72f05c5fa4ccc8f7232f9f3502172"><h4 class="sectiontitle">lc_messages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__adcf4bfb4d5f942448e362857e581649f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b58094191">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the language in which messages are displayed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p957812205020">Valid values depend on the current system. On some systems, this zone category does not exist. Setting this variable will still work, but there will be no effect. In addition, translated messages for the desired language may not exist. In this case, you can still see the English messages.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p2805195711452"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1982635263015">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a297909ca9d6f4ffc9a686e4752a4825a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b4250009">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__na3b66fe48af94e238343892382031f94"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u0b867472b6ed4411b9f1407670d6813f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l29d9b8c883a943b6b424da41f70c3100">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b197646735234547">locale -a</strong> command to check and set the system-supported zone and the corresponding encoding format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l2fab1e37cf5248908e68c990fc4f3f8c">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706145127">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize the setting of this parameter based on the current system environment. You can also run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b86629442234547">locale</strong> command to check the current configuration environment.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a53277c1904cc4127a2f16ebacb140628"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0058967590_b37906858_7">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b84235270616320">C</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__see5ab53938a244648cede47b83996d32"><h4 class="sectiontitle">lc_monetary</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a59ab6cf604084b7eaf8d89c3be113157"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b36454430">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format of monetary values. It affects the output of functions such as to_char. Valid values depend on the current system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a5430b2df13fe42bd92375d33ac472d02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b67620561149">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__aab79911a89344b379469cd0228a974fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b65004244">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__n92f2144c1e974d5f9636cc943942d4f0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ued676c70f8d54101b8d894c8c0d5e1cb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l4df93eb956874dcdbf847c299145282a">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b83868029134547">locale -a</strong> command to check and set the system-supported zone and the corresponding encoding format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__lf32e595a4fc14beb9fd79a17f410cba5">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b629329512">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize the setting of this parameter based on the current system environment. You can also run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1610525134547">locale</strong> command to check the current configuration environment.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a9d481c95c5374b04842c9ad47d3930b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b152453853">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1914443251">C</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s5f284ec8736c42a99c9bbf8a6b8d9ece"><h4 class="sectiontitle">lc_numeric</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a1e1808967d95439586fb1178c313fbca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b52191008">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format of numbers. It affects the output of functions such as to_char. Valid values depend on the current system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ad95e062a6dab4f15a7b171c738d712fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b2124810588">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a1077d33f40ba4c24885a2bf91d059458"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b6089716">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__n5cac41a8fc624cddaffbb233393738dd"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u99df1fa10a0c42828cb33d6abc7426fb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l0877782e6479448fae26ba06151b2698">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b133334500734547">locale -a</strong> command to check and set the system-supported zone and the corresponding encoding format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ldf4fd60e2cf54293944314c57d35b758">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b2000857912">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize the setting of this parameter based on the current system environment. You can also run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b162056741634547">locale</strong> command to check the current configuration environment.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a6ef60f273ae04da5b7e03335d76ec6c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b125680428">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b925937375">C</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s753451ed7f6048c3853c7328cc321818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s753451ed7f6048c3853c7328cc321818"></a><a name="s753451ed7f6048c3853c7328cc321818"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">lc_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ae294df33f0bb4546942c0c65c6da350e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b37562372">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format of time and zones. It affects the output of functions such as to_char. Valid values depend on the current system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a4ab56c1177c040ef95ccd046135c09fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1774842509">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a5b9d4b6d23bd45078d82d1887bd9e696"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1318447911">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__nd5c515dc9fb54c25a3c6572f29cdaf38"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ua73cb8b95e8e4040a98dad2cd04c279d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l0b55b452d6fd4e20baf2cb561e3ecc00">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b5580584434547">locale -a</strong> command to check and set the system-supported zone and the corresponding encoding format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l458ed27c48034aeab1a044c306f9cb92">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b799447537">gs_initdb</strong> will initialize the setting of this parameter based on the current system environment. You can also run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b170987362334547">locale</strong> command to check the current configuration environment.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a654a039409dc4344942b465675229d5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b466784067">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b1297988043">C</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__s561a6df01d0b41e186fef77a6d4fab0d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_text_search_config</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a1099a3c3c9944bfba6e20c8325e8f46c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0059778109_en-us_topic_0058967590_b41564428">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the text search configuration.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p1468951125816">If the specified text search configuration does not exist, an error will be reported. If the specified text search configuration is deleted, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b3947100112320">default_text_search_config</strong> again. Otherwise, an error will be reported, indicating incorrect configuration.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__u7de438dc2afe4bf0b865debce39bab65"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__l70c8712d33bc48a1bcaa5fc2e5eff5c2">The text search configuration is used by text search functions that do not have an explicit argument specifying the configuration.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__lcfca672875ac40bf818a72b8e07a59d8">When a configuration file matching the environment is determined, gs_initdb will initialize the configuration file with a setting that corresponds to the environment.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__p1687172617461"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b210915771412">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__ad45c3fcfc04e49ceac77f6ab89174212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b622911463462">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__n88c333cfadcf49bb970886796c6c50e0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__aef698a2afaeb43e4b8e244c15914c5d9"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__text366881962">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports the following two configurations: pg_catalog.english and pg_catalog.simple.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__a7f0785dc702e4a0a8006742e44fb69ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__en-us_topic_0058967590_b13932165155840">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814478__b842352706163212">pg_catalog.english</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0924.html">Default Settings of Client Connection</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0927.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0927.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8114ff91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0927.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Other Default Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a1b427ebc9185484abe910e9d8da4f2ba">This section describes the default database loading parameters of the database system.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__sd5cb3db7f3ad433d877c59a160562b15"><h4 class="sectiontitle">dynamic_library_path</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a939b2e9496b44d13b15b7134d0b2360c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__en-us_topic_0059778260_en-us_topic_0058967606_b51706873">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the path for saving the shared database files that are dynamically loaded for data searching. When a dynamically loaded module needs to be opened and the file name specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b209271601734619">CREATE FUNCTION</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b136118361334619">LOAD</strong> command does not have a directory component, the system will search this path for the required file.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__af93103ab22c24470b2325edfdfd3f815">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b140959472">dynamic_library_path</strong> must be a list of absolute paths separated by colons (:) or by semi-colons (;) on the Windows OS. The special variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b0222107154718">$libdir</strong> in the beginning of a path will be replaced with the module installation directory provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__text767377496">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__s81b43b1f6b3944fbaaaf5e2736a348a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">dynamic_library_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/usr/local/lib/postgresql:/opt/testgs/lib:$libdir'</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__aa5a679a0025346749a61d1ea100c7d48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b021517483150">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a9c650be75609487b86ec5afc3f1dc769"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__en-us_topic_0059778260_en-us_topic_0058967606_b17602876">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__ncc918af8f92e4cbbb84e65e9945921f5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a91e2fec6470b42b495a42c900a73e328">If the value of this parameter is set to an empty character string, the automatic path search is turned off.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a10858704199447bcacca845e5bd90f4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__en-us_topic_0058967606_b37632759">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b842352706163251">$libdir</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__s7c1b6f5a472f45efb009139280020525"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gin_fuzzy_search_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__p19989194213617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__en-us_topic_0059778260_a27ac549c85324f83a8e011dc1d25d1c7">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the upper limit of the size of the set returned by GIN indexes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__ac4fe36aa0898429ab58e98820d9621b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b597992181617">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a4f077cf59a3542ef862d4b305ac058db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b3159152951611">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b15663143331617">0</strong> indicates no limit.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__a4ac863054207408dbd6d452304a219b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b20341737171613">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815012__b13342374167">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0924.html">Default Settings of Client Connection</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0928.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0928.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f909863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0928.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Lock Management</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_p174046489815">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__text2136600110">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, a deadlock may occur when concurrently executed transactions compete for resources. This section describes parameters used for managing transaction lock mechanisms.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s34083b462e2947b5a232d8b3a1465d3b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s34083b462e2947b5a232d8b3a1465d3b"></a><a name="s34083b462e2947b5a232d8b3a1465d3b"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">deadlock_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__aebefef4eb7ac4dea9c417faef925cb82"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_ab357de372dc749b0b7cd20433daa9254">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time, in milliseconds, to wait on a lock before checking whether there is a deadlock condition. When the applied lock exceeds the preset value, the system will check whether a deadlock occurs.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__u7f25b40473044df39931a033070e95ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l50ea0632dd974b81a6f3a2023a349f2a">The check for deadlock is relatively expensive. Therefore, the server does not check it when waiting for a lock every time. Deadlocks do not frequently occur when the system is running. Therefore, the system just needs to wait on the lock for a while before checking for a deadlock. Increasing this value reduces the time wasted in needless deadlock checks, but slows down reporting of real deadlock errors. On a heavily loaded server, you may need to raise it. The value you have set needs to exceed the transaction time. By doing this, the possibility that a lock will be released before the waiter decides to check for deadlocks will be reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l3e93f4ff2db24e73bc1d5a11ab70ba44">When <a href="dws_04_0916.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145895021__s80fbcd77ad5a4cdc879fe344d17b2c13">log_lock_waits</a> is set, this parameter also determines the duration you need to wait before a log message about the lock wait is issued. If you are trying to investigate locking delays, you need to set this parameter to a value smaller than normal <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b8192516482">deadlock_timeout</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__aa5a679a0025346749a61d1ea100c7d48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b3910156192719">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a33601623115048eeb94f9c79e5e95d50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_a47abd39c97f042919e698a6a149bf0c1">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 2147483647. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a74ffbe2751354c1a85bae8cf2dc83f62"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b15854097155846">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b842352706151220">1s</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s4c1383de18ec4928a1f9d7a7a4c0498b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s4c1383de18ec4928a1f9d7a7a4c0498b"></a><a name="s4c1383de18ec4928a1f9d7a7a4c0498b"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">lockwait_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a1c2f8bb870334b47b380045558eec458"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_a11bf748b453142e4bfece0f45a793f14">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the longest time to wait before a single lock times out. If the time you wait before acquiring a lock exceeds the specified time, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p19521255143819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b284037132718">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__afc56aa6d7d0442fabea86fdf2c2f444f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_aae7931e7938b4f8f8021ead037bc434a">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__ae3ead4aacf31413bb043d93f1d7365dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_aaaed2f2f565e40d5b0247dc7cc853b69">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b84235270611550">20 min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__section14495103214523"><h4 class="sectiontitle">update_lockwait_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p1492134465210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b5340131581620">Parameter description</strong>: sets the maximum duration that a lock waits for concurrent updates on a row to complete when the concurrent update feature is enabled. If the time you wait before acquiring a lock exceeds the specified time, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p1801133397"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b118861271273">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p79321544105212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1355145918">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX. The unit is millisecond (ms).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p18941114416524"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1280410197168">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b15805151917164">2min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__se22bc5884d9f422c95e08fde6901f723"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_locks_per_transaction</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a79d4cedd45f64bcc8e206523d42d6de5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_a62e514c4e2e94e35be48d78ab06697d8">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the average number of object locks allocated for each transaction.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__u3bf12b61df004233a16667e85137d550"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__laeec2c78c59b43b193585707679d00bf">The size of the shared lock table is calculated under the condition that a maximum of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__i47997984934415">N</em> independent objects need to be locked at any time. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__i179099677434415">N</em> = max_locks_per_transaction x (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions). Objects that do not exceed the preset number can be locked simultaneously at any time. You may need to increase this value when you modify many different tables in a single transaction. This parameter can only be set at database start.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l7e6c024adb9b43cfbfc2c7e762f815fd">If this parameter is set to a large value, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__text1083094595">GaussDB(DWS)</span> may require more System V shared memory than the default setting.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l92e0ea6ae9834ab1b571172eac971ff9">When running a standby server, you must set this parameter to a value that is no less than that on the primary server. Otherwise, queries will not be allowed on the standby server.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p2986161516393"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b8811787272">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__ac26728df4ce144b88b79c513ebb533db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b617381034415">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 10 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a28566415542e4da5be5cec57de637491"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b6143008416645">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b84235270616559">256</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s3dade83e35084cbf97d863cd937bbc35"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_pred_locks_per_transaction</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a3b2176a875de476abd4774039645e568"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_a45a8fe30306c40ebaada00dc2aa6dcb5">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the average number of predicated locks allocated for each transaction.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__u56383c69c9554823965777819862d940"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l403dae84b2de46ff8a1e4db4e1680cc2">The size of the shared and predicated lock table is calculated under the condition that a maximum of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__i140527684834415">N</em> independent objects need to be locked at any time. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__i47315383634415">N</em> = max_pred_locks_per_transaction x (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions). Objects that do not exceed the preset number can be locked simultaneously at any time. You may need to increase this value when you modify many different tables in a single transaction. This parameter can only be set at server start.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l92a4a28b13f046fd88e03ff8b3b318ad">If this parameter is set to a large value, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__text1423314024814">GaussDB(DWS)</span> may require more System V shared memory than the default setting.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p207175426399"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1686311815277">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__adc0f9bf96ac040ed955fc5a8f9677bb1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b24136558934415">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 10 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a350db34780724965969a1fd91a5963c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b5735075">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b842352706143016">64</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s9e60e76c946c4167bbac44b06763643e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">partition_lock_upgrade_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__af8d27aa64e5a472280e5acc14f145759"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__en-us_topic_0059778102_a0a3f754b01714f8eb42ebd28e1e3aced">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the time to wait before the attempt of a lock upgrade from ExclusiveLock to AccessExclusiveLock times out on partitions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__u11dac01d617041d2b739e24101925624"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l21aa88468c2e4b9da8f473ba397f12ff">When you do MERGE PARTITION and CLUSTER PARTITION on a partitioned table, temporary tables are used for data rearrangement and file exchange. To concurrently perform as many operations as possible on the partitions, ExclusiveLock is acquired for the partitions during data rearrangement and AccessExclusiveLock is acquired during file exchange.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l62feb41355374e7e9c141968baadcfa7">Generally, a partition waits until it acquires a lock, or a timeout occurs if the partition waits for a period of time longer than specified by the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__s4c1383de18ec4928a1f9d7a7a4c0498b">lockwait_timeout</a> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l5a4a9f8beaa2430081819533d939c31d">When doing MERGE PARTITION or CLUSTER PARTITION on a partitioned table, you need to acquire AccessExclusiveLock during file exchange. If the lock fails to be acquired, the acquisition is retried in 50 ms. This parameter specifies the time to wait before the lock acquisition attempt times out.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l6af6f4643f8448279da12f0b367b972d">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b8423527069176">-1</strong>, the lock upgrade never times out. The lock upgrade is continuously retried until it succeeds.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a08d782463f144356b25d6f937a41fd8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b353151402716">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a5aa04d74c8c44d3b8962d8c3c3c1fb46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b131227031614">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from -1 to 3000. The unit is second (s).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__ad5567e8f532b48d88e9ff8f89a1f3553"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1082884410">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b842352706143156">1800</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__section6742115954016"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_online_ddl_waitlock</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__p9780150114114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b132751600303">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to block DDL operations to wait for the release of cluster locks, such as pg_advisory_lock and pgxc_lock_for_backup. This parameter is mainly used in online OM operations and you are not advised to modify the settings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a210b70a885bd46af91f85766c9991675"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b756101510276">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__ad12295cb88b5441d913aa439bfa91ad2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b178131440182918">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__u1ef9f755b91d40f3b2a619e778e12842"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l205fa7c7263945028ae94ac67b1048ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b62565421299">on</strong> indicates that DDL operations will be blocked to wait for the release of cluster locks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__l7b1231e735de4c268d60c5f8327eb6f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1636211434296">off</strong> indicates that DDL operations will not be blocked.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__a4c11c028124742078c5ee41abf6d84e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b1658594413293">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814524__b858619449291">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0929.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0929.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974598"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974598"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Version and Platform Compatibility</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974598__en-us_topic_0059779175_p616410531817"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0930.html">Compatibility with Earlier Versions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0931.html">Platform and Client Compatibility</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0930.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0930.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75e4aecc
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@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Compatibility with Earlier Versions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_p16492056189">This section describes the parameter control of the downward compatibility and external compatibility features of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__text1356675028">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Backward compatibility of the database system provides support for the application of databases of earlier versions. This section describes parameters used for controlling backward compatibility of a database.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__se7cd4bba8e964f99b2bc906f9642d08b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">array_nulls</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a9376210b7e844c3881725f7d524e2155"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b67083165">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether the array input parser recognizes unquoted NULL as a null array element.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a08d782463f144356b25d6f937a41fd8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b07910253270">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a1c2ed5c64d2548c0b2db9b3f4ed65b46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b10343138">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u41b2a3e7c3ab4ab997a7fc5245eeaa03"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l90276678816b4fdc92755d50e62d07f1"><strong>on</strong> indicates that null values can be entered in arrays.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__le99471b4e09946bca11e3070a92c85fc"><strong>off</strong> indicates backward compatibility with the old behavior. Arrays containing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1757471543">NULL</strong> values can still be created when this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b149829551335">off</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ab6f025b0908f46cba96a59e07acfa18c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778346_a30e99140fb09438ab2bb77f75bd21bb4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195040">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__se986137836604057aa256aa57b8b2a15"><h4 class="sectiontitle">backslash_quote</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a8885c17e58c546d6bf3594ff4bbbb798"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b47202394">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether a single quotation mark can be represented by \' in a string text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p32565815920"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b133491526152711">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__neca5b125d9d54c6688a13199023c9a4b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a21c7b8bb43684ab785f5a75a1b1cbc9b">When the string text meets the SQL standards, \ has no other meanings. This parameter only affects the handling of non-standard-conforming string texts, including escape string syntax (E'...').</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ad0fefc2ac80e4542873d3eaa9d3ad00d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b41199681">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u083f8fde767d4cc08b473e7559d883c3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l5301eb7d1f684e0fa57c0051841cccb8"><strong>on</strong> indicates that the use of \' is always allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l113e3273cfac42edb8c0df9111e99efa"><strong>off</strong> indicates that the use of \' is rejected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__la420e534c8df4343bf1a99a0864ba930"><strong>safe_encoding</strong> indicates that the use of \' is allowed only when client encoding does not allow ASCII \ within a multibyte character.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a0fb40d89b4da4d51a4d5c1d0b38cdbc6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1892783145551">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b842352706135740">safe_encoding</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__sf96b76948b0447b9b155f1bafb728524"><h4 class="sectiontitle">default_with_oids</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ae9c85812b3f2450fa6e688d49703fbda"><strong>Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether <strong>CREATE TABLE</strong> and <strong>CREATE TABLE AS</strong> include an <strong>OID</strong> field in newly-created tables if neither <strong>WITH OIDS</strong> nor <strong>WITHOUT OIDS</strong> is specified. It also determines whether OIDs will be included in tables created by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270616217">SELECT INTO</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a40a475f41f394b5688db420676633625">It is not recommended that OIDs be used in user tables. Therefore, this parameter is set to <strong>off</strong> by default. When OIDs are required for a particular table, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270616229">WITH OIDS</strong> needs to be specified during the table creation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p64676831019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b15709102613277">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a37f5a843f0544b92bfbad8a60a3a7464"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_a24cd3a355dfe409d98fe47d3b5b09935">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u5532ae5896f941c585ba4466d1821db5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l2606d23dafb046d0ae727e242906172e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b842352706173352">on</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b8423527061782">CREATE TABLE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b8423527061788">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> can include an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270617816">OID</strong> field in newly-created tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l51f2573df39a4bd38e99c9028c145281"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b197281440173519">off</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270617826">CREATE TABLE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270617833">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> cannot include any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270617837">OID</strong> field in newly-created tables.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a4a745e3ea2524e0a9ec6cef844927b3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__sec7a220353a241138f4b93579ed99826"><h4 class="sectiontitle">escape_string_warning</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a94517f4903d1490baf2ac14be013f46c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b30049279">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies a warning on directly using a backslash (\) as an escape in an ordinary character string.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u45326a63b469440aac2ab3e04dab17de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l23578b5aa28b4039bd784a2d2d4904c7">Applications that wish to use a backslash (\) as an escape need to be modified to use escape string syntax (E'...'). This is because the default behavior of ordinary character strings is now to treat the backslash as an ordinary character in each SQL standard.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l571e8e5d62d04b0488adf3625b1e253b">This variable can be enabled to help locate codes that need to be changed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p849922031020"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b4947726112719">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ae58bc1122dab464a8e95eca9d61063a7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b25464918">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__aac4809b03a0b4e43b292d67f5f2708a9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b185204704">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1035551243">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__s6b76d9c90df44be7aaac92e9a8a33316"><h4 class="sectiontitle">lo_compat_privileges</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__af7160d6a03d54ca495d7163d229bf8ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b8825287">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether to enable backward compatibility for the privilege check of large objects.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p0493616127"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1964214279275">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a2dea28d77f92444e9f850bc843134074"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b54002014">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a273225a0b2674321aeb7e315d40c5464"><strong>on</strong> indicates that the privilege check is disabled when users read or modify large objects. This setting is compatible with versions earlier than PostgreSQL 9.0.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ab5dfbd4f056a4b44899a82ff3b509e17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b676248790">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b476242123">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__s9654bf1fd76f477ea2cc1f2c7b490ca0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">quote_all_identifiers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ae3cb992f01754d95b8a23da3bb58f8c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b61943053">Parameter description</strong>: When the database generates SQL, this parameter forcibly quotes all identifiers even if they are not keywords. This will affect the output of EXPLAIN as well as the results of functions, such as pg_get_viewdef. For details, see the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270615359">--quote-all-identifiers</strong> parameter of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270615410">gs_dump</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p185092395107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b7150230142715">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a419b6bcddde24a29a3cd0d339a32cbc4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b47987075">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u1cb416d1467848e8b0f63b6456498002"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__lebe572b3a1614a14bfb29f7d1f79c865"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b842352706172849">on</strong> indicates the forcible quotation function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__lc675f7d307b2417cac9d972743c5deff"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b955432461172922">off</strong> indicates the forcible quotation function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ad312273bd52f49c6875c52f7ad99fe17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1461983302">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b507355291">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__s128b88b800ed4fa084a6526d86e6ec95"><h4 class="sectiontitle">sql_inheritance</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__aa57d801ca4934909b2ef9de06a0cff13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b30908672">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether to inherit semantics.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p91499081115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b146871130112710">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a0d33dcc9b38947139053235a35935a82"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b33446144">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ab71739e701534782b2aeea3269a0d201"><strong>off</strong> indicates that child tables cannot be accessed by various commands. That is, an ONLY keyword is used by default. This setting is compatible with versions earlier than PostgreSQL 7.1.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a050ef5e10863448e87a4a825be18a6b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1419927358">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1163160967">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__se5a29ca94bc34ee8a3e0894d5b94ebf6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">standard_conforming_strings</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a36b415b38a8246529cb2fdf164a965a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b10677501">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether ordinary string texts ('...') treat backslashes as ordinary texts as specified in the SQL standard.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u941327608216456794e918fe80b97212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l2c7284e598074d5f97b9ac6533cfbb79">Applications can check this parameter to determine how string texts will be processed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l32f5df4c036b48d8952114da5fddb0bf">It is recommended that characters be escaped by using the escape string syntax (E'...').</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p086142815116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b486263017277">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a57df995f03ef4bc388adf6086f87c4a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b29758026">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ubeb3fb29b1ce472b90860ae3c6139566"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l7ca7c4e873df446eba90f18e7257e77b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b84235270610156">on</strong> indicates that the function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l250ab304423b4d13b9b343784f511161"><strong>off</strong> indicates that the function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a581b403da2fb479d9e3b190383429174"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b628501942">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1151345454">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__s26e681b01a5642c994fedcbec98e6141"><h4 class="sectiontitle">synchronize_seqscans</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__abd0eb6a9630b45228f3439ed340dc370"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b49825593">Parameter description</strong>: Controls sequential scans of tables to synchronize with each other. Concurrent scans read the same data block about at the same time and share the I/O workload.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p14148193811114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1277331122716">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__aba8e9fc1fb5046448b3b0f5f30aa2821"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__en-us_topic_0059778091_en-us_topic_0058967545_b56206746">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__u11a4efb375c34810ade490d372195c8e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l47aafedca2f14e7eb5ac2fefac253840"><strong>on</strong> indicates that a scan may start in the middle of the table and then "wrap around" the end to cover all rows to synchronize with the activity of scans already in progress. This may result in unpredictable changes in the row ordering returned by queries that have no ORDER BY clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__l7682bfab4b9546008d940f974adcccd6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b842352706173146">off</strong> indicates that the scan always starts from the table heading.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__a906e07eea8ba4993afef4565fb050a64"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b277610655111">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b12777663517">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__section11856720221716"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_beta_features</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p20870245221716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1681451134413">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether certain limited features, such as GDS table join, are available. These features are not explicitly prohibited in earlier versions, but are not recommended due to their limitations in certain scenarios.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p492024913111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b122631931162716">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p27599305221716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b116441933134520">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__ul20951272221716"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__li54343728221716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b18119163424512">on</strong> indicates that the features are enabled and forward compatible, but may incur errors in certain scenarios.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__li50073814221825"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b1174374314512">off</strong> indicates that the features are disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__p39765810221716"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b79781096516">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098814846__b997913985111">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0929.html">Version and Platform Compatibility</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0931.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0931.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77a85093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0931.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Platform and Client Compatibility</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__en-us_topic_0059779195_p530012210918">Many platforms use the database system. External compatibility of the database system provides a lot of convenience for platforms.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__s465b1881b33b48779cd75f1e0157ed04"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transform_null_equals</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__a0fa0671c479f4f5283aef12a32f6caee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__en-us_topic_0059779195_en-us_topic_0058967662_b57839303">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether expressions of the form expr = NULL (or NULL = expr) are treated as expr IS NULL. They return true if expr evaluates to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b1050594414610">NULL</strong>, and false otherwise.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__u7e211590a3d6447c8dc67e1ff8d52645"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__lda1f58bf407243a9be3dec57e686ecd9">The correct SQL-standard-compliant behavior of expr = NULL is to always return null (unknown).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__la8d4f39991e14533abcb88ecc31c5231">Filtered forms in Microsoft Access generate queries that appear to use expr = NULL to test for null values. If you turn this option on, you can use this interface to access the database.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__p492024913111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b9103194032714">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__aa966be2f0f3041cebe5007536c305b50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__en-us_topic_0059779195_en-us_topic_0058967662_b9110456">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__uff36d86872544950b54cc0b4a7befcd1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__lf9f2e54fc4de40ddb3b0231e0c79e478"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b84235270618506">on</strong> indicates expressions of the form expr = NULL (or NULL = expr) are treated as expr IS NULL.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__l60697a10ff1b435fa06d4aba7f4e2fbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b842352706185024">off</strong> indicates expr = NULL always returns NULL.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__a0cdc12756eef44f58f5af3d2dfaaa85c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b0197192335114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b7198112395112">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__note1640115117223"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__p194016512225">New users are always confused about the semantics of expressions involving <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b1927919414521">NULL</strong> values. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b14207825165114">off</strong> is used as the default value.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__s8f140de59591465d93205f2b55cbbf97"><h4 class="sectiontitle">td_compatible_truncation</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__a73c968a2349d4b43b0a31081276b1d40"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__en-us_topic_0059779195_ad1519c7350894050b41766ffadb349e9">Parameter description</strong>: Determines whether to enable features compatible with a Teradata database. You can set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b84235270693039">on</strong> when connecting to a database compatible with the Teradata database, so that when you perform the INSERT operation, overlong strings are truncated based on the allowed maximum length before being inserted into char- and varchar-type columns in the target table. This ensures all data is inserted into the target table without errors reported.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__ne10d54ac562b4e8da4eb8a4c397413b1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__ul148861376132"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__li48861437161312">The string truncation function cannot be used if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b84235270615747">INSERT</strong> statement includes a foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__li9886123701317">If inserting multi-byte character data (such as Chinese characters) to database with the character set byte encoding (SQL_ASCII, LATIN1), and the character data crosses the truncation position, the string is truncated based on its bytes instead of characters. Unexpected result will occur in tail after the truncation. If you want correct truncation result, you are advised to adopt encoding set such as UTF8, which has no character data crossing the truncation position.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__p1970111811131"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b897315536272">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__acf442b11d2384499baa27959e961d122"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__en-us_topic_0059779195_ad30c759dbc054219938f1769e85d4ef6">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__u0c1e022745b04dc4a513bd312bfa9057"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__lf704409cd1b14a08be610ed1088a6556"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b8423527069403">on</strong> indicates overlong strings are truncated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__le3a3106edd564327a122e2147ff7460c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b84235270694016">off</strong> indicates overlong strings are not truncated.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__a0ff0cda68a844c3599bcd14b9b5bd3ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b1850099003">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098815058__b1738852701">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0929.html">Version and Platform Compatibility</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0932.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0932.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a6858c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0932.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Fault Tolerance</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__en-us_topic_0059778347_p16741971293">This section describes parameters used for controlling the methods that the server processes an error occurring in the database system.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__sc080ae6f23a54a1c9e4cf175efe7787b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">exit_on_error</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__a7ad01ca93c624e3db5807a041b89af8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__en-us_topic_0059778347_en-us_topic_0058967750_b60161848">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to terminate the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p1970111811131"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b143237114179">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__aba2110a5cd794574a12bf64208ff72d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__en-us_topic_0059778347_en-us_topic_0058967750_b61660271">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__u8cb361c1af974d2e95961bc12947e04a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__lacaccaee3f654fd88cc5b8ec5f96c362"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b116430464434353">on</strong> indicates that any error will terminate the current session.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__l7df4d1a407684ef5a8594173e09f327a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b47819794934353">off</strong> indicates that only a FATAL error will terminate the current session.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__aa2d05d2fd34e4eb5a69c199248f9449d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__s8467e2c2956442ca9ebe1bc4c69d6bf9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">omit_encoding_error</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__a227b1d80bce047119f555b047076e136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b134931844734353">Parameter description</strong>: If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b185203467134353">on</strong> and the client character set of the database is encoded in UTF-8 format, the occurring character encoding conversion errors will be recorded in logs. Additionally, converted characters that have conversion errors will be ignored and replaced with question marks (?).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p52932562718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b3316933154719">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__ab5937fe7738948cd9d1db27a44ed6691"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__en-us_topic_0059778347_en-us_topic_0058967750_b9233635">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__u606c587290304407ab8329192db99180"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__l393c442d7c0b4ab4aa882edd4f60e247"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b207086933034353">on</strong> indicates that characters that have conversion errors will be ignored and replaced with question marks (?), and error information will be recorded in logs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__lf8f5eb30c05b43c68a1396c413ea1d39"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b52762365334353">off</strong> indicates that characters that have conversion errors cannot be converted and error information will be directly displayed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__aec3bce8889554182bc753808d430d6f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b847225000">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b793701409">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__sc9cd4d1562654b6ebb842765d3e398e4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_query_retry_times</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__a046399f2096540869f7ffed5edadc801"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b454414321112">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of automatic retry times when an SQL statement error occurs. Currently, a statement can start retrying if the following errors occur: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b115507331118">Connection reset by peer</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b135501933117">Lock wait timeout</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b65507310116">Connection timed out</strong>. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1955183101120">0</strong>, the retry function is disabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p2364123518270"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b11651133513477">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__a62f7dd88fc944363835fa76ab35bece3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1592203154216">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 20</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__a5de2356eb81445a9af6a108d4aeb9062"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b11441792421">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b161455914214">6</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__section388952103416"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cn_send_buffer_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p18825283414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b15431916299">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of the data buffer used for data transmission on the CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p8536203113292"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b6320173617479">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p14881152173411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b84235270695433">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 8 to 128. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p988152183416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1413578664144214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b578690575144214">8 KB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__section37665521353"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_cn_temp_file_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p87668522356"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1238984361413">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of temporary files that can be used by the CN during automatic SQL statement retries. The value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b166551175163">0</strong> indicates that no temporary file is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p185401035192815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b7485836114714">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p9766115218357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b7713181101416">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 10485760. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p1376675210357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b278945492313">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1779115452315">5 GB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__section21795287405"><h4 class="sectiontitle">retry_ecode_list</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p117952817400"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1514154743915">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the list of SQL error types that support automatic retry.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p728764511279"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b059753817474">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p9179202844011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1397615017391">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p41791628124012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1777125273918">Default value</strong>: YY001 YY002 YY003 YY004 YY005 YY006 YY007 YY008 YY009 YY010 YY011 YY012 YY013 YY014 YY015 53200 08006 08000 57P01 XX003 XX009 YY016 CG003 CG004 F0011</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__section10785153116127"><h4 class="sectiontitle">data_sync_retry</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p7785193161214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b61345473920">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to keep running the database when updated data fails to be written into disks by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b01485413396">fsync</strong> function. In some OSs, no error is reported even if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b874616557398">fsync</strong> has failed for multiple times. As a result, data is lost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p182311650152811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b87153382472">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p27851631181211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b20923145810398">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__ul12785113119122"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__li57850310121"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b186535074013">on</strong>: The database keeps running and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b1365440184018">fsync</strong> is executed again after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b126558020403">fsync</strong> fails.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__li1778610314120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b8188123404">off</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b51897244015">PANIC</strong> is reported and the database is stopped after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b11891219401">fsync</strong> fails.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__p1778623116125"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b257219311408">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694597__b25731839406">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0933.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0933.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Connection Pool Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a1cadae29bdd84e19ac3b9bae49d0759f">When a connection pool is used to access the database, database connections are established and then stored in the memory as objects during system running. When you need to access the database, no new connection is established. Instead, an existing idle connection is selected from the connection pool. After you finish accessing the database, the database does not disable the connection but puts it back into the connection pool. The connection can be used for the next access request.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__s15eadd0e20bd4216a410c365691bf004"><h4 class="sectiontitle">min_pool_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__aed91a7de77354e05a017b744eacc6d4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_en-us_topic_0058967595_b384857591194">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of connections between a CN's connection pool and another CN/DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p202725159174"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b631872012286">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a80e3618ee551489e8f9fc829ccc94961"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_a8c445e03d3604f8099ed6eefb3478489">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a0804b166a0a24b6c8707916bfb5e9185"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a4c25757a8859417e8d363ca9016b506c">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0058967566_b56157513619462">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__sc9c97fb885594225a376d39f91845fee"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_pool_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a3b121f3339d3491b80ee2aa00f66992e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_a1ca253ddce2441cf8b8d6f82d17c7f9e">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of connections between a CN's connection pool and another CN/DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p1885114228172"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b382382015282">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a986b627362984189a31ab73966eb2898"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_ada726e79b9c74f56ba3626fe5f5b1677">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__af243e3971ca441089644847a6aee996f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b28411408276">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b998114172710">800</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__s54b4d54e64cf428a9252ba49d1cdd764"><h4 class="sectiontitle">persistent_datanode_connections</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a738cbfaa6cb54465baa34876da91e104"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_ad21f6468a3c6461996f0aab15ae85e27">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to release the connection for the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p3484113092116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b35453211280">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a0a6616daa1be461395783884efb042d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_a5ec3a68435cc432eaa6db4762412b487">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__u2cd2d2836d4c49d8a7a64fdf1722fa3c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__l57ee25a767f94ab8b9f7331d9bb93b42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b8423527061141">off</strong> indicates that the connection for the current session will be released.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__l4e85a05db83545b0a04a8c11c1029bf1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b84235270611425">on</strong> indicates that the connection for the current session will not be released.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__naf35617accbd4929904bc019b87774ec"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__af187cf68aade4c78bb7f8b8d8152c7e6">After this function is enabled, a session may hold a connection but does not run a query. As a result, other query requests fail to be connected. To fix this problem, the number of sessions must be less than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b84235270616156">max_active_statements</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ae4423ac5b2604a1587cb37f47148c777"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__sbe57ef8c0ca24966876fc8f6c77198d7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_coordinators</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__aa33eec6c370342028332e4b660422e29"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_a4b2b9aa1b94644d59c1212e534e6d9b1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of CNs in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p66561531191712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b1443122482817">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ac02962c520e3419e81e4d4d076588a44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_ac648da813f834b03bde684e5208b7f05">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 to 40</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a8b5de34fe6b542f89351251b9a8700fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b1670891316133">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b842352706172125">40</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__s7d9070ad26b14c309544638174ef0cfc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_datanodes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a0f396fda2c934c238d59c088ec4e8c20"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_ab0ef7b76f1a6486a821461fb257caa84">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of DNs in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p195500399175"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b134103243289">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__af8ecf5c800ba4f708520a7162ca2718b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_aecc4c23dc6c04e218930b0f8beb58324">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 2 to 65535</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a2ea4128bd71044ffa385e8168e4bf0ae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b818720019">Default value</strong>: 4096</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__se03ee3f924314e70b9a42e77ef722221"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cache_connection</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__aba07f9d3fe5e4d4e913daf534b825849"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_aff31e1628fc84fc88d7d478bcc5a657f">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to reclaim the connections of a connection pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p1486312190189"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b15970132432820">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__aec932c9fb0054788987d117a372b5abe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_aeececbe0666644ef9dae29b4d7cbb3fe">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ue0e25b0236b845f6aec7ca32ac3d059f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__l513e16ab830448ab8a463f1b81fbd22c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b84235270611753">on</strong> indicates that the connections of a connection pool will be reclaimed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__l647543f14ba94cabb816c7be6c37b1de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b1873464689">off</strong> indicates that the connections of a connection pool will not be reclaimed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a6dce22e3e6ac48a2b760790759faf143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778346_a30e99140fb09438ab2bb77f75bd21bb4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778346_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195040">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__section201924413346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_force_reuse_connections    <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b419219483419"></strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p94501445375"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b19777112310596">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether a session forcibly reuses a new connection.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p6945105582016"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b1059172542813">Type</strong>: BACKEND</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p845074415371"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b1494045465813">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ul19450144493715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__li1345014443719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b676725912591">on</strong> indicates that the new connection is forcibly used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__li14960351175814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b202226187016">off</strong> indicates that the current connection is used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p1567854435615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b17265194125912">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b4266164115918">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__note3771092812"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p1358134122813">Session connection parameter. Users are not advised to configure this parameter.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__sab7f9d112d1d489e874a2e2d511278e6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_pooler_parallel    <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_b967840510223"></strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__a27f57ee837a14e47b1bdfd8aae549343"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_b6225159310216">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether a CN's connection pool can be connected in parallel mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__p2964143714209"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b38621626192816">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_p815681710216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__en-us_topic_0059778940_b630248910216">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ua1e5ddc3bec44392b888c693fd1f7266"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__ld4836b5a92334c0e9bb0a9ebc13dfee1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b842352706153954">on</strong> indicates that a CN's connection pool can be connected in parallel mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__lf8c84f8422b34258944d47e17e29271b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b149834833114385">off</strong> indicates that a CN's connection pool cannot be connected in parallel mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__af0de62e1d7c14c2db01cb517029cd3cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b19573715114114">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694625__b842352706172116">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0934.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0934.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0934.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Cluster Transaction Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_p105914161197">This section describes the settings and value ranges of cluster transaction parameters.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__sd9d0a139a3474dff81c16afbd8fca303"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_isolation</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a3aa0cf32ab594e0f8d294570595fa7b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b35889067">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the isolation level of the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p8226203042311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b455234864714">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ab4b08ba65613402ca13fdfd09580d982"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_aa2861b35266d48acac63aff112fc5b1e">Value range</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ul29345551841"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li18934145519418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b7742154463910">READ COMMITTED</strong>: Only committed data is read. This is the default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li15934155516411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b12476306515">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__text114817025111">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b648280135119">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1348250195119">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b648214035114">READ COMMITTED</strong> is executed instead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li10935555244"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1285610492390">REPEATABLE READ</strong>: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li593511551545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1936417315513">SERIALIZABLE</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__text5364234515">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b12365113135120">SERIALIZABLE</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b6365203125111">SERIALIZABLE</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1136523165119">REPEATABLE READ</strong> is executed instead.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__aa41331776092480a9260b8dc77b4ca96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b479916411513">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b380074105112">READ COMMITTED</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s5b210d8773694747a97b5762787d25aa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_read_only</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__abcabb10e66a844b0ad124c3f6741b6fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_en-us_topic_0058967582_b322665192930">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies that the current transaction is a read-only transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p5131749173010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b4130249104714">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ac97a1e9552374e1db93d64b2b6f325df"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_a4df0f3e6fb4a4993bd151746fc29b615">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__u85dc5fab8eeb4314a4f8a73004d05c04"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l5ff982d837af4a508b89b5548f5c2e0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706135927">on</strong> indicates that the current transaction is a read-only transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l34bf0273a8fc4073a891876d32b7ca9e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b262131805135937">off</strong> indicates that the current transaction can be a read/write transaction.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a949cf344300947418214e147ad90a007"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b727904018912">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b4654195919916">off</strong> for CNs and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b16773291018">on</strong> for DNs</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s63b833ea501244038bfa5d6466719514"><h4 class="sectiontitle">xc_maintenance_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a6b74b43a38ba41f8b8f291a25c273767"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b8585964515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the system is in maintenance mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p105394519166"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b2285154712163">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a8dd1424a7ab14e00a7793bcaf4297ba2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1028661575117">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__u5f312998310e41a89a1ad3def442a72a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l0634ecb7a7164c509f693c21f9d209bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b771581645120">on</strong> indicates that maintenance mode is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l27e1b0a780f54873a4a1b5074c9a56f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b9164121845113">off</strong> indicates that the maintenance mode is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a223505c9e8a04530b8a56b3d7003eb59"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__naf35617accbd4929904bc019b87774ec"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__af187cf68aade4c78bb7f8b8d8152c7e6">Enable the maintenance mode with caution to avoid cluster data inconsistencies.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__se7223079970b4a10b569ada583d6f3d9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">allow_concurrent_tuple_update</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__adf29a5cb72784a39a65511ccedbd7234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_aa9f6a14a274e43ae8f83b10d7f3b8d22">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to allow concurrent update.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p79901258113011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b16493849134719">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a34b42a18cf3e483c810a382ecc17d516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b240091920511">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ud5f3744ec40e4941b67635417d7977df"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__lf2cd7aa63c834ee19a8c880a03b2c33c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b547922910514">on</strong> indicates it is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l91a00a3607bd410eb3eacdda6dc89fb7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b5564203818516">off</strong> indicates it is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a008a0521c7b14fac96e6f64d042288ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b337814198113">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b18386219413">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s07f04c9e09dd49f99d806c6d1b222730"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gtm_backup_barrier</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ad50d6ecfaa9d4e3da30b22737ab58f2a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_en-us_topic_0058967582_b767844611582">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to create a restoration point for the GTM starting point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a06805fcf12a446f0be207f4f94b471d0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b8591232102815">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a5a4ebd449cc44813b10995d7a9849f1d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_ad5cccb767b8a44de96027a65c28eae04">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__u0c3671dd188646878bddcef77fe00a1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l654a5e6de0e84d8f851d385dd4be92dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b84235270614160">on</strong> indicates that a restoration point will be created for the GTM starting point.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l5fb3b33f60ac45ffa35ae626f00af4d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b4330817114166">off</strong> indicates that a restoration point will not be created for the GTM starting point.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ab993733625ce4e3a89b398161d4570b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1093440724">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b742229853">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s2b18232f556043c898407e02edfdef1b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gtm_conn_check_interval</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a453fae8573374bb9872b03f5cd024b8c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_ab92dfadc151e46d1922a24ebf6f15641">Parameter description</strong>: Sets the CN to check whether the connection between the local thread and the primary GTM is normal.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p10945314640"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b84367335283">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a858f586ddd5349228d0dfe6e988a3577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_af21f52970486449e9e227ae87d38b721">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to INT_MAX/1000. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a51adf803b81741c0afd5cdbdcca1e02e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b586515861640">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706165728">10s</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s03d3940b5f7549e3a3e7c32ab36bf3d7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_deferrable</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a5d2d66ff9139422cb67b48e3abc96620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_a90a94ff5e6d24dc280359d489253d598">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to delay the execution of a read-only serial transaction without incurring an execution failure. Assume this parameter is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__parmvalue20382124413512"><b>on</b></span>. When the server detects that the tuples read by a read-only transaction are being modified by other transactions, it delays the execution of the read-only transaction until the other transactions finish modifying the tuples. Currently, this parameter is not used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__text1262829036">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Similar to this parameter, the <a href="dws_04_0925.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894759__s05ef9312d74143928830d7d459cdc63a">default_transaction_deferrable</a> parameter is used to specify whether to allow delayed execution of a transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p1569631414312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1751349204715">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a056768eae8e644f28561178ab3729a3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_ac29187570a8f43cf841edf4e3238409c">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__uf3003cf8c9e040c5a26731db10c52c14"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ld010140e463444bf8c9d746c78d25ebf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706142640">on</strong> indicates that the execution of a read-only serial transaction can be delayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l62bc5fd4fbb94bc88b0d019c7490ff4d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b973132058142723">off</strong> indicates that the execution of a read-only serial transaction cannot be delayed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a04472cbfc2304b0f97382008105c5ddd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b57133721">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b363848775">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s9286953201d046bc9731dd5231351a0b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enforce_two_phase_commit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a5da4529f0bad4b78b7318f88e1df2558"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1378314536112">Parameter description</strong>: This parameter is reserved for compatibility with earlier versions. This parameter is invalid in the current version.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s5ca6923d335f477e892a8d03a295b7c1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_show_any_tuples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ab3597abe43794d1591452b12e311fd13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_af31d26307b4542e6a47eb50b9fe44166">Parameter description</strong>: This parameter is available only in a read-only transaction and is used for analysis. When this parameter is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__parmvalue555125744145417"><b>on/true</b></span>, all versions of tuples in the table are displayed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p12968102333113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b69245494471">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a8d190b57a3864bd3b10eb4f06af98c5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_af42e3dda855140f0b4586b97281083ec">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__u7270295d899747898cece372408b058f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l1115ab2d646b41eb8890f0c9cf4c0651"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706143110">on/true</strong> indicates that all versions of tuples in the table are displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__lef793e587d6a4874869a5151e7d52504"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b143191698414555">off/false</strong> indicates that no versions of tuples in the table are displayed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a474e2f70eeb145cfbb1213c959787c4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b2119890472">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1352600018">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__s23bdab2e9a9c4cb99c4f111930d178fd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">gtm_connect_retries</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a7da176b453854452953985d85b2914bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_a04d5d0435ee545acab9fab9aa8252dc0">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of GTM reconnection attempts.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p6968195733216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b115266523474">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a47c636ced29a40408ba54f2b301108fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_ae44b78fcb17441c0a2f2015972dfeac2">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 2147483647.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ae2bd7ec2de7046a0bf8ab93335c02213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b31155792113852">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706165012">30</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__sfe673b480cf6470e9e35638c40d8a4d6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_redistribute</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ac3b08162d8b94f288660e29a923f0f97"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_b4059173510743">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether unmatched nodes are redistributed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p1443581517326"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b136341053114717">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__aad6076370f25464c92405e49f84f8d2f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_b4731132610356">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ucd38e4d73af14a94849992598b02f644"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l33268466996345ecb31f33da7de59fc0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b842352706113617">on</strong> indicates that unmatched nodes are redistributed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__l7c763ea0ae7c4df681df938dff78ea06"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__en-us_topic_0059778361_b710916210434">off</strong> indicates that unmatched nodes are not redistributed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__a776d641d10a34625a33b0d361a124a96"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b323759270">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1888366050">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__section1080710724310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_gtm_free</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p187310167421"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b18318755183012">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the GTM-FREE mode is enabled. In large concurrency scenarios, the snapshots delivered by the GTM increase in number and size. The network between the GTM and the CN becomes the performance bottleneck. The GTM-FREE mode is used to eliminate the bottleneck. In this mode, the CN communicates with DNs instead of the GTM. The CN sends queries to each DN, which locally generates snapshots and xids, ensuring external write consistency but not external read consistency.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p9808197124319">You are not advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1326434263818">on</strong> in OLTP or OLAP scenarios where strong read consistency is required. This parameter is invalid for <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__text692451183">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p6690114213311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1557525615474">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p781187164316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b121158803">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__ul1813187114314"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li981414711437"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b2054811433317">on</strong> indicates that the GTM-FREE mode is enabled and the cluster ensures eventual read consistency.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__li18815187144313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b2903044173511">off</strong> indicates that the GTM-FREE mode is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__p20817177430"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1854493907">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894627__b1615305255">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0936.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0936.html
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0936.html
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Developer Operations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section5236926112310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_light_colupdate</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p72361726112312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2011513209113">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the lightweight column-store update.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9236226202310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b44741056229">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p13236526132313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b540139201819">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul823752613230"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li4237122612319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b998217114227">on</strong> indicates that the lightweight column-store update is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li11237112619234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b24381234112211">off</strong> indicates that the lightweight column-store update is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p123772632314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10699182711187">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b18699152716186">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s9b7f64f4f112450490c8c74b520cc915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s9b7f64f4f112450490c8c74b520cc915"></a><a name="s9b7f64f4f112450490c8c74b520cc915"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_fast_query_shipping</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a68176f11af7249f48e67ee4b0782b562"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706161736">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the distributed framework for a query planner.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p8226203042311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b937211317480">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a757ac543827e4e4f916b701105eaa75b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_1">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u10b2a101bc86425dbe47de0ca89c878d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ld03c6b8c6f2c456c99ce7f03ea3304fb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706171310">on</strong> indicates that execution plans are generated on CNs and DNs separately.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l4754a99b0b5c4d0cbd9f8269fa585358"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b944056124171319">off</strong> indicates that the distributed framework is used. Execution plans are generated on CNs and then sent to DNs for execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a5949a8effdbd4cbe9d7cdd3dbe25245b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_aa151e2b3bcc44a9fbb6d168392bfb2a8">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706143455">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section38449529239"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_trigger_shipping</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1684445212236"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b9556145816383">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the trigger can be pushed to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p822820541374"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b215711159489">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p88451652172317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1734414807">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul11845125212232"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li58451252172319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2769212153911">on</strong> indicates that the trigger can be pushed to DNs for execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li7845105219233"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b46855479396">off</strong> indicates that the trigger cannot be pushed to DNs. It must be executed on the CN.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p208453520235"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1838312346">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b609578962">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s8bc5a77e871d44c58a8794aa67e22bda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_remotejoin</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab6d6c76b6ee6465c82d16f405f1af815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a69d70227e2d945a1b5c9a7f42d244fb6">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether JOIN operation plans can be delivered to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1994615119382"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b9744121519483">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a3ebd295205e542cca3529fa2009c23d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_3">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u868c5d7f3bb0475199da69d0fd617fe3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l08acbf11397a4616a8dce71066a31b58"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270617174_1">on</strong> indicates that JOIN operation plans can be delivered to DNs for execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l8ae82932916b49c287a321626b18ed41"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b1349329973171712_1">off</strong> indicates that JOIN operation plans cannot be delivered to DNs for execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a371dc7f4a8bb414b9dc61a0007f6927a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_ae6880ce5466c4e13bdd758212edfcfa1">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706143542">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sb2240017245f4f19bc88b277086efca5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_remotegroup</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ae15190f7d24145d383647184ea04dc7f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1169914253414">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether the execution plans of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1870017258413">GROUP BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b170152510414">AGGREGATE</strong> can be delivered to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9469112382"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19145101654813">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a1de1f6d82a914d988acd4d735e656b8c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_5">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u3776878a482e48faa55cafbdf0a113de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lfea5ba4096f84759a0c4b0ba6a4f4ac4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b157517084214">on</strong> indicates that the execution plans of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1756015423">GROUP BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b157615018429">AGGREGATE</strong> can be delivered to DNs for execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l84eaea0b3e524552b089104f7b49a700"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b164851014164110">off</strong> indicates that the execution plans of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12485131417412">GROUP BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b94862146410">AGGREGATE</strong> cannot be delivered to DNs for execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aa10eb6b9c8e34382898a85f464fcf103"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a724a1d7e94ce4608b5f61929de038644">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706143724">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s11c7f4a137e7460fbcbd2a4d2fcd9204"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_remotelimit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab3440e31dab44ff4bacfe03bef1cf0c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b179411486172024">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the execution plan specified in the LIMIT clause can be pushed down to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p16604102073811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b042581616484">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__acf840ad284b24d3c9ad65055b7ea857e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_7">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ub0b637f122654199b6703d8217ee9212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l41b180c143e8480480ead58176df9c5a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270617174_5">on</strong> indicates that the execution plan specified in the LIMIT clause can be pushed down to DNs for execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__la84c159608864ba39c88f819ea43ed03"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b1349329973171712_5">off</strong> indicates that the execution plan specified in the LIMIT clause cannot be delivered to DNs for execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aeaba26fb6e464dc4958691b4faf2381d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_abad37691a20b432582ae726a5566ec02">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706143839">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sad98e37675e1431e8f386cfd7b43c0c0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_remotesort</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aa62ac95fa0244da49b9f9f1030845882"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_ac8f894e1d6f94603b957daeb694887ce">Parameter description:</strong> Specifies whether the execution plan of the ORDER BY clause can be delivered to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p67529113811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b666351610480">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a205bc519657b459b8002a71ba2668828"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_9">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u8198ccf46a5b4c03b4d4057f780b5332"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ld89eda7937eb41d181bea4d0d22053a8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270617174">on</strong> indicates that the execution plan of the ORDER BY clause can be delivered to DNs for execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l328eb35b743d4c0e81332da92d9f5c3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1349329973171712">off</strong> indicates that the execution plan of the ORDER BY clause cannot be delivered to DNs for execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad1c67ef19d4a48cc8f9829daa9615839"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a54aa90819f334704a86ce6893b38d77e">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706143920">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section112190396354"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_join_pseudoconst</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p82195398354"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10240648209">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether joining with the pseudo constant is allowed. A pseudo constant indicates that the variables on both sides of a join are identical to the same constant.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p399519366385"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b108551316104810">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15219173913352"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14865122200">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul1421903919354"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li521983914353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b545171910116">on</strong> indicates that joining with the pseudo constant is allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li14219133911355"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b21041326418">off</strong> indicates that joining with the pseudo constant is not allowed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p02193391354"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b208874292112">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16887192914114">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section74494615103"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cost_model_version</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p544184617101"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10419125416712">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the model used for cost estimation in the application scenario. This parameter affects the distinct estimation of the expression, HashJoin cost model, estimation of the number of rows, distribution key selection during redistribution, and estimation of the number of aggregate rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p174484641010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1892375041916">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p54411462108"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1584843718252">Value range</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b898365014259">0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8173144572518">1</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1351119479232">2</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul15785113214221"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li37861432122218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b152501221172320">0</strong> indicates that the original cost estimation model is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li2078673282219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b17212123122410">1</strong> indicates that the enhanced distinct estimation of the expression, HashJoin cost estimation model, estimation of the number of rows, distribution key selection during redistribution, and estimation of the number of aggregate rows are used on the basis of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1594444318283">0</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1691422145214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b752515062818">2</strong> indicates that the ANALYZE sampling algorithm with better randomicity is used on the basis of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b11194185993116">1</strong> to improve the accuracy of statistics collection.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p444246151011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19115517122312">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14120201710235">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s32fe2a2b19b1450baedd6e65d4bac6ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">debug_assertions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a05cfea29c6214a519773694009e5707a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b50318994434350">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable various assertion checks. This parameter assists in debugging. If you are experiencing strange problems or crashes, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b595816234528">on</strong> to identify programming defects. To use this parameter, the macro USE_ASSERT_CHECKING must be defined (through the configure option <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14619182605218">--enable-cassert</strong>) during the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text1849355354">GaussDB(DWS)</span> compilation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p3525144812382"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b199081417114816">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a5c21773f39c042cb835b4f663569eb78"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_14">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u6772101d8fcd422fa6c6ce179713b431"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l5cc38d58892f483a9f19e41c2ca0ae13"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b8423527069014_1">on</strong> indicates that various assertion checks are enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l00217b2f698a4277b4414e4ba8c4101c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2146935600142324">off</strong> indicates that various assertion checks are disabled.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__n93f88db54a9d4822a6cf032ff50c1357"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__abaf15f3c025546189c26b360fa2deaaf">This parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b174881341185213">on</strong> by default if <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text1728374027">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is compiled with various assertion checks enabled.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad4809c6762fa43b8943cec963c7d184e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1223814775212">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b172386479524">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sdca10fd86da9479bb6abb9dc88351c4e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">distribute_test_param</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a78fb2f6bdaa24c15b964b10dcda864a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b8423527069226">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the embedded test stubs for testing the distribution framework take effect. In most cases, developers embed some test stubs in the code during fault injection tests. Each test stub is identified by a unique name. The value of this parameter is a triplet that includes three values: thread level, test stub name, and error level of the injected fault. The three values are separated by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p62517586381"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b723722119481">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a313f0b0ef5cc4845a77cbad60979c280"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b12382370659551">Value range</strong>: a string indicating the name of any embedded test stub.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aadf6eba9f06b444f8ee9d8d80abd09cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10614468999657">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706144832">-1, default, default</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section118984511015"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ignore_checksum_failure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p4931245107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12518437412">Parameter description</strong>: Sets whether to ignore check failures (but still generates an alarm) and continues reading data. This parameter is valid only when enable_crc_check is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1755303882311">on</strong>. Continuing reading data may result in breakdown, damaged data being transferred or hidden, failure of data recovery from remote nodes, or other serious problems. You are not advised to modify the settings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p13519161181519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b09912210481">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p210512451804"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1928909451">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul51717251676"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li18201253715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6208253064">on</strong> indicates that data check errors are ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li026202512717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b156401023777">off</strong> indicates that data check errors are reported.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1611017458017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b367826483">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1144840684">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__safc6199e99a24768a3e51a4a1188196b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_colstore</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ac11e112ae8384272a6a850092ec6e727"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b160434229691035">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to create a table as a column-store table by default when no storage method is specified. The value for each node must be the same. This parameter is used for tests. Users are not allowed to enable it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p5993152731517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b397242334813">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab00ab4294e4d421686c015d02bfc8ea2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_18">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab7daa137c4354b7caa72b473ff22836a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_8">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706145026">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section16321134218121"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_force_vector_engine</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p143221142141211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b131980753891943">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to forcibly generate vectorized execution plans for a vectorized execution operator if the operator's child node is a non-vectorized operator. When this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_b113821986314271">on</strong>, vectorized execution plans are forcibly generated. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b43785211859">enable_force_vector_engine</strong> is enabled, no matter it is a row-store table, column-store table, or hybrid row-column store table, if the plantree does not contain scenarios that do not support vectorization, the vectorized executor is forcibly used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p10322194210123"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b99985101256">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p173221542121218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_20">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1032374217126"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1629419127518">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1729412121350">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__saacf655a727c4c63bd3e1ee776dd00e6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_csqual_pushdown</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a93079ac4190c44db91acaf70333a3cc6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b147714143392856">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to deliver filter criteria for a rough check during query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1421711434157"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b56321624154819">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a655332328fbd45a68fbb7c06ea4ca072"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_22">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__uac0f987951354354a341c15781ab8592"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l1d1ca3de91d5434a9df370a8b8be4b7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706152429">on</strong> indicates that a rough check is performed with filter criteria delivered during query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lf70d8ef42ace432b83236ca9aaf6a02f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b131058467152452">off</strong> indicates that a rough check is performed without filter criteria delivered during query.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a1a980e682a264e6798c7b45e3ee107a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b37941181103245_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270614521">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s3c82e3805aef453eab87dee4ab61190d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">explain_dna_file</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a920efc122e2f4d2b8fe2ab08d6945c3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b36485115993157">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the name of a CSV file exported when <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s16fe71bb07ef45c4b3119ee670eac7d1">explain_perf_mode</a> is set to <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_parmvalue55512574493247"><b>run</b></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p104601227193913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b28321824124810">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__n6e35156d88de447fbdac1a0bd8ab4771"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__af356829a5ec947be8d02a791ac094ea7">The value of this parameter must be an absolute path plus a file name with the extension <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b8423527069364">.csv</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a6ce6fa006e2841dc9cb0bc7d5dd4be4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a7f98c2d88a4543de9a6e560e8c359cf0">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a60216fdefbfe4d10bf305ebb7b863813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_afd123f4efdd44e96bd67b242ad5975da">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706145423">NULL</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s16fe71bb07ef45c4b3119ee670eac7d1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s16fe71bb07ef45c4b3119ee670eac7d1"></a><a name="s16fe71bb07ef45c4b3119ee670eac7d1"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">explain_perf_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ada204358a8cb43658b2f5ae8b9a60139"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b149185851893626">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the display format of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706142449">explain</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p4732143718393"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10995524114812">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aa9ee0691f9ed453cb9931d0aabdd34eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b214534291393731">Value range</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706145456">normal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706145459">pretty</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270614552">summary</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270614559">run</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u093b8fae322b4b11bcd2e4913fb303ab"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l069780ebfeff4d30adcf489cb9a9ed50"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3125164205312">normal</strong> indicates that the default printing format is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l5bbc2899ea334ba6bd4219e61ff3a261"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13579185105317">pretty</strong> indicates that the optimized display mode of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text100928589">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is used. A new format contains a plan node ID, directly and effectively analyzing performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lb7676c1e2daf456f96463360b93340bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270693923">summary</strong> indicates that the analysis result based on such information is printed in addition to the printed information in the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_b404011371162013">pretty</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__le4bdfae778f1488faf3d91a8979ecf12"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b79458795514326">run</strong> indicates that in addition to the printed information specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b195065478014326">summary</strong>, the database exports the information as a CSV file.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a3dbeabec56f34925be87f775ec668c63"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_ae87a28cece5946d8a210b66574ef37e4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_b842352706151651">pretty</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section11450659472"><h4 class="sectiontitle">join_num_distinct</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p114501559373"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b209528182714">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the default distinct value of the join column or expression in application scenarios.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1845011596717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b201138599275">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p3450195911710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2561512162818">Value range</strong>: a double-precision floating point number greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16359142411287">-100</strong>. Decimals may be truncated when displayed on clients.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul31359317351"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li14135831113518">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b52078171298">0</strong>, the value is used as the default distinct value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li41361831143515">If the value is greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1862173014293">-100</strong> and less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b5831163517292">0</strong>, it means the percentage used to estimate the default distinct value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1713613312355">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b48961198304">0</strong>, the default distinct value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b0504125373011">200</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p411396133015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19441124916719">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b44441491971">-20</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1978024313357"><h4 class="sectiontitle">qual_num_distinct</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p5780104303520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b79031555143016">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the default distinct value of the filter column or expression in application scenarios.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p77801243173512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b48221805332">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p57801743143511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b17880251336">Value range</strong>: a double-precision floating point number greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b388516514331">-100</strong>. Decimals may be truncated when displayed on clients.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul11102053123813"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li2011015316386">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b97899723312">0</strong>, the value is used as the default distinct value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li13110155343820">If the value is greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b191913913311">-100</strong> and less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1919892332">0</strong>, it means the percentage used to estimate the default distinct value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li71105531381">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b161991510143310">0</strong>, the default distinct value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8200710163319">200</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1178154363518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13687101183314">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1668710117338">200</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__seea5c278b3cb4517b9030ac57cf721fa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">trace_notify</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad0058565f0774d41a562157eebdb16d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b21451213145310">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to generate a large amount of debugging output for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b18150161335311">LISTEN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b915010137538">NOTIFY</strong> commands. <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__sbd8ad9bb6b9b48ba97f998f060dc56f3">client_min_messages</a> or <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a> must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1265515175318">DEBUG1</strong> or lower so that such output can be recorded in the logs on the client or server separately.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p11701165293915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b189125266488">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a3d3a8f42558a480291e75bc24995ef71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_26">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__udbe6bc9bde1642aa9df7a003b7030abd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__la5e43b7f057e4736958efc5fb94fa52e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270610156_1">on</strong> indicates that the function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lc779b16b9ba74116aa7ba4fa4a174094"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b58111847934350">off</strong> indicates that the function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a99607910666b4b8fbbaa9b003f6f6fce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_14">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8423527061523">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s20b0fc5448114af5a79ff4a473123018"><h4 class="sectiontitle">trace_recovery_messages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a22d9a47a1c794d9b84bc9aeb63b6df2a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b113173244531">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable logging of recovery-related debugging output. This parameter allows users to overwrite the normal setting of <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a>, but only for specific messages. This is intended for use in debugging the standby server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1873281142213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1136633019488">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a8bf905b7eb87439ca7a6a0f10c26f143"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b295573135320">Value range</strong>: enumerated values. Valid values include <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue159561731145320"><b>debug5</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue1295612313532"><b>debug4</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue095716317535"><b>debug3</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue1295733185312"><b>debug2</b></span>, <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue1895743175314"><b>debug1</b></span>, and <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue16958103110535"><b>log</b></span>. For details about the parameter values, see <a href="dws_04_0915.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098655026__s1ffb0797361d413d875381200fed970b">log_min_messages</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a6ea186974b914e7f90f04bc6208a1c29"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_b1826453812813">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085031973_b12654381815">log</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note1052125122911"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul119722813290"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li19724892913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8423527061548">log</strong> indicates that recovery-related debugging information will not be logged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li99728814291">Except the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13940216161111">log</strong>, each of the other values indicates that recovery-related debugging information at the specified level will also be logged. Common settings of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b171717142613">log_min_messages</strong> will unconditionally record information into server logs.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s2d5c332082224e378f4ab7e2447dde6c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">trace_sort</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a72413efd08da4a5bbb224838a824966a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b165535402535">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to display information about resource usage during sorting operations in logs. This parameter is available only when the macro TRACE_SORT is defined during the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text1711948848">GaussDB(DWS)</span> compilation. However, TRACE_SORT is currently defined by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1361116320409"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8554930104819">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a595092a7dfe8471fad32cb17cbdd9c81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_28">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ue76d46acff23480981e797ae8e17a44d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l40c7c1bca6054f1ea307966adc9428cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270610156_3">on</strong> indicates that the function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l1aeea7e0200d418882c9bd8505331d17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b43140288934350">off</strong> indicates that the function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a2e0d4bd4f56e4d1e96559eeac3d1e88d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_16">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270615541">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sfe7e2e59c9a545ecbc8e6aae628255ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zero_damaged_pages</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a903015a56c2a45bb9819b02413963fbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8785175014539">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to detect a damaged page header that causes <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text1422231576">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to report an error, aborting the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p13276421169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b157425301482">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a06a886b184d242928e16a3811ee3b0dc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_42">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul171616272293"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li14716327112917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1225038017">on</strong> indicates that the function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li6716162718295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b33161310173315">off</strong> indicates that the function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note187675162306"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul793511437383"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1593564312386">Setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b162192215337">on</strong> causes the system to report a warning, pad the damaged page with zeros, and then continue with subsequent processing. This behavior will damage data, that is, all rows on the damaged page. However, it allows you to bypass the error and retrieve rows from any undamaged pages that are present in the table. Therefore, it is useful for restoring data that is damaged due to a hardware or software error. In most cases, you are not advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b862974819334">on</strong> unless you do not want to restore data from the damaged pages of a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li993519439381">For a column-store table, the system will skip the entire CU and then continue processing. The supported scenarios include the CRC check failure, magic check failure, and incorrect CU length.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a31bb8eb1deec43409023f1a70f523306"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_18">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8423527061589">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s8ffa7df03f6b4d55aa1b3e536368913d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">string_hash_compatible</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aa6526fd3240f49718e4f3d81b48632b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706103141">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the same method to calculate char-type hash values and varchar- or text-type hash values. Based on the setting of this parameter, you can determine whether a redistribution is required when a distribution column is converted from a char-type data distribution into a varchar- or text-type data distribution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p533132622213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3907173044811">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a8ef5e59ac8db48839a8270579ba6ec1a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_44">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u36d283cd8bc44af7ada13c60d945463d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lf04dde942bc8421a8cf59300fa9ff9eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706103811_1">on</strong> indicates that the same calculation method is used and a redistribution is not required.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l58c9064fdae3496bad50383758c610f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706103811_3">off</strong> indicates that different calculation methods are used and a redistribution is required.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__n9afdefc2a9334fbe992c4f9e9d625acd"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a96c507c87453495499ce189c2b9cf724">Calculation methods differ in the length of input strings used for calculating hash values. (For a char-type hash value, spaces following a string are not counted as the length. For a text- or varchar-type hash value, the spaces are counted.) The hash value affects the calculation result of queries. To avoid query errors, do not modify this parameter during database running once it is set.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a5b7229d48ce84f41aa7388045ca6ae03"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_20">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270615156">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s9d3070772fd24cd9934d1eeca2d256c6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">replication_test</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__adf84caf229ad4a23b409f0bc26db68a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706104549">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable internal testing on the data replication function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p14302015154013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8971731134810">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a1f3fb3921436422b8e4dfb5aac68f1c7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_46">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ue00e3ea19ad04007a7e4ffac846bc961"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l2c7a7d601cc841a3adc38d04ecac2be9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706104648">on</strong> indicates that internal testing on the data replication function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lcecb176464604bf3b2c2e1c4ce61c5f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b46635984134350">off</strong> indicates that internal testing on the data replication function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ae8f36833116146f68fddda2d230cb0d8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_22">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706151612">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s4aa885c181c4403d9942e6951aa67a17"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cost_param</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ac27c311ccb834b2f966df3ebc722fffd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b21094962111229">Parameter description</strong>: Controls use of different estimation methods in specific customer scenarios, allowing estimated values approximating to onsite values. This parameter can control various methods simultaneously by performing AND (&amp;) operations on the bit for each method. A method is selected if its value is not <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__parmvalue2077304747144331"><b>0</b></span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a6fc66e66f8eb46a9844fa2f99e2fc6e8">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b101600712244">cost_param &amp; 1</strong> is not set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b116114720246">0</strong>, an improvement mechanism is selected for calculating a non-equi join selection rate, which is more accurate in estimation of self-join (join between two same tables). In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ph716116732418">V300R002C00</span> and later, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b181617772417">cost_param &amp; 1=0</strong> is not used. That is, an optimized formula is selected for calculation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a7d3d193f73da479abe8fad983eb097fa">When <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_parmname936426231111154"><b>cost_param &amp; 2</b></span> is set to a value other than <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_parmvalue1835860841111154"><b>0</b></span>, the selection rate is estimated based on multiple filter criteria. The lowest selection rate among all filter criteria, but not the product of the selection rates for two tables under a specific filter criterion, is used as the total selection rate. This method is more accurate when a close correlation exists between the columns to be filtered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad34263dc0c2b4bd8a2bcf217cd0c9120">When <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_parmname1158438200155445"><b>cost_param &amp; 4</b></span> is not <span class="parmvalue" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_parmvalue35083637155445"><b>0</b></span>, the selected debugging model is not recommended when the stream node is evaluated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p121521152191317">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13103191310334">cost_param &amp; 16</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b61031139337">0</strong>, the model between fully correlated and fully uncorrelated models is used to calculate the comprehensive selection rate of two or more filtering conditions or join conditions. If there are many filtering conditions, the strongly-correlated model is preferred.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1269972410403"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b0273133174812">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab3f933e58fae41a684549d0a2d025f5e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b72064000734350">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to INT_MAX</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad310eaf261de418c8bc1ccf1e3590774"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b61650132_6">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706151931">16</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s52ddbced6d054fa8aef56b60f4d83850"><h4 class="sectiontitle">convert_string_to_digit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__add8460437caa4e1b860dd295b6a76549"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b8423527069283">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the implicit conversion priority, which determines whether to preferentially convert strings into numbers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1831021321810">In MySQL-compatible mode, this parameter has no impact.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1350893218405"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b114691631114812">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a0b6aa021700240149ad31ccf53ac8370"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_48">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u544a6347e9284295891557791ff71585"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lba07d29043624f8a90b6aad96f09bbf3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270611217">on</strong> indicates that strings are preferentially converted into numbers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lab36125a2834442d8f99dcdf4b6fa107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1415687635144819">off</strong> indicates that strings are not preferentially converted into numbers.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad94a0abb0cac42e7b2cf0e330106c52c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b6125520212036_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706152029">on</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note6967113133211"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p14903530173011">Modify this parameter only when absolutely necessary because the modification will change the rule for converting internal data types and may cause unexpected results.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s91876ad6d74646e7a825d6dd447667bc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">nls_timestamp_format</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a06f00dc9eb1641d0b4c752146bdb92a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706112137">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default timestamp format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p79051641114011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1866711312481">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__af76c48dd086c4fb089c7fec49464823e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706112225">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad4a6fec483524244bac6fc7e3ecc4aab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b1912033555112237">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270615213">DD-Mon-YYYY HH:MI:SS.FF AM</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s6e188648d0ad413e871dde5c185c2821"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_partitionwise</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a725220629e1f40cf8e4b627c7baff6c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706112523">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to select an intelligent algorithm for joining partitioned tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p6912155034013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b64053244818">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a576f749f40c8416a8675eced33f96506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b16754081162213">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u7eb29a6f0a0040f69fdcdf8112f59a75"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l548a63a599144a479b542a2ced0b81d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270611276_1">on</strong> indicates that an intelligent algorithm is selected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lb9fa7b3aa3c64a3eb7f39f066da0d234"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b134815161714501">off</strong> indicates that an intelligent algorithm is not selected.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aafac74f2668743c2b101c784e55ea422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_24">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270615255">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section825595755117"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_partition_dynamic_pruning</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p525535714517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b163961109401">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether dynamic pruning is enabled during partition table scanning.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9256125719513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b158917131409">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19256957145111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b28402149409">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul20256125745112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li132566572517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b583118589402">on</strong>: enable</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li16233214535"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1624741314418">off</strong>: disable</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1625615710515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1780991620413">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b5809216114110">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s52a0656d4aec461aa208616489c3362e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_user_defined_exception</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a5c4f50ae7d464a34a00ade1763814b9c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14891351193213">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of exceptions. The default value cannot be changed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p235751194111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b420373218482">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ad1202fa17a6349d191c902d012435006"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a7a9cc0fdf8de40779cb11862ef669066">Value range</strong>: an integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a5a6a6c0f95eb4fda9c6b672ee87ed975"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b77447017616429">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3061407016429">1000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s33ef66a4cb9843db922428a5e4107da1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">datanode_strong_sync</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab71d3f548d9348baa3709158e6b74fc7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_b842352706102047">Parameter description</strong>: This parameter no longer takes effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p197854824118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12387163217489">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aef4aa244b4524b7b981b5e42916ad245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_a65b7a7d09251449ea6605549c1c34541">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__uf61ed5cfe5d247079b8cafd4c8ff7903"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lea2fb4e2d630424d92ef0590da659b69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706113332_1">on</strong> indicates that forcible synchronization between stream nodes is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l18e953a1a6ab44f8883ba6e23bc46213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b629721023145053">off</strong> indicates that forcible synchronization between stream nodes is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a43e0af6a595b4932a33c11011533dda9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_26">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706152730">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__seb1be9348e6b4482914bc933a9705cec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_debug_vacuum</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ab68f9aa677634c1ca827fc52cb2d8724"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a13f966415fee496092fe4fb981550a59">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to allow output of some VACUUM-related logs for problem locating. This parameter is used only by developers. Common users are advised not to use it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p8322182514195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b489223219487">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a8a5decebb57b491086d3170b265deb0b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_50">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u9ab38400f6f042c7bc4d00df4d7ba837"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lf6392a118cd74531b9ae624318b00300"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b842352706102618">on/true</strong> indicates that output of vacuum-related logs is allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l70a9135718024d3bbeb5a30015a4b664"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2122296763145136">off/false</strong> indicates that output of vacuum-related logs is disallowed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a0634e080637047f7a56a3f3a4cf72db7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b117777560">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b409258146">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s46971fbae49a4605b3348ad268c7320b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_global_stats</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__acd79fb5be55b490b95e00881010673a9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270613582">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the current statistics mode. This parameter is used to compare global statistics generation plans and the statistics generation plans for a single DN. This parameter is used for tests. Users are not allowed to enable it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9556100111710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1997043219485">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__abe4f6a24b4434f3886fcae840ea031cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_52">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u3b451e5a0ad745ca875bd9d7dec98b6c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l78f288fb5d1148e19d2f25b10c954c25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270614149">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10621205113217">true</strong> indicates the global statistics mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ld4504674b7cf4c1e9deb28525d0d7c7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1774956203214">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1019911373319">false</strong> indicates the single-DN statistics mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a7eca7c6c52744a2fa62907340a5e5de0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b267748081">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b946931686">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sdf986a27d14a4eeca7a85218bb0d70fc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_fast_numeric</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a20da9895edff4e28b9274ae3dfc1f2ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270614311">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable optimization for numeric data calculation. Calculation of numeric data is time-consuming. Numeric data is converted into int64- or int128-type data to improve numeric data calculation performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p630411205416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1610813317485">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ac99cce35f9e940ffb06b531e5dcf68cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b10741640_54">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ud15e56a590934f88ac221ac4fcb815fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__lc0db949573864e7db7a305c4e77e1c8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b84235270614345">on/true</strong> indicates that optimization for numeric data calculation is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l032a62540eb84f518adea91e01548fa6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1227554481145544">off/false</strong> indicates that optimization for numeric data calculation is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a334385cff15647fabe235abf8e4d710f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2046876950">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2123279729">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1731164732612"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_row_fast_numeric</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1631114712614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3501545134515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the format in which numeric data in a row-store table is spilled to disks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p53111247192616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1191175114446">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p731112479265"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b15256145319442">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul19311114713266"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1431114475263"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b17743132911498">on/true</strong> indicates that numeric data in a row-store table is spilled to disks in bigint format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1131184762613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b944417154503">off/false</strong> indicates that numeric data in a row-store table is spilled to disks in the original format.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note1086416237362"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1828141410376">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8335203255815">on</strong>, you are advised to enable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1759964695917">enable_force_vector_engine</strong> to improve the query performance of large data sets. However, compared with the original format, there is a high probability that the bigint format occupies more disk space. For example, the TPC-H test set occupies about 7% more space (reference value, may vary depending on the environment).</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p10864102373617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b26712713451">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b177415271451">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s333914ac6c8f4cd4a6ce9ed73bb2be14"><h4 class="sectiontitle">rewrite_rule</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aadb206b6e06144aba4dc5a86a46b8b54"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_b84235270695334">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the rewriting rule for enabled optional queries. Some query rewriting rules are optional. Enabling them cannot always improve query efficiency. In a specific customer scenario, you can set the query rewriting rules through the GUC parameter to achieve optimal query efficiency.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__acff5283804694eb0bff3536e253f5257">This parameter can control the combination of query rewriting rules, for example, there are multiple rewriting rules: rule1, rule2, rule3, and rule4. To set the parameters, you can perform the following operations:</p>
+<pre class="codeblock" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__c0f33646897a847c78b97cc954edd6337">set rewrite_rule=rule1;          --Enable query rewriting rule rule1.
+set rewrite_rule=rule2,rule3;    --Enable query rewriting rules rule2 and rule3.
+set rewrite_rule=none;           --Disable all optional query rewriting rules.</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1698152934113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8351935194812">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a3d8c820d08c0489ba6c10a47476f8b23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_b44366800195127">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__u582a49208d014b459af16e68a402d6df"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l809bf5bea254485d9ac4dc25947b5c18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706153518">none</strong>: Does not use any optional query rewriting rules.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l23cd64e035524005929848d0127b3d8e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706153610">lazyagg</strong>: Uses the Lazy Agg query rewriting rules for eliminating aggregation operations in subqueries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li17831429124620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706182636">magicset</strong>: Uses the Magic Set query rewriting rules (from the main query to subqueries).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li15390132510245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b341618591175">uniquecheck</strong>: Uses the Unique Check rewriting rules. (The scenario where the target column does not contain the expression sublink of the aggregate function can be improved. The function can be enabled only when the value of the target column is unique after the sublink is aggregated based on the associated column. This function is recommended to be used by optimization engineers.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li13943144817253"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b190617157294">disablerep</strong>: Uses the function that prohibit pulling up sublinks of the replication table. (Disable sublink pull-up for the replication table.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li7688122815254"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b102691429175011">projection_pushdown</strong>: Uses the Projection Pushdown rewriting rules.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a97c28ae246e3464aa63de98c910603c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270614205">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270617354">magicset</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__s3fe7f177cf2d42d091881dae6a3c9af7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_compress_spill</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__aa99d2376a98c4f6bb9845a2f805ae184"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967586_b842352706193513_1">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the compression function of writing data to a disk.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p194476377415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13527133512487">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a26e8b3ac5a6f44faa01851a91eb084bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b209791372114586">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_ul16131530193"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__l92ff8d0ab3874868b1f9b4437b288f1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1235548773145816">on/true</strong> indicates that optimization for writing data to a disk is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__la5c9c3e7b8c9454ab4f5cc71c6ff8f8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b255718568145822">off/false</strong> indicates that optimization for writing data to a disk is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__a1b077fc8586c414290d396164ed37aed"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b9992201">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1928773869">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section41951721291"><h4 class="sectiontitle">analysis_options</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p2195428918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706153759">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable function options in the corresponding options to use the corresponding location functions, including data verification and performance statistics. For details, see the options in the value range.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p863484684112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2083903584818">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p3195621496"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b656186108">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul111951521891"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li61956217916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706154644">LLVM_COMPILE</strong> indicates that the codegen compilation time of each thread is displayed on the explain performance page.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li91951721794"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706154821">HASH_CONFLICT</strong> indicates that the log file in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706154924">pg_log</strong> directory of the DN process displays the hash table statistics, including the hash table size, hash chain length, and hash conflict information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li71958211919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706154954">STREAM_DATA_CHECK</strong> indicates that a CRC check is performed on data before and after network data transmission.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p131951321696"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706155055">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b84235270615511">off(ALL)</strong>, which indicates that no location function is enabled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section11914205152413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">resource_track_log</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9913551132418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16778194335712">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the log level of self-diagnosis. Currently, this parameter takes effect only in multi-column statistics.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1330625614415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14263610486">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p169144514243"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b896852572">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul191425192419"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li69141751142416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b20566248112">summary</strong>: Brief diagnosis information is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li24317516439"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b362619271127">detail</strong>: Detailed diagnosis information is displayed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p925966104415">Currently, the two parameter values differ only when there is an alarm about multi-column statistics not collected. If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b124677321226">summary</strong>, such an alarm will not be displayed. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1446813327219">detail</strong>, such an alarm will be displayed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p159147518249"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b114989281635">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b05001328134">summary</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section189901634112519"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hll_default_log2m</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p152961221141812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14594144910312">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of buckets for HLL data. The number of buckets affects the precision of distinct values calculated by HLL. The more buckets there are, the smaller the deviation is. The deviation range is as follows: [–1.04/2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sup196621119142218">log2m*1/2</sup>, +1.04/2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sup393323972211">log2m*1/2</sup>]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p199931419425"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b72136363486">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p899133412256"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b899153442514">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 10 to 16</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p199912348251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8651523192616">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b42794364267">11</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section185791437112511"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hll_default_regwidth</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p658015377251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b34591158172618">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of bits in each bucket for HLL data. A larger value indicates more memory occupied by HLL. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b165038491142">hll_default_regwidth</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6531754111414">hll_default_log2m</strong> determine the maximum number of distinct values that can be calculated by HLL. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__table05450516616">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p186012144420"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b037233612488">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p20580173732518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b155801637182513">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 5</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1258016372256"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059779078_a5e8289e264814e01800c00b0d832c9e4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706162730">5</strong></p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__table05450516616"></a><a name="table05450516616"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__table05450516616" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Maximum number of calculated distinct values determined by hll_default_log2m and hll_default_regwidth</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row8546651063"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p254617515615">log2m</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19546551964">regwidth = 1</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1554655763">regwidth = 2</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p195461551168">regwidth = 3</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19546175262">regwidth = 4</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" id="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p554635064">regwidth = 5</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row7546145068"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p65465511610">10</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p165462051966">7.4e+02</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p35471751267">3.0e+03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p13547751362">4.7e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p254716513614">1.2e+07</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p2547051965">7.9e+11</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row2054725162"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p754716511612">11</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p205478510615">1.5e+03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19547155568">5.9e+03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p135478510611">9.5e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p2547185267">2.4e+07</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p45471752614">1.6e+12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row205471751465"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p175471951463">12</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p554725762">3.0e+03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p14547125266">1.2e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p18547175868">1.9e+05</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p2547951364">4.8e+07</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p135491151568">3.2e+12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row0549185863"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p95491259619">13</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1918182817811">5.9e+03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15549145567">2.4e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p75491351467">3.8e+05</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p10549158615">9.7e+07</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p155491955618">6.3e+12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row3549135769"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p154905165">14</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p6549195767">1.2e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p135491951617">4.7e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15491951765">7.6e+05</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p0549555619">1.9e+08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p75490513614">1.3e+13</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__row45491151168"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p8549195663">15</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p4549351065">2.4e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p105491358611">9.5e+04</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p14549851461">1.5e+06</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p135496512615">3.9e+08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.666666666666664%" headers="mcps1.3.42.6.2.7.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p254917520612">2.5e+13</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1785343972518"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hll_default_expthresh</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p282873734212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1471694442911">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the default threshold for switching from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b167210315541">explicit</strong> mode to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b785113104540">sparse</strong> mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p134807160159"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16143163734813">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p442552213427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b182371413121814">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to 7 <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b5347336204">–1</strong> indicates the auto mode; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1135173362018">0</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b635133162014">explicit</strong> mode is skipped; a value from 1 to 7 indicates that the mode is switched when the number of distinct values reaches 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__sup1236203332011">hll_default_expthresh</sup>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p185313942518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1254752973419">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6548162917346">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section95372411258"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hll_default_sparseon</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p753754142515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b7640152103514">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1712145655418">sparse</strong> mode by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p6398647144219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b179881839134814">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p17537104112252"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b66499804">Valid value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706111635">0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706111638">1</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b62861124103811">0</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b942111106556">sparse</strong> mode is disabled by default. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13632018104017">1</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1072152517552">sparse</strong> mode is enabled by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p7537164112252"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b934831913594">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b123488198597">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section13489114392513"><h4 class="sectiontitle">hll_max_sparse</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p134893434251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b10914103519400">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the size of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1128613524407">max_sparse</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p954735813422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b15518104312489">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p164891843112515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b35751844115915">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from –1 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14215253715">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p848917437259"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b172868129410">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8287141211412">–1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section10636183653718"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_compress_hll</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p16367361374"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b143909487910">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable memory optimization for HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1654718610431"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b11710943194815">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p18474219104112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b58854511693">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul5475919104111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li13475219104117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b156051919234">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1332226122318">true</strong> indicates that memory optimization is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li134756199419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b17840165217235">off</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b340013591231">false</strong> indicates that memory optimization is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15636193614372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b157910562911">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b157921256496">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1765913299426"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1765913299426"></a><a name="section1765913299426"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">udf_memory_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p106541811908"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2330163113915">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the maximum physical memory that can be used when each CN or DN executes UDFs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p496143171915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16223194415481">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p186572111104"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0085033176_en-us_topic_0059778686_a8791c882938f4e6c9ae407641e405449">Value range</strong>: an integer. The value range is from 200 x 1024 to the value of <a href="dws_04_0893.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145694783__sadc1e0e8c1c246a4a6cad3967deebaad">max_process_memory</a> and the unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p16611811506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967679_b4605672135217_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706154731">200 MB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section0948171616421"><h4 class="sectiontitle">FencedUDFMemoryLimit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p12890171344316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706182822">Parameter description</strong>: Controls the virtual memory used by each fenced udf worker process.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1131121704311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b24084465489">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p125399121402"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b578119269104">Suggestion</strong>: You are not advised to set this parameter. You can set <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1765913299426">udf_memory_limit</a> instead. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p69576180448"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706182917">Value range</strong>: an integer. The unit can be KB, MB, or GB. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1901530193619">0</strong> indicates that the memory is not limited.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p5155164174613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b939165898">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b329747098">0</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section19591235141915"><h4 class="sectiontitle">UDFWorkerMemHardLimit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1431814110196"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1514105616338">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6491134353412">fencedUDFMemoryLimit</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p10717522111820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b644304724819">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p152921643114010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b18636195781015">Suggestion</strong>: You are not advised to set this parameter. You can set <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1765913299426">udf_memory_limit</a> instead. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p09661737182018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1430583621">Value range</strong>: an integer. The unit can be KB, MB, or GB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p74054324251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b16102652488">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b191041451481">1 GB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section867525320283"><h4 class="sectiontitle">pljava_vmoptions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p775465682814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b15412056103515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the startup parameters for JVMs used by the PL/Java function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p8897519171719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b136221847164812">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p815145643020"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b199811956183512">Value range</strong>: a string, supporting:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul429124714346"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li072243516319">JDK8 JVM startup parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li17556164643118">JDK8 JVM system attributes (starting with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1242818358161">–D</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3255144213163">–Djava.ext.dirs</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li346747153419">User-defined parameters (starting with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1553716486162">–D</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b125682051131619">–Duser.defined.option</strong>).</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note119961995317"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1419961916539">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b17206459163614">pljava_vmoptions</strong> is set to a value beyond the value range, an error will be reported when PL/Java functions are used. </p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p2359820163416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19295124823620">Default value</strong>: empty</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section738715507276"><h4 class="sectiontitle">javaudf_disable_feature</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p288924925318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b0415135085118">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the granularity of Java UDF actions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9280937173512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b357984515">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p107443216285"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b862573367">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul14100275345"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1910057183410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b14997153225410">none</strong> indicates that any action specified in other fine-grained parameters is enabled. When this parameter is set together with other parameters, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b171712516557">none</strong> is invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li1110057103411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1736511461555">all</strong> indicates that all Java UDF functions are disabled. This option has the highest priority.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li12100972346"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b379795165615">extdir</strong> indicates that the function of storing dependency JAR packages in a third-party path is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li110014753418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b20853111814568">hadoop</strong> indicates that Hadoop functions are disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li2010018793414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1018318231312">reflection</strong> indicates that the reflection permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b85851754119">ReflectPermission</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li8100472348"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1950815345913">loadlibrary</strong> indicates that the dynamic library loading permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b197510512102">loadLibrary</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li91006753412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1012042401115">net</strong> indicates that the network permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b46621808129">NetPermission</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li01001719341"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1444563919127">socket</strong> indicates that the socket permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12300195219146">SocketPermission</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li15100197113415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12407152814152">security</strong> indicates that the security configuration permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b3856114719189">SecurityPermission</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li210110713412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19103133731911">classloader</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b545411519208">classLoder</strong> creation permission (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b644437122019">createClassLoader</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li110119773415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b33876682111">access_declared_members</strong> indicates that the permission of accessing other declared members (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b47945176228">accessDeclaredMembers</strong>) is disabled during the execution of Java UDF functions.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p9797195510378"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19657332122318">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1134995312314">extdir,hadoop,reflection,loadlibrary,net,socket,security,classloader,access_declared_members</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section4605202011486"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_pbe_optimization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1162116209481"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b453379124317">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer optimizes the query plan for statements executed in Parse Bind Execute (PBE) mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1570952701717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6808174710482">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p166018201483"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b9542154112440">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul144954452277"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li8500154512712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13354135164412">on</strong> indicates that the optimizer optimizes the query plan.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li11512114512718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b226014273450">off</strong> indicates that the optimization does not optimize the query plan.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19673182074819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b559864202">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b361082460">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section46891552174813"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_light_proxy</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p13702145274818"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b11250175084515">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the optimizer optimizes the execution of simple queries on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p469693512176"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b2999154774814">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p5740195212482"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1789111246463">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul10758752154819"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li12763105244816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b4265203074615">on</strong> indicates that the optimizer optimizes the execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li207798528488"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b8422193515464">off</strong> indicates that the optimization does not optimize the execution.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p7791152114813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b533384614612">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b13332465465">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section1827711441139"><h4 class="sectiontitle">checkpoint_flush_after</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p5282144418132"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b99511042380">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of consecutive disk pages that the checkpointer writer thread writes before asynchronous flush. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text1889962024">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, the size of a disk page is 8 KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p27421315144516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b18158148134819">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p328934441320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b158941011193711">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 256. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1189471123714">0</strong> indicates that the asynchronous flush function is disabled. For example, if the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1437811823719">32</strong>, the checkpointer thread continuously writes 32 disk pages (that is, 32 x 8 = 256 KB) before asynchronous flush.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15298744171311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b823712116532">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b111229195318">32</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section11251245438"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_parallel_ddl</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p186209614439"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b810103618116">Parameter description</strong>: Controls whether multiple CNs can concurrently perform DDL operations on the same database object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p104563513431"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1468514814483">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p146306604316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b428230858">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul1984619152455"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li3848171554517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1156812482113">on</strong> indicates that DDL operations can be performed safely and that no distributed deadlock occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li48518155454"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b203511789126">off</strong> indicates that DDL operations cannot be performed safely and that distributed deadlocks may occur.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1363476194311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1104974565">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b624001464">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section29017124241"><h4 class="sectiontitle">show_acce_estimate_detail</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p119811252420"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b39830174137">Parameter description</strong>: When the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__text199466072">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster is accelerated (<a href="dws_04_0945.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section13787157164412">acceleration_with_compute_pool</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b111314815134">on</strong>), specifies whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1593711104144">EXPLAIN</strong> statement displays the evaluation information about execution plan pushdown to computing Node Groups. The evaluation information is generally used by O&amp;M personnel during maintenance, and it may affect the output display of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b872662111611">EXPLAIN</strong> statement. Therefore, this parameter is disabled by default. The evaluation information is displayed only if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b156850412165">verbose</strong> option of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b6881646191612">EXPLAIN</strong> statement is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p39415541438"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1822194994810">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p710810127247"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1289084112710">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul1411511214248"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li91171112172414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b86081331192418">on</strong> indicates that the evaluation information is displayed in the output of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b9422184052412">EXPLAIN</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li91221212192418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b11231122112404">off</strong> indicates that the evaluation information is not displayed in the output of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12321921124019">EXPLAIN</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p512641262419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__en-us_topic_0059778871_en-us_topic_0058967732_b46080773_10">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b842352706145110">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section157265302582"><h4 class="sectiontitle">support_batch_bind</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p15726830175817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b925091310513">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to batch bind and execute PBE statements through interfaces such as JDBC, ODBC, and Libpq.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p19511345444"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b132007496483">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p11727103012587"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1427390990">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul77271530105814"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li207271330165815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1566944515114">on</strong> indicates that batch binding and execution are used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li15727113085814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b12251816185211">off</strong> indicates that batch binding and execution are not used.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p272753095815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1089053689">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b95211247">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__section82231820131319"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_immediate_interrupt</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p8223122001311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b93068012320">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the execution of the current statement or session can be immediately interrupted in the signal processing function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p192242203134"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b107261499298">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1222432091310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b18578171515293">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__ul1722411206132"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li722492014130"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b71371629142914">on</strong> indicates that the execution of the current statement or session can be immediately interrupted in the signal processing function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__li722492014136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b19499103520293">off</strong> indicates that the execution of the current statement or session cannot be immediately interrupted in the signal processing function.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p16224162071313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b363334012914">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b36402406296">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__note342119371718"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__p1973133194016">Exercise caution when setting this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b990015017339">on</strong>. If the execution of the current statement or session can be immediately interrupted in the signal processing function, the execution of some key processes may be interrupted, causing the failure to release the global lock in the system. It is recommended that this parameter be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145894431__b1743293183720">on</strong> only during system debugging or fault prevention.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0937.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0937.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e62e793c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0937.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974876"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974876"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Auditing</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0938.html">Audit Switch</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0940.html">Operation Audit</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0938.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0938.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9184087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0938.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Audit Switch</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s47eb5bd8caa94feb9ff1f36c224b687e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_enabled</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__aef2d92e8217f43e89297515d68700048"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b29280198">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable or disable the audit process. After the audit process is enabled, the auditing information written by the background process can be read from the pipe and written into audit files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p2525314115220"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b7970141653017">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__af5fdd04694b94139b77678935e59917b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b4938529">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__u37307aca970e4f57a86da97195ff9d75"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__l9d2712b9508b40a0bd91db2bfd42d262"><strong>on</strong> indicates that the auditing function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__l68a9a22ff7ea4231a5feb76ea7314d4d"><strong>off</strong> indicates that the auditing function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__aa56571112724460aaaf0a6e3f69d328b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b48892289">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706155328">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__sf2f5f4b08cc74ec4b8c0a8ec97ebd11c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_data_format</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a7f2e7b1674bc4a4492c1a69fb02c829d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b1718825914921_3">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the format of the audit log files. Currently, only the binary format is supported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p71821632183417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b120315189302">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__af27d0eb0d89d4701bf93b862044bda28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_a0cfb1dbc536346978ea1cb75731e06a7">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__aa8d47c521d3246f8a3261267f0fb5e76"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b22573756155558_3">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706155750">binary</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s2146f187e2d448b8b2a8c81582e43435"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_rotation_interval</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__ad92596dc20c64ad8b8e1f52103215c3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b180355054710022">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the interval of creating an audit log file. If the difference between the current time and the time when the previous audit log file is created is greater than the value of <strong>audit_rotation_interval</strong>, a new audit log file will be generated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p10221149105218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b182098211303">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__af7e1628845a54ee2833e5770d7636a2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b23455951">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1059787154151334">INT_MAX/60</strong>. The unit is min.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a56aecdd3728440698821c85e4b253cd8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b4605672135217_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_b84235270610214">1d</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__note12519747101649"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p45568863101649">Adjust this parameter only when required. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616042">audit_resource_policy</strong> may fail to take effect. To control the storage space and time of audit logs, set the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section939915522551">audit_resource_policy</a>, <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s199c0d0827ad412287098d139191a00a">audit_space_limit</a>, and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section149961828185211">audit_file_remain_time</a> parameters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s214247c1322f40ffb2eab61f75542b40"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_rotation_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a78b3b9ab53a644e993cf0015711748f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b18741162001078">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum capacity of an audit log file. If the total number of messages in an audit log exceeds the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1914722655151358">audit_rotation_size</strong>, the server will generate a new audit log file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p6268165818524"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b9411152119309">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__ad51a583b19f848df89fd278e37db1004"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1168417908151431">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 1024. The unit is MB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__aac267d1135be483da5cb2c138ff560ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1066483212151438">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b8423527061629">10 MB</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__note56551607101723"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p156485354104">Adjust this parameter only when required. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b2128333410">audit_resource_policy</strong> may fail to take effect. To control the storage space and time of audit logs, set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616057">audit_resource_policy</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b8423527061613">audit_space_limit</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b8423527061619">audit_file_remain_time</strong> parameters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section939915522551"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section939915522551"></a><a name="section939915522551"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_resource_policy</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p74001852175510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616228">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the policy for determining whether audit logs are preferentially stored by space or time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p10100374535"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b35831421163016">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p11401135217555"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1331564267">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__ul1940255285510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__li15402145285520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616528">on</strong> indicates that audit logs are preferentially stored by space. A maximum of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s199c0d0827ad412287098d139191a00a">audit_space_limit</a> logs can be stored. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__li4403135220557"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616741">off</strong> indicates that audit logs are preferentially stored by time. A minimum duration of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section149961828185211">audit_file_remain_time</a> logs must be stored. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b141221538191213">audit_file_remain_time</strong> is too large, the disk space occupied by stored audit logs reaches the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b860517411316">audit_space_limit</strong>. In this case, the earliest audit files are deleted.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p194041552115510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1884256269">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616103">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section149961828185211"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section149961828185211"></a><a name="section149961828185211"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_file_remain_time</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p0997182815211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270611589">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum duration required for recording audit logs. This parameter is valid only when <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__section939915522551">audit_resource_policy</a> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706161412">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p56641415165315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b587982153017">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p1699822816529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706161135">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 730. The unit is day. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616122">0</strong> indicates that the storage duration is not limited.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p1599822865212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1896293517535">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706171710">90</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s199c0d0827ad412287098d139191a00a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s199c0d0827ad412287098d139191a00a"></a><a name="s199c0d0827ad412287098d139191a00a"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_space_limit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a7726613d3fb54b94ab8bfcbb24f9e146"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b1168798544101111">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the total disk space occupied by audit files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p62888234535"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b8923521163020">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a860225d64b064fc9982a92ab38ca1388"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b84235270695433">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b84235270616143">1024 KB</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b84235270693449">1024 GB</strong>. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a04e313f9080a4f4da12ece86b1683ba7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_ad5c25cbbd1714f72808abf2c5c26090c">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b842352706161418">1GB</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__s1d027ce79fe3474e8a145749e098c879"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_file_remain_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__aa1c7d6b045614f5898a2ab198bf3c1f5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b735669631101249">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the maximum number of audit files in the audit directory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p1047943115530"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b782192219308">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a3b2af4f24a674ab79a7ec789cd191af7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__en-us_topic_0059777744_en-us_topic_0058967712_b97646036110155">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 1048576</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__a7ff47ac5107147698b08d973054d8a81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1714460529">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1978387883">1048576</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__note57606380101740"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__p48695377101740">Ensure that the value of this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b117624710176">1048576</strong>. If the value is changed, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1688910193176">audit_resource_policy</strong> parameter may not take effect. To control the storage space and time of audit logs, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b141718356174">audit_resource_policy</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b11588438201711">audit_space_limit</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654728__b1725034319178">audit_file_remain_time</strong> parameters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0937.html">Auditing</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Operation Audit</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section19376165411211"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section19376165411211"></a><a name="section19376165411211"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_operation_exec</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p139141294136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b19801236163111">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to audit successful operations in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text492279803">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Set this parameter as required.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p125518277138"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b16698121383218">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p540075216138"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b157781115133218">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul051634561511"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li651674510156"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1135220215324">none</strong>: indicates that no audit item is configured. If any audit item is configured, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1233815468328">none</strong> becomes invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li3516154541518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b16111115643217">all</strong>: indicates that all successful operations are audited. This value overwrites the concurrent configuration of any other audit items. Note that even if this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b390741716386">all</strong>, not all DDL operations are audited. You need to control the object level of DDL operations by referring to <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc">audit_system_object</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li9516124512157"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b12472233113816">login</strong>: indicates that successful logins are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li75161445181512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b13937165612389">logout</strong>: indicates that user logouts are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li851714521514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b122341019163910">database_process</strong>: indicates that database startup, stop, switchover, and recovery operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1851794511152"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b214163013912">user_lock</strong>: indicates that successful locking and unlocking operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li6517545151512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b10934190164011">grant_revoke</strong>: indicates that successful granting and reclaiming of a user's permission are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1351710453156"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b12620149124212">ddl</strong>: indicates that successful DDL operations are audited. DDL operations are controlled at a fine granularity based on operation objects. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b85011876291">audit_system_object</strong> is used to control the objects whose DDL operations are to be audited. (The audit function takes effect as long as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b178551851122911">audit_system_object</strong> is configured, no matter whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b63165318304">ddl</strong> is set.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li2051714571511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b11522203233112">select</strong>: indicates that successful SELECT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li851774581515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b14600253133114">copy</strong>: indicates that successful COPY operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li175181645151517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b14296142423216">userfunc</strong>: indicates that successful operations for user-defined functions, stored procedures, and anonymous blocks are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li175182045141512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b12368956202010">set</strong>: indicates that successful SET operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1551844513155"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b16423193917224">transaction</strong>: indicates that successful transaction operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li251810455152"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b3702144872218">vacuum</strong>: indicates that successful VACUUM operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li051810452152"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b205862055192214">analyze</strong>: indicates that successful ANALYZE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li15183457153"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b731713232310">explain</strong>: indicates that successful EXPLAIN operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li12518144561517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b9907171252315">specialfunc</strong>: indicates that successful calls to special functions are audited. Special functions include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b337075015236">pg_terminate_backend</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2582353122314">pg_cancel_backend</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li17518645181513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b175311655172310">insert</strong>: indicates that successful INSERT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1551934531515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1170215922412">update</strong>: indicates that successful UPDATE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li12519745121514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b148981742417">delete</strong>: indicates that successful DELETE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li14519184561516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b19405525192418">merge</strong>: indicates that successful MERGE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li12519134511158"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18878181219265">show</strong>: indicates that successful SHOW operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1651904519154"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b12862112217264">checkpoint</strong>: indicates that successful CHECKPOINT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li55191945201520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1363193016264">barrier</strong>: indicates that successful BARRIER operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li13519194520155"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2157037172612">cluster</strong>: indicates that successful CLUSTER operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li25191045111520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b114208449262">comment</strong>: indicates that successful COMMENT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li13519174511158"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b107161335152518">cleanconn</strong>: indicates that successful CLEANCONNECTION operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li165191345101515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b826717032714">prepare</strong>: indicates that successful PREPARE, EXECUTE, and DEALLOCATE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1951994518158"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b511464810353">constraints</strong>: indicates that successful CONSTRAINTS operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li3994614162815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b780845817368">cursor</strong>: indicates that successful cursor operations are audited.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p124665913149"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b10236143483813">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1376625711484">login</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b25869194910">logout</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1236444174913">database_process</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b147776164919">user_lock</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1561917493">grant_revoke</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7114111284913">set</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1342120401149">transaction</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b317410481549">cursor</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__note183012316917"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul199421525151"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li139421927158">You are advised to reserve <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1269918541046">transaction</strong>. Otherwise, statements in a transaction will not be audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1794313211155">You are advised to reserve <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b315412914519">cursor</strong>. Otherwise, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1837445905010">SELECT</strong> statements in a cursor will not be audited. To audit the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b12961158245">SELECT</strong> statement within transactions and cursors, retain both transaction and cursor audit items.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li79435217157">The Data Studio client automatically encapsulates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1814419574518">SELECT</strong> statements using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b9145157155">CURSOR</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section16769165201912"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_operation_error</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p18148911105213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b171434116256">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to audit failed operations in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text1271514117251">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Set this parameter as required.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p314815119524"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b258512123913">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p01482119529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b171172313399">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul14148111145212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li121484115527"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1877824153910">none</strong>: indicates that no audit item is configured. If any audit item is configured, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b78771524183919">none</strong> becomes invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li144381578235"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1747345214416">syn_success</strong>: synchronizes the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section19376165411211">audit_operation_exec</a> configuration. To be specific, if the audit of a successful operation is configured, the corresponding failed operation is also audited. Note that even after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b928411919440">syn_success</strong> is configured, you can continue to configure the audit of other failed operations. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2083415132453">audit_operation_exec</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18976201844519">all</strong>, all failed operations are audited. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b14906418459">audit_operation_exec</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b984564264513">none</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b621084874518">syn_success</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b14569155054512">none</strong>, that is, no audit item is configured.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1415183519255"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b157185218465">parse</strong>: indicates that the failed command parsing is audited, including the timeout of waiting for a command execution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li95831218192014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b197241441184812">login</strong>: indicates that failed logins are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1470616942620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b5621548114815">user_lock</strong>: indicates that failed locking and unlocking operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li933817239206"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b181425583484">violation</strong>: indicates that a user's access violation operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li19689410112617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b6811245165512">grant_revoke</strong>: indicates that failed granting and reclaiming of a user's permission are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li11646185916267"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b9973195355613">ddl</strong>: indicates that failed DDL operations are audited. DDL operations are controlled at a fine granularity based on operation objects and configuration of <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc">audit_system_object</a>. Therefore, failed DDL operations of the type specified in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc">audit_system_object</a> will be audited after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b033917569412">ddl</strong> is configured.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li38001650192714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b6741907423">select</strong>: indicates that failed SELECT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1780075015275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b15448154684211">copy</strong>: indicates that failed COPY operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li78008502277"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b421155444213">userfunc</strong>: indicates that failed operations for user-defined functions, stored procedures, and anonymous blocks are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li58001150182712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b58751621431">set</strong>: indicates that failed SET operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li580010501273"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b94596816438">transaction</strong>: indicates that failed transaction operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li17800185032718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b734411141434">vacuum</strong>: indicates that failed VACUUM operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1680014507274"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b10569131914318">analyze</strong>: indicates that failed ANALYZE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li12800250182715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b147231267431">explain</strong>: indicates that failed EXPLAIN operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1480095017278"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b6916163217433">specialfunc</strong>: indicates that failed calls to special functions are audited. Special functions include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1591633234316">pg_terminate_backend</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18916113244316">pg_cancel_backend</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li19800450102715"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b158918181514">insert</strong>: indicates that failed INSERT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li10800135013275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b17294182815515">update</strong>: indicates that failed UPDATE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li118001350142714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b5264174145112">delete</strong>: indicates that failed DELETE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li48001550172719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18901247115120">merge</strong>: indicates that failed MERGE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li13800185019272"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b566985445117">show</strong>: indicates that failed SHOW operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li2800175042713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b166348116525">checkpoint</strong>: indicates that failed CHECKPOINT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li180005012714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1496147155218">barrier</strong>: indicates that failed BARRIER operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li14800850192711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b223651335217">cluster</strong>: indicates that failed CLUSTER operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li38001150142714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b16564172111525">comment</strong>: indicates that failed COMMENT operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li88001050122710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1215215017528">cleanconn</strong>: indicates that failed CLEANCONNECTION operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li969816477282"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b78921358165214">prepare</strong>: indicates that failed PREPARE, EXECUTE, and DEALLOCATE operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li96984472280"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b198587492171">constraints</strong>: indicates that failed CONSTRAINTS operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1869814752816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b950413593174">cursor</strong>: indicates that failed cursor operations are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li25161149182817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b11458207111812">blacklist</strong>: indicates that the blacklist execution failure is audited.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p201491611185210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1195817431481">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b149581843154820">login</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section5565141017201"><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_inner_tool</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p154299124523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1331627134919">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to audit the operations of the internal maintenance tool in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text154291012185216">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p14429141225212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b3608184135011">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p134291612195213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b142401762509">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul194291412145210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l9d2712b9508b40a0bd91db2bfd42d262"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b360711175017">on</strong>: indicates that all operations of the internal maintenance tool are audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li103811034173"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b81211426135012">off</strong>: indicates that all operations of the internal maintenance tool are not audited.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p2824112392011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2051294810506">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b951818483500">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc"></a><a name="s3d7ad19c2a3647669dfa7f39540883bc"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">audit_system_object</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a27e6c908138c4240835a7485eedbaee8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b54161151165810">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text1934542245">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database object. The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text19723527">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database objects include databases, users, schemas, and tables. The operations on the database object can be audited by changing the value of this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p2525314115220"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b15828125964820">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a5f80040109cb4931acd64fb974419f49"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7182378593">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 0 to 4194303</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u9308c85f055a4b7cad21882b3753cb84"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l931248fbfea24b1f842390bd8ed634df"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b105313122593">0</strong> indicates that the function of auditing the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text165386630">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database object can be disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l85dc35dc199342a79307602df70d69c7">Other values indicate that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on a certain or some <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text1064762163">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database objects are audited.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__aa16d9ade42154a55b28c02545068cda5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1272102416591">Value description</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a1c2e2b2ba6ff4790889fb97569a0dfb8">The value of this parameter is calculated by 22 binary bits. The 22 binary bits represent 22 types of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__text241141894">GaussDB(DWS)</span> database objects. If the corresponding binary bit is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b14662331145918">0</strong>, the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on corresponding database objects are not audited. If it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b15667193175913">1</strong>, the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations are audited. For details about the audit content represented by these 22 binary bits, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__t1597f30ea7e346dd979eb1cc3213b343">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a5955b737c7de4157913e77f790ec1d7e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2288539165910">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b132881339115915">12303</strong></p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__t1597f30ea7e346dd979eb1cc3213b343"></a><a name="t1597f30ea7e346dd979eb1cc3213b343"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__t1597f30ea7e346dd979eb1cc3213b343" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Meaning of each value for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b69591543791450">audit_system_object</strong> parameter</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r3475d0ecc6624eaebe6bd5a8f1941e4f"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" id="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a48bd947e8ce3416495b9ac5196226a62"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b84235270619197">Binary Bit</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" id="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a55930734869f4ce28906ff6f35691cba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706191914">Meaning</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" id="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a6f1112db05fa47deb622d551c0a3a3df"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706191933">Value Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__rba75bb46775a45bb82d6240afe7a29d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__aa9ef55d30b5d4330b9829575885cb5ca">Bit 0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ab2296a1347964039830d07c006673c3c">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on databases.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u1d984c57b0e84e02ac37993fb08a7627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l32246c33408e4ac394ea12e4bc68d102"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b21280214491450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l6888fe155c5a410cae63c693a4581285"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b168068228291450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__rfad1fdd8f8094475820202d1f219c88c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a05f2560f308945968420f21c125b6eeb">Bit 1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ac1267e7f94974b078e31ef11114eb291">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on schemas.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u607278c2079d4ceaa238f170f8e55df2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__lb9d9374528974331a40d03ce65c6b31d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b95418428791450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l3ac67d85d2b44fceb23bd6a131c7dede"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b154595457691450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__rb13d998f83b2482688f795644c40fa5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a75670dd52bbf42d3b304b6cbb47f715a">Bit 2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__acc7a59f938134440b2eb7cd4dc96b4fb">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on users.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u181f2bcf4c014169b3607d138c50ebac"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l14106c6211a0478cb0d406d1d31f28c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b4639822391450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__le6c7edfdf0ce4775b7aba230b765a929"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2243710691450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__rdc71bfe9edbf4e6dac85c9a10ffa2558"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a1335f061ab5546af9b50b6b7bb7532b7">Bit 3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a045a476701414991b6e2f87272b2d5da">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, and TRUNCATE operations on tables.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ub20155f40636414c8635410d92cc22f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l22e960b8907e4c58b1cd8783d0e417d6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b84235270616132">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, and TRUNCATE operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l635ad00c9e014a8285e3584048c61287"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706161328">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, and TRUNCATE operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__rbc3ccce0cdce4077816f28a579536fd5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a05f5bfde382c44f2bcd9173ee9eb8a80">Bit 4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a8ef19894880242c9bd68caf60baed6f9">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on indexes.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u074b816efaf34a958abd345c88d7ec3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__lf1049d0918404b47b00de4e30039e1b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b197634368991450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ldb61df36f7de430eab9377c7cab9750a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b75105404791450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r424b5286e90d4e41975c594f3f0b8483"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ae3257264e4fe4b98bb933918214ae3e0">Bit 5</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a969256fe3f0c44f6b194a3a52e45d754">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on views.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u185fc05dbcc4434d92e575d02e34ee5e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l40378ce68bce48d3aea433b082f5f7a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18437003791450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE and DROP operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l8aee4b1c43604d178a5c7bc607135c74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b168239152591450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE and DROP operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r24d34fb3a5dc43b5b42835a4a4ca1127"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a62885348be344ac2acff123515693df4">Bit 6</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a586d0e9e34db4836803524308fdcced1">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on triggers.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u12daa9ec6fca40ccbd2b525a2de85454"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__lf5757b8c40bb444e902ed7a81e5bb63c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b72381790391450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l4ad70deabe0a4cf78c63e2dee6f9a73a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7511191391450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r7a1cb40a13784ca5b43daac6e2fe74f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ac96684bc537d48c7a7a63b8a9fb211fa">Bit 7</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a7b02c4af0748475790103db9d2995195">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on procedures/functions.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u95c07aafa44a4a799bfece938f0efdb6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ld3bfdc7cdb984000a136f61cee2c50b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b159468502791450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ldc6f0528060c4610bb69d8bca02b4751"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b107659254291450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__re86396815659456aa5286570e92a3832"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__adb0e0f903ede4c75945a06407c92632c">Bit 8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ac49e25fc98e5452bbceb5481487afaad">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on tablespaces.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u6be66d3cfab8445bbe645a4b75de5388"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__lb18fc1d211b548959650c16ac16e09b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b52572449491450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l05c145e4acbb466a9a1e9c1e00cfd469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b108822460891450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r20cd704f23de4cd594c2cc90ddebf3c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a97dc6b180a9940d3ab481f22981cd00e">Bit 9</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__affabf57b4d494ea78f30bbe26eff99fe">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on resource pools.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__udd9ee81a8ee245cd92c1a984165f086e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__le62a56af09e64667bf10b7d3b9ff038d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b48162561491450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l108e49f4a2b844a0860d9e1534cde657"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b34184129391450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r807f1af5e20248d0b1ed1b51b920d095"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ab6c9f7636aab4bb9bb6a2465151dcc8f">Bit 10</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a31f7bceb711446e88d973e0f6001ecef">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on workloads.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__u449abbec4c0e4c3692ba3f34ef4a70ac"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l16346709b01b4e928283d9528d353f30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b27820475791450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l32291d461c884def995f8bccd810437a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b52926386391450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__r146f35d8c36b44098895d25ac331a2b7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__abd3c790052ff43a698559d2a8985fb0f">Bit 11</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a941340101f3842a9be602e1b3e1657ed">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on SERVER FOR HADOOP objects.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__udf119a537653426c8dcd32f1432755de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l696c740d89fe4061923b7479c7a9a358"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b40180812691450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l79593c61a08c444fae84612b5a3e6457"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b127403583191450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row18587823135616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p18588723165618">Bit 12</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p8588112385617">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on data sources.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul414819581"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li11168175813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7481118491450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul979823312575"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li280183395710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b86794352091450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row14996171520226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p13997415182219">Bit 13</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p10997171592219">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on Node Groups.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul1984414587225"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li28452582225"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b184702000991450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE and DROP operations on these objects are not audited.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul7846158102211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li4847125816222"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b50977588991450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE and DROP operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row186561926144118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p12658192619413">Bit 14</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p265872613415">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on ROW LEVEL SECURITY objects.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul9841936124412"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li2841173611445"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b63900275491450">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li16915843154411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b153131673091450">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on these objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row4808247102118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1680944712110">Bit 15</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p128093473217">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on types.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul15303111582319"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li13303131562319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b172896416391">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on types are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li9303121515237"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b18427523153914">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on types are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row191581657111714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p777252101717">Bit 16</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p17771252171710">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on text search objects (configurations and dictionaries)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul7781052121710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li19785522172"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b13877813417">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on text search objects are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li207895215171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b0959435174112">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on text search objects are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row9578135522119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p457918556215">Bit 17</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p145791855132118">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on directories.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul87171831122315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li8717531192315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7263752124111">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on directories are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1871783122311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b35297514424">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on directories are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row053923263116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p654063210311">Bit 18</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1054053210315">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on workloads.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul2222131763217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1422291783215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b551107414">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on types are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li32221817123214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b270674134">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on types are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row203721951194513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p18373115134518">Bit 19</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p10373185114459">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on redaction policies.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul16867132164619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li108672216463"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b88041123">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on redaction policies are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li8867132115460"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1264719341885">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on redaction policies are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row1931552811320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p331512863218">Bit 20</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1731592810321">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on sequences.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul1876672411367"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li576612420367"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b174541281122">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on sequences are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li19766102411363"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b172541931417">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on sequences are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__row594422319329"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.23%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p99451023173215">Bit 21</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34.64%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p99451823203219">Whether to audit the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on nodes.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.9.2.4.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul77431225133617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li167431325133612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b4447154111510">0</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on nodes are not audited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li374310254361"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b19371834165">1</strong> indicates that the CREATE, DROP, and ALTER operations on nodes are audited.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__s379a90633cb244f2bfcf9c2ac8e5d04a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enableSeparationOfDuty</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__a9f837910e54d4d44a6c0220ca589d784"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__en-us_topic_0059777487_ac047b77e20f04edd92af9bbc9e4bc485">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the separation of permissions is enabled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p6572192810285"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b3712119493">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ad1630f2e05b34780a1452ac41ea898da"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__en-us_topic_0059777487_a82ee6ba8e01d46ddb5bca0feb3aa932e">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ua5f3a84c03a644a79512e49366f0df56"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__l456e9706acdf40b19132d5598b86b0d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706173031">on</strong> indicates that the separation of permissions is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__lc8c2f043200b447bbe137088383c13e0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706173054">off</strong> indicates that the separation of permissions is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ac651feac904646b1954a16b756f68ed4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b55233292105553">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b842352706172155">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section786062414160"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_grant_option</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1985942416164"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1294821410395">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b148571432204013">with grant option</strong> function can be used in security mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p5859624131617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b32666458408">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1385912410167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b9462114864017">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul28592244161"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1085992471610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b7183175411405">on</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b8807258124012">with grant option</strong> function can be used in security mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li19859424201617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b56048212416">off</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1061118213415">with grant option</strong> function cannot be used in security mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p115361834131617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b142303158413">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b8237181564116">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__section176091434269"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_copy_server_files</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1117122601316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b35011051114617">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the permission to copy server files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p1818114719279"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b19882610495">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p9623175071414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1236506917">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__ul14295181181616"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li15295121191614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b1499616884714">on</strong> indicates that the permission to copy server files is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__li1932411317165"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b2794142011471">off</strong> indicates that the permission to copy server files is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p6286164415156"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b184841439164720">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b13484183916474">true</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__note1880141791611"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__p3801117111610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b01121257155015">COPY FROM</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b10775152175111">TO</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__i779761511">file</em> requires system administrator permissions. However, if the separation of permissions is enabled, system administrator permissions are different from initial user permissions. In this case, you can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b9590165215219">enable_copy_server_file</strong> to control the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098654960__b557519596523">COPY</strong> permission of system administrators to prevent escalation of their permissions.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0937.html">Auditing</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0941.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0941.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01874db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0941.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Transaction Monitoring</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__ae79c20b3d1b54cfb9ad15147316e5711">The automatic rollback transaction can be monitored and its statement problems can be located by setting the transaction timeout warning. In addition, the statements with long execution time can also be monitored.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__sa8b23d679b154038834a15eefb3496f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_sync_naptime</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__afdf9f08da02f40cfb47a58e1602ae37b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__en-us_topic_0085032208_en-us_topic_0059778792_ac3983cf0791d4464b27dfcd8145fb686">Parameter description</strong>: For data consistency, when the local transaction's status differs from that in the snapshot of the GTM, other transactions will be blocked. You need to wait for a few minutes until the transaction status of the local host is consistent with that of the GTM. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b84235270615525">gs_clean</strong> tool is automatically triggered for cleansing when the waiting period on the CN exceeds that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b842352706151518">transaction_sync_naptime</strong>. The tool will shorten the blocking time after it completes the cleansing.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__p12899199443"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b1989412567309">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a0a1797caab76434387ff97d504be4696"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b39086212263">Value range</strong>: an integer. The minimum value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b10509153022717">0</strong>. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a648ba6149b924ec09838efcda3c394c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__en-us_topic_0085032208_b24392200">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__en-us_topic_0085032208_b84235270617237">5s</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__n79769e8c392843e2af7c7c420f9bd8ab"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a7386f02f7a2e429dbcaa64299718af33">If the value of this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b145786460271">0</strong>, gs_clean will not be automatically invoked for the cleansing before the blocking arrives the duration. Instead, the gs_clean tool is invoked by gs_clean_timeout. The default value is 5 minutes.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__s0d780bfc5a5646678297447cd799bd22"><h4 class="sectiontitle">transaction_sync_timeout</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a2b3d86a26c294f5788264a3c8ec548bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__en-us_topic_0059778792_ac35fbd2b626049af9750d8004df9712d">Parameter description</strong>: For data consistency, when the local transaction's status differs from that in the snapshot of the GTM, other transactions will be blocked. You need to wait for a few minutes until the transaction status of the local host is consistent with that of the GTM. An exception is reported when the waiting duration on the CN exceeds the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b842352706154223">transaction_sync_timeout</strong>. Roll back the transaction to avoid system blocking due to long time of process response failures (for example, sync lock).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__p843023714811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b1198513571300">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a6615356aa106475d9324d9e5cee573ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b20112152092815">Value range</strong>: an integer. The minimum value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b101181520162815">0</strong>. The unit is second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__a981eed3fbff04ea4acce815231395754"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b13364462">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b84235270614544">10min</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__nd3e717b325084aa2a1cd84d916cff49d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__ul15287193355218"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__li3287163325213">If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b842352706155138">0</strong>, no error is reported when the blocking times out or the transaction is rolled back.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__li112871333135214">The value of this parameter must be greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b592835074412">gs_clean_timeout</strong>. Otherwise, unnecessary transaction rollback will probably occur due to a block timeout caused by residual transactions that have not been deleted by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098974856__b6928145010446">gs_clean</strong> on a DN.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0945.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0945.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c756d4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0945.html
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Miscellaneous Parameters</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s0fded4d62ed54c94b6d6d111e9b3b7eb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_cluster_resize</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ae5908dee457944949f5967fb4a010379"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_a4529d95100924b3e8a30bddaa332ac21">Parameter description</strong>: If an SQL statement involves tables belonging to different groups, you can enable this parameter to push the execution plan of the statement to improve performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p149848194914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b11256251104916">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a2ab2b2d121004011bcba11d075b620a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_aa1fc9bedad6b4779a216c176c5046dcc">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ua9d8c0ff3f13472191c3ca67e920c311"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ld7b8ad04fd604925b1e288a5383e8de7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706103749">on</strong> indicates the execution plan of the statement can be pushed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l0e6d6cc21f6e476cbb2f7814e84b379f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b15797203610389">off</strong> indicates the execution plan of the statement cannot be pushed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a6d5cfc52a52f47e19fc3c5a605a1f78d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b42645073104244_2">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195053">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note391513091717"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p17915308174">This parameter is used for internal O&amp;M. Do not set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1356771143911">on</strong> unless absolutely necessary.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s36fd0e4d3dab4d7ab24a15165e877d84"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cstore_insert_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a32b0108249d94268886e235489c230b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16689155114201">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the storage location of data to be imported to an HDFS table. This parameter is needed for operations that involve data import, such as INSERT, UPDATE, COPY, and VACUUM FULL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13593145931010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b7245556154911">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a35bda93074e84e078aa762683cdeac06"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059777487_a54344496219b4074ad956d5febb62b4c">Value range</strong>: enumerated values</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul17852132652512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li48523269254"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b048812124237">AUTO</strong>: The major part of imported data is stored in HDFS, and the tail is stored in the delta table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li2085272652515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706105242">DELTA</strong>: All the imported data is stored in the delta table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1985392612510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b84235270610532">MAIN</strong>: All the imported data is stored in HDFS.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a571d36d20acd4e08967fe1925d11c28a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4605672135217_4">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706171854">auto</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note3882229122610"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p106121545152311">You can set other values as the default in the configuration file.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section0283516143315"><h4 class="sectiontitle">remote_read_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p64541214168"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b8108161212291">Parameter description</strong>: When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b073683012274">enable_crc_check</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b610813129296">on</strong> and the data read by the primary DN fails the verification, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b210917127291">remote_read_mode</strong> is used to specify whether to enable remote read and whether to use secure authentication for connection upon the data verification failure. The setting takes effect only after the cluster is restarted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p11013446010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b514725710495">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p796610371166"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10646257145010">Value range</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b251511305118">off</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b182876514">non_authentication</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b19643191114518">authentication</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul123545063315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1735150143313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b038864165211">off</strong>: indicates that the remote read function is disabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li129115214333"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16267101420527">non_authentication</strong>: indicates that the standby DN is connected and data is obtained when non-authentication is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li173081455143316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b14344936185318">authentication</strong>: indicates that the standby DN is connected and data is obtained through authentication. Before restarting the cluster, ensure that a certificate exists in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b134368518542">$GAUSSHOME/share/sslcert/grpc/</strong> directory. Otherwise, the cluster cannot be started.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1892737182312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b764951951211">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2668246559">non_authentication</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s8bf53df890a74d4f965fe0f58ad3ca85"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_upgrade_merge_lock_mode</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a2856039ebd794c688bd68c4735890a21"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b842352706195430">Parameter description</strong>: If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b637250170164027">on</strong>, the delta merge operation internally increases the lock level, and errors can be avoided when update and delete operations are performed at the same time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p442115222533"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b127018586498">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__aabbccaa23ee74b248d5a4d5058bd8bd0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b466774510813">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u2b4543a180ad4ddb93dd9e00df3d8860"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l55b963d7e56546bd97835c44632ee186">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967649_b175332126164021">on</strong>, the delta merge operation internally increases the lock level. In this way, when any two of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b156647084292858">DELTAMERGE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b192680440792858">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b8416614692858">DELETE</strong> operations are concurrently performed, an operation can be performed only after the previous one is complete.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l3af59e51552042f793c0adfdb594b55a">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b120717468692932">off</strong>, and any two of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b109305566492932">DELTAMERGE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b45861486792932">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b125889858692932">DELETE</strong> operations are concurrently performed to data in a row in the delta table of the HDFS table, errors will be reported during the later operation, and the operation will stop.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ac9ebeed42c7a48078b50e92687413a52"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1880211210">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2115060073">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s0442694c0bad43cc844a509bb4e35c92"><h4 class="sectiontitle">job_queue_processes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a497063e038a94b90b9766595021bfc0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270691737">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of jobs that can be concurrently executed. This parameter is a postmaster parameter. You can set it using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270693636">gs_guc</strong>, and you need to restart <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270693812">gaussdb</strong> to make the setting take effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p7926164184414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1824712592493">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a6cbb827a1c4148e6942d0f6c952ded6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_en-us_topic_0058967753_b66499804">Value range</strong>: 0 to 1000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a47918790a4004bd0b703c818e817c95b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706171440">Functions</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ufe664f54755546c5ad8a08c56a2a0f35"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l9a8eb7e2f25e47ee9914685c6e4f79f8">Setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270694029">job_queue_processes</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270694035">0</strong> indicates that the scheduled task function is disabled and that no job will be executed. (Enabling scheduled tasks may affect the system performance. At sites where this function is not required, you are advised to disable it.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l0ce82cab58dd499ca1cd025c94f02dcb">Setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b161033785893659">job_queue_processes</strong> to a value that is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b202213719793659">0</strong> indicates that the scheduled task function is enabled and this value is the maximum number of tasks that can be concurrently processed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_p345709639356">After the scheduled task function is enabled, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1756916185343">job_scheduler</strong> thread at a scheduled interval polls the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270610344">pg_jobs</strong> system catalog. The scheduled task check is performed every second by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_p427032159356">Too many concurrent tasks consume many system resources, so you need to set the number of concurrent tasks to be processed. If the current number of concurrent tasks reaches <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270610226">job_queue_processes</strong> and some of them expire, these tasks will be postponed to the next polling period. Therefore, you are advised to set the polling interval (the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b141016104718431">interval</strong> parameter of the submit interface) based on the execution duration of each task to avoid the problem that tasks in the next polling period cannot be properly processed because overlong task execution time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a9053ca59af6842659297113b7f03ff9e">Note: If the number of parallel jobs is large and the value is too small, these jobs will wait in queues. However, a large parameter value leads to large resource consumption. You are advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b11879427091853">100</strong> and change it based on the system resource condition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__acc823d90efbe4d518dfdf1959589934c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_a69c0ed76f7a6489cbb26a65ec66507af">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706201318">10</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s4e676820997f4234ae5d3c355c905e7e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ngram_gram_size</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a647022da78774ba7a3e9e98ff770b9a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706145043">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the length of the ngram parser segmentation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1216912335537"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b0488115944911">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a3b7bfed6b2de4e1cab833214bff5fd16"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_a1f68b0520df241448235cf649c501dd3">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from 1 to 4</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__aa51895dbdb7f43248e71e7cf1aefd3c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b60432567164116">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b84235270617214">2</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s4544161dae6d4bc4ae45c1ab6e6d9b8e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ngram_grapsymbol_ignore</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a6dd38a96e1814df9ad9e8115d9a18527"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b1714795426145821">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the ngram parser ignores graphical characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p35111740165317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b206451959114917">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a341689c3e4564f40bdc4249d0ba1f55a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b44926266164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u812634179f4246b58fa1ca53ec16fd2b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__le3d1cc04879844a6bd91e8fbd204cbd1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a38cf9696df00460091355a9787b85f2d">on</strong>: Ignores graphical characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l29f7fef9ed694f7b8d696eb515b3548c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a6dd38afd340948da948bf1a237d8628c">off</strong>: Does not ignore graphical characters.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a9978946dd30448b489f7daf914dd2c7b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b57149268104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b44581368104838">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s91f97979a62941a6aabcd7be22e87b1b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ngram_punctuation_ignore</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__af2219d636f994605965d603f4899e295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b25816034104838">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the ngram parser ignores punctuations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15340749135313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13830175924914">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ab431647b3d944d94bb8d71e0fbb495e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b20556540164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u9da355dcc7e646158ed4863a8754a622"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__le3598f8155d8410bb3e4a18075eb5e54"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270615011">on</strong>: Ignores punctuations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__la789482128194478a433ed9418329599"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a82cf1dbee91f464bb07b7c723ffe2d8c">off</strong>: Does not ignore punctuations.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a09ada4fa67c5435b9b256d3bc6492356"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b50347420104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706154337">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s08a2d3907b5a46bd98f322e9c3c1db56"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_dict_in_memory</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__aeb7b8922f59f432482a2f518d840bfe5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270615127">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser adds a dictionary to memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p78461516161616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b41390155013">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a893b1cb5c0fb4aaaacde188d95a2ecfb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b7002277164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ud70efa4ce0b347d6bf020e2bfebd8543"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l40cf334bad01482bb484414d7439e4aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__adb840f445451490599bc07c26fb34f4d">on</strong>: Adds the dictionary to memory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_li21209881710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270615629">off</strong>: Does not add the dictionary to memory.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__aa23a2a8385e54253aa425db809a50eeb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b6279428104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b56514852104838">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__scc473fb1be14410e8c9c80a6630b9c9b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_multi_duality</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a9e820f8ba824420aaa8255b23d9299e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0085032935_en-us_topic_0059778487_b21126121164652">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser aggregates segments in long words with duality.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p18402171519137"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b63561708502">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_p29284164116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b263561164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u2b1e268f44d7497ebcbc2e441009d0e5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l31c6615f1e6a43df9071c11c1a5f59ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706151932">on</strong>: Aggregates segments in long words with duality.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l7e9f5d488e154ee098ffed20ed408dbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b56108910104838">off</strong>: Does not aggregate segments in long words with duality.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a430967350a3a4e50ad0519932a57fa18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b39032958104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15752303104838">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__saef1b85192c54a2ebc7313daa8b29c94"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_multi_short</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a877078cd084d41a1b636eaa95faec23d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0085032935_en-us_topic_0059778487_b6386695617335">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser executes long words composite divide.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p632382751313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18550130115010">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__abf42e6f3d9c345479a099004f5b8a3fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b30990495164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ue7eddf4f858d42418f8fa278c3acb1cb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l0b5824f107734a11a7f4cde72cf24504"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706152029">on</strong>: Performs compound segmentation for long words.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__le896cbe381f04f849ee917045d440af6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706152046">off</strong>: Does not perform compound segmentation for long words.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a0d5ef4ebbc2847dab90c9d6f201afbc5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b61542225104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b17009121104838">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__sa76de64bbeb5480880025c4cec598462"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_multi_zall</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ac3bdd66ba1104367941050a6afd5d424"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0085032935_en-us_topic_0059778487_b1346442217511">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser displays all single words individually.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p8381113520134"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b12785190145017">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a64a22988c85740eab5bd4a58d0729429"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b59741695164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__udb5591317c3940feaae4f924dc46b686"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l84756c28ad1e453f94fd22bfbdf1d72d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706152632">on</strong>: Displays all single words separately.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__lc3e67384536844eaa07f5298d29bbf6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706152718">off</strong>: Does not display all single words separately.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ab0b45da7db6344c4a2cb7f1c45778e7e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b66678085104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b63231859104838">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__s54302d6b9cdc464883ab4b438fa0778d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_multi_zmain</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a377eab3543f84d19abcac1b35e40e44b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b23232995104838">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser displays important single words separately.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p197784426136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10131212506">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a003cc69d8bcd48ddbea295ae49e383ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b42660784164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u7073e353fa7a41d882be35029fd1b82e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__lca3d352acf974d109c10589eb6a96c76"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b52669917104838">on</strong>: Displays important single words separately.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l3b54fed1126f452dae86d17806f1e58c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b47779347104838">off</strong>: Does not display important single words separately.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a3c713aacaf134259bba2867191e15279"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b48144985104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b30651685104838">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__sa8182c3c3b9a42e4b0cabfbce51854e8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_punctuation_ignore</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ab8ae05b508a444b0892e8cc28dcc048c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0085032935_en-us_topic_0059778487_b2661133917518">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether the Zhparser segmentation result ignores special characters including punctuations (\r and \n will not be ignored).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p12899105091316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b11205141185018">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a21349b6307a94019b3ead21edb26d28d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b40621983164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u73f7fcf0d4ab486ea71e5311723bd4c8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__lc32cfaee126243dbb5ab4208c9a01ee6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b842352706153456">on</strong>: Ignores all the special characters including punctuations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__le3ed8bbb11b94720a49ab4e18312e445"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b84235270615346">off</strong>: Does not ignore all the special characters including punctuations.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a5fa30af929744c64a6eac16861eaaa32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4365965104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b39293686104838">on</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__sfcf3713397ba4ceebadf55d0f0d55770"><h4 class="sectiontitle">zhparser_seg_with_duality</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a325441addef24045abec1427432219cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b56002691165129">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether Zhparser aggregates segments in long words with duality.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13126127191411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1636861135016">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a152bd89ca3144238b0675cca1fbdcbd0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778487_b55537011164116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__u813d0d484cbd436391de302d3774c53d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__l87dd2c17a040433786e48814f792920f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706153610">on</strong>: Aggregates segments in long words with duality.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__lac675355e3ea4265b0608b4c8160c780"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706151932">off</strong>: Does not aggregate segments in long words with duality.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__a496854425d8545198267662ddac16e42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1331619901103619">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1236838594103619">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section13787157164412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section13787157164412"></a><a name="section13787157164412"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">acceleration_with_compute_pool</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p10975810114419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706173719">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to use the computing resource pool for acceleration when OBS is queried.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p314317151418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15559316506">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p199781410174410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b29285174104838">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul13981101018449"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li18983010184412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706174034">on</strong> indicates that the query covering OBS is accelerated based on the cost when the computing resource pool is available.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li09851110114414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b842352706174440">off</strong> indicates that no query is accelerated using the computing resource pool.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16987310154415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13450398104838">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b53944722104838">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section1980124735516"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section1980124735516"></a><a name="section1980124735516"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">behavior_compat_options</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13165133175914"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b11165173205911">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies database compatibility behavior. Multiple items are separated by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15381657181413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b870418215014">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1321515556296"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059779078_a2822ffdf039142ba9b5ab15e397e5521">Value range</strong>: a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p395112115114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18323194314524">Default value</strong>: In upgrade scenarios, the default value of this parameter is the same as that in the cluster before the upgrade. When a new cluster is installed, the default value of this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b126381454185413">check_function_conflicts</strong> to prevent serious problems caused by incorrect function attributes defined by users.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__n1b4fe0be7f3940b0ac755e711dc456d7"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul8436164984013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li66662166472">Currently, only <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__table182861153114812">Table 1</a> is supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li73919863014">Multiple items are separated by commas (,), for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4501102601713">set behavior_compat_options='end_month_calculate,display_leading_zero';</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li117418359161"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b99860010581">strict_concat_functions</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b138371358586">strict_text_concat_td</strong> are mutually exclusive.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__table182861153114812"></a><a name="table182861153114812"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__table182861153114812" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Compatibility configuration items</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1128619535483"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p192861053194814">Configuration Item</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" id="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p10286553144814">Behavior</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p178834429141">Applicable Compatibility Mode</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row2028605318483"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p152861153174819">display_leading_zero</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p192848725515">Specifies how floating point numbers are displayed.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul11299194763811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li3299204710383">If this item is not specified, for a decimal number between -1 and 1, the 0 before the decimal point is not displayed. For example, 0.25 is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b7810735171710">.25</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li92991747133819">If this item is specified, for a decimal number between -1 and 1, the 0 before the decimal point is displayed. For example, 0.25 is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1771915399179">0.25</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1488364210146">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p12331564155">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row14286165319484"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15286253134812">end_month_calculate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p12991318145719">Specifies the calculation logic of the add_months function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p43715241715">Assume that the two parameters of the add_months function are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b815658115018">param1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b22195885016">param2</strong>, and that the sum of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b121135816503">param1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b921205835011">param2</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b321058105018">result</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul69601452123815"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li6960552203818">If this item is not specified, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b783211493177">Day</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18331749161711">param1</strong> indicates the last day of a month shorter than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b983444917176">result</strong>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b58348493177">Day</strong> in the calculation result will equal that in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1583515494177">param1</strong>. For example:</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen568916248386"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2018-02-28'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">add_months</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2018</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul165115579383"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1365110578389">If this item is specified, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b54101855201716">Day</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13411255101713">param1</strong> indicates the last day of a month shorter than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b741255519172">result</strong>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b24121055111715">Day</strong> in the calculation result will equal that in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18412105519174">result</strong>. For example:</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen45031931103816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2018-02-28'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">add_months</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2018</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p688311420141">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p108501718171617">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row528635394812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p128618539487">compat_analyze_sample</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p828635304814">Specifies the sampling behavior of the ANALYZE operation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p108691828173114">If this item is specified, the sample collected by the ANALYZE operation will be limited to around 30,000 records, controlling CN memory consumption and maintaining the stability of ANALYZE.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1288314213141">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16314015165">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p423764414166">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row84793168551"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p7480171620559">bind_schema_tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p7391102013556">Binds a schema with the tablespace with the same name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p164801516195514">If a tablespace name is the same as <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__i202999218261">sche_name</em>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13316145810260">default_tablespace</strong> will also be set to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__i16811828102713">sche_name</em> if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1755593632616">search_path</strong> is set to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__i118294117269">sche_name</em>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p188311421147">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1765425551711">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p465495561712">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row104641129185511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p4465122914550">bind_procedure_searchpath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p195111830125718">Specifies the search path of the database object for which no schema name is specified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p12261948214">If no schema name is specified for a stored procedure, the search is performed in the schema to which the stored procedure belongs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p716129629">If the stored procedure is not found, the following operations are performed:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul7861812102420"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li78617127245">If this item is not specified, the system reports an error and exits.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li3861512172411">If this item is specified, the search continues based on the settings of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b380018437321">search_path</strong>. If the issue persists, the system reports an error and exits.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p12884144214149">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1991386171813">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p19132631815">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row24411166214"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p20442166924">correct_to_number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13214155316919">Controls the compatibility of the to_number() result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p104421662219">If this item is specified, the result of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b17289724193611">to_number()</strong> function is the same as that of PG11. Otherwise, the result is the same as that of Oracle.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p7884124271420">ORA</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row789175471518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1289114540156">unbind_divide_bound</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p88921554101510">Controls the range check on the result of integer division.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul9514164310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li3517174310">If this item is not specified, the division result is checked. If the result is out of the range, an error is reported. In the following example, an out-of-range error is reported because the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4155131145418">INT_MIN/(-1)</strong> is greater than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16187155185411">INT_MAX</strong>.</li></ul>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen1936029103116"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text11937172915317"></span>SELECT (-2147483648)::int / (-1)::int;
+ERROR:  integer out of range</pre>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul17302829104411"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1330218293449">If this item is specified, the range of the division result does not need to be checked. In the following example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b12657847161412">INT_MIN/(-1)</strong> can be used to obtain the output result <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b174501719181513">INT_MAX+1</strong>.</li></ul>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen1937929113113"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text15937162923118"></span>SELECT (-2147483648)::int / (-1)::int;
+  ?column?
+------------
+ 2147483648
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p988484219143">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p9235131141810">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row482471810177"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p188261018181719">merge_update_multi</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1182614187179">Performs an update if multiple rows are matched for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b829620296439">MERGE INTO</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p185787144214">If this item is specified, no error is reported if multiple rows are matched. Otherwise, an error is reported (same as Oracle).</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1488464241416">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p159815419181">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row648032118477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16481102116476">return_null_string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p162371248164218">Specifies how to display the empty result (empty string '') of the lpad(), rpad(), repeat(), regexp_split_to_table(), and split_part() functions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul828544001313"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li14484281466">If this item is not specified, the empty string is displayed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b88968202116">NULL</strong>.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen17865171482915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul75590181418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li8559201191418">If this item is specified, the empty string is displayed as single quotation marks ('').</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen104295208294"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p388464271415">ORA</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1255211543476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p19552125434713">compat_concat_variadic</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15521954134717">Specifies the compatibility of variadic results of the concat() and concat_ws() functions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1060812139425">If this item is specified and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b133202617118">concat</strong> function has a parameter of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4979104185120">variadic</strong> type, different result formats in Oracle and Teradata are retained. If this item is not specified and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b737264118">concat</strong> function has a parameter of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13511649125112">variadic</strong> type, the result format of Oracle is retained for both Oracle and Teradata.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p188847426140">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p2070219931916">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row354815251562"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p145489251764">convert_string_digit_to_numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p65481251568">Specifies the type casting priority for binary BOOL operations on the CHAR type and INT type.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul6547658121018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li95471758101014">If this item is not specified, the type casting priority is the same as that of PG9.6.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li75397325428">After this item is configured, all binary BOOL operations of the CHAR type and INT type are forcibly converted to the NUMERIC type for computation.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p05641332427"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li75397325428"></a><a name="li75397325428"></a>After this configuration item is set, the CHAR types that are affected include BPCHAR, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR2, and TEXT, and the INT types that are affected include INT1, INT2, INT4, and INT8.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note739001353612"><span class="cautiontitle"> CAUTION: </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p193901413163619">This configuration item is valid only for binary BOOL operation, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1075775615583">INT2&gt;TEXT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b43281279594">INT4=BPCHAR</strong>. Non-BOOL operation is not affected. This configuration item does not support conversion of UNKNOWN operations such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1365915110013">INT&gt;'1.1'</strong>. After this configuration item is enabled, all BOOL operations of the CHAR and INT types are preferred to be converted to the NUMERIC type for computation, which affects the computation performance of the database. When the JOIN column is a combination of affected types, the execution plan is affected.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p192122911919">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p208842421146">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p165239353213">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row39091152163412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p053818873311">check_function_conflicts</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1053811811336">Controls the check of the custom <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16843122618437">plpgsql/SQL</strong> function attributes.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul412081553417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li171208151345">If this parameter is not specified, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b939962874412">IMMUTABLE/STABLE/VOLATILE</strong> attributes of a custom function are not checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li20102194924016">If this parameter is specified, the IMMUTABLE attribute of a custom function is checked. If the function contains a table or the STABLE/VOLATILE function, an error is reported during the function execution. In a custom function, a table or the STABLE/VOLATILE function conflicts with the IMMUTABLE attribute, thus function behaviors are not IMMUTABLE in this case.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p17816175118402">For example, when this parameter is specified, an error is reported in the following scenarios:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen2082242254018"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text07891442104016"></span>CREATE OR replace FUNCTION sql_immutable (INTEGER)
+RETURNS INTEGER AS 'SELECT a+$1 from shipping_schema.t4 where a=1;'
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE
+RETURNS NULL
+ON NULL INPUT;
+select sql_immutable(1);
+ERROR:  IMMUTABLE function cannot contain SQL statements with relation or Non-IMMUTABLE function.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "sql_immutable" during startup
+referenced column: sql_immutable</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p988464241420">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p775273951912">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16600134241917">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row7925175463114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1044110536318">varray_verification</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p116759441535">Indicates whether to verify the array length and array type length. Compatible with <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text1104785342">GaussDB(DWS)</span> versions earlier than 8.1.0.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p8616109164116">If this parameter is specified, the array length and array type length are not verified.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen29944493612">Scenario 1
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text699420493618"></span>CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE varray_verification 
+AS 
+    TYPE org_varray_type IS varray(5) OF VARCHAR2(2); 
+    v_org_varray org_varray_type; 
+BEGIN 
+    v_org_varray(1) := '111'; --If the value exceeds the limit of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b0433240144113">VARCHAR2(2)</strong>, the setting will be consistent with that in the historical version and no verification is performed after configuring this option.
+END; 
+/ 
+Scenario 2
+ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE varray_verification_i3_1 
+AS 
+    TYPE org_varray_type IS varray(2) OF NUMBER(2); 
+    v_org_varray org_varray_type; 
+BEGIN 
+    v_org_varray(3) := 1; --If the value exceeds the limit of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b163378574617">varray(2)</strong> specified for array length, the setting will be consistent with that in the historical version and no verification is performed after configuring this option.
+END; 
+/ </pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16884144281417">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p450865911198">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row746022743612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p846142733618">strict_concat_functions</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p184611627133610">Indicates whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b35982510472">textanycat()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b121572974713">anytextcat()</strong> functions are compatible with the return value if there are null parameters. This parameter and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b46752411118">strict_text_concat_td</strong> are mutually exclusive.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p88621241164419">In MySQL-compatible mode, this parameter has no impact.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul17149104004220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li106593343532">If this configuration item is not specified, the returned values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13267114714481">textanycat()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18208185117488">anytextcat()</strong> functions are the same as those in the Oracle database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li614914012424">When this configuration item is specified, if there are null parameters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1353019935019">textanycat()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b376281318503">anytextcat()</strong> functions, the returned value is also null. Different result formats in Oracle and Teradata are retained.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p208515481577">If this configuration item is not specified, the returned values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b169441425195320">textanycat()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5944202519536">anytextcat()</strong> functions are the same as those in the Oracle database.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen19952121214019"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text64971081137"></span>SELECT textanycat('gauss', cast(NULL as BOOLEAN));
+ textanycat
+------------
+ gauss
+(1 row)
+
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text1159619121316"></span>SELECT 'gauss' || cast(NULL as BOOLEAN); -- In this case, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1678716913544">||</strong> operator is converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2221162535419">textanycat</strong> function.
+ ?column?
+----------
+ gauss
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p742531014020">When setting this configuration item, retain the results that are different from those in Oracle and Teradata:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen027920589614"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text20687121816318"></span>SELECT textanycat('gauss', cast(NULL as BOOLEAN));
+ textanycat
+------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text19541759195414"></span>SELECT 'gauss' || cast(NULL as BOOLEAN); -- In this case, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15954659175411">||</strong> operator is converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b39540590547">textanycat</strong> function.
+ ?column?
+----------
+
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p0884642131416">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p19748216202015">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1911016291135"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p101111229181318">strict_text_concat_td</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15533514132">In Teradata compatible mode, whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b59466391833">textcat()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b469774317112">textanycat()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b469710433115">anytextcat()</strong> functions are compatible with the return value if there are null parameters. This parameter and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1029134520117">strict_concat_functions</strong> are mutually exclusive.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul1597911188145"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li149790185149">If this parameter is not specified, the return values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b3337133110416">textcat()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13926348410">textanycat()</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16449143814416">anytextcat()</strong> functions in Teradata-compatible mode are the same as those in GaussDB(DWS).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li61241325101411">When this parameter is specified, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13513121789">textcat()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5987424380">textanycat()</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b203061293817">anytextcat()</strong> functions contain any null parameter values, the return value is null in the Teradata-compatible mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p155314511137">If this parameter is not specified, the returned values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1935614538912">textcat()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18603926770">textanycat()</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b86045261773">anytextcat()</strong> functions are the same as those in the GaussDB(DWS).</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen1971164611381">td_data_compatible_db=# SELECT textcat('abc', NULL);
+textcat
+---------
+abc
+(1 row)</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen19291174163814">td_data_compatible_db=# SELECT 'abc' || NULL; -- In this case, the operator || is converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18035595102">textcat()</strong> function.
+?column?
+----------
+abc
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p85418517138">When this parameter is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b165283518112">NULL</strong> is returned if any of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15558356181116">textcat()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1186015914111">textanycat()</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b568412415125">anytextcat()</strong> functions returns a null value.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen15394193163818">td_data_compatible_db=# SELECT textcat('abc', NULL);
+textcat
+---------
+
+(1 row)</pre>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen85011817133811">td_data_compatible_db=# SELECT 'abc' || NULL;
+?column?
+----------
+
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1788474271419">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row5836132815209"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p168361428182019">compat_display_ref_table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1228215413442">Sets the column display format in the view.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul9774202613394"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li33151274444">If this parameter is not specified, the prefix is used by default, in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b155914291359">tab.col</strong> format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1677418264393">Specify this parameter to the same original definition. It is displayed only when the original definition contains a prefix.</li></ul>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen4728155371718"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text87841153141719"></span>SET behavior_compat_options='compat_display_ref_table';
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text13787125391714"></span>CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest2 AS SELECT a.c1, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15787105351717">c2</strong>, a.c3, 0 AS c4 FROM viewtest_tbl a;
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text1578875318172"></span>SELECT pg_get_viewdef('viewtest2');
+pg_get_viewdef
+-----------------------------------------------------
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__text2788553171718"></span>SELECT a.c1, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b137881953171711">c2</strong>, a.c3, 0 AS c4 FROM viewtest_tbl a;
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1788417423147">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p115131931132014">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row10566144131"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p16578144138">para_support_set_func</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p106792026132819">Whether the input parameters of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b169381925175820">COALESCE()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b236082812588">NVL()</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1863233025820">GREATEST()</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16901113235820">LEAST()</strong> functions in a column-store table support multiple result set expressions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul27511328202814"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li0751162872820">If this item is not specified and the input parameter contains multiple result set expressions, an error is reported, indicating that the function is not supported.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen11972151615132"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_ext2_tb1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">valued</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">called</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cannot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">accept</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul15972816121317"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li12972111671315">When this configuration item is specified, the function input parameter can contain multiple result set expressions.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen897241613137"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_ext2_tb1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p2088464211416">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1126518432201">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row138715183612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p687141816613">disable_select_truncate_parallel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p121471130144216">Controls the DDL lock level such as TRUNCATE in a partitioned table.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul1998332402"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li2937113774215">If this item is specified, the concurrent execution of TRUNCATE and DML operations (such as SELECT) on different partitions is forbidden, and the fast query shipping (FQS) of the SELECT operation on the partitioned table is allowed. You can set this parameter in the OLTP database, where there are many simple queries on partitioned tables, and there is no requirement for concurrent TRUNCATE and DML operations on different partitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li16992338403">If this item is not specified, SELECT and TRUNCATE operations can be concurrently performed on different partitions in a partitioned table, and the FQS of the partitioned table is disabled to avoid possible inconsistency.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p88841242171420">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p784955318206">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p185565713206">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row128641132102018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p148656325208">bpchar_text_without_rtrim</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p46011656154113">In Teradata-compatible mode, controls the space to be retained on the right during the character conversion from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b54521313162915">bpchar</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16453013182915">text</strong>. If the actual length is less than the length specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b144551713202918">bpchar</strong>, spaces are added to the value to be compatible with the Teradata style of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b745681322916">bpchar</strong> character string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p171346597418">Currently, ignoring spaces at the end of a string for comparison is not supported. If the concatenated string contains spaces at the end, the comparison is space-sensitive.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p2865183213202">The following is an example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen1724953632916">td_compatibility_basic_db=# select length('a'::char(10)::text);
+length
+--------
+10
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_basic_db=# select length('a'||'a'::char(10));
+length
+--------
+11
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p78841442141420">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1556311281443"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p155641828246">convert_empty_str_to_null_td</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p756402817415">In Teradata-compatible mode, controls the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1308194803312">to_date</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1679119514334">to_timestamp</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10476185420335">to_number</strong> type conversion functions to return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5884210338">null</strong> when they encounter empty strings, and controls the format of the return value when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b121863149409">to_char</strong> function encounters an input parameter of the date type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1221642572614">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15928103421418">If this parameter is not specified:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen17963227543">td_compatibility_db=# select to_number('');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_date('');
+ERROR:  the format is not correct
+DETAIL:  invalid date length "0", must between 8 and 10.
+CONTEXT:  referenced column: to_date
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_timestamp('');
+      to_timestamp
+------------------------
+ 0001-01-01 00:00:00 BC
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_char(date '2020-11-16');
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 2020-11-16 00:00:00+08
+(1 row)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p2441121814548">If this parameter is specified, and parameters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1990214504472">to_number</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2847175316471">to_date</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b458718584818">to_timestamp</strong> functions contain empty strings:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen6912231378">td_compatibility_db=# select to_number('');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_date('');
+ to_date 
+---------
+
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_timestamp('');
+ to_timestamp
+--------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+td_compatibility_db=# select to_char(date '2020-11-16');
+  to_char   
+------------
+ 2020/11/16
+(1 row)</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p58841942181418">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1842115242357"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1596318916134">disable_case_specific</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1596419910135">Determines whether to ignore case sensitivity during character type match. This parameter is valid only in Teradata-compatible mode.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul13781258122112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li13781195882116">If this item is not specified, characters are case sensitive during character type match.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1283520399225">If this item is specified, characters are case insensitive during character type match.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1335975242520">After being specified, this item will affect five character types (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1619315413397">CHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b199631442103917">TEXT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b22261344173913">BPCHAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1239154833915">VARCHAR</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4556154913918">NVARCHAR</strong>), 12 operators (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b138521818173917">&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b163303208391">&gt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b6620142118398">=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b57558232391">&gt;=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b35021225153911">&lt;=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1843152713913">!=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1568432918395">&lt;&gt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1938733173918">!=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b7763193223911">like</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15668835173911">not like</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15573737103916">in</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b867014391393">not in</strong>), and expressions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b14721139203913">case when</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b016021413390">decode</strong>.</p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note17794618133816"><span class="cautiontitle"> CAUTION: </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p0794181819384">After this item is enabled, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b568219289408">UPPER</strong> function is added before the character type, which affects the estimation logic. Therefore, an enhanced estimation model is required. (Suggested settings: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b179119814115">cost_param=16</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b3995413134111">cost_model_version = 1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16168170413">join_num_distinct=-20</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b89015295414">qual_num_distinct=200</strong>)</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p15884134201411">TD</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row11741340124816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p574174064816">enable_interval_to_text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p14704165931714">Controls the implicit conversion from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1988353724720">interval</strong> type to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1426104317477">text</strong> type.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul9761039187"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li5771939189">When this option is enabled, the implicit conversion from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b245985513477">interval</strong> type to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5865135874716">text</strong> type is supported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen711802005214">SELECT TO_DATE('20200923', 'yyyymmdd') - TO_DATE('20200920', 'yyyymmdd') = '3'::text;
+?column?
+----------
+f
+(1 row)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1351858151812">When this option is disabled, the implicit conversion from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1051112117489">interval</strong> type to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b35761324204811">text</strong> type is not supported.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__screen1053048151810">SELECT TO_DATE('20200923', 'yyyymmdd') - TO_DATE('20200920', 'yyyymmdd') = '3'::text;
+?column?
+----------
+t
+(1 row)</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1741440174814">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1010802816555">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p8444132919557">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__row1882711191410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1282812118149">light_object_mtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p10828151181414">Specifies whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10335164065711">mtime</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10782145312579">pg_object</strong> system catalog records object operations.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul4791154616244"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li179110464245">If this parameter is configured, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b954861965810">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b12956122316587">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4861102635812">TRUNCATE</strong> operations are not recorded by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b6284125475819">mtime</strong>, that is, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1343618719012">mtime</strong> column is not updated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li352920498245">If this parameter is not configured (by default), the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b543141815">ALTER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b76701461019">COMMENT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b119381031112">GRANT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1693813315117">REVOKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b993810311517">TRUNCATE</strong> operations are recorded by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10938183115114">mtime</strong>, that is, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2938163114119">mtime</strong> column is updated.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.17.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p582814115143">ORA</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1191619155240">TD</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p135317192245">MySQL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section174079331456"><h4 class="sectiontitle">table_skewness_warning_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1595016610473"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5711028161119">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the threshold for triggering a table skew alarm.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1215324024119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b112871636501">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p940773318456"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b41277322111">Value range</strong>: a floating point number ranging from 0 to 1</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p9407173318455"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1567223313119">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1167318334115">1</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section816564619464"><h4 class="sectiontitle">table_skewness_warning_rows</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p487310812471"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b4882101416128">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the minimum number of rows for triggering a table skew alarm.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p713494214147"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b12493113195010">Type</strong>: SUSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p81651946184613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0059778564_en-us_topic_0058967768_b54205967">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b099810385338">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b91101842193319">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1716524624611"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1245149886">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b46501319151218">100000</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section19310571892"><h4 class="sectiontitle">max_cache_partition_num</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p46701417102011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1661321312555">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies the number of memory-saving partitions in column-store mode during redistribution after scale-out. If the number of partitions exceeds the upper limit, the earliest cached partition is directly written to the column-store file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p103111771994"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b14566194675519">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p990611132135"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b8894185413571">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b15818145965710">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18599972586">32767</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul362262981310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li10622162910136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13703155514554">0</strong> indicates that the memory-saving mode is disabled in column storage.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li129521233141311">Values from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13936220135815">1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b14413245582">32767</strong> indicate the maximum number of partitions that can be cached in a partitioned table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p9311147494"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1672919055910">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1272930105913">0</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note214319365148"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p182861044161411">This parameter is used for redistribution during scale-out. A proper value can reduce the memory consumption during redistribution of a partitioned column-store table. However, tables with unbalanced data distribution in some partitions may generate a large number of small CUs after the redistribution. If there are a large number of small CUs, execute the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b138492586010">VACUUM FULL</strong> statement to merge them.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section7930426155719"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_prevent_job_task_startup</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13703202315582"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b441352610485">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to prevent the thread startup of scheduled jobs. This is an internal parameter. You are not advised to change the value of this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1436651471412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b430812625015">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1560512351118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1300065938">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul206512491713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li46513493119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1787151495010">on</strong>: Threads of scheduled jobs will not be started.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li165011315417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b8461119185015">off</strong>: Threads of scheduled jobs will be started.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1452751216516"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b131867531557">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b171871253158">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note14825118404"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p134825154018">Set this parameter only on CNs.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section340716426103"><h4 class="sectiontitle">auto_process_residualfile</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p147295514107"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b18278173913518">Parameter description</strong>: Specifies whether to enable the residual file recording function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p167325516103"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b431095523513">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p2073195516100"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b74963564356">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul573135541016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li2074125511102"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1031144123613">on</strong> indicates that the residual file recording function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li13744551101"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1471291053611">off</strong> indicates that the residual file recording function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p674155520101"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b10963823143610">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b29681123103618">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section595114015017"><h4 class="sectiontitle">enable_view_update</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1096134015012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b188201841105110">Parameter description</strong>: Enables the view update function or not.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p6961140125018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b6153754135116">Type</strong>: POSTMASTER</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p129614403502"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1152256205116">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul5961540105011"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li1496840145010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b2484175916511">on</strong> indicates that the view update function is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li6961940195011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1333214115213">off</strong> indicates that the view update function is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p11962040125013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1032111615214">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b33267615522">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section8167104693414"><h4 class="sectiontitle">view_independent</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p13167546103414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1991181685217">Parameter description</strong>: Decouples views from tables, functions, and synonyms or not. After the base table is restored, automatic association and re-creation are supported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p916754614346"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1415213323525">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p18167194619343"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b8336153311528">Value range</strong>: Boolean</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__ul161671446163410"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li20167946173411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b5389637155219">on</strong> indicates that the view decoupling function is enabled. Tables, functions, synonyms, and other views on which views depend can be deleted separately (except temporary tables and temporary views). Associated views are reserved but unavailable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__li616764619344"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b52255412527">off</strong> indicates that the view decoupling function is disabled. Tables, functions, synonyms, and other views on which views depend cannot be deleted separately. You can only delete them in the cascade mode.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p816774616341"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b76943155315">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b157043116535">off</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section15575141514296"><h4 class="sectiontitle">bulkload_report_threshold</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p257918489298"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b14584124124814">Parameter description</strong>: Sets the threshold for reporting import and export statistics.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1255515211301"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b16427113194816">Type</strong>: SIGHUP</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p589147183010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b13181804813">Value range</strong>: an integer ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b282405320336">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b152011156103315">INT_MAX</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p137783259506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__en-us_topic_0058967612_b1551330">Default value</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b84235270616249">50</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__section7911451155615"><h4 class="sectiontitle">assign_abort_xid</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p18424204185714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b11465101904310">Parameter description</strong>: Determines the transaction to be aborted based on the specified XID in a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p17424646573"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b1862173464319">Type</strong>: USERSET</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1742414413577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__b102026494473">Value range</strong>: a character string with the specified XID</p>
+<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__note85011588571"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099134808__p1650258205716">This parameter is used only for quick restoration if a user deletes data by mistake (DELETE operation). Do not use this parameter in other scenarios. Otherwise, visible transaction errors may occur.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Glossary</h1>
+<div id="body8662426">
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__tf111556fa5884fddaa31d9c4e9bb5ade" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r6bcdbc15dc8c46e2b87e385ae4fa4b0c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" id="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a59038b017f30404d97bc086948e3d1c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__en-us_topic_0085413843_en-us_topic_0059777370_b461939599138">Term</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" id="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a64876a6a77ad47baa395f8975113dd48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__en-us_topic_0085413843_en-us_topic_0059777370_b538554999138">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r9a8d9e967eb9403f91b72c412f554863"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a56236c0b18a94dd6838d1c4b69893868"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae188c9ccbfd6433f91769a1895b002bf">A – E</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r9aa9b21b50e841a3bda716997c025053"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a189ef6aafd8443dbb6d2d1fed8461b61">ACID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a4a02c858c6754d8ca7970c9e29fd30b3">Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID). These are a set of properties of database transactions in a DBMS.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rbbc4b4fe72e14011874f6ef31c12e320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab9623e3adae843c2b9cbb6ad1edd5c99">cluster ring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a42d64b2c23864c2e992e4e621b8a1e47">A cluster ring consists of several physical servers. The primary-standby-secondary relationships among its DNs do not involve external DNs. That is, none of the primary, standby, or secondary counterparts of DNs belonging to the ring are deployed in other rings. A ring is the smallest unit used for scaling.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3bfaaf92d1e14c2e8f181cbe89728d9d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__adb2a198e18e64fa8b1a59d5ead5d4089">Bgwriter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a52b45c8b4adf451db96679abe2923986">A background write thread created when the database starts. The thread pushes dirty pages in the database to a permanent device (such as a disk).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r2d333940f857407e9fea32c5d0e602fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a3c8183bf89f84ef69d82a7fbf59e9c92">bit</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aed68a0034be341499ef51286f9b9ed76">The smallest unit of information handled by a computer. One bit is expressed as a 1 or a 0 in a binary numeral, or as a true or a false logical condition. A bit is physically represented by an element such as high or low voltage at one point in a circuit, or a small spot on a disk that is magnetized in one way or the other. A single bit conveys little information a human would consider meaningful. A group of eight bits, however, makes up a byte, which can be used to represent many types of information, such as a letter of the alphabet, a decimal digit, or other character.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row5079095419250"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p5446540219250">Bloom filter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p4962146019250">Bloom filter is a space-efficient binary vectorized data structure, conceived by Burton Howard Bloom in 1970, that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set. False positive matches are possible, but false negatives are not, in other words, a query returns either "possibly in set (possible error)" or "definitely not in set". In the cases, Bloom filter sacrificed the accuracy for time and space.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row42931896191011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p9420988191033">CCN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p24902535191033">The Central Coordinator (CCN) is a node responsible for determining, queuing, and scheduling complex operations in each CN to enable the dynamic load management of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text181801917115412">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row841854015347"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p8420240173410">CIDR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p1742074023411">Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). CIDR abandons the traditional class-based (class A: 8; class B: 16; and class C: 24) address allocation mode and allows the use of address prefixes of any length, effectively improving the utilization of address space. A CIDR address is in the format of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__i85512024185811">IP address</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b39993282588">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__i380483510587">Number of bits in a network ID</em>. For example, in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b757162755913">192.168.23.35/21</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b1898517260226">21</strong> indicates that the first 21 bits are the network prefix and others are the host ID.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra12010ab83bd4de3ab5943c3f05dd048"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6e06d2a2676048c3b8883be625b06fe4">Cgroups</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a91924633d5774aca8721184c69861791">A control group (Cgroup), also called a priority group (PG) in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1887920552">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The Cgroup is a kernel feature of SUSE Linux and Red Hat that can limit, account for, and isolate the resource usage of a collection of processes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc9b05c9f6eb04884b8d29d28961603b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a21ff6a675f8041eb860a8de48e39e95f">CLI</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a67d9073217044f7097233fab27994260">Command-line interface (CLI). Users use the CLI to interact with applications. Its input and output are based on texts. Commands are entered through keyboards or similar devices and are compiled and executed by applications. The results are displayed in text or graphic forms on the terminal interface.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row4577312117374"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p930491217374">CM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p1550044017374">Cluster Manager (CM) manages and monitors the running status of functional units and physical resources in the distributed system, ensuring stable running of the entire system.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r33e99e1ebcf2437690634ed2ce894bf8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a66ad199e0ac8443bb9a29d7fda1cda3f">CMS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a452a56670e024f24abfa4e1d1f581756">The Cluster Management Service (CMS) component manages the cluster status.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r1dfafa26e2f84ca9a28886bd4aa32416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9ea271803585460aa0c3381fdbf1dc27">CN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aea5c9e15c7134235a8c2bc39f4257b11">The Coordinator (CN) stores database metadata, splits query tasks and supports their execution, and aggregates the query results returned from DNs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r34f53ab56a26499d9f7b950355631b32"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9b9d97ba449d4d94a0742cd1bb941e29">CU</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a17614a5950da41f599c0fceaca66f937">Compression Unit (CU) is the smallest storage unit in a column-storage table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r7ad79baefc5f43ae85ed5308c35650fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af1b086a4066344f4a575bd91309f3831">core file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac285393c023b46718717c3b1bc8b3130">A file that is created when memory overwriting, assertion failures, or access to invalid memory occurs in a process, causing it to fail. This file is then used for further analysis.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae49e4df012594deaa904447b3e842fe1">A core file contains a memory dump, in an all-binary and port-specific format. The name of a core file consists of the word "core" and the OS process ID.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a8253691508864792bf632e282526f862">The core file is available regardless of the type of platform.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r35494ee8e2a44e35b0ece063c2e65f4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5684728807e344068fd527b53fbf69cb">core dump</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a90f194318c504909b91299f1278e3ec2">When a program stops abnormally, the core dump, memory dump, or system dump records the state of the working memory of the program at that point in time. In practice, other key pieces of program state are usually dumped at the same time, including the processor registers, which may include the program counter and stack pointer, memory management information, and other processor and OS flags and information. A core dump is often used to assist diagnosis and computer program debugging.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rde3594df453f4178a262f4b4a34d2f95"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab11049cb4a814e4eb879b406b4252979">DBA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a136c2aaac9d9469ebfc658caa367a997">A database administrator (DBA) instructs or executes database maintenance operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3b8792e8b63c449fb7e0b5150b6064ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a100e5a383fe14479b105186830689ec4">DBLINK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a69119117abd54dc3ba670af02d296476">An object defining the path from one database to another. A remote database object can be queried with DBLINK.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r015659a5c9fc468eb842a7ffda211359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2b00bff3c1e54a44bc17929212a6e3a9">DBMS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa1d70bbc8bea468496ab1ea5bfe8072b">Database Management System (DBMS) is a piece of system management software that allows users to access information in a database. This is a collection of programs that allows you to access, manage, and query data in a database. A DBMS can be classified as memory DBMS or disk DBMS based on the location of the data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rfa6d02c707a44faf939d726b45cb2e88"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad8dfeb1ff3a34c89b767b1f3115b9561">DCL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2c9b300b01204307bd695cc9b68e8d69">Data control language (DCL)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8b66114ebaf04b69a8de5ebfd5df33ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9226065532d64ca7819d707bf1747163">DDL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac3ebce4a81104dffadf4787b62bd71d1">Data definition language (DDL)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra8cac2421a384b84876e4b9ded4a4aa4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a16f3e0ddb2ae497d9d0cf79cdb5b1581">DML</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac4d19c6f05e14c069b03d7df225f05bc">Data manipulation language (DML)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8507eddcbaa94165808a226d7e9f3aa7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a79e26c62dd2a42249c42bb537e5eb897">DN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a39b519c4d9d543e0a5a114f4b2edbb61">Datanode performs table data storage and query operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc752724c321d4a99abd5d41f34aab530"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af3cdb9f1f45e4b86a8315aafed8ba6bc">ETCD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5ed792f4661f4b7aa36fb189a13007b0">The Editable Text Configuration Daemon (ETCD) is a distributed key-value storage system used for configuration sharing and service discovery (registration and search).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r17ca26de5bff4c0e9c00b189e0b9db19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0613916d3b1542949328d30d8ed2f809">ETL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad816f0d8f6a84792819f092c10a7dec4">Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) refers to the process of data transmission from the source to the target database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row077834564913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p7779945114919">Extension Connector</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p5593153571420">Extension Connector is provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text882707989">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to process data across clusters. It can send SQL statements to Spark, and can return execution results to your database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8214e43f404241ca9ac35723738ab88a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a350f51479ac947d0a01f2361f0c7391c">Backup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a441754c7d1dc4108b37f4ce172a60178">A backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying and archiving of computer data in case of data loss.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r71e48fea03234be482b60396b7bb155f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0527beba7d85410ab0f66a86d3e11373">backup and restoration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a576ac242ae1b407f9f7e9eb8978b64a5">A collection of concepts, procedures, and strategies to protect data loss caused by invalid media or misoperations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rcf3b6173648f432690b32af2348a620a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acb0a8625b8244de0ba395e7afeaf3f21">standby server</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a445df368caa24d52b33fb4c443ec8509">A node in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1354928899">GaussDB(DWS)</span> HA solution. It functions as a backup of the primary server. If the primary server is behaving abnormally, the standby server is promoted to primary, ensuring data service continuity.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r6475ebe698134c3d9e0b773f699682a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aadd5476916614b38b8ad3e53402ae81a">crash</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6484a15ab5104c41a9620fdd2bad5092">A crash (or system crash) is an event in which a computer or a program (such as a software application or an OS) ceases to function properly. Often the program will exit after encountering this type of error. Sometimes the offending program may appear to freeze or hang until a crash reporting service documents details of the crash. If the program is a critical part of the OS kernel, the entire computer may crash (possibly resulting in a fatal system error).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__re8176845b28847d9b56ec6a19659dc54"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab4f95a6d5a63408d80d51d901a26db15">encoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__abd43007dc4994f1c9927e076b745be0b">Encoding is representing data and information using code so that it can be processed and analyzed by a computer. Characters, digits, and other objects can be converted into digital code, or information and data can be converted into the required electrical pulse signals based on predefined rules.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc30b919a16a4452f86bad937ac706bef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa68aac75ccbd4b6cb5bba292e8400108">encoding technology</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aba368c8f286844b0a0bcd2daaf1153d7">A technology that presents data using a specific set of characters, which can be identified by computer hardware and software.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r29aa90055478422dae5309ce35833a72"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a13e752c90d364e22bef6ff744de40f99">table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2587f9d5e35f406791c6bce27a7e2b3c">A set of columns and rows. Each column is referred to as a field. The value in each field represents a data type. For example, if a table contains people's names, cities, and states, it has three columns: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b84235270615348">Name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153410">City</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153412">State</strong>. In every row in the table, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153445">Name</strong> column contains a name, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153452">City</strong> column contains a city, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153458">State</strong> column contains a state.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rab60fefd74174846b0f2d974d56a9186"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a183078b3f75f409a9666153b127dded8">tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a57eae73606af4817bb1f1b8af64408a1">A tablespace is a logical storage structure that contains tables, indexes, large objects, and long data. A tablespace provides an abstract layer between physical data and logical data, and provides storage space for all database objects. When you create a table, you can specify which tablespace it belongs to.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r7740bca9029d4a01833ca63cc36e9e49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a57cede27ae73492ba0e0787bcf1dd665">concurrency control</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aeaefdf11ba6c4ad2bb4226e589bf61d3">A DBMS service that ensures data integrity when multiple transactions are concurrently executed in a multi-user environment. In a multi-threaded environment, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text378470192">GaussDB(DWS)</span> concurrency control ensures that database operations are safe and all database transactions remain consistent at any given time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r5c481fabb92d49ac9870270b923474c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2ea861780b27478fa6e3bbed13593b80">query</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af7dd22159f994b7a9510b152267c453d">Specifies requests sent to the database, such as updating, modifying, querying, or deleting information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rca0759a136474444950cb31fe13126a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac1dba06152ac4db6b78d64f8cf6ccc43">query operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aad52cd5272ff463985547fe140ab0229">An iterator or a query tree node, which is a basic unit for the execution of a query. Execution of a query can be split into one or more query operators. Common query operators include scan, join, and aggregation.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r87aaa68e21ba4bffa2340e58a06bcc71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a94f6bd47cdc444848ba02c8198544948">query fragment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac67b0d847ded4b3dbd6a46488c017bd7">Each query task can be split into one or more query fragments. Each query fragment consists of one or more query operators and can independently run on a node. Query fragments exchange data through data flow operators.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r77ef803e54a840bcb5f47ebe6abad16d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab227ff09a101497fa6effa05e5c22f35">durability</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a59b55373d7d04fa8bd7b5e643c0bd4ac">One of the ACID features of database transactions. Durability indicates that transactions that have been committed will permanently survive and not be rolled back.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc4af90f94e4b448ba70b48516977d23e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a795583a3560241df944e5d86adfca4c4">stored procedure</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa4949026ebd94a999114a00282df31b9">A group of SQL statements compiled into a single execution plan and stored in a large database system. Users can specify a name and parameters (if any) for a stored procedure to execute the procedure.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r5a868da1b7e24b8b876735d3b11db4ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa45856906b84497abd39b572797ad0ca">OS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a84a3f076e4be4293a1ce52b157638c2a">An operating system (OS) is loaded by a bootstrap program to a computer to manage other programs in the computer. applications on a computer or similar device.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r90d8e536350648f8a7bef5d1b1840fde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aaf112dff403242f4855f2aa367be0fd9">secondary server</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acb23737a9790486ca18639780da8968b">To ensure high cluster availability, the primary server synchronizes logs to the secondary server if data synchronization between the primary and standby servers fails. If the primary server suddenly breaks down, the standby server is promoted to primary and synchronizes logs from the secondary server for the duration of the breakdown.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r13675de4b0f9406eaa207bf0f729a21b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acb86c823d9bc4ca592250a4aa07c2f0e">BLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a957e61fb8eed465fabfa284bff57181d">Binary large object (BLOB) is a collection of binary data stored in a database, such as videos, audio, and images.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row81601543115815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p1616020439580">dynamic load balancing</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p0160134314589">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1077424122">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, dynamic load balancing automatically adjusts the number of concurrent jobs based on the usage of CPU, I/O, and memory to avoid service errors and to prevent the system from stop responding due to system overload.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8f869b72c79d498dbfc1990193dc88c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a19301d78d200490f88e78d789654f262">segment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac3ac2bdc3b7a45ffb3df145cb3a8020b">A segment in the database indicates a part containing one or more regions. Region is the smallest range of a database and consists of data blocks. One or more segments comprise a tablespace.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r321a6ad5b24340b29b806f9f051eaa39"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac0149bc3eaf24ca0bd48b9a2cd96fdbb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aad1e9c00d7e7434ab342d6e1b4bc2e56">F – J</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r48f705e624034b158b0b564da7a68173"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a3618713f89374da090ded8d34df0b8fd">failover</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a76e6da1730d94ec4bea6401e8b1cb529">Automatic switchover from a faulty node to its standby node. Reversely, automatic switchback from the standby node to the primary node is called failback.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row57925184172335"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p51564615172335">FDW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p15984285172335">A foreign data wrapper (FDW) is a SQL interface provided by Postgres. It is used to access big data objects stored in remote data so that DBAs can integrate data from unrelated data sources and store them in public schema in the database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rca8331fae71342a2a7af5d46ae589249"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a49d6789d95274d41a4405bc38a73fea3">freeze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae2e26f61016741e7a13734b1cd9925a6">An operation automatically performed by the AutoVacuum Worker process when transaction IDs are exhausted. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1025941729">GaussDB(DWS)</span> records transaction IDs in row headings. When a transaction reads a row, the transaction ID in the row heading and the actual transaction ID are compared to determine whether this row is explicit. Transaction IDs are integers containing no symbols. If exhausted, transaction IDs are re-calculated outside of the integer range, causing the explicit rows to become implicit. To prevent such a problem, the freeze operation marks a transaction ID as a special ID. Rows marked with these special transaction IDs are explicit to all transactions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r78c8a20805b34011bb6f7c724ed2de09"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a1f160bfbcbb5494caea2cdddec43571a">GDB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acd97f1dc941b48e09814746c4a8f30cb">As a GNU debugger, GDB allows you to see what is going on 'inside' another program while it executes or what another program was doing the moment that it crashed. GDB can perform four main kinds of things (make PDK functions stronger) to help you catch bugs in the act:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__u73acf1b682604b3b97cdd2ecc7ad8c18"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__l3c5f98de4e6840298701a29c63406c00">Starts your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ub44755fd5822413ab24abbc1cef0f88b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__l1edeedd995494f8aaf4909bc12f5f23d">Stops a program in a specific condition.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__u1b648829bf644d7e9312252363ae8f72"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__l0f7743859dac46d9a84bb2a6ae0aee2b">Checks what happens when a program stops.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ufb2b18984eeb405d881d39dc33f9e97b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__l47817e6c690847a9bcb68117e6c20110">Changes things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r5b862ff890864a6fa1bb938ea8e83a1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa8d9595ab7f2463a8d16340c32ff6c6c">GDS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7a8cc943b7424536a555609b4aa2a24e">General Data Service (GDS). To import data to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text12835041142915">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, you need to deploy the tool on the server where the source data is stored so that DNs can use this tool to obtain data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row14247184392818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p132487437288">GIN index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p1724964352812">Generalized inverted index (GIN) is used for handling cases where the items to be indexed are composite values, and the queries to be handled by the index need to search for element values that appear within the composite items.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r437813a02cdc40188af28b57fb1c92f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae9f7186e20a9438aaf0d40c3f11f5a38">GNU</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a154cc53958de48068de48a2fd7c23ab5">The GNU Project was publicly announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman, aiming at building an OS composed wholly of free software. GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix!". Stallman announced that GNU should be pronounced as Guh-NOO. Technically, GNU is similar to Unix in design, a widely used commercial OS. However, GNU is free software and contains no Unix code.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rf05c88d887114d65babbfdf4c83ff601"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac6d47934d2234be3b4491f2796435523">gsql</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a48ae760c5d214a4aaa56752df84883ec"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1591466396">GaussDB(DWS)</span> interaction terminal. It enables you to interactively type in queries, issue them to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1793557989">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, and view the query results. Queries can also be entered from files. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b184556293488">gsql</strong> supports many meta commands and shell-like commands, allowing you to conveniently compile scripts and automate tasks.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r88eda34d778c44d982694a4be7f0a8fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2e1a4ffc44d14cdcbd9d4516796e97db">GTM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a8e29bbcb577d4b17ac5de134e74a6e37">Global Transaction Manager (GTM) manages the status of transactions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r21daf221e99f46da9ad29585ef26cb7d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a69ede13cb5734f6eb9303e4e9685186e">GUC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab783feab9f1e43d5b57ce883802eec5f">Grand unified configuration (GUC) includes parameters for running databases, the values of which determine database system behavior.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3f033a5ce4224e569e50bc82b54eadef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af46b6429b0ed48eeb0360b16884a464a">HA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a23c990ebea3e437bb62f91923fd39361">High availability (HA) is a solution in which two modules operate in primary/standby mode to achieve high availability. This solution helps to minimize the duration of service interruptions caused by routine maintenance (planned) or sudden system breakdowns (unplanned), improving the system and application usability.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra5f11d316cdd48f193d2976185d9fd22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a56867b24909546d3b93495a1544ab83c">HBA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aecd841ce84ad47c4b76d0b47c3b97f80">Host-based authentication (HBA) allows hosts to authenticate on behalf of all or some of the system users. It can apply to all users on a system or a subset using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706141236">Match</strong> directive. This type of authentication can be useful for managing computing clusters and other fairly homogenous pools of machines. In all, three files on the server and one on the client must be modified to prepare for host-based authentication.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r155d8dd8b1f843679c456943bbce42de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a90652dfd5de64301ab6f01cb8d0d1952">HDFS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a65d431d2b1ca4fb391f6e5c6ab8e64f3">Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a subproject of Apache Hadoop. HDFS is highly fault tolerant and is designed to run on low-end hardware. The HDFS provides high-throughput access to large data sets and is ideal for applications having large data sets.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__red30468bd46d417ab510c22b002e0b7a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a12e87ec95bf143b29453d2939848584a">server</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ade39680ac7a14bb78e1e8e78bb68b543">A combination of hardware and software designed for providing clients with services. This word alone refers to the computer running the server OS, or the software or dedicated hardware providing services.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r929ed3f180804af583232ccc310f2ddc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a094e1ca6c16e4c8db4606bc14eeb5024">advanced package</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad70912d05fbb472f89bad7fb56ef17fc">Logical and functional stored procedures and functions provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text781620181">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r43d7006d53f9410ba7b73f69e15b8c4e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6480073e1c674da091b052aaf0c3d4a1">isolation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6ccd24d630c24691a843b0834f602864">One of the ACID features of database transactions. Isolation means that the operations inside a transaction and data used are isolated from other concurrent transactions. The concurrent transactions do not affect each other.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r35728fa3771b490f8ef2c00dacf473c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ade748be43cf44e4587d2c1c98743b1cb">relational database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aeace6eaa07534e0eb4f9437add68d58a">A database created using a relational model. It processes data using methods of set algebra.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra0213c907aaa4fce94e54e0e3783666f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a267eae3541c1475da56365e0a4a34e26">archive thread</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a710e313f159b4eabb59502ffc429773f">A thread started when the archive function is enabled on a database. The thread archives database logs to a specified path.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r0ea3b7a770744ba3a3a57b1b9ed364cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa50d1b03f32d479fa4806bc56509bd1f">failover</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a1552e20ab1354b88ad887f6f2e80e8f1">The automatic substitution of a functionally equivalent system component for a failed one. The system component can be a processor, server, network, or database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc109c61587e14421894ca2ee2efad5cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0e87affb2609404db5e3fcf4d5617458">environment variable</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5e4834e8b5f443bab8ca9b886875d762">An environment variable defines the part of the environment in which a process runs. For example, it can define the part of the environment as the main directory, command search path, terminal that is in use, or the current time zone.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra34fe9d1f9974f6d9c117bdb76b0420f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7aa29291a4604e05aa3da6a8cf3f7792">checkpoint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a832dbf5e290044cdb35e45d77789e4f9">A mechanism that stores data in the database memory to disks at a certain time. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text824010384">GaussDB(DWS)</span> periodically stores the data of committed and uncommitted transactions to disks. The data and redo logs can be used for database restoration if a database restarts or breaks down.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ref40e6450a6b4a7eaf0f5cb7d10a6783"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a1b632c26ef8948e587219c6c7af2f74c">encryption</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad5c56bc6766a40b88b1bb2916ca1f8be">A function hiding information content during data transmission to prevent the unauthorized use of the information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r32127ca5a2474b5896d9ff237a371c75"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a3ab581511b9a4cefb899ef2ccb756bbd">node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a116f74c3b8a54d4f891c989ab2e26b9d">Cluster nodes (or nodes) are physical and virtual severs that make up the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text149466506">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cluster environment.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r6117bb52bd5c48778d3255b421b37c88"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af13863d8a5c44210946be2c028c51dbd">error correction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6ca6e52ca725473eadc10fbb01260871">A technique that automatically detects and corrects errors in software and data streams to improve system stability and reliability.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r841b5216c8f343fb988b478ece7d1e51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a18e4de1308c94f2b9554e55876d81cdf">process</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9cb570d7356e4ca1815f3510c1f039aa">An instance of a computer program that is being executed. A process may be made up of multiple threads of execution. Other processes cannot use a thread occupied by the process.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra96a7c902b4f48e68ea29c2aacba1c24"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9be022dc6dca4c939c5805c81e8a6510">PITR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a37f92adccc6143e09bb036ed05b76f35">Point-In-Time Recovery (PITR) is a backup and restoration feature of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text756963579">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. Data can be restored to a specified point in time if backup data and WAL logs are normal.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r49166c7885e74c8499f49fe8799ca3b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__afc915cbea0724b7d8c3f9f60e5539c1b">record</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a95085d9a2cd04e26a4be1f20f103fb22">In a relational database, a record corresponds to data in each row of a table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r517c7392ab8b4a4eb870d3ba8f7f8462"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0841cd4c5a4d4c409d34221334fdcd07">cluster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a11588b610fd44dd984cd7151ab688f90">A cluster is an independent system consisting of servers and other resources, ensuring high availability. In certain conditions, clusters can implement load balancing and concurrent processing of transactions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__re55d396f625a4e03a91fb692af618779"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aaa18dcd387474695878441a9c573e0a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a1f05084d38614acca3aaca77d0b233b5">K – O</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc2aac41f729d4d13ba34cbe0ab0fc15a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2e9d3c74315f41929fcaecc1832fa2b6">LLVM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acfa448ee578d4eb5b8511181ae4099cf">LLVM is short for Low Level Virtual Machine. Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) is a compiler framework written in C++ and is designed to optimize the compile-time, link-time, run-time, and idle-time of programs that are written in arbitrary programming languages. It is open to developers and compatible with existing scripts.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p677213120515"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text638215720">GaussDB(DWS)</span> LLVM dynamic compilation can be used to generate customized machine code for each query to replace original common functions. Query performance is improved by reducing redundant judgment conditions and virtual function invocation, and by making local data more accurate during actual queries.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row1529646173852"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p13766821173852">LVS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p41370680173852">Linux Virtual Server (LVS), a virtual server cluster system, is used for balancing the load of a cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r5b936cee3e744595b71c4dcda3bba80f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a4cfb71332b0a48c0a88ffa77e688a4c0">MPP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acf68227ef9f543c184975d34b6520725">Massive Parallel Processing (MPP) refers to cluster architecture that consists of multiple machines. The architecture is also called a cluster system.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r1d581c23774c4abd8069e57e80391f67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a299cc93a5eb04a539627e731963ef8a2">MVCC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a923d90e4800748009d65134fe365f777">Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) is a protocol that allows a tuple to have multiple versions, on which different query operations can be performed. A basic advantage is that read and write operations do not conflict.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r6b1427bd610545588577a8db1a898759"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__add9fa53957df49eb96b93424f7a7074e">NameNode</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a30487943819944aeacf9f6b3bd9afdda">The NameNode is the centerpiece of a Hadoop file system, managing the namespace of the file system and client access to files.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8dc8fbc7e78943edacb8f600e00cbdee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a77b8d4cf53204eda9eb8f6edf80d5dcd">OLAP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a8b5344709215496583c6d02d08f990a7">Online analytical processing (OLAP) is the most important application in the database warehouse system. It is dedicated to complex analytical operations, helps decision makers and executives to make decisions, and rapidly and flexibly processes complex queries involving a great amount of data based on analysts' requirements. In addition, the OLAP provides decision makers with query results that are easy to understand, allowing them to learn the operating status of the enterprise. These decision makers can then produce informed and accurate solutions based on the query results.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row13039022172831"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p50242341172831">OM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p43097830172831">Operations Management (OM) provides management interfaces and tools for routine maintenance and configuration management of the cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r4671daa7b2104adfbb93b3e270ab1878"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__acb83c22431da4b4e8f20332d342165c6">ORC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae548aeafd0ef46cc83123d9b5485b6ab">Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) is a widely used file format for structured data in a Hadoop system. It was introduced from the Hadoop HIVE project.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8c7ae55b3cef4a0eaecb830f97ceacd9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a4c86038d9c5d43ae960a407397b18e0f">client</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5948e6b94b0a409baecc88346876b7eb">A computer or program that accesses or requests services from another computer or program.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r7f57dad954ce40ec99ab4e5273c7dee5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9a4e523466fe4779a739e708876f5c72">free space management</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9801b1b8d6634f8498ec5b65529f1104">A mechanism for managing free space in a table. This mechanism enables the database system to record free space in each table and establish an easy-to-search data structure, accelerating operations (such as INSERT) performed on the free space.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row2028591419517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p22856146511">cross-cluster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p17285191416510">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text163790394">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, users can access data in other DBMS through foreign tables or using an Extension Connector. Such access is cross-cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rcfefc37b3f114561bf378e5c3df970dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af947c778f9774e18804f3293a704b166">junk tuple</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aaca389c0ee4b417b99014f3fe63d3494">A tuple that is deleted using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b915802071112">DELETE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b19159102071114">UPDATE</strong> statements. When deleting a tuple, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1276523788">GaussDB(DWS)</span> only marks the tuples that are to be cleared. The Vacuum thread will then periodically clear these junk tuples.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rb9cba4dff12e42d796f5d84973dedead"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a8732f9fae37f422cad5ec6007686bed7">column</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a33c4b041020a4b76ac1965569d18306a">An equivalent concept of "field". A database table consists of one or more columns. Together they describe all attributes of a record in the table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r2a8e14e0edc44fda822dc0b4a62fe160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a01e78c00349a40159957354709f62850">logical node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7f3f4aee6b7d45698353677319e7d3f4">Multiple logical nodes can be installed on the same node. A logical node is a database instance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r1020b125e7944bebb43b07dd98b20fac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6e78ceff8e1c44afa9d831f6cf69a9a0">schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aca0ecd5ab9054c52b635e0ae4ada362c">Collection of database objects, including logical structures, such as tables, views, sequences, stored procedures, synonyms, indexes, clusters, and database links.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8b8bb820c8dd4ba1b45e6e05d2e8a31a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aca367fc5e836460ba52e3bbc6320eb74">schema file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad187f846cfdc4aa1addda6273e4aa679">A SQL file that determines the database structure.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__re00792188ae54271bbd06f2f4d2e1114"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a90d0b4b5b4d94d2b843d0bdf7127a7bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af6057aec84834802912f27f33610e95a">P – T</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r4663befe5ce34224b9090767baef8628"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6eb81f75f8e94d0ea898f31d364eeab0">Page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0e3067101dca41dab2c6a231a601db4e">Minimum memory unit for row storage in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text443534344">GaussDB(DWS)</span> relational object structure. The default size of a page is 8 KB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r88de7c11373a4b639a19e96d6af0d2cf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a73318eb7d78747499e0a25d0573a1f8e">PostgreSQL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a8bc5d7e2036740699c211e410c904f77">An open-source DBMS developed by volunteers all over the world. PostgreSQL is not controlled by any companies or individuals. Its source code can be used for free.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row47185098173053"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p22012705173053">Postgres-XC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p38198701173053">Postgres-XC is an open source PostgreSQL cluster to provide write-scalable, synchronous, multi-master PostgreSQL cluster solution.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rd2f41cb583f749399a867f67622ba08c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae4de2a9edc784b29b6ffd3f510e6ecde">Postmaster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a286ec79b1070411dbd8dbf438c4793c6">A thread started when the database service is started. It listens to connection requests from other nodes in the cluster or from clients.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a610c144b5d404cf89107378b9928a78b">After receiving and accepting a connection request from the standby server, the primary server creates a WAL Sender thread to interact with the standby server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row5935841174156"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p53422575174156">RHEL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p32261284174156">Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r0c61bef5d8c149a1883200cb1efb109e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ace4dfd606b984bc6bae35f9dea4a80e3">redo log</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af3e93c49ab844e4c872e5449defad3e0">A log that contains information required for performing an operation again in a database. If a database is faulty, redo logs can be used to restore the database to its original state.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8e2cbc0acc274fbf86039c50427f9d8d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a86f79b7cde6f4d689b6e565b8e9a1c74">SCTP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0280b4d2d880425798aa06d23e8ad7f8">The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport-layer protocol defined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 2000. The protocol ensures the reliability of datagram transport based on unreliable service transmission protocols by transferring SCN narrowband signaling over IP network.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row172392015804"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p82391515307">savepoint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p2239111517013">A savepoint marks the end of a sub-transaction (also known as a nested transaction) in a relational DBMS. The process of a long transaction can be divided into several parts. After a part is successfully executed, a savepoint will be created. If later execution fails, the transaction will be rolled back to the savepoint instead of being totally rolled back. This is helpful for recovering database applications from complicated errors. If an error occurs in a multi-statement transaction, the application can possibly recover by rolling back to the save point without terminating the entire transaction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r58afc9576154431cab1f0d1352f5c5c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a57a68db28de246afb01b2d10dd14c10b">session</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a1055eeff4a7b47e5961f74a22ac0657a">A task created by a database for a connection when an application attempts to connect to the database. Sessions are managed by the session manager. They execute initial tasks to perform all user operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8292068071a14af8a043dac655062a5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af84a23d7fc6b4236b32f38098c0d291a">shared-nothing architecture</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a789fd54dbc6c45268a71c41a94a3192d">A distributed computing architecture, in which none of the nodes share CPUs or storage resources. This architecture has good scalability.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rb7afa97f7ae5404e92e7c901999f37a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a10a5c8b639684a949da01b15adc9c010">SLES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a73c48354e3724510bdd518881b1de0d7">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) is an enterprise Linux OS provided by SUSE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r116ab8609e8b41feae88bd776372efde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad1e4137517bf4577b8ee1da40ac36feb">SMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2fd0775827e246efa43f5ecd35d82bda">Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) lets multiple CPUs run on a computer and share the same memory and bus. To ensure an SMP system achieves high performance, an OS must support multi-tasking and multi-thread processing. In databases, SMP means to concurrently execute queries using the multi-thread technology, efficiently using all CPU resources and improving query performance.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8f17b5aaac1d41dcbcc4d17f0975b4b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a41a27585abe64862b2179074499286c9">SQL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aea5f64a0c00c488884dd091ec98700f8">Structure Query Language (SQL) is a standard database query language. It consists of DDL, DML, and DCL.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r7ef76fbdb78f4f11bfddf7d286b855f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa5756e950a75420b8beb66bf25af583d">SSL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9f028bf7028946c48fc38010cb9b1feb">Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a network security protocol introduced by Netscape. SSL is a security protocol based on the TCP and IP communications protocols and uses the public key technology. SSL supports a wide range of networks and provides three basic security services, all of which use the public key technology. SSL ensures the security of service communication through the network by establishing a secure connection between the client and server and then sending data through this connection.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r470e8ce6d0394e3e84a3cf00817ae6be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af79de04bd3d64316ae4e28157e313782">convergence ratio</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a80fe23d5bb72413f90ae983bd98eab44">Downlink to uplink bandwidth ratio of a switch. A high convergence ratio indicates a highly converged traffic environment and severe packet loss.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row19359741202514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p15361134112257">TCP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p636124117252">Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sends and receives data through the IP protocol. It splits data into packets for sending, and checks and reassembles received package to obtain original information. TCP is a connection-oriented, reliable protocol that ensures information correctness in transmission.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rd5dbb9929b86404cbac9410bddb50871"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a32c8789cf4c94f01bf5117edd3dee54c">trace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a4c0e48e743dc44f1a4c019df3fd53320">A way of logging to record information about the way a program is executed. This information is typically used by programmers for debugging purposes. System administrators and technical support can diagnose common problems by using software monitoring tools and based on this information.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra9f00b81d32b4793bfa3da5aa7f67a61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2fbdb1224098488fb4dea9f1ccdb02d5">full backup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af011e1ed946146298d1262a4115faedc">Backup of the entire database cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rdd772cb6060b44169457e88f999c8058"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9df7686683ed4d4fad30425476fbe196">full synchronization</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a867589bbf286424eb88cfa13d2b37266">A data synchronization mechanism specified in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text477203574">GaussDB(DWS)</span> HA solution. Used to synchronize all data from the primary server to a standby server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8a75f31f4e3d410e8ef03fb5e2ab19d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a31d9f7fba4e94604851ccade9d55e151">Log File</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aeb57fb1ad36149859f333adc87cda006">A file to which a computer system writes a record of its activities.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rf74abf4a5f934384806bffe5cf1af4f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a0eed2e9b900a45bfb41aed4a27c7adfd">transaction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7345f3f35d69417aa35b6a47b875fd42">A logical unit of work performed within a DBMS against a database. A transaction consists of a limited database operation sequence, and must have ACID features.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ra1d8c70715c0417caf94184affbd9f15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae54ae4d824db407ea497f2f45402949c">data</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aeae46c38fb5045178eec16cb9f424065">A representation of facts or directives for manual or automatic communication, explanation, or processing. Data includes constants, variables, arrays, and strings.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r1d2ba5d2401e47829a2776f9f91f366b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aaf3f0577de164893be9f2f2ec992f852">data redistribution</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a617a77228dff4571b07968a7250194a0">A process whereby a data table is redistributed among nodes after users change the data distribution mode.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r1dc639c9c7354da6ad1b91b4223a2375"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a97389235ffc44691ba725576799bed77">data distribution</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa1c0709f6d59454ea4e8908add7bbabe">A mode in which table data is split and stored on each database instance in a distributed system. Table data can be distributed in hash, replication, or random mode. In hash mode, a hash value is calculated based on the value of a specified column in a tuple, and then the target storage location of the tuple is determined based on the mapping between nodes and hash values. In replication mode, tuples are replicated to all nodes. In random mode, data is randomly distributed to the nodes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r30d78f61e22849c7baedebb884e10666"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af9a97a5fa786484bbd5915373a740a21">data partitioning</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2c4e72ec951549bf9665b2cc72a43c29">A division of a logical database or its constituent elements into multiple parts (partitions) whose data does not overlap based on specified ranges. Data is mapped to storage locations based on the value ranges of specific columns in a tuple.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r0a46a7e872d8475bb59c59e3a5f609ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6f95f8fadbdf4c489bdeff53cd659693">Database Name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa32886f1a87c4ba1bc10adbe27c8df7c">A collection of data that is stored together and can be accessed, managed, and updated. Data in a view in the database can be classified into the following types: numerals, full text, digits, and images.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r95962bcb53c541808b141a1e60b1490d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a3386b274851942a5b8be62e913d0e2db">DB instance</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a39921b08d12c4e10aa5c539f74153a5a">A database instance consists of a process in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text556258147">GaussDB(DWS)</span> and files controlled by the process. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1128082112">GaussDB(DWS)</span> installs multiple database instances on one physical node. GTM, CM, CN, and DN installed on cluster nodes are all database instances. A database instance is also called a logical node.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3c3e233edeff4464ac08471992c46a41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a45a8e8c6eda24b70b0147c0eecb36c96">database HA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a992ca3d65c6a41f2832e6d7325af8856"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text2075623275">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a highly reliable HA solution. Every logical node in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text2056586614">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is identified as a primary or standby node. Only one <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text2120994041">GaussDB(DWS)</span> node is identified as primary at a time. When the HA system is deployed for the first time, the primary server synchronizes all data from each standby server (full synchronization). The HA system then synchronizes only data that is new or has been modified from each standby server (incremental synchronization). When the HA system is running, the primary server can receive data read and write operation requests and the standby servers only synchronize logs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rcf50982f3c0c4070ad343259cd0353dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__afe3b02b29f6c4250a831158dde88a782">database file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ac74f9a5dc54c42969a035f61b715a565">A binary file that stores user data and the data inside the database system.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ref87878305df40828bcb97ce2bd24b88"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab38ec25eae1e4ec08b2d6e7deccec190">data flow operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6b52fc88ce36477eb45e6c7d6b6a4f6d">An operator that exchanges data among query fragments. By their input/output relationships, data flows can be categorized into Gather flows, Broadcast flows, and Redistribution flows. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706153646">Gather</strong> combines multiple query fragments of data into one. Broadcast forwards the data of one query fragment to multiple query fragments. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__b842352706155328">Redistribution</strong> reorganizes the data of multiple query fragments and then redistributes the reorganized data to multiple query fragments.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8d03c70855934fd1b38876c9f95612da"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a781848c7e92c48c2a8247e0aa9d1c364">data dictionary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a57e3762bf6c84862bd50f64104b82469">A reserved table within a database which is used to store information about the database itself. The information includes database design information, stored procedure information, user rights, user statistics, database process information, database increase statistics, and database performance statistics.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rbb9ba965ad4e4b3d930f735eacc3b3ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad4f2a3f8dd9849cebccc94d05f9884e3">deadlock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5463f02988424bcc9dad07ecbd32b82c">Unresolved contention for the use of resources.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3a0dd99c0f564e61bcbd071dc9956639"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab96a5e3034204c00bd3eb0ceb2afb4ce">index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae9edc67cd19c494d83d9e86e572d712d">An ordered data structure in the database management system. An index accelerates querying and the updating of data in database tables.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r7bf44cac3a66432a963a7c70c7d21d0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a21c912b9f14b493890ae4ad35e425a03">statistics</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6149a89023ce49ba93cadf019a68a26a">Information that is automatically collected by databases, including table-level information (number of tuples and number of pages) and column-level information (column value range distribution histogram). Statistics in databases are used to estimate the cost of execution plans to find the plan with the lowest cost.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r4e9c393a0f4d4ad590a1b5d7d8a85e3d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af8230b46e2a24db5b0f23de7c1ac5b0d">stop word</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7a98d32e3b7c44028c248bd7bc0c9ebe">In computing, stop words are words which are filtered out before or after processing of natural language data (text), saving storage space and improving search efficiency.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rce7c6d405afd4fd382326c3d6bc065b4"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a56791ee43bcf4039bbc28e718a116621"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab7880bff34ab42ff9016810a643bcab2">U – Z</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3fcd5b2238944eb3b7fcfc7abeb28ad6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6e89de34f25a4808ac19aeb6b688044e">vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a02c6fcb8714642bc8dd9126d3bc8383c">A thread that is periodically started up by a database to clear junk tuples. Multiple Vacuum threads can be started concurrently by setting a parameter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r35d9b9a5a0fa48fbb761496c0d70fe59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7eaa443790714b34a49c92e1bb2b2457">verbose</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a6b77e63bf0a445a292c6325baddf2568">The VERBOSE option specifies the information to be displayed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r9172c5926a7542539d18f39d84397634"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ada5690b2196746fca9dd93726fa63f9f">WAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aedad60f6c7fe47908d31c4d3bdd3f17e">Write-ahead logging (WAL) is a standard method for logging a transaction. Corresponding logs must be written into a permanent device before a data file (carrier for a table and index) is modified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r09209ac6b4d045619163b94d81d73343"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__abfbdd030a7c2452ba5fd87c42729df4c">WAL Receiver</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__adaddc69f9a8c4b3f8e66152491b7b31b">A thread created by the standby server during database duplication. The thread is used to receive data and commands from the primary server and to tell the primary server that the data and commands have been acknowledged. Only one WAL receiver thread can run on one standby server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__re2b4557f87e24efab62807949c24841c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa99946cc13ee4613a4436e9d84bde1fc">WAL Sender</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a500d0e43b72141afb4f6639f9e7b2c71">A thread created on the primary server when the primary server has received a connection request from a standby server during database replication. This thread is used to send data and commands to standby servers and to receive responses from the standby servers. Multiple WAL Sender threads may run on one primary server. Each WAL Sender thread corresponds to a connection request initiated by a standby server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r2142209b40c245e5b1f86608b11dcd4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa918a62a67274cdc975dea9253d51009">WAL Writer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9e4c5eb8400d4ff19bd3bdd25edb7bac">A thread for writing redo logs that are created when a database is started. This thread is used to write logs in the memory to a permanent device, such as a disk.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r2278f60b1305459d8b7ccecf22b92081"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae92d1c6acef14c70a4bc23b8cc4cb9f1">WLM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af462ff7b7b0b445f972aa4445bbdaa1e">The WorkLoad Manager (WLM) is a module for controlling and allocating system resources in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1582630664">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r84232a8be7844592bd658632bbbc3621"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p625461115416">Xlog</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a4d066646475a421491262afc706e05b6">A transaction log. A logical node can have only one Xlog file.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rf021ac9b05424e89bf22a7326e291a95"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aa731209d346341cc82b2def18c121fc0">xDR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a2621841d65db4d9998e9c106b7e32225">X detailed record. It refers to detailed records on the user and signaling plans and can be categorized into charging data records (CDRs), user flow data records (UFDRs), transaction detail records (TDRs), and data records (SDRs).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rb2ff8bd7eae6429b8cd1511da99b1fdc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a63b3bdee946642e28caa39ff4e53b010">network backup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a22433fa0f142439eb981f8ff092651d8">Network backup provides a comprehensive and flexible data protection solution to Microsoft Windows, UNIX, and Linux platforms. Network backup can back up, archive, and restore files, folders, directories, volumes, and partitions on a computer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r108321bc76c34469ba67000bf3b24d37"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a71902e3615394f4dbcdb75fcaecc1de2">physical node</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aefc275f8352e4bb3b80e60d819aefb8b">A physical machine or device.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r3d13c28b0d9e496c97ebb87c6bd9f7b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af329f374378f4149b48ae0c3679a6d2d">system catalog</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__abe609199a52b4c39a773757a3254d08d">A table storing meta information about the database. The meta information includes user tables, indexes, columns, functions, and the data types in a database.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row0926103019339"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p2926330143315">pushdown</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p1592613053318"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text2107540376">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is a distributed database, where CN can send a query plan to multiple DNs for parallel execution. This CN behavior is called pushdown. It achieves better query performance than extracting data to CN for query.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r4a0c5eb81deb410ca16d53043805dabd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af8f5f3d811d549f5a2748024fb177a39">compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a67cbf014f8814029917347084feb8643">Data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information that uses fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying and removing unnecessary or unimportant information. The process of reducing the size of a data file is commonly referred as data compression, although its formal name is source coding (coding done at the source of the data, before it is stored or transmitted).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r6381dd1b6f8e422c841163ce350b622e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad5a08aa51f46422fab9da6fc1fe87612">consistency</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__aaf5b937b08154f7193b7044d18eb758d">One of the ACID features of database transactions. Consistency is a database status. In such a status, data in the database must comply with integrity constraints.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc654aa58ec004db4885a243583215024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a02c8cf92eff745569692c333363043f1">metadata</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a5c58f0c0008a41eebddae71dbf8860e9">Data that provides information about other data. Metadata describes the source, size, format, or other characteristics of data. In database columns, metadata explains the content of a data warehouse.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8e1b94d8f19544a5a1db1739209d21dc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab85e754e34e1438bbe9e067eb1ba0e0e">atomicity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ad9ee18e85ca145d6a042b23d3ff0218f">One of the ACID features of database transactions. Atomicity means that a transaction is composed of an indivisible unit of work. All operations performed in a transaction must either be committed or uncommitted. If an error occurs during transaction execution, the transaction is rolled back to the state when it was not committed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row11737212113217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p11737181273219">online scale-out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p673791210324">Online scale-out means that data can be saved to the database and query services are not interrupted during redistribution in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text1326616548">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r9953e6b420c04c52854e6d15625f72d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a831bea5f089e42a390ac0223ee1fb86c">dirty page</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae779b3b218ac4512a2281ef63b289b5c">A page that has been modified and is not written to a permanent device.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r0b26992d6ec4489dbafc1540d882dedd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__abcd4d402aaaf475abdd69b67117fb7bc">incremental backup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab59de6fac4454cf1a386c444b9dd3c8a">Incremental backup stores all files changed since the last valid backup.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rc22831d11e174d7cb47017099df0d1a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__af88e06f604054076b0283fa09e8d63cf">incremental synchronization</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a7ce3ec17ada94732b8019db98e5b7d1e">A data synchronization mechanism in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text266632011">GaussDB(DWS)</span> HA solution. Only data modified since the last synchronization is synchronized to the standby server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r72ec518764ce4beb87c0bde8a8352c89"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a88b233f189ab4f4581ece7d4b96aac71">Host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ae4dac0345477402cb73b8a706922e1c9">A node that receives data read and write operations in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text549181541">GaussDB(DWS)</span> HA system and works with all standby servers. At any time, only one node in the HA system is identified as the primary server.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r92f935819a4f43c48ec88371034bd511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a9787962c4bdc4cda8904eeea7a9d6376">thesaurus</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__adc86c315faa1460db22f6f3d3fadf548">Standardized words or phrases that express document themes and are used for indexing and retrieval.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r849f992265f1403da55d3ecfdb53e175"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a3fe6dcdad06648bd8deeca60a048a937">dump file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a218be850556646f6a3b7ac6e04e4c85c">A specific type of the trace file. A dump is typically a one-time output of diagnostic data in response to an event, whereas a trace tends to be continuous output of diagnostic data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__r8b82f9065db244f19d27bb93b8b3f357"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__ab1b00d93596c480c85ee22c5e36d77a4">resource pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__abaec6ef972d148d684c0897a61f468f2">Resource pools used for allocating resources in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text2003772922">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. By binding a user to a resource pool, you can limit the priority of the jobs executed by the user and resources available to the jobs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__row13316133735711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p731653785720">tenant</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__p9316193705719">A database service user who runs services using allocated computing (CPU, memory, and I/O) and storage resources. Service level agreements (SLAs) are met through resource management and isolation.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__rbe1f71af9c4d498f8edf31d13be229a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a63c4fec41f4f49f8b59770bfd8fc56a8">minimum restoration point</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__a629d1e729f5847da97a17c48589c37c1">A method used by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text450716987">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to ensure data consistency. During startup, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145814641__text641957832">GaussDB(DWS)</span> checks consistency between the latest WAL logs and the minimum restoration point. If the record location of the minimum restoration point is greater than that of the latest WAL logs, the database fails to start.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0948.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0948.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b55a092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0948.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH</h1>
+<div id="body0000001157385911"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p8060118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__b16640103811549">GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH</strong> allows you to query the direct dependencies of all views visible to the current user. If the base table on which the view depends exists and the dependency between views at different levels is normal, you can use this view to query the dependency between views at different levels starting from the base table.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__table1047810881918" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>GS_VIEW_DEPENDENCY_PATH columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row1548010821920"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p18918142318192">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p1291852316199">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p17918223141912">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row194811689194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p16349054172220">objschema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p10346135442211">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p6343145414222">View space name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row9481583195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p12340454132220">objname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p6335175412229">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p13332145412227">View name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row184811787195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p3330185452214">refobjschema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p1132720547222">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p368415547142">Name of the space where the dependent object resides</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row147012032312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p170318002311">refobjname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p070380152314">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p1070350112314">Name of a dependent object</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__row18704301230"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p157059011235">path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p3705208236">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001157385911__p97053016232">Dependency path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0949.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0949.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3ee4adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0949.html
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Importing Data from One GaussDB(DWS) Cluster to Another</h1>
+<div id="body0000001125261886"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059778169_s0867185fef0f4a228532d432b598cb26"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__p1479251195413">You can create foreign tables to perform associated queries and import data between clusters.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__section3206325195115"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul14161184010576"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li3161040175715">Import data from one GaussDB(DWS) cluster to another.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li53372414574">Perform associated queries between clusters.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__section116519262516"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059777857_u61501e0cbe1d4aa7a840d26b0548d7a7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li682853162814">The two clusters must be in the same region and AZ, and can communicate with each other through the VPC network.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li207801346131312">The created foreign table must be of the same type and have the same columns as its corresponding remote table, which can only be a row-store, column-store, hash, or replication table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059777857_l830d3ebb05f242ebb8db501c7fa4efc2">If the associated table in another cluster is a replication table or has data skew, the query performance may be poor.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li12619390491">The status of the two clusters is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b1288144814559">Normal</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li7397174420312">Do not modify, add, or delete the DDL of the source data table in the remote cluster. Otherwise, the query results may be inconsistent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li133223818486">The two clusters can process SQL on other GaussDB databases based on a foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li9459195515813">You are advised to configure LVS. If it is not configured, you are advised to use multiple CNs as the server addresses. Do not write the CN addresses of multiple clusters together.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li1467325511587">Ensure that the two databases have the same encoding. Otherwise, an error may occur or the received data may be garbled characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li652471371415">If statistics have been collected on the remote table, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b116471735818">ANALYZE</strong> on the foreign table to obtain a better execution plan.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li6364036202212">Only 8.0.0 and later versions are supported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__section99331110112918"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ol3775143614911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li10775113611499"><span>Create a server.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__screen11719387224"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text2301927133818"></span>CREATE SERVER server_remote FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER GC_FDW OPTIONS 
+   (address '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i73394197347">10.180.157.231</em>:8000,<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i13959142953415">10.180.157.130</em>:8000' ,
+  dbname 'gaussdb', 
+  username '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i2638635184215">xyz</em>', 
+  password '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i11411317133213">xxxxxx</em>'
+);</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__p119421420143818"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059778673_ne7521c1949524f60b62f5e81622ba30e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul5713143363911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li771420335398"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b196351091618">server_remote</strong> is the server name used for the foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li998963924018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b167131125141620">address</strong> indicates the IP addresses and port numbers of CNs in the remote cluster. If LVS is configured, you are advised to enter only one LVS address. Otherwise, you are advised to set multiple CNs as server addresses.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li15760207424"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b3164540131712">dbname</strong> is the database name of the remote cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li20517192215428"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b157434918173">username</strong> is the username used for connecting to the remote cluster. This user cannot be a system administrator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li73381318154315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b132412155184">password</strong> is the password used for logging in to the remote cluster.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li1877517363494"><span>Create a foreign table.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059779123_screen5199172173727"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text1932121211388"></span> CREATE FOREIGN TABLE region
+(
+    R_REGIONKEY INT4,
+    R_NAME TEXT,
+    R_COMMENT TEXT
+)
+SERVER
+    server_remote
+OPTIONS
+(
+    schema_name 'test',
+    table_name 'region',
+    encoding 'gbk'
+);</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__p1320619544463"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__note24609282452"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul1212634124819"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li2601124655712">Foreign table columns cannot contain any constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li141318342485">The column names types of the foreign table must be the same as those of its corresponding remote table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li191315349482"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b383661013233">schema_name</strong> specifies the schema of the foreign table corresponding to the remote cluster. If this parameter is not specified, the default schema is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li19576610145113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b6853103674810">table_name</strong> specifies the name of the foreign table corresponding to the remote cluster. If this parameter is not specified, the default foreign table name is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li628631514812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b1026223719511">encoding</strong> specifies the encoding format of the remote cluster. If this parameter is not specified, the default encoding format is used.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li19775143610490"><span>View the foreign table.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059779123_screen6393079417356"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text26571406380"></span>\d+ region
+
+                              Foreign table "public.region"
+   Column    |  Type   | Modifiers | FDW Options | Storage  | Stats target | Description
+-------------+---------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ r_regionkey | integer |           |             | plain    |              |
+ r_name      | text    |           |             | extended |              |
+ r_comment   | text    |           |             | extended |              |
+Server: server_remote
+FDW Options: (schema_name 'test', table_name 'region', encoding 'gbk')
+FDW permition: read only
+Has OIDs: no
+Distribute By: ROUND ROBIN
+Location Nodes: ALL DATANODES</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li29254339918"><span>Check the created server.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__screen263024131212"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text18686188126"></span>\des+ server_remote
+                                                                                                                               List of foreign servers
+     Name      |  Owner  | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges | Type | Version |
+                  FDW Options                                                                                    | Description
+---------------+---------+----------------------+-------------------+------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------
+ server_remote | dbadmin | gc_fdw               |                   |      |         | (address '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i184307351313">10.180.157.231</em>:8000,<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i1543093151310">10.180.157.130</em>:8000', dbname 'gaussdb'
+, username '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i19211155161310">xyz</em>', password '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__i20249144717132">xxx</em>xxx') |
+(1 row)</pre>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li16775153644910"><span>Use the foreign table to import data or perform associated queries.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul19822112321916"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li144722019181920">Import data.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__screen3472719121914"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text547261918196"></span> CREATE TABLE local_region
+(
+    R_REGIONKEY INT4,
+    R_NAME TEXT,
+    R_COMMENT TEXT
+);
+<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text44721019191912"></span>INSERT INTO local_region SELECT * FROM region;</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__p152452367539"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__note416884524515"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul10234145616549"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li142356560544">If a connection failure is reported, check the server information and ensure that the specified clusters are connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li52361756175417">If an error is reported, indicating that the table does not exist, check whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b10620340124813">option</strong> information of the foreign table is correct.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li1581513517564">If a column mismatch error is reported, check whether the column information of the foreign table is consistent with that of the corresponding table in the remote cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li10837131635714">If a version inconsistency error is reported, upgrade the cluster and try again.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li51538501492">If garbled characters are displayed, check the encoding format of the source data, re-create a foreign table, and specify the correct coding format.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li2696732114612">Perform an associated query.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__screen146981632124619"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text870013274610"></span>SELECT * FROM region, local_region WHERE local_region.R_NAME = region.R_NAME;</pre>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__p5334193911582"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__note10910429463"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__ul11678115655910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li1760557502">A foreign table can be used as a local table to perform complex jobs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li18681115685920">If statistics have been collected on the remote cluster, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b19482172818289">ANALYZE</strong> on the foreign table to obtain a better execution plan.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li164751358675">If there are fewer DNs in the local cluster than in the remote cluster, the local cluster needs to use SMP for better performance.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__li877510361491"><span>Delete the foreign table.</span><p><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__en-us_topic_0059779123_screen4163821517356"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__text191752815399"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001125261886__b1684492919197">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</strong> region; </pre>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Common Performance Parameter Optimization Design</h1>
+<div id="body0000001211922921"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p7283927184217"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p2047224881111">To improve the cluster performance, you can use multiple methods to optimize the database, including hardware configuration, software driver upgrade, and internal parameter adjustment of the database. This section describes some common parameters and recommended configurations.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ol14312191921519"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li133121619131511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b172791141917">query_dop</strong>: user-defined query degree of parallelism (DOP)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1273184252814">The SMP architecture uses abundant resources to obtain time. After the plan parallelism is executed, more resources are consumed, including the CPU, memory, I/O, and network bandwidth. As the DOP grows, the resource consumption increases.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul167621748192816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li77621748102810">When resources become a bottleneck, the SMP cannot improve the performance and may even deteriorate the performance. In the case of a resource bottleneck, you are advised to disable the SMP.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li72916534283">If resources are sufficient, the higher the DOP, the more the performance is improved.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p12472848181112">The SMP DOP can be configured at a session level and you are advised to enable the SMP before executing the query that meets the requirements. After the execution is complete, disable the SMP. Otherwise, SMP may affect services in peak hours.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p3472648121112">The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b126825585611">query_dop</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b6747601715">1</strong>. You can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b24599167719">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1483262117712">10</strong> to enable the SMP in a session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li118071144141919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b114054019718">enable_dynamic_workload</strong>: dynamic load management<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p147314486116">Dynamic load management refers to the automatic queue control of complex queries based on user loads in a database. This fine-tunes system parameters without manual adjustment.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1547319482113">This parameter is enabled by default. Notes:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul191071342186"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li110814416181">A CN in the cluster is used as the Central Coordinator (CCN) for collecting and scheduling job execution. To query this CN, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b66686153913">gs_om -t status --detail</strong>. Its status will be displayed in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b19668111516910">Central Coordinator State</strong>. If there is no CCN, jobs will not be controlled by dynamic load management.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li9477912101817">Simple query jobs (which are estimated to require less than 32 MB memory) and non-DML statements (statements other than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b83031925161119">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b15311152521119">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b18312102501119">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b631313254115">SELECT</strong>) have no adaptive load restrictions. Control the upper memory limits for them on a single CN using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b165689398118">max_active_statements</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li74778127186">The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b644011317127">work_mem</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b976412651616">64 MB</strong>. In adaptive load scenarios, the value cannot be increased. If you increase it, memory cannot be controlled for certain statements, such as statements that have not been analyzed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li215084151814">Reduce concurrency in the following scenarios, because high concurrency may lead to uncontrollable memory usage.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul4473114810117"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li18473184818111">A single tuple occupies excessive memory, for example, a base table contains a column more than 1 MB wide.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li9473148101111">A query is fully pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li4473548161118">A statement occupies a large amount of memory on the CN, for example, a statement that cannot be pushed down or a cursor withholding statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li20473548101117">An execution plan creates a hash table based on the hash join operator, and the table has many duplicate values and occupies a large amount of memory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li2473348101118">UDFs are used and occupy a large amount of memory.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p164733488111">When configuring this parameter, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1516915471161">query_dop</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b19104165201611">0</strong> (adaptive). In this case, the system dynamically selects the optimal DOP between 1 and 8 for each query based on resource usage and plan characteristics. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b20303646182">enable_dynamic_workload</strong> parameter supports the dynamic memory allocation.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li749462016218"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b2023010373185">max_active_statements</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1847314818115">Specifies the maximum number of concurrent jobs. This parameter applies to all the jobs on one CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p154741148111119">Set the value of this parameter based on system resources, such as CPU, I/O, and memory resources, to ensure that the system resources can be fully utilized and the system will not be crashed due to excessive concurrent jobs.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul9474144851114"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li142079223229">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b256713218219">-1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b8865184112114">0</strong>, the number of global concurrent jobs is not limited.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li1347424813115">In the point query scenario, you are advised to set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b19889182832116">100</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li174741748191117">In an analytical query scenario, set this parameter to the number of CPU cores divided by the number of DNs. Generally, its value ranges from 5 to 8.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li9995163252217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1823113318220">session_timeout</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p84741548111115">By default, if a client is in idle state after connecting to a database, the client automatically disconnects from the database after the duration specified by the parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p154741484119">You are advised to set this parameter to 0, indicating that the timeout setting is disabled to prevent disconnection due to timeout.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li15667105511125">The five parameters that affect the database memory are as follows:<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p4125185715124"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li15667105511125"></a><a name="li15667105511125"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1863013672419">max_process_memory</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b157710122414">shared_buffers</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b38313134241">cstore_buffers</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b77151716247">work_mem</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b18431112319244">maintenance_work_mem</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul184741489118"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li20474194812111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b5974123310246">max_process_memory</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p6474164811115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b3319135242419">max_process_memory</strong> is a logical memory management parameter. It is used to control the maximum available memory on a single CN or DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p24741448111111">Formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b241417128250">max_process_memory</strong> = Physical memory x 0.665/ (1 + Number of primary DNs)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li144741648101110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b076710280257">shared_buffers</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p647414481114">Specifies the size of the shared memory used by GaussDB(DWS). If the value of this parameter is increased, GaussDB(DWS) requires more System V shared memory than the default system setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1347424891114">You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b149631542285759">shared_buffers</strong> to a value less than 40% of the memory. It is used to scan row-store tables. Formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b14382195917261">shared_buffers</strong> = (Memory of a single server/Number of DNs on a single server) x 0.4 x 0.25</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul8474848111117"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li1475648161117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b71904164275">cstore_buffers</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__a89455377567f45b1ae13510f4a6cefc5">Specifies the size of the shared buffer used by column-store tables and column-store tables (ORC, Parquet, and CarbonData) of OBS and HDFS foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p11475948131113">For details about the calculation formula, see the formula in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1667075982818">shared_buffers</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul124751848141120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li1475114817117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b196227711299">work_mem</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p18758194994511">Specifies the size of the memory used by internal sequential operations and the Hash table before data is written into temporary disk files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p047554815117">Sort operations are required for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b130912393319">ORDER BY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b03102323311">DISTINCT</strong>, and merge joins. Hash tables are used in hash joins, hash-based aggregation, and hash-based processing of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b65488923319">IN</strong> subqueries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p047594810113">In a complex query, several sort or hash operations may run in parallel. Each operation will be allowed to use as much memory as this parameter specifies. If the memory is insufficient, data will be written into temporary files. In addition, several running sessions may be performing such operations concurrently. Therefore, the total memory used may be many times the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1673714783413">work_mem</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1147564819115">The formulas are as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p04751048191112">For non-concurrent complex serial queries, each query requires five to ten associated operations. Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1481018373518">work_mem</strong> using the following formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b181723163512">work_mem</strong> = 50% of the memory/10.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p11475134815118">For non-concurrent simple serial queries, each query requires two to five associated operations. Configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1211082093510">work_mem</strong> using the following formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b16111172015350">work_mem</strong> = 50% of the memory/5.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p154756488114">For concurrent queries, configure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1971117347357">work_mem</strong> using the following formula: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b4711103420358">work_mem</strong> = <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b9711173414354">work_mem</strong> for serial queries/Number of concurrent SQL statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li8475104881110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b6875627369">maintenance_work_mem</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p3476194871117"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b25539661885759">maintenance_work_mem</strong> specifies the maximum size of memory used for maintenance operations, involving <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b122194953685759">VACUUM</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b78166363485759">CREATE INDEX</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b71848242485759">ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p12476648131119">Setting suggestions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p8476134811111">If you set this parameter to a value greater than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b842352706202849">work_mem</strong>, database dump files can be cleaned up and restored more efficiently. In a database session, only one maintenance operation can be performed at a time. Maintenance is usually performed when there are not many sessions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p4476164818118">When the automatic cleanup process is running, up to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b102024591285759">autovacuum_max_workers</strong> times of the memory will be allocated. In this case, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b208366802585759">maintenance_work_mem</strong> to a value greater than or equal to that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b83064435985759">work_mem</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li848155713474"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b119213508418">bulk_write_ring_size</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p663217034816">Specifies the size of a ring buffer used for parallel data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p771216274811">This parameter affects the database import performance. You are advised to increase the value of this parameter on DNs when a large amount of data is to be imported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li123601954137">Two connection parameters:<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p75401463138"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li123601954137"></a><a name="li123601954137"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b11147143118436">max_connections</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b942144117432">max_prepared_transactions</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul147734881116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li1247719485113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1949965015435">max_connections</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p1747724831111">Specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections to the database. This parameter affects the concurrent processing capability of the cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p14477548101118">Setting suggestions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p16477104881120">Retain the default value of this parameter on CNs. Set this parameter on DNs to a value calculated using this formula: Number of CNs x Value of this parameter on a CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p20477148171115">If the value of this parameter is increased, GaussDB(DWS) may require more System V shared memory or semaphore, which may exceed the default maximum value of the OS. In this case, modify the value as needed.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__ul14781548111120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li154780488114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b126781119104916">max_prepared_transactions</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p12478648181115">Specifies the maximum number of transactions that can stay in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b9558195774919">prepared</strong> state simultaneously. If the value of this parameter is increased, GaussDB(DWS) requires more System V shared memory than the default system setting.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__note19635173215019"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p176358328505">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b102804921985759">max_connections</strong> is related to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b0622125595014">max_prepared_transactions</strong>. Before configuring <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b167058734385759">max_connections</strong>, ensure that the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b174539558085759">max_prepared_transactions</strong> is greater than or equal to that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b166195198385759">max_connections</strong>. In this way, each session has a prepared transaction in the waiting state.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li2094910576501"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b590917571514">checkpoint_completion_target</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p11478348141112">Specifies the target for which the checkpoint is completed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p6478748171114">Each checkpoint must be completed within 50% of the checkpoint interval.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p9478948101112">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b5951134135318">0.5</strong>. To improve the performance, you can change the value to 0.9.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li137841822115119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b833373055310">data_replicate_buffer_size</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p347834871114">Specifies the memory used by queues when the sender sends data pages to the receiver. The value of this parameter affects the buffer size used for the replication from the primary server to the standby server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p174780485110">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b179502561549">128 MB</strong>. If the server memory is 256 GB, you can increase the value to 512 MB.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__li171181142175112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b1988320103559">wal_receiver_buffer_size</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p447819481113">Specifies the memory buffer size for the standby and secondary servers to store the received XLOG files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__p13478134813114">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001211922921__b6611182215619">64 MB</strong>. If the server memory is 256 GB, you can increase the value to 128 MB.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PL/Java Usage</h1>
+<div id="body0000001183994868"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__ul18305191117205"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__li83061611182011">[Notice] Java UDFs can perform some Java logic calculation. Do not encapsulate services in Java UDFs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__li4306411192015">[Notice] Do not connect to a database in any way (for example, by using JDBC) in Java functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__li93061811192013">[Notice] Only the data types listed in the following table can be used. User-defined types and complex data types (Java Array and derived classes) are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__li93061911182016">[Notice] User-defined aggregation functions (UDAFs) and user-defined table-generating functions (UDTFs) are not supported.</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__table7470152762417" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PL/Java mapping for default data types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row52006273347"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p12221055173619"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_text1858749099">GaussDB(DWS)</span></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p182285553613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_b222555123617">Java</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row16200102783419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1322105512361">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1922175514367">boolean</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row132001827103418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1623155517366">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p22365583612">byte</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row192001627153420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1124175533612">bytea</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p324165512366">byte[]</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row52011027113413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1824155533619">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1424955103619">short</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row520182783411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p32475516360">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p72485573617">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row2126124903615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p112415517366">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p12410551363">long</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row113734619364"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1224175519367">FLOAT4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1324155513366">float</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row1220119277343"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p4245552369">FLOAT8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p132415556365">double</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row194001343143617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p524055113617">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p024195516368">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row989924003617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1724155512367">VARCHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p192418558360">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row120172753416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p92475512360">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p132411553366">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row1154313281354"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p42455515364">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p92645513367">java.lang.String</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row627313814365"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p426125515368">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p626175533613">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row9126123918355"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p142695523610">TIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p2261855153620">java.sql.Time (stored value treated as local time)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row47181243113513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p1826055193619">TIMETZ</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p726165553613">java.sql.Time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row16150193563516"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p52755593616">TIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p02745533610">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_row1445023473613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p9278556361">TIMESTAMPTZ</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001183994868__en-us_topic_0000001098974510_p927135543614">java.sql.Timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PL/pgSQL Usage</h1>
+<div id="body0000001184171920"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__section1823123962218"><h4 class="sectiontitle">General Principles</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol137561116204615"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li526781634619">Development shall strictly comply with design documents.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li17375112864613">Program modules shall be highly cohesive and loosely coupled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li149991046154615">Proper, comprehensive troubleshooting measures shall be developed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li125761413477">Code shall be reasonable and clear.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li63291917184714">Program names shall comply with a unified naming rule.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1813473894718">Fully consider the program efficiency, including the program execution efficiency and database query and storage efficiency. Use efficient and effective processing methods.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li6184336194817">Program comments shall be detailed, correct, and standard.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li25183112505">The commit or rollback operation shall be performed at the end of a stored procedure, unless otherwise required by applications.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li7109759155111">Programs shall support 24/7 processing. In the case of an interruption, the applications shall provide secure, easy-to-use resuming features.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1011451155213">Application output shall be standard and simple. The output shall show the progress, error description, and execution results for application maintenance personnel, and provide clear and intuitive reports and documents for business personnel.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__section11688203842317"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Programming Principles</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol19233141714588"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li14233917155817">Use bound variables in SQL statements in the PL/pgSQL.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li11321261037"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b88871740791533">RETURNING</strong> is recommended for SQL statements in PL/pgSQL.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li2629531739">Principles for using stored procedures:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol199971016765"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li16774416366">Do not use more than 50 output parameters of the Varchar or Varchar2 type in a stored procedure.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1557321781211">Do not use the LONG type for input or output parameters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1138710412176">Use the CLOB type for output strings that exceed 10 MB.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li132847596172">Variable declaration principles:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol10755159121718"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1497583771813">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b196830419091533">%TYPE</strong> to declare a variable that has the same meaning as that of a column or variable in an application table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li2018432211">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b117475611791533">%ROWTYPE</strong> to declare a record that has the same meaning as that of a row in an application table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li0865155142113">Each line of a variable declaration shall contain only one statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1619122111220">Do not declare variables of the LONG type.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li10647284220">Principles for using cursors:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol148419288225"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li33165012210">Explicit cursors shall be closed after being used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li19304155152314">A cursor variable shall be closed after being used. If the cursor variable needs to transfer data to an invoked application, the cursor shall be closed in the application. If the cursor variable is used only in a stored procedure, the cursor shall be closed explicitly.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li716222372218">Before using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b80591902991533">DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR</strong> to close a cursor, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b8796873591533">DBMS_SQL.IS_OPEN</strong> to check whether the cursor is open.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li19377554193313">Principles for collections:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol6443320341"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1567432133419">You are advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b37033348191533">FOR ALL</strong> statement instead of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b197245695491533">FOR</strong> loop statement to reference elements in a collection.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1828082819359">Principles for using dynamic statements:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol7864103473511"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1764043418355">Dynamic SQL shall not be used in the transaction programs of online systems.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li128510017368">Dynamic SQL statements can be used to implement DDL statements and system control commands in PL/pgSQL.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1558819133720">Variable binding is recommended.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1971198164011">Principles for assembling SQL statements:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol1416711817403"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li158741417154017">You are advised to use bound variables to assemble SQL statements.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li613363754010">If the conditions for assembling SQL statements contain external input sources, the characters in the input conditions shall be checked to prevent attacks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1927518154115">In a PL/pgSQL script, the length of a single line of code cannot exceed 2499 characters.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li10852729194218">Principles for using triggers:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol1453210384426"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li225510386421">Triggers can be used to implement availability design in scenarios where differential data logs are irrelevant to service processing.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1994572934310">Do not use triggers to implement service processing functions.</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__section18348046192416"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exception Handling Principles</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__p2502131717257">Any error that occurs in a PL/pgSQL function aborts the execution of the function and related transactions. You can use a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b53744960891533">BEGIN</strong> block with an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b61148574691533">EXCEPTION</strong> clause to catch and fix errors.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol41986525417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li2198652546">In a PL/pgSQL block, if an SQL statement cannot return a definite result, you are advised to handle exceptions (if any) in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b208080243991533">EXCEPTION</strong>. Otherwise, unhandled errors may be transferred to the external block and cause program logic errors.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li131111363310">You can directly use the exceptions that have been defined in the system. DWS does not support custom exceptions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li19115154314249">A block containing an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b56574212991533">EXCEPTION</strong> clause is more expensive to enter and exit than a block without one. Therefore, do not use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b139164493091533">EXCEPTION</strong> without need.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__section820413810237"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Writing Standard</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol07331119168"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li117411171611">Variable naming rules:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol325512189162"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li121181819165">The input parameter format of a procedure or function is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b186950309791533">IN_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__i45607710491533">Parameter_name</em>. The parameter name shall be in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1076618911216">The output parameter format of a procedure or function is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b41919788791533">OUT_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__i104450639991533">Parameter_name</em>. The parameter name shall be in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li12569155210214">The input and output parameter format of a procedure or function is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b2933247891533">IO_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__i118665964991533">Parameter_name</em>. The parameter name shall be in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li4546131862311">Variables used in procedures and functions shall be composed of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b179015869791533">v_</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__i208364524491533">Variable_name</em>. The variable name shall be in lower case.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li199502782418">In query concatenation, the concatenation variable name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b3335944191533">WHERE</strong> statement shall be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b143752001591533">v_where</strong>, and the concatenation variable name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b108766536291533">SELECT</strong> statement shall be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b41999915091533">v_select</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li261712019272">The record type (TYPE) name shall consist of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b143661953191533">T</strong> and a variable name. The name shall be in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1082414562272">A cursor name shall consist of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b84291059391533">CUR</strong> and a variable name. The name shall be in uppercase.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li186271728172911">The name of a reference cursor (REF CURSOR) shall consist of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b198810108791533">REF</strong> and a variable name. The name shall be in uppercase.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li736762718408">Rules for defining variable types:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol72412396408"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li18629153814403">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b125441041891533">%TYPE</strong> to declare the type of a variable that has the same meaning as that of a column in an application table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1717762424112">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b42855606891533">%ROWTYPE</strong> to declare the type of a record that has the same meaning as that of a row in an application table.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1785672914446">Rules for writing comments:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol1268093914417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li194081639184416">Comments shall be meaningful and shall not just repeat the code content.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li178375815447">Comments shall be concise and easy to understand. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li18925193814458">Comments shall be provided at the beginning of each stored procedure or function. The comments shall contain a brief function description, author, compilation date, program version number, and program change history. The format of the comments at the beginning of stored procedures shall be the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li163491273472">Comments shall be provided next to the input and output parameters to describe the meaning of variables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li53209524472">Comments shall be provided at the beginning of each block or large branch to briefly describe the function of the block. If an algorithm is used, comments shall be provided to describe the purpose and result of the algorithm.</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li14643145024819">Variable declaration format:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__p9458165014"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li14643145024819"></a><a name="li14643145024819"></a>Each line shall contain only one statement. To assign initial values, write them in the same line.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1519858184917">Letter case:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__p3191181165011"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1519858184917"></a><a name="li1519858184917"></a>Use uppercase letters except for variable names.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li131901726155016">Indentation:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__p2662153445019"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li131901726155016"></a><a name="li131901726155016"></a>In the statements used for creating a stored procedure, the keywords <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b95800595191533">CREATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b25356134391533">AS/IS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b22301207491533">BEGIN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b195476150991533">END</strong> at the same level shall have the same indent.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li169608420512">Statement rules:<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__ol20775948185110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li15399124814515">For statements that define variables, Each line shall contain only one statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li74811342521">The keywords <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b166778095391533">IF</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b118817496191533">ELSE IF</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b208462520991533">ELSE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b45600632791533">END</strong> at the same level shall have the same indent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li9898183385211">The keywords <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b87394167391533">CASE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b92107517291533">END</strong> shall have the same indent. The keywords <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b158339472991533">WHEN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b204710970791533">ELSE</strong> shall be indented.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__li1169575675210">The keywords <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b85224529991533">LOOP</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001184171920__b80002613591533">END LOOP</strong> at the same level shall have the same indent. Nested statements or statements at lower levels shall have more indent.</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0985.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0985.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fde9e476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0985.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262691545"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262691545"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Migration</h1>
+<div id="body0000001262691545"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262691545__p4560141554"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0180.html">Data Migration to GaussDB(DWS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0179.html">Data Import</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0986.html">Full Database Migration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0987.html">Metadata Migration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0249.html">Data Export</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0988.html">Other Operations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_1000.html">Developer Guide</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0986.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0986.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab7d8e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0986.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262693235"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262693235"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Full Database Migration</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001262693235"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262693235__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0219.html">Using CDM to Migrate Data to GaussDB(DWS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_01_0127.html">Using DSC to Migrate SQL Scripts</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0987.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0987.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7549d644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0987.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001218372162"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001218372162"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Metadata Migration</h1>
+<div id="body0000001218372162"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001218372162__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0269.html">Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Metadata</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0209.html">Using gs_restore to Import Data</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0988.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0988.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14db9ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0988.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001263093187"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001263093187"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Other Operations</h1>
+<div id="body0000001263093187"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001263093187__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0279.html">GDS Pipe FAQs</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0228.html">Checking for Data Skew</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0994.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0994.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4336e87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0994.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001411833809"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001411833809"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Sensitive Data Management</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001411833809"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001411833809__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0061.html">Row-Level Access Control</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0062.html">Data Redaction</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0995.html">Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0043.html">Database Security Management</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0995.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0995.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8d4cb3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0995.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Using Functions for Encryption and Decryption</h1>
+<div id="body0000001361433920"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p148651329172812">GaussDB(DWS) supports encryption and decryption of strings using the following functions:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ul134425616545"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li244919312195">gs_encrypt(encryptstr, keystr, cryptotype, cryptomode, hashmethod)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p1944912311919"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li244919312195"></a><a name="li244919312195"></a>Description: Encrypts an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1827514237408">encryptstr</strong> string using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1283182364012">keystr</strong> key based on the encryption algorithm specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1428392384016">cryptotype</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b7284923144010">cryptomode</strong> and the HMAC algorithm specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b15285122311405">hashmethod</strong>, and returns the encrypted string. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b121811126144014">cryptotype</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b3182132618401">aes128</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b718217269408">aes192</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b131836266409">aes256</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1718420263402">sm4</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1656823112405">cryptomode</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b6576193184011">cbc</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1720033319401">hashmethod</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b192001335401">sha256</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b720093384012">sha384</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b122001333164010">sha512</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1200533114019">sm3</strong>. Currently, the following types of data can be encrypted: numerals supported in the database; character type; RAW in binary type; and DATE, TIMESTAMP, and SMALLDATETIME in date/time type. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b916910374408">keystr</strong> length is related to the encryption algorithm and contains 1 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b0176183719404">KeyLen</strong> bytes. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b41311240104016">cryptotype</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b11319407409">aes128</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b151311440134016">sm4</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1132104014015">KeyLen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b813213406405">16</strong>; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b161321140124018">cryptotype</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b7132124034014">aes192</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b14132134034018">KeyLen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b9132124084014">24</strong>; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b113294016401">cryptotype</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1613224024020">aes256</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b16133114014401">KeyLen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b213394054017">32</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p164491332199">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p16449173121914">Length of the return value: at least 4 x [(maclen + 56)/3] bytes and no more than 4 x [(Len + maclen + 56)/3] bytes, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b16743644134019">Len</strong> indicates the string length (in bytes) before the encryption and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b16750164420405">maclen</strong> indicates the length of the HMAC value. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b13750144444017">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b117501844184012">sha256</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b10750144414017">sm3</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b475074434016">maclen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b275064424014">32</strong>; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b11751194410405">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b19751184413409">sha384</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b6751744194013">maclen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b14751124413403">48</strong>; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1075164444018">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b20751344154018">sha512</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b0751144494020">maclen</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b10752174414013">64</strong>. That is, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b24386473401">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b164456471404">sha256</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b18445194724010">sm3</strong>, the returned string contains 120 to 4 x [(Len + 88)/3] bytes; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b13445114712408">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b204451047124020">sha384</strong>, the returned string contains 140 to 4 x [(Len + 104)/3] bytes; if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b8446194710408">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b17446947164013">sha512</strong>, the returned string contains 160 to 4 x [(Len + 120)/3] bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p444910315194">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__screen244912311197"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_encrypt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'GaussDB(DWS)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'aes128'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cbc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'sha256'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                        </span><span class="n">gs_encrypt</span><span class="w">                                                        </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAAAACcFjDcCSbop7D87sOa2nxTFrkE9RJQGK34ypgrOPsFJIqggI8tl</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">eMDcQYT3po98wPCC7VBfhv7mdBy7IVnzdrp0rdMrD6</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zTl8w0v9</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s2OA</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__note1344973131915"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ul1593565219442"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li2089347173115">This function is supported by version 8.1.1 or later clusters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li693575254420">A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record this function in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b153028011419">gsql</strong> by paging up and down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li189351552104416">Do not use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b594742174116">ge_encrypt</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1194742194113">gs_encrypt_aes128</strong> functions for the same data table.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li1552862115386">gs_decrypt(decryptstr, keystr, cryptotype, cryptomode, hashmethod)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p78921348171812"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li1552862115386"></a><a name="li1552862115386"></a>Description: Decrypts a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b81766694110">decryptstr</strong> string using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1182464416">keystr</strong> key based on the encryption algorithm specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b91831969414">cryptotype</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b181839613415">cryptomode</strong> and the HMAC algorithm specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b118314634120">hashmethod</strong>, and returns the decrypted string. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b49641574411">keystr</strong> used for decryption must be consistent with that used for encryption. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b98091194412">keystr</strong> cannot be empty.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p1689344811812">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p19893648171820">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__screen1889384814180"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_decrypt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAAAACcFjDcCSbop7D87sOa2nxTFrkE9RJQGK34ypgrOPsFJIqggI8tl+eMDcQYT3po98wPCC7VBfhv7mdBy7IVnzdrp0rdMrD6/zTl8w0v9/s2OA=='</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'aes128'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cbc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sha256'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">gs_decrypt</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GaussDB</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DWS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__note168931148111818"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ul182621953154813"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li313019612328">This function is supported by version 8.1.1 or later clusters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li16262145316484">A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record this function in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b103441721114119">gsql</strong> by paging up and down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li326220533482">This function works with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b3761623184111">gs_encrypt</strong> function, and the two functions must use the same encryption algorithm and HMAC algorithm.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__lfca7dea5c82849adbfe41acf6f121bda">gs_encrypt_aes128(encryptstr,keystr)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__addf697453f6d4483932a86dd616d176f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__lfca7dea5c82849adbfe41acf6f121bda"></a><a name="lfca7dea5c82849adbfe41acf6f121bda"></a>Description: Encrypts <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b2013626184115">encryptstr</strong> strings using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1414122634110">keystr</strong> as the key and returns encrypted strings. The length of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b55003279414">keystr</strong> ranges from 1 to 16 bytes. Currently, the following types of data can be encrypted: numerals supported in the database; character type; RAW in binary type; and DATE, TIMESTAMP, and SMALLDATETIME in date/time type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__a261cb21a20c64c27b6feee99dc2bd092">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p165132855810">Length of the return value: At least 92 bytes and no more than (4*[<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__i188193284111">Len</em>/3]+68) bytes, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__i1294632164118">Len</em> indicates the length of the data before encryption (unit: byte).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ad5c69250d3874381b8fc46537ee3c4c4">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__s773caa26d00244aaadbe112a57a07c2a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_encrypt_aes128</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'MPPDB'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                               </span><span class="n">gs_encrypt_aes128</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">gwditQLQG8NhFw4OuoKhhQJoXojhFlYkjeG0aYdSCtLCnIUgkNwvYI04KbuhmcGZp8jWizBdR1vU9CspjuzI0lbz12A</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__note215923432512"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ul0601044164913"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li860134417495">A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record this function in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b8491123718410">gsql</strong> by paging up and down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li35260210501">Do not use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1223683917414">ge_encrypt</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b2023663964110">gs_encrypt_aes128</strong> functions for the same data table.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__l86debe14b77545dabb00f3981aee68f7">gs_decrypt_aes128(decryptstr,keystr)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__a92ba9204566a43caa344f9ce83d855b3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__l86debe14b77545dabb00f3981aee68f7"></a><a name="l86debe14b77545dabb00f3981aee68f7"></a>Description: Decrypts a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b184542184115">decryptstr</strong> string using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b785174274115">keystr</strong> key and returns the decrypted string. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b219884312414">keystr</strong> used for decryption must be consistent with that used for encryption. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b39151945184112">keystr</strong> cannot be empty.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__aed6a2dcba6ff4362881176ebb87178d2">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__a076237f476664575934af056d8ec08e6">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__s6e827374dd8d4fec8502601f98c2a392"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_decrypt_aes128</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gwditQLQG8NhFw4OuoKhhQJoXojhFlYkjeG0aYdSCtLCnIUgkNwvYI04KbuhmcGZp8jWizBdR1vU9CspjuzI0lbz12A='</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_decrypt_aes128</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MPPDB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__note1688334020262"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__ul20891555320"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li189135205317">A decryption password is required during the execution of this function. For security purposes, the gsql tool does not record this function in the execution history. That is, the execution history of this function cannot be found in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b8317155184117">gsql</strong> by paging up and down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li20895545312">This function works with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b363165344114">gs_encrypt_aes128</strong> function.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li164891932102916">gs_hash(hashstr, hashmethod)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p34111329153015"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__li164891932102916"></a><a name="li164891932102916"></a>Description: Obtains the digest string of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b0231455314">hashstr</strong> string based on the algorithm specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b152381051134">hashmethod</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b24961069317">hashmethod</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b349715616313">sha256</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b7497126432">sha384</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1249826930">sha512</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b124991561733">sm3</strong>. This function is supported by version 8.1.1 or later clusters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p4489193213292">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p8950122213456">Length of the return value: 64 bytes if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b12598169638">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b3606591733">sha256</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b1460679934">sm3</strong>; 96 bytes if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b166071091531">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b10607396315">sha384</strong>; 128 bytes if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b11608495317">hashmethod</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__b16608394317">sha512</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__p144891328291">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001361433920__screen6489163218298"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'GaussDB(DWS)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sha256'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                             </span><span class="n">gs_hash</span><span class="w">                                              </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e59069daa6541ae20af7c747662702c731b26b8abd7a788f4d15611aa0db608efdbb5587ba90789a983f85dd51766609</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0994.html">Sensitive Data Management</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0998.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0998.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d0bab4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_0998.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">MPP_TABLES</h1>
+<div id="body0000001359384802"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p17575917191412"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__b1378125718496">MPP_TABLES</strong> displays information about tables in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__b1525044618490">PGXC_CLASS</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__table1047810881918" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>MPP_TABLES columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row1548010821920"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p18918142318192">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1291852316199">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p17918223141912">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row194811689194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p103971239175114">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p3397539195113">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p8397153905115">Name of the schema that contains the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row1029615504337"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p63981839135111">tablename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p939863920518">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1039818398514">Name of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row9481583195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p143982039205112">tableowner</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1339933995113">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p639919394516">Owner of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row14571522143810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p739918392514">tablespace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p9399133905113">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1839993925116">Tablespace where the table is located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row184811787195"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1040016394512">pgroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p134001339175113">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p19400123945114">Name of a node cluster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__row16658127123917"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1940093995116">nodeoids</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p44001439195113">oidvector_extend</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001359384802__p1400193915512">List of distributed table node OIDs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_1000.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_1000.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd49ac2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_1000.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227297562"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227297562"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">Developer Guide</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001227297562"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227297562__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0001.html">Welcome</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0007.html">System Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0985.html">Data Migration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0042.html">Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0043.html">Database Security Management</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0074.html">Development and Design Proposal</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0085.html">Guide: JDBC- or ODBC-Based Development</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0301.html">PostGIS Extension</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0393.html">Resource Monitoring</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0400.html">Query Performance Optimization</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0507.html">User-Defined Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0512.html">Stored Procedures</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0559.html">System Catalogs and System Views</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_04_0946.html">Glossary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_2000.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_2000.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd4f2be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_2000.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227137586"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227137586"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">SQL Syntax Reference</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001227137586"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001227137586__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0001.html">GaussDB(DWS) SQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0002.html">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0007.html">Keyword</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0026.html">Constant and Macro</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0116.html">System Operation</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0117.html">Controlling Transactions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0276.html">DQL Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0270.html">GIN Indexes</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_3333.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_04_3333.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f778f43
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Change History</h1>
+<div id="body0000001373181981">
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__table197341118152912" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__row7734218162918"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.57%" id="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p973481819299">Released On</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="89.42999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p147351918182918">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__row1779195502918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.57%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p1180155182914">2022-11-17</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="89.42999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p18017555299">This issue is the first official release, adapts to DWS 8.1.1.202.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p207571523204917">Feature Changes:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p16416102819499"><a href="dws_04_0883.html">GUC Parameters</a>:Added the GUC parameter included enable_light_colupdate,bi_page_reuse_factor,expand_hashtable_ratio,query_dop_ratio,enable_row_fast_numeric,enable_view_update,enable_grant_option).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p311053215018"><a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a>:Added the function included pgxc_wlm_get_schema_space(cstring),pgxc_wlm_analyze_schema_space(cstring),median(expression),gs_password_expiration,pgxc_get_lock_conflicts(),percentile_disc(const) within group(order by expression),percentile_cont(const) within group(order by expression).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p8844121675114"><a href="dws_04_0639.html">System Views</a>:Added system views included PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO,PGXC_TOTAL_SCHEMA_INFO_ANALYZE,GS_WLM_SQL_ALLOW,PGXC_BULKLOAD_PROGRESS,PGXC_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS,PG_BULKLOAD_STATISTICS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p315818140528"><a href="dws_06_0007.html">Keyword</a>:Added keywords included EXPIRATION,IFNULL and TIMESTAMPDIFF.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p11851214537"><a href="dws_06_0168.html">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</a>:Added Custom data redaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001373181981__p11862055155317"><a href="dws_04_0042.html">Syntax Compatibility Differences Among Oracle, Teradata, and MySQL</a>:Added MySQL Syntax Compatibility Differences .</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0001.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0001.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91ff157b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GaussDB(DWS) SQL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__section07961139165815"><h4 class="sectiontitle">What Is SQL?</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__p9917233165915">SQL is a standard computer language used to control the access to databases and manage data in databases.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__p291713325917">SQL provides different statements to enable you to:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__ul1847894716216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__li1647717471021">Query data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__li1347711473219">Insert, update, and delete rows.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__li104774477217">Create, replace, modify, and delete objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__li1647716471127">Control the access to a database and its objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__li1847712471124">Maintain the consistency and integrity of a database.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__p16181610172110">SQL consists of commands and functions that are used to manage databases and database objects. SQL can also forcibly implement the rules for data types, expressions, and texts. Therefore, section "SQL Reference" describes data types, expressions, functions, and operators in addition to SQL syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__s8b41fc9c831240e4b12d543b45b59369"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Development of SQL Standards</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__ad35ce5cc14914757a3c2cac53db75c8d">Released SQL standards are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__u613a95c063bb4272b9ebe8aacd366d88"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__l845e38d17a0b4788b19f8f2832252c40">1986: ANSI X3.135-1986, ISO/IEC 9075:1986, SQL-86</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__l868de292ab8a419eacb7a03a07b44b52">1989: ANSI X3.135-1989, ISO/IEC 9075:1989, SQL-89</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__l4149eace3fce48b6aa04c8a27c2ef197">1992: ANSI X3.135-1992, ISO/IEC 9075:1992, SQL-92 (SQL2)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__lc91c7a453e634ef48c1661df32ca9cbb">1999: ISO/IEC 9075:1999, SQL:1999 (SQL3)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__l621e4baa96db4767998324013f5d38ab">2003: ISO/IEC 9075:2003, SQL:2003 (SQL4)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__ld030a461afc54705b8191b98a2a44063">2011: ISO/IEC 9075:200N, SQL:2011 (SQL5)</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__sf77a56bb2dd54b45a258f58053c92042"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Supported SQL Standards</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__a9f7124325e1c4f69ad21313cdc05ca19"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__text2134350450">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is compatible with <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830595__en-us_topic_0085032346_text9722153615573">Postgres-XC</span> features and supports the major features of SQL2, SQL3, and SQL4 by default.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0002.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0002.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b810d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099184938"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099184938"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099184938__en-us_topic_0000001099130966_p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0003.html">GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0004.html">Data Type Differences</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0005.html">Function Differences</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0006.html">PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0003.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0003.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ec3e451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GaussDB(DWS) gsql, PostgreSQL psql, and libpq</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_section16364143664812"><h4 class="sectiontitle">GaussDB(DWS) gsql and PostgreSQL psql</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_p2531141514131">GaussDB(DWS) gsql differs from PostgreSQL psql in that the former has made the following changes to enhance security:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_ul82051913151417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li8205913131412">User passwords cannot be set by running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b6225207191712">\password</strong> meta-command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li1274618538403">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b10457625201915">\i+</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b16992103701916">\ir+</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b98434411918">\include_relative+</strong> meta-commands and the input and output parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b3959124172020">-k</strong> are added to encrypt imported and exported files.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li568272154111">Historical command lines cannot be printed to files using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b1487584802020">\s</strong> meta-command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li1898782119142">SQL statements related to sensitive operations, such as those containing passwords, are not recorded. Users cannot see such records when they turn pages or press up or down arrow keys to view the SQL history.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li195771529594">After a connection is set up, a message is displayed to inform users of password expiration and to show version information.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_p1839663620149">gsql provides the following additional functions based on psql:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_ul527752052917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li197648537328">The output format parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b9874111319328">-r</strong> is added to allow you to adjust the focus by pressing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b1499613429339">Tab</strong> key or arrow keys when entering commands.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li17277132082916">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b4145165215353">\parallel</strong> meta-command is added to improve execution performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li57687145517">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_b13205151615493">\set RETRY</strong> meta-command is added to support retry upon statement errors.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_li824015207332">Slashes (/) are used as the default terminator at the end of PL/SQL statements CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_section695110143405"><h4 class="sectiontitle">libpq</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099504750__en-us_topic_0000001098811116_p211294719405">During the development of certain GaussDB(DWS) functions such as the gsql client connection tool, PostgreSQL libpq is greatly modified. However, the libpq interface is not verified in application development. You are not advised to use this set of APIs for application development, because underlying risks probably exist. You can use the ODBC or JDBC APIs instead.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0002.html">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0004.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0004.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..675a9893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Type Differences</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732__en-us_topic_0000001098971076_p59961316131215">For details about supported data types by GaussDB(DWS), see <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732__en-us_topic_0000001098971076_p552015718539">The following PostgreSQL data type is not supported:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732__en-us_topic_0000001098971076_ul185451012529"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732__en-us_topic_0000001098971076_li108541710195217">Lines, a geometric type</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099664732__li144415311589">pg_node_tree</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0002.html">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0005.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0005.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28c0978d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Function Differences</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_p1376811351146">For details about the functions supported by GaussDB(DWS), see <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_p37273122557">The following PostgreSQL functions are not supported:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_ul2639171191817"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li6639101171810">Enum support functions</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li54499537554">Access privilege inquiry functions<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_ul77951317565"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li1142018585556">has_sequence_privilege(user, sequence, privilege)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li263973317560">has_sequence_privilege(sequence, privilege)</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li181191318155318">System catalog information functions<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_ul10443349115315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li2020164685313">pg_get_triggerdef(trigger_oid)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li10209174619536">pg_get_triggerdef(trigger_oid, pretty_bool)</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li16740113212571">Line functions</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145944737__en-us_topic_0000001145650927_li107512497124">pg_node_tree</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0002.html">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0006.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0006.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c333675a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PostgreSQL Features Unsupported by GaussDB(DWS)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_ul869073391717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li16611725132411">Table inheritance</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li586543310012">Table creation features:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_ul116012037315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li164988215566">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_b5564551151615">REFERENCES reftable [ (refcolumn) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ]</strong> to create a foreign key constraint for a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li242011715565">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b14522142282610">EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] )</strong> to create exclusion constraints for a table.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li1865181515586">Define or change the security tag of an object.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li187514420467">User-defined C functions</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li1778942216367">Create, modify, and delete operators.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li13212143311377">Create, modify, and delete operator classes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li1579024715572">Create, modify, and delete operator families.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li188688101275">Create, modify, and delete text search parsers.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li103716525917">Create, modify, and delete text search templates.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li17779174415109">Create, modify, and delete collations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li13466630192015">Create and delete rules.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li1101016194213">Register, modify, and delete languages.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li147051421114314">Create, modify, and delete domains.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li45013122458">Define, modify, and delete the conversion of character set encoding.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li127961455466">Define and delete casts.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li4564110115117">Define, modify, and delete user mapping.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li4635151883820">Generate a notification.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li674513520387">Listen to a notification.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li7697633392">Stop listening to a notification.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li119631972396">Load or reload a shared library file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li473185812386">Release the session resources of a database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li20703174518416">Move a cursor backward.</li></ul>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_p18365123103113">The following features are disabled in GaussDB(DWS) for separation of rights:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_ul1449053013318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li19490730103114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b13523181085317">TO PUBLIC</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b1752491075318">GRANT</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__en-us_topic_0000001145651061_li399155116318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b1385905072512">COPY FROM FILE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b7211553162515">COPY TO FILE</strong> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145864621__b3328165718259">COPY</strong></li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0002.html">Differences Between GaussDB(DWS) and PostgreSQL</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0007.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0007.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51122ac0
--- /dev/null
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Keyword</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdfac631bc124c138402c81d7323d3ac">The SQL contains reserved and non-reserved words. Standards require that reserved keywords not be used as other identifiers. Non-reserved keywords have special meanings only in a specific environment and can be used as identifiers in other environments.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__t7a9e3de4684846a29aff2962f6f7659f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQL keywords</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfd3b363d917b44f28a579c7c9c9be1e9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62d388d6d35a48fca79586310f499983">Keyword</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a496cd51e5c2740719e4098e0bcc3870a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__text1802774897">GaussDB(DWS)</span></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a756b7f7f395d409abdca6d475c775e04">SQL:1999</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a41c3f3fba6814578a8ea83fcca6f416a">SQL-92</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1eddf16930e6417396532f1fc1d2efd5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9b5dfe9cb9b4ae3aa1c313ce458789a">ABORT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02c36b5b90cd460dbedf7e60ef477c0e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fa10901c5c743a4acf8ecf6df6be75d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3c8e3492c3fe4e798d6536c4ad4bd939">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf765b2b225fc4cfcbe9b5026e4609d59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a116f2359a26a414ea59f023cb25388a4">ABS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a28b7cbf5eabc4f32a4ace4f2a98fd938">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac47ad07375c24c8eb2bd81d5afb56330">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d2a0a005ece481783208056c287c792">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r563ab05c5c79400d8de30a3958ac9fb5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae3cd8e9529994378b31260104127a7f2">ABSOLUTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aedd9026930f84deb8b4dbead84586e73">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0db1d6c087e74489ac24c8fd8a50a2f0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a305301f684c142d386d823ea2f90ed7b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9a557664e06f47dd8b4773afcdedd4aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae98584542caf41379ba124f9228ea76b">ACCESS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40156bb91e4b499dbf40c95b5d47148a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2858cb4714f64213910106d651be637f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4a93a2595b844b94bcbce398e50fa3cd">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7a66af91d540402580f1e51e5a823a3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1ad6ed60aeb4ac08cd9107ee8433934">ACCOUNT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada29a6a14370457fabca68ea5bf8fe39">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac84bcee420f44a88e8c4f7f7e3d7dfc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c7f0f0b34c2494fb3d933f28b5fd920">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6586ae62aedd447b927d746c5d5f3859"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa133e06d2b30440196798419580973bf">ACTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f97d894e733411994970c31966aaf96">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac99ee1c4cf564d1cb958b8d5a21a82ec">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a06171376cf954f4ca4c263c05700c46e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re7b70412387542b0b0354835c9730e07"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e4b3c8088744d32a019107a11e39d2e">ADA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f384744fcc743949485727af63fd46d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb14703ab00749b4a090fe5539202a65">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62120829d1ba43e8b4023ccccd8e26fa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re72216290b004c6283440505d07f1d20"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47bf4fea6be3406dadddb8ae45d5770d">ADD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0473f3f8daa046c8aafbe301cb8c9b0a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3de63f8b623b43688997047bebc51c8f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27dd2f2f3d384c6ea2aca195b9740209">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdbd5a85a048f43138bcc33e33342c19a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad793b196c23c4775a4c8e778114fbd5f">ADMIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac16b76f74d164d47a34b49c70240ba8d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6866fc69cf34011a175edbb5d365914">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f29d83e2b6341b58ebf3aa703ef0c57">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdebef049829d4d5eaa3024a9ee266a8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7cc3b23f963b4e6e9611f7a7075aa726">AFTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b39bcbd4eab4e57bcf1ba98fef38612">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6135a48d2f6b496fafe69c8f9882a4f7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3e6e96aabc74c2bbc8ec9f1bc815b55">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r03c20324798b4f729cd93d4976d1aed3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fd0cf1a579e4458a5675140934d4ee1">AGGREGATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac24b61c6d93b4d0eb1d588d4c59a906a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a17942c98142544c69d3fabbd6cb22da4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a96e9e19f3dd348b0a5b6c9bb4518449f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd541f178d61e49c09ea27bca622bcd7c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2528a2d38f6d41ad828ea0356d475d90">ALIAS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2de88417f50348e8b16531dae70d4ea2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2136de270f424a5d9e8566444fc278be">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a133a36d77f36497eb79203f30b0196e9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3414f7a729734d6e87cd883e2a83fcd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a246e062bd51249888e624852fac0bc08">ALL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40f87c503b0e468794566fff0974cfc6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac87f55359ad34803848cfb21f17a74f2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05962dd416af4aecb1b4f15e4d46c0dd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d800a1c7e904c5595a444043bf20d71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae24eab0f4af34c8cbb49d8ff0463a713">ALLOCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78b61b5f4a654e758a1c62aa9b8420a5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a884b7caed11143ac93ac25c8858c097b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa5c500826c6d4b99abde00a7caf6a77b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7c3fe58278d841e48ccd288a74c92185"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a890dda214ce7441cb243bdd5925ca342">ALSO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ba6525680b04bce97609c5ac30b30a3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6f0f9ad81e2848b5b382e6eb8fdd1d7c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5b374412222942e4a91ee223cce67c91">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9a2c31fac2d942208db51f614a401fd7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a212615a76c6b48b98dd8331b08e454d0">ALTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4482df860ade4216b4d98f5ce6558685">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a510b24360ad4442bba52d5bed233ad3e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdd9549692844753b9fe67767c35090c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r387b7e3ff32b4558ae547632897b497e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad91ef7ba8ef642afa6c96c280036638a">ALWAYS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a89c27d028edf4c1791715e0ecc382c9d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa8c8d03f59b14bcc8a09f64338e19cb3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a55dc5844741c4affbd12a35bf79a39d8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r00b6754de13f4f14b59b4778b5d65f31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e19e0cc90c54d50a126438a847971d0">ANALYSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab775e84ff4b64ef1a5f8995bd09bb40a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c5b1210915149fcb839258bda6dab3a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac3db5ba1075d4a229e698c6d07c0357a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r75ae29342756401b8f660dc7d2b6ae8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a309c71183f5f4c7f96d876ce6021bbda">ANALYZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f6b3d6c54684a679c5b68873600d49b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac2971276af3041fda6d4be27962676c4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa31c33bdb7ae4fce8a313570aaabd2ee">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72a3c46a256945aab73caa8d4a4e2941">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2eb0f793ce554464a099408c35f36379">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29cac8dd34cc4d91a2c14f84a9c2adef">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a984af5e6abdb4e87a1a3d2724ff3021e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16123438a4c64d3a820e746aceaec969">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r35029db8c29a426bbd2d8f426cef26eb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07f3a54c679241e89de914c393f3b4f1">APP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac312935be6b04bfba4b3cc5281291735">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b2413cf5105473985add7fa7abdd4dd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa8f3c987dd894fc0bf6f05555deaa7e8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6930bf0a587c40609c78e136018fc94f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aada944b477234a2690447136e5fdf474">ARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d56381da56740dbbb4320a0da7830db">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0a3d168583144d93ab4d33a66437b811">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a57bfbfd08040ebbfbef4252878d564">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb5052408dd2747a099fe56996e46de3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72b6508bc65441369f5f201955755756">ARRAY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35f66d5286d647d1beed19f7a44de7ad">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a969725fc6560430bb4e39b42a21c7b3e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae83cf75ecc564a53a2ebff255648e0ca">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rff5d6e8a23dc4f1181ad7362ea6a1c7a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__addf273a27ace4fcd9cb0d82e810e62c8">AS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9d3ac2621d64aa29f5b499b1da58750">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a60e761c1aa4fd09a024b3fa7a3ab26">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad450a5a00d164ae293bfb31479bda57c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd747a0f35e7846a396cbcef519c8a5c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adcb31b3568254b57a63900ab13294556">ASC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12b793d9ae5342dbbba8257e31db45b1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2d3d00a987e74fab9e51f2ec931e03c3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2bfabbd454a4fcbbcea4bd055e648c1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0206be78e25f4518bd3d212c7473cde0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae745c8d14ddb45609125214cf3c5a1b6">ASENSITIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a248dceeeaab04822b05f23515b2c9e7b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a043185cc4f6141929353f0c88f665852">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a54abff6fb36147d6a3bc03e7df1e07a5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r73ab57d489fc401087b1ade3bc76f6ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6fe9ba5507704757857fdc3fef5925b7">ASSERTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb76f7b96f85483f8fca534b3c4e23b7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0365abc426d4dffa51c1b9c26bd255f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2d90550d3d3548c2bcaaffee73dc574e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb302fc324dd04b19a7feb53b7b0cfd9f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6d1cf8f766d24eedb8049287178b9aa5">ASSIGNMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa37657872c10458d8f13de4d95e0ccdc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad9433f67cbf545f1976f5e1bc0131981">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad73b157179094f59bb1b34a5f5cae32e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd62ab1897bac49bea4d7f8241cfe1dbb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3b417c422c340ecbb8ac10e82a14264">ASYMMETRIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab87c836a2bf9478b97693773255536a9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a71b0ce8bca1441eaa6a073e67fff6acf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafa492b08cc24b6abc411adf987fef5c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5b2dfc6a994f4a829b9403b9cb015c52"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abbdf3152a9eb46499f204e0c6d3abd9d">AT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad939c9a7a4564a7fa42b8ac2e56a6c58">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7844546593834543bfd0c28c1641e824">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07bf4256a577476d93558e6dadd86d4c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0ab18044fe8140e4970343ce44ccf9de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24435437f4a24ed9af0956ed9d5ba99b">ATOMIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a43f6d8d73c204b5993a44f085e5c5a9a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ab5e6fe3e224cfebfc572cbd09a919d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a753a741482cf4f93b1f969c5df711b70">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re627c5a599f04fdb8cbdc02931754b1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a627e913493514fcb87d76363b6005db3">ATTRIBUTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7202ff5a2a0d4208845a8dd302027716">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abc0f684f9df74a4fae99a825d8831d7f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3f7f40f4f2b544f09e59e2629bff2d41">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf90177d640dc46e98e9510184dc50535"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ddffa7d9e494914a95ecb242ada7b67">AUTHID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a072787f9f80a4054acf9005629ce7c6b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf9d4add66014984bc15c9f9c9547885">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6aba7341817c45cca6282ceb22db9307">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row4482151235412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p146721149547">AUTHINFO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p567251405411">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p167241415544">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16672111418548">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8a62f11b57554a1789654c7b37976c3d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a68c2a96e7fe74e958017c65e2cc1e5a3">AUTHORIZATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7f80fa5dd524df2a82ac67fb32ce4b5">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ea6e7ea44f74550af595d3b7c6e757b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a20446cf30f79462a963f1f174bd0105a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbe94d6d35f1146b49c3b8fa522a8c005"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae012b20932ca45aa8617ded853775490">AUTOEXTEND</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee61c6bdd0524f338617f60059c712ad">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8de8fd5549bc4c80955fb976a408b9a5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a408dc3ab8e194ffda34b0a44250c3daa">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbe8ba2e5b2d6475cac88570ee234cb84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1ebb5d816707415b9893e6f15bc46cb8">AUTOMAPPED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84e31590026f495381550d936a553f2a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac500acb78f98433e95a26c18eddc8953">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4fef330ae40c4885a78f4b19391a0c94">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab8dab8d086ee4a76a91afef7c50fac46">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7f5f4b7cf1794237ae449f78ba556f9f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a009d41aef0ea40548b395ccf835ba7eb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcd57d27da8cc46318adc8f1d1477b2ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af19d589443f04f39b369515dd029e330">BARRIER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf997a702f5e4e2889fcee34715be182">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1c2a0accbfd145548835ec654dec1615">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05bddd08d79a4270bdd75dbd15df4b4f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6a3f5d97b98d4a86a9c8b981d73c5203"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a550bbd4832284b7c823016e7e5025943">BEFORE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5739d3fd77cf4796880d10ae680f04aa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a55697642453c4c3ca90117a48b651f82">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7783ffa9bb9c43a2b5c1e9fa2a8b3fcc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra1a40ba4c7fb4d1cb4b8b926031aeaf6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32530e0d85f24bdf8933b86f589596b1">BEGIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa1e71b004b04392afcec42f13ff59d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a602e65edbe4b4a63ae768900f469b3be">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb0002eddeec4019868388ff2c544e60">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r44adee106e554672b387461980cd0663"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a49c1242fd7a24963bb972e002b977039">BETWEEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a243b2dbcf38e4cd092b5921d5dede726">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef3ff3c84d7f42c2a704b167323510bb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af19b084d182c475ea78c6dcd6a33b299">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra4513d1a1a814b5c8b487dee88c61742"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac2cdf9ccbe204a9791f310e3e4c5fa0a">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8009a49141784a159d1b083cc2fc1227">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aff1e211697c4416ea25c5e631a053d90">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b14ff845e2046d2a92d98d96b8bf02f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r905c317b2f2141229d7c5a2ae008643c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc9631d7e82a41ae9de6f1d429871bdf">BINARY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00c42f5accfd44369bc949735e67b62c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4c7f3868b66445c9bf05e9315d45036">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a068cb04ef4a240c29e6169325d3e0a90">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbe0aceffeeb849449f7a35f4216565f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a61426e3074004152a3ecf05a4d5e6c88">BINARY_DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa44f5b1339184ad3b54f2029ee205173">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c886bfe69504408a33ea955d6cb6950">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae1d346c5e5f44150b771067712e4f734">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__recb8ce9ae2244915b3548424b0deefd8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a6891844a474e93acea8ddbae3480a3">BINARY_INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a693ee7b61888414683e45f1b2ad96c80">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a927ebd905d4245478a7b36bc51ae121a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4835f999cf6747b7b003b86cfd9dd502">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r58d4c0c37de74e64ad46ae44a055601f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6d9e34344824426aa1ab3ab4add5dd10">BIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a979f825ad19d40048c0b0527c14888c5">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82484b16ca2d4bee87bc1e046b5b4d1d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6941afa52214df79832f9bbd9c3e8d4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__reebeb7849b9f4d42b6ffafeedfbb74ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72252094c19b4c618c46908c33fcbbfd">BITVAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3aae34d53dd84ab3a287ea88127c3054">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6280569f91b94bbda1b50d9dc990b4c4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d985c2203394c79b4068752865441c8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r80d1e637c45647219da21996ce41fce4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca941c8c29b14292a991469bc2843e11">BIT_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ad2e2bccd024c7bad0e12e01b0b7f1d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00a58ae6cecb402591f1ed7eb7968301">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac22303e126914f26acf109a2601bee0a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re8527d8eaa164702b85c0fdef74859a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad3021e3c48d4ba19116ead4eccc1b23">BLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a61b5185eddc749ca9cdb8b4abe69aae1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5b15480437934887b5b12bffe4d3e899">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefe14a15753e451d89f1700228205a91">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc97546b88113428aae30b84ac5dfa1bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afee71e955b2f4552a2ff119bff11cbc8">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2ead6c6a8b3d4c6293494e4760967e88">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4fc08095a6764007a29ec7cc31d64bcd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a04ea628349c64b5baaf00012e54a9f7b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r105226562beb42c38caba20de620eda2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1cb88927d13042e596ed7ed54f4cc2ec">BOTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a67ba5f59601e4e4bbb8b67b70d36d1d3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a573f6435d1f142ef8087c4b59605db45">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ad78f14dd86432fbea03060cdfe27ab">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf3efe79ada804e3baf22b370d71970d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adce07bf3355847f59db8a500925c932f">BUCKETS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a910ea631a0df440286bbd671c8a31d44">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adfceeef52649438cb1f3c4f2152ac7bf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c60bc91df94424c8554ba7d57259772">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r82c7af5357fa4630b724efc243f22fa3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4a5d8b19aa0446b7bb52dcfbc7595544">BREADTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a43869b1024694ba09452b7f80844ad43">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefaebae214834b32af2c8c0331e779d5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8526072833d34ba49f44460ff2678f7b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb8bbb708b1614fbf9263d16828fe1bde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40ada93139b24773807cfb2fef01a225">BY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44ddc31aff0345f1af3cc8a89aa99e17">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac137171be5be472ba0d56c894c88b0d6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a20f36522f5474deebb2bd875c34f4b64">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbcee5b6ee3f2447e96dfcb53aa6639ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ec7860ab24347b494efc3c55b1c0f9e">C</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa022ab9413147c58dd180927b8c27ca">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a606106b51a5642cb9e630a7102270f90">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6183263f7f74a4cbea1654ba96f7346">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbdb82560aa5c4ac892f0ee8217aaeea5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4f5ac63511e4946a1dccb3d496154b7">CACHE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe70c1415c65498dba7b91d797a3d424">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f7f3e9b86aa4a2bac01e6732958c4c9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a597f559d21484f1492ba8c98c81affe3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdb7e5fba16194def9653260788435b41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf9123c9b8b2493abe49f8b1e696cb3d">CALL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7453bdad5dcc4f03a21ec147d363e3db">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9531ee3aa1242008e01af282cd4cde7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88c18f191a86406893f6be02ca3c59ca">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb6f71234846844ddadf1802dc8ff9e08"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a114ab8be108d4924a87ac70739e3d1cf">CALLED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3a89b25d9ef43e0934ccef5e2084ad3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8af0232dc947497490afeae98efc0a3f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa120b7238e7943eebe85ccfae8a4918b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r779e9cb768d64228a9c916704634d05f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab439968b45d44ad6b2bb1ed61ceeb9cd">CARDINALITY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37d39af99a6b43fe839a67b23ba72f5f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12640b85c83d4a75b476b732de3161ed">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d1b48daffd9483ab658a53672fb67d5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2ea82157780b4cf18c76ac9af1096cbb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3f3133a8cd2143ed88091d44e0c44f2d">CASCADE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad63136d1a8644ab19b2338d9f0f7b809">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae482a2dda4f84f84952c9ad2ad79805d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a99754587c37849d8b3c12e436fc45212">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5ee88b47d57d400cbe33ed34ca184e82"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a382e212940a342abb71a89adc65275b5">CASCADED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeae57bf2de674bce9390ba1fca075f71">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdb594bc5ab2471fa3f78eb9b899bdec">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2c7c44b807f4f11b9ef99fd355b9a99">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra20d8f500ec64cbd9c283d9df777b965"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38e2db81688b4327afc5d063047141a7">CASE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1fb9e9ca528d4ecb8816acd1fe228d35">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5bb5827c2d9e438e93473f7ccbcfe59f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae08eb80467d74ef69da7cc1c2897d0c5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf84cc93f28bc4b309194a97e4006693d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afedcc87598df474aaf04bc02b76cf06e">CAST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21fcc11b7c444768b294c401d2739883">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38729dafd5704cd598d6065c5eea4271">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a170d01b326cd4ece9b0693092e87ce4d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc51ae4764c7e4f42bbbfd1e8792f6b90"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7d83e1d6f5b44174aba805014fa48233">CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3665e7f458964514b8b418feaf6145cd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad321f88f976e4f0fb6f044574e8d899f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a67789deeba054e578e60287a39a071de">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rff61b03355204d02a39870e245cec908"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aab6b9b0d544f48bc8c340036b0a0cac2">CATALOG_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a71552c86f4b2464b897df83b88ff17da">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40034031a0904ca38d1c102733d4eba3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47bf0f68bebb4688b2f2e93ebc9e1d62">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc96441bebcdc4cbc89a0940b4fc41722"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a39ff6c65630349d59d8b3e113da0848e">CHAIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9270ce8d0d844ae7b85999abd8e0d559">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a072fa53df80d470da4f39ea6f27865af">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6fe2794cc8274e3ab2f0f8d0e76012aa">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7d2c5689410443f2b1ddc2c6b9791c81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b7b9bf2a09e4d9596afb0c28d44add7">CHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a66767fbdc1064f6982d543e5bef67af4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae44cdd13dfee4a3babe592244434417e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aedfb8acd2f3948cdac7ffaf968d76182">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r698a33d6c1fc43928ef86e1a14d4ac6c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abbea3958df5e4ad28763e4badd43a6cc">CHARACTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6d363fb45e874214b5c715ddf289742d">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4fe56fc40624b8fbe7a4ebb86644086">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa4b79db48ec54b448272fee3ffb69f43">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfc264637360d46af82d0b2d0575351fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac3e25c973b914e40ac2dc0727b522258">CHARACTERISTICS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3aa4ac3405a4d00b40a872a229c3ffa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4abf2354a8174ea79764f7d3e324c3e7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9855e93f9f6d460c992ec6e827d7f4b1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6da28cab774145718bed9321dccfa6a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa71626343b3348d0936add3daf906857">CHARACTER_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c11dbab5b734ddba3db33f180e0943d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73ea7cb3f6914cdc87b9c03eb07e29b6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78a4fb2c43634ce48dd54a6c042a888c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7eae2080ec8c467fab96864119155102"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6f2095efbca54f878bc77bbe30bcc105">CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d6c5a725e7242c0998054604338b823">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46844e2895cd45a3bb20dcd7a9af09da">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a714908b6ada341b68fc4c03d99a22930">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4af87647c4fe4d64903dea03caf5b77f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca4e18f70570431aa69ddd732cc6cbf7">CHARACTER_SET_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a83d14ca769134ef3ab446e0f59972ca7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad9dc3fc09def46e58e8dfd67a3dd6ce4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a578b096241d94bdca08d12ecbb04b421">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb3b24204d5704c4d82cc94366190f79e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a28cc749769944964a28bc13fea0b0f19">CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6bdd218735584630bee6a31aefb8da4f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6ce42ab1dfb44297b729a614dac2e3c4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ac28f772a234c6299cbc52e973f40e0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf7d9c68ecd614ee5bb744074d886b13f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab0e22ac00d06484e882853e689c126a9">CHAR_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4b8fe3bc56814f78800200566aa3ae9f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4b8df06afca4475a55854a9d8a31a22">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b2f6108d09e476ea0490e33295d0c7c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r05a246e033e346509e8058d748b5a299"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac21d9c429dc744688178fb7bf2b9cd62">CHECK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa64eef8c01884a4eb148f7cc1e92bb70">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adefb8b7b127e48699c1b33138ab00c89">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9f5be18aeec43f3a9315ad154b10640">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rddbd915e939646e6af219acf6d4cfc6a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9d7d84faa3b4aaf82097bc1fb115c1a">CHECKED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3c30f5cafee94e7db9b6b2cf4fcb5e23">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e66e941c1804087a17958ba18a4aa22">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa99c0773c97443a2b6707c745c5a5e4d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6dfb6e91a92d4d888c4f9a2962ef6d29"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a842ebcf5eaf441bb950634659fc0188f">CHECKPOINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6c7eb471220e4841b93742d8021fd8b6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c8b85a3ac344c4ebce5586b26c0030c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0448de1fcb9a4b98bc4e081f8b15b404">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r09e976f7039b4e2f90ca9655a07774a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37f01c086bef4c5f98571399a08d2198">CLASS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b301842db3e4aa4a9928082ca8e5adf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19f71827a7624969bcec18ea4e898b68">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afee5b065cce4407aa836e935bb01f6ce">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1f3aa3aca8e94c468450c8fda2ca51b7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae2591d05a2e44dde8b4a57128f96d992">CLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac19baccbc06f406c9b8de15ca3bae98b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a74a88e38e4c3493482a765b95b85c66a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a97b55262d33a47888c69b292bbdc9436">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r280092793a214671b1c1b206643bf44b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4622706e96fa4d6ea9b1a506198c0fe9">CLASS_ORIGIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e9f44d948644689999c815b712642ec">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab86ce8578643496d8890233ac68afe50">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c9cb6b360bf4719b16ebba5ef9d6441">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re34d59c597664f539d0dd1800bf537f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4665ab19fa5149c995daf9a5bb5172d2">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abc9bf571c0ad4a0ca23f671d6870a76a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab12268f0cd394213aded11858e41dca8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9cf3591a595438daa34e02a38b303d8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r480ae2e745d7461fae01b36f37b85411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaebd967f4f884f20b40db10853584d10">CLOSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaceb52cd3a03417f89de24e1a0d3b137">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afa6c38182b354b739eed530593870ec3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37640bf7aef24b82a60cdcb80b18fc9c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r06c2c433930c4683916c71fde45b9945"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa938d40f2597431fb4436e95780f8397">CLUSTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb810d98e17c4ac2bf644c544500c6c7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abc018fc295fa43a79fa0fcd30bc3f5e4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f5137fe159e4f78b016c88fad7b0383">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7430629cdd6a40eab283406d697fcd03"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d7c0d91b9524c8a92b0308272de3d00">COALESCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7dbebca2f2d74da192f109fc43c6679b">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1308f75ff2b4c68be61f89f54068126">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef7061ef5f25470ba3c53ad67e42f0f2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r479fc9ef03694b388cc6cd248b5eb785"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27d80667fc7644eba1dd782400338d73">COBOL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a95b2976d7ace4f4ca559f8c12c88c9b4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6107c89249e842b2a49185e00b8b54c7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a17c7807486d943be9f497065c8247e4c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r32d2e7b266ff45b09a92209b9c652f19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7639e0af595d47c18422078a072e2b30">COLLATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae26aa2662919410493442376ada81652">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d531c5712744c1f895ade1cac59aaf0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aecb1cf583d9440c5acde1ce9d3b72c78">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0f26094d21744302b70f6355ef44dfae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb08aa7f03aa48f49216fbfda36e0d3b">COLLATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6770b3be550b493182494e59679ee2bd">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a099a3f04f9124e46b2dd13caa9ec82b7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5adb8225ea474eb5a99f29bb64033c18">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re345c5fffbaa47e5baaeeb1dc5e8b3e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae8621251bafe420582ca954e5743ee4e">COLLATION_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0cb19d0a0fb049d29f7eae096c28886e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6cadab18d2b5497793a0f54a533d6afc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2f5994466974378999a4c385cf79ddf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb970ae475c9e4208a529a2ef325a31fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9621353bcddc4346b22551ef74375f7c">COLLATION_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3abcda2734a74ca5aeb837df73da2bc9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeccd290eaf8944eba8f3ac64f442066c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0472e569c4744fe3ad244d17bf22aef0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf4a517a867364f2d8b27cd5aa178fe69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fd1bd6d761b4823a1680c1b43f03272">COLLATION_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abefefed83dfa452a8596f26281aec4e3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae33d2356113441f1a8f26d57ffa601ca">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24eff93e63a44df28e9a7ce2937a0667">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8110f8028b5445fcb8ecca3b181b3fc3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb27e67051144f24ad0a7a0b52685daa">COLUMN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a77d38879b9944693910a08c1bf2a4c18">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a250dfaf3231047e0960faccef78b71ca">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a130b3157004d64a0fafb73a592e6cd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row69239505429"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p179243500422">COLUMNS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p3924135074214">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p14925750204217">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p792512500423">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6b08745bda0c47a1acff263365cf5b5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0f51766f88f4fb2a40eb769bbddcf20">COLUMN_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac0988c3e34454908b320bb72c82f70ce">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35c59f98a83d43389f4d4d402a4eca54">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a91c36b88cb304306826fb4d02d38b38e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba93076dce454f5594eb67e1990df7a5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a04c674e55fed434689c3778cf15340d9">COMMAND_FUNCTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e8e215a5a124835a1a29bbdf287a275">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2708b5a0a93845e296f03cb08283bb9e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73ca994625ed44e7870286cca448a736">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r31e42d657b584969b6615f7ee8bfbb73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abfe21ea4d5a54bf78c7e3e7ea028675d">COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a89d239d4c5564dd2a82d8d759656fc12">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a77aadae66a6d43f9a7ef0a571172a1d4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84497676d1924499b7783581020eaa9d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6440aa2cc0a448569a3bd6f3cb4be1be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__addb9f1baffc14a278436e55c85164383">COMMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52ecd17bbe4d4abd999e1f1c0ec5d151">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a034b6f53ffe048228fc9b7574b095ec3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b0d4557d1d543b38e53f4a72cbff409">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r28d1b71303c54136a2ca5de9a37103d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a708e13a47e3b4a01b0636d09d4058704">COMMENTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5576bdf8558044aa9d7d56e6522844cf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a620c7ab3571d44339939a5c95f0e59d3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af44f3f8b601241e0b295271a7ed935b5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r259a7947a79f4f85bebfd5b6e84f22e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4cc7ce3b01f2471084a0128f614c2ce1">COMMIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adbf04045f1f04e81b888530bf0d66d0b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8282f88ef03747f092dcbd6fbdd09edb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af4c7e49b4e8a40bf8a81b9a048b4efbb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2432a60a6d384ca79d60e41924b03b2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba6c63131f8549e8b62df6433c002f96">COMMITTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a69fd5186a8304dbe863f9840eafae381">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abed5490cb1ae411e8d55d45efdecb208">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2d6bf02c80f843b98226c55b79ffdb01">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row13698121891212"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p546318635210">COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p184630685212">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p04638635216">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p246318614520">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row1225417326121"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p15992132115313">COMPLETE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p159921421175313">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p179921621135317">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1899222195311">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4852df958b9442058a1adf8b9a53df97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa29c73bb47994386af619f615c9e0fe3">COMPRESS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7086679d514486c9da0f2d6b2ef1335">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa091d4e68eea47a5b126198556e7da24">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afe7533b55bb94c5b83c36d7186b8f1fd">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r357a806285bc4805a13813938b77b83e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24617f5b2cd44a3fb7288dd7dbb0e031">COMPLETION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0b3548028744e58b1fb2df91aa2cbd6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a659012efb08e48d3b53492e087be735d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa0076350f1754ad7893bc98e512f02e0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb9633febee3b4bc0bdd7c855653f4fd7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6bd4026d9f464958831b72851e905665">CONCURRENTLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad37cad4c209a4a118a90b98a2ccc3ca3">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2bd10a08db7f4db9a70213a8bfb294a8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90dc639ac92649008a8e16afc7df4bc2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r012b0b164418426bad4c8b0e9404bad0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad804302539b04dcda29649a9015fef4c">CONDITION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8cdf6098072649b7be40af4846daf07b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2babbefd26604b05905fbd2e03baf22e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acfaa631d356b4613a023a7f95eb6a430">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r61a879554ba24b7cb6cd9d11e3f7842d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6b9074090c04c26b021bc6beb7fcb63">CONDITION_NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1ee59869c8644d9fa25d872836001db9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24116e55cf7c441b8318fc2150d11625">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e785253ad664b1a80c25bfd29ab5e3c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r621385d5ed8b4ba3aad06b11b4887aa1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a498e5e32484e42d0881c27a109982a78">CONFIGURATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af814850d840142dea6ee4b4468d3344c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f609b18e223473e831a45fa4a19f9d7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1de4ca9342534d818314f8e97f64cfc5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba26b658851447ba84b2572188812bdc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf539ce8d117432ba8793820ccd567cf">CONNECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a783f0c22039040d883847ceef59eaf11">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f9643bb104d4c0cb6f2a293aa1cc364">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a687105688ff74413933be241d0d7ca41">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0317aa30b80540e392d319276ab6536e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6872969b4d8543b9bf51296465f97322">CONNECTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adf82e2143ef34445927e3a786e654de4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa449fe16e7134b988278701c8cc266d7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0dc80223d88349ee86a229bc24e986bf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd320bf5a98134f739a9bd09f8471e061"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3be3a0c2aee04de298aca239991cf192">CONNECTION_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee3bad4c07384ed895b104ad6d3a92e0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0dc245c56f50403bb9615ba5dcf26f0f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ac58a04a45849dcbf7a2566569e1075">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra34e1ed6f7254bce987ad63a6fbd19aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2809ae4e1260421e9c105d73885f8ddd">CONSTRAINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a14fa4fe66ae5440db7771cb26b142dc8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaede8e08f38c4565a3157e7ab2995498">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a158fa9a18cb2480bbf9eb306069bb29c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r421ef00415044a7382043cf809295a69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a546d4b654f514cd9a8998f17305fa3cd">CONSTRAINTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a94b72ec9fedb411294317d32b7d54341">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaac9616a2ffb4760b9053f066970022e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46ce81149f584c5c97b48b4d3c49e8b0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0a72b96ad8054e42970360e61fd5720c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a43b0cf73a775475fb23040d61dd44005">CONSTRAINT_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11bd69a20a534a5eb633c2dae5bafbc9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4edce18d37784252b142312024788571">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a055cacc3291a41c193397b2f995b962e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r35efd3104b9848148002838b31d80b92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac484ad0f525e4b9298f5e80ee14be5d8">CONSTRAINT_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3f6559a249843fba59e28db0db0d701">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53680f7ee37a4d0db88df985f934dc02">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0a746ae4e72d4c39aeb20dfc90c94060">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r431d9e51e5da4a238d6142a87cf59300"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa07c93450bb5435583ba59c84a45a58f">CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a63d091c23b7f4b6eb57247360d8dbb0a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d682e8c02904ba2a0a310f3d02163a1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6363fec11df429a983c7f35d9d3d8cf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3305625c956f409bb85c125153e62ba8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a825e207ff0fd44a3bc9214171571d737">CONSTRUCTOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afbfbdea7725e44da8bb4cccb226fcc92">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9496a8ac47a3432d8826018de0103d11">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24fd14ba6bf748ac9381b1790db8724b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r72d4383e67b44bf28797bf0358ca8696"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2ed2c9afbce4884890afd5f298a1b29">CONTAINS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf08f4e98d98448481b6a9ab86835eac">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ade5caaa5d1ad49ba81592abee8265c0a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9c719f851574191b96a402217e94ca1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbda427a18c1149c1abbaacf52876767a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a6e269350db4dada992ac39d10b0951">CONTENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb614aa20e8e4fc48e8b856fa6db18d5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d9b83ed111549458cf0e108f6e2c380">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac9d45628aa814c4294a462bb3c5018e8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5fba71e4259b48dba8a0a3cd32355db4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53cd58d5c7d444aa8b34f6ae4ac2aadc">CONTINUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7e92b59ea52497baa872d5c5bca8c31">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ee13c00e2184d5690e6713fcb9e0ed5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a212b0e3b3827463fa9ca454c40561034">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4f4b4c99abb74ed68160640745310287"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31a92d10412f4bec882957796047dc97">CONVERSION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6278ddeafda24117a5330a644797d924">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84d2fe9435c44050b15e4ccce98c9900">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef56123354804a4dbb1dd7652dc75304">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc10c2d09eb374b3a87fb35ae300889ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a206de574850542ea83c15c99cc651fca">CONVERT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e0c2df58bfd43dc800231cd3f395bc2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef21ecc35e2d4dfda1e606fae2fbdac4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac674f02b8dd84f39b177301ed1b1b754">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2a5d5dda93fa49d6b4b1366bd46221d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5d57ca52233437895f3e0b353f26bd5">COORDINATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab27ac7c8b8bc498b898d03f4c8adcd6d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9c313726075144b4a8e6fe153d1653c4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44c73289575844dcb276513dc3a49457">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r65856aaad93f468e9cc5f4bec4992c58"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca56188299704167b756c762c06e55a1">COPY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8a467e86a91446c9884c9fe739f5c9e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9680464836f74519ab5dd4039cf3792e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46daad4732e14e17b1bec1b165f8de25">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf6280e72db91467aa0023d91f32fb486"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a811b73cac90e430b834d705a9bf76bdf">CORRESPONDING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf1d11fa9ffa442899581039dcc844a6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a446478daf4ac4615b2c4829279130890">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6f31ed4935db4196987d95de3f8becad">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r29e3c3a9266449b899607a96e56ad1cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a513b1259c97541ed9e00c30bf91069aa">COST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8bba8fbf374143c48d9c340c74a35caf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27544e668794428b9cfefec9e5faf2b5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a18e33ef1b15d4ccba6902c18d2802cad">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r462a104daa984879bfb3fe8c17a66764"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a382a16975acd45f095183a793642be40">COUNT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af20108275a544473b938da413cebd313">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e37cda648834517a86b6203cfb87859">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0cf6bd60f6c74cbf8d730fc1fd063a5d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8f9f021f277c4c15bf9742fe337619fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad74c8ccd12ec48ceaf13e039a9d827f3">CREATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5739ff988db14151b8559dcea7fbef92">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab476862204bf4b9086bf6267b0ceeac5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafe7e97770754c969da8895ead989e3d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r532f74864f1b45a39750ca625177dd4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad7af9ef9d15f4709abe20c7d73f47a45">CROSS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa338704785645ac955062f0e6a4aac5">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ace5b419315ae4887bc73349b0d56642b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf75e2288251437290cab24edb2bab9d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r642aa605e7fd463998d406b4bb8235f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a570d2dd2a92e4742aa23f9d1b45445bc">CSV</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad647f0ace4244668a580c3591d4b79ae">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3636f403d8a74d32837499c90671b7dc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a115f7e33c7844452ac102138ee614939">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5a4555e945e7409c8d14d9382d4ad694"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a54b864935f2847a588b1ce06b81e0ee0">CUBE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84859374935c497da321f49093a11cb0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a848dcdba1246d782bd4bacd6a398c6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab241694c17d6406a9b95503b3b52ac9e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re1bfe14badc14a3588a4f2d67d5ffd9e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2fcc49789d3486fa381401c7ab35a99">CURRENT</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2217fd84f3ba441090cb54450f4ed03f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeebc7fdecf1d4894a815aaddab6b94f9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd01481b29059497abba896e5d02fcf81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16fa31aa363346ac8942c600af26c043">CURRENT_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a95dc639925534711921bd3f15327ed79">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7befcc5774954323aeeafe5a3cc22980">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af9b89e456b2c424d8b148c04f31ebb94">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6092d7c88a974ba78ce1b9282df2b672"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05d7a7e4f6ff43d485039d9335bd18bc">CURRENT_DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6480bc6c70a046c38af256e40c19a090">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae4e6a43d26a94207a3e37b316feca260">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a915cb428c9974d2bacfe0662cd122e2e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ae8072d1da74a838a9f4baa95481c49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a89c80c6911c44ddea66c09f8034d7f27">CURRENT_PATH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5082478571564f7dbd286b9753d5e078">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada66bd986fbb407cb6b348389b0c2c69">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a09bdf88f9bc140ba94f7172c7ca7ffec">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r98091ce8b58d44fb943f96a906385175"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1acb909da92e4889bc39e00b206ba755">CURRENT_ROLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adf6de539dfff4a31974db826542db2ab">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a243ab67523d948c9aa358c8af768728d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e1df475d89d4024baf109d187dcd11e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0c47cadbec364542a5e0ee19d8bae6ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d6fb739c4e446fd83acd5833365b466">CURRENT_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a957084aea536427ca0a8a5de7304b616">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05a89dae230c4b49bc4d46e5eb817208">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b2a0503ec7b4344b5edc6e44efefc41">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbb952b8ef16b4e4587d0ec4b8a9bc98c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb82d787efc14cfb82e3ca05ebd4f032">CURRENT_TIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0e867485e804201ac5e5733642a3d14">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1decca9002564580801a253ab2607ff7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb7151607164406990cea123241e0236">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa868262684aa4908af6fc584c0f6cd5d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af749567dba914660a1fa70b59a6f3e0e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa984fee30c194e37a2d8e6d8cda5f35b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r92e2cb2a61e9475599a2367240941275"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5cd48df2b8443dbaecdcc2765d2d7ce">CURRENT_USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a845ceb2f8ec340b988d08276e05d6192">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aab6c9a571c1c4bda96c64a22aca73b9a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac09956c58a294a8ca6c11eef87868de0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9fee21f08c6c45d4825bc97087659a04">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08369fd065414fa8b4e259c55fc817ba">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfb7bb851d2504c078c1a48341ec5b4a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16caba4663aa4065b606a13b245b32f7">CURSOR_NAME</p>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a778ca89a7d9944c0b668a9716f17ea23">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab6f71b1d67404af0ad95b002af5728b9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc74842aba5d4deb9d5c9feb4245bc5c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22fd15fdfb1646eaa9761bff44b1038b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p2045181214568">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p164517126561">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16451512135610">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r560cd3f546364a6cb78c635e1415ecdf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a204283958dc24037bb737662b5314d60">DATABASE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed39941e3b054d93bbefd296c428f1b9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5be2db66009945609e5c6f3aa4ae9e32">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a70472336e41e41b68ab0bcc16cbaa174">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8111a19e4e77465d94c0925ab74b67b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca737d295c164b6c9fa3f9098d23e492">DATAFILE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d0fbff15ea940009529b67181a513eb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8fcf3564c7cd4c788b12be92eab44c3b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f601aa38fbc422888fa29ab7d5f6925">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6fd58114d37b4e0cbef2c1433140c606"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19462bf10d8f4bb3ab956406adc94cf6">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a055141820e234c8c802a6656b3e05ae4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd7ef6f0c96749c694bb134719f53072">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e5fb4aa41c04f68a8dde49880403d04">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r34ec47867c2e4e5c9adb04558cdb8fe5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d5bf0966d0143e5a7776171a7fcdbeb">DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a398d158536714e5294c0dcadd866a2ed">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a320fd9da3ab24fdca5a9440688fa8387">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac47d8045caee437bb82c0957400166f1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5cacaf3818784f55aeff9e356607e39c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5283988829314a33b5244ab29e9369a3">DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac1422d7d635f4e2eb1059d772358611a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a828a202b53e247a7be0b8009c5e0dedb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a84caa08b934e1890b656d3aec28914">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0bdc1dcab83f448fa35c73d2a29f65c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad26ec113bd44661bb79492f5c0a14be">DAY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0845e5442177435eb10c2b8dfc9aa4c5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af9e049da2974403f9dc8762eb435eb37">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35c34a3354d646d487b23826651041ce">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbd6c87d4f0d445758dc1e2c56556bc43"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a269b7ffdd9d34e1dbdf07bd010b918d1">DBCOMPATIBILITY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aea280f7c8e26492da68309a3b9f8a6f7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32faffb9b5734f1abf9b3824f5dbce3a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8e17fb6fe25143faa9676d5563c5a274">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra513bbdadd2d470cb819a6a907bb7acd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e4cdf65bfcd44f095ea83063abe69c7">DEALLOCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a124094899ac147f18a2837b666b877fa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7a63f2f689464c67bcf07ed8e2d1e8e4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7d0a3051b0f0493789b6e48b45c54931">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9e8d23e6531f4896b53c3b55554f7284"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f8dabe4cdd94a3082d7cf5c2e5c7531">DEC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62cc827985a44168880a994d3fc366a6">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a855e56ad85a942a5a7a1d4cd8190647f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed04db822ba241579449a2018cb854fe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1347cc8a42ec4d2397e29a64b8c92544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab8f3f64026c94d2a9bd553c281047659">DECIMAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2773489b907647c7bbc04644ea419eb9">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9cb211feb2de4ecca3023b9aef0b37b5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f6d58a9ed4a4fb9aa3c07697536c281">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc4658cfdba9f4837b0d0085e5d9fb643"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a981f6983c50b41269e95fea094d994bc">DECLARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aecaef6b20c7b4ae6a72bd6bcfd2aa6e3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a50191dfa08d24b9f83c04936b811bb58">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1895e1b6494f43f0a426bdbf4faf5648">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r40b630d78b4f486e8863abc31f1c7701"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc4158076d784fdd93c7ff708f54d375">DECODE</p>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae2543734cedb45878cfed3b17e34469b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a512b711bf4e74c74af65555fc4ea4f95">-</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a097b944247564630acdbe088139869d4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e8c22956fe34765bd52a1ed27822f1a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
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+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r554b97de16a74eb294452b959ff4547f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada476bef1cb14765a3b0ecd1ec72ddaa">DEFAULTS</p>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a030e909fc4466eb28cb620b6433efe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6b986e21fbd64835aae8bc9ca83f7800"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6fc59b9901594eda81068a22ac3d9c36">DELIMITER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae21ee817fcf941738ee3366c5946c201">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c76ead5d0ea4e4d84b2e8e472b4ea7f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac25db4702c4a46348310d35c8076291c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcdef584f2c2640b5b2dfe893536a74ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a474680a4b7d74aaaae0461296087a537">DELIMITERS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c52a0cbfac246b28750eb286b8b000b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2ef939dd4f5a48d097ff3acadbce7e07">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0a71af3cfd364344a8954ab7050c67b4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r19a1a7076bbe4abeb0751c85342ab5f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9735463de0824d5e8600aaaf5ce91298">DELTA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02efd585092649989c696759d38c842d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab88944321bd04a718a72eb567deec666">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a93bd9df4be404cd6bfa18cbee9ffbb2d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ref8bc0c1565c4261862c5ac88cfe5263"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a839f9286e3404e88a6c19c77bb0f6983">DEPTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab477b83f0b5a464f8c14828460dd527c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9daf812170804d54a8436a0404794ff4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d4f164a3e8246e280deb499316bdd5b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r61d807ce527d4170b6cc3c849336bb69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acdae4c9db3124f8bbab9164cd34e04b8">DEREF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ef1ce854e93418d84f0d7ecc35dbfa1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae8ab9efef9044f64b9df484b483f7e75">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a68eddb637fc241ffaf55e13436738af5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc367ed65407747fbb26b8167c8b94adc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a585bd38de7224cfea1f1644a328beb49">DESC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7cfc0c9c09ef4f39a472146ee72063de">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2639cd866ebf4d16a5a3f660ccb1f7af">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a09140bb9782a4116a1bfafd23780ad92">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r51fd3f2de1da4c4ab538d2b06bb2e2c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4aed6a062e064df9ae83571ec1ec38a6">DESCRIBE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d00ef071b324c649e98d7a4d4ea73cf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e8763d71f584d10a0610a4227da25f8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e3ad73f0d014ce8ae2cccc1c13c744c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6ec4fbb9f930444a8439a4f5241e434b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af3672ba399fa4dfc934c7b792aa6dbeb">DESCRIPTOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc87b9d7710346438a8eb25046ce30cd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab659898073b54c21833e64444e599e1f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1ef78d58a63541c0a0ba049b330dc6ff">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdc9d6ae80dbc41aa89d452d5f0428dd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c3d7f8f0b824953bb09ce3fa20cdf69">DESTROY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad391ed96134446149ae6da9ce7564311">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acfb46d5d51a94e7e8438fdbbd788481e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47da45d7001e4225a9e7f31666476665">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9168f713892c4f848fc5893ad58075a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad26de698753b47d6b2eefdf4f204f54e">DESTRUCTOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7608b9bfde354231bf257568b635d1dd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed18fc78f8a445ad8b70398f234b49fe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1fe66c0b878e47ad9f16faa60b573bcc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__read3ca2f89f9441dbeaef4ad716b1a59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af8b9f676415c4a0aac0bcafbc33a1e2f">DETERMINISTIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d31174630794753bc9c7e8e876714c3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b73dba714954a93a41e7371a363460f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ace1c742236e0421e83b65caa86b75fbf">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r68c81493bfb745bcaf623df48937652d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a756723bcc0e74ff7916ae9272bb9a1a8">DIAGNOSTICS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad333a64c4bc646c68b377123c2996586">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7abd65d83b8a417c88fa46e6cac85a93">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adbf46aa3ecf8490dba6735bd06cba22f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9fca31a4f425474b8f1b8dd64afc465f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada06538c42004a3bbadfd0633d2f338f">DICTIONARY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaec370d7be1f4692b39e6ccf98fe4e44">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78abbd3779eb425b807605f9cf419367">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a70eeb1f4d4c94b999c304bc122df4ea3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r92ea2880f940431f8e0d0dbce599b434"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a51ff42d1292a4c7aa0e9bf47cf19bc6b">DIRECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ef54192bc124ac395c117672ed044e1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a18fd8906540a486aae6bcf8c8d164ab2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3901bb4ff44e4613a8c307481660a868">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row4190165264519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1819045264520">DIRECTORY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1019017526456">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p51917525455">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p9191352194515">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf018db78a9ec44a8bd08b78e53451c5f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afdc800d22b794a5c9ca31b0a6f1a38b0">DISABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7facf42dfed74f9b8b2e41b3be81097c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa97a04417f1f4ce99767eca7f7382a2b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f4dd8f9643f412cb5d5efa738c14691">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rda58fbf9ca154424ae58c9963edc4c53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b9789a909664e438998e6cd5b41721f">DISCARD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fb10e215c3744439fc6fca77ee20527">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a146fc76f6cdf4eada8c7e3983a97e66f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af7efb45cdc9d4baaafab4c977554bda6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6d2e2e2ac678434582dc47721e7047e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a75d53f18bb914fb78440261a658f3973">DISCONNECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6765a659f244bc0b1af32d655fd2756">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4506b6c6a624268a6c65d1de2d89b23">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a67ed9807ef6b431082cc3ee82bf191b7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r84228378fa0e4db9b2a2b4a66dbbae51"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a647d7612842d4b98b78b986f0576949b">DISPATCH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a868356bcd0428088d70ddd5023bbf2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec80e5570e0d4f85acd0200d7cc03582">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9828fffce91481791b7694751192a06">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r61a3d56cfd164deda41d4d22958f8ac4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a54511b4cb9aa45648b8f4b35b3430cd2">DISTINCT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6c0c4d663ef74ebc9891cbe1ed32591c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5490ff83e5a4626a1ed7575d03949f2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a64ffb16a165b4510b92acfbebf329dfe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r71616aa29a8441389f1f5b2dcf828f9c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a1df15074ca407facde078a97c43b42">DISTRIBUTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a56975963447849d9ae3901dc92c74f08">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5a3b4b884844aaaa15b0b8698512420">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac95be6ba30654b9183034a8bd263440a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r23e7315f61534cf5abeb432c23b00430"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a59d59ef5f8a44cd28304426ec31265bd">DISTRIBUTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a124a013a7728471397eae2f809f0126a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae445822a6f774d98a2e78da4f99c4eb8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a330757aa4d9b4559b32d2c0bf6433391">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r105d60b83664416089c1e5320ec9765d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e36ffd9b8414584830f457c0ef56800">DO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac2ea653c657243b98d474aa11f5bc204">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8085ecb9c5445138c03c44c9bb2323f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe4249ed592e402dabcc9fffd897cd90">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc22aa4a535b549b5a93633594c1434ff"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1898e8a38eff49c9beb2185bbc1fdb41">DOCUMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae375aec6589f4f00b826f2b36a6a7a4b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1af92be4a0a940089274d452e9351573">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c8a3528478f45989af3f9bcd9a82c46">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r31da12dab0b04a2cb981f61aaf1b508b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae7547aea20344553aa5812b8b6d2f5dd">DOMAIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a319af58b72c548f3b27bd1980cfd4fd3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a888f0f77676c4b73926f02ee151cb3df">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abebd90636344497dbb256e8b35545f79">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4eb74e6c6aae4401be379d722f2afa25"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a75db0b48e5764734a8d5d10a4f2afd11">DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a085d1d08fb83420ab7e09056dc1a1bfc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a98b9bd40a8c24859aabc165835c9ebac">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b145176e0684ba8963f8626f0fcbc76">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r470ce19aadce4384a83d5643a7f1b0d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaef9361cd7414546a248979270223d29">DROP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad80575de937b42f5a2f5ec2d63606d44">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9b1e0535a95046db90eb86a82b002c3c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73ee4ea2abbb459a81073033bb0ae0f1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2c6a5628714d40db860bdd5be9a52968"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a30153cfd42644c52ad9e0df074c3c86e">DYNAMIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe9bdbc3585a4761b84bebc21eac33b1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a911ae6b34387440c86f2db7df5e383ed">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd8df786372741539dd189768e7f8b52">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r971a02b04c2e44c3a79a7eba743bcc41"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21297e8d114e45509759cf46da4c6fe1">DYNAMIC_FUNCTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a961745e1b0b749b8bd2d1b545fdecb4d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a15ee67da8bb04c18839e3e786371bd04">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a51e5ca648219481da1c2c3a61a4151c9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rae9521953fb248eba84bfeda13860533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1b6722cc27d433aa5d1e4187e115bfe">DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e140f8314cc4eadb35ca3223689542c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acad042cda97741f996e6e66e9be72ec6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acafe1ba4576949409bdd676c9aa8ed7c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4dba9b603cd94ec1a04c75a461f67c6d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2698f0c3163f4b929120db1118dac6b4">EACH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88b2e674aaf24c37b1034c76e0e93e5f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a091a8ef3379e4df38fea46c031fbf8b2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c3bf72e0a9942d980c4f319c55b2d9c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row127491414201416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p8176610715">ELASTIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p21761310816">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p917615102116">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p161768101314">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0a110e316fe64c62872a353bb3c8ba14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac5cad98c282d449d9490d83da2058ef7">ELSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa898d721dfa9494d9a98e440c626bbdf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7eee85e690824bccb59bd88275b13c42">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a216fcfe091754f849c5d2c7ab81baa74">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbb67dc0c37684097a2c290c61cf2914d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac653266c8de94de0b42bcc8d52d13c7e">ENABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabec8bf5ef2b442da4f6e11a4d454d7c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3716a54717a04ec7aedc12b3a8c77b0e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a310c26fe4fb54efd901d8eb3356a0f9b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r188f25fe41a148d4bf678c58213f5bb5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6ec8e849246443ae9b58dc526a5820bc">ENCODING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a832688b29f1642928bae42071077bab7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a59013c3de3674e14a105ebb07870e775">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b46c4f717b24b8390ef0842852e2eb7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7aff453088a14ddaaca0ebed4a2c0f2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f04166ea6704e449e78bb81fcc16c67">ENCRYPTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a477dd220714f494da0d7ffb213ccb9fe">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a910de618a9714408a1aabb9ac32d8888">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae651bd188d84e6183b57cb08b7a309f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r117f342a975c448fb21d725539ee8066"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80a2a930f4a44c9abea57e70b52bc391">END</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a233fcfc90f6447b4917b89fa5601145c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee733cc473bb4d20a78c40a657c25b1b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af4fd442d530d41e2adda06cc8a5dd7eb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba3a219899734be2b17af61d8da49677"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf77c380505c41db9615ea66aae7fc92">END-EXEC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1819bd54fe04479cad70f5d7a7b761f1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab08998e73183484a9f734e347b9b0792">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a52d35cf046424989d53138d5cf998b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbbd617e7f54c41d8922a9d04028f9011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad770ec68f84241c4981cd124bc39b50f">ENFORCED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1aa59d2322d248b086657cfbf63a7c7c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a073c28b16d8c44b482cc3f6d5e9df1be">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2456f33445ab437e9afb6debf6fd8253">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rab7d298c358742ae892a8967929df5d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3536edf7ec304cbcbfe441dabd94d606">ENUM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53900ce2b28a459aae19414d462f8053">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc9d3336c9ef46a883ddad85dbc55ecd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a4cc96c9f564ce6b701827deb94791a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re29b50baddff4ccea21aa93af599ee68"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af253c94d2e9544edbf8c0fa4a4f0dd1d">EOL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4a97315c459a49d383bfd7b745b6d3c9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5631cada438e422f9d13d5259eb088f6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a48af713fac44678cac2e976027596d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd47046b2053a4c87936b4b6b41a4a57b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb0197c55a88457f8b6df51c05986d6c">EQUALS</p>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac189338e31154b46967206c404c3f954">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a416220f5f7ef454eacb99037fd0246e2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12131d78c16347b7aeb28d70398e9fe0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row149911486147"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p83021753625">ERRORS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1430210531621">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p173023533215">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p43026531322">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r791fcc3f08e14a5c8f71691435f1d308"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5f7b77a148642fa98cfb45faf81943e">ESCAPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae54d81e642d14e079c8288bd333c1229">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3da72baea318480a9d02d4a15f0ce152">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6167afab281b4ca0a7901c2b60d34e38">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf5947e971ef84ea989bae69d872540ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac8a4062049f045308e73108e2a8d1288">ESCAPING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8136e970d3c4dae901f4e4626e77f0f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16c47dd74b2d41ce8c4e4f319ba75d2d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a93161e6b0ace4d80a0b98f590823924a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rda8a951caf4c4024a34b98e5321d660d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc029c4630834a3fb6d69b17522a2c8d">EVERY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa09e5018f9624649abfb282fff35b61e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b9f90a0cb3e48daa06e7ba450794557">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac804dcff1f2647ffa71dd568cc53be0a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6870e355d1f44778b8cac049d413a0de"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a349eb810f6d44ac5aed6c1c9d21b4557">EXCEPT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d5185f411ef4443aff14c57df743e51">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a406a95ed02a544638f104f75e6599c92">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37090c7bdc2744c081390ed0b3769ad0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9c3edd1b2ec046e9a58daa919c7838e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba433e3ff1d34e01aebefae92f264bad">EXCEPTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a472e9717dcac435c9c04cedc2560634a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a888b4f6b7ec64feba431af1b7c0dc05a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d2f2e711089455ba5bb40705c95a546">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__refb97b68b3fb4b019b666b43c4e6b425"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a121a10e0110a4e1190ceda4d85c39e51">EXCHANGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f9a0ea5ddd04df591d61144b7f05654">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1691d42884d644b5855378fcfd0924a8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ac9cd9f838a44b58ed5bde9b8d3f75c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfe645d8603ec426dbe9f2c12c26885d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32cc1f5b749940ce861c17e54a6a7907">EXCLUDE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a60b16f9c5b5e442180a3f0a26100d7b9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a7ac7c6efee43228d42b3341d47547c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c083a4d0ea04f849cb88981261ecd2d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7249404f09eb4f6da13644c1cbf74f58"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05b230b5bdc24b13ae339dac1248ec10">EXCLUDING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa4e4445c78be4775b3eedae48d352626">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afa58f0504c95426c816b4492ff73dad8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a728cee9e734f46e59de5df4efa347b61">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1f6ab50196f7429bacc37a00e4561957"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a15a9e710852d427db5ad2dbec5ffeb12">EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af3d67b8b3361444d84198929adf5b8f6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6186764a09e14f718b3a2b1405bb22c0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a926daefa4dae4271a3629978cd3c87bf">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r52c67c3aabf24b5ca7622652b2413bee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a292f0ec3c27546189b7d58c8ac2e7db6">EXEC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaaed5c386aaf470c995331915ce42a19">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef4cc8aa73b44c03951c292f0b156586">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef060c717b0c41b4af2696343b7e2cc0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d4f9eebd8af401496a48a79b69332a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a41c06e5e2d524b5188aef53e2767589b">EXECUTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a341d9ff0745f42bba45d3dcbfe4afef2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ec0df6f40a349b1a8e736f0eab63f95">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f86b568d18045c3b6f8a5261d76efd8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb2a5fe2a46374a6d99f8ce72e2b5389a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a662f946ef7b345bd9eaf1aa3274300e6">EXISTING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e68e0b258f84d79aa9cd002d8d551e7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae89b68b725824251bf21d523621e3f94">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5e5452f8f7c4a70a5d96b4a8470f95f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc0f543e9de514062be5fb82a28d20507"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e0495d524d041f38751c5053a92c4b1">EXISTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebe6de0c325247e9923257eda3b881b9">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ca32a1ae7e849afa392022d3b9ad98b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0151550500f48fe82173c6ccf019bb9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row11763131131313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p17128113714135">EXPIRATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p31281737111316">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p51281637111319">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1512811376131">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8e839e0ebc7448afad24d15740c66460"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a117bc14a1c6f42b1b81b58ba86f5114c">EXPLAIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab36ae77e3d334e0fa794bd27dc2820de">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab48a25b7b7d44776977a3fdb3c536680">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fab021ef3074fa3866054267d64b66c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0c96772785e94695adcb1d064053953f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6b003deed0a4551834938cac4707cff">EXTENSION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a386860b7642b4079bd4fdfb55eb730d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad1fd88867c1842b2a6c5f993476365cc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a278e6c95ef704849950793ac7a5ea8a4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r714696d2bd9c4c11add1c6f859f43907"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a69991700d23c42be98823e2924ebb9ec">EXTERNAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a20b8185610514f7d8e64a324ed8dd673">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e311355ab98471c943114f385e31e41">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a91e2cd88574ff3b6572b4d615b373b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba352a2fb8b640a7a2451f7a95b9cb53"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a23da1a5160d34b3189927ef695a16db9">EXTRACT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02ab2252d7e744fda19ad9b7030607a8">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab508daf5b1de48eeb587abe273c0a077">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82dd2973e6ca4dda98e276eeca527e0f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0a76148f9e374a109be793e96f7eefa9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd3bff4549994454bcb2d78bc597f530">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a418b45d8ae5f43d09a07424fba1640a7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a898841de5de641c9a6f10747483322f3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a065063abb65941929e7b453c40a31885">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r25df07d3947440a5bab75e94213cd6aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefd1cfd873c24f61a2d1a1fe7273369f">FAMILY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a960c6b299ecc4911bcf1173d112db487">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad254a8f208384d6ab0cc8ba326d763f8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a68d0818aa63743f0b9015e03f06bcaf7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row1319112912151"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p0537163419305">FAST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p105379342301">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p253813341305">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p053863419304">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row202844388154"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1523421113118">FENCED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p9234017315">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1523421133116">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p12340119319">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r30efa9eac27d49c0a4e9185066898024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1f4fa2ac7a64c0f93bd51ef7162d3ba">FETCH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc65211035d740fa8e62d42d2de83aec">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefe7ce983c3d4784a78c452a771817b6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58c84142b8e944e292ea1b01c5343964">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbfd5be69a0164c779d06f4be815a8fd8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a317f947228bf4ca6bf97cf7a5dab3de2">FILEHEADER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a59b80d35bcb24c7eba3562923592dd02">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeedb830ff71d4dea97745133897c995f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5ea98f8b1764a06899be999f465c080">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row2250143041613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p12116222323">FILL_MISSING_FIELDS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p41160223217">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18116112173217">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p101168212327">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r655bfa4c36bf4e88979228ce1ce33ab4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e300b24e299493f8d398a734c7bee15">FINAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad3dd41d5de1e4ab3905935ec0be0a1ec">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd860523d565477eac09dcc152e7d974">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec601e308ae349479b76d78ee2e8a998">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r999ecccb4ff34771985f17a7967f152e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a640635dd8a2d4c0f99dd582731b73b2f">FIRST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5c80dcf26304a9fa5e15f96def3ce2e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c52274aa2aa43c4be6831c800d78ba4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a61afb19e37cb446ba98d478ed9ddea60">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r52b08dafb9c448e8af4aaae840b66747"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4caf38e371b84cdf85ff29abdf7af8a9">FIXED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a96ed62e8ac0b4cb1bb990df5df795342">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4b48472f5ce747dcbc292920545ca87b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a226c8eb780f348e4ade91fef3e300f88">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8d7fe8cc1a794e8aa6d374744ea3bdb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c933d8c30c94c2fb754f8ef079ec025">FLOAT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad432cfe43e6c40d9aafa232743c0b68c">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7597c0b083f4406596e625be5e5fcd59">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2409ef2337c409a8a05649eed611680">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5daf316cafa7497f8178b5475e8bf41a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a182b71aa193041668b5ebfd21b9b2cba">FOLLOWING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31b1af0cb6f84c6a8e415e8da960d09c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1f023c1343c47789f9e6376d76f243d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab44f608d2c624532a9942c635332a28e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ce8d763dda84f279db97fbbf128c744"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a74653d0dabca4e8a87793bd0a11c3619">FOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3482392eb1694fdc824eddb00f4f70cf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0e35e3a16474f83aeb802f7c7aedfa7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9ecd37d428f24c71af84b9b9c6ed287d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r14112dcae3bb4ac4bd4606cdd689b8c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5054dc4149a4a939ff732b7fe67828e">FORCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26e12c9f47284d84a0c2b48fb233ce8c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a310ef3e282a7440c8df7dc1bffb40cf9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f5635dff30b42b49dd427f8f1856852">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcf4bbbf294d3481984ce5656a7073533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af621c98d95464f4cab29194151611198">FOREIGN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa63d6dd2a58e47b59a064fa4d2723f7e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a673f4bb8b38e430ab57fae18295a0aee">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac82b0427065b4bbdabe8bfd486b8436a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__raee2fac3d16a4c02a4464d87556b8c57"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9da16f646fb142789a167f707f5d4ad0">FORMATTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82918b090cba49819c06d3e16ccf05e3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3f1decdf08664929a10f053a139b0072">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c76e87ee3e24e1692306d7aa2819a56">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd10dc4dad10e4c8bb9d5bd96544cd360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d5d13b1bba944fdbf582c6841e31235">FORTRAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a09ca086358ce4ed6a1b7b084567952d4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1031cafb25604645a9273ebb11e5bf06">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d2136d6cf524070a90a304c203491f0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rce541d34f82f44b79aafa8cd43dc351e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb1619a8faf44b20ac09b0186c2a1f05">FORWARD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1dcb7cd5463d4aefa29ecfa021322f64">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3331c5e0bbce4e0ebe0fe2be2566b3d4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8f30859c6f8d4e19886bafd9f2c43660">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ref94223d2a864b919ad8c8edd1322bd6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12f2444a57134320b63e70879ccaa4ab">FOUND</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c34159c52b847ebba58685c669e4ad7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d186e4d0f3c4d28939d1744e727d093">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae970536603a04fdc99fe2748f1887235">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbb9d704602a740059786909241f79326"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0358c979ff1141e1a8737886d56fb8c3">FREE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19b1d62f155d45d984b0ffd5296e3c8b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a747270519ca249c0b82fd8b0f6b43019">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a302f567fbcd4485a9311f8a9e2b7efc7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rab772cac918d422d868ce853d6af92aa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a56f068d3bebd4e6a9e140f7e25316663">FREEZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a048a14b84fee4f139c91b98e18bac2fe">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af07edc9062fa469090e3798eda3fae3f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabbbd2df7884442481a73fa5af2fe71c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8e911d5d8fe04b29a8a6e7abe5569f25"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a34139c0fe2cd4bd4a1d74596811785a8">FROM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07cc47a8d38d498494911648f6ed1d4f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3f77b330ac54a9389f62dd1fff4702d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5411dcf1dc0841a2a6888f928644344f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf286895c29ba4829a9888998e894f58d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0025e5c0dd324806b2991c960b9d431e">FULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a1f4f32f8b643a69bbadd2706e3c34c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a280959ebae894d289582a25e02346a23">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5122c73f7d744076a04926f04b23b22d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1e2e34d7e2fb4ad28f90dcb894e965d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a81c563b05bd146fc970cf3d61ea3887b">FUNCTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5a4a333aa0a4f95850898e1fda54743">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ba1cd63362f418abf49542d6059f52a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ff94911d5d1423f8042500fb7ea7a05">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0c44d5f553ea45eeb38f292ff81c749d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d7a9411f2ed4a2192fd609ddeb2a139">FUNCTIONS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27d95d1221bb4e2bb42e45f3b032f75d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a345e5c143470457996b3b46ef4a1637e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3882eb537e04105aa0770714245c78b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7033b830f7dd40969bd153f9c4470680"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac37f2d75721943478e1f91f10ff82dbf">G</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a49eca41157a84b2899a53856dc216831">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a603aead0ad85460681d9d52386f51102">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d218f678a1d41a1985c9ba0840892d5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5a159abca63f454d89ef4ba4d05cd211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__accb8acd8523346e4b610a9aacb51b69f">GENERAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ab881ecf9724214936083863b179b8d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad14395d3223c4f0f9c81675f3a327122">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19c2de7761bc43a0949c7b4865a88711">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r43f806a4f4234271974dd44743daff7e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b8f3488ddca49279432eaee3b4583d1">GENERATED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a49665e8160e1459295e76b45e0a66dcd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb2e3fe9d5d04644a23320a182b02d5d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a64026575dbfe437f89961feac18ab3cc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb3bcbeb0a35946118106500a510cd009"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe51739880d5410c9c049f76a7ea6898">GET</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab71e9d1b8bbe4412b889098d4a162951">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acccb2b254b8f42d586991891414f3bce">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07e0707b21c34a6c816d32e7e6c101bd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r04c62b623fc341ed851f8085a74cbcad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd2149f259924f4abc98aa3e9f6adf5b">GLOBAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84be145bb1344a97a114656f52ffa58d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1c9356906934c19a9b940daf11c0e4b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a213257c35a09413ab34822314cf564d1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r37e14c74dd4b4bbab917593f2ccd02fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a704e7ac787fc483b9ce667dfec6b39a8">GO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a74f21ad918cd4f03ac7eda897056ff00">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19fe715eb1f84f77875f83ad9c3e8a3e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af15e1ae0eacf4f1493aef596d03d9489">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r97197601565d4fe9b3ee1aae7fc05a46"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f130d9ac02c49fdb87e45bdf99fb655">GOTO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aff4e2d8277a147148fb3eb7e0d0fecb8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a45c0aba980e64a81b9ca85cc8f6d1e47">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a31b0a558b040fd8a545eb924f4a0cc">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbc4d999459fc40a9b2ffa0f8b33c5fcf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12e10711d1294fac9b491197acd21099">GRANT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a79365bf75dd44dbbabbed0a0fa7a587f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9f836cf40dec46809549c45be75458ff">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62b7a9f3d7eb49abbbd1c2582fd47554">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r32a30c00596741e5a04fc900369bda1c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a14c8a091ffbf4aa4bc2a908e1207a3ff">GRANTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6936403f52fb4c7689775d7e1bcd2fe1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a725748f8af224ac497ca4111d9290137">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8e7a983b75eb4c4fba8c75a992c5b080">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9d72af97b64b448b8270a14f07e625b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9fd9ab04931144e9a503bdaeb5ff61cb">GREATEST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac3c4c84239c3423d8e45efd43eda8392">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fa41f60a3254fe5962e04601c18adf4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9ab51d1973946d7934976b06cf60fcd">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r73f49c38576f494ea51f544ad7b6dda0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee3067b578f14af9a2e9f4634ae92523">GROUP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0984d2bbca1e4aa8bc9e8c41386428ac">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab410ef553af34856a30c837968cc1391">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc43bb669a9d4aaeb9892f8770c93e42">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r13c922dd7bad43ddbbe4974dfcc401a5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa56e93a2e7c042e4ac5e7a153aaf45e0">GROUPING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f0d1569209a4bf6ba36a2d4800cd414">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd388e26ebcb4145b12dd8af679f10ea">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a22398eda9f4a528e87b4fdd4171e20">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd010b8120a2c441c89e921f163a0b091"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a76f1db03d1410c93d1e54ffd5d9e14">HANDLER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a330b0f63065043afa71204496ff8eb25">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abfc4f564671c478698fe3ac163e46bd8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5e7ce75ef2244ddc9b20e6e34e13cc08">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5d9621ce547147dcb78b6f927dd9e304"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd62249883da4a55a433548ca0ce4cdd">HAVING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae55e77384fe44ca99117c1240470e097">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa372654e95445dcb6af1aaec7dac930">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a71acddbf07f8448890c5d70e318b270d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__raeb029840c7241e4bed90756c4155994"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6bdd2df4941d4004b3bb3e6396e03fc5">HEADER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a945d81a243304398a74820f032730596">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a186f71e107b842ac9b59e946fd5f5175">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a91eaa4fef6a842d9b5041a934cfb388a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r247c81c98a01483080de23f02511d910"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab756ffefc0d14f42add312bc101ead8d">HIERARCHY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6da12338e13244aaa97341b5db511266">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a726b6d9689de4686bffdfe478b7ce896">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac780d9d422a484fbec0530320778957">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r06d33187ed5d4c9daf66e3f9ed98d6c9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a079509982de2462c8973bb952db5fa41">HOLD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1c387aa91d2c43f38773e06e1e864da4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53a0dc6bc97f44bfb78b07532c27e801">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b0e23330e1849d2ba5d965b4b67d8d7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb5050a76fb874f2faec6d5dc7794c220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a414108a429d94d26b840ba9746eb8794">HOST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae819dd381b1e4dddb746d7b1888ff52d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a9579ddb9f1409a9842ce2518d3fd36">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88ec824ff41f47a1bd23a282c15c5e50">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0d49dce1f9494d078183be66572422be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4fe947f5cfe47dda979cdc6e3e0c053">HOUR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86fa1a01cb14459c8c9ddf4f237a2fea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b6e2e7ab2d2473790a524c51f2e959e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa96c0daf40bd48f989b806afcc4cdb6a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r330115183a4749a5aeb2b756e730e7ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc5824b5d4694adc9915803182f96b84">IDENTIFIED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7ba5193335e4ab49978472ebb9f29cd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a646e5e3cbd24450585422e4fbb568241">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42916a8e8e6247998e180c18360479f7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcede38d77f134790a5f8a08ba03a377e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab0cd04a28da34b0dba81c0652450521f">IDENTITY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad08a2075803a4d458b824d221ed59b9b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c11293d10b142c6b6aad5ba2ab81ada">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf3bd2c01ceb44a69c7539f7ea74b969">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc5c9efa741b74b96beed418389b0b785"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f3bb3943aa1449691138669cc5e11fc">IF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1e4258a1f4f473c8dff563e1d8d17a4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a527388b07e824d5b867479a7a1156968">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba5e7d2b587745dbb5b251b980f967a7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row15186204232519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p10186154222510">IFNULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1418615421259">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p418614213251">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p191866429254">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra7e43c801ec2468bab74eb3ad5a9e0c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c3b11d934b34edcaac4de17f8b37aff">IGNORE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4244dfac341a44f0a153e5cd3dfd00f7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46f58de609284e70a9ebcd6fdad09cd1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a5bbfdd0906431aa76f670fb845ca8e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row5507413101718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p8686013313">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p156817083318">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p186813016331">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18686063320">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6032bbbb62e34edda67dfccf2dc6e63f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c84f9b972944542b8b92f1defe61cdc">ILIKE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab294b02fcdf948d092ddede020813c4c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0fe409f45a2462fbbe58365f863e9a0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af96bc7df973043c18a2ccead34e83280">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r79f3b973b58b48c6a30b430aa589fe6e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4573d3eb8c2a4305890aaf3ce2fb9025">IMMEDIATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a351b1c0fab8a4319a3d1d65a0cd2cf92">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d5d3a311881417f88d96b0c2d93deb8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8f64c2bba267438eabaff9f014d989be">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0cf5863ae16f4e37a06e79235bdb88cc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa25196fe60914ee48e4e088c55639b9b">IMMUTABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab2ef04556f814b0c918a04d5ca9f5bae">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58cf60f4990a4c7ca406b1e54f73d6db">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0960cf8eb23b457e9b10dd59085aa898">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__refabc3dfe43c4272b6306cfe51612bdd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b5c69b9b02c4942a8492395491c506f">IMPLEMENTATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6912f295ad54312befab61c4c08df48">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a283663e8168b4fecb5bf6a6ffb187f0f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3f2e799a48974af9b662fdb31834c7c7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc39a75c9b6f145eea5094d8cee8c2252"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb5d6e49b9da4a578268b0724c36a694">IMPLICIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1b90813b9eef4014afbb86cd3a034256">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73d756a367c8471d9876c540aaa2ae04">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a255bc9122bab45589e081f9bb5cbb00c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r21db6b8d4dcc4358b1a1f3b858bab8c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a981de193fc8f4d45a948c6d93dadc554">IN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe71c0b7621340b59f92d522dad41224">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc81db88a78543d684cbc0987e74bb10">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a646534969aa94bd28c686a8e018bfba6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re2d667578324464b9dbe09bdb0487f38"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad50736d80e21463296d3998666000a06">INCLUDING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d1895546aeb4156adf56512c782fbbd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a33a1e643da37499aaf6cb4b352970152">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1281db09b58e40eaa8c2b5b4ae4cda0a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra1fc055ec7764913a0fce27a5f73e80f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9919468f4ae446e945405a3e4b2ef74">INCREMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6967a15d9c343b5b661326d7d576e22">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e7189b92abf48c7a27d9350c60b3a55">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a50913561eb814fac805eb2f77905457b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r997666ab8fe147b6af0b518e07d86c85"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78ed7746c82747bdbd7b402d0b3535c7">INDEX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a397d889c6bb045309ccb1df8b1edfd32">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08d7ef2438dc4792afd001180d778e82">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabe226595152441e9ad5487e17bb65cb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc148b30746464559a64781b283e1ac59"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc34deb0d3a746308483fe1f1c87793a">INDEXES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0139a7c45244c6e955e8cd007341c3d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29b0fd2373214441b4156bdd2a690bfa">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab2aef4ec59a747e8b1e6b562bc65f682">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r409c3f522b7a451aaea3f3805a00583b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1666ceb69d164dca933e8ea1d8b7092d">INDICATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a84c6fda882584d6184d7f861f8b8cfa2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add139d0d9e114385bdd8c4e4ed8fce96">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88da25f78c0f4ea19468853e4c3ec2e0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0fd3079da6cc4c03a514f884cf4c42dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a970e9e1df18f43cdbe03c4e8bff2403f">INFIX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a81e86c9d32e64bc78864cfbe59b3dc89">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4a53a0ca28244945ae80cf4be5cae1fa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c3668253b9d4589b39311fb8e22ccc9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r31df54f455a943ccb90aabe903ed584f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5b553481f5ca4ef9978196c08907e782">INHERIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e9221f40af34499849f485a5c5c5d8d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a552ac80ab89d46cca71021e8aa721e4e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5844e4028044526995b33e0c6583ec0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re0fe2b6ce892469f8a5018cf0e841a1b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90bdbe9748d347568c67e68b59561a7e">INHERITS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc051ab682254811ae67820f35238d6a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5da238054d34a46a5a65fc64ef25a66">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__accd05ff464fa4bc699ddf1152e6ed3e7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r00222483da1d433a9163138408573cfc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7f17a419df9b4bf2b3efba9bad4953c2">INITIAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac0248ea6b9c846f3aba8eb8efdafc7d0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80f4775a4ee6423cae4ef0d02247ff8d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6ab22f01297843d299bedc27bc89f387">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra81a9b19f58e46448bb0e523037d93d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa0d42bb44da4ccf841a5fc5c6dcb7a0">INITIALIZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6595fa095b2543608b2efae4996a03fe">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1534153806ff4a2aad50f334cba85fab">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aff77b5670b9b4c759a33cbd329083883">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r01fc6d72011a45feacbe9d29890b5f09"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab555e7f4b6444b1d98916a7e1d203b12">INITIALLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6c313291d2dc41e9bb4af6aaf71e7c66">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed1d6e129bf340678a9b31b7e0e0ca3e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add17baddd5804ced9834f9cef85b91c9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1806b9f2bcda4c7aa1314cc9616d3b3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e5765a927fd44929694a5c271ba59f0">INITRANS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12c2990e46fa4ea1a86dfee951fe886e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ebb5deeddad4956aca13331b461d62c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a946d0f4daf6746d6a053e7f03c534fcc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0020b00bc1634f80b8014564bfae57c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a5a754c8a8c469c9bc0f38a603a3229">INLINE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d94157f35174b66bc55839805bec0eb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a800eb32e46c146d9989265b7bca6fec5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac328338283a94df8b389184040745eda">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ff844788c9941599b26e4099e27054d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a838b8030a5fc4682a3b282d39e68070d">INNER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a054a75d9a41d4b6caa3f12208f771817">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed7add9165334a8b86da4807c678aa0f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c505ab2d0254364972f614043634499">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5b243a24c4554bc088ca7c319b9dab92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6d8cac43b1e4723af9dd87f2c6e042c">INOUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c12c96638304835aba471c49d4f0c8e">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0590b7fc8d484d64b753629d47cf892d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a878aaa610e054629965631f7ce7fa712">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra1362d5962c94ab08a1d683a60b896db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa1e06dc673d4fa4a835301603baa980">INPUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1e50d2713fe4c10a2d18d14d1e0f88e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac38659cd60f44f11b44c014550d8a7ea">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4853c3ee577342a3818c18eb201e2e00">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3ea9e27b77dc4a178dc0685cf786f179"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2eb799b36e284fab8930a67df06072e3">INSENSITIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a481bae3bb54d4cdfbd5bf1088c19d0ef">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f5e1dcad17f4b1cafb892c20d163cfa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac0a00a7432143e28a8dbb8484935a35">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r07e497554efa4aa7aef02906bd7b28c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb8a95d805e94e2b9f518ba44ac3b0ce">INSERT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa4f59e854d6e41faab7af1d5a46c977a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8e667eda842843c3bf1b749dab994b26">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a331945eda18b4f86ae3313bf6c3988d2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rae5abb8182ed479985712936951985d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a76e766c80ad441ffbe6ccb36d7fc798a">INSTANCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86bbbaf834694c31abe9b030b06595e3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a97ce5d3957234357910f43164856f207">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26e2fb5d1a8749fbb9b37402317e186c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc3a08627f310489d8c8c3ad892c6334c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e006c780bbd4d0f9c6e707655992402">INSTANTIABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c33e70335b04ef9bd6823bff48936e5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a407b753e51452aac78ba4a37bc901f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7eca70fcb89146358eea3749037ffd97">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7f46ae745840441e8a5207cb7b60d35e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abed2fbfce25147fc8b3a90793b772875">INSTEAD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a739f08fdb3574d18ac8b239cd6c8165f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a816706fc994be899da786e5a96ebfb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3c8455bf60ce43828f275d6058ad0c5a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5c09690332e74f53978682d0e5e27e49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a04d7361fae12494ba44bbabd89fc115c">INT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ed7db94ef664d0796973591465d8f66">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afede5f867e7747288bd988988adb512f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1800a301852348f190569282dfd58e25">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb13a6775939047c9b8f8c4f304cc89ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab93d6452155b46f58db4aa980825775a">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6038e76676a349778d905441b3493a86">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2beeeeab5d8c43d58a55f917b1284387">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac39ac6fc038147649be5b9a5f787632a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row1159114815184"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p983319151344">INTERNAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p128331315123415">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p98334151343">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p883341593416">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r169e7739d9374c13a32675fe957647ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a430bc015096c4046a6af28f89f5c786b">INTERSECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a426e053df5a34ef6bb51fc99905ad702">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08f39101c0a746da90b12ea0b6158d4d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f3fa566a9ce4f48bd4f6cfac53ad442">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r125507fa24e1444f952b7a3b9e1837e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a181eadac0b53490ba95c18d98c0fcd4a">INTERVAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab46104da36884f7f873bab60c5934f5b">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6d1f06d1898f4bb09f3006cdbcde9620">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0b57ec74558408390e1ec4173712152">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra24ba225973244faa24a11bf5dd3cba1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53536b2d10d541a6a33dea14fc9976ce">INTO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3777150e45a2464a91b7f25841500ddf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1e5934ea06f43869410963dc466de81">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9ba6a2f2d5114e1e9eee97d53232fe81">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb0633954d46b4248828b4d5a3428d70f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a560db0525bbd42d1bc64eeeff2fb979f">INVOKER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aede3392bb291475bb19e10ff36df714a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a183f75f572264d8a837c5d6a1a777e8e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07e927d31ad94a10859ef59b5bf3cc73">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re17868514d5a4dc5a5c63cb8003434f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa95071a374d44e3f99bfcee3e7d2e8dc">IS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e307179e7504ed6a8c363dd42b22cd7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad1b45c274844601872b1c407e4bf889">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac42522723e1a4caca923f874e1dd5b22">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d66d2029bb946dba9206c1c1388ef12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9db37276c9e741e285912750a6162215">ISNULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d337fd2067c4b5a9737cdb2f78ae019">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1400d91ad9b04865aee4ffb7701935e0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afe482fb72ff844398371cabc16b8d22d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1a4a11c1cfca4be68a1031cbda79a919"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9844d188c40243db877d32d7cad718c1">ISOLATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af40389a488804eec955c71c1b864f75d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c65999970b4495cacf3088bb071fdc4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0fbf791dbef48108acba3e1ec963a76">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5ea31439c76e4203a51dbf81a9e861a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c591cbee72e458b82ca1b542dfda71e">ITERATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a43aaa90ab2f3425e82bf0e657bc1809b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a10dfdba858404abac86f21bcef965d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9bce2d16eec4c259dcfb55449f66cfb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0843982986e648d9899aa769cc4bcdf8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb2a7fbb55db469582cbb1a3b69ef1af">JOIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a291b2fbf909c41de8925adb01b681712">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1333eaf0e1b9487a8097d4d0ba2e0fc4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb65376ebd114280b87a94acc78e8021">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd37fa279bc0b41b69bc77b508b58b5d6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afbc15ef879d946a9bec9ad5ceae235fc">K</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a95d79c10e559467594fc5b4e2ebaf25a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52f90af6952f464286daffcdd61444d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae3ead02b20d943318b1bd8358cc7e319">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra38d4f2ee94b4f3c9147dcfd2eda6a9f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a53c6d52ca24f1f8244bf2903d47d38">KEY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd85f36ddf7a494e9ea2cce47299df30">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b8abca8ca294e4e89df5825b7ebe0ae">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a644ce99928164c799eb23c388a7fc991">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba990473e7c44886b3cb399af76fae61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a92757485d49449aeb4ff11ba11cc5e2c">KEY_MEMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb3e14ef8d5645bc9d38adda93b4cd99">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad709b375ec5949e4b62516384b979e00">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a28801d106a5e4ad0bdba0cdcb259ad19">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2c4aff84c76c4cce9279121d13801c8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdc0871b261345c99bd087ab47fe1c64">KEY_TYPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac500de9cf9849749f5243447ca27a89">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90cdcb56c69f4d7dbfeccac35cf016aa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2a89e944fb049e9ae3e7ffecd445afd">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r245632a2434d4e498ab03efc30db0066"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a81983cc7ebc74dc8a70d7730f693e89a">LABEL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9df5192f3d3741e09c5ff5b8eddb9d7b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afbf66de4215740dea379e9eb819d3503">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab45a04849290416486559daea5e6015c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra544a5118f754a0082a48fcd8d9d6a04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73e1bf4e7d084f3c87804495339b43de">LANGUAGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2bd5ccb6e73f4cf7a1c7b0f2349f9664">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a202e98d32d9c4940be7f20648240726b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a445c5e5d537248368b01151d86b997c9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6de02d01edb149db8a1515a325cebbbe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a859081bbd3e1482084caf95ee7cc908c">LARGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a94c23fb3e56a4caaaa1ef4f6e08b29d0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1ef5d261df7461590d65d6634a85bff">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42de9905fa4b485982e4a205d8f344f3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r67b6663054a641e6ac552281fea8cd7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4f38d04cf1a4e318a30dd6843aab4e5">LAST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00b4e4bcc3f74a589d8089797f8255d2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa93a52196ea44d5cbe3f1e9982dfb56c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad71dde19067b45baacb182e84464e518">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1eb756cbb16744018cededd98a1a7a4e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a445b9cc1cc83499b856bcf6bd2270bad">LATERAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0cd00dd098914123a98768ab16721613">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2fe02809d914704af2cfe1b513a81e1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adf17b9b74ce345d488405a46b71e2243">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0493e16e770d4346a77c031ab8081c2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa74e7a6f93284e2398fa6aa5bb874966">LC_COLLATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae2413f3ec76241c2ac24523ad6c09260">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af04986b12de142878493d70dd5661710">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48362fb1485343b890d32718a579efff">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0547d1706c6240a4928c3df0837d0212"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3026cb823bdc4c80a67442506c6a0e89">LC_CTYPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd1805289774415298cd92428987acc8">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a538f8da8f6fa41b19a59407c31528d9d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af3b729518dcd4409bfba9052262302c3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r148ccb56570048d4955fd814a16a1b1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa67901f913884a79b64cadcd866a3675">LEADING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa52a4089c8547568f19896ece4b8f28">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a0ad3a80bf04fe5b5a8ba161957d646">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40b141e8fd354ef1a948afb63be68f21">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r17a722b99f28470e90bf9bd1909cca61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9033b1745ab14a1c9aa3f8bca883f56d">LEAKPROOF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad462823a9e247db8334958e0f91ff08">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6440fcd1d05840bdb3f0b0c125cae615">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a253bfc2bee5d4c619b09fbbffb0b75fa">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbaa48cffd70b41bfa1eae68beb616eec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ded8c39b01842d2bf673426b2cc0871">LEAST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad66ca41b9db343d1a28a980d6d3b6880">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc03f6e8610f42a980b07c11cd46ddbb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a259b435a745946e0a6ba575fb3dcbac1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4d6d7343ece04ba0974213021a969c69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac933342a5d7242a39492d58c0b742c4b">LEFT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c89fe85d433486eb5bc018282a1f09c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12b9763cf0af470d9131a39056c11c14">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78c68b24ec734a24a4678fcb708cb95d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf444b3f926584a4fa18e13dc7f0c1995"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae1fe765401f644938722901819f93074">LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a705e2ae608b64c4d942ac03837efdd63">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80f640a07d9d4a1caae651313e308fd4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca232d450a0f4e7a8f901214d48c9e8e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r27e5528688d84baea8eb24192803962e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf940bc56e3a435a8014e5796d4f73f8">LESS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8f8275ff1a1a45bfbebdf4c714cec1de">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9258278b8dd482689826e251a9d3cfc">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53acbafaf0a74b8892e6b8d3db882dd3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6c6b1fcd31af44a1b2003ecbad317e04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad33dc2a544a4e748f2a331fb37d656a">LEVEL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2bc8742717ab4d9ab9c52fe726cca65e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a288785f6153b4acf8c2eb4a482a3634f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4074e63f72834618a91384b8b30924fe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r24fcdc67d2584d7592453b7bdc992bce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa17af4484a844cbbe3c7977b4ce9bf7">LIKE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acad243e4fb5b431586b5c61392b9800c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2ff4450da1f424a8f1c23e5ed645653">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebcd0e731ee1426a8db0683ad13a1cb5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd3bd504e39ef45608e01427d834f2467"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac146b13c88f24ffea9d9fa887048df7f">LIMIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0853e3c83d54b2893cdeccf146d5f63">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4a10b3b7f1e4959a08421e37af7f9d4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3fa4f07939204b2687671d519db07ed2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9c7fba4cc9c54622b24b5c2f4de0446e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4f3ccadfbf34b5b939baea390fe1160">LISTEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6d0ef155537e46eebaee6e8602f1d192">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a97917394caa34b088cac03e0877d1d14">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a03e797595477401ea4eb056b66ec34ad">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1775df485a4e4b5d8fe10969f6fec80a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9aeaa3a0cbd74b9ab3104d4979f5e2d6">LOAD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6df8226c48f54a3eb329095ea3e7330d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a706284cc88b04dc38211b45f20d22853">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0c999ef819a4631b6cfc28d740243d8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra02e4d067bc34d1dae72ecee8de37485"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10808e6209e04eaa978e1fa4e0364e7c">LOCAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0311b33e4a1b48a3a4e3df7a337f8322">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a178e1829bdea4c8c8b825584a84032ee">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9aefaa5877884e1590b3c9decc77d5d4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbaa125514d1f42b3a40f3f8a3031bce6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad72abb715431460fb5c0f90bd1bdf5a2">LOCALTIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a422286f5e18a49b2a54aefb31d1cc4f8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4948b6a14c304b06b2fb587a3b9d1a49">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdb72077e1894025acfa121377ec05ff">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4d2599a8859f4f9ca6dc518f6e592aeb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa05aee2049f44b40abd62c3182063715">LOCALTIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4dadd1e5241941439c6fd04773a6fded">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef3886908165498a94951091e683af2b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a54c9cf07289a46b782735410866ad7d0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfbbf18e4f9ee416eac830e22ba1c2591"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5bfc9dd769c24c1cafa3f2a994e0c81c">LOCATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11e2ba8eb1c1497a91913e9bdf15129f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29bb3f7a78c04c839c6dbee52bd912f0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1bbda61ad4854b3087ec19ef5f3c0c72">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf3c90a9811224fba926ab399e12bc78e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c2255b289374e41810662b36dee7e10">LOCATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abea8dae4032448b0bd0e2dfc6d2cc5bc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa18c9c2770d94df286caeef4dce02bd0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5503b0259abd4bbeac1e387327597a56">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r796eef761aca4587b3f7b7b4eada48ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a473dc5278c6d4d94ba10d7a6bddac6e6">LOCK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf46cd12398a4c849a9db6974444beff">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a499a88cf7a1f444c8a195e1132390036">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8de8d41d79d944e290f5a225f1ba26a3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r626acc475f3945bc8a0e9e76662951fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d3f65eaee2c410487b04b9673bd7210">LOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad2c8687914ce4117a9b792ee890e25d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6cbf806983fe4ed1991ec87c9f725cb9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5ef035e445b4cf89ffe7f5e32cd47bf">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r69ede3dd3c064a40a65da5ed2d31d20a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac38b1bf35b6d401cb6cafa057d166f72">LOGGING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb2f8226b01748bbbd7aac409f0a2130">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a96804eebae6042478b77242d07e99b45">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a860b17afcf694a5db629c1ca871c4ff1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__raeb19d10c57542609cbeb0c5507bb975"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b3b39d7b58b4239831a703d634910c1">LOGIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b91986f3f4546269a6c79012056720d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9fb2170c858b46cdb7798d1fa28101e2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e6af9639a8c47968f1654b4c0762d28">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba1746d424d244998ff66990c369e377"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3ee6f91e24248c6ac2c8707070205c5">LOOP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32afb2bc77a7473bbe409f14ec2271f4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6ad7a7f83d54db4afd0b8f817f64818">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aada0446276b24357816a37945edb969b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc6963cdf09a841e89782a41db86a9fd9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb574a00c32247b19d7b8ecbcb251576">LOWER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22a41569403741029d375ae678ff9568">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae1460dfd03564677b13c6310f836aaae">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa79e48e8321742339b7a1f028365286b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r33524babb1944013a2c6631c7100546f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab667f0cdfd1c4c48ab88c4f0ecd712c2">M</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ade53571a676243b79c60f5eca33cf8c9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa47973b2ab0841588aabe409576dd5b4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a341377054d494a4db8fc57bb038ce6ef">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d25b0e7f4cf4ea5a8880e6b903ff1fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6308b3023273450c89eab4bdab7407fe">MAP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37190a8342004a0ebf9e650147268cca">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5fb5a4604654c0a93226e6cf52bb964">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a738f666e712b48c4ae1bb4ad86f504e5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r70df4fcc2eaf4bd5a726e42edd3ce2b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e8146c82389415280a9393df1e24d51">MAPPING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a56f88751f73346e7a5aa1b221962a623">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1e17127c208419e8ae910221e0ce4a3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ddbdc2e40a542278d510373d8d2add0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r681bbb358e9447818927ac9b57e4a958"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b2e070bcd904d599bcf9b0e14d85fb3">MATCH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6376c70d47f3457383f36f12846177a4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa64f333170d04f6586765417bfb881f5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0076b6f492a448e8b85a3e47881adf68">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r054b27f5ff374cb3a170aa111cd5f0d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24964d9b6fc7497bb63820092da55898">MATCHED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aea3c64d9f08445cbbfb71205413bd428">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd58cb0e8c364e0eb5977e6c0d004619">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4472911e8d5344b6992777632e515229">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4aed3479814d4d938b71d7c7435d25fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a93c0ba95d7f54658b68b71c051feb528">MAX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a01dd5677814b73a463d495cc32aa49">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaac80491d89c464cb6a6204a004f5c43">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3202300454494be5854c43c591e882c7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbaf1e9c269c442fca18a8be0ad87f798"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a573a31880e22460086df4f389fd3914b">MAXEXTENTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac1a99816f11f44f0ad9e5b6c703f035b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29a646edb852432890e944fdcb3968da">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4da245f5f9f4adaa2632b72eecaf805">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcf1bb977ce3b4800b8f32a251eb21334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35a35b41e4634dc398cef7a9bb4e6dd3">MAXSIZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a848bff6a3f8d4f9aaf4eb2997c50cfe8">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0159e66e849e4fcd8b164ec1fdfa31a3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22aa81c96d1b4da4b4ad5d67be03b33d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rce6de9b09d4a4a60a2bb8d2e89118b3f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9c62b7bf66be47a391ba2fa26f8bc4d3">MAXTRANS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9384c51435ce4f29b315e60a1f5e3d66">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae5cfc962e7bc4741ad5d2ee2064734e6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add5a54f82e994b0b8b7b4a5db64a29d7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rec5082856ac44a3ba5ac47ee3b9c27f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca7b29fc81b14ebc9acf246deb6bbaf5">MAXVALUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac382c676936743d695dae7b21d0cb9fc">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad3639efb775f436fb93c3338bb2aff74">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa5845a3013d47fe8f3fae5a33c74b3d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd40fba13f18c4317ac381aeb5f82a3ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a184003f578714688bf70021efab166fe">MERGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae69b746160364043b53dd522b38a14a5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabacd0040a8e47d097a783fd4cd7e0da">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a75ceaf98ec554319991b65991c5c1c1b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6e32a03704a04ea1abb8b7e8be3f28b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a13a19d3a872249d793bd2ebbbad45758">MESSAGE_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8929196fa6ad4df9b8370e71e7067600">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a826007930dd445bba4d81a9dabcc74aa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d199520ed7a4958b9cb90340d6a5ba2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r20cb6c7ff2fb452fa3034efb111f4320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9715d36e527e471bbf01f6494ddf364c">MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a13d3d163350249b5aece1eb7c0add4a1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed3273365f2b40a7a5ab480121a2e6d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad55451556577471bb3589fa6ab26921b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6d2dffc9bf7343d2ac9067bef18895ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ae8687d7a2f454ba8ce42e7a061dc96">MESSAGE_TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a4bf65e9235498da5c03b43aea72d99">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9acd93de938a46fbb684f6060809b3ac">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3246713d213948a787021346055988f0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rec0c2a8ca14f4a039859f11b360cfd9a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a011816a4f2db466d89f3484c013d1d79">METHOD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a08ec822d7f4535946f0aff0593b012">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31e021a2f4ce4d4e9578d5e8cf3d39e0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6974ee3b14774258ab8e7cda094012e7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd3c0ec5d87b14dbfaf02960c95fbb213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8921ed80cfc740fe90d99a28e2ae7684">MIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2a324bf19a6248a3be37ecbcb0dc0112">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a678be7f854244dc4a30c9a3c8677b1e1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7c244690299424e8be92f1f341d294b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1bcdbf9794b143e9a6e4c658ac787e6c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a869820f132af4a1eb4da890717a2cdd9">MINEXTENTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa26e9d95ce614de9ab04dbd9860a31b3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2885ec4b00a14482af973cdb7fd3f0f9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad3a2035f21cb4cfdbde0b6c0e085bd02">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r43b1e0423b4a4ce3883f312b5cc1acb0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeaf31d3074b04304975f573a60813cfa">MINUS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc7669e3a20b4ea18ed6b28b82686d69">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab287f2fd8a0c4a2e9bad833d5709cc17">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab18ffb14617849a6a41cac32d20ea070">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8bbd1d5f5f114be7887d230de1f43d49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e910888fdbe459493b8bb39c222fda1">MINUTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef3432084c1040a6b4da3b127d976714">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a8f0ac07d574962b313bfe42cbfa2c7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a438e742eb40146189b4faf12d2f8bd98">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6ee15a25f99c43168d1c30156ffb1ce8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9774d9e33a445b79210c77fa05b4b23">MINVALUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9c866b7fbe6f40f28af18c09488f4ed7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a780691bc7de840fdbb4e9b506a879bca">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26f98ffa3cbb4277bce30a6e6d0c6466">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r421c2a9485524a789c4e1270c21fe117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc853dd6f312417395a9812d0b663841">MOD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31e10d5ffc1744b8b6916750f925eafc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4504429268f4a73a4af6c578726739a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d5b773263ac4e36b9279254a6d18278">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r13899d1b2da4418eb9723ac1021418bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabc4db4046ff4646a12a9580c1a0361d">MODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad994259f4f064405b40ebcc7cf6ab1c8">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7671fe5120d442a6b59538ceacc7e4e6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2a42bc867694a0fbe49bbf591e3eae4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r47e8c384570a427b898dcb471a6d19c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a179e8f17584b4bcfade9861c5f253e3f">MODIFIES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a800bebe38295432c95771d57596d35e5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0bda8a9b284d40ebbec6c963b7b22a35">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9cff0f33d4be485ebbbe5cc9b22a805f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3fdd715a617a41b19a76af3ab42ebc7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac2df8ee0149c41f18db0f41c2871800b">MODIFY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3690b18c684a4206921e9e524257b12a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee25c77c3dc344858784633163257979">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a226641968e16411ca91ebc414d944784">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfa25d10ff5ca47bba8e613b6afbfd340"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9133471eab704108bfa3f1d06407d73b">MODULE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af78400f0eb9043aab94b31bd75ff548a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a69d927059fe64be881fbb452de3045a1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ceb79e77c1245489e67ce88a851162f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5f0421bf67a845bcab0f0166ff74e066"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d4fef4514b749da9d5a752b3cb97fa4">MONTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7bba4f2668c848b894f7e7ff92a96fed">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a51e7f8cfea764b3782686881a5311dbf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82e5d46c274b4ee1849349874008e0e7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re3ebb59f635a40c6b845cf5f9ab43d35"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb2fcbe4b0a940d4b7319d8b21d82ba6">MORE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46a5c904a4dd4a5caaa9c61f1ae2ed06">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a831f01709de8427899985b6decde2540">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a465ec00e7e0e4476b384fe42ec88a4be">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4858418146434955a8ebbfcb51c8f83c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe3f0f49c7b04890871abd6efb21b920">MOVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86678595ddf64e58bd0d983786f50740">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a94b5ed9b795f4f4db3819577de8f8ed2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad9c5609facd046098b75b1252e027dc1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7d09167ba10744498b6d125369ff2df4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0aca44dbeef147ce9f895ce96fe9f321">MOVEMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5784fddbb464140aba5299be3eeb7bc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40671381b6ee4ff2b4843ac20c361a72">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae45fbb8bde234ee78505e56411f14730">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0952acdb497c4d029edac75c8f37e964"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a188cb2861cf140338ead0b66b6a12455">MUMPS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19eaa6e97fe046808ed9b9a1c9aa80a1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a155bf8dee939427a9868b3c126748e96">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a623936350af3497cbf4bd150411a0dd8">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9640be8685854ef994b4c5d4093da329"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abacf8070802244aeb1ce5420d8b287e3">NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe92ec94467241638354af8c075bc380">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae5f0179b0aca4531bb2424bb8b2f4637">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3728cae6e5c94d03b52e9481b6c7d928">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8ffefef5a1384c469c3eef371f72e696"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1b8e060c2b9548bbb1e948f0ce1e5cc6">NAMES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb5c22b2e4444ae0956064560c4cff8d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae58d6690434746d098adaff7d7824b93">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a23004158c3034559bb0027350482d3a7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r683db6a4051947cbaea45fd95b001e92"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31f5f4775d494acd989ec7881c021c52">NATIONAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52e05a1552914bef813ef8b6c7deaae4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73c0d9852f9446d0a5ce50548fb25fc3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a358d7748d17b41358819641205836a40">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3eb736a9420d44ea93dc6a4cc4690476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b8c27b1488740a69f01d07c15743399">NATURAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a644948e742c94b5ebc13f2e513a0b9e7">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a77c1ed7ccf1c46fcb18d2d5c048fbfba">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae08b7963d93c4ee4a9d0e763a86da7c6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r073be69f292c4b1c8672723dcc0197db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad276ad1908bf4c4ba3aa834c11c14071">NCHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae44295490e8e4a48ad2ebb705543cb6c">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeceea97794e74edab465c4ea7efdcbfe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb7f8363d95a44598e9d9939e6ea7897">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r591e46a0f23e4d91b6915da3fa551013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa283ab55cb984146b6a87c3a5caec46d">NCLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a532602a3e95c44858a4fa53b83d4b54d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8228fb9f576a4eb991f9893e2f957d65">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29387dd4ec364353b024defbc31386be">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ea37ad1614a4aee83338386808d9a4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6ce57194ecfd4392ab93db4e943cfda0">NEW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac5c0649c20314ccc90cf0eeec6e55995">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aacd176d055624747b673a86a4fae768d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44a84487528e47469110088361b6d8dc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rebcefe1a7ddf4fad9de832421840a09d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00bd818f46bd47dd9bb6ef53c75d2fee">NEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae069c251fe1a45f4bfeaa9539e6bd2c2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d7db6d278d24687bfbe48cad0a96b50">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba4867ac32914f87aec97e7e22e75358">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4f558e09eb4b4b57b3301757ad3c9121"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a062340c943f1488f8eeb8cfda6e0399b">NLSSORT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a89ad10c37474480c9c1162a1c569d97e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48ad116f564641e6ba978cf0457b4fe9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12ec7d06e3af4e21b8601293a560bce7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6b47de06fe064a539c568a953e965eca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a404535b7a7ee4d129854633ac1220ec0">NO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa258128458ce47c7adff4197f6b99de7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac8f3b0155f774822a2d266150eac84bc">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a272fdbb21842e5bd870a0e4ccdf0ab">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r540075e9e4054cd39e6c74d19939fa4e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ade93ece577664df4b0dad4fb154624c1">NOCOMPRESS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3fea2b383f8c4a039c29bd2a2101a4d1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7d60cca15b7847b3af31dd25e899687b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a719d46c8ad6c493695c02f0b25613773">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4f525ac2c0bf4fe4af0695b8b913d908"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f230dce674d4340913fc74e12bf4c4a">NOCYCLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0b6b545534c4760876b0cecafe83ccb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e6795272d874246996270391604a923">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb302709c0ec4ce1825102a9294d4b56">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf9e4ad05e60345f8b277068e6cd229ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88616aaea387488ca427246a97b857c8">NODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac536977f924445538619338b886b7496">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a91bcaca3975940c08f4e8888102252c9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58a6638fe1984afd9559e40516b51e6c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7761516da8a54adab2fd3fdf6428a8fe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ac506e831794ee4a1d683fea13d79e7">NOLOGGING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2e01ffd810c47f8890fb89e22c9cc81">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a81757b4c8643759540febcb6d35686">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a57d89965903b4dde93000eeef6c18163">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r289f2781856449f6bca6b89a5f66d710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f0a4cada54e47a1a5d2fbcffe8db6ab">NOLOGIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ab9ed513467491f881d9ca27b589cea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb3056ce4ab843ba9e778e9d4f6b8c07">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a067b4600bc9b429f99860ac6d5f0e74e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r20f7e54bfe4e478f99c7b96d311487d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10321168f9564258a07b5e5155deeb70">NOMAXVALUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a33604c990d624f30b1cefeaf6587c1cc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a69d4787bb33e494ba58a472a10b590dd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4cf5b7f6033542d2b7ef7929565cbc9b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1dadc69f325040868c6cebf363bdc4f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afa1425a401214d6fbbef237fbfc85d6c">NOMINVALUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d4d946b1a984dbb8cee204227c9de2f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c9efc391a0443ae8daf28f7527c0188">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab672f09d4b274c5daf0384c0c9dfbaa5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf26eb7b6c58e4c75b0aad3a2b3e240db"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf1a52d7dca944abadeeaeccd7f2e6e5">NONE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0306dbe2736948d089626e02d517753f">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26070d59a21649e88456f58c726bc19f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae656666ae844544985a45561ab2a6b3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7f59cf4163c94a02b33742aea46d4bd9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46018ce520ed4f84ad9099d8078b4308">NOT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8aa846f72a1c489b84d2b846c7557900">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac45d09878e1f46c7aa68c9f0f40022a0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2eb015a5e136431f8b48564855b9aa02">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r849e2c0b16eb47118819e17f67627d1c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21812fe27cfa4b28a8231a0c1023fbed">NOTHING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e62f175d447452d9f5a7109c0a2fd97">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9f4a71e6d174feb84ef3a5de080b29e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0055ca957a345c584d2e5e0b90e2fe2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1cf7cdbf50224bc99129a2e8f34e3203"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc228df7d1104ef6a37a162a8b17e82d">NOTIFY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c112537a2ba4dc2b224b391409bd63f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a75aea7f917f84754871be71bb5466bca">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__accf64a307b6e43b0a0c215085af58b4b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0856596f9c9847df8c430b7d574e17bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32be52f173b84b1fb40f469990a216e7">NOTNULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c8f57c6cdb04ee48e223ce016299c12">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa0ce87a31c7b44fdaf367b6a021e13d1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f820cf8976d49b2aa9ae0a1e0bf4a46">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r92e8b5996b2848469a56632a11182024"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a37996290a0a24ba18ff52580eec757e7">NOWAIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd329875ef5e4ff588e85539edda2f49">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ed9f50d23a449298ce26e5d0cc85642">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6eef686cfd64b439ef281743ea8f279">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd2d3bcfe69ff4674a6849a0b43cd8931"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4a9dd9373bd44958960a55a93abd2a6">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0c4d8fe7d9940e4a0ccc65ac5635630">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a39dbc20f8f2848f587e478814c5e7e09">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a074aedcbed264c76bab224c6f032d04e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcda7f75111c4488cb90d88f6869e064a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acbc4171c44a24f2cbeb10e350d642085">NULLABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acecaf6d59bb14ade86599a21050de922">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add036bcad52b4ebb845a414cdbeefeaa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ebbfe86c8924d2b80c206b0c4becd28">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8a4c086e89d84bc9a58fde4ce55a38f7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44a083fff040495f8e81b1d4611f41c7">NULLIF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86363cb5b6874a08b0cbeb21987fccb6">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87de2b70e8b5451a9617e4eda0b64c4e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a4637dacb034d8597e924e7edac79c0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc7f8b30212af4cdf8891b28d097f41a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d9b6df605844c21af6074576fcdf500">NULLS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a96f3796b08594091b7783c2428de560f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acbabe6b0fd52421e8873ff45cf93c771">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1c9fbb66a7b48d5a71da3aae290f953">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r258892763d0c4e229b355b9b036af644"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ad82322677b40d49e33a84700ebf616">NUMBER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8fb06071a8754af1a3c4492042527722">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a978536c1c5204818ab2450da543b9fd4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5a7ce73933b4e86a8984bd8b41cbf9d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbf52410155f442d78560126c14745ef6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82f9d91105f74495885a5167d7fe9703">NUMERIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a57da00ef5bca4405bbe67a32e2781ca9">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae28b0139d4f54d55945e0738eb49b400">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21b5307c8b24431c94de5c286d90fb9d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9aa97bfba3f54bbd874ce2d420b98a67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf062facb6ed453eba6fc5958d2c5957">NUMSTR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a56d561d5281540daadb3682c531c0e22">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d8bfcfd44494803bea3eb06ed77125b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab35d5771b4f34790bd54ca6d9ad6cc7f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8597d2c0c7504053b3abd5fa26f0cb90"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0cca25359123424a948997dbdb900324">NVARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3fe41d2dbcca45c7b59ebba4526b6431">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7f5dc1935af642898cbc3bcc7b25f0cd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca5bdc8e7619464d8df71d7069cc0841">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r785eb6d16ae646ff9cc7ba5c2de1740a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a152e1bee72f643ff946ac520aaee8bcc">NVL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a986dcbfbbccd4378902424f45c403da2">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47f00304e34b48e1a558a6ab5c14d2a7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af9c70c875e2c4b279c011da9e6a7f5ec">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9b6bea72a4f54ecfabd0bdd4330dd37d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4755f7d618747acb5397080551e813a">OBJECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af7ee6fc4cc9f4cba920582499d8275b1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb419f3ef4914ce490600894076b2857">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae098c9165ddb4ae3a115b68784650fed">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d4fcbc257b0488cb09e8d3dddeda5b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad4c8a3579d7f4af980ae8afcaf698832">OCTET_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8d034793ddf4ae6960eacaaad7c55f1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2835843198cd4927859891361f487429">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8151eff920ad416886fc0f5a3514ac90">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1e458fa0e6dd48aea6b0413601656e84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a91b3c331e4224cc0ba6c2afdb309f16d">OF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a452ae51603524ec2b79ac8c948177d05">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae7c442419523495e906eb58492e3e818">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add5c508b258642ca83cbc60971d9ca7d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r182164b5d19a4f7395f492d686af71f3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac35d9645cc1f45f29956dda24e3879be">OFF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4570a8459eb04a9b8fd20e46ce73ddef">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a41cd32ec2c454f908ca76529dc47f205">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a404c6a5520484792a5f602c67208cb0f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc22309f402384af7a05b360e102a5030"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1b1a48fa370245c28146f2e38cc5c97d">OFFSET</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abc1043de311848bf88f38785a6dd5145">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1f807c9328b43c5bdccbb77989e0717">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16bb345410684d1eb83175b271b80634">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r65415b1de53b4076a7a3e55da77d232c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d984f6c3ad34e86ae51c437ff2530f4">OIDS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa72776448ad14507be876496e1ac09ec">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba82b3c84bc5474cba0b9c8c0c5a2e18">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a70f6eeab8cdf452a8a50aed5cbb80d03">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r50e6bb967ddb48eeb750359d64e4b76e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ae83ddc9e3e4123a09354c7e8d3d773">OLD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad79fb14422274d3191f53be869d62b48">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a366bc3e77be349d8b50aa08665aee3df">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ef25cffb6814df2991d8d974ef95f36">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0e6ec75cbe6142ae963acba8d9a1aa94"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd086cac79324102a175217d34f9ec37">ON</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73ca9d1f6d724949a6b9e23e691f9105">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ea3509c399647819e9757b7850b1afa">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5be6b35baec54f4f8b1f996963652fdb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r681f36388c77423bbfc3b90defd12675"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9b1593ba2a246a5a8fa844de28a704a">ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af186e372263b496bad3abac539e74c25">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4ff14405a5840dcba8e07f599343a3a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb8f1b7ef6a64dfa9512c73b658754d6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf6c479184f5e43d98300df3196637f34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac0999c9e4fb44b1d806ad9c5d3aebd72">OPEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a28b56c93b3654f09ad770e49ba71b9bd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b1a1e72594b4d64917db437ca14892e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc86c14b9ddc45c1a94a87b16980c514">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rde6cb74893db43f2bf94cd78644b1cad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88850788364b4b7c8780692899e8dfa1">OPERATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a55a26141f3754d07a09e2541f78f050b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a91b5b9a5411549d9b2d40f1c645063d1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae57205ae545f4dd6bd98ea6e302bcd77">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd46856005dcd4bf0ae5596948dd6c64f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2d604351b0042bd9d8b6951ebf3fdcf">OPERATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a17f9010f4c454c84a315b0875fbbf296">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a535e427b279f4d7283f4f7772dfa99ad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae530ec1cf314d87a07ce5631f639043">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1161263685f74d3aaf57dfb69cea88a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1074d19d1da4484ca3cade38fdd59c40">OPTIMIZATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5644c9c7f5b846b38d9b93587ed83b81">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a36221be8756541949ff7f2b1eb12d06b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19bbe93632014c4d8b78b130922ec72a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r541e0aac188e4e31a4a4a0f32fc7fa26"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e44451e23ae4fb5bb086e0e885a4edb">OPTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abad577d27e4043269a99297e351c35ee">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afe975e2abb9042128dd44ad9c1a4521d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac8f34dec438c47679b88c3c517d29cfb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r61db8c0550b542968f164d29d0f92e80"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af677a5d54a6d4a058d2ff39229f8b166">OPTIONS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d3d375e407b4d7bb992fcb864ccef7b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c4df1257f95451181adbb7790084722">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8711365f0f134b06bff88b8856fc5878">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r859ae3bf0cfb4021ba013fa48c71ae05"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a273a50805e0d4e3eb39361d3e26c4769">OR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a143f26d28bdd4187b27d1590ee2b8165">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2c6864bef97453e968abf77bb4a3d13">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb3396bf7ada4a59a601e4a103e8a6d0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ed6eb23c7de440bbb841a81da4e2e8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae590859b062747a79e4a7a8f646894dc">ORDER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a350f9b066b4f4c96bd76fb11d9527277">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a090eebfc2ec844368eaab4fc3b3d112c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9c15d750a7bf4ebbaf2a74e7ade9c125">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbbeec1fb69794f28bacc757a603fda31"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0041b591be864b5487e2cd7cabc5f0a6">ORDINALITY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a286f405c0d5244508ba4040e8444bbb3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4cdde42b18b64c4abfb5e72be3fac1eb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaaafce0b0b38421f917c3b83108f1811">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra15fe05a6db6447796c34fb6e768aa61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80e763c788534702a2d1358905c3ecb9">OUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a825d93ee76894de5b6d4b948a361c067">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2bba79ba8de5419db2c4d5fa2fdff6d8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acdda65352c7a4c58a6a5f115481d6c46">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfce26dcd8b7a4f8db1ba4618eb6b44ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87a5ff4c72df4911a8bc0af5c40f506c">OUTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa20c5e2638d349ac867018dc0e12c0ae">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb8bd9411fa84e708df9aea2d9b538dd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a57fda184940f4f0db03b995f8b642422">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4a098784af294ac1a75e7095d5af5e56"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87f6d3bb445845e9bd230d2d084ce884">OUTPUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd448d31e1394f26b05e43d0667ebee8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aab3160f220754718ae6ba590d35c1a9e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9c529217fd54d4c8f197889a50e0f50">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9fa0fc0ec68f413ca4ea625532677b2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a36cad0becdb94bf48c8b90e1686af9c1">OVER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0eb5c24f6ce04c29956ae1e5ae6c5320">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdcda299753c4d9c8cb53879405a6865">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adac4fec4135c496897578b1cd654a697">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfab4937af2cf458093420a2d07ace782"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2e39678748c471681c12718ce98e61b">OVERLAPS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae1ea4a6097f945c8a0aa365c835b02c4">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a74722839a4274434b8b73022d5091dcd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2e4313b0ca79421d84bd026e8421bcd0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r69266675e3b048a18cf3f61fe55ec349"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a45c0c286bf6d40da85e9f3c12e347071">OVERLAY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73cfe95e1ff14ddbb7f4e122233dea2c">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7a724018d9fd4013a41bf850a80077c4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7e811111a924576b5e78a7e3833e798">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r87f8afa03c2a4bf79c8f1e7ce866b7f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a2e3139cf484a30828f913ed7610f62">OVERRIDING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26be0661190a4fffb220e1aaec7a545d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf0fdd58c49c49ff8e45b0f8392a1326">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a687f509ccc03481abce464c3d8f0f1b1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd65277053f3940709811312489bc582e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa16e70a2fc344d4f8c0962951050996b">OWNED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38ae71e2a30a4ea6ab02f9d11a72f984">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22409456e0624e50ba4764bc07da6777">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac377f09d52c64d12a53654998e38ab1e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra0e8f925b60b4081b0991807ee6f774a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab0108d6839534187bf83cc8256408e07">OWNER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad128c4283fb947fb89f68d78d86b76fd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ca89b9ae3604542b1a1bec54dac81f4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b57e81116454d958740fcb631989935">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row1927204215196"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1312519354358">PACKAGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p181251835133515">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p612510351357">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16126163513356">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r14a01bd727e642fa846ea4b49bba107f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af79aa896728a4baea033f165f8db1e59">PAD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab39b019490d0430a97904c9807b5ff5d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a800135b560ac474db35303a7e12b7705">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac46f5da15bca4875a49ab13672be2fb0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb64a7b0698c64433ad5bcfca70834cac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a522ae3382e90430b9c14ff094550dd22">PARAMETER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72678704d6bc45c0a3cac0a2c2f5206e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad32e146b3cc24e918207ba27b1f4f3e4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaee6a14618b94bf4beceaf44aaafde49">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rff2bcaa764d24264ac0c161c16f19e00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12874d81a6424ead817b9ff341e4f36c">PARAMETERS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ad83c362f36425ba3e6993bd247fb5b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a695cb914040c407dafec39d9e72e71d0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab49d1af2c5654c9b9dd3df0f9ff1d505">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r79e41611adae483aa6e219d4efb4d2ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a057e0399e2454e4f902d5240d74cd322">PARAMETER_MODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52a08ed02f2b4059aa643cb3ef96bac4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac24be422e8184e669f584593b3fecfe9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a61bbbb5be2634495a2aa5bc59b63a090">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf1b8c1261d384e00851e0b853e3e29d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f6cfa6ec4aa4ad685928f8666745e5d">PARAMETER_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a623696c3999f4e78840a586c92561b04">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4626a5739357450f8b6f972695f9e9ce">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc2eb23657a94f37ac5ea8f29af6f47f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1c933d641995474aa5eb3ca13cbcb32d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a265e3caef404479f945729ac0566a0e6">PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1bf5a5e862b24dccab75376cbdc242b0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73fcb38c307e4076aec8449e4ca110e0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8263acc7183b480b9be78c691db8d811">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ref7b7fd3df044e82b7a84cfa1acaaebd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb866a660426429d8bfdbb1f319940e6">PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6e6a0dba5d874ebd807165cd75cb2c5a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8470a8866d7a425d82302eb72bd2afab">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78e086a22a8243bf9c54f397b59fa035">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__refc0a9f49f59476bb0b5d76a3374e6be"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a4aa561f964438cb89ce0a0e5ee7426">PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78a0684f818d4b6997ea7cfdf3ac53d7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0aa491869a684a19a8a783d2332ed577">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe3208c4e98f4364ad07edc67c9f684a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3ebe1d70d6df4b199ee452ed167bc11c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3db7e9dae60b4f44a7ae37347941f806">PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ab2f5e11de040ddab1a0377e45fb410">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8691be599ac1489abdd6d5abc91798e5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c95424743a246ffb84816951e1ffc9a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4c024c438b294bf492ab7e0c5764d7a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a89db013cf17a4c1b97d3ac7419f212aa">PARSER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a890341b96cfb4f4ca761a1bf5299104b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3a291f517d445f3903344e9de293e4d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9382c35942ee4c9db9c0620091760123">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd5bd91d667334eed81665f825a4170d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a197a884c70f84784ac258f288605f924">PARTIAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aecc340094b1442408dfe5f6168b16fb3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4e134e5d0fc4db4ac5bda7da84cdd9d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9320d63a71bc4c04b6ae40e058af24a8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r135578a5a99f446caa4f3f95fffbfd55"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a545659d231b7485584c5bc804a4dcc9a">PARTITION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00d232985dd04f7e9233aae9287d303c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a40a66f23a1fa4965ad37c4de0bc3a9f3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf35a1a87e234cf3b9c996f8e0b164d2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7905330cc7474deab3ed57b9b545746f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada3335504f3245e2ae0fdd743b66978f">PARTITIONS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47b5cc9f438f493ba019b1b61c231a6c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6dd834950fb244c2b4890e2e7c890f2c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a099807d994c94d47b816ba0fa9c5fae0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7f71829c1a364d78972d05b7c00f0ba4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad64185020dc740cf96bdaefaa1cdc291">PASCAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a66594683649744649a412fa56d5a1a81">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9675414bac1a43ffb81664a43c6c0928">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b57930818f341ddb9260e042181d3ee">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6b60e33969a2441b99a3e9a8cdf5b57a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4849204afd86409db4ae03b7ced1999e">PASSING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab87bae669e5b4c51833b769a562105be">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a41eefddc374640a3b218ebb3cac3ddf9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1fde32cdd6f461c9f124df83cc89480">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4e99c803fd164323bb6601a7e67f32b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af617a0d04daa486993f1e00c35bb9a77">PASSWORD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a50bf82d5dc244139b7e98caffafff2a0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d610b3e863a4a53b769fd2e43acf6a5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a940a69788d1144a88d2867de681aaa4e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2829be361f1c487b9142d3b7c62ee4bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e41a18670c94c2097246bcb5094cbb2">PATH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac4559c262b44446b41e720d45e13a58">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acc5a7e07692c4e4bad516301c2706986">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeb8cee18a83b40ea816f5e2fad8410ba">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r07ed1bb651924cb39b6dc079074c9f7a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0db0526b65274d8a8885732faebb5d2f">PCTFREE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a23dd15add15f4ef9934be1ebef1b9c06">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac9ec4f09f3e84c6bb15d71e9be001b53">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a505fe5eb2cae4e119a6b373b187d2775">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3293844dba854de694b402a93784ee73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2e997638f3d147b9a6371eaad62bc337">PER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9beebc6e6e2d4b488e5b7bcf65d126f4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a458675959b66403486fd4885d2b04f07">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac9ea24f061c542eda2376b693e6d9d12">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row9995945122016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18107193983612">PERM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p51071639193610">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p12107183917366">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p7107113918364">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3b02e3115b2548c3a1c36bcee4744e63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a29aa54542201472d8f5641a0918e3329">PERCENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__accb9ef7e9f994458a7b6821286b402fd">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21e88b78c4aa44d8b2aa77d761c0e386">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae6a313ac462f4982bf380cbb9ad1694c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r481dced241c84a018dc7eccf63ce086a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae75eff76e4dc4be184c2111811fc0e90">PERFORMANCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab33ec195137c43bba5c649e180a3b6ff">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae041d3c82f184df8aba05a653ac0c178">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2381729f3f6d4c038ccda8c27a260f15">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e76f13eb03943c08982dc1854baaef4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d45048397594f9c8727bf7520b42c17">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac3f45617189445f2ab925ef52607213f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row4782171719214"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p12499218372">PLAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1049421173718">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p54942153718">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p349142110377">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__red5283d38ae34c7589db30349bb35b14"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acdfc756b503d47e7aba3f206e8cb7e77">PLANS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa54d5d9b85a146ab83f8910560f47fb0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90193902405447d7b660ff4a86d3cc6c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2dc4e4260104ce19bb075d3a3150cce">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r336165f3e65b403da6b0f4f5acdfd520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3bd936c6ad64449a98a60e5597f5adb8">PLI</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ee7a7797bed4ab085872b0d934ca04f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a97dae4e8356848fbb259b1d5c59c5004">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a043bf7a5fd1342b5b6193a96ecd2063e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row144007455211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p36901883817">POLICY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1869011893811">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p56907820387">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1269017816381">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4003ec98e56f4ec2afd3e1acb50cc377"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa86aa74af60b45a0825a38e71494d427">POOL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1478fb7e1f74031b9676504fdd6014a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf90990f16914194b2d570a7b04793ad">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02644b62069642a78ef4c6640ec7fe96">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3d124d07852c40bd8ade02400ac656fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1daa293f3ea24f5a9ca48048047b6967">POSITION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27fa6f6e1b09416db6d211b16d4fd98f">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a94375c51480040f7b2cbc18bb39c0815">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7193af24594457a9b1facd3b808b277">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re76affe70d2a424895ebcd88f0da5eb5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72437f4b213c4ec79b416579843b3d1b">POSTFIX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a808de5d128a340da86dbe01c8a85def2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8bebfdad775442d5bd440ac8dc0475c9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a689209e8dd8d4884838039228c5a3622">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2a2e6999b592453eafb0777c2e5eefc2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1dd55c72451e41b485c8ea9d08fde80d">PRECEDING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38aa5eef6fe546b1922421468a664f90">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a103e0c1226a149e8a8968880ddeee913">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f25411696c7440ea81324ba6c07dcf8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r76f25a96310a4fdab4e3be2897d19509"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac22f6b1ee11e47079cc4dadf5751f4c0">PRECISION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fc8b50357fd418fb2f3637918b4c044">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7d3f640d6db94be1a8406041e9a26936">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90bf7fabf66d4d769736653d29a86840">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r23a8f99217dc42638ccb43b27142da4c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab06f7648b12d4f3fac3ccc72ec2328c7">PREFERRED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a54c38bc2bee24ce8844eb9c756255c62">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b3e7f9bf65249518f21e95d75c753d8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8bb7f7039ac34bbc9103f37dba0e0fa7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6eef47bcd22d4403b7ea54b76f3462ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad78cffd8bf7f4c6ba4530d14cd221077">PREFIX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f06f7b55cad4f9ba378028773c58587">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f53ea111f9540929124525d26e5274d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1b9de6062ff34c5192f7d286d6bc79b8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r85ae64b22f9e4375b853bf37c65138ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7f02dbf913014b76b810a725149d7b57">PREORDER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05c3f632557046d981b83742e92c4c48">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52b841e9d70145c88113e4ee61150997">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab8690f89a737441c824bb2bae0f28a96">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6921137873084d1eb2600abe6363091f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a34207875eca04fa2a577e391fd1c96e3">PREPARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0a0fbd75e0184fbb804118f6814dc32e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a336e4728e799451d8f5f53e25624a16c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae329fcfd7834f10bd90aa5b2a17bfc4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ca821dbd9f34347a038e48c49e1cd76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aecfcf1ea116947a68cf408ccffb7c538">PREPARED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac291f9351a0849639d6b4de48936c027">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62313b82502f42618e0150d36cac9113">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef45c7e06709422c954dd13412581826">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r94d740d67b274d4b86a157826f6e575d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a47afa6c4d2804b879d164146ec43759f">PRESERVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a760254d58eb14010807001d09cd724ac">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac030970153b047b7b4aa8ffda2f00bbe">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aea18aac3dc4447988d891531f221d8fd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5cd25723ff4f4a7caac38f314919cfeb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4021d216a4284d09a3374c76193c692b">PRIMARY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ad651ee5bad469c93fa04c147206d47">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa504b028f2564e00824c7e5e49e21b5c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35b1ffb479084d698d760db45b450374">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdc9a6a82da88408d9d30ecce2ab9dc1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb8fa55ce25941249d648a408f437c34">PRIOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7c6318d414254381ab26fff98520667d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab006fd4165f04a7fbd3c583765536bad">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1ffb873cad85434c9ecc705d322ec070">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row6913191518225"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p14167152514396">PRIVATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1316722515392">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p6168025173914">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p11681325193914">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra709740316f047209e133a32b24cdd3e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a466fb2c42c934f238e053136833b4e58">PRIVILEGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a833906711a1948948150e8b632182eea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8157237f1f214193a82df2c49ba544b0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a85173096e69c4ce5a99905a26b482aec">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re264679bf3c24d28ac984daf9c5dd285"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a632ea009341a411ab449e9b78e9c0f70">PRIVILEGES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6ee52f009354464a47aef019d44ea79">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3c4239ad57040cc9eb7046110b4ce90">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a99a5846f92e14ac78eac1c5c5a24588e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a63086371724d4cdeb1dca578076288ff">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada0c2792a3c24711a2b479e6383a9814">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a70afefddc8c24869a981ce55ddbacc11">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r66a45ea8cc864289a24fc181aa3dd57e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab7db86a20d1e49c29304044845f2fa12">PROCEDURE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa0be54ca48e4488844ee94a79909e84">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16d0758ca80442d783b8d1e1ee4f0d1f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a21a8403dad894c2db26254b2bad9e112">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc288da983e6442f7a542503c96712774"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e3248d3858d43868ba39ab83c826bf2">PROFILE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2e1a32b133d4403083f1db643238ad29">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d0d4139bd0441a1a477eeb329903435">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab7b76893d2b34334a62f288272be675a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc8f1c13f9718464997d11561fabace87"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10e19628804f4e8bb6388dda5f6380b1">PUBLIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6875149020984105ab0249f111427e08">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0379c94d1b72484b9ec267dd3e00f1c7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a968024fceba64f3984dcd8458c82fe0d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6d0f8c8fcb8d4ee996b98cff9b55986f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a430eda2395934a90845e3386c12fc5ed">QUERY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5bbc2fc138e7439785cd36d04d1d428d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae76f9e8481834f9abf9c0f7340544586">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a645c6303679e4b31a9f1a19184a987d5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re04bda73d85941a6925b5c2f2f126b73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb69a457f6404c0fa27edaa0a08249e1">QUOTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a60050c002fb24e22811d2a05fbd0c729">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86a0b2ec75c2428398a0c4925c1a9828">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2188f3b5adda48f39ca9b279881a7c1d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r66b228e2f583494d9e7bb3f3a1b247a8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf0aea4da2064dfead4d0c1af0386dcf">RANGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae4c8fcb5bf5746f88e446b05b889cc92">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19a82817bc1c4e97b0ba79bc000f4051">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af50ddb59e2564134aefbfd9a7eac3079">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba8a8a67eb1643e282117e502275f535"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3eb7eee62d154ecaa73bf81107db37b8">RAW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a471ed9b2369d4b848d0d2a95a28dfee1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1f0bc6ed2124e0b896c877eda745d33">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a364c6c8ce87e463f87618dc5fcaa6311">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5a8468818bf44e0fac172c27bc7cf0c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb6cef73028745ef9a0461ed66f39676">READ</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2800e6ea2aec40e0952af440ea77fa78">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c13aa7e19c54b5e91fb081adfe055f6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad1257988952b44718d8e8cc787f39e7d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r117550ec45f1416c8535619f3930f3e7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c1f6695b7c7479184e54f1f15f29cd3">READS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a824bf4646e2e453fabbab8c2e659091d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac65a107ccf3e402f8a5a716268d033a1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24a79c9e54524f468a6a808d7b8b0867">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3f13ad24b33541b2a8a0ae8604fec93d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adf75e766fc954be6b0316c6d57d4ee39">REAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9402bf9bae4440de9d2f49b4d3d2a3ab">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae295612390ff4ac197230537f80c8404">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5fb1ee6b84c14f2496b77706ffd0ffe4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9204d827841e4e239a190a1b40881901"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb992cd366914028a5ad1cae18f08ce1">REASSIGN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9084c0624f0242afbbaf108262662ac2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6efebb7dcad248cbbb69fa3f65ba6ac5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1ada459a2d544a3689848635321479ba">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6c13499865084c7bbc6d2b7c91e605cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7338f790340e4d6a9c35692284378b70">REBUILD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3aad607680d549ca88c06f72fcd8558b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35db7423efa742e495fe46fe19ab6d10">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9254f0c33ff94c34bf652ad91fd9268a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9d8bbb930d6e4a61a55ca133b264a8ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0cc88a4c49294e8aadbd39328395dae6">RECHECK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa4033eee2cdd4ef799a92181c31f5923">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d8cfd4a62cd43a1895e7a1c804ffb9d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af60f6b952b7e46a185174002740d2c9c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re846807a87b54125af204bd9c077c6b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e9da00c5afa4e8a8786f9cbec8e2838">RECURSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a928abe5094e44d6eb5cde2a8089c548a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4f514847d3b494b8f13efbb50812c6c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a763f32f3c7704c75b6a5f3cabe1817b2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r153af4ddb41e46f9b564894d066bb598"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6032ce2f59204b2db550c315e057cf15">REF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1cb6a64f53604b4d9fbb10c38891047b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad480d8acc64443c3876beb0723f25fb3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adcd344e6ba32440c9e03f977d441d484">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row962321002317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p15625171062319">REFRESH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p6346444172319">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16626131012313">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16626310172310">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2b30ac8aa21d479d94b2e786a3fc7338"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab604e45e88f14ea699e7323935d15336">REFERENCES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3cb5397cf7a1408f8a1f1e60e2f1c7c5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8e54c75668f34918a685385c6eee3015">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad6403dd3156c4309ae18f424a8fb4f9d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra2a326a163f449a697e0118b6a406796"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3405d6ca1a764086b46de13503f295f0">REFERENCING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a303a686fbbe74551a77c97fbc4d1ded6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a46bb3f37e34645fe9abcdedd12d2e0b0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9c582c45f0d47fea61ab847e147fc2d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbc8b79604643404480bbb7f515c9f007"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae14a5ae7ce2441e3889b45340b32f534">REINDEX</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a57e875a10dbe427e9ec6a3355c6f0f56">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac78f91d5826f4929a7a7acb887095554">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a74bab214761249618dbc95cb2c8e6a3b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8f21bb55aff740c98d57926f87bcb4c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa4801e1e03814d36a0ee3496cf48c474">REJECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5a172976cd8409ead85dfbfa9189c4d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad67becefe409435aa9e92134d6cc5793">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf673405079e455a8d560e8f541d2741">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf53e0cf610d04990a59ccaa99d8c2995"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5ec415a8dce4cae81d9b7845a2faabb">RELATIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ade360fbe487c4ff191dfa00370f1d830">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a139f1be17ec948159f8c3b2c34def022">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a18a4a9ac9ba64ccab00c19244c5a5aa1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r874981d87f81484184f8ad1d4eec41d9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abbcdb33480a6488da54f79ff137d4bbd">RELEASE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c9e2a1ca36b4362899fb0175f1ba528">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a772c548302ce42c8bb43abaf5b1a9f17">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec95c1d6daad45cfbf0c20c5e9b2b2ed">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf4b4dabcade24c91ab8046726def7a2d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0e51fad8a2b54f7d89e637963b2163d1">RELOPTIONS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a04a46e9583694b48b882e81d66d84216">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a193c0d37c9af42c0940ae6e12457bef8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a061c81f0f38e459ea96c3675b6f4531c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r922a1c6551bd4c13abfac7842da6c94e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac935d855b4704714ad332dcb2027f65d">REMOTE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d3d1df489ae4bc0b8b0e759f9473863">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec33e37308704eb1a0ac862a0090c548">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af690c4aa15a54daeb22515a0f191d5b7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r871cb66414b9468881091e893c398dde"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8958657a2edb405bb1f7b6121d5b9804">RENAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab6d599d3e11e40a7b5e568f696e71d37">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ba957da7dda4f7995de1c09662c1815">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae95118d893ea4322ae14737cb1156cf9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0d2f96f8efa641b485078965f8bbff73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed973db9c39c45efb319e6e9cbdcf6ce">REPEATABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a008fde09fde54f63be4710087c9d0146">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8b74e620e624698a758780322ffa8b6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a12a3d23fdfc74960b2bf8e3bd7c9cada">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5049ec4a7b224986be6be33b79575607"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad7be2ae42e7a429ab6ae154d3601c109">REPLACE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa8336f9188f241098f811b7279cc8182">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a037d380aaf1c486091424d12fc69b1ea">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86ae2e0f67234402866f1b3e4a6bbba7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r01952dfee40145e385635900149b44e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac1a086f6d94f49dba5d0ade6a242a9d3">REPLICA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ef25981943c47c9aabf1f396d55f4e7">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d517bfb49d1408ead6dee26e1a8663e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0783f9d137cb412bb963161310af61c5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb52ed14def1d469681d924686c16789d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ea5c7007714416db25cd4749fbf239d">RESET</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a69a1665db3704d2eb47d661a27da6e62">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1086fd69b24349efafeb05d3046b2d6f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad1b82ef19c84aa3a40f1ef91f1cce0f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r01d5dea940914c2cbd66e98768a69f81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab0ea607153c44600a9064637e58ec9bf">RESIZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae43917c582f40449a101d117ee21dfa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8185c37552f84e849bea9ca5cbb30720">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aecd609951d4749129112d028052473c3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__reafd9b9c691a421381c56916c9867811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42cbb4e1615747259716bcaf3c5df4fe">RESOURCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ae613e01559449990aeedd468eeb4e6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3e802ba8ad340deaa4c8837b7cd87b6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac2aebe7d21b8451c905ac832f9d3ba63">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7cfa9b9db8a446a7b51f4e393e595ae1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae4a51e830fcf475dbf42ac41de4bbbdf">RESTART</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a680b925862c24ca5ae2fd9c2ec0d2b1e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8cce943a75c646278d83410f01a383e2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af9ad7fac5d694e27b41012ca47901a9b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r732794a30c8b4a18b325c0e879e69a37"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af47558cd62ec46f49bc5319809482711">RESTRICT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa0c16482d6a44f3691c68dfad3e4edff">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd8c7cafd4cc48cd8c0ecf95244d2a76">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad941250a41ed40c58962fb15824b988f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf57596492c7149e4a2978e1c5ec2165c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af88d0b3af79249d28d136dba4c2d8c30">RESULT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48e2ee6a1afe465e9a9c5229ce17a298">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88d0e8eb009549b9add582ea1a590211">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9092d3cce34f41b6a03416022ce9a129">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r989e10ee0f234ceeb69793971acd2929"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7f5373945f714ee9848981bbe2155a1b">RETURN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8dd224ca922c43f585adbd08a3018b93">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0362585815b0494ea9e3fd1169d018bf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad399fa71acd14f56a7068c5720626694">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0a65e54eda1c4816adf9e90b85f01bb2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a455052aa43e040e1ac881d6dfe225a17">RETURNED_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00eb0788adca4bd8b3c8515d5ce71179">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78e8b1a369f0489da0df75e62966f94a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2eb1173bd6ef4083a533edf7d0179ae2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r440baa0f82904fd4b661a9c555488ed7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b2ce9b471904fee826797fdd648fd05">RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a253337a8cafc4bb4ab0ebbb6ef90a016">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a59bf238789bf48389b819b17afa3319b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a96fdea82d43141d7bc84b16bfefe2788">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb7e664080a834504b86194b9f4500771"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f7d7271b773496c88b65228ff2b1a55">RETURNED_SQLSTATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab2a4fc204dd8466f89c2e3d03b910bd2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7de6d19bdf22472a886ca997e8ebbcca">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f6f570c0bea4161ab2aac36566f9af5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r51fdb6e48d5140a5906d9b153a8ca9d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab8f67e3bd3a74a3c89f92c2a9f9276ba">RETURNING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6867cfe2ddcc40d7b763606efe8064bf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acbc0d4936ee54fa4afc0f8107106c029">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10fb63c6aa554d59b261c52fadb2b4fe">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r08e55cf910424679a31d918aa46c366a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a885b21d4e1d541d69c4e9286ee64ba9f">RETURNS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aadad51ea1615477a9e1be051e0d28ecb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b2caf2bc5c84d55bb49c0f98d44e0ee">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5325185b02004946b872783c92f05103">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9fc29ae92e994d178ef72087c673147b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac3ce8d8120f147f49f44d6a51c4eb0f8">REUSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8a149bc09094a2dbe4625da0a6c344a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9df08214f2e14e0e89c1b48baefb21cb">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7d9dfef2e1045c2850494dff9fdef15">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r143dc546ad214a85a63ada24180af563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08c13842c9734c5898f76085918710e4">REVOKE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaf681c0da20141b68f537946112a9efa">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48b5870fc6164dfcbc426419de2b39f8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6ac83dc9593494ca0cb751e8eddabea">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7e609edd480f4341b53505665831b3b7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a81f5071b07c945c1bc0dffb212636d57">RIGHT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a651fc4291fab414fb8762b5917dfdb3a">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0597da562eb1467b8de19f07149bf47e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a83a266d22ebe4a03a1690ee0e30dd301">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rba6545c6cdc4498fafb6d9cb6dfeb074"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafa66021059e4f9b809acbf87fe854e9">ROLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9cf65a771424e6fbde7d98c8ff611fc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a98a85c570cd644688706d7361ca6f28e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefad8fd6061d4e7d8878892c39a0a273">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd91d4c043d614424a15465558ee1ace8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3caa295dbfd84726950e9e97697830d8">ROLLBACK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ed7d437c7574de69332009fb17802ab">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adb52523a24814ba9ab4f07398069d8a3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad3661c66f684605968567a0e0c7fabd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfffb9a43025b4dcb8f08cb40763bbd7d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9b88507c3cbf435f84f159d46c44742e">ROLLUP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58b25064a0f049ccbb4af4e5242ef4b0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80a3101dcb7441dea4235c2f3c269e54">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7e2a3494c22842d99c37af25617d5266">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r415bdab8d6ff4e30ab309c334313b34f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8738eea5a67140a1bedc455df069db45">ROUTINE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab6034e0c7c7e4e29a8399590b342b155">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ce47dcdb5224fbcae772d029cfe86a6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ba2aeb5b74440898dbe09e66edab11d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8e43624b3deb49e5ad7469ff779505d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b6953ba31c54833bc67852cf04b8c47">ROUTINE_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafb1a49646e84dbc87a6296435a0ae8e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa963ad24ea144563b56691f2d749fba9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7716af07382144b8af42ba4cd063cf6a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r39f6adbe80104567a181a5c6de1ee35f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2038f670665741dc8749536248280cd0">ROUTINE_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab67993ffcc6b40959fbb9eb75418947a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3619fd1c24f64cab9b59495a9204e0fe">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a79fdbfb5b67b4d868b65ae6d19978fc5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd47b052a2499401da54dcf304195536b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8efffb379e614283969950b585035233">ROUTINE_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a519b09de73a741e7b64d9d6f97bd17e0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11f5042b0b974a1cb15630d055f567cb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac41469980759414687fc33ec7c025e1d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4cf4f39a96274c0683a6ff1662a00900"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae37a3d240cd14fdf8b5c7a0d27bbb26e">ROW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a019d344e2a404f941c82dc76c7145e">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19e5bcb159ea45d0aa9283279ec707e5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3a6baae58fa246ae83bed5abf3da3ce4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__reacf956239534ec29e9f0add09affcab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a828f140602ca459dbbcd419f5a057f96">ROWS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a483f3db74d57436d9b9d95e11ba42301">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a324ad7f26b134356a972aab15b318fc0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebb8a6e845b1435a9965aa0b341345cf">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8312e1c9531942688e0168f3c07298da"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d5a44a1799847c29ce456497bc43223">ROW_COUNT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a15131bd8612749a594dd2adc7d3cbe11">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a61631874347c46a489726661ed13ca15">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b5dd567fd7a4be4a4893e78188f3bd0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8a5a24a9482e44478fc7aa2b5cc349c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a83f445135ef8494b8fbffc7f41383fac">RULE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a003feee0273c4b25b38025402841f157">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af9f08bba07c74442969422b84c3c7d05">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a958e8a7ff26748419af004d86eee8ce9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r060a0dfa6b294fd0a476ea706deb79a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0230a2c2f2184ee29bc698dddbc3e0fb">SAVEPOINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a196a835b36b24890b0230581017b3717">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35b21c09443a4dd68dc17191aebeddb3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a04f50acb4f594d7b8230f27fd3d53365">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcd2fc5cb71ef403fb4fcceab714df741"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae136535797b7472cbc31a1b044dc27bc">SCALE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87fd031eb2314474893d93f0a7674724">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07b85db507b742989045bfe99cc6c700">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b79195eb9ed443cb91419f2d146b77b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdca97f5f696943fe88681b503a11883e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa188065994304819bb5b5a91db6a020b">SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac8f57945bfd54370a74a5fe7f65aa77e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78cfa51c517649faa9a8dac1290bedeb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae5c098dd20204ee6bc067655637bb212">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r848096e36ad94a8cb3d8250eb849b40d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e1da88a2ec449e692402cf61cbde3ac">SCHEMA_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a002ee631247e4f68830ca1f5d94c8365">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa1f679d59b5b47d19d5493b5fe0cbda3">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a819ce514a74843e5a2cb52d1f1e52cca">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc80e03a1a11e4b498fd95668dab0a285"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9acd829dbbc3424da4bd8efb713de39a">SCOPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f84bcf0ec5d44cf9f3001222e3623ed">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e785cd275d7476eb3329a4fbb0c99de">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a721e187f2d4e46b89430ee460851679b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8601fd394c3b4f38bfbcaaa062efedf7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adab2981a63784a6ba0899f82d6c38d47">SCROLL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a613f6241ee2248a1b64b7f37a8f71e68">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a56b743835b6d41e681110f57964638ae">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53c7a906c6434fe48d68b71c71442e98">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re3b75558c4c0463998df47213ac9abc3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac6615dbfdcf84cd7b1049a266f31430f">SEARCH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1069cab4dd7e426c9215fc0aec34d25e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab567317cdaef48999cc5271aae677597">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad970c916fef24e6396470efc44429f3a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r532d13f3c6bf4f828048e14acc661f9a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d74b5f46bd64ec7b4a4afdf5400d6a8">SECOND</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9520a678b9964ea19f58f1359a09527e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad69bb413dc746478a7d0d745b42eb16">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2aefc6f7ff844c6090ddce868cddc4d7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r77d1d7d9048441c081cde43eda31add8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6df5477c701544a0b4275e1a18e94869">SECTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8140bc30ac984f07bd19b4ea9b81ce42">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7c5785696d45490696723f871b43c172">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a68696cacd4c044c9a17c6cf38a4caac0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r192727663eca4ca8b921e36b3ddaebd5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae663e81ed93e43eaaf7e8eaf3eaa2184">SECURITY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44a4948ceaae445f9816334c1efd368f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0580aa254ede48558b6541eb70dec0df">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4a51e09006804dfbb4aa24f289420a0b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9ab2607853854680b75cba7b1e991777"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9dd0f3c592c348d98d51fed9d679ec82">SELECT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62ca27d821974282a787d573a02fb6a8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afb8b3f0ceae94c8c88a247807e6fad3c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad576031f63545a2ab97117095a2dfb6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb7064f0b921748b0a4e4eff341ec2c6d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53abedb6925d465385686b3c5669b2a5">SELF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a07994bb5ca314cb9bb96273cb18aa405">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52711669e23f47e28941163bf3aef799">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac0f718b6e4a4f6890c0bc6386474eef">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb1c5def11720418fb689aa5afef00809"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a578fed4862c842908b081d778ee03db6">SENSITIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2c4ae110d084b7fb60635079eb4e43c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24305f9992ff4f0fbe34ea17be225dfc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb8aa2eede8e4600ad3a50bc5ad3afc9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5edf0c604b90458093ad39af62983c98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08bbbd2fb4ba4a60a32243ea20391da0">SEQUENCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeaf7004d4013492db13bc3946d46a90d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad6402c3376474e79800fd944031424ea">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcf03337b187453da557f76333d616cd">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r150e3d2c82844e9c8d5e2a907b9911d3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a996e5e9404fe4112936ab6127d9417c2">SEQUENCES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb97aa4275954d82b7e5f8a538d10e2d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aff33308decd645a89fa021b46d431af6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a510815d4872843bc995f2ab00d9bcef6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd875d1e2c7df44f19cb0fef3068f94bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87171f58b945416686df093db7212cec">SERIALIZABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab731b251e14b42c89f69d2e5c497d3a9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac1aaa81f164d4378bae119c06d5a90ea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af96d8c76ca8f4d89b8fdbb7b54655a44">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra02d2e1f5f584513a34d32b712629a2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87b1a457da40430ca56a60a0729e5bcb">SERVER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa77d80032a104266aa597af89edc0ccc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae7ee17c673cf4ef1aa96fd7302925c00">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4386ef3320fd4d228f1d951857e68f6e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r483549d063214fdcb8c838b15a948fc2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5cf69eba2dd4cb596cdbe87f93cae46">SERVER_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0cfff01fc6d41d2ae925ddcfbaafc21">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a26ef460ed1cf478cbfddd6195d44ad1e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae6de486bb7ab4aad9dfe0436e5c8f3f9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb72b67b1bd3242f3b7f270c1adf00726"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abab7c9289dc443719c295a67b00ae242">SESSION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a648bec1137be438cb5c3da73b340a64b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1776ca6b204f453684b42912dc37f690">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b7d51f0bec14c8e9eef6207ac7c6183">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3e84880e609f4d43876a40085de73477"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3460ab81809349e7aaae420c3f40b6da">SESSION_USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c689482cf6b4d5b9d72a0671b7e7c19">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5cd8308eedbd4edcb9d0783e819a7036">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac41409056e0647dab339858adc3a8c28">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfbede5bac0af41df87596b695b1b67af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af6b36037f9fc482c90fb18884bb9962f">SET</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae61aca27c4d84e3a8fe8621a8063725a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22a091555b884ef98228a39f0776481b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c7e0bee6a0244d499332288eb2266f7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2e07be26e9ef435081bc942eb1cdb809"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2d42103365424b64a2e0f8592adba8b1">SETOF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6c160bad7d34456e94ba40d552b62f74">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae61fe70f7cfc43adbbcad0786ccf2ab4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa27ee01b768c49b59b745cfdf4af6023">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r404016a4da6846ef92ffbcd17ecfdd8c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a602529d7a0804e8aa0a16e9f66fb8e7c">SETS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a596f777e30e04d2f85f7eecf2be8873b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acfe47abef7d4473f82f7e221f15835e9">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c628a9bc2284a8a8fc92a97b8a25d3b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r07732737f32a409d87b4288be6da2ad0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7a0af962b9ba439c830750c4e399ef15">SHARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa871dce7cc9d442ebd925e53285494cb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab51d9335f6294e568b45134c3d016121">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee816ca6fe2a4daab35ac39a9cc5cca5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row131074612233"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p11247615406">SHIPPABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1624126114020">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p162416610407">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p182412613408">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rec09c59d81914131932d0eb13dbb2ee1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aeae24e85d73e417683fb477d31cfd156">SHOW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0706062a72e94f78bd71add84cb99481">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4bc7347141df4d6abc6ae642f251ec91">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ffffb252e5d4694a6c995615a8d8f43">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r37e31ed6d22947d18be3b614bc5c1642"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1f34ca94bfa4afdb883fc65c0c7f5af">SIMILAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aefb8f328983040cc8ea4641cdf49f311">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0af78ed7ce341c9ade2a0f0d3cb727f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5f394774b99b42d5bd9eb3753688c3dc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__reea39354716e46579a660c5b14973297"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b79658a87ac41d6ac6def7c32767c79">SIMPLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcc0950588f94227974808e0d454a946">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19fa8fdf073b4fdfa080490c9b5824bc">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a53150a1854c84306ba34f8803830e1d2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6cae10970a404bddb8323eeaaa011ebf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a046acf0bc3664633bb23b41f960978b0">SIZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab15260f9571a488d9280d03157b95554">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aed189773112e48d388eb790752658d18">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a697799509cb041f69caf5f15a1b6544a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc2f3b4bd0b474b4293eac577d69fa90d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b7d129b75c44e99bb3e3b116b67c5b6">SMALLDATETIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ab09eb61a5840fa88fa70db29e1be05">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad624f5fca06344b6b90857a157df4d1a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a34fa5dff4cb14147a3081138a22dab79">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row886841172418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p105081614111">SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p15083616417">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p45085644120">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1350818614413">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3b77943b4b114dd680741707a5a3094f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa52f2835dc6b4cbabf9d33941668f21e">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5638d98878684ad09abba63e2ed6d0c0">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac257405a9e5f43a09d555fc513a88678">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19bbdb5f7614474fa25a77021d464ca5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5dea7e9c64174a63a805ee148e91fe8a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7470cafc10364521be4d16f7ada6bc5f">SNAPSHOT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aac209857196249b39f337c97aa495595">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9a5955603934de580645f2857746575">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f2a5747c2dd47289149c2f45dacfd90">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7a7dfdb6fadb48c9a249ecdb571a4f44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a39d12a5bc6ec48eaa5eb11085166e718">SOME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b1a9064e8254cb0bb238b56fb3352fd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5abbca58fbad46d79d6171f87902b8b4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a94c310a502dc495397c4c64e8f8ca87a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r62dd2aa0440647788cd149eda6514d5d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4952598ae5814873ad8c5cbfd03a1d42">SOURCE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afab0e7ba94af4114b0e32873496bfdda">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4716634f2ffe492ea3ad98997e42feea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a543f21c9073448548b1966ff38c313a0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8088aa0bf55f454ab14d7c2d2a8ebe34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4b30c89435014b68bd6bc6d6e652e88d">SPACE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44c1c40bf86e487da59b687389ef58c2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a896b3437083b44eab019d8b119816d51">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec1df7dcc7a14e26b48aebd521388cc4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8b806df0b6984c1e85f03f90a8f32de5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38d9189910c74ffb991ecdb61eb57725">SPECIFIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2f0e76e030bc4bf799fb1f426a10b429">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a373df9b70a884c6d8844ae3b5ed4bc01">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44dd140b73ed4681ae50d374539fb74c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcfe58add36bd43ba99ba18f8ab2f2ffa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2190268194e4fbca155b29de096c9e0">SPECIFICTYPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a79a485137f5f4f59802349b5c68f5bff">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10737ae4d7674202814c55539ad549de">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acff33b576c2048f2a56b2a5c13910d15">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r16cf3484e492464991277a7d02374c97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a51e8fa6b906a48c3868b124ee2a55df1">SPECIFIC_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9bc6ae0fc08442c8a7b0cb3f6e0be30f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a884cfece09214419ad21e20a2a817751">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1df109f90bf846e9b8ce56414712aa36">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row2969713192518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p6217163714412">SPILL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p9217837204117">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p9217133717412">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1221720376414">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4ffaf3b42732446189e5d2e631783eee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe341991713547329c31f93c4e381cdb">SPLIT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad6735592dcda4bd1b7a6b3828878b023">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec807f155c3d4eba8663701836e1c76e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a39b594ffdf084a65b6d8b42afc344be1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfc728c5647c24385ae305e057c5b7519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a06603341cbb649dcb1b232807925b747">SQL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a589e448d28ca4256b1c0c965ab5059fd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a76e5aa0433b840088ef3c6b087a163ec">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02165df76a94445cb6ed85d14a7078bd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4e2172b7f3a141ac87a1a00dab332cda"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae6b6e9950140462bb6f3bc3a759c19ca">SQLCODE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a406bd8d875be4ea89288597af0ef1585">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a215b29166b904b6ca598ad93fa4a1ef4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48a8e25b43604f1daa1be5ce7f4fd46c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r522d44daf7b744248a23feccc9535149"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe5e8e125e0a4872ba67c70fac63de4b">SQLERROR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4262a389617f49d19a1c9543d2eac36d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87eb3758119a4c9aaac0957b122c4f4a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a23d1a38bc03249f38a59e834a74bd84b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r87f8cdbf367b4becb330637c16547082"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7cf55e647ce44c95bae7e9a8fe779437">SQLEXCEPTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1228f218c9ef47ebb3058aedec03e541">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__affc8babbc0c24e89a17e6f574638f764">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__accb73d0fd67b4012941b816311d45912">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3331955b440447b4b31c51be7743b82c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8172c0ce1f7441eda0b9dde34fba3b91">SQLSTATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a44681f7067994483b9895a08c553e4bf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b173e9c37aa43c0b2000014251285ef">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a827d200f254040c692f861e584546265">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r811ca808645144c69042d567bb207bec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ace1b49551d0d4392ad0a8919658c30d1">SQLWARNING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9052d203fc75425cb1a280aab5dba6ed">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a167eb3b018c741ac8601f82e957a8eeb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b1e73c135bb4678847a1053270681f7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1e3fef28d9a34aee99929c27c0bffb52"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a967853d3c7e3424899ab3783304a1ac6">STABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad771f39d3cdb42d48ef0b1e26c23d18f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7838ee450b1a4502bdf9710e7a2dcac6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42ddf16591ff4168aad8694802b25287">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6501655219454d288e4da5cb86af8641"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a410f363596431ca2e0c0bad1dae623">STANDALONE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a738637c7a1924ce894e29613acecbbed">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24cfdf14f37e48a79fe11c4b8c8d37d4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad00ba634c2084ad3b9b50ed0483a1ec5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r945d37e0f007483c9d4470e220cd9bd4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d4698d6b8b44e998be5e36a7dc0503a">START</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae8047de8ee0e46f3a198410542f2cf05">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad2f9a519749e4f7f945d290b73a1a443">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abdc09f1db4b64911a101fa1bb6d74aef">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r163b3f3b0f8445b7aae1fb38a5f447b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa97587e5c6ee4439a62e471f80eec5ad">STATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a144cad9dab5c4bf2a8173fd5c4f12273">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a55a0ed244e534f6eb1c23e1f76ad642e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acaad381465d94a46a8eb57220fe42e96">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r756b0bdd77584127a79bf83adddc8734"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a97ce6431bc4631b61e921e7f7b7c0f">STATEMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a17374f8608fd459ba0b7708e7b2764eb">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcebbf6456d549b58d7e905feed73049">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a285ea82b9d83455eb9d500d2a82bd140">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row1819354618257"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p202531724204216">STATEMENT_ID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1125362414214">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p52536242421">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p42539247421">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc9f54114c64248b1a42cfe0fdae83b79"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad46505457f6a4690a2c6006c60fa2c87">STATIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd3777975a2043d5a601c525c01216b0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa774b55e282a4f5bb2c465b2d2471367">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a082b3ad267df4af09c0490536ad568fb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3a455bc1aac0457f99c888641cff7029"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab2a590a985704b88ab6247677699957c">STATISTICS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1c6dfaff06c4d6fa2e40095984f0280">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b686724552c497a83907b85ae235677">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac21c4afe5118435fba7a4c17b94bf477">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb04ab130238247e7a8a46de4abdabf40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5927ddc9234b4878a89fb0e44c6805f4">STDIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe56673540a147469fd1931e7bbf4620">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a33a5b581fa3a4cd3b9d44a7172e88d77">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcb65b1f404a40f59988ad826677ead8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra0230cce252a42278cb045a6f4ebd8ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f5bce16f18a4c20981668bea3fa2ed7">STDOUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42a3a3302edf4579b165463ad90e6a51">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af633d8e2c2a64051a4895a2b1b7ba11e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58a6cd81f7dd4ce9ab29000348c31c93">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3a2b3f6a2b2f4352aeaf66ad41abaef1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a35d1bbaf00264596bf94b5dd56bd67f6">STORAGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a62453b6b10d648568fcc58f8032f94f1">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1317df00124b4b6a854dbb1e55995a10">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0588042469240f6bf5bfeea267a211f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3ef5baa3be8546738afdabdaeebf1668"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9dc278b0dbae40519b79207d79d7696a">STORE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a85ae32cee88d48978770340725edde17">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ca5d4cbf1b849a3a9987ae0df86eeed">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcfba08ad05345ff9ebaa872082b80d8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r38a491a8e10c45dd864dd26544f7f5c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78dde01dcda64dcbbf0598744354e469">STRICT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf084042dc324aa0a5b37a63d37c6681">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3742f444e0ef4093ab53d940fb2ec86a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6472e77a100a4ddfa7ad0f898b767cf8">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf4d37cbb1ce24d31bb950053664a7d76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a38840f4d12ce4f8984463e0590f66be6">STRIP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe6dceac05cf43d8983640066959b020">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7c87e4743f714388b9c497a0a0101da1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8dd88d89d57444188f458f27c8c745b3">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r46975f8c565b4f8a9223dd48b326d27d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb116b363f5641f4abafc7214b30ce09">STRUCTURE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acdc412c94d674ac293fbf30a1eab4e17">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4dbd98ccaede45b6b010946160c8c3d4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2598a7227fd842f9a794c73ae227d7ad">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1a12417398944d3599fd56cdd64cee3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af22997bc99d74f3ba602c84bbf26bab5">STYLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6c01f2df746f440ba10e6e57b9ca9540">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a93fccaa00942490180bb8e6dc225e42b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aab125bae96f94d9cad7b08cd06cc7a78">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8d548e52542f406eb851b5d0eb83a724"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab9629ea5aa0a429ebc4387fc5c59e702">SUBCLASS_ORIGIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a996a548dcadf4ac49e260238d0ce5929">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7d7f2b3741e84707a22ddafc6ac244ea">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad776c052fd074cab815e0d25e19a0d6a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc356ead2e3de4c90a1a6e6c1a6ac4ea4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__add41699bbd2245faba335591c53a43b8">SUBLIST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acadb6e56712d497383040dd7e68be8dd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6f3f707ea2ca4674a6f8dc73032629a4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5836e226b8bd42c69ef0a1cadd5e3160">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb7563899deb2480cb3e361aa54b53164"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0c71c1823c5840009f332b04384aa963">SUBSTRING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aabbc95e585914eeda12135d8a73015da">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58c388ff8df3451abe6aedd48e0dbf7c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b819a71a7af47948ff7a12217046804">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3d6159a81f0f497db8764140952011b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e1d78f72f964ca0882f2264b6a38590">SUM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a683d6c19deaf4bd3aae957706b99fc6d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acbc99a7679d24f869f6ac09c03d32902">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad472c7ee387b4b79a0e40c3fe87a11c0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc5a91e86bc55429aa926bdf2bc797f40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a30f24e42f61e422180c63efaaf7dcf79">SUPERUSER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a72ea4c89c5b64050a50feb3e492be23b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0abfa713563c4ea5ae07b7a2099e078d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8e88d02106a246a582eb4c7476eae4e6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r9cd30fef32ca4228aab439a6be00a049"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02ceb6a5a91643a0acaf90cf556b77d4">SYMMETRIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a68b8feb254fe4667a5f3b9c1186b0a33">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a771920191a1e4f7085da0ef2d820133d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac26f859486634b90bb9d2129056825ae">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row161434199565"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1144319205613">SYNONYM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p214415195567">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p91441319155616">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p191441019155616">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r510bac0a8bea4462bb0d1262d40312d4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adbda879072ac4d9bae760ab2feee21f3">SYS_REFCURSOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2d23b493e1ee49b2915b62996f9079e4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afc05f1a617fe46c288f9d22737efea98">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8a77e109baeb4e65855c22e048fc4d5c">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1d38dff7eb8047d69369694e0796c011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8fc78a5830014eddbc9cf8889dc375e8">SYSDATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a43547c5a7dbe4871a6649ae84c628cb2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4fd4057ba9f8475ca2e294a0e4446503">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abe2794e0f99841dbb81299b5c8e4580d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b23a5c2481b46409cbd08e4359e0b99">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a000aa15bf0744df0a20bfa99eefcfa7f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a71d873b9502e431b9770b57adfcdb4d1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab938f7aa5fb24b4c876eaaa66a998dc6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3ce37d346edb4508bb92abc78fcd5462">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adde3f6177a444892a6f7fa8342d60eba">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r93f30752387a442bbd26b87b478405d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02e22a1dee3a4ea9a65325e2db38db4e">SYSTEM_USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abf86e73e23f84c04bdfe1c8951491266">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad8ed35488fee45cb945539f21183d3f8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1aac82b8f792483a83001e990c65865c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb63001a5d7b5407c813c484e86bd9635"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a82502e1e466d43588f4b6086671a43e2">TABLE</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ade732dcd612e4c4baa2958f43345d826">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a02d91bb96eb84a2b85b21ec187eec272">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r894ae5a725c74c6ab8100be8d429b067"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4c5fe5b9a7fa4daeb9b290957e80bb24">TABLES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0ac95bb01f848d1a24df7cfee8721d5">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7e191f1da6f48429cc0c74e3469649f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2fb203dbeaea4aeca8e41e0ef5a42df1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8889ceae45ed4ba0b5334df0f1e12ac0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a890d376ba85c493690e8e88c2377466e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8ae305c29eb648b2b28ba6b4db59d7ef">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__reb5a78c6d01f4f679edfa6aab3eaaff8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af08b3069b7fe42d6a5a815ee0c9db2c6">TEMPLATE</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a216b84282de949349d9daf1e00758363">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6610f2ce8452458ca6c61f1b4cda1647">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6d79ac07eed4f2b948350d225412dd0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6be92dc37dba40828ba4a07c0caee93f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a73c4806d13cd4fdb8db96d536b9a1dda">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc99820cac8be4bb2a0bbe749e499965b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3c83164606fb479389ff9e83ed6f3ee3">TERMINATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3d49547da5054de1a6429102a5049a6f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a446de6ab1c4b4d8282b61bc2de6ecb73">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebedb85c2acc41648c5eaa44586f3eeb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf44500b7555a42c3aaa7fc8af7303207"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab6a6845c53274e79a143b59bf2041134">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acaaec98b9a60456187d7d5d607d969a0">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a161f5dae3644ee9fdfade58b31f9c2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48db026099834879a279aca03cb33757">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdeac469687fe439a8bce991aa4ebcc2c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af40018e317fb4eb49fcd4eae3a627d93">THAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05ffb607e5aa41528dcbd0d697ea0917">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aca7e8c7c19084afd8cf6a997dab02f90">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad56d6dae14054e428e16e76fb03a6950">-</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16559a679f994fa8b472ac1e2e39d272">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a408867795c70401ca46d948a6a0365b8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab241f8898d0447f3b76b40b4ce4a99a1">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1050b53750b9451597d7877a17e467a7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18963183413441">Non-reserved</p>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p14963434144419">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p199631434184418">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3e5c25f234f040ee8254277ff391bf19">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+</tr>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p5692105525015">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p16692105585013">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p3845226194618">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18459269466">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p3845162614618">-</p>
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+</tr>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r29af65f3d5ad456babfc2f81bb84c1e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa463b5b3c2b4435bbbc015c2cd74ec6b">TO</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9b5890b49d0c4f38a35e4c766f88dfd1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a27fac373647d472592408676f6a635ab">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a14f46bb0180d41b9b1988e0c3c9a195d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdec517baf0404b2c89131b97a446e8c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1af09082ddd54d24a15e454d1c5eb8d9">TRAILING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2c41f9a5508c4f70b4937d425d1f4ced">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4bb4c879ad03440fa2e1f45804f91fd8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4e3bafa423d4bffb90caa9df3b264a8">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__raf11b9b505ca4f5bbb818d8564e867fc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52f4ef1806d940b79cba16d3c19905f5">TRANSACTION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a455811e0e42d4406b1d41f955d190e63">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d80e28e2b3345ebb1a3ec8bba1c49e4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5ea55900b99b4cc08dcab1ab8672ec3a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r19528bff853445ddbcb8e357df2234ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a347b8ab130a54f39b56f711662bdc6a3">TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab7aefbb510a94da7a6563cd36d918bde">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc3b97e15e5b4d669de80e345c19bfaf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a63d0e8c9418c43b3ba9de9434304ebcf">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra85655b513a84b74875cbc224af4daf3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a43e3e836a34cd9830bcd5a113cacda">TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a050798f080ea4e98b0bf2331ae64da7f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8d917ce4cc0e4083a0f2dc0720537042">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a17251c7a9f9547ecae6e24ef15b87a9f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r27a5e5a24fdc4b0d98443db5c4c8e0ee"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a903a0402cfba49a18d396168e696f639">TRANSACTION_ACTIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae196dd4e94e41afb3a678135ce6ed5c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abae691fed5874e94a93ce0fca53a3591">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88a9a79b072e46c89cd29be76e34863e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rda23728b6f0b43d2992ea5917d2d95a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae0443bb9387847f9b930c6e35bcd8087">TRANSFORM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1bc2c2fb92c5428f869d8b48f33f2021">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac8049a91c5244c48ba138c2437562ddf">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2e1298c0f5c14bf59393ba2dab32af32">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2b739883de2b4902bbba772703918b52"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a67778a81859b48808ee17cd39658d2db">TRANSFORMS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a03bb8d8cd6544bdda91d1b2839a1dd52">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae27bc18eebfa47dda18c137d8ca5bdd4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acd2879977f8e457ab271d8261bc1ba34">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r791b8cd3f2804850b3d86edaad722ffa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8eebd682746c4e3e9eabb1e9e96a09c1">TRANSLATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a296b0eebf24546ec9ea730da3fbf3ff0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ee90673806342fead3b311f8ebdd26d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24161cdb799140be84e87064d2c758e6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd8def350baa74272958890e08237e300"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9df385f92ffb4b62a482b24ebba133d4">TRANSLATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af5ef5bccfc15493e9efbd1a77f3aef32">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1d65392cbc6a49bdaa11b97044f125e5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a390b9af79d2a49778896ea298ac43c05">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r13b25e1e9fe6495f9c73d89e9a10af47"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a05944596f5b04408ba3ef7b9649d296c">TREAT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ae056aab5504e09bec054fac58d4767">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad51091e4f5504caaaad447903a51441f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac4388d028fbb4e2b9bc04e87e5c3ce29">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2ee232fcfc374dcaa86d7b0f2385edca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5536e62bf0164f24915d40740acf71c7">TRIGGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab0fb10d874834540ac6b0187e40b4204">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31212fea9c4848068452c3a7de2cddcc">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af0ac34978846404bbb1c37d3b011d956">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra2000257728d40088c18523053dd79a6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a650a0260703649cb9cf08defce9da148">TRIGGER_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adc8d931b35674722bc0456a24d2f6c91">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac0d275c9ad5d4bebacfb32dddfb37f1b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48ccbc11b9ae4ef185b30b669953c645">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2d99031d17934f4ab60221ed72f3c9ab"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a97df2057963d45e8a9c421a175226b2e">TRIGGER_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adbdf7002eb1e40589e9a2b6df10aa415">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6b14b32d31404ce49333539bb2a6707f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae42f7ff8504844dba0d52184946a354b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0e4673c6f1584530b3ec3692db6b403f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2fe1dad2e816482daece9d4cbdd2ed88">TRIGGER_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a42f7a7aeaec14d29b8537b3de206a2e9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a345f1bc006ef40cfaf14738c0fba9013">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9160a467727249d98fdb6a7cf1cb8947">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3749afa6a88c4576835555394f95f8ae"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32c2b031f27346bd97f3478217ef4563">TRIM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae1cbc1f7d64b4ac1a433843dd6daa68c">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a958c6c61b22b4f4c9bdea479b414afb4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af48862c554b945f2bc7cc5fc3aa0d3c2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7b61af40aa6f4fc18be88fcd188e3c47"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae81d89534a264eb586e00ada073b03d8">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8426068ed25e443398d447b2d1e1c647">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d42184458ee46b3a41f97100393dcdd">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b5b557ddf4141709dbfa867c329cce7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcb3aee0f989547e6bd9dd8d82ecb6f84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a85fae84be83e41fbab63f4ff1089f928">TRUNCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9a53607f737443738a396b390e1e6672">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e03b228e57947c3a619cb30999d7530">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad28c5ab442d487ab99f7b5c6c36360a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r129e36b96b5d4b01bf26994341c7297c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd83692f60a24235aeec837f278f0f38">TRUSTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab5d7f2471f7c45a6acc06329c9d7b570">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2244d53561654bfda226d25932472ff5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6a817633687349b08bbfb2345d4fbe49">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rff26e4218b324af9bb47bee419733e68"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1177004050c94274aae6f71d27d6414e">TYPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7d9a0cfef6848208a20b8b95fab9441">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afbbb70adc9b7449fae11aa8f6f83b533">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a018f7c7d2d5147d49dc3495308050f95">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r858fa4b73c8747cda5e8c7706e09c284"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad1315bc65bc545478f6f5093d8ed29ef">TYPES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af312f411973a4effa30ba58c69d43671">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6d90f60e0724109b475805eefb1e318">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9b044b2286784381b48152bb65acde2e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7c9a5b57bf1b463caa96303e2821625e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad68575a058df413ba130e3adc9b78977">UESCAPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5285e8b5f8041e9a2971a748593441e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a51d8f951f51b40818edc680c0c93c589">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4ea5136bfa19470db757a42f5a9285a5">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re98612e071e54e58b275c94ab048f7e6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af2847f4715f645458762434d6aae27f0">UNBOUNDED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac93122cbabb6413db47dec7486fb3512">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e5c6941e810403387af21afb7bab623">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa34b37e7aa914790a34a109387a39ccb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rda0843c8a6c04b87aa552bb500b188e5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afcfe5a9e006d46e1a1dc91a3f8b7df85">UNCOMMITTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af280ffb6317d46bf9e12a8f02e60951c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a24df3282d7d84ff5b2848c83495cc4ec">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa3e2695b0187424aa90116e3e180e13b">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc931e32cc8a14b5f8eb44cdc101e5c19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a185404a6bcf54779b3281210c95186b0">UNDER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a697dc8f3070746a6be4779677a09885a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a23cd5b2d69bf498681aee9c5a04575be">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa7a8182f070d4b9f919fe080bd29022b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r337534622c05471bb5acddfa9d45c238"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a286b28e1a63b41939d60e9f719764077">UNENCRYPTED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa2265e5a3764468c8bedbe5e836e000d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebeb760b3d8545c584140cde9557b4ef">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a41d515cbaea74145a25271ad75593f44">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfd0a5dcd90364d83bb92cfcfd5431e55"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad716391fc0f4b42a49a28d934d21d15">UNION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f5b80b503d44cb4b4e9def3bde1ea1f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a718166a1994d4d39954f228a37d8a8e3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9386c7384ed0456d9273bb509f23713c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc4f263428ce045e29ad97007a5baf14d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a418164886bab4913b00db53ece18f330">UNIQUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae075f90f25384e1a80f4aff888baf7a2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec19ba1400d240b2a921299e4d8911a7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a70105d000e9a49c79dc15d326ac66b14">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r08c433c1ec6142879295cf6e8931d34a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa6a08c04b7f9455db48cacd8c7b8ac8a">UNKNOWN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae7fa7c02615e43b0b0925f3d623c9d70">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5cbf1d420c4a48038157abf689443ce6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a50c3f3a49a8542318b622323e9c4cf4a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r36cb23e786f54a558178491f7f85364d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e627719dba94f7fbf015ffddd41d1ca">UNLIMITED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a86e799e257a942d689f7c3a60524d609">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afa36e28384b9495d8645c1477e216c6d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af67c2b6de750471caeb76d439536ca4e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rb350a595ca494ac5ae7916f19fd913ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1e6c595e8b0a48e488c89a75b9e1ffb7">UNLISTEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1a26138cdced40a1a763d2c221112767">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adee6f2223ddf4873b17ec880399685e9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a142f573bbf16438b899e4b39741fab01">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rbf9425b31f3f4c4785324da28da4e8fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af072c4cb520441298bf06a29fa63bc0e">UNLOCK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae38b02b977ef4a7da5521bf7ca5f6f1c">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b3bd11680e745bc8a971bbe5d2ab4d3">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab73cbf6faddb4e34add4dba4b2283138">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r68bc902584c74089b95b5f9e2df28472"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a747079e45c5242ad82749103be689cca">UNLOGGED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7c7d6a7b4ba84bf69c733250f02ae59d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5257488f75aa481c9e92713f00c4b2fc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad68e552acaca43829af5d5d71a60e8dc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2e06f4ce302b4333bdbb7cb5c143d3b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7abc8df90c1847e6b65ae7378ee32f7c">UNNAMED</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b943527059f41c0924c8d94c848eae1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac9dd4480e71047c7bd8a4d95fc79b67d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a22ad9a9e69b0454f828db29b5ae0bd6d">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2f20375eba194a3abde72d37f5d4f57f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1424b561e5c84b2a99dcb9f0c04b2d2f">UNNEST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a370f1b419b0c4aa2ae6d7d2a92b60e85">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad15c3ca7c3d249b38d089ef8a030fda4">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adef9589081f94e1a854bfd44ceb90036">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6162acd4762641238d3ea64167c8898f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adf3530300b194ddbb70bc8cfd8467677">UNTIL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5a419bf1ce0d45bc993b3f1796b37d3a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac04b336894184bb8a84e3e591bdeb48a">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9cb45d9f3b954d57a983f6022c6a3779">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__re64109f165e94642a373de7e25fb4597"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af8103de04ae7445db1fff0cad1bd4f59">UNUSABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8c169a2ad9b64e95b9f992aabeee26b2">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a007928bf63544a0c845982047fbe6aaa">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa06b13f8d38047c896060b580cfa1e1f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf310197e7f44463fa939ec298ef39cea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5b77072086574adeac7590132ac5278c">UPDATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee4336d920444c06b41825e361ed24e4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa808ed2bd7b344368b98cda1630b1104">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3ed3dce2b684a5494380304cd6729ce">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r01e015f410f14cae92863fb271300cfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a19b2cdd50e5b45039a1c08091c7070a2">UPPER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adcc3af15819f43fab3a85ba0f11e2590">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af52cf52ed76e4d1aa691cd6b20163f49">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6dd6c4607bf34cafae731010cbc058b6">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2ea095bd58754439815e4075a892be4a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9c79e31991f64cde81053d60dad9ca77">USAGE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aee90eb5098334b0cb68dd01508324831">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a78f52a2968ee4f1086c796fa9b33ae9a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a875f4dcc478f4e048ce52fe082b3bf0e">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rdf21db8364e149409cdf8d82991e8beb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11e1ce1c07de473b91518bfa54a17e13">USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aec2ae795d0804eb28f6b221d41c08bb2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3153add3e64040f8a5280b22a8ad91db">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd4de2171be64dfc81168f799c9cd872">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r899bcf7861d14712987503e5bea6976e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac11a22c8a919438d8c740b15f6be44b9">USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG</p>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd7b30b1fab94779ab5a51b128e69fd4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a30fafc7da69a480fbb0e6ad108898f47">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abca6a838f70144e69a1ed2a0e1b44ce2">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r0c4ac3aaa8f546839e6b968e38ae0899"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acff09e30145246b3a8a3b2f6c93a5e93">USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8033d2df68534b8d87e463b501d8932b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aad39e8574e9c4898937b702d8067f548">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ae17b5aa45e4d018a2ca531070dc3c0">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8285ea5f3e7e4b3e8e8c4aa29efdcf1c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafeee10324ec4f7eb79035d68081a5f3">USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7975ddb9cd6d4a76b9c00bef019281af">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad5aa4fda07b1450a8624b8ab943802f9">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5370d9bf7cf24f4485d05f78c13acb4d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8e426f58e9484cb0a0deec9d63ffd038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4aafa1e8a6b64f0f96dcaa8bfc0ffb9e">USING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0d93e8e2744043adae3dfe9520cac5ed">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad6b8f5e6fdea4bb9b7fb155e48fea455">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aae67b3f6995f404eb648f686204e53e0">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r22ad227e8fc04df3bc4b8a8da4275af7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a571e49242723440d90c4b89a10414698">VACUUM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab28e3524ca2a4466ad0c1fa3626a444e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5d17da7b6e3c4f9a9262044b76f5f495">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a275765a520f8431e9976427e689b66fc">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r05f73c5b7d404d7286b69012c8dfd047"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3454cf78ba4a4f63994fd65a2b039a94">VALID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad7ca77cbe2eb4a13ba0def751e0732fe">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aea0458296d374f66b7a382fe09758179">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae51d01bc0b9b4229b4ea797f99e081fb">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7f64b4896a8d4aaba0d2d9ecaf836f7f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8f9625abe18545b6833457a09cde2127">VALIDATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a30e2e970e89147ccab077e62653daa2e">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11eb3ce241fe436fb13acb5f07f99e6f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a118a0fe315f846a8adc88c553622ad45">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r23356092db0543639cc8c12b20c71025"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a174d1d6345bd4c94a728eca9f6245041">VALIDATION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3b5fe2f135404c4693726b6664a9c593">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae276bb4d789d4e91ab5985898dfb33c6">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5cc930b36eb044d0a417ef2250c242d7">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf433204d62d540bc89b0300356a0bee3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab74cf36cf36542e98291534427e771db">VALIDATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a76fa71389e9546a5aa262773d706ebd4">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a000a1e9eba9444639dfe781eecca7eb1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab1c3d7b308684ebb80d03111b382a700">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rff61e1a5737c4e9e9d5adaa4b79c1536"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb1a6f07bcbf43fbb96e6f792898261a">VALUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8b392ff293744a33ad15569e7385db76">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a65ddbaf8afc34366a8e6fbf7ac75356c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d7f6d8d3f8748e1895055623a3fc9e5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r24acca7fcdfe4c948453379652fd9771"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a88a25efadce74f5caa0eede66d41d610">VALUES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a171820d9a31c4dd98398e03a3997efcc">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae913fbc0c17746fc97b5ccca01363d10">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae7981f3756ed4d429b1028b7842d606f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r36345c63c3ac412696ac5ed4944ecfba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8bb6bcdfab6a446ab1bb1e7d1c6711b5">VARCHAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8cec81b0d58440c89235c55e546c399e">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4815b66493c5416aab0cf298da6b6180">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a008c58e8c67141bdbb459fdbd596d738">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r06da59a7e437495eb9fd9a2b304a0854"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adac41430414e469e8d9a7257e0b6e89f">VARCHAR2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1334642cb61c4f13bfbe318349d695b4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__addf855890a7540069536fa7b64085567">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afe4f130f798244e596340bc04a73498a">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r4a147bc9a0a84009b3435e889e5792d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abb14811a11d14a6ba5ccd02f3390ee3e">VARIABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a71d13829474d43ee9db7954568a167f8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aafd7a0da2c6f4a64bb3d0a78150c286f">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9dc9bf252fcf49f7b26f4b19596cc234">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r15b546941d7d4049a133ed8a5d133744"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa523bc438d5b4a0480eb114ba7389127">VARIADIC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2502400833b6405185f3fcd7b6d5646b">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acbf6b31d3f1d466faf4ae6347f64618e">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac65f26a255594315996e96aa21efadd4">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1569f524ed084d00bc7744e40e1e2859"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a58ecda180832418e8ed1665aa975e14c">VARYING</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa732b529a4784f37ae08c893e33f4054">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aba83b02413814c80afadeaa29e63b2f3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a16fb05e1581f44b4887705d9c5e4ca55">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row795123122717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1627619414473">VCGROUP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p927614417479">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p122764417473">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p4276164114717">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfcea6c44eb364e75a692655d7702e194"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a101642d30bec4d10947993f40dc750ca">VERBOSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0f3a7b2c1f624266b40f6420a3073b6c">Reserved (functions and types allowed)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1c631726a00341b9890f3032a027963d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad7b7bb171c064b52944df092befc875d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row586051122815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p99461438134711">VERIFY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p994613384471">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p14946238134719">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p139461038134717">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rf5f255fdf4c245009fe8c82638e89d2e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a06928a2db3e341759e383ec66d647fdc">VERSION</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac0d15ae86bba4426bc630ea807fb9c0f">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4e37650722f245438fe7c9bc479e0de0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acf383f7935d648b69d47b3b293d82949">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rd1f05be9be514a27a018ec43f222e0c8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7c0033d25ba74894a0fbaadb05527d65">VIEW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad49229efa2104d739ad0d1aa8a7c4bda">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abfcb7300b86e48ecbd2fe4b63e6c2d16">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2e815da256ea4cb69ade591d89082b89">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc0caaac3435f4d22bd8f840d580621f5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a254e7c46ef34495d9761ce2d65b9ee02">VOLATILE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9d4b0bee95cf4e82b6281e2969cd94ee">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3555f2e3760043f687473c08bfa539e2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48f1c8fc866e4085a99a6a2245eb21ce">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6148abf5ec0a4c9c9207b3f0eb290435"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abd9e51f3608d4eb99b32d0a9e747cb63">WHEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7b257eded4bc4a3a91a5a5b44bd2cd5c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1c4504d162834df6b986afd328601fdb">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ac7239dcaf3ab4ef38bd197ef1e191584">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5ad57cc60c394c51a7ca9271ce9a7191"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7fb0ccf2419c449892b9dd490f0436b2">WHENEVER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acac5a82a8ff840739331d207a2a16935">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7cf84d410dc44f22bb46c314100f05ee">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab34b77a59d1045e7aeb6a16c5e252744">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r995f0b5679f84fc6abfb6ffdd8a56749"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1f0472476ad54677ae3f0b7ed6792579">WHERE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a587e84476bb346e29b7a227355b151e7">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90640b09f6b449bfa9be21c70e97d81c">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa73c0eeb36f641969db87e25c9ad42e5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r465cc354dd024d6dbdb00d95ee5e45c4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a32654cde66a54ae398c79b1f2e83d778">WHITESPACE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9b2d1c2b9037400693558a1bc6e54154">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a442e9d89ce274db881f412e7126798bd">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a00275c76474a477a824cfccc58da3ad6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r7dc769eeb2fa42ca9a20ce656eca9b19"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6e4ded156a894d10a56d8c04da82cea0">WINDOW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab3da8240340944e2ba120a4114b375c5">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2b815fc799ae4c62b4bb30014f6e6016">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48f1ad0815f34662908705a966a39abf">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r093356a682dd41998730c5622aad4e60"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad360cb1d084044f99c80cd48f875b728">WITH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a03c1fe3aec7c4018870e33e1c71fe625">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aea7a8122e2564bfe8b1fa60b8082ed0d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11591a5c70e94708b9f29d5859cbd6c1">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row18703144520295"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p1705174511294">WITHIN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p147051245152916">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p15705134515299">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p17051645132916">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r6fbf6376541a4f12997c12de69b7d5b4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a48d12672d6134addbb5cd92becf7b159">WITHOUT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9128e6e65d94ada9bafe523c1c0ea3a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a76c819f9001f41b9b0628d0d32ba8798">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af8666a5501314b32bb8ba562f9084f86">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rcbfe8a38b9484181b9a47e4c0889d6cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af18454c4d8944d9ca88ce9d551424b63">WORK</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a52686b25c2154defa02be086ed609280">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0ac1a686dc4b44f783ac69a82335ea34">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5eaaf86446aa4fba9e627cd0d7930fd2">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r3bb6c917499b41019d5637ed0ed1e7bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1662ada8a65f44dbb598e8ee071e26d9">WORKLOAD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae9bcb70e89f9480a8516b7e53aa47168">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aef9377c1acc44b95948a2005a0f902d0">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad6ad7823670948e386494739190a6293">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5295fe89f8584cbd97a94ec8f60aab7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a08231f71beb5484685006d46bbf52147">WRAPPER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a257dce40adbb4cefa62f2fe936f61cd6">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab463b771074249378558984e60506279">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa9d367441b0e4061b0e895d69814ec78">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r55cc401185d9498e8afdce9a2935e28a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a801069feea42416582fe3d0e97f4af62">WRITE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad0dfca8068aa4bd79d3457040d380eef">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5abfe4aefcff463fb162674b51e9ab4a">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0739a2a5db2f4661a71f551ce0a4de9d">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1c9f66415b3e486e85eea55b3b20dcb1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a1471fb2f221e4a5e844541b48210e6a8">XML</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5fd4bb0a565c4efa80ba1137163b1a67">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abcc9be7dcfe2442fadb91eaab99ae9d9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a87c685d825874892b81d6188bf0210a1">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r1c15783ac4f14a60b6c209c79e8e0b4f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6dfaab21fdd042d0aeef227b9f2dca36">XMLATTRIBUTES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aaa60048348364c3aaf4fe2aef1cd9b22">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aebeeb0b289d34e7281bcab977ee064e7">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9f4bce9e4d0e41afa2fcfc9f38c17262">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ra191df228ada42e1be79226ff9fad0ce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a10e28518d15840a4b7e4cca2735fe907">XMLCONCAT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a92f65a587dfe40268dc73f8189d95e12">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab4697c65553946718fc69fd4911468f8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__afd29cb9bcae14bc8943c87e47be0737b">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rfc152bbe3da74e49981226eaf6548df4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ab893cb6a965b42e9af173088eb25f8a1">XMLELEMENT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a121140c6f21f442881ed33562bc3c50c">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae547b032366e4e698e0da6522bb1b741">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__aa5300182f02744d797afc0701684ba3f">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r040c2acf8b084029a5cbc53d8a500963"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a85409fdbeeb546ba83671b6c6dee59b7">XMLEXISTS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a14b2e3b599aa448c9f98849503df89a4">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a13677a0f23e547fe81af3a5266d0ab0f">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a11a1aaf6e3bf421bae5ab828d84196e6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r5bda6d0407234f59abeb9224ada6526c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a3be72cc9ae954d55b7bfe9eddda9e237">XMLFOREST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9e2a0f35331a4c09a832cee580fcdbb6">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a7ad17389cf69439fb0b853b7ac53d850">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a9eaaa74a3cb94139ae78de3648e817c6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row14223151754818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p0168194519480">XMLNAMESPACES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p82241017104819">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p132241817174814">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p42242170485">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r300707965da445d9a5c8e113ddd657b2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a8080709ca7944691a50b67d1048f3237">XMLPARSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ada26258310a34af6bbdc7c3c9050d703">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae41dd54cf244472cad0995efabd73285">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__af1cf104ce4a44981a024de2521fa71e6">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r04395d3fdd014d549f96e81faf0ec78a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4bd009ed9b514909be5bcc088a5b8007">XMLPI</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a31c2d819abda4106ac35404ecff7d312">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ad72f77e0e64a4c11b9631c2bd0b778e9">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0b8e8d0419fb4c28a051c9038408fda9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r40d4bc9dc6014e4ca7875d4c813f786e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a6960dc4adffc4158adc689393444e6b0">XMLROOT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a5c38969f615f4cb4975f3bdc8fe79eb5">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4d80e5fd290049098bb6911177cfbe34">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r2271acc0d1f64cdb84d42607646c8bfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a012f56aa34374d728805d7e8930c8bde">XMLSERIALIZE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a2eb7041360c54baab60cd9d155104ef8">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a0208c312192b42f8933d08143673ded8">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a659df8262110429fb6cb0520d2509077">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__row15850162934811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p108511329124813">XMLTABLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p08511229134819">Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p18851182924813">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__p485182910485">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__rc6a9edb6b463483ba9dc29d399374d79"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__abfd4c9be3d7e44b28f6b7ec08ede56d1">YEAR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a4f1f5ec0be3d4d62a262ce03b3698f09">Non-reserved</p>
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+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a122c30412d9447b78ddf31c96a8901ec">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8c0df050210d4f27a8737ee19839466d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__ae241314cf6354499b60611cb08212eac">YES</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a188642c49a56448786730c2be0e33f2a">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a80825e762eba4191922d99ad47be2451">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a90cb113c45c642d1b6ebb26e13ebfb77">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__r8bcf2a02795f428e89e75d152b31eadb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a282de5a9ebae44bbb21397a6d35c432c">ZONE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__adeeac37f5b164eeaad8081e1fb5c1846">Non-reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__acb235988abfc455cbcc1b6c883a9f4d3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710729__a510966265cdf47e5b1e364ce57c7faa3">Reserved</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0008.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0008.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510975"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510975"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0009.html">Numeric Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0010.html">Monetary Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0011.html">Boolean Type</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0012.html">Character Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0013.html">Binary Data Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0014.html">Date/Time Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0015.html">Geometric Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0016.html">Network Address Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0017.html">Bit String Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0018.html">Text Search Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0019.html">UUID Type</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0020.html">JSON Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0021.html">HLL Data Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0022.html">Object Identifier Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0023.html">Pseudo-Types</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0024.html">Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0025.html">XML</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0009.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0009.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8df6533e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Numeric Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p715873911354">Numeric types consist of two-, four-, and eight-byte integers, four- and eight-byte floating-point numbers, and selectable-precision decimals.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ab91ff840b73b4de68e29d610e98cf9d8">For details about numeric operators and functions, see <a href="dws_06_0034.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p19316184911918">GaussDB(DWS) supports integers, arbitrary precision numbers, floating point types, and serial integers.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__section167500015573"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Integer Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p1915742295818">The types TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER, BINARY_INTEGER, and BIGINT store whole numbers, that is, numbers without fractional components, of various ranges. Saving a number with a decimal in any of the data types will result in errors.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p1285984933419">The type INTEGER is the common choice. Generally, use the SMALLINT type only if you are sure that the value range is within the SMALLINT value range. The storage speed of INTEGER is much faster. BIGINT is used only when the range of INTEGER is not large enough.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__t574fd39bb3704930b014f3c925f4e9e1" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Integer types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r069350ca806b467c9ad58d10c76466b4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a62ee3e48413146c289b4328db70d1714">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a9b5687d587bb4c4b8a1bce82a9778dd9">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a05d28c1580b244709ab7e2bb7e618764">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__addc86ae1aca2403999c9949b6fe5a75b">Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r8acb0bf46b164979b200ab0e72647c2a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__afcfa3a089a9244b7ad3611492c7bb766">TINYINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a65a1dce0057b4c49b07104293d4ccafd">Tiny integer, also called INT1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a725aac4837384d0a92e190f9a587f2a4">1 byte</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a90296721771a4602bb0da87e458ffae2">0 ~ 255</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__rcf8ed92c95ff44a58a559d05021445d5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aff98f8227007425991464caeb15949b7">SMALLINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a7a1671d2b0754bed8c24b9505785d816">Small integer, also called INT2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__adfbb97dbad3b4420b152d3bbc455c7b5">2 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a87012055aed54dd9ae8029630c3d5b9a">-32,768 ~ +32,767</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r27f8e408b13b46f49fdba5e78745dc56"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a69e3486afc684c3690f47a8d07be9b56">INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__acf85c51e6c20495ea688c55a18a00629">Typical choice for integer, also called INT4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__abb0fdba3de4c4e19ab1120fbebf769ec">4 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a713a72fa4f294b28ab96155410c883d1">-2,147,483,648 ~ +2,147,483,647</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r917cc0660af04aa19833062d3f0533d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a6ff4eed9e1d04095b496748bfa7fb74b">BINARY_INTEGER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aac7898240e9843c4963890697c8005b6">INTEGER alias, compatible with Oracle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aab858358478c4113a007cf9f2a4b681b">4 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a539f405545b54f44b8e0525c9c1ea406">-2,147,483,648 ~ +2,147,483,647</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r10c24f42148f427980a97c41984c7fd7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.17171717171717%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a950f357680534e1092125b0c9913843f">BIGINT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.27272727272727%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aec106aa5d8c64f929e45810e88495205">Big integer, also called INT8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.121212121212121%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a30d07b6f0b1c4faea9880fd6baf84a25">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="43.43434343434344%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a31c729d914974018b91343a29556f494">-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 ~ 9,223,372,036,854,775,807</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__adf551c243daa4d759c96683eff7652ed">Examples:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p197801631153418">Create a table containing TINYINT, INTEGER, and BIGINT data.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen119211421099"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TINYINT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TINYINT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p456810313617">Insert data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen101988011180"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p1651438111717">View data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen317711131310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----+----+------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__section19824153591910"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Arbitrary Precision Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p15196417283">The type NUMBER can store numbers with a very large number of digits. It is especially recommended for storing monetary amounts and other quantities where exactness is required. The arbitrary precision numbers require larger storage space and have lower storage efficiency, operation efficiency, and poorer compression ratio results than integer types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p519611172812">The scale of a NUMBER value is the count of decimal digits in the fractional part, to the right of the decimal point. The precision of a NUMBER value is the total count of significant digits in the whole number, that is, the number of digits to both sides of the decimal point. So the number 23.5141 has a precision of 6 and a scale of 4. Integers can be considered to have a scale of zero.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p10744531152014">To configure a numeric or decimal column, you are advised to specify both the maximum precision (p) and the maximum scale (s) of the column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p1820012114288">If the precision or scale of a value is greater than the declared scale of the column, the system will round the value to the specified number of fractional digits. Then, if the number of digits to the left of the decimal point exceeds the declared precision minus the declared scale, an error will be reported.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__t4d2a4e9b5e424ae1a3bc17dcc922223c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Any-precision types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r3b3d269dd54b4014a400b0a752621665"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a83f964e93cfa49e3af5c02b817d2faca">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a5c7b3c8a1f3640b3b352dd2a90c47ae6">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a398be45da61d498dbe645312015c07a7">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" id="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a8579588f37fc4236a03c8747ec094825">Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r56b4d1972a5a496c8fea7fa199c23110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aea9a2a7bf85c4056886ff19a4ec835fd">NUMERIC[(p[,s])],</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a663c6ad421dd4e83a93e32f98ff95e13">DECIMAL[(p[,s])]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a6d253aab2590457b8098edb5f8e9788f">The value range of p (precision) is [1,1000], and the value range of s (standard) is [0,p].</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a14c22a04d96b43c6824c9879798c087d">The precision is specified by users. Every four decimal digits occupy two bytes, and an extra eight-byte overhead is added to the entire data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ad6aeb3f669234ca09cb978907fd4afec">Up to 131,072 digits before the decimal point; and up to 16,383 digits after the decimal point when no precision is specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r8a77d619d622469fab4923fec88a3017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a07e60ec75b93420b99d460bb7119ec90">NUMBER[(p[,s])]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a2bc7bcde682849818fdb98aa993044e5">Alias for type NUMERIC, compatible with Oracle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a3e8e06836b724a3a8ef11713cc806f65">The precision is specified by users. Every four decimal digits occupy two bytes, and an extra eight-byte overhead is added to the entire data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.5.6.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aa047387cce7c4e18a53532a80273cb6e">Up to 131,072 digits before the decimal point; and up to 16,383 digits after the decimal point when no precision is specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a42e8687f2bb948c0831bbcdbae8f7ea4">Examples:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p10440152116313">Create a table with DECIMAL values.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen13391265403"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">decimal_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DT_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p146877169359">Insert data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen1784174344117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">decimal_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">123456</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">122331</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p46642024123520">View data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen1544214304429"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">decimal_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dt_col1</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123456</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1223</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__section2013512317452"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Floating-Point Types</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p149325644611">The floating-point type is an inexact, variable-precision numeric type. This type is an implementation of IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (single and double precision, respectively), to the extent that the underlying processor, OS, and compiler support it.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__t95deb69070e14b0a95a36aeca2bb8abb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Floating point types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ra08bb07732f6410fa02068136c1958b0"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a67b32210728f4afa99da978908859376">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a26487381574f44caafc4d5f3ae69cedc">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a5acdfd33be3348c790567fa05fbbfd97">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a7405e6e821e44c1e9a17f6b7c586fe9b">Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r6d4c7fcf722a47acb00d0059d29524a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__addb066f21ee34cb2a497ab4e7207b5f6">REAL,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ac3ed9694d3bc44759d63405062c2a4dc">FLOAT4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a584e7bcbef1b4b448282638cd51caa78">Single precision floating points, inexact</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ad8499330b90c441d8ffa537a06b771b9">4 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a1a024733134445c78082297d27cb49c7">Six bytes of decimal digits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r3338020c309c40aa882972c515c1ff25"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a4608a78cef2343159af1bb38be10b17d">DOUBLE PRECISION,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a5be5fd222492402cb9d092c0ed641bfe">FLOAT8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ad547ba2c639e45ac960cd2ed0743b067">Double precision floating points, inexact</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ab64c75f8bccf48079a0c19d5f34f8bb7">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a577d8c13bdd2414281df6a2f9a2f24fa">1E-307~1E+308,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a6e5f06e55a03429db8c6d0d13bcbee2c">15 bytes of decimal digits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r4ace2f211c774f6b9dade832039f1ca8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a3e623d3b80834b95a08f0fa0031781c4">FLOAT[(p)]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a84805c418ead444bb357299c4bbeed7e">Floating points, inexact. The value range of precision (p) is [1,53]. </p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__n6d1d4d13685c45a2969f1df4b4017094"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aa814445f8f434bb1b840161db5a3ea62"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__b84235270694931">p</strong> is the precision, indicating the total decimal digits.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a58c11f311da840e7bc4dfb7a2c68d300">4 or 8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a12cfccef7cb54a39b6fb09d9e9db63c8">REAL or DOUBLE PRECISION is selected as an internal identifier based on different precision (p). If no precision is specified, DOUBLE PRECISION is used as the internal identifier.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ra1892b22501b4250b004323158d75bbb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a0f3bdc67c25840908c974ee4aa4bb7a8">BINARY_DOUBLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a5dcef825fa114b4694e6af896f895306">DOUBLE PRECISION alias, compatible with Oracle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__afd24b18daa444402a02399d882a0bb71">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ab6d7f468456c42a385d63fac931d4133">1E-307~1E+308,</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a5f27717aafd84b2b8ad52196a66c3e07">15 bytes of decimal digits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__reaeee07441e043d18e11a73ff97637cd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ac108ca5316ef4ee18a5d31bad0d61dc0">DEC[(p[,s])]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a96c5f09ed0cc4efd95c1137c15d5e8e2">The value range of p (precision) is [1,1000], and the value range of s (standard) is [0,p].</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__n45f2aecd01af4d6eb4dcd4f54a7507b4"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a8f92ded4356147b78beb07457916f47f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__b84235270694933">p</strong> indicates the total digits, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__b84235270694936">s</strong> indicates the decimal digit.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__af2ef23d4e8a2435db7359e2f0d597755">The precision is specified by users. Every four decimal digits occupy two bytes, and an extra eight-byte overhead is added to the entire data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a3c5cc598de7841978d01d9a1d2fb7aa0">Up to 131,072 digits before the decimal point; and up to 16,383 digits after the decimal point when no precision is specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r4be3aea5db484637b5f6b84c1cf880a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.3%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a45a54c98488a48b195ccfff30daa5e9f">INTEGER[(p[,s])]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.81%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a137df8661bf24b95b1b47d1e2e9271d4">The value range of p (precision) is [1,1000], and the value range of s (standard) is [0,p].</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.779999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a4bf450e9bf494f59a59457aa4d1a704a">The precision is specified by users. Every four decimal digits occupy two bytes, and an extra eight-byte overhead is added to the entire data.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.11%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a75d4d6a9d21d44e6bd44b6f4feb7ca78">Up to 131,072 digits before the decimal point; and up to 16,383 digits after the decimal point when no precision is specified</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aa35ab3e0e1e74b6388457cfe95c4c28e">Examples:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p13602145145118">Create a table with floating-point values.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen56951235316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float_type_t2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FLOAT4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FLOAT8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">FLOAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BINARY_DOUBLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FT_COL7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p12291970539">Insert data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen1981644825318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float_type_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">365456</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">123456</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3214</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">321</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">321</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">123654</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">123654</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p22491022165319">View data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen9387185717536"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float_type_t2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ft_col3</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col6</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_col7</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------+-------------+---------+---------+----------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3655</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123456</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3214</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">321</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">321</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1237</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">124</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__section91610019436"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Serial Integers</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p465734015431">SMALLSERIAL, SERIAL, and BIGSERIAL are not true types, but merely a notational convenience for creating unique identifier columns. Therefore, an integer column is created and its default value plans to be read from a sequencer. A NOT NULL constraint is used to ensure NULL is not inserted. In most cases you would also want to attach a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint to prevent duplicate values from being inserted unexpectedly. Lastly, the sequence is marked as "owned by" the column, so that it will be dropped if the column or table is dropped. Currently, the SERIAL column can be specified only when you create a table. You cannot add the SERIAL column in an existing table. In addition, SERIAL columns cannot be created in temporary tables. Because SERIAL is not a data type, columns cannot be converted to this type.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__t746bbf3df7894871ae0a11c35b3fbe9c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>Sequence integer</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__rf29fc7faae234991b050ef55f06c3116"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.69%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a26e16bc0fc484dceb389c4b75fe50b0c">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.620000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a0dd8a8cca3ef4063be513feaf27b65d7">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.870000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a449b9e930c024ebd85371ed9f664d056">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.82000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a85ca292646944ad7909ae61875de6275">Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r3431e2df9599480b886f4433bfa8fd71"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.69%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a3b201304f0da4510bae446b5e0c0609e">SMALLSERIAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.620000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__ae4cc7b2ec4514b1982b09abe0eefeeba">Two-byte auto-incrementing integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.870000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a80600e7286004773bb437a0a883e8b8f">2 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.82000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a196b61d9d6304a2ba8d388ba15f2c850">1 ~ 32,767</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__rf7f0d718db4841f4bd9b8ee176ffab22"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.69%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aa6694ff4d62046079de3dae3996eb71e">SERIAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.620000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a0a8ad823e2b14da99396baf154f5c507">Four-byte auto-incrementing integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.870000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a532d58ab96314f0a852499d8278606bf">4 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.82000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a0209172fb4e64d7f91dd2ed87e2ec074">1 ~ 2,147,483,647</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__r535813ecc67d40ab92c591a5b555dcc5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.69%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a024b3ee324c7485b871d73bbb7ef81f1">BIGSERIAL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.620000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aa2d6fa441ae74801872badcbd65dcc2b">Eight-byte auto-incrementing integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.870000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__aea6aeaefe18e4c17aff3801730d1435d">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.82000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a992118030403466fbb008258a88162c2">1 ~ 9,223,372,036,854,775,807</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__a05da92468af148b98dca2c0d71122dec">Examples:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p13384161214255">Create a table with serial values.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen9898132012275"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smallserial_type_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMALLSERIAL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p38281314172712">Insert data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen13802134619302"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smallserial_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p17266172742616">Insert data again.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen135091354143216"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smallserial_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__p5169170163312">View data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710581__screen8193173294219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smallserial_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0010.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0010.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b9dff5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Monetary Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__en-us_topic_0059778615_p59509673518">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706172427">money</strong> type stores a currency amount with fixed fractional precision. The range shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__t46041f911048428d9ee80bf0b323b430">Table 1</a> assumes there are two fractional digits. Input is accepted in a variety of formats, including integer and floating-point literals, as well as typical currency formatting, such as $1,000.00. Output is generally in the latter form but depends on the locale.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__t46041f911048428d9ee80bf0b323b430"></a><a name="t46041f911048428d9ee80bf0b323b430"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__t46041f911048428d9ee80bf0b323b430" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Monetary types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__r9ad03b8b7e5b4321af76ccdbec2bffbe"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.040000000000001%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a5513e66f3d6d4e028f0304a65bf84187">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.42%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a548232ad29e943c6ac4732b770bb10d0">Storage Size</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a5a7885e85968462b8c8145fbb8f91829">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a61905c733dc04d2ab357e7ec6967396b">Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__r586163684609437da45984797c648fed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.040000000000001%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__ab26d599469db40d2850f7652f747439b">money</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a9ccc33550c1f4a7ab4cecf886ab61dc8">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.35%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__af3eee822ac964d14a15df94736efcc87">Currency amount</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.19%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__ac15fe3bc67914c2986cf96fd267523a4">-92233720368547758.08 to +92233720368547758.07</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__aaf2f1901fba94408b6e7690561994899">Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181523">numeric</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181527">int</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181535">bigint</strong> data types can be cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181554">money</strong>. Conversion from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181622">real</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181652">double precision</strong> data types can be done by casting to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181717">numeric</strong> first, for example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__s45406dfbc082441799d68299a7364572"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12.34'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">float8</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">money</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a20ad5ad4ead544db8750b6d447f4c10f">However, this is not recommended. Floating point numbers should not be used to handle money due to the potential for rounding errors.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a22fc7d7f3a1445f5849632dbed0dbc38">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181838">money</strong> value can be cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181846">numeric</strong> without loss of precision. Conversion to other types could potentially lose precision, and must also be done in two stages:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__s9f5d0b6bb97141489e4103c2664076f1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'52093.89'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">money</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">float8</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__a920fa6db88044234b4ca2e1fa2431fb6">When a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181947">money</strong> value is divided by another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b842352706181954">money</strong> value, the result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710727__b84235270618204">double precision</strong> (that is, a pure number, not money); the currency units cancel each other out in the division.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0011.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0011.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c13d16f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Boolean Type</h1>
+<div id="body8662426">
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__t782d3302ee7d42b2b127d28238ee8742" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Boolean type</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__r7ef829f2c46846349cec4e8ead2a8cef"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.57%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a7725e5c9890446e2bce107c4602b0a87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.06%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a61833a2d649347c1b332768f3d11c08d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b842352706212013">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.75%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a9d8458ff9f574f429b38cc981ed7b2dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b28392960133724">Storage Space</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.620000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a3c5bb7c656294257b93339ca3df9e662"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b842352706165856">Value</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__re1e01fe5b0f540e1b51a946ac50a942e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.57%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a9e0f6d21874a43f6ab4c94e236bf33ef">BOOLEAN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20.06%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a5a65de86fce444a7bd8a2c619570239b">Boolean type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__ab21f3ede3a0645c5b1c25a950b7d47b7">1 byte</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.620000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__u87ad15996fd6484880cbb7853199cc20"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__l6ed29887e3ca41188bd67372b86afde1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b842352706112555">true</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__lbcfa69d14bbc4e719788833935b7c195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270611260">false</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__le05f16751f674e4ead153f949ab04ba4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b842352706113458">null</strong> (unknown)</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a2346e08c3d674ba0b980e1544cc0c38c">Valid literal values for the "true" state are:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a778a424a58b4479aa1b5598498187970"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618034">TRUE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618048">'t'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618053">'true'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618057">'y'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b8423527061811">'yes'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b8423527061817">'1'</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a5cd16ffdaa56470d8545ee50ff726abe">Valid literal values for the "false" state include:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__aa9e4f18157f34e36bc0ca2b12721ae91"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618125">FALSE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618129">'f'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618137">'false'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618141">'n'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618146">'no'</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618152">'0'</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a2f456dc35c374912ba03741ac6ad4c94"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618039">TRUE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b84235270618037">FALSE</strong> are standard expressions, compatible with SQL statements.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__s084333ec026f4dc18b689d546a722eb9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__a9bed2d8e85aa4933a0506540b8ee59a5">Data type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b1642272953216"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__text164531040121513">boolean</span></strong> is displayed with letters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b1358225619346">t</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__b153697587347">f</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671002__s6a43ccf13d39416ba7f61b8ee3b20cbd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BT_COL2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sic est'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'non est'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">est</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">non</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">est</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'t'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">est</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Character Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a6ca773d83bb1409fb885ed86085330bb"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__t0c62e4928aa34bdbb99c6b9fe3c6996b">Table 1</a> lists the character types that can be used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__text139290416">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. For string operators and related built-in functions, see <a href="dws_06_0030.html">Character Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__t0c62e4928aa34bdbb99c6b9fe3c6996b"></a><a name="t0c62e4928aa34bdbb99c6b9fe3c6996b"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__t0c62e4928aa34bdbb99c6b9fe3c6996b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Character types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r48fb566f9f0d4a03ad864bfeb363e3e1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a3e45b73cd8624ebebae1a47efd67cd84"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a8d3784bfcf594f2382bfa5cf9581f801"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b842352706212013">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p17874185110911">Length</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a2cd2df9772534765acd5ee26cd8bb5de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b84235270618324">Storage Space</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r5cdae03b9f694e87a9fc73945c47bf55"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__aba24c9dd6d2f48f88710427f19517bd4">CHAR(n)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ada0b4da3d1344678b88ef91e7798debd">CHARACTER(n)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ad3a43e05b96440f4804b0e528218a226">NCHAR(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__aebba5f83f3db4cca9c1e185788ad67aa">Fixed-length character string. If the length is not reached, fill in spaces.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p48744511794"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b15343104813599">n</strong> indicates the string length. If it is not specified, the default precision <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b12349848135919">1</strong> is used. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b8714720637">n</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b9214123414315">10485761</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a95d40bedb5864cf18f19047b0f0a0a07">The maximum size is 10 MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__re885c3d0bbf346aeb6435c14262043d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ab014f68001144400b41cfc54fda1e4aa">VARCHAR(n)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a2dc8d72bdeca43d49f3d6452bae55361">CHARACTER VARYING(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ad637f2c60b4a4f748eead898cbe1885c">Variable-length string.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p16874651195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b10324636636">n</strong> indicates the byte length. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b11325173619317">n</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1264919476314">10485761</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a5ac507dfe90246ca8b8386ca8d1ac1d7">The maximum size is 10 MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r8998b90127fb4011bbcf6d59d183ca7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a619dc1f49a18404a946cbe7cc8139398">VARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a8a58aea7152b4616b5d1848be951b887">Variable-length string. It is an alias for VARCHAR(n) type, compatible with Oracle.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p108742511697"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b11481615410">n</strong> indicates the byte length. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b41549112416">n</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b14154216411">10485761</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a207d279cc9ae4f16bdf353ae08029cf9">The maximum size is 10 MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__re58e7519ee3d42a7b13ab2dac6a81709"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a9eb4c3cf6f174085b2823bf348cc90d1">NVARCHAR2(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ab86e407b90404623974f17f24f63507f">Variable-length string.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p9874135117913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1698611161446">n</strong> indicates the string length. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b799217160418">n</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b48488211244">10485761</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a66d8a16da7ab424c885b7b3febb76f26">The maximum size is 10 MB.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r83b2ab5a35e84e50a3e4011e07590528"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ac041c0bc12074156937452c217da5438">CLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a558c25e808e54b339752e8beb397f139">Variable-length string. A big text object. It is an alias for TEXT type, compatible with Oracle.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p4874155116915">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a2551e92cc63443df98c5ba46bb43bff6">The maximum size is 1,073,733,621 bytes (1 GB - 8203 bytes).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r6cc3e4b49ebc43329a001537c9faba5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__aab41bc55ee3e45ccb73da60a081fe524">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a5abb2889b4c741a989e84ddd16d53d08">Variable-length string.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p3875155111919">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a76df4c92772c4bb1ae336ae79516ff39">The maximum size is 1,073,733,621 bytes (1 GB - 8203 bytes).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__n92683b0a610f42f8ba3f465d4c088508"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ul1063435691415"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li1634856131414">In addition to the size limitation on each column, the total size of each tuple is 1,073,733,621 bytes (1 GB – 8023 bytes).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li1607593142">For string data, you are advised to use variable-length strings and specify the maximum length. To avoid truncation, ensure that the specified maximum length is greater than the maximum number of characters to be stored. You are not advised to use fixed-length character types such as CHAR(n), NCHAR(n), and CHARACTER(n) unless you know that the data type is a fixed-length character string.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p259791010157"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__text1712644613">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has two other fixed-length character types, as listed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ta7a9f8927f4b419e9d1c0a01d2dac911">Table 2</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p10653977156">The name type is used only in the internal system catalog as the storage identifier. The length of this type is 64 bytes (63 characters plus the terminator). This data type is not recommended for common users. When the name type is aligned with other data types (for example, in multiple branches of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1673104314312">case when</strong>, one branch returns the name type and other branches return the text type), the name type may be aligned but characters may be truncated. If you do not want to have 64-bit truncated characters, you need to forcibly convert the name type to the text type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a10b579e502d54786b1bc51e18195b02b">The type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b84235270615914">"char"</strong> only uses one byte of storage. It is internally used in the system catalogs as a simplistic enumeration type.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ta7a9f8927f4b419e9d1c0a01d2dac911"></a><a name="ta7a9f8927f4b419e9d1c0a01d2dac911"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ta7a9f8927f4b419e9d1c0a01d2dac911" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Special character types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r56c54c4cb1674d65857d79ccd5c7fbd7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.69%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a0f318fc3178e45e6b9606f6a98572d8e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b974734301">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.7%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__afd8fbd9b531e45c792ccb148fb1ca9db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1270272796">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a09faf26e62b64d9792b0ac22dd8610dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b84235270618433">Storage Space</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__rb700bbe3c7024e5793ac3b03e96e5310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.69%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a241fa051a4e74daa8f487ef02f955679">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.7%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ac5be69ca53094afa90a1b312ffb9f9ec">Internal type for object names</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__aa2b504804e6142a5996844627f86b77a">64 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__r8d7140940cb142fea167277be5f38ed9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.69%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a8aba13345a1142c8bb4b264c5f07b2dd">"char"</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.7%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__aabd861164d9740379ccf2976736df21e">Single-byte internal type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__a6b3403fd4c314a1a8994200e9e7e3afe">1 byte</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__section138161228143512"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Length</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p151681146317">If a field is defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b42974310478">char(n)</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b102414711476">varchar(n)</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b7539154211482">n</strong> indicates the maximum length. Regardless of the type, the length can not exceed 10485760 bytes (10 MB).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p8169204612114">When the data length exceeds the specified length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b11849185095617">n</strong>, the error "value too long" is reported. Of course, you can also specify to automatically truncate the data that exceeds the length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p48126560547">Example:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ol064373712569"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li18643103795620">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b19600312587">t1</strong> and specify the character type of its columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen838111745914"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li89625468562">An error is reported when the length of data inserted into the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b458811393103">t1</strong> exceeds the specified length.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen716816495020"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bookstore'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">too</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">CONTEXT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">referenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li1482815251608">Insert data into table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b7138102117168">t1</strong> and specify that the data is automatically truncated when the length exceeds the specified bytes.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen17529755165211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bookstore'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">'12345678'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">books</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12345</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__section08719171214"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Fixed Length and Variable Length</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p1692620249215">All character types can be classified into fixed-length strings and variable-length strings.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ul159264241223"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li3926102420218">For a fixed-length string, the length must be specified. If the length is not specified, the default length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b18651173121213">1</strong> is used. If the data length does not reach the specified length, spaces are automatically added to the end of the string. However, the added spaces are meaningless and will be ignored in actual use, such as comparison, sorting, and type conversion.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li1092632412220">For a variable-length string, if the length is specified, the specified length indicates the maximum length of the data that can be stored. If the length is not specified, it means any length is available.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p17236173913274">Example:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ol16531948172717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li1553134862716">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b890521512159">t2</strong> and specify the character type of its columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen19112150134013"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li177541553122716">Insert data into table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1970763216152">t2</strong> and query the byte length of column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b18456436131515">a</strong>. During table creation, the character type of column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b17115113316173">a</strong> is specified as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b660512414171">char(5)</strong> and fixed-length. If the data length does not reach 5 bytes, spaces are added. Therefore, the queried data length is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b12308142451916">5</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen108209215415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+---------+-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li8610138122810">After the conversion by using the function, the actual queried length of the column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1820374913314">a</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b437535233115">3</strong> bytes.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen193941212151617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__section1721613571612"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Bytes and Characters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p181523363541"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b58661643133616">n</strong> means differently in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1961745371">VARCHAR2(n)</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b27431878377">NVARCHAR2(n)</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ul14170114512541"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li181705454542">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b11173102383713">VARCHAR2(n)</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1143402653715">n</strong> indicates the number of bytes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li5170154518545">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b7296195383720">NVARCHAR2(n)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1522410573371">n</strong> indicates the number of characters.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__note1811181213108"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p2111412101011">Take an UTF8-encoded database as an example. A letter occupies one byte, and a Chinese character occupies three bytes. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b17107123124416">VARCHAR2(6)</strong> allows for six letters or two Chinese characters, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b09373815445">NVARCHAR2(6)</strong> allows for six letters or six Chinese characters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__section113891731872"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Empty Strings and NULL</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p14189191112228">In Oracle compatibility mode, empty strings and NULL are not distinguished. When a statement is executed to query or import data, empty strings are processed as NULL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p25446271017">As such, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b9711191919497">= "</strong> cannot be used as the query condition, and so does <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b1523017383497">is ''</strong>. Otherwise, no result set is returned. The correct usage is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b493810291472">is null</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b7708540204715">is not null</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__p577113125414">Example:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__ol202031529155416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li420320298548">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b87629418423">t4</strong> and specify the character type of its columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen115923755817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li194111331205411">Insert data into table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b848531420507">t4</strong>. The inserted value contains an empty string and NULL.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen1074811464584"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__li13734392555">Check whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__b191091037195013">t4</strong> contains null values.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830639__screen1934620488309"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----+----------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+----------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0013.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0013.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74d4f8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0013.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Binary Data Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__en-us_topic_0059778141_p168218119366"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__teea287ea2f5d4444bb3ebb521189b9e8">Table 1</a> lists the binary data types that can be used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__text805822315">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__teea287ea2f5d4444bb3ebb521189b9e8"></a><a name="teea287ea2f5d4444bb3ebb521189b9e8"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__teea287ea2f5d4444bb3ebb521189b9e8" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Binary Data Types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__rd6c8f22526fd42d8b723ead93f91c856"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a8fdafb04f4954c5bb56ab97fe816a910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__aedea42dd8c5c42199806e6b54b8dc747"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__b842352706212013">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a19694fc9e6494d809dc6b5a055b896bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__b84235270618324">Storage Space</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__r986b12e2b82f4effb6790e2b6d6243a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__ae08e32a3dae6420e81fb01f00608abe2">BLOB</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a92a0c7f2cb5446849fdeeb79ae57de58">Binary large object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a15cbd6788a9843aebbc7e71c34c9e4af">Currently, BLOB only supports the following external access interfaces:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__u7066c912584f4676bde522ce12b0e441"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__la3ea8d67f39c4563aff015f9dea7a765">DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__l87fa6fbe1dd04e509a0c14b40c6b455b">DBMS_LOB.READ</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__ld114ed337f7440f8a9692c214c549ce6">DBMS_LOB.WRITE</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__lba7198fd4ceb45ed84d050d702e46966">DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__le713c948ca0f4b9388d3902526e68f7c">DBMS_LOB.COPY</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__le2e4935565e6480a9e04767849de15c2">DBMS_LOB.ERASE</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__ad2e744fd427241988df29db8ffa5bce2">For details about the interfaces, see DBMS_LOB.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__n62a23985159a49e095a843d10f18abad"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__aa4629d75a07b49288cb68bfa4d63e139">Column storage cannot be used for the BLOB type.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a1003e536ffe04b489f2320d9c6a1e6c4">The maximum size is 10,7373,3621 bytes (1 GB - 8203 bytes).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__r74979cb40d83421d981147e70dcf453e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a03844b03b4754b7287f3106688d85b05">RAW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__aa29bb7b3a9fb4eb2abb0a126c5080817">Variable-length hexadecimal string</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__n215c685409cb4b95bae54157c1fe13e0"><span class="notetitle"> NOTE: </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a0d160e863cf843238c90499bda6db98b">Column storage cannot be used for the raw type.</p>
+</div></div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a96cd1e0e5d7b41d981d9663e663e5d87">4 bytes plus the actual hexadecimal string. The maximum size is 10,7373,3621 bytes (1 GB - 8203 bytes).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__rc4d8961dd370490ca8133e2139855175"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a3a9c26a681d64108a0d93666e7792eea">BYTEA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="42%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a5dcaa38263194e339d7b2ef3f7c175ae">Variable-length binary string</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a6444176c2ab94e92af1863ea774aa6ac">4 bytes plus the actual binary string. The maximum size is 10,7373,3621 bytes (1 GB - 8203 bytes).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__n170c2459de93429a86e707b99a0cda0d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__a165b4015a8864e51833fcc6dfdf26cf7">In addition to the size limitation on each column, the total size of each tuple is 8203 bytes less than 1 GB.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__acc4988a4dfae49c29448173469fe58e6">Examples</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830561__s11e2aa3d6c9e43e2b611e7d801e5cfdf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BLOB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BYTEA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">empty_blob</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HEXTORAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'DEADBEEF'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\xDEADBEEF'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Query data in the table:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col3</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">bt_col4</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------+----------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DEADBEEF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">xdeadbeef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0014.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0014.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3cd0da14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0014.html
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Date/Time Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a314c4bfcb00445b39a0f87cd54ba1cfe"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__te36aedd5ecb747abb055a0d329a83c75">Table 1</a> lists date and time types supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__text1331508950">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. For the operators and built-in functions of the types, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__n858c3d4911ce48499be08024b6eca4cc"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a46fe6abf76c342f495f285826606672d">If the time format of another database is different from that of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__text1846817280">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, modify the value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__en-us_topic_0085032383_en-us_topic_0058965827_b842352706153651">DateStyle</strong> parameter to keep them consistent.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__te36aedd5ecb747abb055a0d329a83c75"></a><a name="te36aedd5ecb747abb055a0d329a83c75"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__te36aedd5ecb747abb055a0d329a83c75" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Date/Time types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r0139b9e239924f0087a0ee44729a958a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a9d0ab4ade4f54c48bdaaeb2c54b76a27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a02d74cfcee3040729d2ca948717ed838"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706212013">Description</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a51cd9acb70dc4ad59aa35dd70b5843c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270618324">Storage Space</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r56b62dad85d24ab7a612d6e0742493f0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a2988920000614a89b0476756a9384d43">DATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p793719142549">In Oracle compatibility mode, it is equivalent to timestamp(0) and records the date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p679545616315">In other modes, it records the date.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p26251740123413">In Oracle compatibility mode, it occupies 8 bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p155910267541">In Oracle compatibility mode, it occupies 4 bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r48f8be09fca44ecbb0385b513f397af8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a59be4c93e6364fdba5670d0318d005e9">TIME [(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a9a7dbc7f8e7640bd8ca8e7af055891ec">Specifies the time of day (no date).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__acbc47155fd8c4fd0b536f2857d4baed7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104641">p</strong> indicates the precision after the decimal point. The value ranges from 0 to 6.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3ca19c2ac91a47698cee9bb2585ee18f">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rcf39c5b859ab4d1bb3b3f5b647e58662"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aa07f5acd845949f9919e2ad6101f670c">TIME [(p)] [WITH TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4b4db98f9f14498f8d1326415de6c9bf">Specifies time within one day (with time zone).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aecf7b91a0e0a4fa8ac88d1459b2e7dca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b148777601">p</strong> indicates the precision after the decimal point. The value ranges from 0 to 6.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4d09e18f9133449492d093aafa60d6cc">12 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r643e5bbeeb72482b9f5b2d239cc1f53a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a90de7bae6e314c5d9b4e8ff88775a92e">TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a6873edfe3bad445f8efecd295b609338">Specifies the date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a12f42877b2214bd8ab950487753f287e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b405397066">p</strong> indicates the precision after the decimal point. The value ranges from 0 to 6.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae516b1e8ea81488d9299ab724e0036fe">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r20a05dbbdd3b41c5a6c6ccd77eb5eef5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aaba04dae851e477cb0db09ea6e03c8b2">TIMESTAMP[(p)][WITH TIME ZONE]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aff470c33457943df8c22eb8094e683ec">Specifies the date and time (with time zone). TIMESTAMP is also called TIMESTAMPTZ.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a26f89aac6ec0495ca89cb86accaabae0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b2038914502">p</strong> indicates the precision after the decimal point. The value ranges from 0 to 6.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a18bea8615eab400cb1f6e107024687b9">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r28d0c58a5f9d47de9d2ae69d1d6d92b4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a319d0a74682b4fda92946edfcd729ada">SMALLDATETIME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a492ac1709d034781be569069a2667da8">Specifies the date and time (without time zone).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae29b93c083674d268e82c91b528bf09b">The precision level is minute. 31s to 59s are rounded into 1 minute.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a6af95d9faa5d46d8a75f1940da7dc76c">8 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r8bd159aed501439599e1e36a47d5de1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a0869b4b190e64c8282486d906491dc8e">INTERVAL DAY (l) TO SECOND (p)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a86c5b7663fac40dba1301c047fe24e34">Specifies the time interval (X days X hours X minutes X seconds).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__u05a9d15754994bf5a486e4666c51c958"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__l8b4cadd6f32241f09fe9302cb1ed95b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706105746">l</strong>: indicates the precision of days. The value ranges from 0 to 6. To adapt to Oracle syntax, the precision functions are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__la094cab712c64434b577c6f861a74a10"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610752">p</strong>: indicates the precision of seconds. The value ranges from 0 to 6. The digit 0 at the end of a decimal number is not displayed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a5076f94050784b8bb9b5d43606c6652f">16 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rc34a5cd761fa4728aae036a6a25dbc81"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a57e3616d61c0445c88d826d02005c160">INTERVAL [FIELDS] [ (p) ]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a72c7c556066b4e248b1919b993d6e19a">Specifies the time interval.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ueb1b92905e3c4d678563412368c787bb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__l3bc8bfe777e74ca7abe741d28b1981d0">fields: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610830">YEAR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610835">MONTH</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610839">DAY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610844">HOUR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610851">MINUTE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610857">SECOND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b8423527061097">DAY TO HOUR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610915">DAY TO MINUTE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610952">DAY TO SECOND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610114">HOUR TO MINUTE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101110">HOUR TO SECOND</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101116">MINUTE TO SECOND</strong>.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ucb39618990c949c7a286546f519c1480"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ldc189c68b5e44516a8be8b62ac8b9503"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610187">p</strong>: indicates the precision of seconds. The value ranges from 0 to 6. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101223">p</strong> takes effect only when fields are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101821">SECOND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101836">DAY TO SECOND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101851">HOUR TO SECOND</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706101856">MINUTE TO SECOND</strong>. The digit 0 at the end of a decimal number is not displayed.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1725da3c1b854183b1e49bdfefabebef">12 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row144417485416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.939999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p4445748144">reltime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.79%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p660982815360">Relative time interval. The format is:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p844554814414"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__i5411145151419">X</em> years <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__i17554175301414">X</em> months <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__i1925935731414">X</em> days <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__i1194218113158">XX:XX:XX</em></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ul26193620613"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__li56115362618">The Julian calendar is used. It specifies that a year has 365.25 days and a month has 30 days. The relative time interval needs to be calculated based on the input value. The output format is POSTGRES.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p344517481945">4 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a93b6871eb56941b48d05c8498532d0a5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__sfd6a93b8553c47ca81432df6ab995de7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span>
+<span class="normal">53</span>
+<span class="normal">54</span>
+<span class="normal">55</span>
+<span class="normal">56</span>
+<span class="normal">57</span>
+<span class="normal">58</span>
+<span class="normal">59</span>
+<span class="normal">60</span>
+<span class="normal">61</span>
+<span class="normal">62</span>
+<span class="normal">63</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12-10-2010'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">coll</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">da</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">without</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dai</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dfgh</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">without</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dfga</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vbg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">smalldatetime</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'21:21:21'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'21:21:21 pst'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2010-12-12'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2013-12-11 pst'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2003-04-12 04:05:06'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">da</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dai</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">dfgh</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">dfga</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">vbg</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-------------+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2013</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2003</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'3'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">year_type_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">year_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">year</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">year_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">year_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__s188b896036cd4d2a954226868f3b8808"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Date Input</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3656dccbfbd54059869e62232878230d">Date and time input is accepted in almost any reasonable formats, including ISO 8601, SQL-compatible, and traditional POSTGRES. The system allows you to customize the sequence of day, month, and year in the date input. Set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706102029">DateStyle</strong> parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706102037">MDY</strong> to select month-day-year interpretation, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706102047">DMY</strong> to select day-month-year interpretation, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706102052">YMD</strong> to select year-month-day interpretation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1e66988228d147faa86a9c042d0bbd81">Remember that any date or time literal input needs to be enclosed with single quotes, and the syntax is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae2a50b39a51e4c83ac279d142a66aad8">type [ ( p ) ] 'value'</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a956f816ed49e4c55aa9b431504600448">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__en-us_topic_0085032383_b84235270611438">p</strong> that can be selected in the precision statement is an integer, indicating the number of fractional digits in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__en-us_topic_0085032383_b842352706182648">seconds</strong> column. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__tc495b297873743f4b54c2a2dc171b42a">Table 2</a> shows some possible inputs for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__en-us_topic_0085032383_b842352706103752">date</strong> type.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__tc495b297873743f4b54c2a2dc171b42a"></a><a name="tc495b297873743f4b54c2a2dc171b42a"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__tc495b297873743f4b54c2a2dc171b42a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Date input</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r607aef13a09540f1861455cf0c740d73"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a95ca49a97455496fa4a4084a5462d867">Example</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ada364ba2373a4019b8ea80b435749530">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rb9d8c075d82c481c84eaf818757273d8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a46dddcadd16748fc98423710d1db4baf">1999-01-08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a159ad3e24f0245fdaae5ef348db30056">ISO 8601 (recommended format). January 8, 1999 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r3881cafc8ca54fe486a0fc1e8b81191c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a8fff7138af404746832a20d0c6672fed">January 8, 1999</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aaabce0c59b0c43ad91b4adb5570b8c2f">Unambiguous in any date input mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r2a7cccdf204d4d7a9afd20e0b6a783c3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a8726aa96d1dc4c139450808fede41c82">1/8/1999</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3d4ed2150f74481d83d3371c6f028d96">January 8 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104043">MDY</strong> mode. August 1 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104047">DMY</strong> mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ra5e8126b4dfa473eb58ead4d39e327ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad3bbeab3ec4345fab0aa329ec53c7ebf">1/18/1999</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a28d35f4980c945ffa82df1ce1d6f92ba">January 18 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104218">MDY</strong> mode, rejected in other modes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__re8dde9558e294847818fd4dd41a01c68"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ac50257995f4448e8b13bfe58a1de9ab8">01/02/03</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__u9add64db99534f94ba588e0b752c53ce"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__l23876616a8f14de597443b0b3d34abc7">January 2, 2003 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104338">MDY</strong> mode</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__l8f9394d3b7bd4d79a655f553049151c0">February 1, 2003 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104354">DMY</strong> mode</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__lbe8f8278b2584935b653682e267011bf">February 3, 2001 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270610444">YMD</strong> mode</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r77a25932c39a4ab7a422785d4e8e7ab8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af784bda05afe49c6bb8158077b66d054">1999-Jan-08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad5532e025e2b413b8ade7f93c7996a99">January 8 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r0a04c6cf6355481ab912305c4f216c63"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a0fd4d5e787bf472f82c1fc51520135b4">Jan-08-1999</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ab4a947090395452fa42936b1f951e0d1">January 8 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r3f088a6a902e4fff8c0473bba89b003c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__abba3e85cd4474f23b7fa99769c7af1b0">08-Jan-1999</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad5f581caabfb4470ace13186dd16b244">January 8 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r82c5bcc6f717476c9ab37fa7ccfbdf9c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae545d824031d491c88f8a158dcf978a0">99-Jan-08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a317098efdc8740e2bb754230f7f0cfab">January 8 in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104511">YMD</strong> mode, else error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r1d7b89f4b7de4da495fa87ceceaafd03"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a2e0f2c60c61a4b1d96e2b760fd6cea3c">08-Jan-99</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad9692dec4aea494c8a6e60c5aca7462a">January 8, except error in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706104550">YMD</strong> mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rb917dab3e60449a49b0f87d8a9ca2aec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ac0163acb23c14d24908ebbf91faea9fe">Jan-08-99</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a592782b201bf434495fe79e5cb65b8e4">January 8, except error in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b520560681">YMD</strong> mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rf997221348a64ebea10e0176118bd9b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__acc769e8427564bbca3aa961dc4061ba4">19990108</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aed74ab12ec584478aa528dd0e41a2724">ISO 8601. January 8, 1999 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rf741b39b1360416ea9fdca7e4874c107"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a87a5a4b202b6457f966787ab7c295aab">990108</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1ee3f470a1a945c4ad882f14a2c1142e">ISO 8601. January 8, 1999 in any mode</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r6483edd623b94d5b9af81c99ab13a476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4ef5821fd6a14652b61d41c727c0e1c5">1999.008</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a99b40689293e48e6a95da9f9ff22ea0d">Year and day of year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rcf5d0c8486fa48daa53bef5ddbc42431"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a24e8712a670d447b8214ace69f954153">J2451187</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a177fc18f9beb4c7db7844199efac5558">Julian date</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r61aa64e875bb46aaa92ccc317f59632e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.62%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a113ee4e002044f52b278e604cd95ca80">January 8, 99 BC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.38%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a650efbac5c644a5b89f782bd71fdb3c1">Year 99 BC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad0bfd309f1f646dda18219d15d81e8bc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__s48d52b85ee0246afb671fbf843251f99"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12-10-2010'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">coll</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View the date format:</span>
+<span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datestyle</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DateStyle</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ISO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MDY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Configure the date format:</span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datestyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'YMD'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-12-11'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">coll</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__s8fb08b8fffd6456c9ef8b2054c933223"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Times</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4ff50eb675f3413181f8cecb6f7619df">The time-of-day types are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b84235270614148">TIME [(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE]</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706141425">TIME [(p)] [WITH TIME ZONE]</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706141618">TIME</strong> alone is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b842352706141624">TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a45c965abc31a41cbb6005a66b0d1e2a4">If a time zone is specified in the input for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__en-us_topic_0085032383_b842352706142450">TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE</strong>, it is silently ignored.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a27c9f34c42ef4160bf41d6cef09e1838">For details about the time input types, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t24429c065d474feba61c1b0e490f9dac">Table 3</a>. For details about time zone input types, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t63d0318275dc486081a76f7677ab0a5f">Table 4</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t24429c065d474feba61c1b0e490f9dac"></a><a name="t24429c065d474feba61c1b0e490f9dac"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t24429c065d474feba61c1b0e490f9dac" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Time input</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r43f631932e7e4450a1378a83f53db662"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ac811369e35d540caa2a3f3abe8353323">Example</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ac4ddb247f850496ebd387f6de60b19c3">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ra44d66b60bc6481fa871f239484b0023"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a65207ac4d8c74dc8bc388924284dd427">05:06.8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad0b51170be864984b341ed049b87428e">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rade58da5b1b24e3ba446161d798057f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a99e0783971874dbe94ad2eb62db0fc5d">4:05:06</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aa5d6dc8e5e8943a0b2dcb48a1117444a">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rd0439b8acc4943748c83b77fe7757c35"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a8b41fc8083bf483c9e00cf37683e89d1">4:05</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a20b882ff63a0440faf2ed193925ffaf0">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r9064be6c24a242f59d08415d3ae1210c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a87265777154d4a339c618a1eca1b67b2">40506</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aef45827e53e24484bf85c2c11df578ab">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r25640f6dd7464e53a38bd2a435bba160"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a037d0d9b266d43578376b74c19214456">4:05 AM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aaba739f539d34762ac495b3560b4d2b8">Same as 04:05. AM does not affect value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r4aacbbf2d6fe4dcdb1e57c3f9287b457"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad3ce091a5e19486fb07d292988c6fd6b">4:05 PM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad102e37e9c6947079f3189930ca2ba67">Same as 16:05. Input hour must be &lt;= 12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r939a7a9ebbf84194b1dc535fcbe77ebd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af1cdd4d9e17c4a0eb65a4f1fd34b000f">04:05:06.789-8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae850dfa2a2634b668c3361e7bd7c4ac2">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r5a8747f12a714e64bfbd1b18c7abbef8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1e9d369959154a2f92d56bc995e08b21">04:05:06-08:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a491a98d3043045ddb98265231556a1c5">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rf65104a62fa849179046df84c23a4441"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af6daa6b5953b4b1988b04c6d870b3b37">04:05-08:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1e5042cdd8114a91815704500659a289">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rdce688076e974773bad797761393bd54"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af0526ec457d440ac9fae17cf69422f14">040506-08</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__afa879373bc4c4db4af022281e88687c8">ISO 8601</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r65f7b671916747cba855947d13050c5b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__acb7f8d15f5104388a49d4e78d0e688b9">04:05:06 PST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a64e07fb6d14948f383fb278c026d2cb3">Time zone specified by abbreviation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r2ba1f54bb486490ab4969fbf9d27ffd6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ab4dfd45d8f634f759d83930672bd8946">2003-04-12 04:05:06 America/New_York</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a0c53b870d14040d8828fd7830b2ac817">Time zone specified by full name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t63d0318275dc486081a76f7677ab0a5f"></a><a name="t63d0318275dc486081a76f7677ab0a5f"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t63d0318275dc486081a76f7677ab0a5f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>Time zone input</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r6e75bc425adc45959da9d99cca16cc31"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" id="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4a0019331cba4e3ea2e608232e425425">Example</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3de030ff79ea4e8a97be4e9f7ac0638a">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r82fe9c310f1e41dcb95203464953a53a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad9b61dee965c4406bd097c9090173223">PST</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad09487d909fe450289ec02af2fc40c92">Abbreviation (for Pacific Standard Time)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r4e9b271efb6a441abbab8fae12cc37a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad253fecdfa744f349ee29450e368a8b3">America/New_York</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4f17ebc4be74478db177382fc8ec402b">Full time zone name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r7b8ab2af05e942da8cbf0460aa8105dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a8c32567d40ee47cf8c0a6a8910da111e">-8:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af40d2d4502924dfe94a23902fce7db0f">ISO-8601 offset for PST</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rbac02667cb6840129bd2147c88ad1f23"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a814f6da5f75648f9a7812f90e13976e6">-800</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a5fedf5ea86bb4357be1be87cd16e1f33">ISO-8601 offset for PST</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r298a8fec6a3b41ccaa8f9c0d859a93c7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.98%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a6728d737b6304e93884c51104f960c3a">-8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.019999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a1d1c8d0548a041b98cfff5e36270b8ee">ISO-8601 offset for PST</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aa46f84718c25416883bd6d370af8c8b7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__sb21c72e822224418ab9e9e0252bde741"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'04:05:06'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'04:05:06 PST'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'04:05:06 PST'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">timetz</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__sb3c42bc431894c47abf347d34b8b8875"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Special Values</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ac6281164a5b04189bb20c5596349c14b">The special values supported by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__text1264066993">GaussDB(DWS)</span> are converted to common date/time values when being read. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t5e86ad23ea5649969935ea26bf746e0f">Table 5</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t5e86ad23ea5649969935ea26bf746e0f"></a><a name="t5e86ad23ea5649969935ea26bf746e0f"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__t5e86ad23ea5649969935ea26bf746e0f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>Special Values</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r8eb3b8545862414e9fd06e4650b36396"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aea30a13e092e41fa82b8eb17ceb85989">Input String</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" id="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae4aaf3bbb4a349c39e0e813af78b84e6">Applicable Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" id="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aeea1522191fb467aaa298a5994f2c9f8">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rd85ff95443594f3e9bd335deac142b0b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a65309b4be2c346a09d634420aa6cbe93">epoch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a419e9a58b4484bd297b28ef428abc3ee">date, timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a094645ffc34c4580bd89f37db4abfc44">1970-01-01 00:00:00+00 (Unix system time zero)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r3777412513df487da38fc5a957b86ab3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a073e3f0ce68d433a869ec886ddde69f6">infinity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__acfb62448b48d4926ab6f0de4833ccdae">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a46e3e12644d549099ad2cf43a026f795">Later than any other timestamps</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__rba4df475e2204eb59bcf1d31ca188b04"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad43c19bc996043cc9cbeaf0910f4956b">-infinity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a47920c23a1e24a4a85a37e4d1973be0b">timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a446dc0e9cb75439a86267d81c4348e09">Earlier than any other timestamps</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r8c7b92cc0dd84772b359d9e7de4c7a15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ae38dc71871b34be89f8de56db0926f85">now</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__af25fbb4a2b5846f6a734aedc4bb4b2ed">date, time, timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__ad528d8c0e66e46c8aa67fe3c24c6d60f">Start time of the current transaction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r3ea30f71f7e74a0797030ef394136de2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3d50a641ba9443b1ba9bf9a1adcca1e1">today</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__afb00c86797434d32a069b0450e6831fd">date, timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aea05483774d748879830fca54f99f9b9">Today midnight</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r5becda5349654571a95f75a4047d9049"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a0a49f3b53de24317b0d84b047e740add">tomorrow</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__acf98ab846d46408c877e86dd77f2e881">date, timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a69a7f97953f04cb8a5ca3fe23cd3a99f">Tomorrow midnight</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r4cbeae3d6bb5419ebe1bd84e6e3be068"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a4795583e96e646fdaf6977e9fe1e7786">yesterday</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a3103d9b2f3864331b71aaae62795ea35">date, timestamp</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__aaf16e65507674525a09a6069cc0d3a78">Yesterday midnight</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__r0e5830fd2ec04582b2e21fdbe121f7fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.599999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a89852e4de4574bd0892d2a44a70ee913">allballs</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.43%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__a71b18429feb64601a979d48fcc1d5fca">time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.96999999999999%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__accccb5a558fa448ebdf84483814d95ca">00:00:00.00 UTC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__section1947184682711"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Interval Input</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p11469124610274">The input of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__b68259310179">reltime</strong> can be any valid interval in TEXT format. It can be a number (negative numbers and decimals are also allowed) or a specific time, which must be in SQL standard format, ISO-8601 format, or POSTGRES format. In addition, the text input needs to be enclosed with single quotation marks ('').</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p246934613276">For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__table1747116463276">Table 6</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__table1747116463276"></a><a name="table1747116463276"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__table1747116463276" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>Interval input</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row146914611277"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.303030303030305%" id="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p174691446172714">Input</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.313131313131315%" id="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p446914682711">Output</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.38383838383839%" id="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p124691546122712">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row5469124611272"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.303030303030305%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p54699468271">60</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.313131313131315%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p34691946152712">2 mons</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="38.38383838383839%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p346964614279">Numbers are used to indicate intervals. The default unit is day. Decimals and negative numbers are also allowed. Particularly, a negative interval syntactically means how long before.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row14691346122719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1469174617276">31.25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1846924615270">1 mons 1 days 06:00:00</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row1246964617272"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p44699467271">-365</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p11469124612272">-12 mons -5 days</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row1146915468274"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.303030303030305%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p18469184618277">1 years 1 mons 8 days 12:00:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.313131313131315%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p20469446152719">1 years  1 mons 8 days 12:00:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="38.38383838383839%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1469174642719">Intervals are in POSTGRES format. They can contain both positive and negative numbers and are case-insensitive. Output is a simplified POSTGRES interval converted from the input.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row16469246112711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1646974672712">-13 months -10 hours</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1446914467279">-1 years -25 days -04:00:00</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row44691346132718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p0469446122718">-2 YEARS +5 MONTHS 10 DAYS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p1346974613278">-1 years -6 mons -25 days -06:00:00</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row14471144615278"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.303030303030305%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p5469144642716">P-1.1Y10M</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.313131313131315%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p104711946162714">-3 mons -5 days -06:00:00</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="38.38383838383839%" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p15471134610272">Intervals are in ISO-8601 format. They can contain both positive and negative numbers and are case-insensitive. Output is a simplified POSTGRES interval converted from the input.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p144711546152719"></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__row947114612716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p04717465272">-12H</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p947114611276">-12:00:00</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__p24711646162711">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150906__screen20914027202820"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table.</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Insert data.</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'90'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'90'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-366'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'-366'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1975.25'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1975.25'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-2 YEARS +5 MONTHS 10 DAYS'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'-2 YEARS +5 MONTHS 10 DAYS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'30 DAYS 12:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'30 DAYS 12:00:00'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'P-1.1Y10M'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'P-1.1Y10M'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data.</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">col1</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------+-------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1975</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">YEARS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MONTHS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DAYS</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">Y10M</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">366</span><span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="w">                             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DAYS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete tables.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reltime_type_tab</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0015.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0015.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Geometric Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a357a09c1a4eb49c7aa577f6187f01cc1"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__t6242ed1ede044daab7e8e566a9568667">Table 1</a> lists the geometric types that can be used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__text1750740401">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The most fundamental type, the point, forms the basis for all of the other types.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__t6242ed1ede044daab7e8e566a9568667"></a><a name="t6242ed1ede044daab7e8e566a9568667"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__t6242ed1ede044daab7e8e566a9568667" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Geometric Type</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ra143dca3ac9540828c4b225554c267e3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aa32aa94c6f9e498ca429088eb4ed6257">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aeedaf76112a24985abde084d265de644">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a61a9b718aa1b4d0b9b6a59deb6efeb41">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ac3610d5ad8dc40cd8252a532d41f3c5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b84235270616554">Representation</strong></p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__rec356482d46d4ed0b7dfc8e4107c282d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a48722f034a5b4921a94986be91962b48">point</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ae0b03e51a2e74cc9b4b9c4d93d652890">16 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a15cbd265159d431d8411124f18a86ec6">Point on a plane</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a48f8dd4e21ee47e487c031328134b8e9">(x,y)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__r001be08f7a754a05b7f09b612c786716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aa10e89373558465e8a308506d202c7e5">lseg</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a159fb64a87fe42539af3135650c8eec1">32 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__af1527ca3a76a42d393ca732cb8bcb4e4">Finite line segment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a82d20dca7934404d82d7c9954fa635f3">((x1,y1),(x2,y2))</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__r0cd5f2e451434fecb782b69d30328fe4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aa480ac5e083e410b9752629fb478ad46">box</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a65100758b58449eb9efdcd8237b9c8a5">32 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a9babcf26ab9a4a9aaf0b638f27abee9d">Rectangular Box</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a5ce06dcdbfc04aae844aa9a627d8906f">((x1,y1),(x2,y2))</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__r5da42dd4b0b34e97865c8e9bd1a172a1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a6607a416828142efbec5e6ba034ab2d3">path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a53127e45e01a4747a5e089f5fa531ebb">16+16n bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a56ca1408c8ae455298d758db3419fe4c">Closed path (similar to polygon)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ae2ad03ed4eb64021bdff889d4409ded7">((x1,y1),...)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__r8fe7a9d88a7f4fa2802d216352d0d40b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aa159b21adecd483ea7bae41ebf676e2b">path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a222ba5e59f6d403eb9bb6395daa27f31">16+16n bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aac55b94676b342afbfdb3041f60187d1">Open path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aaad95024a7af4c99a9dc1286b35aba98">[(x1,y1),...]</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__rbded6965f1aa44eea43505a8519acadd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ade6450e09ad44aa8944b380c226c10a3">polygon</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a9fb0d1b8a92c420ba8dc640df7ad2144">40+16n bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a9378a2b836614fa6807298738af20161">Polygon (similar to closed path)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__afbcc784a6f4b4bec872ff02c378dd33d">((x1,y1),...)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__r96b723b645c24ea38537d1e670f63cf8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.408759124087592%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__abf830ab27cf34dff87cedc0345aaaefb">circle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ab558ba016f1e414db1cd08a03c9d605e">24 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.15618438156184%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aa156090d76a74728b404567805d459cb">Circle</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.576842315768427%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__aac62086a5a5f466abf9591834505e1cd">&lt;(x,y),r&gt; (center point and radius)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a79b10eb4cba04900b105befd884325b5">A rich set of functions and operators is available in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__text1999782540">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to perform various geometric operations, such as scaling, translation, rotation, and determining intersections. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0037.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s0aaa0cf0880147a38952aa9aa2f6da99"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b84235270685248">Points</strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a653bbda6084048da96398241c984e92f">Points are the fundamental two-dimensional building block for geometric types. Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b84235270617916">point</strong> type are specified using either of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s1c07794b79a045069a3a96477077bb34">( x , y )
+x , y</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ad563b81fa7e146eda9dad4c2b7bbcade">where x and y are the respective coordinates, as floating-point numbers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a2390f2c3df1645258b5f37bb20618836">Points are output using the first syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s0388e9a207514f0a9e93cab35ceaec38"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b84235270685255">Line Segments</strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a27086174636c4171880e311a26c81387">Line segments (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b842352706171022">lseg</strong>) are represented by pairs of points. Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b842352706171059">lseg</strong> type are specified using any of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__sf6e9d0be257f4fb980b2a8bbc098b533">[ ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) ]
+( ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) )
+( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 )
+x1 , y1   ,   x2 , y2</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__abcd4ad5915af4f20b14efdc0272c7d99">where (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are the end points of the line segment.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__ac2ae4bba2da64c1a9f1d7d5d54da7ad3">Line segments are output using the first syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s085d89d46c1943e5b420d1a6d430bdad"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Rectangular Box</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a5f4dbbbf552249b69817eb05b19e282f">Boxes are represented by pairs of points that are opposite corners of the box. Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b1118999128">box</strong> type are specified using any of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s243a717af48a4a4688ff7f0e2ea81876">( ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) )
+( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 )
+x1 , y1   ,   x2 , y2</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a308ff030a8a5426ca23145e7225d4abd">where (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are any two opposite corners of the box.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__af22f2c82b2414f03a4f35a346f23b12f">Boxes are output using the second syntax.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__acea42faaad764ffdb4845ff5862a3ba4">Any two opposite corners can be supplied on input, but in this order, the values will be reordered as needed to store the upper right and lower left corners.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s3cff575387454e63a0a6352b9e8785d0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Path</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a0945e9970b3441a5832faa9727aaebab">Paths are represented by lists of connected points. Paths can be open, where the first and last points in the list are considered not connected, or closed, where the first and last points are considered connected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__af0d502f4f5cc42fe9b083f39c88f96a4">Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b83712629">path</strong> type are specified using any of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__safeef6e8180e4945bfaf1d90bfe96baa">[ ( x1 , y1 ) , ... , ( xn , yn ) ]
+( ( x1 , y1 ) , ... , ( xn , yn ) )
+( x1 , y1 ) , ... , ( xn , yn )
+( x1 , y1   , ... ,   xn , yn )
+x1 , y1   , ... ,   xn , yn</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a1fc522b84b684dd3be1d91a28480374f">where the points are the end points of the line segments comprising the path. Square brackets ([]) indicate an open path, while parentheses (()) indicate a closed path. When the outermost parentheses are omitted, as in the third through fifth syntaxes, a closed path is assumed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a0643d61dd48545b894ccabe276335616">Paths are output using the first or second syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s57080fc5624f4c9eba669d7a18e7ae6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b8423527069322">Polygons</strong></h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a162c65e991504cceadd2d5edc2f587e0">Polygons are represented by lists of points (the vertexes of the polygon). Polygons are very similar to closed paths, but are stored differently and have their own set of support functions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a14362732476140dfa54967b05fd87f2e">Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b485049852">polygon</strong> type are specified using any of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__sd35caa5e716349fa95bdd8bf47edc208">( ( x1 , y1 ) , ... , ( xn , yn ) )
+( x1 , y1 ) , ... , ( xn , yn )
+( x1 , y1   , ... ,   xn , yn )
+x1 , y1   , ... ,   xn , yn</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a7d7afec5e88245c2abe663da43fd0897">where the points are the end points of the line segments comprising the boundary of the polygon.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a3d0fe261d737488eb056572e2b81ddeb">Polygons are output using the first syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__s6e4a17afabf14734ad59a7b3d0113e09"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Circle</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a3aa92fccb90948d7a32413d933d43195">Circles are represented by a center point and radius. Values of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b1544145463">circle</strong> type are specified using any of the following syntaxes:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__se05f53e263d54f27a849757f7afa31ed">&lt; ( x , y ) , r &gt;
+( ( x , y ) , r )
+( x , y ) , r
+x , y   , r</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a5d80415102d54f2d953b9d5701ba16db">where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b842352706111634">(x,y)</strong> is the center point and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__b842352706111637">r</strong> is the radius of the circle.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510971__a8946b31a0ff74c57bf8ee3c6e482b458">Circles are output using the first syntax.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0016.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0016.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac9208a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0016.html
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Network Address Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a02dbb622c6974478aa90ffa2edceb873"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__text927379203">GaussDB(DWS)</span> offers data types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC addresses.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ad97f41ef54a74e7cb3c9ffa6e7fe1053">It is better to use network address types instead of plaintext types to store IPv4, IPv6, and MAC addresses, because these types offer input error checking and specialized operators and functions. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0038.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__tf15c83379d6d40ed9e7a46db54b835bb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Network Address Types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r2a4c76431beb4d2b98105a6a3692d247"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.247475252474754%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a6c153419b6544c7595ae2323cc8b485f">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.966703329667034%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a0e16f8dea73c46a0a47a970d8113e3ac">Storage Space</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.785821417858216%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ac4a9cc9b00284aa8970c9ea29aaf81f6">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r3ea8dabb60a24de29615d5d062bcaf67"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.247475252474754%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__acfd0ea3c6eb74cccadd48e3d1ae5d5e7">cidr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.966703329667034%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a4b848394b0be4769b0ac77b63624eb00">7 or 19 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.785821417858216%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a7c24bf754e6746d0ad5b0d4399c721df">IPv4 or IPv6 networks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__rce62f2075ed440c1ad91bcf3d27bd75f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.247475252474754%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aa29d410bc53546e099be9c537b7a1fdf">inet</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.966703329667034%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ac878ad8875b0477ab353c5241f066664">7 or 19 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.785821417858216%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a1f1356e96eb44553a6370f69839167ad">IPv4 or IPv6 hosts and networks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r2045fb24f7684c8bb4d5a1ace968e008"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.247475252474754%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__adebae43694534a50be0a3308b4b1d011">macaddr</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.966703329667034%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a4f50b2f62bb1405580fb7271e6594c5b">6 bytes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="41.785821417858216%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a5abeff293b624862927b7ba61df19907">MAC addresses</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aec82e1dbc53646debe7d1fefed5e181e">When sorting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270692438">inet</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270692444">cidr</strong> data types, IPv4 addresses will always sort before IPv6 addresses, including IPv4 addresses encapsulated or mapped to IPv6 addresses, such as ::10.2.3.4 or ::ffff:10.4.3.2.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__s1015eadf9fba4a289d2492c36b9b9287"><h4 class="sectiontitle">cidr</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a242fe1e9989346f298ae15047ff371bb">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270692639">cidr</strong> type (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) holds an IPv4 or IPv6 network specification. The format for specifying networks is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b8423527069280">address/y</strong> where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b8423527069286">address</strong> is the network represented as an IPv4 or IPv6 address, and y is the number of bits in the netmask. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270692936">y</strong> is omitted, it is calculated using assumptions from the older classful network numbering system, except it will be at least large enough to include all of the octets written in the input.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ul12944132024615"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__li13945202012467">Example 1: Convert a value in the CIDR format to an IP address segment.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__p821548104613"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__li13945202012467"></a><a name="li13945202012467"></a>For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b6742137183319">10.0.0.0/8</strong> is converted into a 32-bit binary address <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b15304101010332">00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b1699851883310">/8</strong> indicates an 8-bit network ID. The first eight bits of the 32-bit binary address are fixed. The corresponding network segment is 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000-00001010.11111111.11111111.11111111. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b10863151343614">10.0.0.0/8</strong> indicates that the subnet mask is 255.0.0.0 and the corresponding network segment is 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__li12449125410461">Example 2: Convert an IP address segment to the CIDR format.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__p116611510114711"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__li12449125410461"></a><a name="li12449125410461"></a>For the IP address segment <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b13581821143716">192.168.0.0–192.168.31.255</strong>, the last two segments can be converted into a binary address <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b354949194410">00000000.00000000-00011111.11111111</strong>. The first 19 bits (8 x 2 + 3) are fixed. Therefore, the binary address is 192.168.0.0/19.</p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__tf35133551efa4f4b921bc508402f61b9" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b842352706104343">cidr</strong> type input examples</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r72f31ddd8d864e8b83af712dabe4c0d9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aba406b888cea4b818e169ad5dc81a2ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270610448">cidr</strong> Input</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__abea9e4af1be3455eaab8ae200411ae7f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b842352706104420">cidr</strong> Output</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a62f2c69e55eb4e19acd8a5cc706d1be5">abbrev (cidr)</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r8909e0554f914bd2965e62f8bbaf82ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a4e506a59c3e1483a8eb42881979f5adb">192.168.100.128/25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__acbb92981231a4f0e95d9546b489bb2de">192.168.100.128/25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a69b6a80775b346d1ae0b82cfe52cc595">192.168.100.128/25</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__rfa3b3c9fdce84dcd991ae8e9e91c51e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a9b54a2a9a52b4d2fb146ba388e12bb82">192.168/24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a5c322ca922024ae7aff82b7a987b24a6">192.168.0.0/24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a5de1647b6bd6480b89d7387fb3dc920d">192.168.0/24</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r55a882080ad24dd8beb35c2ae4445cb5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a641d8558904f48799e3a668493b1cf9b">192.168/25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aeca24e017a924bc5a1b12bc9b02b0b87">192.168.0.0/25</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a039566b974a04a3e90b6f9e33498ef36">192.168.0.0/25</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__rea820ffa5b464d6e8b81757dd1d58289"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ac142ed6795f24d388d1033debe557499">192.168.1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ae5e26f07ca5d4ab7811f3ccf9c04f9ee">192.168.1.0/24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a7cac72306d8a40baad5f32f693ac009d">192.168.1/24</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r7407bd7fab1c4ff3af01fce05cee8fdb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__accfcc7e4d729406381aae09091e3cc83">192.168</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a7dc76a8fb3844748861741d567fd407d">192.168.0.0/24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a69e7428d82384ad681a905e105a47fcf">192.168.0/24</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__rdd0a196fcdd845939fe95caec495ddd6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a724bd81122364761a3b7940ec2afdade">10.1.2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aef0b48db22164b838e5f763f208ce656">10.1.2.0/24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a8189c9e1023044c9bf42a484a56844da">10.1.2/24</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r7cb71bb3745d4f3d93ca3dfe258fcd69"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a1d747c14c97a45e19be004054b5f1198">10.1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__afe7a413e040e446b936adc66b17ae9b9">10.1.0.0/16</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a587299518729488798bf29ab64c291c1">10.1/16</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r4169defbb37644dd9e9c45b766a6edfa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a040667ac0e9b44f3bd4b65bcb3db4e88">10</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__af21ad60935a747d4b07a519dc033f229">10.0.0.0/8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a0a67612cdd9541c4a6997bf09c5a74f5">10/8</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r7db8ee2a923c4ad98b2f2be57b6ab05d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a5442730d8ff644239594e7376146478c">10.1.2.3/32</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a3d1e11335de44ad0858f8b1c53850424">10.1.2.3/32</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__af37fcbfb432443d6a2be2d7a2016408c">10.1.2.3/32</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__rbd5e4d59909f4b5f9518a5967c976791"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__abeb4d57c5ca141438b68b216426c9974">2001:4f8:3:ba::/64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a478b2d7fa2ec4fcea6b67e4331aa277e">2001:4f8:3:ba::/64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aabfe46349c914828b6bb8ce0d03e2a23">2001:4f8:3:ba::/64</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__ra441401527234a36968d729e6d25627b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a50669b8404bf4e2897d8f7697d948a36">2001:4f8:3:ba:2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1/128</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a6a101cc6b4a9440bbb4b5a7670cc2f0d">2001:4f8:3:ba:2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1/128</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a050503dc4d0149c38db78836490aece4">2001:4f8:3:ba:2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r1a0b1958f02947268d188ae224cfa7d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a641cead38738404b90b6b861d7401f1d">::ffff:1.2.3.0/120</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aebe3528d07c24a5db74f26f363be591a">::ffff:1.2.3.0/120</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a4aba6abb26bd49ae8c8390ca2346a584">::ffff:1.2.3/120</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__r8f1b83115aca483e847e54e50a5549b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a0a263428bc6442048a492b2b3c2b788a">::ffff:1.2.3.0/128</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__acc30da7b2fcb4870a0483996ce5bb212">::ffff:1.2.3.0/128</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.5.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a6efcae6eaa304249869d4dee472d447a">::ffff:1.2.3.0/128</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__s87b1cb4d5afb419496070f24cac7929b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">inet</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a2af3d7c2ed9e4d2d91cadd1d0fc2e702">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693328">inet</strong> type holds an IPv4 or IPv6 host address, and optionally its subnet, all in one field. The subnet is represented by the number of network address bits present in the host address (the "netmask"). If the netmask is 32 and the address is IPv4, then the value does not indicate a subnet, only a single host. In IPv6, the address length is 128 bits, so 128 bits specify a unique host address.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a46f0321ae91e4332926222d616ac3c00">The input format for this type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693622">address/y</strong> where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693629">address</strong> is an IPv4 or IPv6 address and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693650">y</strong> is the number of bits in the netmask. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693749">/y</strong> portion is missing, the netmask is 32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6, so the value represents just a single host. On display, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693827">/y</strong> portion is suppressed if the netmask specifies a single host.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a472cc4c3aa5b470ba9c6e435b2b3a078">The essential difference between the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693948">inet</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270693958">cidr</strong> data types is that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270694041">inet</strong> accepts values with nonzero bits to the right of the netmask, whereas <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270694136">cidr</strong> does not.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__s1731e84e30c9450e8549fa9f5cf9ebaa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">macaddr</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__a598c2a7e20df4101b758497ecbb1aac0">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__b84235270615525">macaddr</strong> type stores MAC addresses, known for example from Ethernet card hardware addresses (although MAC addresses are used for other purposes as well). Input is accepted in the following formats:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__s4d2fd9fd9417401d86c86bcf4f073735">'08:00:2b:01:02:03'
+'08-00-2b-01-02-03'
+'08002b:010203'
+'08002b-010203'
+'0800.2b01.0203'
+'08002b010203'</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830827__aa0ee5b7a8ce14f57bd4d51c7768970bc">These examples would all specify the same address. Upper and lower cases are accepted for the digits a through f. Output is always in the first of the forms shown.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0017.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0017.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d49f635d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0017.html
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Bit String Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__a9868628d91ca44e5b3644935d31f5e05">Bit strings are strings of 1's and 0's. They can be used to store bit masks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__af997b2014ffd47209add46388ae97ea6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__text1670543084">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports two SQL bit types: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__en-us_topic_0058965598_b842352706103333">bit(n)</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__en-us_topic_0058965598_b842352706103341">bit varying(n)</strong>, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__en-us_topic_0058965598_b842352706103347">n</strong> is a positive integer.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__abbbd734c9e564b3cac9a092ed8c395fe">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__en-us_topic_0085032598_b842352706103439">bit</strong> type data must match the length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__en-us_topic_0085032598_b842352706103446">n</strong> exactly. It is an error to attempt to store shorter or longer bit strings. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104137">bit varying</strong> data is of variable length up to the maximum length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104214">n</strong>; longer strings will be rejected. Writing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104248">bit</strong> without a length is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104310">bit(1)</strong>, while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104328">bit varying</strong> without a length specification means unlimited length.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__n48cf2cb5f53046888aed0b5cb02c0cfb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__ab9da60b095364e7bbcc373593e76dd4a">If one explicitly casts a bit-string value to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b84235270610454">bit(n)</strong>, it will be truncated or zero-padded on the right to be exactly <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104549">n</strong> bits, without raising an error.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__a4a4d092fba8f48e58425d0e791330379">Similarly, if one explicitly casts a bit-string value to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104630">bit varying(n)</strong>, it will be truncated on the right if it is more than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__b842352706104643">n</strong> bits.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830934__s43130560ca6646d1b4ccca311a14e85b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BT_COL3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARYING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'101'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'00'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Specify the type length. An error is reported if an inserted string exceeds this length.</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'101'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">does</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">match</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">CONTEXT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">referenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col2</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Specify the type length. Data is converted if it exceeds this length.</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'101'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- View data:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bt_col3</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the tables:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_type_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0018.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0018.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0018.html
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Text Search Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__en-us_topic_0059778491_p12917462412"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__text21037665">GaussDB(DWS)</span> offers two data types that are designed to support full text search. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105537">tsvector</strong> type represents a document in a form optimized for text search. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105550">tsquery</strong> type similarly represents a text query.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s934d4044f26b4b9fa4db5ac289b9c466"><h4 class="sectiontitle">tsvector</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a5f9226b2714749de9c5e3dd45d30f6c7">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706171938">tsvector</strong> type represents a retrieval unit, usually a textual column within a row of a database table, or a combination of such columns. A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706171945">tsvector</strong> value is a sorted list of distinct lexemes, which are words that have been normalized to merge different variants of the same word. Sorting and deduplication are done automatically during input. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706171943">to_tsvector</strong> function is used to parse and normalize a document string. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706145110">to_tsvector</strong> function is used to parse and normalize a document string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__abca4697680574757824dae1271251914">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270695732">tsvector</strong> value is a sorted list of distinct lexemes, which are words that have been formatted different entries. During segmentation, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b827999040112318">tsvector</strong> automatically performs duplicate-elimination to the entries for input in a certain order. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s163472b7c9fc4c13b9f3de46840fd980"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a fat cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'and'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ate'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'mat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__aea15b3305e6f48a184771553a58eae28">It can be seen from the preceding example that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706144036">tsvector</strong> segments a string by spaces, and segmented lexemes are sorted based on their length and alphabetical order. To represent lexemes containing whitespace or punctuation, surround them with quotes:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s37912316ffa64388882892627bc23e71"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexeme</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'    '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spaces$$</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">                  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'    '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'contains'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'lexeme'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spaces'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'the'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__ae3aded2c01f34669865288ed00ee4e69">Use double dollar signs ($$) to mark entries containing single quotation marks (').</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__sd430895458d7429aac354e1b769cfab7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexeme</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Joe''s'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote$$</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">                    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Joe''s'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'contains'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'lexeme'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'quote'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'the'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a82c16692ac634f2ab4af6d0fa2710f4d">Optionally, integer positions can be attached to lexemes:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s4560451dd4774fc89c384301474af404"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a:1 fat:2 cat:3 sat:4 on:5 a:6 mat:7 and:8 ate:9 a:10 fat:11 rat:12'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                   </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">                                    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'and'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ate'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'mat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a73595bf795fc44528c809dc2b75211a9">A position normally indicates the source word's location in the document. Positional information can be used for proximity ranking. Position values range from 1 to 16383. The default maximum value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706121150">16383</strong>. Duplicate positions for the same lexeme are discarded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a7fad5312f07949a2ad871e29422832f1">Lexemes that have positions can further be labeled with a weight, which can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615818">A</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615824">B</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615828">C</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615833">D</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615855">D</strong> is the default and hence is not shown on output:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s49341942863b400982ac56cc882e113b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a:1A fat:2B,4C cat:5D'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a80f4562c9ae64b06ad6fe4c9301e6085">Weights are typically used to reflect document structure, for example, by marking title words differently from body words. Text search ranking functions can assign different priorities to the different weight markers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a7e580ea03b1c44cab3667f4cec7af872">The following example is the standard usage of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706151219">tsvector</strong> type. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s399a4bde2bb840679b2545260f1636b1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat Rats'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Rats'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a8764cd7ea61646fe9488855d0dc12a9e">For most English-text-searching applications the above words would be considered non-normalized, which should usually be passed through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615147">to_tsvector</strong> to normalize the words appropriately for searching:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__scbef51dc5bfc4a79b8ed056ad50c7383"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s6fcc1326c15e422d8b40cce6e014b079"><h4 class="sectiontitle">tsquery</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a1eae6fa57f8b4287b8b50f337778c838">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706151617">tsquery</strong> type represents a retrieval condition. A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105217">tsquery</strong> value stores lexemes that are to be searched for, and combines them honoring the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706151942">Boolean</strong> operators <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270610536">&amp; (AND)</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105313">| (OR)</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105322">! (NOT)</strong>. Parentheses can be used to enforce grouping of the operators. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706152646">to_tsquery</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706152652">plainto_tsquery</strong> functions will normalize lexemes before the lexemes are converted to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270615297">tsquery</strong> type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s272692d6effe4bba892214a8ece2bb12"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; (rat | cat)'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; rat &amp; ! cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a46b2546b37344689b0a34002ff851c27">In the absence of parentheses, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105648">! (NOT)</strong> binds most tightly, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270610575">&amp; (AND)</strong> binds more tightly than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706105718">| (OR)</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__ad5017f8edef84cc7a0bb6723f03b070d">Lexemes in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b8423527061112">tsquery</strong> can be labeled with one or more weight letters, which restrict them to match only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270611125">tsvector</strong> lexemes with matching weights:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__sa7350eca12d84d1c9757227067c8c35b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat:ab &amp; cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">AB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a46a8188f3d3d4a49b0c3a26b549decfe">Also, lexemes in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706153059">tsquery</strong> can be labeled with * to specify prefix matching:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__sf2849e95604545ffb32b0f38346773a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'super:*'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'super'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__ae43251c3fc864fefbec4064e4abb1af5">This query will match any word in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270611250">tsvector</strong> that begins with "super".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a82f8139b7a474aec821e45a8123a01b4">Note that prefixes are first processed by text search configurations, which means the following example returns true:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__scdeff722dc34447792615c72ab866ee9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'postgraduate'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'postgres:*'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a997256c4bc294a419fcf011598d9e8cc">because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270611436">postgres</strong> gets stemmed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270611443">postgr</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__s0b577b1c97494a26a5e57754035d2b42"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'postgres:*'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'postgr'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__a7b9f4d0ca43c4f099ea49cad334c47ad">which then matches <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b84235270611512">postgraduate</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__aa468b02083b146ffbef66f11ede11df6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706153241">'Fat:ab &amp; Cats'</strong> is normalized to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__b842352706153349">tsquery</strong> type as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990762__sfd4d8eeedbf74aa48b20366d61b9d868"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Fat:ab &amp; Cats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">AB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0019.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0019.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb4a20d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0019.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UUID Type</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__en-us_topic_0059778995_p167785894112">The data type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__b842352706154317">UUID</strong> stores Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID) as defined by RFC 4122, ISO/IEF 9834-8:2005, and related standards. This identifier is a 128-bit quantity that is generated by an algorithm chosen to make it very unlikely that the same identifier will be generated by anyone else in the known universe using the same algorithm.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__abdba9127d9a845d9b38f7a9e1975d48d">Therefore, for distributed systems, these identifiers provide a better uniqueness guarantee than sequence generators, which are only unique within a single database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__a8fd4e97cca994f21821f73d202e49bbc">A UUID is written as a sequence of lower-case hexadecimal digits, in several groups separated by hyphens, specifically a group of 8 digits followed by three groups of 4 digits followed by a group of 12 digits, for a total of 32 digits representing the 128 bits. An example of a UUID in this standard form is:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__s8b658fa9b3d4425d9312f887345e3c3a">a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__afe10b227d53f425cadbd9262ee5d632a"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__text1195885275">GaussDB(DWS)</span> also accepts the following alternative forms for input: use of upper-case letters and digits, the standard format surrounded by braces, omitting some or all hyphens, and adding a hyphen after any group of four digits. Examples</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__s2a74723d06be4e32b4deb75ba488e932">A0EEBC99-9C0B-4EF8-BB6D-6BB9BD380A11
+{a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11}
+a0eebc999c0b4ef8bb6d6bb9bd380a11
+a0ee-bc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9-bd38-0a11</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990934__acfc93d3c0cc64d3eb01df98739c71931">Output is always in the standard form.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0020.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0020.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8297aab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0020.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710741"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710741"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JSON Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710741__a159720309eac4e92927bd807af15e173">JSON data types are for storing JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data. Such data can also be stored as TEXT, but the JSON data type has the advantage of checking that each stored value is a valid JSON value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710741__af613af77f7ff46809b62f9c4c454d167">For functions that support the JSON data type, see <a href="dws_06_0041.html">JSON Functions</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0021.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0021.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fffc972a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0021.html
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">HLL Data Types</h1>
+<div id="body1551855680017"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p266653594010">HyperLoglog (HLL) is an approximation algorithm for efficiently counting the number of distinct values in a data set. It features faster computing and lower space usage. You only need to store HLL data structures, instead of data sets. When new data is added to a data set, make hash calculation on the data and insert the result to an HLL. Then, you can obtain the final result based on the HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p6598153041113"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table55621821164213">Table 1</a> compares HLL with other algorithms.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table55621821164213"></a><a name="table55621821164213"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table55621821164213" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Comparison between HLL and other algorithms</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row145621215428"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1956242111428">Item</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p9562102104217">Sorting Algorithm</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p135625217421">Hash Algorithm</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p2562192111427">HLL</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row1562321194214"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p556217217422">Time complexity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p55621321114210">O(nlogn)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1556272113423">O(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p95621821184211">O(n)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row356262120427"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p16562142124210">Space complexity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1056282119429">O(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p956202117427">O(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p18562102134215">1280 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row195621221144216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p92131078457">Error rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p16562102117426">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p956242112421">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1956212124216">≈2%</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row156262112426"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p20562182184218">Storage space requirement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p15624217424">Size of raw data</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p185621621174219">Size of raw data</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1656252110421">1280 bytes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p3344104752112">HLL has advantages over others in the computing speed and storage space requirement. In terms of time complexity, the sorting algorithm needs O(nlogn) time for sorting, and the hash algorithm and HLL need O(n) time for full table scanning. In terms of storage space requirements, the sorting algorithm and hash algorithm need to store raw data before collecting statistics, whereas the HLL algorithm needs to store only the HLL data structures rather than the raw data, and thereby occupying a fixed space of only 1280 bytes.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__n6bfc41774162422eb8183f6b4a5b4818"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__u27ce3b8d19d748d1961323e8fe0964bd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li209183912584">In default specifications, the maximum number of distinct values is 1.6e plus 12, and the maximum error rate is only 2.3%. If a calculation result exceeds the maximum number, the error rate of the calculation result will increase, or the calculation will fail and an error will be reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__lc3209e54c0394ba3b30764f3cf066eaf">When using this feature for the first time, you need to evaluate the distinct values of the service, properly select configuration parameters, and perform verification to ensure that the accuracy meets requirements.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__ul47111736112220"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li289333120229">When default parameter configuration is used, the calculated number of distinct values is 1.6e plus 12. If the calculated result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__b638973412437">NaN</strong>, you need to adjust <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__b8851201114415">log2m</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__b5600161684411">regwidth</strong> to accommodate more distinct values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li20894183142217">The hash algorithm has an extremely low probability of collision. However, you are still advised to select 2 or 3 hash seeds for verification when using the hash algorithm for the first time. If there is only a small difference between the distinct values, you can select any one of the seeds as the hash seed.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p5743051103"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table18186113885012">Table 2</a> describes main HLL data structures.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table18186113885012"></a><a name="table18186113885012"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__table18186113885012" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Main HLL data structures</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row161861538145014"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.28%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p17186123895020">Data Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="74.72%" id="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p01861938115013">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__row4186133819508"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.28%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p19186153811502">hll</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="74.72%" headers="mcps1.3.7.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p818613818508">Its size is always 1280 bytes, which can be directly used to calculate the number of distinct values.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p21722020113412">The following describes HLL application scenarios.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__ul143551137205619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li153551037145613">Scenario 1: "Hello World"<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p9331212526"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li153551037145613"></a><a name="li153551037145613"></a>The following example shows how to use the HLL data type:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__screen193317121820"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table with the HLL data type:</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">helloworld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Insert an empty HLL to the table:</span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">helloworld</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Add a hashed integer to the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">helloworld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12345</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Add a hashed string to the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">helloworld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Obtain the number of distinct values of the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">helloworld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li497114252418">Scenario 2: Collect statistics about website visitors.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p1717142015510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li497114252418"></a><a name="li497114252418"></a>The following example shows how an HLL collects statistics on the number of users visiting a website within a period of time:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__screen3548114817504"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span>
+<span class="normal">53</span>
+<span class="normal">54</span>
+<span class="normal">55</span>
+<span class="normal">56</span>
+<span class="normal">57</span>
+<span class="normal">58</span>
+<span class="normal">59</span>
+<span class="normal">60</span>
+<span class="normal">61</span>
+<span class="normal">62</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a raw data table to show that a user has visited the website at a certain time:</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Construct data to show the users who have visited the website in a day:</span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-20'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-21'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-22'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-23'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">400</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-24'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-25'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-26'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">700</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-02-27'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">800</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Create another table and specify an HLL column:</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">daily_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="n">hll</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Group data by date and insert the data into the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">daily_uniques</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">facts</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Calculate the numbers of users visiting the website every day:</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">daily_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------+------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">203</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">813355588808</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">308</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">048239950384</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">410</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">529188080374</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">513</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">263875705319</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">609</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">271181107416</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">702</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">941844662509</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">792</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">249946595237</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Calculate the number of users who had visited the website in the week from February 20, 2019 to February 26, 2019:</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_union_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">daily_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-02-20'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2019-02-26'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">702</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">941844662509</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-- Calculate the number of users who had visited the website yesterday but have not visited the website today:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">#</span><span class="n">hll_union_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">two_days</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lost_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">daily_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINDOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">two_days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRECEDING</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">                                                                                                             </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lost_uniques</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------+--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li1661310292473">Scenario 3: The data to be inserted does not meet the requirements of the HLL data structure.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__p202761759184812"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__li1661310292473"></a><a name="li1661310292473"></a>When inserting data into a column of the HLL type, ensure that the data meets the requirements of the HLL data structure. If the data does not meet the requirements after being parsed, an error will be reported. In the following example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__b17128184414816">E\\1234</strong> to be inserted does not meet the requirements of the HLL data structure after being parsed. As a result, an error is reported.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150838__screen1876213119495"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'E\\1234'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">unknown</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0022.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0022.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Object Identifier Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ad83c6d3338f543f7affe58cce4b9f41c">Object identifiers (OIDs) are used internally by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__text1792664188">GaussDB(DWS)</span> as primary keys for various system catalogs. OIDs are not added to user-created tables by the system. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__en-us_topic_0085032765_b842352706163522">OID</strong> type represents an object identifier.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aada1201cd1ae40c08c3f0a574e7cf483">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b842352706163620">OID</strong> type is currently implemented as an unsigned four-byte integer. So, using a user-created table's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b84235270616390">OID</strong> column as a primary key is discouraged.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__t41f1cbb99ef34950a3f20614361b7e00" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Object identifier types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__rdbebcf03742945de9176b9d12651a2bd"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a0919d19750cc44b496b8b515166363d8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b84235270691445">Name</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a27cf9bc5dc01444ab4155280410c774c">Reference</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a1d1c57d75cb346ff91676f32037ac53d">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a43b8edae6f2f4e1aa150389cc1df4d1f">Examples</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r300a8955641e4bd49b88b6b72f6304e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a1fefd115233a40a097739890a6fcd4cd">OID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a62115378f8a74d2abc6d98601de55253">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__af99365917fef4f12ab7f92a9ec6be2fe">Numeric object identifier</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a57a57096b53742ee8080794f6d8693a3">564182</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r64d5ff56432540b3a94f55c5d84b6bb1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a33a7f7e3055f463393ac27637a0fb40d">CID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ab474cfe4eade47d08c4bc8877dbe1b34">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a03bb074a68464ca1a76719693c4d0271">A command identifier. This is the data type of the system columns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b842352706172452">cmin</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b84235270617251">cmax</strong>. Command identifiers are 32-bit quantities.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ae8f970773f5f462983d7bdb42aa1459e">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r52188331bc5b41b48bcec45583a81f77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a6c9db0c6386840709c6a8a4ad54c48da">XID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__add7ccd42ab9745d18defec3c21540ca5">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a987dd192432a414fb2b49fd1645a8cfb">A transaction identifier. This is the data type of the system columns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b2012772319">xmin</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b597865314">xmax</strong>. Transaction identifiers are also 32-bit quantities.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a66e3e508580e4c13ac29d620556b38b9">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__rdcec025896f24455a4f82b626cf5d58d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a89d020cbd02d4e5d8373fc596a332e22">TID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ae80ca080a0a74b01880ed8d2b4296c6b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a1e118c195cfb4e57ad3fd2f01bb7d44e">A row identifier. This is the data type of the system column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b791894348">ctid</strong>. A row ID is a pair (block number, tuple index within block) that identifies the physical location of the row within its table.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a8ea0da0e0e4c42209e818e33eb875755">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r9a55ccff2c774c5f8a96e157c77a6958"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aee11b77014db4c9aa19f16475fef4e71">REGCONFIG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aa83da90b6da14c93bf45c45e8f06ef0a">pg_ts_config</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aa58c0fe58d684547ace7dafff75023e7">Text search configuration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ac7651d9608174c5d980a3238ca482986">english</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__rdc25f2ec7d4748619d8e0ff4e41d59ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ac0cb3bc06e5440bd9a7e26df69ee7761">REGDICTIONARY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a9e36526cec2c40faad2670138879a4d3">pg_ts_dict</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a01c9a299a6c2499e9c18a3e5b7affe00">Text search dictionary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a941ae1ab2f904ebc9532f630ae307d0e">simple</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r1eca3ec2399f4d1cb9dfc7cb4a33b373"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aca10d776a1bb435a849eca85bfaf33fa">REGOPER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ada41b457e6e440388014eb6f2cb4df44">pg_operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a035d4ea4d2ab4fcb8e3aed5fdc2c193c">Operator name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ab0bae1199dff46c4bbfd157378e4ca2d">+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__rbb72d09b193e4ddda11cb377a7b9f196"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a158768bfeedd45f288bb6126c953b5dd">REGOPERATOR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ad5b0a9ef0ccd436b97ede4aacab2aad5">pg_operator</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a5c077c280d1546afbc7e28eea7374ff5">Operator with argument types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ab0986c3ea6ce4643b856dcf83185d5a1">*(integer,integer) or -(NONE,integer)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r42e8ab3a9d784942943839e70ba80a9d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a322fadb574e84a99be1ca5ea53de8f3f">REGPROC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a087ed67b7e3b4f3abc2967f1495a2df6">pg_proc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a09ee5df49a6e41dd90c159f251c5e8a1">Indicates the name of the function.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a2875c0f3db22412a99ad3ba5f60c9c7c">sum</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r6b051e27079c4e85ae7d21b0a47ff7b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a5dd0430b1d8442ce99b4cea8ce8f2ace">REGPROCEDURE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a05e3462db22043cb8ecf11a89311195f">pg_proc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__accb4d9cbfb324b80aee6623be56f1d13">Function with argument types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a53eb79fa8dbb42e0a0707954cc4fcf3a">sum(int4)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__rb6efc0788def4323996ef8fe55a75af8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ac6a306c037304f119a07ea88a421816d">REGCLASS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a512127cf85a5407291e129e4508b17b3">pg_class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a597aaedf07244b98b69aceb86ba86d35">Relation name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a7f442f67570345faa002ba1a009bdc0f">pg_type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__r6ee7f8448a704099ae1dc4344ae99d42"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a9868dc3680bc4b36a6befa9accc05b9f">REGTYPE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ab6e0ccfee47e4dbfb2899cd89e016c71">pg_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a898e3b38fde44193be69697cbb2df775">Data type name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a4ed6af6d1ff74294869efa3f478f34aa">integer</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__aa30586c4997f4c5cb480fcbab7eadca3">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b84235270694847">OID</strong> type is used for a column in the database system catalog.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a351a09f17d7c45a292c088101ac40c85">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__s06f234fac4e64c6992f32c1e8037666d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pg_type'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__a7be2366ff23446cd87c707cef391ec19">The alias type for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b842352706172813">OID</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b842352706172836">REGCLASS</strong> which allows simplified search for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__b8423527068581">OID</strong> values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__ab16dc3a1e0654e76bce85c367c8ee2e3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710701__s055f0ee6da0a4c0589aa0a2efd6d724d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attrelid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">attname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">atttypid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">attstattarget</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_attribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attrelid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pg_type'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">REGCLASS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attrelid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">attname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">atttypid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attstattarget</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------+------------+----------+---------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xc_node_id</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tableoid</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmax</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmax</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmin</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmin</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ctid</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typname</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typnamespace</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typowner</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typlen</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typbyval</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typtype</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typcategory</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typispreferred</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typisdefined</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typdelim</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typrelid</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typelem</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typarray</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typinput</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typoutput</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typreceive</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typsend</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typmodin</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typmodout</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typanalyze</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typalign</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typstorage</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typnotnull</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typbasetype</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typtypmod</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typndims</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typcollation</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typdefaultbin</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">194</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typdefault</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1247</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typacl</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1034</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0023.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0023.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d30d72ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0023.html
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Pseudo-Types</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a7aa1d2ab1dc5463abb6a899c1955840f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__text1401858424">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has a number of special-purpose entries that are collectively called pseudo-types. A pseudo-type cannot be used as a column data type, but it can be used to declare a function's argument or result type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__aa897ae53aced4f48b83e4d0dbcf97154">Each of the available pseudo-types is useful in situations where a function's behavior does not correspond to simply taking or returning a value of a specific SQL data type. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__t6c556c1e17d64480875dad682fb109b4">Table 1</a> lists all pseudo-types.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__t6c556c1e17d64480875dad682fb109b4"></a><a name="t6c556c1e17d64480875dad682fb109b4"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__t6c556c1e17d64480875dad682fb109b4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Pseudo-Types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r427e8356718e4c37acb0203448065121"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__aed94175423ea498bbdcaec0ca11de458">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a3472729b422348dab17d8d8d0ea818dc">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__rfc71eb3593a24be59c513b2e40800ec1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a6b3aa1a02776481aa726ef1841feb5e7">any</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a061a42d621f24cd5b4dbbc06d6519432">Indicates that a function accepts any input data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r58824307782244d5af7694c1d5c3fe1d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a62a31151ffc34f5ca60ad4b6d908f768">anyelement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a73579d88cece4e2982dcbcf25437a589">Indicates that a function accepts any data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r706b8ff4b04c44a1824ba469e4322a45"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a0c78bd950a144a98aec962c2d1db3795">anyarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__aad018015a5a846e5b87208d84be2c0aa">Indicates that a function accepts any array data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r440fbb883298420fb53cfb15a7a270b4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a86cc76f763124535991920d4b868f3f1">anynonarray</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__afab009bc1fba4a78ac84542aa307429b">Indicates that a function accepts any non-array data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r0a6345de87994bca911cfb87160d6ac8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a135dd39886454dab9f9f4bba0ae322cc">anyenum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__abd848dcd0fe042afb03aca6838e91648">Indicates that a function accepts any enum data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r9c7d2e6646e443da878896ba91b9416f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__ab726d43b2d67482ba120ccf4964eab0b">anyrange</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a8afd44f1955342a09ff48768eb1a6007">Indicates that a function accepts any range data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__rd058bd28153740a8991395f7fad09fe7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a278afe83dcc344ba9c76820a178f6ae3">cstring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a7e80846276704dab9ea225fc1c5d04bb">Indicates that a function accepts or returns a null-terminated C string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r740e5d815d524fc898199e32d0b13563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__af49fdddb2d7644b89c20089264388234">internal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a9d015c617b5448eca31903b92a013ce4">Indicates that a function accepts or returns a server-internal data type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r9044bf19910146d18b228e5eee3f6132"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a82d553bc8a07445397c3031695bda4d1">language_handler</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__abf1b194eae6d4ab5a22773c7741acaa5">Indicates that a procedural language call handler is declared to return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706202826">language_handler</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__ra8ac9aaea7c24ac2b7ca7f1f51900686"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a9a3bad71a65b4adb8714c2c22cc10028">fdw_handler</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__afb0f961aaf28483ea20a072ad19d7bd3">Indicates that a foreign-data wrapper handler is declared to return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b84235270620291">fdw_handler</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__rb810eab6ad684459b2b400e6ddf62c12"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__af752fd1c15934b2a9917e624d9dcaa6f">record</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a9ecd1247217843fb9d30de51221822b2">Identifies a function returning an unspecified row type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r810f7958f73740e0afbf1b2085149b2a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__ad3c820e5909d451ea926cf5a4da61876">trigger</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a31a4e9744480405ea075b8bb6e767aa7">Indicates that a trigger function is declared to return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203020">trigger</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__r4e1b1bfd0a5648a385ccea159b1cec8f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a8d9e48a9eb3445cc9f7725edd803be6e">void</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a67eeee31e8394faca7dffb8af6465abc">Indicates that a function returns no value.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__rc9b190e869fb4c3d82dc427e08f97be1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a35424583b9f742e9adcc1f8c56593cb8">opaque</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a471ee558d3264f98857ee1974da3ae27">Indicates an obsolete type name that formerly served all the above purposes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a8969f2959d07496cb84a7d93e485147f">Functions coded in C (whether built in or dynamically loaded) can be declared to accept or return any of these pseudo data types. It is up to the function author to ensure that the function will behave safely when a pseudo-type is used as an argument type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__acbbe74187c1840189e834f6ed24007f3">Functions coded in procedural languages can use pseudo-types only as allowed by their implementation languages. At present the procedural languages all forbid use of a pseudo-type as argument type, and allow only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b84235270620345">void</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203410">record</strong> as a result type. Some also support polymorphic functions using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203520">anyelement</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203527">anyarray</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203534">anynonarray</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203542">anyenum</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203549">anyrange</strong> types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a505e2cbbdd584b40bc427cf6ee328f68">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203617">internal</strong> pseudo-type is used to declare functions that are meant only to be called internally by the database system, and not by direct call in an SQL query. If a function has at least one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706203656">internal</strong>-type argument, it cannot be called from SQL. You are not advised to create any function that is declared to return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b842352706115116">internal</strong> unless the function has at least one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__b922411375245">internal</strong> argument.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__a71aaee958aee4807b45cb9acb363b5b1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__s42a5014cbcb24523a730a390892ab993"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create or replace the showall() function:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showall</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETOF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_sales</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ss_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9692</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Invoke the showall() function:</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showall</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showall</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the function:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showall</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145511011__p16127205547"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0024.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0024.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a54bac2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0024.html
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables</h1>
+<div id="body1533607109792"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p12345102435313"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__table1899319136548">Table 1</a> lists the data types supported by column-store tables.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__table1899319136548"></a><a name="table1899319136548"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__table1899319136548" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Data types supported by column-store tables</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row829010145541"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p182901514135411">Category</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p15290191416548">Data Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290114125415">Length</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p10290131475415">Supported</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row729018142548"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="10" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p4290171415543">Numeric types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p142901314175410">smallint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1629011148541">2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p729031415540">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row17290191415415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p12290101405412">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p929001420541">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p17290114165413">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row329091415410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1929011418548">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1129018145546">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p529021435416">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row6290161445410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290614175414">decimal</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p13290151417543">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1029031418543">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row629041410543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1129031485418">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1329071465410">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1629001435418">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row1290114155417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1290101435412">real</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1729012143548">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p15290514175418">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row1829015147548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p6290101411549">double precision</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290114165416">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p72901414155413">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row11290201411546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p142901014115417">smallserial</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p14290141414543">2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p2290181419545">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row329031414544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290121416541">serial</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p17290101435418">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p129020141544">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row122901114185414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1229051411545">bigserial</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p8290314155413">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p329061475416">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row152905140543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p129081465413">Monetary types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p2029014148549">money</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p14290181475411">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1729041412543">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row17290141495413"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="6" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p6290171485411">Character types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1629015140543">character varying(n), varchar(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p14290181415418">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290171418540">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row172904145544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p929015143540">character(n), char(n)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p16290111418547">n</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p8290111419540">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row20290914115417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p32901214145415">character, char</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p142901914115411">1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1429001418542">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row12290814125418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p4290101485417">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1229020141546">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1529016148543">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row7290101405415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p029012140542">nvarchar2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p129014147548">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p202901614135412">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row172907148542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p5290914125415">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p629081412547">64</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p142908146549">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row19290141414543"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="6" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p14290131412540">Date/time types</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p3290151495415">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p20290111495420">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p132908147546">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row172901014155417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1829041445411">timestamp without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p192902145542">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p5290121485410">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row132901514165419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p14290181415547">date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p929071410545">4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p102900146546">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row13290181445412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1929020147545">time without time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p12290114145411">8</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p10290614175411">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row102901714155411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p13290131485413">time with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p92902014105420">12</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p82901814155415">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row1029061411542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1729012141543">interval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p172901314105418">16</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1529071414545">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row1729021435410"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1290191455417">Large objects</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p11290314165418">clob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p172901143541">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p629020143542">Yes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row7290121435417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p629019144544">blob</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1729091425412">Variable length</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p0290514105414">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__row12290514165416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1229011417541">Others</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p3290191475416">...</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1029013140546">...</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.67%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830756__p1229019143547">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0025.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0025.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98cbd1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0025.html
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">XML</h1>
+<div id="body1597307016136"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p8060118">XML data type stores Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted data. Such data can also be stored as text, but the advantage of the XML data type is that it checks whether each stored value is a well-formed XML value. XML can store well-formed documents and content fragments defined by XML standards. A content fragment can have multiple top-level elements or character nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p9740121791816">For functions that support the XML data type, see <a href="dws_06_0067.html">XML Functions</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__section19631743172120"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring XML Parameters</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p8891241181920">The syntax is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__screen1411251771018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmloption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p41194291111">If a string value is not converted to XML using the XMLPARSE or XMLSERIALIZE function, the XML OPTION session parameter determines the value, DOCUMENT or CONTENT.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p161722392179">The default value is CONTENT, indicating that all types of XML data are allowed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p1017263951714">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__screen432711188148"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmloption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__section364673518228"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Binary Data Encoding Format</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p125892513223">Syntax:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__screen2049548162313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlbinary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hex</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p417217395175">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__screen1337752582316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlbinary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base64</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">YmFy</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlbinary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hex</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">626172</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__section1176325102418"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Accessing XML Value</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910629__p19611928192415">The XML data type is special, and it does not provide any comparison operators, because there is no general comparison algorithm for XML data, so you cannot retrieve data rows by comparing an XML value with a search value. An XML data entry is typically accompanied by an ID for retrieving. Alternatively, you can convert XML values into character strings. However, this is not widely applicable to common scenarios of XML value comparison.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0026.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0026.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daa0efaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0026.html
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Constant and Macro</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a4be740b392d84e919b9544337307fcd2"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__t556b0d4fd31645a3aaaa95c4dfe3c89c">Table 1</a> lists the constants and macros that can be used in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__text1090385208">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__t556b0d4fd31645a3aaaa95c4dfe3c89c"></a><a name="t556b0d4fd31645a3aaaa95c4dfe3c89c"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__t556b0d4fd31645a3aaaa95c4dfe3c89c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Constants and macros</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r774cccd323ed4e2582b3d22a64f63136"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__aecf2f395797a4fd28cf26495ce49f1cf">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a2fa9399e84cb4cdeaeb71e81ab9332f1">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a4659e9497c714cb7a88c04c95575d203">Examples</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__rd32d9a502f1e4303b6d41023b0e65ccb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a8decf872415e455bb85a6c93c53ee560">CURRENT_CATALOG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a6b5b4ffbde304bd5a90c9c6741219692">Specifies the current database.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s296dbfa0fc85417b9f1c59229a846a7b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_CATALOG</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">current_database</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__ra6f98f2c47d34f338c9a1b3733b90f44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__ae8a7a4fe3ffa49bb93ac48101c55e092">CURRENT_ROLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__ac006c1662ff040e8b2ff6afe75d87135">Current role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s87b4f0426edd40a08b19da649b531f50"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_ROLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r37837364cc8749689efe9491784898a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__acf5d3db7132144ea90f76204ecbffed5">CURRENT_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a7be313cbf85d44ba88997ae4702c45d6">Current database model</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__se16d971db408482cb0d53dbe037119e5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">current_schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="k">public</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r89545f006cf24f70a0dd9d0680b82866"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a36a76cc168554cb69874295bf749ff08">CURRENT_USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__aed57586a456d438aa006cddf0d30df3e">Current user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s4a4065ebba2d4faa83616db75280f95a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r4f809dd1a0d64300ac2c8c10b97528b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__ab3b97e05bd4443b7b99bb3a630603c90">LOCALTIMESTAMP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a0de4b7ec9e3a40e1913ecdbcaaa04ac5">Current session time (without time zone)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s4fd93284499042afb1a63c2906194960"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCALTIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">968538</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r84251706456a4cd49723644b55e73544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__af09465deec0d44788160950487f41916">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a411ab4f745044a6a975316b270d08a77">This parameter is left blank.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a299fb1ca76194a129a27e6832876198d">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__r4b38571ef14f4afdbe0996e43c4c570c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a491dfff9af3e49c187af7e5e938c55f3"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a24ffc63b5ac74ababe40127e1f4bd21d">SESSION_USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a2b5c9517ee084b63a6802ec9e4e84e43">Current system user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s758f34e53e94407cb9411bb8a6f8d361"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION_USER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">session_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__rb7a9ae275a744b3cbb4880839ab029bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__aa9a78dbbd2754414ab1acbcfc82aadbc">SYSDATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__ab0f97da609264f66b44fa11f40eb4957">Current system date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__se90adb6e9580402ca5e38d6f5f543669"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSDATE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">48</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">53</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__rf0a448ea96c64d488b3bc274d145efa5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.54%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a68108f1bc354497c81a1ddce7d316ad4">USER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.82%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__a5c5162f530c84dddab7762a5b1f9201b">Current user, also called <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__b4488366093345">CURRENT_USER</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="46.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150926__s8744109b062d4ab1918d0c6bad78445e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0027.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0027.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3876486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0027.html
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910651"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910651"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0028.html">Logical Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0029.html">Comparison Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0030.html">Character Processing Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0031.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0032.html">Bit String Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0033.html">Pattern Matching Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0034.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0036.html">Type Conversion Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0037.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0038.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0039.html">Text Search Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0040.html">UUID Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0041.html">JSON Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0042.html">HLL Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0043.html">SEQUENCE Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0044.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0045.html">Range Functions and Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0046.html">Aggregate Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0047.html">Window Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0048.html">Security Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0049.html">Set Returning Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0050.html">Conditional Expression Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0051.html">System Information Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0064.html">Data Redaction Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0065.html">Statistics Information Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0066.html">Trigger Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0067.html">XML Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0068.html">Call Stack Recording Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0028.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0028.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ea45806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0028.html
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Logical Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a5aebd5a3252c497f944465be9d5d04fe">The usual logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT. SQL uses a three-valued logical system with true, false, and null, which represents "unknown". Their priorities are NOT &gt; AND &gt; OR.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a1e1a9df59ad74c30be3b8d73f86500f2"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__tddad89fc8a334725a6d9b2dca1969309">Table 1</a> lists operation rules, where a and b represent logical expressions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__tddad89fc8a334725a6d9b2dca1969309"></a><a name="tddad89fc8a334725a6d9b2dca1969309"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__tddad89fc8a334725a6d9b2dca1969309" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Operation rules</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r5bb83b7cc68f4c36ab25c2662eeeb888"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a0ad89c26bca04ba19149ec16566bebb7">a</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a99e056373a8a48cc9d766124532d4441">b</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a6eb5201cf6164d53814af931059a1152">a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__b28106029">AND</strong> b Result</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a23eb107825124e7daa9349185838e01d">a<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__i26791430"> </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__b51228171">OR</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__b10345062"> </strong>b Result</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a728fd5755e174956a4ec1684c20a7c6e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__b16884906162743">NOT</strong> a Result</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r13f1f77315934992b50293e2c2ea86d0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a678bfa26153643f99837a56aeb73b8f2">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__ae402f4a9a38246b2b955a1a657bd91de">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a55809b3a598048e88abfefbe017eff99">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__ac4acdeffaa7941b5bc450f55f9e725eb">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a7f50d8b4d8ea4d7f82a3fa7d48d02a87">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r0359b10d8f1d43b3b95adefdf3c2c10c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__ad6e5f383e1dd452abc2199b8e5a7133c">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__af2894b59d2ac4dc1b242bb09830228bf">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a1c2564aaa8d94f0fa07cc81b83f4201a">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__adb5e5b25c2784db0a28e6d86f22ed1bf">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a98e48ede776e4b17b6f3e89e5fdb9da8">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r97588b79605e4c29842323f033a26d3c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a4fee44c6fbe24f61ba3cd6b5ba846181">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__aca79a7c922464160ac7aab726d78f52b">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a142a90bbc19e4e88bc1b3d6103d2fff2">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a3e761e46907b4bcd82e78ba9fc73573f">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a3b599f8d7cf04630a55124f051823ca2">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r6b33fbeb4d66479e9e38f001eef48fbe"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__abf7178cde91a4200884208edaace4cf2">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a2e5a2ee0beb0476cb0b9da2e2e339775">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__aaca930629e6d4a4d832450a5a7d19a07">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__aa20883a444d44ff583e010eca9e8546c">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a4815cf70824b41f89e69831ab214a896">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r65b428afc3b84fb9ada2c6a10f77d799"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a6344f619aa0e45c99455fdf92b8a980b">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a6352e5d57abc497380f8cae20f8cc835">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__ae87a3a54e64e424aac182d893062cd2f">FALSE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a186a29dc7de9498ab51f98acfd219370">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__aa71f7273907b400e8b6ccf569c9ad93c">TRUE</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__r2592b39afa0e4bd2a36b4f889ecb1af3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.858214178582145%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a6ab69d04f1a24f7bb08ed438b1a8ad36">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.91830816918308%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__ad4822811d9ca4f7dbe978487e8b27171">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="22.187781221877813%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a63e5cadb904d422bb6cf5cbf405c24b3">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.047595240475953%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a0fb13de8625d4d77907f31c64e7c6f10">NULL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.988101189881014%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.6.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__a248adafaf2c3469ea16723c5acb82171">NULL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__n5c3950958ef047bcba8c12f2b72ac95b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830677__af4c8a8ac573d45849f35de7de95661f9">The operators AND and OR are commutative, that is, you can switch the left and right operand without affecting the result.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0029.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0029.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7dcb5215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0029.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Comparison Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a9c6c7cce8cd94ddfa841760fbe5c9c25">Comparison operators are available for all data types and return Boolean values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a4853d390f436435db337926e772f525d">All comparison operators are binary operators. Only data types that are the same or can be implicitly converted can be compared using comparison operators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a64a52c4b65464eadab10b3492269af27"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__t6a435675959f484a9b0194cd232c098c">Table 1</a> describes comparison operators provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__text1782914086">GaussDB(DWS)</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__t6a435675959f484a9b0194cd232c098c"></a><a name="t6a435675959f484a9b0194cd232c098c"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__t6a435675959f484a9b0194cd232c098c" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Comparison operators</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__rec9f8978ed334f3e9cfb6de191ca1119"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__aaba4bc73fb2b48ccb0fd534fd2b629c6">Operators</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a36d880508c82408d94464ec430807129">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__r22bbfa472f1d41ca8205c7ba6eb9f348"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a407510753dea45ff80369600807afdcf">&lt;</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a25e392972deb4362a7d3da0c0e524e37">Less than</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__r7e34fc3a4ff24a8db768344b375ca6ac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a9726ca99f71f4fe2a65f45481a01561a">&gt;</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a69b5e55d4a504294946b2ae362c0042b">Greater than</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__r1c73d5ce489241f79f2dec3df53bfdcb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__ac55a037842b246d0846c54578baf0958">&lt;=</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__adc60b8b123b64346a9d9106296fe7472">Less than or equal to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__r05665462b39e4b6f8ad0c03ee78bbe5c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__acb0376f1e10546efb280016401108ea8">&gt;=</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__af526484af8e1487da333eac6f629dd81">Greater than or equal to</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__rc9ccaef074b441669a290d584287af98"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a57b1a13c089c4223a9ef2776b5701ded">=</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a2ad9644b67df4c80a462617228b78d77">Equality</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__r979b99bd358646ba840950d4626de994"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.870000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a066b664131b243e397c1b6b1d58934f4">&lt;&gt; or !=</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="64.13%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__aedb9a53aca9a438aaff16a643d098c79">Inequality</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__a4fd056176ff44430bf87fba4d8444ea3">Comparison operators are available for all relevant data types. All comparison operators are binary operators that returned values of Boolean type. Expressions like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__b842352706162447">1 &lt; 2 &lt; 3</strong> are invalid. (Because there is no comparison operator to compare a Boolean value with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830674__b84235270616555">3</strong>.)</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0030.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0030.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,1649 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Character Processing Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7286fe825e2d4ba78257083650417dba">String functions and operators provided by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text83313693">GaussDB(DWS)</span> are for concatenating strings with each other, concatenating strings with non-strings, and matching the patterns of strings.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u56f0e4adaf9a4d038cdb4d6941862d6a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l31f2d520dee5405081791fbd95f28254">bit_length(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa650959e8d9d47eaa7c039cdfcbd4b83"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l31f2d520dee5405081791fbd95f28254"></a><a name="l31f2d520dee5405081791fbd95f28254"></a>Description: Specifies the number of bits occupied by a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__abe74fc7656e94681929b17f57ec7fcdd">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac94df302c17f4acfbec94a970d052b4c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sdbd3ce97c6ea439189faa166f3aac011"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">bit_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">bit_length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0de815c104144b36914c3efdb8299949">btrim(string text [, characters text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa2b6851c6a0d43549483469bb99fb5d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0de815c104144b36914c3efdb8299949"></a><a name="l0de815c104144b36914c3efdb8299949"></a>Description: Removes the longest string consisting only of characters in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706103032">characters</strong> (a space by default) from the start and end of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706103542">string</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0134b175ddbe4ab2a11df99485fc29df">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8cfaa009191945e99614b7758921f400">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s6f2a8091f7c749d2b4794a0c2b847f25"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">btrim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sring'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ing'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">btrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld2106d8b5f8d4b4597622ab2086799e9">char_length(string) or character_length(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7e12b5cfa631446d94d73ffc47206515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld2106d8b5f8d4b4597622ab2086799e9"></a><a name="ld2106d8b5f8d4b4597622ab2086799e9"></a>Description: Number of characters in a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab52bbb94392b41449076051332776950">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0001f3453d1c4689b3d5b9880a898682">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sc76e782171cc4fd8b58e8dc2c9a9ec57"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">char_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">char_length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld7fafb3523a2466eace98e76f4354b9c">instr(text,text,int,int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae4200a1e14f24ff58b3eb94b383b6fb9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld7fafb3523a2466eace98e76f4354b9c"></a><a name="ld7fafb3523a2466eace98e76f4354b9c"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706174112">FROM int</strong> indicates the start position of the replacement in the first string. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706174114">for int</strong> indicates the number of characters replaced in the first string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3ab2dc9b41ea4b5aa570376fa79ee66f">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad37f0bfbb2d84348be787c7162fbfe15">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s815df92b91fc4ff89a37381713c70a8b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abcdabcdabcd'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bcd'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l30fd7484be064b68befd262a8915d916">lengthb(text/bpchar)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae193b6ddda8e43edbb519be6a46fa20b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l30fd7484be064b68befd262a8915d916"></a><a name="l30fd7484be064b68befd262a8915d916"></a>Description: Obtains the number of bytes of a specified string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a27ce43b889ce404da3be9ff58f81d4f5">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a030b5f9987454feea8b4bc0e7024a475">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sa043a0d9fea14c539cff06ee5c1b465d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfc133d488af7457ca93cea605bf644a1">left(str text, n int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aff9cccb2f0c341cabde45aebe6bd22f6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfc133d488af7457ca93cea605bf644a1"></a><a name="lfc133d488af7457ca93cea605bf644a1"></a>Description: Returns first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105749">n</strong> characters in the string.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ul13451819165219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li1934571916526">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, all but the last <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105839">|n|</strong> characters are returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105826">n</strong> is negative.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li15345319135220">In the MySQL-compatible mode, an empty string is returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b3891913171118">n</strong> is negative.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a04a2572ed8bf439dbe828ea2628d722c">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac4c422933e614b44872feb1f51a3ba97">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9f8d4510f8b146ab80470b5a33fac2c2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcde'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">left</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ab</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9eae374e868a4ef78437991326e02db2">length(string bytea, encoding name )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2d6f9c1d840842fcad38be6fb1b50831"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9eae374e868a4ef78437991326e02db2"></a><a name="l9eae374e868a4ef78437991326e02db2"></a>Description: Number of characters in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105923">string</strong> in the given <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105931">encoding</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706105951">string</strong> must be valid in this encoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a96ad1002a142446cb236f8160dc06772">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aed758077b1694dd28943a127fd269ebd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s65e7c4dda8954649862004c523485ceb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jose'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'UTF8'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf1bbce8a765e42d9abd05de557817908">lpad(string text, length int [, fill text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab5b035e0806b4941b9224c43f07d13a7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf1bbce8a765e42d9abd05de557817908"></a><a name="lf1bbce8a765e42d9abd05de557817908"></a>Description: Fills up the string to the specified length by appending the characters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611357">fill</strong> (a space by default). If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527061155">string</strong> is already longer than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611520">length</strong> then it is truncated (on the right).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7373a8b290bf485ebac66c21396e4e6d">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acb4b259dab114864a00aa51d991f705e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9a3cdb69de3d4879a3789f9ccf67459d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hi'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xyza'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xyzhi</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l6e6af6e548e241c48eef07c8ae9822f6">octet_length(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__af907e12054444bcea9cc2ae41bb7a484"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l6e6af6e548e241c48eef07c8ae9822f6"></a><a name="l6e6af6e548e241c48eef07c8ae9822f6"></a>Description: Number of bytes in a string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__abc09da932f394c548b44c4d9214613bd">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a02d52bd351d34d0fbb1e917f38934d3c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sd7bfa0393ae441c69bc6cc502d35a3f7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">octet_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jose'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">octet_length</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lbbfa00b53cf7480398dbe651b7fb2865">overlay(string placing string FROM int [for int])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a09edf71d945d4148a9f1558d1dfa2145"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lbbfa00b53cf7480398dbe651b7fb2865"></a><a name="lbbfa00b53cf7480398dbe651b7fb2865"></a>Description: Replaces substring. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706172240">FROM int</strong> indicates the start position of the replacement in the first string. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706172324">for int</strong> indicates the number of characters replaced in the first string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab5b04d635754403f9ef2e1401f31add5">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a778309d74db748fd905798487b7584dc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s13effcbfffd0444ca17c54a9f93912ca"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">overlay</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">placing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">overlay</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hworldo</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l22702d3ca2e54cdfb6f3c2dbf0d01f2e">position(substring in string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a473a98c4e6c4432dad3ef3d7be65f054"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l22702d3ca2e54cdfb6f3c2dbf0d01f2e"></a><a name="l22702d3ca2e54cdfb6f3c2dbf0d01f2e"></a>Description: Location of specified substring</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9b8555becff3443284c55689b54ba40d">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a51504718838e46968f3c69c96dd8e27c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s78cf4fbccf74405786c1b7891c015ec0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ing'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'string'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld4d49cf550684473841aedd9de964305">pg_client_encoding()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a11780f1f95634387999b674d0df7163e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld4d49cf550684473841aedd9de964305"></a><a name="ld4d49cf550684473841aedd9de964305"></a>Description: Current client encoding name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a788e89934a6746daaad9bdbcc0ff4773">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad577b4fb828340e69eb2b902de7a8bc3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s150c0257bd2049489508734c88a1d99c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_client_encoding</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_client_encoding</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UTF8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l1ba8eda410764528b232b847b9d6dfd0">quote_ident(string text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a92b6add2b63a40249a058d9354713e0f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l1ba8eda410764528b232b847b9d6dfd0"></a><a name="l1ba8eda410764528b232b847b9d6dfd0"></a>Description: Returns the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an SQL statement string (quotation marks are used as required). Quotes are added only if necessary (that is, if the string contains non-identifier characters or would be case-folded). Embedded quotes are properly doubled.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae75ceb7d73e8479ca3531647d9290b84">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a62869d8a91714968b61e5f2424dff0d0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s635896a5a4b142ec888aa80ea8cf7132"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_ident</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_ident</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l30f057416ccc43b7a014f31bc8dba1e2">quote_literal(string text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a15cc3ea0df6a4d178121ec5ff23cfe17"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l30f057416ccc43b7a014f31bc8dba1e2"></a><a name="l30f057416ccc43b7a014f31bc8dba1e2"></a>Description: Returns the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an SQL statement string (quotation marks are used as required).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aeead3282fe5e41c3aad1dd84e5880f88">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a95cb03a59dbf46d6b5eaa91b80a8e910">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s72a4861a5b0b42edac18bd0a121c1629"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p891524717323">If command similar to the following exists, text will be escaped.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s2490086755214f728b3b373349bda26b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\'</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="s1">');</span>
+<span class="s1"> quote_literal</span>
+<span class="s1">---------------</span>
+<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="n">O</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a310c2f290cf34a87b22b3f23994d353f">If command similar to the following exists, backslash will be properly doubled.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s17633f4f5baf435faa2b39d96d05ec3d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'O\hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\\hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p786824011181">If the parameter is null, return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270614536">NULL</strong>. If the parameter may be null, you are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706143353">quote_nullable</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sd56af2fda10d4551a5d0fa683d43a16f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2609dfead2674091b95f4c7e9124e042">quote_literal(value anyelement)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0343b2ad3c5a48c885813308fe493410"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2609dfead2674091b95f4c7e9124e042"></a><a name="l2609dfead2674091b95f4c7e9124e042"></a>Description: Coerces the given value to text and then quotes it as a literal.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac94258996bf74a838ab3becc9cba426a">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p023215307576">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sb1c8155e44e849d6a4b336b10e2e4048"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'42.5'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a5678a0434f404fef94be17424471ec06">If command similar to the following exists, the given value will be escaped.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sfce87d2089f24bcaadc3a56210c05c30"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\'</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="s1">');</span>
+<span class="s1"> quote_literal</span>
+<span class="s1">---------------</span>
+<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8d57b18591244486a9de0e9bcdd0d4ab">If command similar to the following exists, backslash will be properly doubled.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__scdfc5842bbca43dfae8b1577917b9c6a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'O\42.5'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_literal</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\\42.5'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le3719103d2d14a428370380eba5faa1b">quote_nullable(string text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae9e2498cea0d4a07b743a4529f0edb2c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le3719103d2d14a428370380eba5faa1b"></a><a name="le3719103d2d14a428370380eba5faa1b"></a>Description: Returns the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an SQL statement string (quotation marks are used as required).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6f6ebf0aa4e143e086d4906829746a61">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p42320303578">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s2090e4c4289c48cea0eea8d347732b0f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7405075bb1e54cd889607d75433bb78e">If command similar to the following exists, text will be escaped.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s3e69b96138f84d4db0928820c7f799fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\'</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="s1">');</span>
+<span class="s1"> quote_nullable</span>
+<span class="s1">----------------</span>
+<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="n">O</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa1064e061a654efa8bc81bddf0d2c281">If command similar to the following exists, backslash will be properly doubled.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s90fcae52b5fe4a4f99c8b7c12638277d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'O\hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\\hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p188945558462">If the parameter is null, return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b364389059">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__saf2930acb6e840f980d10dce3e11da43"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l7af37b271c40400388c6c10b986373a2">quote_nullable(value anyelement)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aaf63ff20467147debecedaef2774fab2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l7af37b271c40400388c6c10b986373a2"></a><a name="l7af37b271c40400388c6c10b986373a2"></a>Description: Converts the given value to text and then quotes it as a literal.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7477a0b930114923be18fd1946f8a20b">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p123215307577">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s53b66794e5bd4a8d9ccc9c44b1eaee6b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'42.5'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a236bc3e8e4634b55b5516f3e2db146a2">If command similar to the following exists, the given value will be escaped.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s1da3045b55f5467f88c00fb4839e1608"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\'</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="s1">');</span>
+<span class="s1"> quote_nullable </span>
+<span class="s1">----------------</span>
+<span class="s1"> '</span><span class="n">O</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0059779223_p161459518484">If command similar to the following exists, backslash will be properly doubled.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sfc5268e9cac84c6491e4eb3a2a2314de"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'O\42.5'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'O\\42.5'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a186bc068ad6d4d6fbeb10f1d00107223">If the parameter is null, return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b800834125">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9b41116aa8814e97a49cbabf0f658ed0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_nullable</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfaf14114e4f54dc79af5faf011045916">substring(string [from int] [for int])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afce575ad85474fa3a4bfa55637c802e6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfaf14114e4f54dc79af5faf011045916"></a><a name="lfaf14114e4f54dc79af5faf011045916"></a>Description: Extracts a substring. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706172914">from int</strong> indicates the start position of the truncation. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706172926">for int</strong> indicates the number of characters truncated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a736a50e9336d4034bfc5a85e1414e160">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac2bc4a2a863a469daf137efe310d819b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s84354e3ddbc54c958e984485d7e86110"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Thomas'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hom</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld8dcea80ff7a4f82a31eab8e9396ea4c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld8dcea80ff7a4f82a31eab8e9396ea4c"></a><a name="ld8dcea80ff7a4f82a31eab8e9396ea4c"></a>substring(string from <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a16c66c0fa340446ca17ff93a7f7fc347">pattern</em>)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ada561ece7bdf49648f6b6ff67402c3ce">Description: Extracts substring matching POSIX regular expression. It returns the text that matches the pattern. If no match record is found, a null value is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a84f95718ec2c4f46bc0f3e685e08b1dc">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab93ccef06c144f4e851566d03790090c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sab31433db07042a4a377a668394d9d04"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Thomas'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'...$'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mas</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'o(.)b'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">o</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(o(.)b)'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oob</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__note5008506216526"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p4811237716526">If the POSIX pattern contains any parentheses, the portion of the text that matched the first parenthesized sub-expression (the one whose left parenthesis comes first) is returned. You can put parentheses around the whole expression if you want to use parentheses within it without triggering this exception.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0e44fce441ff4e4fb16e5dc766f2978d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0e44fce441ff4e4fb16e5dc766f2978d"></a><a name="l0e44fce441ff4e4fb16e5dc766f2978d"></a>substring(string from <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__accb5e2d1de96429fb93d418c6223d601">pattern</em> for <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae5842048fb054e379beeca64b680b493">escape</em>)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4ad7f3bb07c34b8a99518b9738b1099a">Description: Extracts substring matching SQL regular expression. The specified pattern must match the entire data string, or else the function fails and returns null. To indicate the part of the pattern that should be returned on success, the pattern must contain two occurrences of the escape character followed by a double quote ("). The text matching the portion of the pattern between these markers is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8a6a4aa4b82b42729313c2d922b2ccbf">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa5af59e67478435fadd09e0abd7142d5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s8c6e05667b58404f934455cdeab78cb7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Thomas'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%#&quot;o_a#&quot;_'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oma</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ldf95c34c92d94a268aa515a327778c4f">rawcat(raw,raw)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a1c9b119be4874354a21fa015aa667fc4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ldf95c34c92d94a268aa515a327778c4f"></a><a name="ldf95c34c92d94a268aa515a327778c4f"></a>Description: Indicates the string concatenation functions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3f282ba4a7d440eeb199e7dce91ea993">Return type: raw</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a55c4fedd19cb422aa23b9535b8fecf3a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s130f687b9d8a4c0d9912e3d9854ed553"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rawcat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ab'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'cd'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rawcat</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ABCD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le976ab3d5e14486196d4ed1709075452">regexp_like(text,text,text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4da751f220d447b5a144f56c03e34a2b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le976ab3d5e14486196d4ed1709075452"></a><a name="le976ab3d5e14486196d4ed1709075452"></a>Description: Indicates the mode matching function of a regular expression.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afa8225bbbbd44ee7808c277aba56b5eb">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2fe74edfe1354941a896faab027ddcb8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sf37998a1451348298bc946bbdf0a16c7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'str'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'[ac]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l61d744458be54ed89e78ce5f16c46bed">regexp_substr(text,text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4f830ca5b7184d589fdef5f09cd8993b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l61d744458be54ed89e78ce5f16c46bed"></a><a name="l61d744458be54ed89e78ce5f16c46bed"></a>Description: Extracts substrings from a regular expression. Its function is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b21071956171310">substr</strong>. When a regular expression contains multiple parallel brackets, it also needs to be processed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa426feadacb849d89c8cba819f9625cb">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__affd31acf0cc54692959e1f01a2e44a12">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s0b07b058b35244b6baaf03fb1d649b20"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'str'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'[ac]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003"></a><a name="l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003"></a>regexp_matches(string text, pattern text [, flags text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a51f23adc425e4ecc9081036781f3eba8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003"></a><a name="l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003"></a>Description: Returns all captured substrings resulting from matching a POSIX regular expression against the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706165658">string</strong>. If the pattern does not match, the function returns no rows. If the pattern contains no parenthesized sub-expressions, then each row returned is a single-element text array containing the substring matching the whole pattern. If the pattern contains parenthesized sub-expressions, the function returns a text array whose <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__i842352697201924">n</em>th element is the substring matching the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__i842352697201933">n</em>th parenthesized sub-expression of the pattern.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p2843169317050">The optional <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706111639">flags</strong> argument contains zero or multiple single-letter flags that change function behavior. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706111934">i</strong> indicates that the matching is not related to uppercase and lowercase. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706111939">g</strong> indicates that each matching substring is replaced, instead of replacing only the first one.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__note25291943132510"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p1410351142518">If the last parameter is provided but the parameter value is an empty string ('') and the SQL compatibility mode of the database is set to ORA, the returned result is an empty set. This is because the ORA compatible mode treats the empty string ('') as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b3992113133110">NULL</strong>. To resolve this problem, you can:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ul7103513251"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li765018207404">Change the database SQL compatibility mode to TD.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li110135119253">Do not provide the last parameter or do not set the last parameter to an empty string.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab3951b8d5c974ae2a284bf8c197475bc">Return type: setof text[]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__abfd8e0567adb47e886a22b11c0431a8b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s004d9ceb6de04d818d23b2c35f7e6e6f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_matches</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobarbequebaz'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(bar)(beque)'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_matches</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">beque</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_matches</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobarbequebaz'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'barbeque'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_matches</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">barbeque</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_matches</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobarbequebazilbarfbonk'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'g'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">beque</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">bazil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">barf</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9"></a><a name="l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9"></a>regexp_split_to_array(string text, pattern text [, flags text ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__abbc9076d2b4948f39bc3165b3e3c09a4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9"></a><a name="l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9"></a>Description: Splits <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617020">string</strong> using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter. The regexp_split_to_array function behaves the same as regexp_split_to_table, except that regexp_split_to_array returns its result as an array of text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae45b8833761e4a00b6261ff83e129dd0">Return type: text[]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa671d53f2ed44ef99a02384670915e80">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s940ecc414e1948a387b4debccf33bae5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\s+'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_array</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">world</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4"></a><a name="l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4"></a>regexp_split_to_table(string text, pattern text [, flags text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a36f70f5376be4457830b147c0df79141"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4"></a><a name="l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4"></a>Description: Splits <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1318029897">string</strong> using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter. If there is no match to the pattern, the function returns the string. If there is at least one match, for each match it returns the text from the end of the last match (or the beginning of the string) to the beginning of the match. When there are no more matches, it returns the text from the end of the last match to the end of the string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p6284905165910">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706202147">flags</strong> parameter is a text string containing zero or more single-letter flags that change the function's behavior. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b222688274">i</strong> indicates that the matching is not related to uppercase and lowercase. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b2050726415">g</strong> indicates that each matching substring is replaced, instead of replacing only the first one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac3f7727aac9340a3b449823820c0bb78">Return type: setof text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a91bfc59429eb4fb2a4475c4fde1e5257">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s38c1a2227ef64e8da84915ca52471f8e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\s+'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_split_to_table</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">world</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lb833a2542cc041d09321c1ac43762770">repeat(string text, number int )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a868996df5e8b4ecdbcca227eeccee1e5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lb833a2542cc041d09321c1ac43762770"></a><a name="lb833a2542cc041d09321c1ac43762770"></a>Description: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9b40086dcfc1476093fce72be0bce785">Return type: string repeated for <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__i84235269792116">number</em> times</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a00aa029baf6c48a784e63d81c4d4afe9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__se4dad31cddd74f499fcd06e9ee99d524"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Pg'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">repeat</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PgPgPgPg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l60f6fce76bf74f97b3d7fa191e5e3d44">replace(string text, from text, to text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a827379e0bfa04633b47c35c3fdf7e70b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l60f6fce76bf74f97b3d7fa191e5e3d44"></a><a name="l60f6fce76bf74f97b3d7fa191e5e3d44"></a>Description: Replaces all occurrences in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617613">string</strong> of substring <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617627">from</strong> with substring <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617633">to</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a821400b55a374a0da8872131074a8344">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aeeb60538a78a4db2b8d23a9851157123">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sa21eeebbd0fd4905b2bdd48051d55790"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcdefabcdef'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cd'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'XXX'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abXXXefabXXXef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u2f3b3bc27e68497a8db669ccd448ccad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l09bc959d1783428a8f30435a47ad0da9">reverse(str)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a944d1d1e5c5247de8d1a4819017105cd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l09bc959d1783428a8f30435a47ad0da9"></a><a name="l09bc959d1783428a8f30435a47ad0da9"></a>Description: Returns reversed string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a26c99fa836a54907aef38df6f4f95c56">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab9ba8e309d2041d28b8fb30b0f1aa42d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s80b6257fa4cb42a18e9c6cf00c2d3e4b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcde'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">edcba</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l27990dc396504963ada339b77e949223">right(str text, n int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__adbbd9981a7c2410586453c3104a24eac"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l27990dc396504963ada339b77e949223"></a><a name="l27990dc396504963ada339b77e949223"></a>Description: Returns the last <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617828">n</strong> characters in the string.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ul131790108540"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li71804100543">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, all but the last <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b4889113171116">|n|</strong> characters are returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b2088920316118">n</strong> is negative.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li1180710195415">In the MySQL-compatible mode, an empty string is returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b11507135381114">n</strong> is negative.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0a0e2e5a459149f98f34ff300e29d5b8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a5649a935f25447c48b2022d074353a28">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s1d63a3eb3f0d490c8c6484f150188da4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcde'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">right</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">de</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcde'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">right</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cde</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0468cca02a1a4ae9a31869ce1dbcabf0">rpad(string text, length int [, fill text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a27b69e9697de49e3bdf60091cf90dde0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0468cca02a1a4ae9a31869ce1dbcabf0"></a><a name="l0468cca02a1a4ae9a31869ce1dbcabf0"></a>Description: Fills up the string to length by appending the characters fill (a space by default). If the string is already longer than length then it is truncated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acc1e27208241417d8e921217e0011a0a">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2eae8d4abefc4614ab6e68eb3006bc16">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s18d78e3bb67346089f0d61c2b23ded37"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hi'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xy'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hixyx</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ldaa368225b4d43f8993cdf0c4238e336">rtrim(string text [, characters text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a78b43dc6bad04011a7a6873a7f228cbc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ldaa368225b4d43f8993cdf0c4238e336"></a><a name="ldaa368225b4d43f8993cdf0c4238e336"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only characters from characters (a space by default) from the end of string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa873f99fac3e411c89a119a530a44022">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9a02ab80d73f454d88f2a4818bbd3cab">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s47ed3e831ed24b4db654a1df69764233"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rtrim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'trimxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rtrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l16fdbc70dd724ca6ac9d952a1c3582b6">sys_context ( 'namespace' , 'parameter')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa3fd643e1eb8406c98b052b12b12ac42"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l16fdbc70dd724ca6ac9d952a1c3582b6"></a><a name="l16fdbc70dd724ca6ac9d952a1c3582b6"></a>Description: Obtains and returns the parameter values of a specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0085032269_b842352706173350">namespace</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a64e29cd753e04eb6b40c1ea2c255905e">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a866fa0fe544d47f082d028774d5a4cc4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s90b8e1dfb0624519b7c57ff7818557d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS_CONTEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'postgres'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'archive_mode'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys_context</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l58a1e4a4b139487d809858e6b4642086">substrb(text,int,int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afb1d9976bbbc4d359e6b61606d07d628"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l58a1e4a4b139487d809858e6b4642086"></a><a name="l58a1e4a4b139487d809858e6b4642086"></a>Description: Extracts a substring. The first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706173936">int</strong> indicates the start position of the subtraction. The second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1174215717173952">int</strong> indicates the number of characters subtracted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae7dfdac60171491c8541d00d9c5db461">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4b9aa22ba444429caf4dae43977ab52e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sc4bacfb8c2474b5bbc7f627eb3a8ee73"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'string'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l994f23b5a61849618b51356860b1113f">substrb(text,int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8322de219be34a2a818e0005bb241312"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l994f23b5a61849618b51356860b1113f"></a><a name="l994f23b5a61849618b51356860b1113f"></a>Description: Extracts a substring. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1211401289174014">int</strong> indicates the start position of the subtraction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ada618d1f8c304db893af02ba7dc02711">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a13152ff1d1764ebca337713ff78f899e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s43ced7ece31f4f5f9d2c17a385e17c50"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'string'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2f8aeaa1ae794582a31f7d0f00afadda">string || string<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a842af716f70146f3abae86233d2fc9ca"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2f8aeaa1ae794582a31f7d0f00afadda"></a><a name="l2f8aeaa1ae794582a31f7d0f00afadda"></a>Description: Concatenates strings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab40e1522671146df8a7eafe389398892">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afc145662b8cf4ff39e02af27e86fb912">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sa1d3e70840f94ce59471daf2c3e0d54c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'MPP'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'DB'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MPPDB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l768a9406a1e14287a8d05798245948c6">string || non-string or non-string || string<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0db6c04fee6d4ed68b5cbc2d80950128"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l768a9406a1e14287a8d05798245948c6"></a><a name="l768a9406a1e14287a8d05798245948c6"></a>Description: Concatenates strings and non-strings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9b5226dde16a48f99970e0389c8db97e">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a47458cb602ef4d7d80f5aa3129829cec">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s419b5292b86944afb98496cd07545b9d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Value: '</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Value</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc558d2aed1e84ccd93a06abe6a809058">split_part(string text, delimiter text, field int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a680ff70a5f3c4580a8134cc9747fcce8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc558d2aed1e84ccd93a06abe6a809058"></a><a name="lc558d2aed1e84ccd93a06abe6a809058"></a>Description: Splits <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b842352706174915">string</strong> on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b842352706174920">delimiter</strong> and returns the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706103034">field</strong>th column (counting from text of the first appeared delimiter).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad271c610b6fa4818a224694a6dcd65f4">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6232632504c84e96b1f8555c683b44ed">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9dcc835f4e4d49438d4eb83028b2aaed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">split_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc~@~def~@~ghi'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'~@~'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">split_part</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">def</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l84ef6d7079e343db974b9c0a5c23fc3f">strpos(string, substring)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a34e73addba5945faa9a7a62871200bf4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l84ef6d7079e343db974b9c0a5c23fc3f"></a><a name="l84ef6d7079e343db974b9c0a5c23fc3f"></a>Description: Specifies the position of a substring. It is the same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b3131956161318">position(substring in string)</strong>. However, the parameter sequences of them are reversed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ab50d85fb77a14db29cbcb6d7637b4623">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a79829da6b7a54a88a92814970310a430">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s82d1ee551ac84b799f8fb8648c4e0086"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strpos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'source'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rc'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strpos</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l17ed868848064b1c9cea5b7ee32377ec">to_hex(number int or bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a434be3255b094bdeaf1b0d3891613383"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l17ed868848064b1c9cea5b7ee32377ec"></a><a name="l17ed868848064b1c9cea5b7ee32377ec"></a>Description: Converts number to a hexadecimal expression.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac592f1cdcb1b4abd953f9d72baeba8e8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a64cc7f0e228b4edc8ac5877ee15e93e9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s20e26a45806f45aba7812d48b5eaabc3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_hex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2147483647</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">to_hex</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="n">fffffff</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le7ed739dc20f4cb99d082acc73e81916">translate(string text, from text, to text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a51278350a27547f09c97c0b5bef5c777"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le7ed739dc20f4cb99d082acc73e81916"></a><a name="le7ed739dc20f4cb99d082acc73e81916"></a>Description: Any character in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706175453">string</strong> that matches a character in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270617553">from</strong> set is replaced by the corresponding character in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706175513">to</strong> set. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b842352706175540">from</strong> is longer than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b842352706175548">to</strong>, extra characters occurred in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b842352706175557">from</strong> are removed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7ffdf6a517314fa0aa6b088c283c1b40">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__af8f917a4b6d44bc6a67c2d7b5d65e11a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s6e2f61e6a9744273926091490663fbc7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">translate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12345'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'143'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ax'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">translate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a2x5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__uc56b5cfe7f95470f81ea8b05501627b3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l393cffcd61754d4e93e8656b51466c9d">length(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a593fde139be34573a3f002ab41726e67"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l393cffcd61754d4e93e8656b51466c9d"></a><a name="l393cffcd61754d4e93e8656b51466c9d"></a>Description: Obtains the number of characters in a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9c8cc8c47a064b5392a1386a52e05e7e">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a421094b54ac745da8b119bc840d7e268">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9a434a1cf46d4ebb987c41b1a205d36e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcd'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l83e26a6c927842daa90094105efe102a">lengthb(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6195aa08f14f41c495e69aed1ff5b6f7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l83e26a6c927842daa90094105efe102a"></a><a name="l83e26a6c927842daa90094105efe102a"></a>Description: Obtains the number of characters in a string. The value depends on character sets (GBK and UTF8).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9672a765683140c7944c39bc195734ad">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a1cabb140ed1742f4b33bb5f71c1cf934">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sede4fec3698b487aa173ee27f17ccd12"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lengthb</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le11f519283864148a79f987380740493">substr(string,from)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afc83ff40eeed4ccbb113b5aebf63da2a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le11f519283864148a79f987380740493"></a><a name="le11f519283864148a79f987380740493"></a>Description:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa8f1dc2fa54d44c09faed10e8b591f0f">Extracts substrings from a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__af456392378a44692be8e72ea2fe31119"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706192815">from</strong> indicates the start position of the extraction.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__uea008d98fce94b57871c848716a4778d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld2c4d5a2bb364c758c7473b05c691f9a">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706112453">from</strong> starts at 0, the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527061953">1</strong> is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf09fca4e348047b299438773291c0125">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706192827">from</strong> is positive, all characters from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706192836">from</strong> to the end are extracted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9aeeb635219242399be9a5c6c3662cfa">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b2118378384192845">from</strong> is negative, the last n characters in the string are extracted, in which n indicates the absolute value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1660602239192848">from</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a614f32eb0253470088968c6ca24827f7">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a96e471c4ff364c99bf2bf3c5675f79ef">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a833923ed7ca54a94a6907a04bce5ab3a">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706103553">from</strong> is positive:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s48d166a885ce46168db79ee45b6fa668"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BCDEF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a26ffbbad664045ec933b607bf8edd434">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270610363">from</strong> is negative:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s1c1beb1a47ed46a6a8cac174dd18e1f6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf0208fa8f60f4da6923646f67a667ddf">substr(string,from,count)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac2502750b102490f800841fc7daf541c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf0208fa8f60f4da6923646f67a667ddf"></a><a name="lf0208fa8f60f4da6923646f67a667ddf"></a>Description:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3d9b819de8fd4016b0812a2feee570b7">Extracts substrings from a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3ab0ff30fd7643f4a297f322d1a23dcd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1459176351">from</strong> indicates the start position of the extraction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aea806010df5d45f8ae0f74161f386988">"count" indicates the length of the extracted substring.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u9177afc911ad41868ad14c9d39548ce6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l83bfc3088229489d80f47344c02aed95">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1469513025">from</strong> starts at 0, the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b38291374">1</strong> is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l199134ece1a3437c8b622a1610bfa3bb">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270693453">from</strong> is positive, extract <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b115857197520536">count</strong> characters starting from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270693542">from</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l597da52e12c64fff9e1a1fd71d802a6d">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527069367">from</strong> is negative, extract the last <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270693637">n</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270693646">count</strong> characters in the string, in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527069373">n</strong> indicates the absolute value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270693713">from</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l727be0c2be494bacb2d4d731fa4577b1">If the value of "count" is smaller than 1, null is returned.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__af1efd4b0deee4c03bd736b3ff314644a">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a37930b6c6f514cccbc153d8b3686cdf5">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a769fbf3299cb43eb827bb7d577c0020e">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b332910256">from</strong> is positive:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s1a9cd9be21a0452cacd76c61315fc847"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2a6579bdcbb64e998da2066c8c2a5d39">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1524377982">from</strong> is negative:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s524978df4cf14be9b46334952e1d3c61"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4a5c535b9f47466089ec09e455e63137">substrb(string,from)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae9c9590641294ecca343c8d8e6e0022b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4a5c535b9f47466089ec09e455e63137"></a><a name="l4a5c535b9f47466089ec09e455e63137"></a>Description: The functionality of this function is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b151471956181314">SUBSTR(string,from)</strong>. However, the calculation unit is byte.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aec42a97f89a84c1fa39895b9aa06485c">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a64d1036812f3422da60c036e8722fc99">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sca27aad9635142e29c25fbeed0fbf7e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0e19b1b74b2b480a872ff4e6b09d2795">substrb(string,from,count)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a992fdb20a657416ba6e6cc6bc96b910a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0e19b1b74b2b480a872ff4e6b09d2795"></a><a name="l0e19b1b74b2b480a872ff4e6b09d2795"></a>Description: The functionality of this function is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b51481356171311">SUBSTR(string,from,count)</strong>. However, the calculation unit is byte.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad41e4ad9dc3b4932a475b8d118103ba3">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9008aa8f188d4857af9758312a08fe0a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sc6c2b444f8f348849f939083899f90d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substrb</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lb425e6208c0b443097d75f4de80c0001">trim([leading |trailing |both] [characters] from string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a36bdc079aefa4841b2c648c8e1a864c2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lb425e6208c0b443097d75f4de80c0001"></a><a name="lb425e6208c0b443097d75f4de80c0001"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only the characters (a space by default) from the start/end/both ends of the string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__abda5d494077d463ca1d8f0fa7a9a8ad5">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a38cfb40437f647ed9c7cad610586aa12">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s9d3fbcf451ce410a9e7663243e6799cf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">BOTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xTomxx'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">btrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tom</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s7b842f18280b4311aacf629cfdb6471c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">LEADING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xTomxx'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ltrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tomxx</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s0a9bc73d96204060a46439df1271d116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRAILING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xTomxx'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rtrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xTom</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc1c7b41f04ea4a478d4abf7408f3aa92">rtrim(string [, characters])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4d6d131ce5374523a35ed1069a6281a0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc1c7b41f04ea4a478d4abf7408f3aa92"></a><a name="lc1c7b41f04ea4a478d4abf7408f3aa92"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only characters from characters (a space by default) from the end of string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa1cae75b9d514140b441797c805bed83">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac876f722d7034f65a103d14aad892e55">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s03bf762403d849519ca3d0c64abf55e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rtrim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'TRIMxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rtrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2d02822ac9b0445ebec83bb97e36c221">ltrim(string [, characters])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6a77c1094347489b81811b0793e7912f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l2d02822ac9b0445ebec83bb97e36c221"></a><a name="l2d02822ac9b0445ebec83bb97e36c221"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only characters from characters (a space by default) from the start of string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acb134d2de188447190c9bb20bbe2d709">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__addfc86b788f149c68f92572f9ca8b0a2">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sf221f8773767438c8f5d52fc480022a3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ltrim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'xxxxTRIM'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ltrim</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le3359fef081149e7af27437113a60b71">upper(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a257752927c5d4e2a8b642dd90c1a1bc8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le3359fef081149e7af27437113a60b71"></a><a name="le3359fef081149e7af27437113a60b71"></a>Description: Converts the string into the uppercase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac499592f31c549bc9bc5af33e8c0b236">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__adf096994e4d5495d8e3cae14def08891">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s00c76f17538548eba124a9dc45fc5025"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tom'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">upper</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9e2222a3863e4a09864127a943b8d216">lower(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4a28249e55044acba3b3167f44d5377a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9e2222a3863e4a09864127a943b8d216"></a><a name="l9e2222a3863e4a09864127a943b8d216"></a>Description: Converts the string into the lowercase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae09b6802aba74da0a4d4bf7c2b5e6d03">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad9d94ece20ff46f48424419638b8be6f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s4cbac93b495a41d68f21c04552afa183"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">lower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'TOM'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">lower</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tom</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4452a856682845aebefdfc9eed9ee513">rpad(string varchar, length int [, fill varchar])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ade15ca5614b04d74aebe5124af186b30"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4452a856682845aebefdfc9eed9ee513"></a><a name="l4452a856682845aebefdfc9eed9ee513"></a>Description: Fills up the string to length by appending the characters fill (a space by default). If the string is already longer than length then it is truncated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a892119fb718243bdaf863a21091076a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b84235270695440">length</strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text1139195039">GaussDB(DWS)</span> indicates the character length. One Chinese character is counted as one character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad87b331d981d427e9fc3d792405c4cb6">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__accbbec15d30f4f21b26ce2f162935081">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s2656251f1aee4d7b80463e2877d2fda9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hi'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'xyza'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hixyz</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sb2ce1bad6069410b84dc85f35c3ad439"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hi'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'abcdefg'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpad</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiabc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__la882e99146e8415e8c1e821eaa68fb98">instr(string,substring[,position,occurrence])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6090b7e75dfd4071b9d74ee388744364"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__la882e99146e8415e8c1e821eaa68fb98"></a><a name="la882e99146e8415e8c1e821eaa68fb98"></a>Description: Queries and returns the value of the substring position that occurs the occurrence (first by default) times from the position (1 by default) in the string.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u13c47d6378f94314bf8564d364f11f63"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ldc404beadb014bf6a948375ff1368406">If the value of "position" is 0, 0 is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4d8e03ad4362475d8e501ad659b6cc38">If the value of position is negative, searches backwards from the last nth character in the string, in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611112">n</strong> indicates the absolute value of position.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a29c2e6523677451dab93fdb4391ff235">In this function, the calculation unit is character. One Chinese character is one character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a15faddf8c2544c77b6296b5fdb11f0ae">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a27ee3bc630a9439e8e1be5f617c41257">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s551fcb83ac42416b80ba23c36cf148b2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'corporate floor'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'or'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sd4b846853129431e9073ad231b0cc9a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'corporate floor'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'or'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">instr</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l42f927fbc0304b1bbf42730cc3dd5997">initcap(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad017208a7cbd4cdfaf0cae953296dd0d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l42f927fbc0304b1bbf42730cc3dd5997"></a><a name="l42f927fbc0304b1bbf42730cc3dd5997"></a>Description: The first letter of each word in the string is converted into the uppercase and the other letters are converted into the lowercase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6f1700504d6e47f8baa9ead4792a9bf1">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a218c1e3148b04325baac3e6e4f8bf9eb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s0a0cff603cd244888513b31b010c33e4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">initcap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hi THOMAS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">initcap</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Thomas</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4f739f77d92747579efd42961fcf2314">ascii(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4826416052fd4f24b808ddfc0a408912"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l4f739f77d92747579efd42961fcf2314"></a><a name="l4f739f77d92747579efd42961fcf2314"></a>Description: Indicates the ASCII code of the first character in the string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__adc3019dedef042ea88dc802dc765fc4c">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acb5fcb5c08654dde961fdb4be25f550e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s4540c89e44784b48a5b0da441fe9b29d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ascii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'xyz'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ascii</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l26b70924a5f54781a14f570c0ef03e10">replace(string varchar, search_string varchar, replacement_string varchar)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3048326d155c401fadb0235da8b32920"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l26b70924a5f54781a14f570c0ef03e10"></a><a name="l26b70924a5f54781a14f570c0ef03e10"></a>Description: Replaces all <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527062254">search-string</strong> in the string with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270622513">replacement_string</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aab9994fcb4464307a664e0021fb09cb2">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6999b48ddd8a436cb2b2a2b3803a47e4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s07cd9d24633d4d53aea21ef61f26fc99"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jack and jue'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'j'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'bl'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">black</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blue</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf832e66e73ff47fe89cb58384cd77f26">lpad(string varchar, length int[, repeat_string varchar])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a18a8a6b22ef14928b45986e0c247f909"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf832e66e73ff47fe89cb58384cd77f26"></a><a name="lf832e66e73ff47fe89cb58384cd77f26"></a>Description: Adds a series of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706172552">repeat_string</strong> (a space by default) on the left of the string to generate a new string with the total length of n.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a764398e73738465fb8c8c126c6544ff6">If the length of the string is longer than the specified length, the function truncates the string and returns the substrings with the specified length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad7e735454bd849a1adc54ea72f70da2d">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a030304d8446642cba0bff63ef69d91e1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s83814d98458f4a5ea6775f9be73b3983"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'PAGE 1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'*.'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">PAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sf364c44ba48f41cca783f291026b873b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'abcd'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpad</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l5768cffda63e442b9ddca9858dc33fec">concat(str1,str2)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8abfbc80a7534b9e93f794aaa6a6f674"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l5768cffda63e442b9ddca9858dc33fec"></a><a name="l5768cffda63e442b9ddca9858dc33fec"></a>Description: Connects str1 and str2 and returns the string.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ul912362517337"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li41231625153319">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, a combination of all the non-null strings is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li1169450143319">In the MySQL-compatible mode, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b15849639161619">NULL</strong> is returned if an input string is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b990341531713">NULL</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a30bca9e432e74f93a94d8f72f257b4ac">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a5dbf38540aba4fa6a0ccfa95fca39924">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sefc15f8a0d0a423c813b5a081b218a5c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' World!'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">concat</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l5facdf35fe3746009fed1ee9913f96b2">chr(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac4f888f03806472387cf509601721a32"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l5facdf35fe3746009fed1ee9913f96b2"></a><a name="l5facdf35fe3746009fed1ee9913f96b2"></a>Description: Specifies the character of the ASCII code.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a419ddc1d2e5c4dd991bebf0b93a4610b">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3d29f8acf2bd4b949d9f52c9953f2670">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s76a4b644360f4801ac5a36afc5466966"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">65</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l1772b4ad46aa483898370c00efedb3ac">regexp_substr(source_char, pattern)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a6e9d8a04ce7648e78cf9640df4250fc3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l1772b4ad46aa483898370c00efedb3ac"></a><a name="l1772b4ad46aa483898370c00efedb3ac"></a>Description: Extracts substrings from a regular expression.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2f9ccf90707b430ab6537f6bab1bf571">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__adf28111677d348c399a825c7b60c27bf">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s007ba62f02f6442b945e25f5662a093b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'500 Hello World, Redwood Shores, CA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">',[^,]+,'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;REGEXPR_SUBSTR&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">REGEXPR_SUBSTR</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Redwood</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Shores</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897"></a><a name="le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897"></a>regexp_replace(string, pattern, replacement [,flags ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad2e8030b776b412da8ca69b0df189e57"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897"></a><a name="le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897"></a>Description: Replaces substring matching POSIX regular expression. The source string is returned unchanged if there is no match to the pattern. If there is a match, the source string is returned with the replacement string substituted for the matching substring.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p712402417284">The replacement string can contain \n, where n is 1 through 9, to indicate that the source substring matching the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__i842352697202420">n</em>th parenthesized sub-expression of the pattern should be inserted, and it can contain \&amp; to indicate that the substring matching the entire pattern should be inserted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p7352114642312">The optional <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b45218353">flags</strong> argument contains zero or multiple single-letter flags that change function behavior. The following table lists the options of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b3270169122419">flags</strong> argument.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__table17733955264" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Options of the flags argument</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row127340510264"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" id="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p5734854268">Option</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" id="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p177340520269">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row973416562620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p137341051263">g</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p973418516260">Replace all the matched substrings. (By default, only the first matched substring is replaced.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row0734125112614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p773411514269">B</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p3636102063618">Preferentially use the boost regex regular expression library and its regular expression syntax. By default, the Henry Spencer's regular expression library and its regular expression syntax are used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p8733345153814">In the following cases, the Henry Spencer's regular expression library and its regular expression syntax will be used even if this option is specified:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ul555110131676"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li0552213774">One or multiple characters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b17219926112312">p</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b77474282233">q</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b11162431142310">w</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b521711345237">x</strong> are specified for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1591510392487">flags</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__li165521513978">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b16535325182516">string</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b148818290252">pattern</strong> parameter contains multi-byte characters.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row8734125202619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p1273414572618">b</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p78791916637">Use POSIX Basic Regular Expressions (BREs) for matching.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row1373415518264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p37341358267">c</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p12734552265">Case-sensitive matching</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row14734554265"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p137349522613">e</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p57341514264">Use POSIX Extended Regular Expressions (EREs) for matching. If neither <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b660014203714">b</strong> nor <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b18229116203710">e</strong> is specified and the Henry Spencer's regular expression library is used, Advanced Regular Expressions (AREs), similar to Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCREs), are used for matching; if neither <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b126974479413">b</strong> nor <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b1569713471414">e</strong> is specified and the boost regex regular expression library is used, PCREs are used for matching.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row1173410502616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p873475112620">i</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p157345512266">Case-insensitive matching</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row1773419542617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p1273420514267">m</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p773412516263">Line feed-sensitive matching, which has the same meaning as option <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b83818497471">n</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row77341350262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p373410510261">n</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p207346592612">Line feed-sensitive matching. When this option takes effect, the line separator affects the matching of metacharacters (., ^, $, and [^).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row473519515262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p773511517268">p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p5259613199">Partial line feed-sensitive matching. When this option takes effect, the line separator affects the matching of metacharacters (. and [^).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row1273515515267"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p57356519263">q</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p57357510263">Reset the regular expression to a text string enclosed in double quotation marks ("") and consisting of only common characters.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row14735105122616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p3735195192614">s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p47353519261">Non-line feed-sensitive matching</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row13795154911531"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p87961649125318">t</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p6796144975314">Compact syntax (default). When this option takes effect, all characters matter.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row17362163635315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p636273665316">w</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p84311433111012">Reverse partial line feed-sensitive matching. When this option takes effect, the line separator affects the matching of metacharacters (^ and $).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__row197351956262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="7.7299999999999995%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p197351510268">x</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92.27%" headers="mcps1.3.4.21.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p1473517592613">Extended syntax In contrast to the compact syntax, whitespace characters in regular expressions are ignored in the extended syntax. Whitespace characters include spaces, horizontal tabs, new lines, and any other characters in the space character table.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a3baf65aa7d7b4fc1af1bdc7124bf7730">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4af89433c05c429ea30de489ac8a8579">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s42e8d74f82404d9e9dc99c58d0de6c69"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Thomas'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.[mN]a.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'M'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_replace</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ThM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobarbaz'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'b(..)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'X\\1Y'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'g'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                                                    </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fooXarYXazY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l8da8b6f795964887b2ff308cd3429de1">concat_ws(sep text, str"any" [, str"any" [, ...] ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad78527e21cfd484881444bc2420a5763"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l8da8b6f795964887b2ff308cd3429de1"></a><a name="l8da8b6f795964887b2ff308cd3429de1"></a>Description: The first parameter is used as the separator, which is associated with all following parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a325c4c03b99848c3b73fbfad9fa1572e">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a39159b8a053b4e0aaf1fa53869dd28eb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sbf7554048b9148b8a43fe98a44d8cd61"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concat_ws</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ABCDE'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concat_ws</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ABCDE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l6f7c46f6ad93433dab2047c994388fdc">convert(string bytea, src_encoding name, dest_encoding name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a079bb1c2722041d184dc7bab0bd0cf9f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l6f7c46f6ad93433dab2047c994388fdc"></a><a name="l6f7c46f6ad93433dab2047c994388fdc"></a>Description: Converts the bytea string to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0058965728_b162056063011859">dest_encoding</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270618181">src_encoding</strong> specifies the source code encoding. The string must be valid in this encoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a8924f713f9f04d27a47ae3007264d9d3">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a676a615ce82941df9576f84a4b382ede">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s30e8ca0c20b0424495520aecdba4df30"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'text_in_utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'UTF8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">convert</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x746578745f696e5f75746638</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__note9687131111812"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p11687231171813">If the rule for converting between source to target encoding (for example, GBK and LATIN1) does not exist, the string is returned without conversion. See the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706202738">pg_conversion</strong> system catalog for details.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__p93401438182017">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__screen1550015222817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">show</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server_encoding</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server_encoding</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LATIN1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">some</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">db_latin1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x736f6d652074657874</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">db_latin1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'LATIN1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">convert</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x736f6d652074657874</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l230baa636f2344ae82c2edc24cb7ba7d">convert_from(string bytea, src_encoding name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a22a8748799944c859676e5681af77abe"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l230baa636f2344ae82c2edc24cb7ba7d"></a><a name="l230baa636f2344ae82c2edc24cb7ba7d"></a>Description: Converts the long bytea using the coding mode of the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ac74b2a1f8f744b89951d575c562913fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b838576198">src_encoding</strong> specifies the source code encoding. The string must be valid in this encoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0d87f8bbfc584f76b260c38702665b99">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9717289f38f141f58558339a24cde647">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sc85a3483d5db41efa09b0cacb50240ee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'text_in_utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'UTF8'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_in_utf8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'\x6461746162617365'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'gbk'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf7e796a47260410f9b88df7ac68614e9">convert_to(string text, dest_encoding name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a1451d150acf84c73a0da7579e710c2d5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lf7e796a47260410f9b88df7ac68614e9"></a><a name="lf7e796a47260410f9b88df7ac68614e9"></a>Description: Converts string to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b842352706103758">dest_encoding</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad1835ce6fed540d09ff036168b282d18">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a1cffdd61b501496c8d7af29ced7f3016">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__seb1470fb770142e694ffa2720703ee71"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'some text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'UTF8'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x736f6d652074657874</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'database'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gbk'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">convert_to</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x6461746162617365</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc46eb8b64e8646129d10b4ff470e20d7">string [NOT] LIKE pattern [ESCAPE escape-character]<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__adafe0076739b446f8391027cdae2adf9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lc46eb8b64e8646129d10b4ff470e20d7"></a><a name="lc46eb8b64e8646129d10b4ff470e20d7"></a>Description: Pattern matching function</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afc046b22dfce413f9f39b476937d03f1">If the pattern does not include a percentage sign (%) or an underscore (_), this mode represents itself only. In this case, the behavior of LIKE is the same as the equal operator. The underscore (_) in the pattern matches any single character while one percentage sign (%) matches no or multiple characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a299fa219bd6440a3b4cce11ed9f102d8">To match with underscores (_) or percent signs (%), corresponding characters in pattern must lead escape characters. The default escape character is a backward slash (\) and can be specified using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611025">ESCAPE</strong> clause. To match with escape characters, enter two escape characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a768e3fe1dd204defb3e803969f715c10">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text68416302423">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acdc2e0fe8e70438d8a9c582c1e7824f1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s04a9ee3687984108822e203589091877"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AA_BBCC'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%A@_B%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ESCAPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'@'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sf58b7985fe1f4e52b5f0a0b75098adea"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AA_BBCC'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%A@_B%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s052e1380b41f4cba8ddfabbf77d34ef6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AA@_BBCC'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%A@_B%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfc83a8c808e24b64acd0f5adc5293a9d">REGEXP_LIKE(source_string, pattern [, match_parameter])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a2ac256ab9a154908af96975c81a30350"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__lfc83a8c808e24b64acd0f5adc5293a9d"></a><a name="lfc83a8c808e24b64acd0f5adc5293a9d"></a>Description: Indicates the mode matching function of a regular expression.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a28b59a9b4fbf458c8af6c5e379f532b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611121">source_string</strong> indicates the source string and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611429">pattern</strong> indicates the matching pattern of the regular expression. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270612348">match_parameter</strong> indicates the matching items and the values are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u8a538f49b17f40ac8cfd85bce8a76548"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__la66796cf102b4be29ca3fff36fec3d07">"i": case-insensitive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0c2f868fab0d4c53a98bbf6ad7054b12">"c": case-sensitive</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l88eec494a42e497e809c5bd55e5dc1e6">"n": allowing the metacharacter "." in a regular expression to be matched with a linefeed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l7559ea8b5c844477901b687f9ab2dba7">"m": allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611631">source_string</strong> to be regarded as multiple rows.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ae7d1d968f9044807ab118176f3188e9a">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b8423527061172">match_parameter</strong> is ignored, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611712">case-sensitive</strong> is enabled by default, "." is not matched with a linefeed, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__b84235270611756">source_string</strong> is regarded as a single row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__afc3d57a8cee04a36a0bb765344806926">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text6188191215439">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa9d883699cb14082ac04945a81e0eec2">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sd507f002ba8744588bb4b48ae6160ebc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[A-Z]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s6f907aa3baf44fdcae6b7259101c52e6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[D-Z]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s6851c63a63a7428b812fc2d29269a413"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[A-Z]'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'i'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sfe9aa7a6088b49f690d7c2aa48f3212d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[A-Z]'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regexp_like</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l14ff402d1dd94c5499cd923a992593dd">format(formatstr text [, str"any" [, ...] ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7e8775d4f4cc40f9b01a7cbd797a17b8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l14ff402d1dd94c5499cd923a992593dd"></a><a name="l14ff402d1dd94c5499cd923a992593dd"></a>Description: Formats a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a7baba308692e4b30af532a3b4eb6ecf8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__acf85af7dbc9847ada40d01620168a3e9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__s37b3e7480f804a6f8a0acc542c6aa6c8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello %s, %1$s'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'World'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l49693c632f474da4ae130c0953a93535">md5(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a09f1fbb130954fdab1b58bec8777d1bc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l49693c632f474da4ae130c0953a93535"></a><a name="l49693c632f474da4ae130c0953a93535"></a>Description: Encrypts a string in MD5 mode and returns a value in hexadecimal form.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__n2051d76ed69142c786c1ee8edf7d2804"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a58de7291978f4b4b9bcd8bb6c4b4ba18">MD5 is insecure and is not recommended.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a9f7fff6345aa4e42883b5931d5a0abf8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aa1f61e72270d400ebcce94d297f284d8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__sf4dbaf3e3bc247c4bde6b74a00a5e56c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">md5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="n">md5</span><span class="w">                </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">902</span><span class="n">fbdd2b1df0c4f70b4a5d23525e932</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9ddd2cc3e6a44eb4ab52d86c160cd52f">decode(string text, format text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__aba10210d40eb4dcd85b1127f7754dcff"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l9ddd2cc3e6a44eb4ab52d86c160cd52f"></a><a name="l9ddd2cc3e6a44eb4ab52d86c160cd52f"></a>Description: Decodes binary data from textual representation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a1a799fe518674c238f4c5e71ca15184f">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ad26aa461902b4d25b80726ec0cdb6f41">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__screen86851939112410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ZGF0YWJhc2U='</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'base64'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x6461746162617365</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'\x6461746162617365'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l967b0721ce1742629bae0c45ab67d3fc">encode(data bytea, format text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0e26fde6b67245b3a1ee5ff6d0431249"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l967b0721ce1742629bae0c45ab67d3fc"></a><a name="l967b0721ce1742629bae0c45ab67d3fc"></a>Description: Encodes binary data into a textual representation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a4f9107af6c9d416b80f4e0d0e952b648">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__a0b166637912748028e93417eadde11ed">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__screen1719825510244"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'database'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'base64'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ZGF0YWJhc2U</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__n7edf82c12f1b408cb5b8cf4c5f442cb5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__u788b9901af314bb5a5904c0cf6777bca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l76a1c427122f4701b8b7ecf622841b49">For a string containing newline characters, for example, a string consisting of a newline character and a space, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0085031645_b74234241895">length</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0085031645_b415833319917">lengthb</strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text563441612">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is 2.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__la7076baf1ffa4a9ca9019bed21ff7474">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__text509930790">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0085031645_i842352697202925">n</em> of the CHAR(n) type indicates the number of characters. Therefore, for multiple-octet coded character sets, the length returned by the LENGTHB function may be longer than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__en-us_topic_0085031645_i842352697202939">n</em>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0031.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0031.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd367d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0031.html
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Binary String Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s5850c819655f4dfdb4693e0474352121"><h4 class="sectiontitle">String operators</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__afe0d35b61e0846e4b32399c19bf9deed">SQL defines some string functions that use keywords, rather than commas, to separate arguments.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__u7c143551e8634c5cb0f3c4f600228dc3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l5a8db25b6c7d4fabaa62c129dd458fe3">octet_length(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a647a3c34856f4f30b2d977f68dd5b1c7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l5a8db25b6c7d4fabaa62c129dd458fe3"></a><a name="l5a8db25b6c7d4fabaa62c129dd458fe3"></a>Description: Number of bytes in binary string</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a052c9392b1394030826bd5b15626468c">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__ac013739218a4476a89dda174a3654f4a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s5dab942a8f304327a837e6a1a2d74a51"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">octet_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'jo\\000se'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l56f90666af344e879d7fd243e5f0287d">overlay(string placing string from int [for int])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a01d6f8574cdc4e7ca3f40365943f2406"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l56f90666af344e879d7fd243e5f0287d"></a><a name="l56f90666af344e879d7fd243e5f0287d"></a>Description: Replaces substring.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__adea6b8b3447f4012a0b0b42c19c45fac">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a9e3e137241ee4e13b21b54b6740d7549">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__se989bc02d80a4c6a90a306978f927818"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">overlay</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">placing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\002\\003'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x5402036d6173</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__lcecfdeb272e146ab9830dc9b63b8a277">position(substring in string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a1b883e8262e546b68872ec9eab0c4f8b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__lcecfdeb272e146ab9830dc9b63b8a277"></a><a name="lcecfdeb272e146ab9830dc9b63b8a277"></a>Description: Location of specified substring</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__ae71a8dab6bf6449bbe2ed5c133f4ef28">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__ae28caec031064514a9b246ac6f7d8a91">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__sc44b74b076f54caca0a48305dbb63ac2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\000om'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l392ffb78cab4437bb843c5fad745009b">substring(string [from int] [for int])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a94b5180c06eb47cb96527b43a589b293"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l392ffb78cab4437bb843c5fad745009b"></a><a name="l392ffb78cab4437bb843c5fad745009b"></a>Description: Truncates substring.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a2851abbbe6aa4fa49bbb470d81949b20">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a87e8c05019804dc3913824e18d3fc49f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s4668d7a5350f48df9f2435de780c2e17"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x68006f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__p5161816473">Truncate the time and obtain the number of hours.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__screen775145773120"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2022-07-18 24:38:15'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l2207ec98c0364392bc2891d8ae985094">trim([both] bytes from string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a91c50f29c67a4f01bc01308d552fabd4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l2207ec98c0364392bc2891d8ae985094"></a><a name="l2207ec98c0364392bc2891d8ae985094"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only bytes from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__b8423527069119">bytes</strong> from the start and end of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__b84235270691116">string</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__af843e408d4c24aa8b1a62ef395c9938a">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__ae04a82820d3c4a4b9412f8f83d99891c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s56c352fc33de4772b098880961856104"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\000'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\000Tom\\000'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x546f6d</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s78715de5f02f454cab961a772ef7d138"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Other Binary String Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a436ab2ceddd44524ae653478b335b97f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__text625811735">GaussDB(DWS)</span> also provides the common syntax used for invoking functions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__u6271902f7bab42e281cc05d1fd568fdb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l47e0c674165d42dd8074210ee7c6209a">btrim(string bytea,bytes bytea)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__abdff5d69b30246039260e6243cfacb74"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l47e0c674165d42dd8074210ee7c6209a"></a><a name="l47e0c674165d42dd8074210ee7c6209a"></a>Description: Removes the longest string containing only bytes from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__b1045394505">bytes</strong> from the start and end of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__b1363979455">string</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__ab5395291b1b54fbfa3f102a8cd3d4a08">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__aee1d2708609e4666b9262c30bbda11d9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__se545f86f344f4181acf2ae49ba2962fb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">btrim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\000trim\\000'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\000'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x7472696d</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l8772178689d8496598d6a75c73acde17">get_bit(string, offset)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a1cb86ec632c3464eb9531b91405603f6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l8772178689d8496598d6a75c73acde17"></a><a name="l8772178689d8496598d6a75c73acde17"></a>Description: Extracts bit from string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a638868c159e54544a1807fb81294e423">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__afe012251eef2445eaa1fd83dc0249fb3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s4343d0130cc240619d77e977e954c6d5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l2e2f3a247670401ebb726fc7a65f2735">get_byte(string, offset)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a4072a2c7c64143a899930320b0922cb4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l2e2f3a247670401ebb726fc7a65f2735"></a><a name="l2e2f3a247670401ebb726fc7a65f2735"></a>Description: Extracts byte from string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__aec96cf2804704aee80aefaa65a241ebd">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a76ec2a5891fc4528859f518cbeb7022b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s1ce953a3c8164bb897006055810c6ed8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">109</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l41ef9240588b4a4e8126e1937ff1070d">set_bit(string,offset, newvalue)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a6f97cb962fbd4ab6aee3088ae6a1f8a3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__l41ef9240588b4a4e8126e1937ff1070d"></a><a name="l41ef9240588b4a4e8126e1937ff1070d"></a>Description: Sets bit in string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a11a2afd08f1648b1a2086a8b6051e6f7">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a65229d75914a4f1e8d49e9fec204b579">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__se9cfa8cd9f0f445ab032b728ad6f1684"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x5468006f6d4173</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__lc1873dc00f9d4736b46814ea8c91bf9b">set_byte(string,offset, newvalue)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a8201800073654cfda5a3f6b8c83d8042"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__lc1873dc00f9d4736b46814ea8c91bf9b"></a><a name="lc1873dc00f9d4736b46814ea8c91bf9b"></a>Description: Sets byte in string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a11b85ba31b594bec89f2f1366e0ae181">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__a5f937c1661224b64b34adeb24a8fd199">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830649__s5e5c779cbf0d4eb0af2b46e115051d70"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'Th\\000omas'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x5468006f406173</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0032.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0032.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6401ae89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0032.html
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Bit String Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__s44c4ba691e8644a2a6d893b119fcabbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Bit string operators</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__aa936e56e8fba43d28c99007fbd6c1b2f">Aside from the usual comparison operators, the following operators can be used. Bit string operands of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b84235270694553">&amp;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b8423527069461">|</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b8423527069466">#</strong> must be of equal length. When bit shifting, the original length of the string is preserved by zero padding (if necessary).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__u56ada5f02dbf43b1aa3c1dc8703910f4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__lbe6f9fdf3cb5410a9bdccda75aabc6f9">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a1630e7cd39f74322a2b697c29e2a8d8e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__lbe6f9fdf3cb5410a9bdccda75aabc6f9"></a><a name="lbe6f9fdf3cb5410a9bdccda75aabc6f9"></a>Description: Connects bit strings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ad92499da5ab64c0da881ab2726d2c9a5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__sd5c96a609df74ba68922669284e981cf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'011'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10001011</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l3019ff04f1004736bbc4563faebfb95b">&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ad2a791c49d10454586806ba4c188ac86"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l3019ff04f1004736bbc4563faebfb95b"></a><a name="l3019ff04f1004736bbc4563faebfb95b"></a>Description: AND operation between bit strings</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ae8c2d44f44774c6299d07e9ab120ff7e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__s3991ee554dcb406e8409d3ce24712ede"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'01101'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00001</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l7fa489c2966c451d9093ae3f4a806494">|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__adcc77d56e8cd40e2abf24db33d3cd939"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l7fa489c2966c451d9093ae3f4a806494"></a><a name="l7fa489c2966c451d9093ae3f4a806494"></a>Description: OR operation between bit strings</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a40f5d6aacc924889b10d9de1693efc0c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__sf37bb3f61dc0455ebfd22106bc21f48c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'01101'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11101</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l82dd3a9870ac4a43adbc497387429c0c">#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a2ac7976a31b1471bbda21e9f82e154f7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l82dd3a9870ac4a43adbc497387429c0c"></a><a name="l82dd3a9870ac4a43adbc497387429c0c"></a>Description: OR operation between bit strings if they are inconsistent. If the same positions in the two bit strings are both 1 or 0, the position returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706102316">0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__aa8d88108cd2a46e893d6d3b57ed3942d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__s9b6dc26f22bc41cb81af5fea3e832037"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'01101'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__lb8918255a81d4f97be4f5ce656f77765">~<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__acd8a885268bd46fbbb912493fbeda3e8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__lb8918255a81d4f97be4f5ce656f77765"></a><a name="lb8918255a81d4f97be4f5ce656f77765"></a>Description: NOT operation between bit strings</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ad01d86986e464782a8636d6ff567a9c8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__sce3662f0124a49b88dfd1af0bde69e45"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01110</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l6865262056bc49d38b5257f2735565c8">&lt;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ac324be847a164777bf618745594ff02c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l6865262056bc49d38b5257f2735565c8"></a><a name="l6865262056bc49d38b5257f2735565c8"></a>Description: binary left shift</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a0450a4d5280441a1b0f1b675dccf11a3">For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__saaa4cc4e1855472fa9bd1c38d1b1e494"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l4ee4f43e22124aa4a0918fa83da92658">&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__ae84015f5b44b499d960a0f45d6fed0ef"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__l4ee4f43e22124aa4a0918fa83da92658"></a><a name="l4ee4f43e22124aa4a0918fa83da92658"></a>Description: binary right shift</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__afd62aacf4f584eb0b69c7de0acf9be4f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__sa8ac7b6b2f7e4f8dbcd37f6341b30e8b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="s1">'10001'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a77019b90969b4f24ad86b46e4e4baf76">The following SQL-standard functions work on bit strings as well as character strings: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165116">length</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165122">bit_length</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165129">octet_length</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165133">position</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165139">substring</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165149">overlay</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a13142aedc52e47c1a34e58b04e237134">The following functions work on bit strings as well as binary strings: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165245">get_bit</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165257">set_bit</strong>. When working with a bit string, these functions number the first (leftmost) bit of the string as bit 0.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a7ac9b35f7fc64c1296921f7105a84fab">In addition, it is possible to convert between integral values and type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__b842352706165414">bit</strong>. For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__s84027654c00f4740b10ef532870a8015"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0000101100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">111111010100</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1110'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__n7dbbe60a9d4944e0a81c1c51643b0577"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710779__a14a79494497842bdb7d7844266da1089">Casting to just "bit" means casting to bit(1), and so will deliver only the least significant bit of the integer.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0033.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0033.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Pattern Matching Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p28082073113756">There are three separate approaches to pattern matching provided by the database: the traditional SQL LIKE operator, the more recent SIMILAR TO operator, and POSIX-style regular expressions. Besides these basic operators, functions can be used to extract or replace matching substrings and to split a string at matching locations.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__udfcbeeaf4cc64b9db90723525f465262"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__l6f37aaa24180437c9fc7c84618c55b21">LIKE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__a5589ac8d9e6345ee9da1afcd9ab27f4e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__l6f37aaa24180437c9fc7c84618c55b21"></a><a name="l6f37aaa24180437c9fc7c84618c55b21"></a>Description: checks whether the string matches the mode string following LIKE. The LIKE expression returns true if the string matches the supplied pattern. (As expected, the NOT LIKE expression returns false if LIKE returns true, and vice versa.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4919713194729">Matching rule:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__ol3615725394742"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li60046028101822">This operator can succeed only when its pattern matches the entire string. If you want to match a sequence in any position within the string, the pattern must begin and end with a percent sign.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li6030715994759">The underscore (_) represents (matching) any single character. Percentage (%) indicates the wildcard character of any string.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li34190433213325">To match a literal underscore or percent sign without matching other characters, the respective character in pattern must be preceded by the escape character. The default escape character is the backslash but a different one can be selected by using the ESCAPE clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li10593642102732">To match the escape character itself, write two escape characters. For example: To write a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__b71411628174213">pattern</strong> constant containing a backslash (\), you need to enter two backslashes in SQL statements.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__note29607739213040"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4700225285224">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__b842352706104146">standard_conforming_strings</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__b842352706104150">off</strong>, any backslashes you write in literal string constants will need to be doubled. Therefore, writing a pattern matching a single backslash is actually going to write four backslashes in the statement. You can avoid this by selecting a different escape character by using ESCAPE, so that the backslash is no longer a special character of LIKE. But the backslash is still the special character of the character text analyzer, so you still need two backslashes.) You can also select no escape character by writing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__b17317163311422">ESCAPE ''</strong>. This effectively disables the escape mechanism, which makes it impossible to turn off the special meaning of underscore and percent signs in the pattern.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li15047980104552">The keyword ILIKE can be used instead of LIKE to make the match case-insensitive.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li31695604104529">Operator ~~ is equivalent to LIKE, and operator ~~* corresponds to ILIKE.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__a414a20460d1a4346b12a203247561ed4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s83b59644542e4f6ba795aed4f92c42d0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__sdb57779d1c1e492eb1e140f1f7ad7340"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s8f3a939a32344f1ea3458a0e3780f7d1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'_b_'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s0a694297a415493ea2eeb49ac923fae4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__l1a07346c62824e499e1e59373d2eeac5">SIMILAR TO<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__add71f75c998c44c4bc099a1be58ac8e7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__l1a07346c62824e499e1e59373d2eeac5"></a><a name="l1a07346c62824e499e1e59373d2eeac5"></a>Description: The SIMILAR TO operator returns true or false depending on whether the pattern matches the given string. It is similar to LIKE, except that it interprets the pattern using the SQL standard's definition of a regular expression.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p63670882105319">Matching rule:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__ol61858939105327"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li17469900105327">Like LIKE, this operator succeeds only when its pattern matches the entire string. If you want to match a sequence in any position within the string, the pattern must begin and end with a percent sign.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li17264492105354">The underscore (_) represents (matching) any single character. Percentage (%) indicates the wildcard character of any string.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li8220075105418">SIMILAR TO supports these pattern-matching metacharacters borrowed from POSIX regular expressions:
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__table199321611038" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row3083601711038"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p6509621711038">Metacharacter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3830219211038">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row917541411038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p501109211038">|</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p324528211038">Specifies alternation (either of two alternatives).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row2920753811038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p1700039611038">*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3485482611038">Specifies repetition of the previous item zero or more times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row4525798211038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4201795011038">+</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4801080711038">Specifies repetition of the previous item one or more times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row2944408011038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3616024011038">?</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4329830011038">Specifies repetition of the previous item zero or one time.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row5414038711038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p2329521311038">{m}</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p786412011038">Specifies repetition of the previous item exactly <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__i84235269711275">m</em> times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row366822111038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p2869050811038">{m,}</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4222980711038">Specifies repetition of the previous item <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__i2351192332018">m</em> or more times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row4452394811038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4967002511038">{m,n}</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p6384907011038">Specifies repetition of the previous item at least <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__i842352697112820">m</em> times and does not exceed <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__i842352697112824">n</em> times.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row3777072411038"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3952976911038">()</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4779469811038">Specifies that parentheses () can be used to group items into a single logical item.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row4859307511333"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4372496511333">[...]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.2.1.3.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p5206129211333">Specifies a character class, just as in POSIX regular expressions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li2146628811455">A preamble escape character disables the special meaning of any of these metacharacters. The rules for using escape characters are the same as those for LIKE.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p21333220155620">Regular expressions:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p368837915561">The substring function with three parameters, <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l0e44fce441ff4e4fb16e5dc766f2978d">substring(string from pattern for escape)</a>, provides extraction of a substring that matches an SQL regular expression pattern.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__a36e22d93dd5742238688f42bc6c14ccd">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__scf77b2c8a0da46fdb7e0e00eaca04e2b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SIMILAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s8c01295f87cf4a638eca3f75017ce8ed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SIMILAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s680402281862423083c04c02cc4130f6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SIMILAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%(b|d)%'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__s0a1e44fee38c41a7a436362b68305cb8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SIMILAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(b|c)%'</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li9987363112331">POSIX regular expressions<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p51384466172936"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li9987363112331"></a><a name="li9987363112331"></a>Description: A regular expression is a character sequence that is an abbreviated definition of a set of strings (a regular set). If a string is a member of a regular expression described by a regular expression, the string matches the regular expression. POSIX regular expressions provide a more powerful means for pattern matching than the LIKE and SIMILAR TO operators. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__table6512684711360">Table 1 Regular expression match operators</a> lists all available operators for pattern matching using POSIX regular expressions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__table6512684711360"></a><a name="table6512684711360"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__table6512684711360" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Regular expression match operators</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row1082180211360"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3735685611360">Operator</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p600647111360">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p1676213111360">Example</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row1664145111360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p578025211360">~</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p6554726211360">Matches regular expression, which is case-sensitive.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p772799211360">'thomas' ~ '.*thomas.*'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row244307011360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p6367099211360">~*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p5707675111360">Matches regular expression, which is case-insensitive.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p5981411411360">'thomas' ~* '.*Thomas.*'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row145611911360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p5083680411360">! ~</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p2414044111360">Does not match regular expression, which is case-sensitive.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p921871911360">'thomas' !~ '.*Thomas.*'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row1585961211360"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p956017311360">! ~*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p3617658011360">Does not match regular expression, which is case-insensitive.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p4462183011360">'thomas' !~* '.*vadim.*'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p11753007112725">Matching rule:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__ol3437970011210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li6571963811210">Unlike LIKE patterns, a regular expression is allowed to match anywhere within a string, unless the regular expression is explicitly anchored to the beginning or end of the string.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li18487261154531">Besides the metacharacters mentioned above, POSIX regular expressions also support the following pattern matching metacharacters:
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__table23243447154559" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row10310639154559"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p263474154559">Metacharacter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p21341433154559">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row55757359154559"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p20052206154559">^</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p13615978154559">Specifies the match starting with a string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row915516111321"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p171561119328">$</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p1841276153213">Specifies the match at the end of a string.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__row24758039154559"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p59244166154559">.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.3.1.2.1.1.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p34048137154559">Matches any single character.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p33919049163723">Regular expressions:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p29077031154354">POSIX regular expressions support the following functions:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__ul65337173113416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li55881025113416">The <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__ld8dcea80ff7a4f82a31eab8e9396ea4c">substring(string from pattern)</a> function provides a method for extracting a substring that matches the POSIX regular expression pattern.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li60331497113424">The <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__le93bdaa34c0441c28759ceb4bdc06897">regexp_replace</a> function provides the function of replacing the substring matching the POSIX regular expression pattern with the new text.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li60380396113431">The <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l20ce459cad154e07b802f6795ec11003">regexp_matches</a> function returns a text array consisting of all captured substrings that match a POSIX regular expression pattern.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li62651184163727">The <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l012d5649840e4577bba0dc409dc23ac4">regexp_split_to_table</a> function splits a string using a POSIX regular expression pattern as a delimiter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__li38721069163749">The <a href="dws_06_0030.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830881__l74d8354e578c490797f3a6e0668107a9">regexp_split_to_array</a> function behaves the same as regexp_split_to_table, except that regexp_split_to_array returns its result as an array of text.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__note320352448503"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p2269115185020">The regular expression split functions ignore zero-length matches, which occur at the beginning or end of a string or after the previous match. This is contrary to the strict definition of regular expression matching. The latter is implemented by regexp_matches, but the former is usually the most commonly used behavior in practice.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p11013123114022">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen60387985114233"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen6356423015229"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen5707214815646"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen4711882815742"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="o">!~*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen470228142244"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'^a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen56778065142330"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(b|d)'</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__screen6311928142425"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'^(b|c)'</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830830__p593122584719">Although most regular expression searches can be executed quickly, the time and memory for regular expression processing can still be manually controlled. It is not recommended that you accept the regular expression search mode from the non-security mode source. If you must do this, you are advised to add the statement timeout limit. The search with the SIMILAR TO mode has the same security risks as the SIMILAR TO provides many capabilities that are the same as those of the POSIX- style regular expression. The LIKE search is much simpler than the other two options. Therefore, it is more secure to accept the non-secure mode source search.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Mathematical Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa8c98aed067f475d8098a0a038df54d0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Numeric operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ue903c955be034ababa29ac036fb058c9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l84dc3c93d8b449c4bbbb8b715f921ccd">+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aadc3d012102d40faa3e7319a14e3d7f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l84dc3c93d8b449c4bbbb8b715f921ccd"></a><a name="l84dc3c93d8b449c4bbbb8b715f921ccd"></a>Description: Addition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae8a3662585764b5a91e667047c38bba8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sda73555cc0024905b095a2e5ff3afd57"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__laa1a4003be524abcad51b14034b68c28">-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aed6ac38cefa84c51833b0961f8905c2b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__laa1a4003be524abcad51b14034b68c28"></a><a name="laa1a4003be524abcad51b14034b68c28"></a>Description: Subtraction</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a6a924edf3cde4954955e757ddb93221a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s687a31014ddc447d9a7e4e8c1341f728"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l1a7b10cac0754ca7b6d83eaa11a54756">*<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__afa15ec6729b7421baf0c57f4643bdff4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l1a7b10cac0754ca7b6d83eaa11a54756"></a><a name="l1a7b10cac0754ca7b6d83eaa11a54756"></a>Description: multiply</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a6ed2577d668348cd8a1374d999a16e25">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s0f5b97e1fe8446f4995f6e44215f4842"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lea85cfcc65ae4c4594532e900a57a1f8">/<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aba2fd5ccaf5a4c0a90a4658ce8fe13b6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lea85cfcc65ae4c4594532e900a57a1f8"></a><a name="lea85cfcc65ae4c4594532e900a57a1f8"></a>Description: Division (The result is not rounded.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3b4fff5f8f8d489087d30bab4e2f6780">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s3a63fd4b9cf34ce9a8dcb84dca1a77c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s0042bc5973464715a0cbbbf91814974f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">33333333333333</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ldab61ad44ea24186ade47aedbfecb764">+/-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a7737f1d385ac420d925df59457dd2279"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ldab61ad44ea24186ade47aedbfecb764"></a><a name="ldab61ad44ea24186ade47aedbfecb764"></a>Description: Positive/negative</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ac3406d2d1b9d480fbf2649d39af51a18">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s04cc5d0f7e764033bd5fe0a7b3b3bda1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l529f6314091647258a734e942d1bc0b9">%<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a82e32fa139f0437e8eb95e13483688b0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l529f6314091647258a734e942d1bc0b9"></a><a name="l529f6314091647258a734e942d1bc0b9"></a>Description: Model (to obtain the remainder)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af1304066eaed4136a1f510ea60cd6e7f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa37b7ba051a04bed8b5164b63aa7f093"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4b4c7473e1184ee7ba1aaaae85736ed7">@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a08ad83df59ea499a8b9d8519589fb114"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4b4c7473e1184ee7ba1aaaae85736ed7"></a><a name="l4b4c7473e1184ee7ba1aaaae85736ed7"></a>Description: Absolute value</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa6665f9978c24bfebf0e3c96f7e1340c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sb5445bce38594e898f88b5d98080b99c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc7aa5afba9e94ed1a42cbdaf1a3d0d36">^<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af734e4892cfa434a9eb212c7e761590d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc7aa5afba9e94ed1a42cbdaf1a3d0d36"></a><a name="lc7aa5afba9e94ed1a42cbdaf1a3d0d36"></a>Description: Power (exponent calculation)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__p26502061422">In MySQL-compatible mode, this operator means exclusive or. For details, see operator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b859673201617">#</strong> in <a href="dws_06_0032.html">Bit String Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae773aef201504114837df76b1dd6575f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__se7a3bb9365734dfca37c6ae07fc19307"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000000000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2bf0a63e8067402796e31179ebedbfce">|/<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae960d2c5ac154266a9f43dc50898e3d6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2bf0a63e8067402796e31179ebedbfce"></a><a name="l2bf0a63e8067402796e31179ebedbfce"></a>Description: Square root</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8acc9d6d2713413c873dbec06d4291cb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s168fc5e1c0b945c1921ee57e5f72bdb8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lf5c21706c3f34b12b99d2f31f3dccfa5">||/<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__adc8fed79a2494ce996fe30dd215b340d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lf5c21706c3f34b12b99d2f31f3dccfa5"></a><a name="lf5c21706c3f34b12b99d2f31f3dccfa5"></a>Description: Cubic root</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2f608b509d744398ac9dca21c4175c5b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa533b6ab6fb8450687a7c5006829fa9e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lddcf0263415d4ff2916fee42f9d7da66">!<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2125290f19ad4738a56df875001746b1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lddcf0263415d4ff2916fee42f9d7da66"></a><a name="lddcf0263415d4ff2916fee42f9d7da66"></a>Description: Factorial</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__afbd624f940b44692a1e25ee3e8fc0814">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sb0f14f777d744cfc842c10ab56da6a59"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l1c693a66d15947898787e2c3cf1af27e">!!<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a15e8d099fd914066b48f508a3f227c11"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l1c693a66d15947898787e2c3cf1af27e"></a><a name="l1c693a66d15947898787e2c3cf1af27e"></a>Description: Factorial (prefix operator)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__abf7d20c1c5e9436483cf7cdf6d525df6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sd6e878b616ba457184603363801268bd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l90c3fecb51ed4f38ba09d6f227a36929">&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__adac2f9ebb46d43ef99a98a5450a53c23"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l90c3fecb51ed4f38ba09d6f227a36929"></a><a name="l90c3fecb51ed4f38ba09d6f227a36929"></a>Description: Binary AND</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a896a3841c9574f7088af914df4fde249">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s01451e29584b4ca5a1e9c917f4f9b628"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">91</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l02d16cb1716e4a2186000c5e66e42b06">|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab8db8a43b76b46caac70b30c4ddbc01e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l02d16cb1716e4a2186000c5e66e42b06"></a><a name="l02d16cb1716e4a2186000c5e66e42b06"></a>Description: Binary OR</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a1f5b3d7c860a4631b40475e5cdc3ddff">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa74a019314a5494a80ced429eb3bfd48"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld07da2dacb9745a5aaa10f9f73904799">#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a09cd7f7787d0461ebd0a927ebe36d215"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld07da2dacb9745a5aaa10f9f73904799"></a><a name="ld07da2dacb9745a5aaa10f9f73904799"></a>Description: Binary XOR</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a12a1250b4ff343ef825bce390cd37cf0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sce9e1e82653a44e3911516ab4dd2fcca"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">#</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l20feed1cab2a4959a23bfc710d8e0d6f">~<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3cf79ec651e64054ad9cc4159b1ae854"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l20feed1cab2a4959a23bfc710d8e0d6f"></a><a name="l20feed1cab2a4959a23bfc710d8e0d6f"></a>Description: Binary NOT</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__adcc37460a8ef446f8c06f53b03083c68">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s748f2bce82b143ad9f8dd7dbd7dc1af2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l92f15ed5fa5745e3a72943bae44e1a62">&lt;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a6d8aeb9a0ed3496080f40d25d1f1bac3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l92f15ed5fa5745e3a72943bae44e1a62"></a><a name="l92f15ed5fa5745e3a72943bae44e1a62"></a>Description: Binary shift left</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a45ec2ff9e97d4500aaeaac45cdcec3ea">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s779dccaa355b4dc39569cf6f756b5155"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l48fc6f2f78d14efab20fe7b1521d6cb7">&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3efe5fcdaab14bcc873f4c92669c3b0b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l48fc6f2f78d14efab20fe7b1521d6cb7"></a><a name="l48fc6f2f78d14efab20fe7b1521d6cb7"></a>Description: Binary shift right</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8f249525db8a473da8c7016efb717722">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa0b9ce1a59c74f939718fb961fa49a15"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s81bcdb47de4f4f7d9d36292572c2a3c0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Numeric operation functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ua6d2b45c63924dad8aa953fd307af268"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l96ad0b0d18a346989203c24462febe21">abs(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ac98efdecb7b0476186029f8439d5c380"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l96ad0b0d18a346989203c24462febe21"></a><a name="l96ad0b0d18a346989203c24462febe21"></a>Description: Absolute value</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a7af7a6f78f1a4395baed1a4a0ce32608">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a968bfa65a57b4c538a846637978d9f9e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa4a51f7a94c6478cb0a4bb6ff56eea23"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">abs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lcfc5922ddb2d443198dac128ca5d6ce1">acos(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa0fdcbf61d8247d39edab1d5ba513253"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lcfc5922ddb2d443198dac128ca5d6ce1"></a><a name="lcfc5922ddb2d443198dac128ca5d6ce1"></a>Description: Arc cosine</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a0670e245240d451eaedfeb2191fe902c">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a7c376cf8941a4f38ae267a507889d7c6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__saa74d8d62d024ae2a3f87a2d13d251ee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">acos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">acos</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14159265358979</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc6a60a7eba594f5a8718bd8a0ac9d969">asin(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aad5ad4f78dfb442f99d136d9d30f00f8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc6a60a7eba594f5a8718bd8a0ac9d969"></a><a name="lc6a60a7eba594f5a8718bd8a0ac9d969"></a>Description: Arc sine</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a664f31256e904f21adf95f40dcb10e53">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a47323c5e6bdb471884d4a8613de62d0f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sf1cd28973c31401bac8b978761175cd4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">asin</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">523598775598299</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lecfe63c6e55849dc8157ed6ad414a6e4">atan(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a4ec8435675b44dbea2cd99de7110c177"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lecfe63c6e55849dc8157ed6ad414a6e4"></a><a name="lecfe63c6e55849dc8157ed6ad414a6e4"></a>Description: Arc tangent</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae1e4ab6a24f74fc09e02988308dbf793">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a95a40ea240784ff98d7366902502aaca">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s6555ff8bd9024dc98a540ed3e9393da2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">atan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">atan</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">785398163397448</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2f5e32d6638841b5857dac4655e83755">atan2(y, x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a466f2c0e796546f1b3423639cd4e4b9a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2f5e32d6638841b5857dac4655e83755"></a><a name="l2f5e32d6638841b5857dac4655e83755"></a>Description: Arc tangent of y/x</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a0e61340b10d74ceaa4f5bb1a51112c70">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a56c62825f5944f9d9259dfc0b5ae3979">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s45796fed0c1f4744bf56b9ddafbff8cb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">atan2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">atan2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10714871779409</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l82c6c3a34a54483e8a0316f6154a98e6">bitand(integer, integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa5b84d2cb5a6443b8c7e13badc701626"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l82c6c3a34a54483e8a0316f6154a98e6"></a><a name="l82c6c3a34a54483e8a0316f6154a98e6"></a>Description: Performs AND (&amp;) operation on two integers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a1b3a3290e7964c1e85075d91dfd9a54a">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a78f6be862b8e45f486dc1c3950bc3d10">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s05674f0617d645009876a94ecd6d7249"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bitand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">127</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">63</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bitand</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">63</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l9431109a5bbb4d10bd57a9bcad4e6cd5">cbrt(dp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a83c6d2bd4a504722aa3f6b18f443684e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l9431109a5bbb4d10bd57a9bcad4e6cd5"></a><a name="l9431109a5bbb4d10bd57a9bcad4e6cd5"></a>Description: Cubic root</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab49383ae198842c197b32a1a016185b8">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a6ff9409cce98425aa456d28e9da696bb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s92389362d15145e3821afa76436d2303"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cbrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cbrt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la060f3dbf44a49978834d5d650d5aa46">ceil(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8378f107c50848aba6d1ffcd4e1c174c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la060f3dbf44a49978834d5d650d5aa46"></a><a name="la060f3dbf44a49978834d5d650d5aa46"></a>Description: Minimum integer greater than or equal to the parameter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__afe2acafb1a3446659761235e3e451f4a">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aeaea586d55c64e328462bb6b9701f784">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sd6fad64b49b441ba9e99341e8a1634d4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ceil</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ceil</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l527f8595d53a47e3aacb7bf5b3e8ca32">ceiling(dp or numeric)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a1a1fddf99a694bee948cf3ab2fef9bab"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l527f8595d53a47e3aacb7bf5b3e8ca32"></a><a name="l527f8595d53a47e3aacb7bf5b3e8ca32"></a>Description: Minimum integer (alias of ceil) greater than or equal to the parameter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a864063cb901d4c45bf68ea24c95854b0">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a222ed5cba6f04276b6e79598c98ae5ac">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s26a3a1d1f62c4363a8780655c6d31635"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ceiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">95</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ceiling</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">95</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l96342c4bc2e04757b0dc594e36925ebd">cos(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a09803bd2580d488c98f1d4fc44c40e97"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l96342c4bc2e04757b0dc594e36925ebd"></a><a name="l96342c4bc2e04757b0dc594e36925ebd"></a>Description: Cosine</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a46e3689450d4416ab5bd9eda30e01ade">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ad258d12462e54c0587701237b093bfa3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sbdfbff761e974ba79541a1d43dbe79bd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1415927</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999999999</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld3b8c7df061f4ac2987127cbb1a205fb">cot(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2f6841a80eca4e9ea67dff9dcd77d5de"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld3b8c7df061f4ac2987127cbb1a205fb"></a><a name="ld3b8c7df061f4ac2987127cbb1a205fb"></a>Description: Cotangent</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a6e5789fab6bf4d9c891781cc5b1f0057">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aeed4a8c0db18424e90d697b04cdfdda3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s6ed3ca2941ff4cbdbcad8f0102594da3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">cot</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">642092615934331</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l400e57e290654232a56bebe991d02983">degrees(dp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ac3950890b09c478a8ffb715060da0fe9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l400e57e290654232a56bebe991d02983"></a><a name="l400e57e290654232a56bebe991d02983"></a>Description: Converts radians to angles.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a594e682fd37444a8bbc3f726580559c2">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8071161aa42c4ef88b4eeca240c16f5e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s69d98b5ffc9d466cbcaadd9a5f22a2e1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">degrees</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">degrees</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6478897565412</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4a9ccfdf972a4476b4049d95bc60e037">div(y numeric, x numeric)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae6a64651f1dd44c6863638f8673ed15e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4a9ccfdf972a4476b4049d95bc60e037"></a><a name="l4a9ccfdf972a4476b4049d95bc60e037"></a>Description: Integer part of y/x</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa297e10012cd41c39b7abf2676f07a51">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a5ea36a78f24b43be9b293c02923aa6bf">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s9d05cce88a914774b3fb8a655bb64efc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">div</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">div</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la022ca9c2d4c4cae998a12e7d4ce72b6">exp(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a1879d76745a244de906edad7dba32ee6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la022ca9c2d4c4cae998a12e7d4ce72b6"></a><a name="la022ca9c2d4c4cae998a12e7d4ce72b6"></a>Description: Natural exponent</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a9ac9b30054ba47a09d9e9dcd535ac000">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a26b7a3b23c6a46ec918bb61f6100713f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s2c540bba99514309a095604403a5a9cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">7182818284590452</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4131cfca905a4e9793eb8ec13ce697da">floor(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2b689108ada2452085b35178639b9cd5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4131cfca905a4e9793eb8ec13ce697da"></a><a name="l4131cfca905a4e9793eb8ec13ce697da"></a>Description: Not larger than the maximum integer of the parameter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2b0860f6f07247f8943711d4a05b59c5">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a1f160f450a464a6a8d004750795d463c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sa8c4c9ae293740b5bfe2410d7af2ecb1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">43</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l644162054f364c30ae4c201c8440d70f">radians(dp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a563995968e444b2eb6ab7dbf59154cbb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l644162054f364c30ae4c201c8440d70f"></a><a name="l644162054f364c30ae4c201c8440d70f"></a>Description: Converts angles to radians.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a33152af0659843e6864ab81056f6fcc1">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a823bc542d4eb40cf9ccc414bda7cc474">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s858572d927cb4ab7b4ee8ce6a5baabb2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">radians</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">radians</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">785398163397448</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ldcd4417620664f5ba12fa6b7cbaa41ea">random()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af36e5538fb4b4ac29715caae8f9d8351"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ldcd4417620664f5ba12fa6b7cbaa41ea"></a><a name="ldcd4417620664f5ba12fa6b7cbaa41ea"></a>Description: Random number between 0.0 and 1.0</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a17cdd3c8e6b14640add534af1ef85f53">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a4f6ef4f468f74633a49ad77026573220">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s936d399e3f7d4a9d93a6d3d0d539a8a3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">random</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">824823560658842</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l85ce86e03de64edd8ab73f39b8cb397b">ln(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aea2a61d8df0545a8b7c3ad8010c90773"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l85ce86e03de64edd8ab73f39b8cb397b"></a><a name="l85ce86e03de64edd8ab73f39b8cb397b"></a>Description: Natural logarithm</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2c3d0ca2a1b14bd2b8de59c4a462004c">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__acb4eda04705a47c7ad3cb8cdddbe87ca">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s9314138d3fb140328c21a02fe5015d15"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ln</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6931471805599453</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4e9fb7a637094d7ba094d03f4a409f79">log(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab5a25c4c7adc406bb102560e68d9e054"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l4e9fb7a637094d7ba094d03f4a409f79"></a><a name="l4e9fb7a637094d7ba094d03f4a409f79"></a>Description: Logarithm with 10 as the base</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ul386331015416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__li128645107412">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, this operator means the logarithm with 10 as the base.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__li107931012184216">In the MySQL-compatible mode, this operator means the natural logarithm.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8f42ee4588d9461890307eed3e361ef2">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a680a3a23de0a49d5bf00eca0350b1ad4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s91c6c5a053584c9ba25a75f011fda0d3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- ORA-compatible mode</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000000000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- TD-compatible mode</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000000000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- MySQL-compatible mode</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6051701859880914</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2a0964f990a44c9d9e5675cb715b469b">log(b numeric, x numeric)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a950b415acc8941939ad4849fe6f66fa3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l2a0964f990a44c9d9e5675cb715b469b"></a><a name="l2a0964f990a44c9d9e5675cb715b469b"></a>Description: Logarithm with b as the base</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af7a44a4da26244ada1edac8b7b929e59">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a99f3b7c3873a475e9cea4b53057b4761">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sba34c0f0f5d64b11bc08e7fe9b3347d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000000000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l13756cf179dd49f4b5c97d03f781384e">mod(x,y)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab30a6050c73c4c2f9a782368fc4f6055"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l13756cf179dd49f4b5c97d03f781384e"></a><a name="l13756cf179dd49f4b5c97d03f781384e"></a>Description:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af8bece7b68a9499d8fe8140a637c5df1">Remainder of x/y (model)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ac8fec299e99e429e9f67a90f4ee23e45">If x equals to 0, y is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a77121b0d242a4097819a1e6bc93ebd7e">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a4cabf2d780b54c0989b68f30cdca4c5a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s679d08a176404c32a9f39c70c69abf8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mod</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s9ca40963909c4a28b20ff3eabd861de4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mod</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lfbaeec00ac3a4f0a9d633f14f457d10c">pi()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a92b80b811972453d852753a89548025f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lfbaeec00ac3a4f0a9d633f14f457d10c"></a><a name="lfbaeec00ac3a4f0a9d633f14f457d10c"></a>Description: π constant value</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3c3ef881817a4eb29d903ce832887e1c">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a99596f5842904348934086e2a7d824f5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sbaba4523611e42b097b5caa5d99f4e62"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pi</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pi</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">14159265358979</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l7db752101d194be78b0ea1267c966d6c">power(a double precision, b double precision)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__acf20b6670c8a4dd39b13d7b555d470d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l7db752101d194be78b0ea1267c966d6c"></a><a name="l7db752101d194be78b0ea1267c966d6c"></a>Description: b power of a</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae248d8611fd2458dafda034b3a364f12">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a0c7a104753ae42c29272fdcc9370aee1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sf3d05d57c2a649debc015c04642a3b8e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">power</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">power</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">729</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000000000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l8b13198943b64ec599a748953350beb7">round(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a62f8f2dd79094c588f0fbcb2b9cd2edf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l8b13198943b64ec599a748953350beb7"></a><a name="l8b13198943b64ec599a748953350beb7"></a>Description: Integer closest to the input parameter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a142b804dcc2541cf927a72df497de210">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a7fe505aa41134118ae015b40942140d4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s3b8074bfc1d1476f871a6774fb6af335"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">43</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__note163221654118"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__p1161473014112">When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b653962182718">round</strong> function is invoked, the numeric type is rounded to zero. While on most computers, the real number and the double-precision number are rounded to the nearest even number.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lf28de1f5bb214604a5f63d7d356186dc">round(v numeric, s int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aabfbd32db26048af9788b438caaab671"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lf28de1f5bb214604a5f63d7d356186dc"></a><a name="lf28de1f5bb214604a5f63d7d356186dc"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b842352706223012">s</strong> digits are kept after the decimal point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a50b5c78fcac5403291848fb7839f41c6">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3fcd0f0faa5c4b92899050f5b816aa31">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sd8383bf69e3a4623a366f0b8f533f1f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4382</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc2d40a4a1a7d49c6b12df6c75a8165ae">setseed(dp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa5d637a0b2824008bdf7685d7707bc35"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc2d40a4a1a7d49c6b12df6c75a8165ae"></a><a name="lc2d40a4a1a7d49c6b12df6c75a8165ae"></a>Description: Sets seed for the following random() invoking (between -1.0 and 1.0, inclusive).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a323064e1cb2d4c5d9fbdb43442381b7f">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab8a32c116c0445ef8fc81341e2ab14fc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s6a066499e0da4b0898d1fffa7c19ae57"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setseed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">54823</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setseed</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld677d9a83c494bf495d12c29c65a2f57">sign(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab3e8b7633ced4092bb506d4ccc9579dd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ld677d9a83c494bf495d12c29c65a2f57"></a><a name="ld677d9a83c494bf495d12c29c65a2f57"></a>Description: returns symbols of this parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a291b85cd5cca4ddfbb12150768dbc8d8">The return value type:-1 indicates negative. 0 indicates 0, and 1 indicates a positive number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__add4784244ce94d72ae12a535466956b6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s30e736095bb347e59a4cf90d67dc5a78"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sign</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l76f12d5fff444997a1f98b5ca8fd846a">sin(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aca5dc65f6dd14b5c8945790a1b3d3a65"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l76f12d5fff444997a1f98b5ca8fd846a"></a><a name="l76f12d5fff444997a1f98b5ca8fd846a"></a>Description: Sine</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af9a44d2d902448c4aaccff2f02dae4c9">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a8b4172ddb7ee441b9eee75b363644a8a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s0ec4b8ea8f5d4412a4b62669e34daa5e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">57079</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999979986</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__laeb39be23b2b4ee6b90432d59f309cb0">sqrt(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a86df4c7fe90345508d5c8ede4dba4a59"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__laeb39be23b2b4ee6b90432d59f309cb0"></a><a name="laeb39be23b2b4ee6b90432d59f309cb0"></a>Description: Square root</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a67ef4e8850e84c91b0858db13e39f6dc">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa7beb4e347ea4d509ca6dbc67b247ee1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s662d04ac4643401da0abd187d272d898"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">414213562373095</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l800934168d4945e3ac6940e044abb0a9">tan(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a5837faea8cc84b49b2fa42c08c105ee6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l800934168d4945e3ac6940e044abb0a9"></a><a name="l800934168d4945e3ac6940e044abb0a9"></a>Description: Tangent</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ab3c914f9ed6c49bd90b8b90373140d61">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a94ab44eb2d884435b21b90111a2ecd67">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__sd582ea814e854641b402d196e9906b35"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">tan</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">23716094422474</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc6a38363db4040bbbcaa7999c226d7bf">trunc(x)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a2bc98b92a38d4f059eed19bf25ccaaee"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__lc6a38363db4040bbbcaa7999c226d7bf"></a><a name="lc6a38363db4040bbbcaa7999c226d7bf"></a>Description: truncates (the integral part).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a66557342c5214705b8545e98fa35da56">Return type: same as the input</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a291836eeb909479d976e6e3c43860e8f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s473ac77e0ac64cb98cca5ff676759d2f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la67e615bb01a48b6ad328f337b4c1fdd">trunc(v numeric, s int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a9595eb85108f4396b5cba8ce64a81446"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__la67e615bb01a48b6ad328f337b4c1fdd"></a><a name="la67e615bb01a48b6ad328f337b4c1fdd"></a>Description: Truncates a number with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b842352706144954">s</strong> digits after the decimal point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__af4b94cba24d746a09fe0f72ae3931e76">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a16c6595c7200483cba82cace6e7a5eb0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__secc0bba206674e45b4a555613c837f33"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4382</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">43</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l31f21d82d02943ab93e5041423c29f59">width_bucket(op numeric, b1 numeric, b2 numeric, count int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__ae38f4a8930a04533a5db6ce18c58d0ae"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l31f21d82d02943ab93e5041423c29f59"></a><a name="l31f21d82d02943ab93e5041423c29f59"></a>Description: Returns a bucket to which the operand will be assigned in an equidepth histogram with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b842352706192847">count</strong> buckets, ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b842352706192849">b1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b842352706192852">b2</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__aa7e9f7b521db470382088b519f87ee96">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a3d7e4645e03d4b0392a26ce58a7214f4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__s5d2b4a1ea30b41f48c321f25510762de"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width_bucket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">024</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width_bucket</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l5116ea4adb53454ebfc26ac086ddfb2a">width_bucket(op dp, b1 dp, b2 dp, count int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a7da14c8be6ac469a87e1933b39792380"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__l5116ea4adb53454ebfc26ac086ddfb2a"></a><a name="l5116ea4adb53454ebfc26ac086ddfb2a"></a>Description: Returns a bucket to which the operand will be assigned in an equidepth histogram with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b464094190">count</strong> buckets, ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b1565313407">b1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__b872614405">b2</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a38acbd48b4834a1b953633c2e4018a57">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__a940c61bb02364bae9416e5ea21289c5e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910967__safe4598421fe474a8daefc981c11bc82"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width_bucket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">024</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width_bucket</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0035.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0035.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sa4ff9d16bc80420db551f4f9f8c80161"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Date and Time Operators</h4><div class="warning" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__nf5abf2bc432f4b3c8fdf6c720f31e08c"><span class="warningtitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/warning_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="warningbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a26dffac09780468285dea67f95b5e888">When the user uses date/time operators, explicit type prefixes are modified for corresponding operands to ensure that the operands parsed by the database are consistent with what the user expects, and no unexpected results occur.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ad150ae005da54b74a0af7db82b50a0d5">For example, abnormal mistakes will occur in the following example without an explicit data type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s3a3a796558af403e8953cd04d3574ceb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-10-01'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'7'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__t655afb3fb598412dbb7b1bba2554860d" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Time and date operators</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rc180008c99d042738e794490060ef2d3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a00e9e1e176ed4b6d8120a31708e001f3">Operators</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aec67bddd35174de9a91c88aeded5b29b">Examples</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__raab0f820fcde4608943c8f90634b9092"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="7" valign="top" width="8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae814dc250ce44e0682605d00ca3d0269">+</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p15607103722517">Add a date with an integer to obtain the date after 7 days.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s4b812aee65174bb582c643110c0079fe"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'7'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rd841aea8b9764360bf4a74ddd92b9f00"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p69841941112813">Add a date with an interval to obtain the time after 1 hour.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sd5d89ea272a845a492ef95d227836b1f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r0334b32f0dca4489977bf5799864e889"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p188701258163512">Add a date with a time to obtain a specific time.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sf45826a416d24d33b9401196401b7df1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'03:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row10212193815383"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p13563143161511">Add a date with an interval to obtain the time after one month.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1876480153215">If the sum or subtraction results fall beyond the date range of a month, the result will be rounded to the last day of the month.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen2382102293"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2021-01-31'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 month'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen41307317339"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2021-02-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 month'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r9666917681d9411391e6d91da94cdd15"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p393719282183">Add two intervals to obtain the sum.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s849214c960574848b7eb26e65664826d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r5bbcf4a20e8c40aea5ac237a74ba4286"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p2990163314186">Add a timestamp with an interval to obtain the time after 23 hours.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s6f12fa1379e74a52968b279848a57210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28 01:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'23 hours'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r06d2030f4e554278b5932c46bee23d39"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p15274105851817">Add a time with an interval to obtain the time after three hours.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s6cb557002cfa42af802ed877b761c0fd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'01:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'3 hours'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rc6ef9fcbc47f4a32a828dc957a88bc45"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="9" valign="top" width="8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa8d10b628cf54725a88e56ab53590423">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p415634715286">Subtract a date from another to obtain the difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sf6722291d9e2482c8c8fab32e8cf70cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-10-01'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r6a9ead6945f04246b2d129bc1f704770"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p58361851102814">Subtract an integer from a date, the return is a timestamp type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sed026bd88e0942349b5b15594acf60d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-10-01'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'7'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r558d2c27d2074e879d42035fb6660ef7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1352215565289">Subtract an interval from a date to obtain the time difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s6d994b05c9c54161bf74cacae634ec10"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r89b2506550e94508bd9371d16cdc7634"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p146576014297">Subtract a time from another time to obtain the time difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s79d25af6be1b4d93a8fd0f290f4c125e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'05:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'03:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r63f87b6e4e874ec0803e7094d3e3d2bf"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1329174122911">Subtract an interval from a time to obtain the time difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s3610b1313da04a769d256a786bde2c5f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'05:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2 hours'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rb3be3a35f2a54cafae118bbc8f88b7b0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p765318172913">Subtract an interval from a timestamp to obtain the date difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sc94cad01869d42d08456dc7e5842641a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-28 23:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'23 hours'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rc1a8aaaedcc842a4a4b6bd8864e9b8ed"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p16700343145411">Subtract an interval from another interval to obtain the time difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s71882b787f234b688b957156c384dc57"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row72751923182012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p422894919546">Subtract a timestamp from another timestamp to obtain the time difference.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen459863416207"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-29 03:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-09-27 12:00'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r1011e50d830e4165abf26316924626f4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1191128143917">Obtain the time at the previous day.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen677203018209"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2022</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">46</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">555406</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r1451e8564f8d4aef82e101dda9086e31"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a9cd9faf75f9340a99c16625ce4eacdf3">*</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p85551437171212">Multiply an interval by a quantity:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sb3a61e1ef63b4340a987d746734578e0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 second'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__rbb9e1b53db604497b9f5fcd79e5f3dd9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s47d995137862447594f6e0e7a64f0c34"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ra957c6916bd34ab39b559954985e9237"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sdb5c65fb9e984d3fb330dc9def27e403"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">precision</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'3.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__r26bc4200b9624354acf8f3d5dd3c580d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__adb6e702ad3ef460e973dd92d7d3f4291">/</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="92%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p14521132561010">Divide an interval by a quantity to obtain a time segment.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__se54eef4090c24273a49bec06a20c8481"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 hour'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">precision</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s4407fdacc1724beda8f698fafe65a4f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Time/Date functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__u876a0fb4ac484ef8a1882657b40f83d7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l77cb9aee82f34b59abc483907d77f94b">age(timestamp, timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac41b0605a8e049c0b0a995d392ebb1dd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l77cb9aee82f34b59abc483907d77f94b"></a><a name="l77cb9aee82f34b59abc483907d77f94b"></a>Description: Subtracts arguments, producing a result in YYYY-MM-DD format. If the result is negative, the returned result is also negative.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ab9e70d85a7fa43edaa06f2eda1014b82">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5da71350c87440028ffa8d24e3c17cf6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s8b964ac2ad22485985831df921b67081"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">age</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-04-10'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1957-06-13'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">age</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">43</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l694d844a60454af797471a2f7a036128">age(timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a37c97294cffe4f7e876a4d6b3c8c46d8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l694d844a60454af797471a2f7a036128"></a><a name="l694d844a60454af797471a2f7a036128"></a>Description: Subtracts from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__en-us_topic_0058965855_b842352706104556">current_date</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a0024e23426374fcebb7b644ccc15431f">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aea569c880b5a4e6285e0d12b6e8d7a76">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__scc13c7e1614b4b43b8ec01ba17cf3354"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">age</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1957-06-13'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">age</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">years</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li789946175814">timestampdiff(field, timestamp1, timestamp2)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p134009121903"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li789946175814"></a><a name="li789946175814"></a>Description: Subtracts <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1990344022712">timestamp1</strong> from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1355314436270">timestamp2</strong> and returns the difference in the unit of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b148891649162715">field</strong>. If the difference is negative, this function returns it normally. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b16924194943016">field</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b17522125583015">day</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b55111458163016">month</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b13417228313">quarter</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b13406543120">day</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b28717783117">week</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b688281015314">hour</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b10786201403116">minute</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b341613180317">second</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b189301222123116">microsecond</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p740014127017">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p740014121608">For example:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen245120519815"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__text166018559128"></span>SELECT timestampdiff(day, timestamp '2001-02-01', timestamp '2003-05-01 12:05:55');
+ timestampdiff 
+---------------
+      819
+(1 row)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l0b4160f178d5452b97e866a9968b6638">clock_timestamp()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ab305ba3b389e4d3fb204bdfe20f95d74"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l0b4160f178d5452b97e866a9968b6638"></a><a name="l0b4160f178d5452b97e866a9968b6638"></a>Description: Specifies the current timestamp of the real-time clock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a713e38a1bdc24781839bffedee7d0d3b">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae46c903bc35344d6b52f895782264341">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sc81945acfa6641388403c6bed39fc606"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clock_timestamp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">clock_timestamp</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">57</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">636205</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l09d627b8d4a048aaabd4b20556cd7165">current_date<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__af22bae86220d4534a0a99cbd502a9880"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l09d627b8d4a048aaabd4b20556cd7165"></a><a name="l09d627b8d4a048aaabd4b20556cd7165"></a>Description: Current date</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5ac6d8b9850c480ea6f67ad6a60d7dbf">Return type: date</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3221672fada547e98795ea4ba71463fc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s94edd8bbd74f4091a82300a891eb0814"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l2979016975e647a98f6b32bfb38a8c1a">current_time<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aaacb7ab6bb694b7fa9248bad3539ebc4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l2979016975e647a98f6b32bfb38a8c1a"></a><a name="l2979016975e647a98f6b32bfb38a8c1a"></a>Description: Current time</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a076f8c648a194e6cb8e2b77d0c962fc8">Return type: time with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a935af1cb55f3443aa3957bed3415ed9b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s9a197bd84f784f7c83aa4a5ac2961c8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_time</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">timetz</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">58</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">07</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">086215</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l8dcecc8e79bd42a79721f42ed0b24bc7">current_timestamp<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae87b2b540aad42cd9b97a9e138f1728b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l8dcecc8e79bd42a79721f42ed0b24bc7"></a><a name="l8dcecc8e79bd42a79721f42ed0b24bc7"></a>Description: Specifies the current date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aeeec2a750a8d4218866e9617e41c825e">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3b8cb39270e546888d53e5302c2f8cab">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s806dc11cd3934660b7a415af32003424"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pg_systimestamp</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">58</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22173</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l94cd0a7eab414b8b921afd431dfa4720">date_part(text, timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a523de77d68b44e9c896db2d74d6e5477"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l94cd0a7eab414b8b921afd431dfa4720"></a><a name="l94cd0a7eab414b8b921afd431dfa4720"></a>Description:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a812657c3fbed42feb5d3740a7480e076">Description: Obtains the hour.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a438c42d6a1f340a9ac377fb8dde42dbb">Equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__en-us_topic_0058965855_b842352706103558_3">extract(field from timestamp)</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae685b7c652ec426bb6b7eecc99f01dd8">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a12343112833c4c7ca94d9f5430570882">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s55d2e371a9ac4e7a9a26a2788b78fbae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hour'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lcbadb09ef7c24de79577de12cd7e5a1c">date_part(text, interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a86c2d8ca1750455cb126194f9c87d651"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lcbadb09ef7c24de79577de12cd7e5a1c"></a><a name="lcbadb09ef7c24de79577de12cd7e5a1c"></a>Description:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a16b13f2b6e8f41bb949f35ff00061645">Obtains the month. If the value is greater than 12, obtain the remainder after it is divided by 12.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a88574f7c33c04acaaf0ce621ee91a7b4">Equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1973188601">extract(field from timestamp)</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2f1b8d7b93814d37aa4c22d957ca88f4">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa3c4538e0bee415a865c05b75527bdb2">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__scc1aadca003f473d862a1855238d2835"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'month'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2 years 3 months'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ldffe7ecad14648eab3c70b8d06568eef">date_trunc(text, timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a1698aef0c83343f4a34ca5a99721208d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ldffe7ecad14648eab3c70b8d06568eef"></a><a name="ldffe7ecad14648eab3c70b8d06568eef"></a>Description: Truncates to the precision specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b8423527061825">text</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a226672c07b5e40cf829ef8c5e82f345b">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a594277b6f7774ecc934a045ba3aeb0b2">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s73c49171be364f1a96a52d0fd2416e02"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hour'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">date_trunc</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li585692513377">trunc(timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1849614510377"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li585692513377"></a><a name="li585692513377"></a>Description: By default, the data is intercepted by day.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p5814123412386">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen12672171215111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">                                                                                                                                                                   </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc801444f92d1455d9990eccc185f26bc">extract(field from timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__afa04826eee1841c4b6cf6f6b0725d68c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc801444f92d1455d9990eccc185f26bc"></a><a name="lc801444f92d1455d9990eccc185f26bc"></a>Description: Obtains the hour.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa113a3e7d97b44638619c925f496c3c6">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2567787cc778448ea8997beb92f642d8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s6d369891dbcf4bc58b8b7d22b260c352"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">extract</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld6fd1263c4b0472db0675a51d334250d">extract(field from interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a1aa85464f0d342a8a91ef536f9750662"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld6fd1263c4b0472db0675a51d334250d"></a><a name="ld6fd1263c4b0472db0675a51d334250d"></a>Description: Obtains the month. If the value is greater than 12, obtain the remainder after it is divided by 12.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a748b45bfc8df46168fbf9c17358097e3">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa4a696f3723340a8a373406aa3d7b131">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s9dc044782f0c465da9639a473a9f7741"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">extract</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">month</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2 years 3 months'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la08757200dfd4beeb08331c80336a169">isfinite(date)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3463e0d50ee240b19abb15f2d29f444c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la08757200dfd4beeb08331c80336a169"></a><a name="la08757200dfd4beeb08331c80336a169"></a>Description: Tests for valid date.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a4c75d2025ec84f14b910d31ff6482e76">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__text1446316316483">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aee66dfe406d540dea656659d4c3e78f3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s73c3715157e247bfb5b3ccec456260a4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc85d34963b404994ab2b30440647343b">isfinite(timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa0b99063538d4027b28ff149c308ace2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc85d34963b404994ab2b30440647343b"></a><a name="lc85d34963b404994ab2b30440647343b"></a>Description: Tests for valid timestamp.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ada16a0980f0a47b491e81f9c65efec53">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__text6588213104812">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa8469b508ae04c8f8151a3174f878e59">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__se07bb238d95c43a98e5d9879c2b34660"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 21:28:30'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9f88557fcffb4eec9b3886cdabd71f32">isfinite(interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ab55621e08ce84f5eaaba0b9d82799daf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9f88557fcffb4eec9b3886cdabd71f32"></a><a name="l9f88557fcffb4eec9b3886cdabd71f32"></a>Description: Tests for valid interval.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a4669503e1af844bc8d0b5884f33493f8">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__text1177417196485">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3cfb3d7cee8245969006feca631a5e6e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s153a6e305d844444acfceebb30d8bc35"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'4 hours'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isfinite</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l37728bb596254fb8842c729a3c4bd5f2">justify_days(interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a6550aaa0dd284b379d24c030887d40ca"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l37728bb596254fb8842c729a3c4bd5f2"></a><a name="l37728bb596254fb8842c729a3c4bd5f2"></a>Description: Adjusts interval to 30-day time periods are represented as months</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a69b6b8878d234a59935bc7c98051f73f">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a6b8c7dcd085d41e88fb7845c39759535">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__scb9324c42a374a5480cfd8fe774228b4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">justify_days</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'35 days'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">justify_days</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l4a14068a46094ee0bfa666a1bb5f4d29">justify_hours(interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a268ca66a2bd2479e868d2806e6526912"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l4a14068a46094ee0bfa666a1bb5f4d29"></a><a name="l4a14068a46094ee0bfa666a1bb5f4d29"></a>Description: Adjusts interval to 24-hour time periods are represented as days</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a4c7577c005b646e6837c658b037186cf">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa453d2b410bf49468fd015b3112d5735">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s8570e03021464b0a89f2b712e9a73f9a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JUSTIFY_HOURS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'27 HOURS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">justify_hours</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">day</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc5342c3c73844465a9aa322dde5457fe">justify_interval(interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa06f170e991b4194a95b8a10a6235c98"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lc5342c3c73844465a9aa322dde5457fe"></a><a name="lc5342c3c73844465a9aa322dde5457fe"></a>Description: Adjusts <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b961682234">interval</strong> using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b46210818232">justify_days</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b6633816238">justify_hours</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a45446786cbdf44f38f5d358b37f8fca1">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a94c7dc7b2f20479bb843fb05bb27efd3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sdc9ef8881faa435daec26e6def7f3e40"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JUSTIFY_INTERVAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 MON -1 HOUR'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">justify_interval</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld3b089af810b4ed295dcf774760510a0">localtime<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__adf7e9173feb645dbb0b19e905f52cfd1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld3b089af810b4ed295dcf774760510a0"></a><a name="ld3b089af810b4ed295dcf774760510a0"></a>Description: Current time</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a154a8bc6fdd64e28ba3ecffd6e4c6267">Return type: time</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa3dd37500f3a465da5b6636d98e70bb1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s56c0375f77ea4298b4b3923daeccacbe"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">localtime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">55</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">664681</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l70a7a369b1be40b5bb1a5a7016aa307e">localtimestamp<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a46099442f78144a0963318ead70ae762"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l70a7a369b1be40b5bb1a5a7016aa307e"></a><a name="l70a7a369b1be40b5bb1a5a7016aa307e"></a>Description: Specifies the current date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a38ef5674c05b48f6992d655f174e1d89">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__addca4b23adbc4049bed0c7c6cdd34674">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sc83a6946ac8548bbb5b96c0453508b4a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">localtimestamp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">781902</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__le00349de454c4975940c65756b5a3e66">now()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a94bdc87643c5434eb25f35cfae71e3b5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__le00349de454c4975940c65756b5a3e66"></a><a name="le00349de454c4975940c65756b5a3e66"></a>Description: Timestamp indicating the start of the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae4a9969ab8994f1483f2a8ae8d789eb7">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5be2a4466fda417097a751e89d482ad4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s58a9b1e8e1de4cf2976a7d7fe9c8ac75"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">now</span><span class="w">              </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">549426</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l2e6de494af134dc098380e93e5b89264">numtodsinterval(num, interval_unit)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2f23d38e29dc472aba62234b619df9c0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l2e6de494af134dc098380e93e5b89264"></a><a name="l2e6de494af134dc098380e93e5b89264"></a>Description: Converts a number to the interval type. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270620148">num</strong> is a numeric-typed number. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b8423527062028">interval_unit</strong> is a string in the following format: 'DAY' | 'HOUR' | 'MINUTE' | 'SECOND'</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p656525774711">You can set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b173520398163">IntervalStyle</strong> parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1566152815374">oracle</strong> to be compatible with the interval output format of the function in the Oracle database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac371b8f3dc1a4e98abd3e23e0813b28e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s7ee87a8f93f04bfe89922fc3017b2c22"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numtodsinterval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'HOUR'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numtodsinterval</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">intervalstyle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oracle</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numtodsinterval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'HOUR'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">numtodsinterval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">000000004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf1dea7a18aa04c4e9a1da540e31b33f4">pg_sleep(seconds)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a69bdb4897ec14d7e8600e8506a4bb4ed"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf1dea7a18aa04c4e9a1da540e31b33f4"></a><a name="lf1dea7a18aa04c4e9a1da540e31b33f4"></a>Description: Specifies the delay time of the server thread in unit of second.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5f3d26f04c2d4c5d9101e67f25f03da4">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a684f49c98db8499a91fffb56fa8c843a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s3a5add43999c417d803ceec75e8d3699"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lde150a51973a4d50a6c2b6b5778b64df">statement_timestamp()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__acc49e71fbcce44e4a07a914c2547b592"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lde150a51973a4d50a6c2b6b5778b64df"></a><a name="lde150a51973a4d50a6c2b6b5778b64df"></a>Description: Specifies the current date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__af61ce84dba2043158c0449a36c187dd1">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a7208e0fb9e4e44c6b50ef0ee34d085f7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s0c7a132fffa24872b87977851173b391"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">statement_timestamp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">statement_timestamp</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">119267</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9f974ee57ae8460e929386513c9bf6a5">sysdate<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3626c71037664bf0b99da55ef9a9cd15"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9f974ee57ae8460e929386513c9bf6a5"></a><a name="l9f974ee57ae8460e929386513c9bf6a5"></a>Description: Specifies the current date and time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__afc26df9f73234ea2affaff8e8537af76">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a360a4e372862405196576e72687c7846">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sb886c87436034d3da3c3dc199ad4b076"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">sysdate</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l057a28e53b4c40d4a3a0723abcb17381">timeofday()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__acd763b9abfd6484dbf50fd0046808e2d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l057a28e53b4c40d4a3a0723abcb17381"></a><a name="l057a28e53b4c40d4a3a0723abcb17381"></a>Description: Current date and time (like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706105217">clock_timestamp</strong>, but returned as a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706105226">text</strong> string)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__acc335bbbf9ec466bb13304c4dbc6aaaf">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac3e97d0f2847433b83ee4641c4465506">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s687f51a2baa14893b80cb197d7c69f7e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timeofday</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">timeofday</span><span class="w">              </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fri</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">167506</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CST</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld614684efa8d4a8d9805a84ef9d541e5">transaction_timestamp()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aa77ff81adf5341e488f4896f48e73caa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ld614684efa8d4a8d9805a84ef9d541e5"></a><a name="ld614684efa8d4a8d9805a84ef9d541e5"></a>Description: Current date and time (equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270610596">current_timestamp</strong>)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ad1e09384a2cf4cb9a280164573e6228e">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a9530a864abf14b1f878acd34bff3cdab">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sf791ab8fe0d440f6b2d138d9436b9312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">transaction_timestamp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">transaction_timestamp</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">534454</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lee66b6fa01074024808e2570ecf3ff0f">add_months(d,n)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a724e9848c8a14877af05ddd891c58dc4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lee66b6fa01074024808e2570ecf3ff0f"></a><a name="lee66b6fa01074024808e2570ecf3ff0f"></a>Description: Calculates the time point day and time of nth months.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a0a98341a35104d85aca68a8f2246c16f">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ad93930e67d8946a5b8f72abfe1272efe">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s57fda36034a843899b23524455102e55"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2017-5-29'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyy-mm-dd'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">add_months</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2018</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__laa59fd853d134d6997a3d6a0f489e32c">last_day(d)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a51e40e97b5e24d13b77920038a9328c5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__laa59fd853d134d6997a3d6a0f489e32c"></a><a name="laa59fd853d134d6997a3d6a0f489e32c"></a>Description: Calculates the time of the last day in the month.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ul16899354154517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li1489915444513">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, the return type is timestamp.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li88991454104510">In the MySQL-compatible mode, the return type is date.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__acab9e731ba20478c80f4cc41a2ea9904">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s37de551c2d4345548b7b1421f5d3f307"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_day</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2017-01-01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'YYYY-MM-DD'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cal_result</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">cal_result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ub209c949949945d8aabe0187ed013ae9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l75e2a76a02cc437890bbb1fc81eb6cfc">next_day(x,y)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac55d7d696bbb4b0fb06aabd2529a468d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l75e2a76a02cc437890bbb1fc81eb6cfc"></a><a name="l75e2a76a02cc437890bbb1fc81eb6cfc"></a>Description: Calculates the time of the next week y started from x</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ul131790108540"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li71804100543">In the ORA- or TD-compatible mode, the return type is timestamp.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li1180710195415">In the MySQL-compatible mode, the return type is date.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2df9901d26c44c36ad80a9cf9dd84f51">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s9b1904b90ca043fdae8ab936f3d18368"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">next_day</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2017-05-25 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Sunday'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cal_result</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">cal_result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li18530195381417">to_days(timestamp)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1091637203710"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__li18530195381417"></a><a name="li18530195381417"></a>Description: Returns the number of days from the first day of year 0 to a specified date.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p628118253363">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p826029161516">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen1326182981514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_days</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2008-10-07'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">733687</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s46aae9f2fd354b0881ea30d645533c72"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s46aae9f2fd354b0881ea30d645533c72"></a><a name="s46aae9f2fd354b0881ea30d645533c72"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">EXTRACT</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2a42c7b0db8a4385a1b5f0b9ca31ca16"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a1389a7c6f10f4e908b0930aa7cd1e69a">EXTRACT(</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac9bf5af929fd4f75a94101133184750b">field </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a9bd77c3240114c8b81d7e060a912e210">FROM </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__acd843a3181b24fb29495159f5d89792b">source</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5f00c4f3ec7541398e13d4a4451cc859">)</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__af89794a380554ab5a6e39f77975de12f">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611021">extract</strong> function retrieves subcolumns such as year or hour from date/time values. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611115">source</strong> must be a value expression of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611315">timestamp</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611323">time</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611330">interval</strong>. (Expressions of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611347">date</strong> are cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611358">timestamp</strong> and can therefore be used as well.) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611435">field</strong> is an identifier or string that selects what column to extract from the source value. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611518">extract</strong> function returns values of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611529">double precision</strong>. The following are valid field names:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ub747f59c268745d3b3fa68249fe000c4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l74fbca2704d044c48cc4ac9b7da5e413">century<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a0a1bc9d50f4247fbb78320984cc4394f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l74fbca2704d044c48cc4ac9b7da5e413"></a><a name="l74fbca2704d044c48cc4ac9b7da5e413"></a>Century</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a60eb92fe9fc849cca66a575038146f76">The first century starts at 0001-01-01 00:00:00 AD. This definition applies to all Gregorian calendar countries. There is no century number 0. You go from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706142422">-1</strong> century to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706142425">1</strong> century.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__af6e68d7eca77456ab596fdce0fb7f70c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sb2070d27ce8c41c08934de26886dc07a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CENTURY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2000-12-16 12:21:13'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lfdeaf693ae8243dca30c2fa148dd5a04">day<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__uc233183729ad4aac9c35f25c225119f8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l41e0f52b93ae4f39b7e069b2658723e1">For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706111252">timestamp</strong> values, the day (of the month) column (1–31)<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sa342f06e7e8a43b78aaabe9c9f42d38f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lbf4583033bc24b30b218cfbcf11b0391">For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706111335">interval</strong> values, the number of days<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s4f1112629cb24d208de9889401e4166b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DAY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'40 days 1 minute'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf6bc3581aa0248c88f74ff60a846bb0d">decade<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a3e695d0ac7ff4872b1e2fec67ec96ab6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf6bc3581aa0248c88f74ff60a846bb0d"></a><a name="lf6bc3581aa0248c88f74ff60a846bb0d"></a>Year column divided by 10</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s71ffa785f0ae4bd78223215723c4c980"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DECADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l01fcb235656c462587761c68a3d1243b">dow<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a34dd1fcc185741bc89b1a994b5543484"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l01fcb235656c462587761c68a3d1243b"></a><a name="l01fcb235656c462587761c68a3d1243b"></a>Day of the week as Sunday(<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706111418">0</strong>) to Saturday (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706111422">6</strong>)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s122dcd1e3b6347c4a55910569a947b3e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9893be68c4024a41be182827f434210a">doy<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2542925c37d64619a7a8a1aee2aa9315"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9893be68c4024a41be182827f434210a"></a><a name="l9893be68c4024a41be182827f434210a"></a>Day of the year (1–365 or 366)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s57066c1dd58f47708b53fd98dfc49144"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DOY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">47</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l10e1ecd3d85d4f6b86b4bc261d0d290f">epoch<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__u67d14cf4099144a8a423ad428bef0527"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l4301fe94bfad48018a3805dbe13017e1">For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706113955">timestamp with time zone</strong> values, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (can be negative);<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a713ba48ed14c49e5acf7670015c5a5b5">for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611411">date</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270611416">timestamp</strong> values, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 local time;</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a84498f6ba1cf4964bdb17a6c09f4d394">for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706114140">interval</strong> values, the total number of seconds in the interval.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sf9584756749144a89279bf0596b2e2ef"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EPOCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ZONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40.12-08'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">982384720</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s11391e49bcc4410586df6d8366efa67d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EPOCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'5 days 3 hours'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">442800</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lac794eb5df5c476c8499370a5150b0c6">Way to convert an epoch value back to a timestamp<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s905a183064d34e0591a2bbdae51777cf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ZONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'epoch'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">982384720</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 second'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l200073a9fc9240b09ee1966efe7149a1">hour<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ae723373534634557829efc88688fc71c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l200073a9fc9240b09ee1966efe7149a1"></a><a name="l200073a9fc9240b09ee1966efe7149a1"></a>Hour column (0–23)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__se0fffc08901b4c3b924160b5b2aa911d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l09a53823c10543a2965777215b67567d">isodow<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2da4d87c8d124d619c2bb32bd5c817e9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l09a53823c10543a2965777215b67567d"></a><a name="l09a53823c10543a2965777215b67567d"></a>Day of the week (1–7)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a19f2ad91cf9d47508d6c0731cb14d27b">Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__n0d0f5b3a69194f918b4c43de8da9e248"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5ce6e34208a74c53a2f2cbb77918977f">This is identical to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706114435">dow</strong> except for Sunday.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s7f83a56fe7244a5281e0831a8bbb1ddd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ISODOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-18 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l48911d76fc1b4de2a92d72f71fbf2ef9">isoyear<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a5dc24f2ef3404863a2371e5a2c78b609"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l48911d76fc1b4de2a92d72f71fbf2ef9"></a><a name="l48911d76fc1b4de2a92d72f71fbf2ef9"></a>The ISO 8601 year that the date falls in (not applicable to intervals).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aef342aeca7564300ab6a7f63a49d27d1">Each ISO year begins with the Monday of the week containing the 4th of January, so in early January or late December the ISO year may be different from the Gregorian year. See the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270614155">week</strong> column for more information.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__saa369da365814dc8a8a8b8878e2b526b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ISOYEAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2006-01-01'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2005</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sbe10957f8f7a4224b0ce79622229ed5a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ISOYEAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2006-01-02'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2006</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l5d31cf10f0114c798450e0c3df45439d">microseconds<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a258b761133144c19a0489e50c56c1e47"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l5d31cf10f0114c798450e0c3df45439d"></a><a name="l5d31cf10f0114c798450e0c3df45439d"></a>The seconds column, including fractional parts, multiplied by 1,000,000</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s56622fcd1fcb4c1cbe735b0556b6fe48"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MICROSECONDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'17:12:28.5'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">28500000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9ee66d7c47294d3daa184d9c5678d40f">millennium<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aee02b6aad43946c1b71ba112e2bb8d11"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l9ee66d7c47294d3daa184d9c5678d40f"></a><a name="l9ee66d7c47294d3daa184d9c5678d40f"></a>Millennium</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a84ea4fcb74a74566ad7dca62cb612585">Years in the 1900s are in the second millennium. The third millennium started from January 1, 2001.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s7ed4a25c448b4ab5af039dd249cef7fa"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MILLENNIUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l52acf6f09f904cf3977574ecea2eb87c">milliseconds<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a23a53be0e6624a359261b75f863ab77e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l52acf6f09f904cf3977574ecea2eb87c"></a><a name="l52acf6f09f904cf3977574ecea2eb87c"></a>The seconds column, including fractional parts, multiplied by 1000. Note that this includes full seconds.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s93c9e740655143a392956da6dcf7860b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MILLISECONDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'17:12:28.5'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">28500</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l6ebf066614fc41ddb087055341a3838a">minute<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a113fb023b2a94ebdb5ee5b33e51f83d5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l6ebf066614fc41ddb087055341a3838a"></a><a name="l6ebf066614fc41ddb087055341a3838a"></a>Minutes column (0–59)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s3816acbe23ec42f985a1d00db80ac6dc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">38</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l259415f0112d49b9bff6db0f85475970">month<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a2869d269d475485bb7ea8afc6ae71548"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l259415f0112d49b9bff6db0f85475970"></a><a name="l259415f0112d49b9bff6db0f85475970"></a>For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b8423527061486">timestamp</strong> values, the number of the month within the year (1–12);</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__secbc6c7bfeee4fd8b4b0b8d0524455d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MONTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a37e4df3ec3534ab385d3aee111b2fba6">For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b8423527061495">interval</strong> values, the number of months, modulo 12 (0–11)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s8d29984c93de4b44902c38d406b4dca3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MONTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2 years 13 months'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l130327713e724976a70893da444e0366">quarter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a595bbddb1f1e403eaea83f929a96543c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l130327713e724976a70893da444e0366"></a><a name="l130327713e724976a70893da444e0366"></a>Quarter of the year (1–4) that the date is in</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s3cb352bc05d84cafb97d1852db89ff49"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QUARTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l96f29bbd5e234401add476914d38b829">second<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a8bc52015d6604442a5d93ca6bffc3d6f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l96f29bbd5e234401add476914d38b829"></a><a name="l96f29bbd5e234401add476914d38b829"></a>Seconds column, including fractional parts (0–59)</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__sc62a761cbf58471c92c529c51f2677c7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'17:12:28.5'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__labf658092c1447a5b918f60e7b024dd4">timezone<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a58d7120730514ce4b28c541b45598cb5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__labf658092c1447a5b918f60e7b024dd4"></a><a name="labf658092c1447a5b918f60e7b024dd4"></a>The time zone offset from UTC, measured in seconds. Positive values correspond to time zones east of UTC, negative values to zones west of UTC.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la52456e144bb418796c745e0a61eebba">timezone_hour<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a80fdafa9ccf74e4db01c12549e73362e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la52456e144bb418796c745e0a61eebba"></a><a name="la52456e144bb418796c745e0a61eebba"></a>The hour component of the time zone offset</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l287f29fbc38649c9886cc52b29c03c9c">timezone_minute<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a0db073d5176a43c3b1bfa72fd521a1c3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__l287f29fbc38649c9886cc52b29c03c9c"></a><a name="l287f29fbc38649c9886cc52b29c03c9c"></a>The minute component of the time zone offset</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la5d0ae2eab66457c8e43ce78fd256508">week<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a32e387ccd1af4d7ca1adad509d46b678"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__la5d0ae2eab66457c8e43ce78fd256508"></a><a name="la5d0ae2eab66457c8e43ce78fd256508"></a>The number of the week of the year that the day is in. By definition (ISO 8601), the first week of a year contains January 4 of that year. (The ISO-8601 week starts on Monday.) In other words, the first Thursday of a year is in week 1 of that year.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a84ad432aaeb545c3a6867097d5385132">Because of this, it is possible for early January dates to be part of the 52nd or 53rd week of the previous year, and late December dates to be part of the 1st week of the next year. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706142712">2005-01-01</strong> is part of the 53rd week of year 2004, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706142742">2006-01-01</strong> is part of the 52nd week of year 2005, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706142817">2012-12-31</strong> is part of the 1st week of year 2013. You are advised to use the columns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270695433">isoyear</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270695442">week</strong> together to ensure consistency.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__scba37cbccb93453c87b7aace5b46b611"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WEEK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf63ea954260f456dbcb67838edec39aa">year<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a003fe8734eaa4233ba147de4e70af573"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__lf63ea954260f456dbcb67838edec39aa"></a><a name="lf63ea954260f456dbcb67838edec39aa"></a>Year column</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s87c7559221e04d69b2315a692582c003"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">YEAR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s6e862f9edf6b459f87da0ba7432d4244"><h4 class="sectiontitle">date_part</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac207817e3f254379912108bcf9582dd9">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270614365">date_part</strong> function is modeled on the traditional Ingres equivalent to the SQL-standard function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b842352706143618">extract</strong>:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__ac8dc090f2eeb46df92d055204f831795"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a962a2af75fbb4d61856c3f3cda05a0f6">date_part('</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a54dc4bc560e04b92908b15ab94fff735">field</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a82b41e5b5cd24641948ec7f797f4b5c6">', </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a898e89e39de04e7ca9e26e3e41220da3">source</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a7f0eaef707ae41a69f05130a6e87f966">)</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__aad51d5d86f7b48dd94bce69720919b1c">Note that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270614371">field</strong> must be a string, rather than a name. The valid field names are the same as those for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b84235270614383">extract</strong>. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s46aae9f2fd354b0881ea30d645533c72">EXTRACT</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__a00fe76bb42c0441eb1127e565ea87167">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s75db025691524627a44c8cb67d2cae41"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'day'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2001-02-16 20:38:40'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__s760054d5cc6b43f3942cafc430ba4df2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hour'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTERVAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'4 hours 3 minutes'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__section42717263203"><h4 class="sectiontitle">date_format</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p20406857172011"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1058071682213">date_format(</strong>timestamp, fmt<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b174061657182015">)</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p15406165717201">Converts a date into a string in the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1736751185414">fmt</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p0406157132012">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__screen95761392517"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2009-10-04 22:23:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%M %D %W'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">October</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="n">th</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sunday</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2021-02-20 08:30:45'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2021-02-20 18:10:15'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%r-%T'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">date_format</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PM</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p155715508364">The following table describes the patterns of date parameter values. They can be used for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b108351340193813">date_format</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b19461174243813">time_format</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b94381744193817">str_to_date</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b10206184623814">str_to_time</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1633404943820">from_unixtime</strong> functions.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__table81381552269" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Output formats of date_format</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row7139550262"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" id="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p201391355267">Format</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" id="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p41393519268">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p18224123717550">Value</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row2013919512269"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p913919511267">%a</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p113919542617">Abbreviated week name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p13224123711555">Sun...Sat</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row2139250262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p121398572616">%b</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p141396515266">Abbreviated month name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p142241375555">Jan...Dec</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row6139165142616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p61396514263">%c</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p11139105102614">Month</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p52249371559">0...12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row2139352268"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p377512720413">%D</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1213918542618">Date with a suffix</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p3224937195519">0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ...</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row513916582616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p14818107164115">%d</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p7754165916527">Day in a month (two digits)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p10224153725518">00...31</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row181394572617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p385815712410">%e</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p113925192615">Day in a month</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p10224133725518">0...31</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row81396532610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1088817719415">%f</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1813919572610">Microsecond</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p7224537165512">000000...999999</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row71398518261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p149166764116">%H</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1313914516264">Hour, in 24-hour format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p422416372553">00...23</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row313910517260"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p179431979418">%h</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p171401558269">Hour, in 12-hour format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p6224103715514">01...12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row414011592610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p497113719415">%I</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p414017552612">Hour, in 12-hour format, same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b628133410412">%h</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p182241037165514">01...12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row1714013502617"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p635811413">%i</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1114012572613">Minute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p32251237125518">00...59</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row19140859263"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1631088410">%j</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p314015192615">Day in a year</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p152255377551">001...366</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row114019514264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1358283416">%k</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p31401959260">Hour, in 24-hour format, same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b222790465">%H</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p22258375554">0...23</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row31403519261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p2842810416">%l</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p3140958266">Hour, in 12-hour format, same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1470820381465">%h</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p822533713551">1...12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row1140115172610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p911113824115">%M</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p161401152262">Month name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p32257373558">January...December</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row111402052261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1013820864113">%m</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p16333121665517">Month (two digits)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1422516371554">00...12</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row101401556264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p17167198114117">%p</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1814016519267">Morning and afternoon</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p422543716556">AM PM</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row1114015132616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p20469121310418">%r</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p114085202617">Time, in 12-hour format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p222543714556">hh::mm::ss AM/PM</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row11140253262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1251421324119">%S</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1414013582620">Second</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1122511377556">00...59</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row8140185102614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1554441374110">%s</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1714019516267">Second, same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b165622052111319">%S</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p12225123725516">00...59</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row21403510268"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p35737137418">%T</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p214035172615">Time, in 24-hour format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p922553713553">hh::mm::ss</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row814015132613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p3603131314413">%U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p814065112614">Week (Sunday is the first day of a week)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1622543710551">00...53</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row114016514262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1063351319419">%u</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p41412552615">Week (Monday is the first day of a week)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p72251337105519">00...53</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row61411256262"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p13665151304119">%V</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1314115512614">Week (Sunday is the first day of a week). It is used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b159344573163">%X</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p12225173715516">01...53</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row214125102611"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p5694613174113">%v</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p7141205182617">Week (Monday is the first day of a week). It is used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b313231281716">%x</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p22259375553">01...53</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row121416517264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p117227132417">%W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p5141115162613">Week name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p12251637115520">Sunday...Saturday</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row91418515269"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p6751181316418">%w</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p191417514268">Day of a week. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b19311138181819">0</strong> for Sunday.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p622514371556">0...6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row15141125132616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1779121324119">%X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1014111562616">Year (four digits). It is used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b59114192119">%V</strong>. Sunday is the first day of a week.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p8225123718556">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row16141135142615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1680841320416">%x</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1314165152610">Year (four digits). It is used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b7302194092113">%v</strong>. Monday is the first day of a week.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p7225123765518">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row7141175182619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p13837513144115">%Y</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p5141451268">Year (four digits)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p16225113735512">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row21415582614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p148652131411">%y</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p014175112612">Year (two digits)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1822583775519">-</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row191412542615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p12894111384117">%%</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p614119572616">Character '%'</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p172251237155513">Character '%'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__row81411657263"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.86%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p1992361354110">%<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__i072918398432">x</em></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.440000000000005%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p181417517266">'<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__i1931612231761">x</em>': any character apart from the preceding ones</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="47.699999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.7.7.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p122633712553">Character '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__i636317560167">x</em>'</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__note1428012423197"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__p19280142191914">In the preceding table, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b480317158277">%U</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1097421862711">%u</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b6964162114279">%V</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b180462422718">%v</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b1360462820275">%X</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150944__b6102163218272">%x</strong> are not supported currently.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0036.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0036.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eff228f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0036.html
@@ -0,0 +1,846 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Type Conversion Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__sef14f7941ae04c1189e535a8650e7536"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type Conversion Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ud57aaae35233404a9910044af23079d3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l597b8c50122e4947ae855fe09b02bb42">cast(x as y)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa030adc4a858471b91efa53c21ab3e3a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l597b8c50122e4947ae855fe09b02bb42"></a><a name="l597b8c50122e4947ae855fe09b02bb42"></a>Description: Converts x into the type specified by y.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5aa797640b3c486e9caceac286b316e9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s520f3e5b4a6048be8c026327c3cf7302"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'22-oct-1997'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1997</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l6bce89d1b19a40148e7f8f2ce49497a9">hextoraw(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aedfb053543ca42cf9c1be67165a26966"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l6bce89d1b19a40148e7f8f2ce49497a9"></a><a name="l6bce89d1b19a40148e7f8f2ce49497a9"></a>Description: Converts a string in hexadecimal format into binary format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6c9b140742594c2b901a5159074d84c2">Return type: raw</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3a51cd22d0ff4df0b7cf824957bfd54e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__sac49826ac3324545b5d88fd951aeb953"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hextoraw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'7D'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hextoraw</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__la6a66f9770d4486b989c75f56109a453">numtoday(numeric)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a97347aae6d5c4859bc9c6859b6a8aecc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__la6a66f9770d4486b989c75f56109a453"></a><a name="la6a66f9770d4486b989c75f56109a453"></a>Description: Converts values of the number type into the timestamp of the specified type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac85f5dc7f80e408582873624816cfbe3">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a98b037a9cb4c4aaaa1f7d92dcff04d65">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s20c2c50e275a4d50ad6fd28ecb13d6f5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numtoday</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numtoday</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lbf716b1c1d2b4f75afdff830e520894a">pg_systimestamp()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae120218e65df4d14b61a171798577850"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lbf716b1c1d2b4f75afdff830e520894a"></a><a name="lbf716b1c1d2b4f75afdff830e520894a"></a>Description: Obtains the system timestamp.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad7f4fefe19664984862ec47145e36923">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac2ecbf4d91e142548edcb7398ac5a0b5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s37572930112940c994cd76e2cc0a9b84"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_systimestamp</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pg_systimestamp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">317367</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l0fdf4cccb9e1422ca3c3b9738db9e452">rawtohex(string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__adc58d5486ccd49ec899ce733b2790328"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l0fdf4cccb9e1422ca3c3b9738db9e452"></a><a name="l0fdf4cccb9e1422ca3c3b9738db9e452"></a>Description: Converts a string in binary format into hexadecimal format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a063109821bd84ecb9d5f99dd83892983">The result is the ACSII code of the input characters in hexadecimal format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a92bc7b0b5dfd42af955c294783de2179">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a91c92562344840f9a99b235106463c4b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s358bad1d3c354ef99e4d745bb20a90a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rawtohex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1234567'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">rawtohex</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">31323334353637</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ld4029385e67648ba9685f5d08d246116">to_char (datetime/interval [, fmt])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3f7313f438c9475d8685aa41e482f785"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ld4029385e67648ba9685f5d08d246116"></a><a name="ld4029385e67648ba9685f5d08d246116"></a>Description: Converts a DATETIME or INTERVAL value of the DATE/TIMESTAMP/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE/TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE type into the VARCHAR type according to the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b842352706194736">fmt</strong>. </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__u2c41bb1cf1434de1ac8894381be4380d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l55239ac882834193908556a4bb3975c3">The optional parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b108514019451">fmt</strong> includes the following types: date, time, week, quarter, and century. Each type has a unique template. The templates can be combined together. Common templates include: HH, MM, SS, YYYY, MM, and DD. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae">Table 2</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ld819ed45e94641d2bbb3b78b35c554ad">A template may have a modification word. FM is a common modification word and is used to suppress the preceding zero or the following blank spaces.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae3d6a4ff9b83463ca4789868d30f4f3c">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a7b0438ca43df4338b92e79fcb1ae43cd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s238de59fdef049118ac8b668a1ba148c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'HH12:MI:SS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s9dbc6f1ed7954b07961c43f10345a8be"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'FMHH12:FMMI:FMSS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">46</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l538ebd8ec14a4d57b33b41c43d48ae3b">to_char(double precision, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa8db1a30663e42d0b5346b7bba1deeda"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l538ebd8ec14a4d57b33b41c43d48ae3b"></a><a name="l538ebd8ec14a4d57b33b41c43d48ae3b"></a>Description: Converts the values of the double-precision type into the strings in the specified format. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2789eab510f44b46888458600d8c7399">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9417cebb14364f5e8799a24babd0f0cd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s7ac45efc0b82406ab9867fa285744291"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">real</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'999D99'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lcef8165d3cc445c8941e5e45e086a457">to_char (integer/number[, fmt])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a738f052bdfb048c3ad41bf0616d3af25"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lcef8165d3cc445c8941e5e45e086a457"></a><a name="lcef8165d3cc445c8941e5e45e086a457"></a>Descriptions: Converts an integer or a value in floating point format into a string in specified format.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__u06b3e8d4e4de4b8bb522b259ff1cd7e2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l35db1a7444f14b38b412128b141c31e1">The optional parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b12238102916476">fmt</strong> includes the following types: decimal characters, grouping characters, positive/negative sign and currency sign. Each type has a unique template. The templates can be combined together. Common templates include: 9, 0, millesimal sign (,), and decimal point (.). For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__t351061e37e45427ead6ddec4cd1ad376">Table 1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l91c2092108574542bcfac6c88e8aa551">A template can have a modification word, similar to FM. However, FM does not suppress 0 which is output according to the template.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l950b38e64147416996e1d6f4ca77b7cf">Use the template X or x to convert an integer value into a string in hexadecimal format.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__afffaf2bcad7640638ae05005b6e66a72">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a373b9368ad9d4600a041dc98ce8955b5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s24eb1ffbeb084234b0bf3309e60a1342"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1485</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'9,999'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">485</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s59e64f78488742caa3f7ce11846ec9b2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1148</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'9,999.999'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">148</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s48dfc75c0917414d91e958d758c92ae7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">148</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'990999.909'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">0148</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s2c2b056982b74dd5b24145251a4cc3ea"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'XXX'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ldb9d3de453b148e09ccc201fa64f4ef6">to_char(interval, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a637f531429c04e94aa998efc69883c93"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ldb9d3de453b148e09ccc201fa64f4ef6"></a><a name="ldb9d3de453b148e09ccc201fa64f4ef6"></a>Description: Converts the values of the time interval type into the strings in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac2c306fe398543fcaed5d3b089578c92">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a8cdd0b1ffef34f6cad6e0cd3c262419c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s47a294725d444374a730f0e208fd1f1d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'15h 2m 12s'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'HH24:MI:SS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l11a2d349f3354da4bfefde4584417d93">to_char(int, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a867c4187b16c44f5989cc5f3c90681af"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l11a2d349f3354da4bfefde4584417d93"></a><a name="l11a2d349f3354da4bfefde4584417d93"></a>Description: Converts the values of the integer type into the strings in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac8265cf438b54938a47f110598799a9a">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2096999351b749b2a1f8028429a7e312">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s2cd2c400be68455e8f380f341cae1e9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'999'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l35dcd15f4c6644689d8a50585c2d0b19">to_char(numeric, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a91fe0754c76a4d9c979c99a17d00d65b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l35dcd15f4c6644689d8a50585c2d0b19"></a><a name="l35dcd15f4c6644689d8a50585c2d0b19"></a>Description: Converts the values of the numeric type into the strings in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a675845b21af1456c986f5b9bf6639e7a">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a40f6621ca7354168a52a480917ad5c25">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__sd430783f262f4382a9f1c2acf31d2bd2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'999D99S'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">125</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l1d694158a1b84761b9b6126133d0e404">to_char (string)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a1fc86932723d4d2c979af84d11e35a9f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l1d694158a1b84761b9b6126133d0e404"></a><a name="l1d694158a1b84761b9b6126133d0e404"></a>Description: Converts the CHAR/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2/CLOB type into the VARCHAR type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad074ba02ad924e3087f5eec90ea8af22">If this function is used to convert data of the CLOB type, and the value to be converted exceeds the value range of the target type, an error is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a67fda3bf3b01409e99b08437fb59c4d0">Return type: varchar</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a8646cc0da6a547c2bb891e7749ff8590">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s3118085c3ca84d83a0ac257e13c7a9dd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'01110'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">01110</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l9d7e0cfa39a94f9d8df3cb1165ae94cd">to_char(timestamp, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a36fc28a5a69749c4bae5ca81dde4a182"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l9d7e0cfa39a94f9d8df3cb1165ae94cd"></a><a name="l9d7e0cfa39a94f9d8df3cb1165ae94cd"></a>Description: Converts the values of the timestamp type into the strings in the specified format. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a30a16901995c416cbbe34141e02c8bd6">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a93b0863b066f42c9bfab08c3de1c082e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s534a6f0f4992479cbcf024fb6aadb549"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'HH12:MI:SS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">55</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__li14872103481013">to_clob(char/nchar/varchar/nvarchar/varchar2/nvarchar2/text/raw)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p687219348106"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__li14872103481013"></a><a name="li14872103481013"></a>Description: Convert the RAW type or text character set type CHAR/NCHAR/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2/NVARCHAR2/TEXT into the CLOB type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p1872133410102">Return type: clob</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p51061744257">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen06138175168"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABCDEF'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">RAW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ABCDEF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen184111153122116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello111'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello111</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen0320162162720"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gauss123'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="k">NCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gauss123</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen1186917154295"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gauss234'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gauss234</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen1654811359291"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gauss345'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gauss345</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen10246121333115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gauss456'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">NVARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gauss456</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__screen10672153624116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'World222!'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">to_clob</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World222</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l12025b99496445e1b828e46e751e05cf">to_date(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a421b1947e99e405e9d0662a062e492ab"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l12025b99496445e1b828e46e751e05cf"></a><a name="l12025b99496445e1b828e46e751e05cf"></a>Description: Converts values of the text type into the timestamp in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a02ebd476c4844c9bab04287ce88c4e5b">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a81dc72adeac747e1a89a4280ddae2422">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s030112a034c64af48d4052b7e2422018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2015-08-14'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__la3078de204bc42a181455b6122f00a21">to_date(text, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad1dfa5a6793a468d9a48f9047e47ae1b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__la3078de204bc42a181455b6122f00a21"></a><a name="la3078de204bc42a181455b6122f00a21"></a>Description: Converts the values of the string type into the dates in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a671521b96fce4ab296cb65cbc7a76e96">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a63282105f681496f9ca2128805826ea6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s7433493c12eb4c7ca02d819da714dd48"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'05 Dec 2000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DD Mon YYYY'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l92f707e18f374afeb7d98e72ca4e9e77">to_date(string, fmt)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a91347f7f4f7646c380f2936dfb5e1821"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l92f707e18f374afeb7d98e72ca4e9e77"></a><a name="l92f707e18f374afeb7d98e72ca4e9e77"></a>Description: Converts a string into a value of the DATE type according to the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b7870346017">fmt</strong>. For details about the fmt format, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae">Table 2</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a01a50762a8cc40f8835f8de16090a19c">This function cannot support the CLOB type directly. However, a parameter of the CLOB type can be converted using implicit conversion.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa0b8db7dfa5f41379552d6ca82c159d8">Return type: date</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a370fd75d7176425c933d27c030e776df">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__sd9b72f5299164134a0338563bff111cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TO_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'05 Dec 2010'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'DD Mon YYYY'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">to_date</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lf6bc75e27c4843bf87f1876fcbf0262b">to_number ( expr [, fmt])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a20e68fb866a74cc7a94638739a533752"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lf6bc75e27c4843bf87f1876fcbf0262b"></a><a name="lf6bc75e27c4843bf87f1876fcbf0262b"></a>Description: Converts <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__en-us_topic_0085032002_b7723171714911">expr</strong> into a value of the NUMBER type according to the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a41e07148cec74bd58866b9ad5a28363c">For details about the type conversion formats, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__t351061e37e45427ead6ddec4cd1ad376">Table 1</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a423ee80bd38a430db961654fa82a26d8">If a hexadecimal string is converted into a decimal number, the hexadecimal string can include a maximum of 16 bytes if it is to be converted into a sign-free number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5aca3c6b33fe4c1ca450c6b170174160">During the conversion from a hexadecimal string to a decimal digit, the format string cannot have a character other than x or X. Otherwise, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae8df41bcd7604dd19feb727057cffee1">Return type: number</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2b3597af726d463e85a060faeedf2eac">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s1447f5fa389f418b91bf3cb307c8d7b4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12,454.8-'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'99G999D9S'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_number</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12454</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l7be54280d336405f94ad7625812005a8">to_number(text, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae9b98c442bc6481f80d47a169aaebd50"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l7be54280d336405f94ad7625812005a8"></a><a name="l7be54280d336405f94ad7625812005a8"></a>Description: Converts the values of the string type into the numbers in the specified format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a96b5753e286c4d97939fce91cdd94383">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aac020060892045e28f159e318240a54e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s3a2eae5f739d4266982238d66f34fc37"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12,454.8-'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'99G999D9S'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12454</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__le4a8a82406524a8f8762144b6a292702">to_timestamp(double precision)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a7b50a029a3694d77aaf97607ae71d733"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__le4a8a82406524a8f8762144b6a292702"></a><a name="le4a8a82406524a8f8762144b6a292702"></a>Description: Converts a UNIX century into a timestamp.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab44ce4ae88c74b1792430588588a52fb">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad9073f4a2d294635b1fc5fba5cee2112">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s69c26cce85c947cf8ddcde192ac727b3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1284352323</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l51562a6af06f47ddba95c6448e796cb5">to_timestamp(string [,fmt])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a830ca04e23164696b790e39b7d89d93a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l51562a6af06f47ddba95c6448e796cb5"></a><a name="l51562a6af06f47ddba95c6448e796cb5"></a>Description: Converts a string into a value of the timestamp type according to the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b16571056131415">fmt</strong>. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__en-us_topic_0085032002_en-us_topic_0058966040_b84235270619495">fmt</strong> is not specified, perform the conversion according to the format specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__en-us_topic_0085032002_b842352706193720">nls_timestamp_format</strong>. For details about the fmt format, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae">Table 2</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5aaec67445844dcab47a237fbc9bd058">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b5708112602615">to_timestamp</strong> in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__text249607753">GaussDB(DWS)</span>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__u6dcf6ce09a724b71974221c4d512cc7f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l43798d932dc844109f6559061d363f5f">If the input year <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__i8332191075311">YYYY</em> is 0, an error will be reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__la35b908c36414a80b06dd17cadeaa214">If the input year YYYY&lt;0 to specify SYYYY in fmt, the year with the value of n (an absolute value) BC is output correctly.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__afe567300271e4e7ca8b815af50a745c4">Characters in the fmt must match the schema for formatting the data and time. Otherwise, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9596d11460c543939bdd3519f095b9e7">Return type: timestamp without time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a67ea3577210d4e0f94e896d46698d6a7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s27c31228989849f2b2924768e4c50ee9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nls_timestamp_format</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">nls_timestamp_format</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DD</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Mon</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">YYYY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HH</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MI</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">SS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12-sep-2014'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2014</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s60c283b79ad649c9b85471433fd1a95e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'12-Sep-10 14:10:10.123000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'DD-Mon-YY HH24:MI:SS.FF'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s024c070cae414c888aa1cd1c3a40e7c2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'SYYYY'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s6591632b813f4f6481d2db4ed6cac745"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'98'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'RR'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1998</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__s3e57a30b48e6413b8e8951979d278e2e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'RR'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l068ecfbf832c4cc494496562b58a23a4">to_timestamp(text, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a8d4fc7b2d9f9463e9e98d43af7723261"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__l068ecfbf832c4cc494496562b58a23a4"></a><a name="l068ecfbf832c4cc494496562b58a23a4"></a>Description: Converts values of the string type into the timestamp of the specified type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a686c988d805c4fd1aa71666d00e88faa">Return type: timestamp</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__afd01c2ae273e4c90bc4aac97221766a6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__saa5e5a53cbe643d18f20affdfce02ceb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'05 Dec 2000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DD Mon YYYY'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_timestamp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p1604193313100">The following table describes the value formats of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b14947143563918">to_number</strong> function.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__t351061e37e45427ead6ddec4cd1ad376"></a><a name="t351061e37e45427ead6ddec4cd1ad376"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__t351061e37e45427ead6ddec4cd1ad376" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Template patterns for numeric formatting</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r8170b64ce71f4cd1a39305d2c40415d5"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9fbe2af09da848ebb24fa428587c484c">Schema</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aac900f3e88ec4905ba8aa74121844ace">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r1399230b0cc640729f7ae9af1db96573"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a1fbf3fb380e346128e7c0a779da54923">9</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a704c5255c5874250a2f2d97f96bc2402">Value with specified digits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rbb7b0f5ebdba42a495e0742d5e518ac9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4e98de3f04e74dada127e6a25f0f4ca1">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3393305f391b4ed3a3bd1b1588dad7c2">Values with leading zeros</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r9bc41c9beb6a47ca81a6bd6fcc1959d7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3652837442534ae8bd4d80cf521ed00a">Period (.)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae7d5d3693cc24d3f85dc03b7a42be0f0">Decimal point</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ra07d6469103748d2b204dafbf4fc9d61"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__adcf7dc9e63b44070abbcb622b0c30a72">Comma (,)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad1dcd87a13c24885ab88d62fa9bea03d">Group (thousand) separator</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r64db6d4512e44ae697b046c96ed0ec11"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a48a501e1e2504bb38ba64c5a51d2b2ab">PR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aed9f3b33674a4cc1a390c05c78fb5270">Negative values in angle brackets</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rb2f2128365e64d03a02c338115cc4851"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa1fbd4383d8544749bc4e6505e4f7d42">S</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac1979e15d4b34828b65d47ffc1221a1f">Sign anchored to number (uses locale)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r2a90aab079b943c6b7c220cdcab1894f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0dd2bded81a04022b9cf0fb9916005f4">L</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0afbc76c8b9e49c098c8d7ef8316572d">Currency symbol (uses locale)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r044813e403bf4583b6a1d94f99bcdd13"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a51c2d29cd3064709adbf7058ba906cc9">D</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab59a0bed88044fe29a57fa4569373e5a">Decimal point (uses locale)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__re07ff202e08f458aa8808ffcde507373"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a01089ff37d6449cb949d719937db91aa">G</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a788f22b327e948d4850fb998bffc92cd">Group separator (uses locale)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r851c061f9416433faff438f6f8226e32"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a09df996089a5472a99ec191a6a28f80f">MI</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9a3bd901d9ed49ca8483d225b15adda0">Minus sign in the specified position (if the number is less than 0)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r909ca41ae427419abb52ea45883bb222"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab87473f3c28644aa84955fd4f1b4648b">PL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5bb18f12c5b246888f72e11b6dad6ae7">Plus sign in the specified position (if the number is greater than 0)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r0d6125ea2cbe470fbe3c00f76d0a18e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab4c15d6bb35a47b6a82fc1cd15960f12">SG</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4d5bc826367347b6be633e4c40b819f2">Plus or minus sign in the specified position</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r110b0eaf1270476ab05d704beebcb4f9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a446627aad7d848378d213f1ab744a259">RN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a62dff449b17e4895a9d8f6621e601252">Roman numerals (the input values are between 1 and 3999)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r6094bb8059d64549aa2f3bfef8b7fb02"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ade668fdeb2524db8b449cefd9d7b9d8c">TH or th</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab75c87b459ea49c28099c84e58a8f22d">Ordinal number suffix</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rb26cc175130943d1a06267f36c2b9859"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30.64%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a21ca36df0cbf4969b1f3c20dcfc5181d">V</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="69.36%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a67a5f841fecb450cad77a1ac2568a1e2">Shifts specified number of digits (decimal)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__af626abf3fbf04b1683270ee6b0272622">The following table describes the patterns of date and time values. They can be used for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b4581014220">to_date</strong>,<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b1358115111212"> to_timestamp</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b175811310217">to_char</strong> functions, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__b5581714213">nls_timestamp_format</strong> parameter.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae"></a><a name="tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__tecb001c170ee45b38a3522119b2c5aae" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Schemas for formatting date and time</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rcda24dc43b4e42b1998ff1f57e8064c3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.09%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae93b6ec73a8a45e1b694e10c4febcbc1">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a38a95110ad6e479bbf5a2fe8f04853ea">Schema</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4f1d57d65c7445c8904ee7fd3ae5ed29">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r9594f47b231249d2850d39160b0703d1"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aee981554d5104cf2b39e7e8c216fc0aa">Hour</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac3896b3f075f40f592366574ab2cc714">HH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5f7972fb125743308ba69cd95f355df8">Number of hours in one day (01-12)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r90a19374327c43eebc04e3b54e44ddf3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0ce0d04f185d4cd881e17bf7e6a8c158">HH12</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a7be9a14c185640cf846c782237a1826f">Number of hours in one day (01-12)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r7ef20066b8684d2296011477026da2e1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa5558a08af6248538ec05cff0d5ffa69">HH24</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6afeeaaad62b46fb9b0cfebebf9af5be">Number of hours in one day (00-23)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r61ed8e5d574a47f18f37ae2ed764832d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4211c0ae27314b29a809d83ceed17969">Minute</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae4e0c87b9de14293804b188aa9b0a173">MI</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a52db8ca31a0d49f88392317abd72d949">Minute (00-59)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rffccde8de85b4669a738e72162472369"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0bc7f4036ed245a3baf1cbc8a5ec9c25">Second</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__acc5d78642095480486bcc874284dbb5a">SS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a87f57d862717430f97efcfa8f9689f85">Second (00-59)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r627eda6da48a418da6264ec5a76efde2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__acbb9bea7679946608548936ef6aae920">FF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__af9c81794dab24776b1a914eef5797c8d">Microsecond (000000-999999)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r6ffd8711647741aebbf47a2afabc0ea8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__adeef068f4bf24dac9856aaf53647ec2e">SSSSS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad392155936764ff7bc842a94921dcf90">Second after midnight (0-86399)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rdc7bbe482e474b51b219e9d72db06536"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a97758187215c473db9a97f6df5a9a26a">Morning and afternoon</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4503c20ab9394904920505eb3cba2e39">AM or A.M.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a97a0a6fe142c4845bc00e7807b5dd5ed">Morning identifier</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r967a93a578ac4786baeda6352ac52774"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2b15149ed98a47b5a884a261d5cf2449">PM or P.M.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6e48871aada442c8b0649a461533429f">Afternoon identifier</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rd765e4483fb64b7c9c89ff463e2accf8"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="13" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ad27a3ad9ea9845b1aeaa0426cf36ce6a">Year</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aed12f1e59543478f80b0d8120fe4f138"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a002a987c105947dcaf9e6d71237f4318"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a659c745b81b140fd8162e7182ebddf8a">Y,YYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a64a85772f3484dc3b2e44698eced1b1b">Year with comma (with four digits or more)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r6adf4d6a9c324489a69fb2317a63b546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a53d4eb3ec34d40f6b50340c115f9838c">SYYYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0002ae0a785f4f918fb6c021f146c895">Year with four digits BC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r1786076a9a4d440e8cb6d54019ec460c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a130876314e304149a74f90b081506452">YYYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ac09c5471be03439d9547acb36a850057">Year (with four digits or more)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rf1df80cdfea2421eba69766b2e95d7f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a39da5102407d4b0c8c1ea26458cbf757">YYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4d5a530635264f7e9922d2bace277128">Last three digits of a year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r2f1e3e694000496d84a916598e56d9a2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aece71d3bc677499b8f87ee3eeb7c56bb">YY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aadcf03f5c843422d9b5e4a905e5cdc30">Last two digits of a year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r220a9e5cf38e44e9b1b0b59f0d22235f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a08fb627522f543df9b00872242b4d769">Y</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a7ff5dd519cf84c8da5ca3b100df9149c">Last one digit of a year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r6bd83369942c41d9b5a8e5aafc6595ef"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a0e98155f35d546619ac1a9d751b7319a">IYYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a34eab81f482043ee80671186d52e3635">ISO year (with four digits or more)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r894c2423a5bb45f9aa01fd92b8d2c563"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a8c1255be65214efeac90ecd584373474">IYY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aedcb0de59449436f862b9ccbfa33671e">Last three digits of an ISO year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r9a19a5bcfddc4efd8aa59b757f96a46f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__af458577e83d7409fbeca395d42445fc3">IY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__abd772c133e6d465f8fa1f753a0b227c1">Last two digits of an ISO year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r0ce5d7a13fce48af9b70e04cd9c41e34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa0948f93f1084308b20d078fa17f9d34">I</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a039d14ae57fb4cfa82f3a9defbd45b98">Last one digit of an ISO year</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r38fc399a1df74aca9be6a3612f8705d2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3be3c5457b514b448720ae7c25da7a8d">RR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a561ea273ed1043f08514d45d5efdb72e">Last two digits of a year (A year of the 20th century can be stored in the 21st century.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p5336617112913">The password must comply with the following rules:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ul5337171772915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__le6354b1372a845b69d56a1bcf715d0a5">If the range of the input two-digit year is between 00 and 49:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a84e97a0cf9d243d2a7855dc11185308f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__le6354b1372a845b69d56a1bcf715d0a5"></a><a name="le6354b1372a845b69d56a1bcf715d0a5"></a>If the last two digits of the current year are between 00 and 49, the first two digits of the returned year are the same as the first two digits of the current year.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a54c4f1df582d49b4a45b1874838b5c0c">If the last two digits of the current year are between 50 and 99, the first two digits of the returned year equal to the first two digits of the current year plus 1.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__li15337141712294">If the range of the input two-digit year is between 50 and 99:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a371c5e6f6b824447a179ec6efe3a72ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__li15337141712294"></a><a name="li15337141712294"></a>If the last two digits of the current year are between 00 and 49, the first two digits of the returned year equal to the first two digits of the current year minus 1.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__p1733741715290">If the last two digits of the current year are between 50 and 99, the first two digits of the returned year are the same as the first two digits of the current year.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r49946f29a15042cebbe33e89932e62dd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa2a7f3ca7c834a86b2056e0b84f3c54a">RRRR</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__acab5f2836fad45d386469e020f6a5860">Capable of receiving a year with four digits or two digits. If there are 2 digits, the value is the same as the returned value of RR. If there are 4 digits, the value is the same as YYYY.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r4d692e939ac242aa85b722e0e9db0703"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__u204e96b15910404f84d9112f458b18c3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lc1bb59c581344bf2a4e06b11933e4d92">BC or B.C.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__lf479bb6039814e868f74dbb6685d518b">AD or A.D.</li></ul>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2ecff4d2474744e0b9aa53f3cd1dff53">Era indicator Before Christ (BC) and After Christ (AD)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r63cebe47130d492d9e3f208e357cb5f4"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6093d424aab9423983544759f25db1db">Month</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a07ff1a148128465196d10f71a1851a4a">MONTH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aaa718bd092a04f9c9a67e2937388d232">Full spelling of a month in uppercase (9 characters are filled in if the value is empty.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r60b15aa52be64e5fae652a73f880ab46"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9d36be10b00140b2bfe67b83052129f8">MON</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5937787a0a7a4fa6a05d868fc35a53f2">Month in abbreviated format in uppercase (with three characters)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rffca96971f294231bc854bc39dff4905"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a3b4ec9e3963b4a2ca34b834e444ed84f">MM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a8ef172d06ccc4df18ad8068d332339e7">Month (01-12)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r8147f1b5e4054e2ab8ce18b0e7beec17"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2389010b58c44454b09320aaa161c1dd">RM</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a2937d56a24314ae9b4cee8b6ac6331e9">Month in Roman numerals (I-XII; I=JAN) and uppercase</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r6694a091ccba45b8a7e6c337d6b6d4d8"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="5" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a61e447804a414e8180e3f9530f344844">Day</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6bd07a3cf9974471b3622ce151078b74">DAY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aabfb019f5a464ebdab2add96b5bfc9d2">Full spelling of a date in uppercase (9 characters are filled in if the value is empty.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rc4e420a62f4448c28ecbaea53cba1607"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a68fba3dcc58c4e7bb040c9e1609bbe7f">DY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae4c27cce66484f45b8f2350ccc3530f8">Day in abbreviated format in uppercase (with three characters)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r87e7cb18193946f883d75ad89ebf0386"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a335e59cecd9646ed8247124df6b7eedc">DDD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a14f64a6206244f74831e0aca1d0d600c">Day in a year (001-366)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rdd1dd3fa0bac4b34860e8b5bfec17f47"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__abb1ab65a80b3442795ba5f76d18c676c">DD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__af15c16df19ea44e3a22d15ff844081ac">Day in a month (01-31)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r59c144b9568e4746b9c2ce9d485717a7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__abd9c5ff2a0b547419afb012ac3132868">D</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a9f64bacb469a453aa8c44ee5213c4329">Day in a week (1-7).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r0b01abb9f205402885db708defe3f6c6"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a05c1b6df76044059826664961e948d62">Week</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a815fe7c31d9e4b09914e74726c12941e">W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__af600fae0495b4784beb4e651a9f10d30">Week in a month (1-5) (The first week starts from the first day of the month.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__rbfce9fece70a44bb923f3dc77d3f9676"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a6271073625254f0e96257fd976df831c">WW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ae1963b7721b349b987d0db303bfc4e81">Week in a year (1-53) (The first week starts from the first day of the year.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r07760d3f31994bf0b59f064e65d443bb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab83e2dacf54d4ca48dd674337f019e07">IW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a84f67934aabe4ac1b7ad3faa3f30bd2c">Week in an ISO year (The first Thursday is in the first week.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r65efa27b22564242ba28877cdaffc264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa6c2d75b610341a8a3c0ce3f9d5e2cb3">Century</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__adefd630fe0d6458a830563a8cebe75bb">CC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a952dc7bc8952443c81b8b527fb342ce6">Century (with two digits) (The 21st century starts from 2001-01-01.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r5fa0bace1d1e44c485a7494bf40d71bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__aa6128fa9d2ff4b1d8841475f56b14b02">Julian date</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__ab4eb6e27dc3c47278a643dda2d0b8201">J</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a5d36739a1f764ac4b1ee009b1b57c5fe">Julian date (starting from January 1 of 4712 BC)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__r699fb91022934486bafffbea9475ab97"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a4ad1963df5ae493ba593d23d6277f7ce">Quarter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a59f088aa014f471586d1dbeb6c81a1f2">Q</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="58.730000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831022__a67878d701fff41eb97142533c586acfc">Quarter</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0037.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0037.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Geometric Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s7d7ccfd1ef944295b2bbd6f7e0accd69"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Geometric Operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__u7e7a046cca5241558592c7e6b72b7c41"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l453104460e1741df9824cdd78472e18b">+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a169a6cf0fb15413ab0b3613509b3ccac"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l453104460e1741df9824cdd78472e18b"></a><a name="l453104460e1741df9824cdd78472e18b"></a>Description: Translation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ad0cda143daa34e999d3afc2415e088f6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sa5e262a2fcbc45b592046937ca2eb016"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(2.0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la85b34082de840d4995b20097d8d5b9c">-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a85ccb961c8674e54a7a4195ab9f7bf59"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la85b34082de840d4995b20097d8d5b9c"></a><a name="la85b34082de840d4995b20097d8d5b9c"></a>Description: Translation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a917f2a294a874a54aa1c932632b90c82">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s57e88a1259474feab212b63f78e2de9c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(2.0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la1bd0defaac8455cb74177c47f4c3992">*<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a8cbd1b908a2b43a8abc71461b116cb1e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la1bd0defaac8455cb74177c47f4c3992"></a><a name="la1bd0defaac8455cb74177c47f4c3992"></a>Description: Scaling out/rotation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a59f021092e174b029df50b7468037120">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s6abca283f6fb42e3b3c76942aa3dc582"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(2.0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la1ba5663c2bc4228a2196fee926aa68f">/<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af66a1909fb284e8694f1fffe77e88a5b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la1ba5663c2bc4228a2196fee926aa68f"></a><a name="la1ba5663c2bc4228a2196fee926aa68f"></a>Description: Scaling in/rotation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afa9db36277f0429584e288f208ec9500">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5c64866548ec45bea7052e51394e909f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(2.0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3e3dcd8cafa84b2384139c4e15e64877">#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afcef85fc80c74832922959279c06946f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3e3dcd8cafa84b2384139c4e15e64877"></a><a name="l3e3dcd8cafa84b2384139c4e15e64877"></a>Description: Point or box of intersection</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a01cef5552f1c4ec7a92282aadf4990ff">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5b30d831dea641e5987eba98f0d0d23e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="s1">'((1,-1),(-1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="s1">'((1,1),(-1,-1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l014d08cd86ea43c8b573e5482f8c3a32">#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afd576eeca6974834a9fbaa486e0c32ef"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l014d08cd86ea43c8b573e5482f8c3a32"></a><a name="l014d08cd86ea43c8b573e5482f8c3a32"></a>Description: Number of paths or polygon vertexs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab4d6cda8fab34b7bb50f58c3d4d60a4d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sa836ec7e99984b7d95f12f7ab2f59621"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="s1">'((1,0),(0,1),(-1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5503465c26cf4d08a72779ee0aa68960">@-@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afcd4cdfeae3d409ca33c43afe8d61eba"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5503465c26cf4d08a72779ee0aa68960"></a><a name="l5503465c26cf4d08a72779ee0aa68960"></a>Description: Length or circumference</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5f1c199858e544739155b29a3aa4256b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s8e792a974e1c46b5bac4599f6cccbc3b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@-@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l722c44d5638c4ca9b614028e3fb860f7">@@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af759f91e961d4fc9bccaa5a5cd583780"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l722c44d5638c4ca9b614028e3fb860f7"></a><a name="l722c44d5638c4ca9b614028e3fb860f7"></a>Description: Center of box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab2cb91344e8b4a50bce18f10a8100702">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s61e5fecfc3d64539bb12cf3932646435"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),10)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lff40c3390ea24646a3f37a70d3c3f0b0">##<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4cf15b32928f48df954d7588eea07cdb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lff40c3390ea24646a3f37a70d3c3f0b0"></a><a name="lff40c3390ea24646a3f37a70d3c3f0b0"></a>Description: Closest point to first figure on second figure.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a552c2f5251b64fbab13fcd3c392ab287">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__scc4dca0a15a7416bbb9fc6bc245f6cc9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">##</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((2,0),(0,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l89187d04c7c34891aa481a60c4f5937d">&lt;-&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5cdb5024a64e4f4aacd533f326acf873"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l89187d04c7c34891aa481a60c4f5937d"></a><a name="l89187d04c7c34891aa481a60c4f5937d"></a>Description: Distance between the two figures.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3934859f5f2341c08873f4199a949ca1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s1135aa886a4d453991fd709289188807"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((5,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5768033eb1784a3f87b75a7a2da58faf">&amp;&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4f630e9fc7d34c7b91ea133608ec12e2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5768033eb1784a3f87b75a7a2da58faf"></a><a name="l5768033eb1784a3f87b75a7a2da58faf"></a>Description: Overlaps? (One point in common makes this true.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a0388a6d52501411fa5ca6b89f7c28179">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s34a0e0a52c294abfb4b980faf59a08dd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l88f0296027514c6381b881323ddcf139">&lt;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa5045c85953f4b1d84562630d626d9b0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l88f0296027514c6381b881323ddcf139"></a><a name="l88f0296027514c6381b881323ddcf139"></a>Description: Is strictly left of (no common horizontal coordinate)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac61f824dccd648528c3b47e501e5d3a3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sff373db056a84e05b64d4b1608bb78ee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((5,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5aa00ec1df3944bdad551a38190e0659">&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a532ba7fd6f22417aa0e0f9fa95ce530a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5aa00ec1df3944bdad551a38190e0659"></a><a name="l5aa00ec1df3944bdad551a38190e0659"></a>Description: Is strictly right of (no common horizontal coordinate)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__adf0d97e2d21f443e8ad80e0d0cfd127f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s816759a62ea645abac1a0a08c314303e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((5,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l809112fc7da644219b18a452bc945446">&amp;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aef3a0c5c39b447a48a94814e2661a2fd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l809112fc7da644219b18a452bc945446"></a><a name="l809112fc7da644219b18a452bc945446"></a>Description: Does not extend to the right of?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a03bcf617ca11464ba2382163a42059a4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sf49564d595c0468e89545ea47be80d20"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb78aa46e1c0a433a8b95fcda9a9206dc">&amp;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a444dfbbbdd114fa3b694b7cf80f5320c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb78aa46e1c0a433a8b95fcda9a9206dc"></a><a name="lb78aa46e1c0a433a8b95fcda9a9206dc"></a>Description: Does not extend to the left of?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a246686a59b7e4fce8c51804cfb8a1ee9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s68db49ba056d4346861cb0afdda7850d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(3,3))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l2b6e2de471f646f19f09830dfb87258e">&lt;&lt;|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a7478f7149e3943b5ac25a9ef7d310e49"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l2b6e2de471f646f19f09830dfb87258e"></a><a name="l2b6e2de471f646f19f09830dfb87258e"></a>Description: Is strictly below (no common horizontal coordinate)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a95a44252cf804f859272f73b7a6f65f5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s03cc6276319c4b9a8c4466d229c3df58"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(3,3))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((3,4),(5,5))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb1ff837732114d1e802209f9108f9405">|&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4c5b8765907e4859805d4fa6d9da6217"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb1ff837732114d1e802209f9108f9405"></a><a name="lb1ff837732114d1e802209f9108f9405"></a>Description: Is strictly above (no common horizontal coordinate)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab865c4dd5e624061b5234ad1852e64cb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sf6a9fd6886204ac28966405f0112cb7b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((3,4),(5,5))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(3,3))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l7dc7820d719b4237a97d3a7746cd2ece">&amp;&lt;|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5afdf1d5cde743b5bbb23ed6df799cc0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l7dc7820d719b4237a97d3a7746cd2ece"></a><a name="l7dc7820d719b4237a97d3a7746cd2ece"></a>Description: Does not extend above?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a7c2c56d5c6ec4d169ca34b3cc37e650f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__se97de6bd3d224bb28e1fc9dfc1547dd9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&lt;|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6c5af9bb485d48b9b1cfa2671d72f0d5">|&amp;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a780c1408a4604195bfc518c9898485e3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6c5af9bb485d48b9b1cfa2671d72f0d5"></a><a name="l6c5af9bb485d48b9b1cfa2671d72f0d5"></a>Description: Does not extend below?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aab224f259c2948c5b5f8f334381de903">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s61a7732230e5467ba4901a53d897c5fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(3,3))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|&amp;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3474a6077ce4485f97aaf4b97d5461db">&lt;^<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a1ec2d0ad8f6c4f6a906c808ff82e5790"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3474a6077ce4485f97aaf4b97d5461db"></a><a name="l3474a6077ce4485f97aaf4b97d5461db"></a>Description: Is below (allows touching)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac3a89a64ba834b41895532df82de8baa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s26f354e2d6e04803a67cfbfec324372f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(-3,-3))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l2d3ea14c363d4a09ade2c37f9bdf1c35">&gt;^<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa5667c3c1ea046768d4246eb8db6becd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l2d3ea14c363d4a09ade2c37f9bdf1c35"></a><a name="l2d3ea14c363d4a09ade2c37f9bdf1c35"></a>Description: Is above (allows touching)?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab2ae818864cc4003ab7f00d62a35c90f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s7373f02b303a462281d7d8dfedcd3d2f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(-3,-3))'</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lfd363e81da6b4ea8a10cd019f3041ebe">?#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa2b76395246c479f992b9462b835259b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lfd363e81da6b4ea8a10cd019f3041ebe"></a><a name="lfd363e81da6b4ea8a10cd019f3041ebe"></a>Description: Intersect?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab4bda61d2bb142d980545f5282837bba">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s47035c16eef147f796fbe6608208b4ad"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-2,-2),(2,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6f9869f939e344dd979bc6ddb83f7afa">?-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a391be5cded474b6f8dbbbe27c8077785"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6f9869f939e344dd979bc6ddb83f7afa"></a><a name="l6f9869f939e344dd979bc6ddb83f7afa"></a>Description: Is horizontal?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae28e39dcf8254c7c9de830d17c9cb492">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s4e8ab151e8af42daaaaf2e8d96e9b6d5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l89bc8a8bb42f49e298fbcd1ece694362">?-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a046d6dbb67914370a9565549aac798e3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l89bc8a8bb42f49e298fbcd1ece694362"></a><a name="l89bc8a8bb42f49e298fbcd1ece694362"></a>Description: Are horizontally aligned?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a999ab2014e8747d48bf3c3f468faa64d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s1769e3c65e66454087e50dc3d3107a22"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(1,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9201084bf5fc4bbf85d3dcb3346c9f2b">?|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a04386da9aa414dea9cace01c5d1e93f1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9201084bf5fc4bbf85d3dcb3346c9f2b"></a><a name="l9201084bf5fc4bbf85d3dcb3346c9f2b"></a>Description: Is vertical?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aaa159aa6e16a493687b300262285ccac">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s0ccf5ef22a4b4165a9be381825275950"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc3c64a4e306e47bbac581b5eb4a1d1b0">?|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac41714272e6a41a094b81ef3556d6ea4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc3c64a4e306e47bbac581b5eb4a1d1b0"></a><a name="lc3c64a4e306e47bbac581b5eb4a1d1b0"></a>Description: Are vertically aligned?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a0ac266af78d847789d65b8fc02c1ded0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__see21916056ab4fec9d4f916832a79dab"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l8922058ebfe14a1f9337e6f324c84310">?-|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa17e736277ad4ba7b7cd7c9f14aba3dd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l8922058ebfe14a1f9337e6f324c84310"></a><a name="l8922058ebfe14a1f9337e6f324c84310"></a>Description: Are perpendicular?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a539d823792f04e8384a1279c1baa3813">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s2f48c29cd4954fd6b290ba133efab80e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(0,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?-|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l86e8a364fb864fb28d2ac85332912f03">?||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac0713cbc219b40a69af72ba9b9bf59dd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l86e8a364fb864fb28d2ac85332912f03"></a><a name="l86e8a364fb864fb28d2ac85332912f03"></a>Description: Are parallel?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a028c4e12e2634ae5beb16ffdb04e08d3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s37f03c95e9cb4d85a35f74404867a1f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,2),(1,2))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l51cce6e74bf446d28ef899c81aa73fba">@&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a82c238045d984720929163edbbc2c73f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l51cce6e74bf446d28ef899c81aa73fba"></a><a name="l51cce6e74bf446d28ef899c81aa73fba"></a>Description: Contains?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aca5e8f6cf0b74bc38efce0b57f4ca7fa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sc36a387b3b164057ab6966273ea37201"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(1,1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__le72d611c01ee48a4a97bc6bcad3f95f6">&lt;@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a1a9e0be3e3fa41d1b172c28c7427645c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__le72d611c01ee48a4a97bc6bcad3f95f6"></a><a name="le72d611c01ee48a4a97bc6bcad3f95f6"></a>Description: Contained in or on?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae31aa89cfabc4ee4a142728bab4e44ec">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5f984ea72a1342c59386ac2e1dac3375"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(1,1)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l232e66f21986496e9c31c4dbfc1c63b7">~=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__abdd15a7bed074514bb667e4167bc7904"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l232e66f21986496e9c31c4dbfc1c63b7"></a><a name="l232e66f21986496e9c31c4dbfc1c63b7"></a>Description: Same as?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4b2eff3b963b40b69f03a73625ecef4a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sfb61d4796f294dc280748fddc4bbaa74"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((1,1),(0,0))'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sbff2c452b60e4e038c25bbd4fdd36505"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Geometric Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__uc51da151035b4d9599cecf91a575cd71"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l34e9618d50e74a128cbf19e2e7096754">area(object)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a7e6de3deb75f4c1a91cbd83664ac55a5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l34e9618d50e74a128cbf19e2e7096754"></a><a name="l34e9618d50e74a128cbf19e2e7096754"></a>Description: Area calculation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__adc98b90e886b4a69b7d999205aa25db3">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a77502a8ce3344613848836d875ca5d83">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sf24b5d1b3ed546a0a2992786f730ecc9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">area</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5b1063b62449417f94ccf3b73332ba21">center(object)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a0846eac812494dc19e0121aa214b51fd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5b1063b62449417f94ccf3b73332ba21"></a><a name="l5b1063b62449417f94ccf3b73332ba21"></a>Description: Figure center calculation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5927f6e57f484965b8b5099042997f52">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afce7241f5463450997a76eb0dde7aecc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s8a858de7c8e94a7fab94c0dd9533bde2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">center</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,2))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ld21f33ead4724e36a68b9bfdc9b1ed2d">diameter(circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac2638e29bd9b4475bb585aa8ea84707b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ld21f33ead4724e36a68b9bfdc9b1ed2d"></a><a name="ld21f33ead4724e36a68b9bfdc9b1ed2d"></a>Description: Circle diameter calculation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a6f5b376c36d54399ab4c92e295703f61">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa3906ac36f984e7abbb6eaa32a6d8300">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s35b9b104b71a4c20a66bc2a4f61d6d39"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l974d013907d149ffb35dc33110956bf9">height(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a9ac4ec2e7e15450a98c2a5336b08d5a7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l974d013907d149ffb35dc33110956bf9"></a><a name="l974d013907d149ffb35dc33110956bf9"></a>Description: Vertical size of box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a157dd14ea9a44e129c9cd7346c47e4b6">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a8ff1cc5812774c19a16e283cb422a05c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5a7e09cfed3a4026b881fc34b6983b51"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l737986114e2547188a7d264365dd86ed">isclosed(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a886a181dadbe434e82370af7f3f42558"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l737986114e2547188a7d264365dd86ed"></a><a name="l737986114e2547188a7d264365dd86ed"></a>Description: A closed path?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__adb4f39d8511847d4a1728f6b05674535">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__text15650131011514">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afb4603016e2740208535b91c5bb38678">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sd3df0b8ed83c42d0bf999e7bbf087aa0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isclosed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la188bec476dc4fbaaad5454187fb399b">isopen(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa95a1c6af9bc4e3b9277380f4d5a9bf0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la188bec476dc4fbaaad5454187fb399b"></a><a name="la188bec476dc4fbaaad5454187fb399b"></a>Description: An open path?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3cd2d3303a1340aa8e9bd8435feeb872">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__text14447152445112">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af1d039eb978444f0ade88b2e2d9249ec">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sb121e8ae47304059b4d8ea2e94311d54"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l7dc40f2d54684ad59106add0bde8dd7d">length(object)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3e119ef1be234d6287be304fa34edebb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l7dc40f2d54684ad59106add0bde8dd7d"></a><a name="l7dc40f2d54684ad59106add0bde8dd7d"></a>Description: Length calculation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5c3f7b8d472f4356bfc89b347fae7c5b">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae5496ffe6b8143048847d9c3ad56c9a9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sc306bc0104fb4dc0b305288b2cf0401a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l44542911f2a54817a895bff1138cf380">npoints(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4a94532191514931a82294e1b9be945e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l44542911f2a54817a895bff1138cf380"></a><a name="l44542911f2a54817a895bff1138cf380"></a>Description: Number of points in path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a9ad7c2a1daff47ccb3fd6616d24baac5">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a49d20a0429ca4c80bb23dd0b1d1be914">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s315bbe2656bf406489149408a74772cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5fca1153b54c4849b908042abe9e2bdc">npoints(polygon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afef73f99001b4fb9bdcddd0f7848d35e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l5fca1153b54c4849b908042abe9e2bdc"></a><a name="l5fca1153b54c4849b908042abe9e2bdc"></a>Description: Number of points in polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a0f42e52787a64490830922c9ca004e17">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a1fa72bf908c84899b1b45b639184d137">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s7a11423e22b64eb1acea551d54303d37"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((1,1),(0,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9c9eea7ad2a84a688f8e8b211ebe7d78">pclose(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a961ac5d17e4e4498aa7f73ce63a3cae1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9c9eea7ad2a84a688f8e8b211ebe7d78"></a><a name="l9c9eea7ad2a84a688f8e8b211ebe7d78"></a>Description: Converts path to closed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a285ec1d0473745a3a46448a964d06b3f">Return type: path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af40acf21648044a3b11a563be723fb1e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sbfc5b6b1671546dd88ffd2bb803aa225"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6804d1fce6a94487af24d45ea4f5f5f5">popen(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa08e22cd670141e5b48b1f41ab4ca894"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l6804d1fce6a94487af24d45ea4f5f5f5"></a><a name="l6804d1fce6a94487af24d45ea4f5f5f5"></a>Description: Converts path to open.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4f2dc56f3bf74f7d93586c0b9a5932f1">Return type: path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a8562d885dcc44fe6ad2fe0ced5cbcee0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s9d9e32e98eb347c3bfd85beeb1b0e4d1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">popen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l938f8f51b5f544d7ae520a437fb7da7f">radius(circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac058f6f84a204673a9a8e64cf8ec574e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l938f8f51b5f544d7ae520a437fb7da7f"></a><a name="l938f8f51b5f544d7ae520a437fb7da7f"></a>Description: Circle diameter calculation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__abb184db4bcd447e4b9e29180c29642a0">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aeb4116f24f2c4ba4ae118bae425f681f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__saf0017c2c8014dab9e9645e590c0763b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l20f5df448c804cb09018277f987fef26">width(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a54ac3602ffc94f36973328a27ad87bd4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l20f5df448c804cb09018277f987fef26"></a><a name="l20f5df448c804cb09018277f987fef26"></a>Description: Horizontal size of box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a89eb8518b4af459e9ac51b3dd18fa2bf">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a21c875ab49b14ad3b9d086c440cd4f80">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s997b02a9e49f4a18b315ee8b92387e73"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sc77b87ca6ca649e3b7f3a22adfdc2a27"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Geometric Type Conversion Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__u2044d4022e2f4688ae8ba4e65a92c508"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3319940fc6824a319e82c8a1f4d777d0">box(circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a96c2acfbf64c40fa93b4a2cfb278fcbf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3319940fc6824a319e82c8a1f4d777d0"></a><a name="l3319940fc6824a319e82c8a1f4d777d0"></a>Description: Circle to box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a61e9c0731fd0403594ace8af08525635">Return type: box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aee5119c13117464b985f21e744ce27ab">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5da78667ed02446ea8685491e910c35d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">                                   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">41421356237309</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">41421356237309</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">41421356237309</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">41421356237309</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lcaa9a5d203d34b15baacedc2ba44f43c">box(point, point)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af3b1ef73112b4351895ff4081f3abf14"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lcaa9a5d203d34b15baacedc2ba44f43c"></a><a name="lcaa9a5d203d34b15baacedc2ba44f43c"></a>Description: Points to box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a051619659c4449228cbef986b51ba03e">Return type: box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a1d11f15b7629489996fd00abca8bb006">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__se0ca7b577f854eb3843b155293b3d6ff"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(1,1)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc0c887cf272346ecb91f163b2a5514a8">box(polygon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3fb66898c22541d4959f5f36314d508d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc0c887cf272346ecb91f163b2a5514a8"></a><a name="lc0c887cf272346ecb91f163b2a5514a8"></a>Description: Polygon to box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4c3463e1a6b14d93b9d23e5881623d11">Return type: box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ab7396f3bd7e14888839311c9ef0fafc3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__se70d4e0043504f67ba3f4c20b02442f2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc1f9a052bab64ef2b0925683bf0ba7a0">circle(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aade46e6435044d47b19055ac2e35d38f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc1f9a052bab64ef2b0925683bf0ba7a0"></a><a name="lc1f9a052bab64ef2b0925683bf0ba7a0"></a>Description: Box to circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a8d9131aac9e5482a877300d4fa354b56">Return type: circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a2935e9e1cc67415e852635975f84278e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__sf0c2911a832a4871a3da0a9fe6fbc9da"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">707106781186548</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3dd66e522661488bbdd4025535183aa7">circle(point, double precision)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aaefc02b2ef5140ddbda7e93022ca8926"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l3dd66e522661488bbdd4025535183aa7"></a><a name="l3dd66e522661488bbdd4025535183aa7"></a>Description: Center and radius to circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a78ad7effa9204bd6a568ca708c63360f">Return type: circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa0750f80d28b4fa79cac99340ff44108">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s17ad8c2adcfa433980f02fc1a16e66d4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc36e5ce582a44435b3c9393dca3cc51e">circle(polygon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__abec56fa473ba46339cf1d8e3470108cd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lc36e5ce582a44435b3c9393dca3cc51e"></a><a name="lc36e5ce582a44435b3c9393dca3cc51e"></a>Description: Polygon to circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aba93f45f181945d5a358e8997cb2a732">Return type: circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3b0ba7ef804d49478565292d6753d969">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s00b315ceb73f4f39bc17232402c8b7ea"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">333333333333333</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">924950591148529</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l44552332e8a1483d8cf6a9c5519bcd74">lseg(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afdaad33a4db04808a7dbe0d80df16c29"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l44552332e8a1483d8cf6a9c5519bcd74"></a><a name="l44552332e8a1483d8cf6a9c5519bcd74"></a>Description: Box diagonal to line segment</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a5cc376c2853d451d9fb756e6192800dd">Return type: lseg</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ad7a27fcebc8e41119e74743844c65426">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__see796c9d727f4c2aae1df8f219ed46a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lf1717c1648494f59a0125295a1a3daf1">lseg(point, point)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a76d2dae23076497785aaab4153a0c925"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lf1717c1648494f59a0125295a1a3daf1"></a><a name="lf1717c1648494f59a0125295a1a3daf1"></a>Description: Points to line segment</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a2b8b392ce38c452ea779dc20d0f5dee7">Return type: lseg</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__acb850caf2f3d4761848724d8ad56d065">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s97ce10fd72da449fa0e39062d0fc32f6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(-1,0)'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(1,0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l65f2b27505dd47fcbd5158e0aabccb01">path(polygon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__afc68e85c65b84e748f0b8f0f1a761bc9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l65f2b27505dd47fcbd5158e0aabccb01"></a><a name="l65f2b27505dd47fcbd5158e0aabccb01"></a>Description: Polygon to path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a343f77bebf7443aaa361e441dde83152">Return type: path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae43f5016f9a54fdaa8de2c64b8b9da3a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s39d368eb0dd04eea8cf135f556483a61"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__le33029ef17af4da593a5b7cdaf468c01">point(double precision, double precision)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a62ef9d7cbf8f48a8b7ecef60717668ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__le33029ef17af4da593a5b7cdaf468c01"></a><a name="le33029ef17af4da593a5b7cdaf468c01"></a>Description: Points</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a449b0d6d6a3c407daea04c309ab76a6d">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a4c1eccab0b6e4c94a8e131bdacf906c4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s8f85f48bab5f485bbe5d8c7be3343c06"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l0decebe0330c4be5969e2d898d415a89">point(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a66482a52a2f94c8fbc02c096f52d6cde"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l0decebe0330c4be5969e2d898d415a89"></a><a name="l0decebe0330c4be5969e2d898d415a89"></a>Description: Center of box</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aee6b5a5387f24afa879b37a0df833e8d">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a93ded645ac40455c9febcd156ea15cbd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s6baaa626b24d401b8b4b43d59d275f6b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ld4d70d17b65046b5b4f65fc46898fa93">point(circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac010e10a2c604b4cbfa89f79f4134d13"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ld4d70d17b65046b5b4f65fc46898fa93"></a><a name="ld4d70d17b65046b5b4f65fc46898fa93"></a>Description: Center of circle</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a1642752e241d46b3a161c564cae149d5">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a0b8acb9557aa462c95aa2ddca9833bb5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s1f47fa4124284389a7612fa2dddae4a0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9f07881300c241a9b47926bbf49f1841">point(lseg)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a79f647d9e61d47ab81ca699a50ec799b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9f07881300c241a9b47926bbf49f1841"></a><a name="l9f07881300c241a9b47926bbf49f1841"></a>Description: Center of line segment</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a10db152aa75d455eac3acc259dd5ab5d">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a029c7fc4039746f0839479ae48d0b1ab">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s5e72bf6ca269479d8c1de42ece2745f7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lseg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((-1,0),(1,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9ef4aa1460fe4237b8860899a7d41fc6">point(polygon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__af8bfdb445df5467484b98af25afd17d4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l9ef4aa1460fe4237b8860899a7d41fc6"></a><a name="l9ef4aa1460fe4237b8860899a7d41fc6"></a>Description: Center of polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a6b9ad050764c4437a6af331eca860436">Return type: point</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a987ca1a8f5a24a968924cc7e64d400d9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s378533c482db434f9195e99176833a0b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">333333333333333</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ldcf10cf8da29468fb484dd52f7d62521">polygon(box)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a239b43f0b26d46af85b116c3603e4acf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ldcf10cf8da29468fb484dd52f7d62521"></a><a name="ldcf10cf8da29468fb484dd52f7d62521"></a>Description: Box to 4-point polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a79b766ca641b460fb0b7bf2a0c685d37">Return type: polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a859060474f6e42c883650a0f556d76e4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s3a5354cb0dea4e3ba02e2c8a997ed6b8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la327ef0f0da64a488477c2405d4bb0f9">polygon(circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ac97b9ade7a914361ac114ca5a00fa42c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__la327ef0f0da64a488477c2405d4bb0f9"></a><a name="la327ef0f0da64a488477c2405d4bb0f9"></a>Description: Circle to 12-point polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae6232d43440b474da42d1e1bcab75d58">Return type: polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a3d95718249e54b7cbff19c8a0de1b425">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s506cdac893004162b2acf35c1eba06ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                                                                                                                </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">                                                                                      </span>
+
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22464679914735</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">44929359829471</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999999999</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">67394039744206</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999999999</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l137f7cfb487d461fbdc26987cb47cabd">polygon(npts, circle)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a748d98934fdf4a0fbfd6489b6c74a221"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__l137f7cfb487d461fbdc26987cb47cabd"></a><a name="l137f7cfb487d461fbdc26987cb47cabd"></a>Description: Circle to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__b842352706155230">npts</strong>-point polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__a17e8a7cca3a245a4b0b2b30e79d671ac">Return type: polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__ae8d5882453a749b29535d69f3482e768">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s3d0ebcc9c6a349279fed048b3dd3cb89"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),2.0)'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                                                                                                                </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">                                                                                      </span>
+
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22464679914735</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">44929359829471</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999999999</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">67394039744206</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">999999999999999</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">73205080756888</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb3ddec60b44e408e8f287ccb48ddee70">polygon(path)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa3d131c6a5fe4cc7b6bd8e53e574787e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__lb3ddec60b44e408e8f287ccb48ddee70"></a><a name="lb3ddec60b44e408e8f287ccb48ddee70"></a>Description: Path to polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__aa72a56256f9e404d9ba07dba3147915b">Return type: polygon</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__acae008623eae46a89b2ace4d6777e573">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150592__s13158ea5c6f94cdbb6a23870930762cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">polygon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0038.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0038.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0038.html
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Network Address Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s4fbf8a2a6d4343d2b4ce0a7add95eaa8"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270614384">cidr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270614388">inet</strong> Operators</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8b25f634c9a44f74a5f3ca3572a80eac">The operators <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706143557">&lt;&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270614362">&lt;&lt;=</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270614367">&gt;&gt;</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706143626">&gt;&gt;=</strong> test for subnet inclusion. They consider only the network parts of the two addresses (ignoring any host part) and determine whether one network is identical to or a subnet of the other.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__u318db1923da94c759a3424264858e284"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lc649e33cfd6a451e913a8a4688f6b5cc">&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ab7e4d3255ad04f84abb7cb93e33c5ab7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lc649e33cfd6a451e913a8a4688f6b5cc"></a><a name="lc649e33cfd6a451e913a8a4688f6b5cc"></a>Description: Is less than</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a6ee821a41b8a44dba5ee9c3a8c494063">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s8b23e3878b564202b67224ee0d704b4f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.6'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l7139ab8a46a74be291e28f889fd4f1bc">&lt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a402a93990161421cb9fce55c1a1ea4ed"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l7139ab8a46a74be291e28f889fd4f1bc"></a><a name="l7139ab8a46a74be291e28f889fd4f1bc"></a>Description: Is less than or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a02ec08fb72b24472846b72b49749e165">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s61307ff47e46405e82c6de76d5c5c62e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l3b782b541c1442c89024068d77460e3f">=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a3be4f8929774442a81030536ef6eaf62"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l3b782b541c1442c89024068d77460e3f"></a><a name="l3b782b541c1442c89024068d77460e3f"></a>Description: Equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a354d11ac89d6444899a85773ff5d5c1e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s081841fd9b8c484f875604fc58c77a81"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lcf81e7a20c9647a699c720be82a31b74">&gt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a3a50a5209c824611b19dd664441b42d0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lcf81e7a20c9647a699c720be82a31b74"></a><a name="lcf81e7a20c9647a699c720be82a31b74"></a>Description: Is greater than or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ad7f23648efc646d98a6cdb1a696a3fc5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s0b9ef1a551d74d9584ea80c1a25ca4f5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4bd4ba26721a49ed9fc991745b0456a3">&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a65627c7311074feb9c7d067deaebee62"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4bd4ba26721a49ed9fc991745b0456a3"></a><a name="l4bd4ba26721a49ed9fc991745b0456a3"></a>Description: Is greater than</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a495de59e8b2149798286755ee53eda00">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sc7e7eaa8d7d846058274d0694cc88534"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.4'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lb9b1df94246b4740afe58a8b6d70bdcc">&lt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a0defe3903cd5483497dd74ee80243897"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lb9b1df94246b4740afe58a8b6d70bdcc"></a><a name="lb9b1df94246b4740afe58a8b6d70bdcc"></a>Description: Does not equal to</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a842e6a54708b4268b32d70db2a980645">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__se5188db068bc44909dcebd2847ea98ce"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.4'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l14fa5a7d24dd47f89b196862d65a3942">&lt;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__aca23bc12ef2d423083b3f4f944abb779"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l14fa5a7d24dd47f89b196862d65a3942"></a><a name="l14fa5a7d24dd47f89b196862d65a3942"></a>Description: Is contained in</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8ccbf99a1d8149278adbbce845cdf3b8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sa8219e428f5f4c7bafce77bd042638ce"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ldf173427d6a047828ff4f351f8a67357">&lt;&lt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ac99e30e67c834a80a5b620a2bfa9d5d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ldf173427d6a047828ff4f351f8a67357"></a><a name="ldf173427d6a047828ff4f351f8a67357"></a>Description: Is contained in or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a245612300d024590916f619dd95f5b75">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s538f32229f3f4742bcfe0731445385ff"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l3e40a7a15eef49adb0364978a4ad3f90">&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a52dea8ce2e07492fa614774ee016b6d8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l3e40a7a15eef49adb0364978a4ad3f90"></a><a name="l3e40a7a15eef49adb0364978a4ad3f90"></a>Description: Contains</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a5d409350aa61429fbd7ddf2d30654ce9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s0ae1d4197afd4cf4aaeecf74303db74f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ld76f7f98981142498cda57a871f57c1e">&gt;&gt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__aa4c22152813a4d0ba3f6d757612881b5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ld76f7f98981142498cda57a871f57c1e"></a><a name="ld76f7f98981142498cda57a871f57c1e"></a>Description: Contains or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a15f7d359b8ba42e782dd8303284130d5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sb1fae0f8fe474eb7a1263427414cd4a0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1/24'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__la5a06a4a1e814dc58a8326adbdf1ed9d">~<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a1817955b52f1449daf5cc9f3399c8235"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__la5a06a4a1e814dc58a8326adbdf1ed9d"></a><a name="la5a06a4a1e814dc58a8326adbdf1ed9d"></a>Description: Bitwise NOT</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a92f2a863fc1e493c8d0b7bce4873a65b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s6bf79256296c40c8b96b2a1ae37d08d4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.6'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">63</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">87</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">254</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">249</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ld1e4a2f8efd74170ac627c07c421aa0a">&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a125bf840fc694a4fbad4e8fa204474ca"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ld1e4a2f8efd74170ac627c07c421aa0a"></a><a name="ld1e4a2f8efd74170ac627c07c421aa0a"></a>Description: The AND operation is performed on each bit of the two network addresses.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ac478eac6b7c342dc8ebf2096db4e2c04">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s2cc62179d8004653bbfc3d0ad60ed450"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.6'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.0.0.0'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4067166a2fbe4cc3abdd630fbb0f6e17">|<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a456ed66aeea54c3c90397c20dff1fd73"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4067166a2fbe4cc3abdd630fbb0f6e17"></a><a name="l4067166a2fbe4cc3abdd630fbb0f6e17"></a>Description: The OR operation is performed on each bit of the two network addresses.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a67ec44d5a6da41f4910132072237f2f9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sf7718dbbc36b404c8059d4d883a42400"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.6'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.0.0.0'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">202</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l7a3d626a080844d9bc69dbda02a5c933">+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a02f4973a3f104bec8fe3d4b0a81ee366"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l7a3d626a080844d9bc69dbda02a5c933"></a><a name="l7a3d626a080844d9bc69dbda02a5c933"></a>Description: Addition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ace9a0cf8175b4c31b8249007bddb6916">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__secbb59552f3e4a45a602f386cc7b2ec1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.6'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lbda89682303142a69bd5ac1d4dfcf791">-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a7d7afd62a2eb49ba957a895ebc819c6b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lbda89682303142a69bd5ac1d4dfcf791"></a><a name="lbda89682303142a69bd5ac1d4dfcf791"></a>Description: Subtraction</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a99e91e32d40f4d36a25cd11c69e2ec97">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s9077130a7c1a4e139de2451a6ecbb691"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.43'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4a544cc73d4949498ee6adb79f1c6f74">-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a9241f6ca80f14f6e972fad342b3b160b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l4a544cc73d4949498ee6adb79f1c6f74"></a><a name="l4a544cc73d4949498ee6adb79f1c6f74"></a>Description: Subtraction</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ad4bd3068318d48a5be77c8ad1618d377">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sfebc7ab232874411ba6d1d67658761f0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.43'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.19'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s8e00881b6eaa4f81a3854dca85bed917"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144520">cidr</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144523">inet</strong> Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a61bfb0aa39034b07aa12f2a57b391a1b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144418">abbrev</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144435">host</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144450">text</strong> functions are primarily intended to offer alternative display formats.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__u4d73e9ae5a7342049bff958852ed336f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lbec26bee348441d89b1af237ea189329">abbrev(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a9721c4cc60a2463d9cc55587db11dfed"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lbec26bee348441d89b1af237ea189329"></a><a name="lbec26bee348441d89b1af237ea189329"></a>Description: Abbreviated display format as text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8334a08bd4454be69a8f838561d8a054">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a9bfa4cec24914a2b91ccfc70a674b023">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sb45d4f7cd28f476eb821367febbf08e2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abbrev</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.1.0.0/16'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ladbf1d19ec5848fbb1f18af4b91d8922">abbrev(cidr)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a4cae92ca17264fabaf4acb74c94ecd0f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ladbf1d19ec5848fbb1f18af4b91d8922"></a><a name="ladbf1d19ec5848fbb1f18af4b91d8922"></a>Description: Abbreviated display format as text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__abdb5837accc2438b9b814a1e0ab4dcc7">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a525321b57c094da1909e3f7d96e54daa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sb090374c5e194529834eeebf9a8e0c81"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abbrev</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cidr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.1.0.0/16'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l45a752f1375f4e46a5264ebfb7983884">broadcast(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a1926154c6e274ea7b07f8a38c4f300d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l45a752f1375f4e46a5264ebfb7983884"></a><a name="l45a752f1375f4e46a5264ebfb7983884"></a>Description: Broadcast address for network</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a742a9309102f4de3b26dd4f1fb60488b">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__af97fb34e4e7541b2bee776876d3ce820">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sb42e2066767b40489f240a1056fde958"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">broadcast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ldb75ac5674a848778e4545c80a2a3b65">family(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a5a888c8b9bb54944b34f4722fe4a7280"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ldb75ac5674a848778e4545c80a2a3b65"></a><a name="ldb75ac5674a848778e4545c80a2a3b65"></a>Description: Extracts family of address; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144723">4</strong> for IPv4, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706144727">6</strong> for IPv6</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ac707ef6bdf7e442b85aed4d088b547a2">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ab677356cc9c74792bab6e3d0012c0030">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s4f0a8e26db45427e96acad1eceeaf1d1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">family</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'::1'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l066204782d58405cbd78ac158c14da1d">host(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ab3042595cc5e4bb7b6e3924d172a7ef6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l066204782d58405cbd78ac158c14da1d"></a><a name="l066204782d58405cbd78ac158c14da1d"></a>Description: Extracts IP address as text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8f168c9fb15545dd9d1774cdad9e32a8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a2ea11bf464254baab31ec83209ae28ad">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s4c28fc9cec04484492d695bef10cecc8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">host</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lde9dd133333340f68ba49a1708505f25">hostmask(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a62947b56d8164b41ba5f637bb5f7a371"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lde9dd133333340f68ba49a1708505f25"></a><a name="lde9dd133333340f68ba49a1708505f25"></a>Description: Constructs host mask for network.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a5edf0510c63546228c9571f3e50f696d">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a022871ef9a474bbb9371b48772016d72">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s2a2c9b89bd3d4f39a9fbf650ae17f462"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hostmask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.23.20/30'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l52c2f95f8a6042bbb337f09f0a864fad">masklen(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a4a171162e72e47478bb545e10d6d7587"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l52c2f95f8a6042bbb337f09f0a864fad"></a><a name="l52c2f95f8a6042bbb337f09f0a864fad"></a>Description: Extracts subnet mask length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a019d7a6ebaa64ed69f795c8f175266cc">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a561062547bb34f73bfaf2453ac720b9b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sbf2a8061ebbd4192befa0756a81e617c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">masklen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lc4841d7f6874495a89cdfdb041a83591">netmask(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a5a11bd8b91134f2086522c624de6f13d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lc4841d7f6874495a89cdfdb041a83591"></a><a name="lc4841d7f6874495a89cdfdb041a83591"></a>Description: Constructs a subnet mask for the network.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a08edbf2ec0bd4e36a8271d4313b44644">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a576bfc6c4425482c9fee5b9374b8e4b5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s700bc3d674c0436a88b75f9645d95990"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">netmask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l164ccecb3dad48b8a67d107a7e5f9673">network(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8404639fbe204e11aa740c585c95d9c0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l164ccecb3dad48b8a67d107a7e5f9673"></a><a name="l164ccecb3dad48b8a67d107a7e5f9673"></a>Description: Extracts network part of address.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a7d9c675f2db748239eba23b5830b6655">Return type: cidr</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ae208b8c1726b4a76aabd8e1c8cdb84da">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sc5215d72287d4edf9b712bae0090e9e3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l79b3ab579a3447d6aa963b1678e55bed">set_masklen(inet, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a582069a6f1cb4d0bb189479b772d2a98"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l79b3ab579a3447d6aa963b1678e55bed"></a><a name="l79b3ab579a3447d6aa963b1678e55bed"></a>Description: Sets subnet mask length for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706145344">inet</strong> value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__af77837583b6c4f16b2f287f1180c61cf">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a9ef74b4e5fa447adaad339f32249f4d6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s4eae90156dd9453a88a3a3568043a43d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_masklen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5/24'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l14ca0d6d6f584c838aa1e17d9d06aa6a">set_masklen(cidr, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a2594170f5ab14483b8e741798f5ece87"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__l14ca0d6d6f584c838aa1e17d9d06aa6a"></a><a name="l14ca0d6d6f584c838aa1e17d9d06aa6a"></a>Description: Sets subnet mask length for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b771463356">cidr</strong> value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a477bd4c982734c308e2e1877440d4beb">Return type: cidr</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8a03774415e24db19100061bf5cf845a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s68bba9eb6d4348dab5f6fd805a422b92"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_masklen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.0/24'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">cidr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lb3d67bef2d7b4aab986588fc3cc2c3b6">text(inet)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8d3d2b099a6c43799840659f36be41bf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__lb3d67bef2d7b4aab986588fc3cc2c3b6"></a><a name="lb3d67bef2d7b4aab986588fc3cc2c3b6"></a>Description: Extracts IP address and subnet mask length as text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a154732ac53974796841d68740b9af371">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a13896e52aea34477b3102da99f963d68">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s7d063b382d6a40c1bcebb05cc9f9c1d5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.5'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a203aed1392224d78bc5a61df33ec8908">Any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706145552">cidr</strong> value can be cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270614565">inet</strong> implicitly or explicitly; therefore, the functions shown above as operating on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706145624">inet</strong> also work on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706145628">cidr</strong> values. An <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706194051">inet</strong> value can be cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270619412">cidr</strong>. After the conversion, any bits to the right of the subnet mask are silently zeroed to create a valid <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706194115">cidr</strong> value. In addition, you can cast a text string to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270615826">inet</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270615832">cidr</strong> using normal casting syntax. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270695824">inet(expression)</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270695822">colname::cidr</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__s20277f9f2cc141fd879ec3f21abc485e"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151118">macaddr</strong> Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__af89cc7e2065c481596256d724a3ab055">The function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151053">trunc(macaddr)</strong> returns a MAC address with the last 3 bytes set to zero.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a97efa1e221a34454b481d61b0b2a265e">trunc(macaddr)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ac651b239bf764c2090bd78b1fc2ac569">Description: Sets last 3 bytes to zero.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__adc52a8c2d3b8469ea96b921f868c82a2">Return type: macaddr</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__ae1334b14043d4ead80e9fb47c6d0eee0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__sb27ba3656b434af88ed6c67d26409e29"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">macaddr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'12:34:56:78:90:ab'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">56</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__a8182cdebc465488a940af73978ce4a6b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151524">macaddr</strong> type also supports the standard relational operators (such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151535">&gt;</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151540">&lt;=</strong>) for lexicographical ordering, and the bitwise arithmetic operators (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151548">~</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b842352706151553">&amp;</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670828__b84235270615160">|</strong>) for NOT, AND and OR.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0039.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0039.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab0ca9d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0039.html
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Text Search Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s3a0512a91e1d4694b816073df675501c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Text Search Operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__u8139f5082c594b098138c0b02c8d5c6a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l00af7c24e3a74e01b68124842f0f15ef">@@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a6b64ee3d36594f38a0fe9eca554f16a3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l00af7c24e3a74e01b68124842f0f15ef"></a><a name="l00af7c24e3a74e01b68124842f0f15ef"></a>Description: Specifies whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617423">tsvector</strong>-typed words match the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617429">tsquery</strong>-typed words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a3370656c382742a3801bf30b0d3a4230">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s21813955d8ce4cdd84c769b9b18a506e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat cats ate rats'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'cat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l235c1653ccfc4f10a67e2840ffb4ded1">@@@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a8710b3d153d349aa9b248fe3bbb4a115"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l235c1653ccfc4f10a67e2840ffb4ded1"></a><a name="l235c1653ccfc4f10a67e2840ffb4ded1"></a>Description: Synonym for @@</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__aa5f01bd0de9e4676beec3bee1b1cd3a0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s561de80622a242d39467352a9fb88022"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat cats ate rats'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'cat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l2d7964db4de24f54875bd9e7376cc823">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a7bf2deb3716c44ec84116c4c2ceb8acb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l2d7964db4de24f54875bd9e7376cc823"></a><a name="l2d7964db4de24f54875bd9e7376cc823"></a>Description: Connects two <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617445">tsvector</strong>-typed words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a98d55b96da014b3fbfc0b2e864d2ad92">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s25cdf953ebc247fa837e60f101eabf02"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a:1 b:2'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c:1 d:2 b:3'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l93026b9d3a4e43c2b0a6a1745bb542db">&amp;&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a7b2e61bce20048a3b5a7cff81e6e6ce0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l93026b9d3a4e43c2b0a6a1745bb542db"></a><a name="l93026b9d3a4e43c2b0a6a1745bb542db"></a>Description: Performs the AND operation on two <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b1413719448442">tsquery</strong>-typed words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a45709feed35540eaa8263e109c794b39">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s604662e5bc41429ca46d14738376c365"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat | rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l88e9795ddcc14a7e9a873335a0321c7c">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ae37b154c40034de1afe107601b61dd06"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l88e9795ddcc14a7e9a873335a0321c7c"></a><a name="l88e9795ddcc14a7e9a873335a0321c7c"></a>Description: Performs the OR operation on two <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b1315818462443">tsquery</strong>-typed words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a5df2f27e7ff5420cbbd52a82661c9cd3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sf228d64efc724a6aaf6e61b0c720e576"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat | rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lf3817e8f0efa400784ccea0cad1c1ca0">!!<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a8db395f8c1294937bd4f8de8aeeaf5fc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lf3817e8f0efa400784ccea0cad1c1ca0"></a><a name="lf3817e8f0efa400784ccea0cad1c1ca0"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706144355">NOT</strong> a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b8423527061184">tsquery</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a94e9b6e4038d47d489ac1d9a0e5abb24">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s02ccd857eb364602be739060d5856cac"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l7a16d7e4951540a7bd081f6e596f9002">@&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a88d412c172ec4e35acd63989a46c1582"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l7a16d7e4951540a7bd081f6e596f9002"></a><a name="l7a16d7e4951540a7bd081f6e596f9002"></a>Description: Specifies whether a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617392">tsquery</strong>-typed word contains another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706173934">tsquery</strong>-typed word.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a370b4d35009840f8a6cf5f6be60cdc02">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s79b655a967f044c49c7f7f3680b1e5c9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l9627bff08b5540de9a475e9805507040">&lt;@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a94fdc2f91b7043dbad83e37255cbfaf7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l9627bff08b5540de9a475e9805507040"></a><a name="l9627bff08b5540de9a475e9805507040"></a>Description: Specifies whether a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617522">tsquery</strong>-typed word is contained in another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270617534">tsquery</strong>-typed word.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a995b185377bb43859da7b8456bf6709c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s50a9f8b2d3cd44c38a93fe095fbcb218"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__acd15334098b9479eb13e64f36e2dfe9d">In addition to the preceding operators, the ordinary B-tree comparison operators (including = and &lt;) are defined for types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706103424">tsvector</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706103426">tsquery</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s5a8fd4d28d9245fd86e1b667af6c7537"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Text search functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__u4b3b2f26011b4c37abb796c9ef4e6689"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l438672cde1f744acbdb661feeb39bcfc">get_current_ts_config()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a051896016a71495091931084f255e227"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l438672cde1f744acbdb661feeb39bcfc"></a><a name="l438672cde1f744acbdb661feeb39bcfc"></a>Description: Gets default text search configuration.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a5976f7b617b445a7a69dfdc81290a784">Return type: regconfig</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a5d3292436e944f48920e7cb6d78964bd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s41ca23ed1276495bb3df44347e155ddd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_current_ts_config</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_current_ts_config</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l54029678a9ab4642b5bdd5949b3462ac">length(tsvector)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a456de17aad0a4a79b245f80ffa95380a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l54029678a9ab4642b5bdd5949b3462ac"></a><a name="l54029678a9ab4642b5bdd5949b3462ac"></a>Description: Number of lexemes in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706164346">tsvector</strong>-typed word.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__addbc90ce4e414787899554e1ef139af8">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a91f0b304d9c64cb7aa70027cea3304bf">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s8000b028e51b4cc7880ed5422217b7a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat:2,4 cat:3 rat:5A'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l09069108830942a2b56056561aa33ab2">numnode(tsquery)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a02f75f76956e40b5b0d90b0bc93b5c28"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l09069108830942a2b56056561aa33ab2"></a><a name="l09069108830942a2b56056561aa33ab2"></a>Description: Number of lexemes plus <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270621628">tsquery</strong> operators</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a71cdf19064c64443a035442a4c1f7c24">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__af84da72e43524972a1f5975162965cdd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__scc97551eef314dceadf9ac5ea784f560"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numnode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'(fat &amp; rat) | cat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numnode</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l5e1ee3d537794293bdf5c655580e222d">plainto_tsquery([ config regconfig , ] query text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ad4b5aa69399143f8903cc0e2ac2bc80c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l5e1ee3d537794293bdf5c655580e222d"></a><a name="l5e1ee3d537794293bdf5c655580e222d"></a>Description: Generates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b1858135020437">tsquery</strong> lexemes without punctuation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__abe9edc5bef6a4737b00326390c38d03d">Return type: tsquery</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__af9968e4e69af40bd8e76926867fa5de4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sc098374abae2435f822d51d29bd3a15f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l6afee31b4e75431f89ea88facaff388d">querytree(query tsquery)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a7d4e862a05d546a8a4738932a065a499"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l6afee31b4e75431f89ea88facaff388d"></a><a name="l6afee31b4e75431f89ea88facaff388d"></a>Description: Gets indexable part of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b8423527062179">tsquery</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a108670375ddf49d7b46dbeedc787604f">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a137894a93ca8431385e0245202e32e99">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s1bebc163168e4226b071b270174e3a68"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">querytree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo &amp; ! bar'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">querytree</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ld2966b63af9e49eeba6c04313d30c584">setweight(tsvector, "char")<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a6c2f390359c94e568fed134e7fefd979"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ld2966b63af9e49eeba6c04313d30c584"></a><a name="ld2966b63af9e49eeba6c04313d30c584"></a>Description: Assigns weight to each element of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b726701624418">tsvector</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a17f72e7d9589408a960d1408561d9cea">Return type: tsvector</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a5df364e5296f45958fa340b4ccb9eef5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sb489280366a846619b552fcfa620140a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat:2,4 cat:3 rat:5B'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l9a55948d0e844efeb8f59a52baa22a4a">strip(tsvector)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a5101049fd4fa4a2f8e931c03133e035e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l9a55948d0e844efeb8f59a52baa22a4a"></a><a name="l9a55948d0e844efeb8f59a52baa22a4a"></a>Description: Removes positions and weights from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270614214">tsvector</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a59036ef615c442c281ed2b246630557b">Return type: tsvector</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__acab09e16b2414244964b4eae00e1f2e7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s1c4bf76c8e61475d81b1a883df0a0107"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat:2,4 cat:3 rat:5A'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l955d76e39485468ead68b5d725b6ccdc">to_tsquery([ config regconfig , ] query text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a794246374f364b6988efe4fe03676f52"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l955d76e39485468ead68b5d725b6ccdc"></a><a name="l955d76e39485468ead68b5d725b6ccdc"></a>Description: Normalizes words and converts them to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270614333">tsquery</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ab847f0d361c6447b9ef19f0aa36c040e">Return type: tsquery</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a4ba092359123442daafd0003781266a1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s89d9fa4955da4f98ab5951f09f4169ff"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The &amp; Fat &amp; Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l4c588d01d8eb4d3ab6d17bca3e40af8a">to_tsvector([ config regconfig , ] document text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a14f66540843f4239900aa3325c4f68b7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l4c588d01d8eb4d3ab6d17bca3e40af8a"></a><a name="l4c588d01d8eb4d3ab6d17bca3e40af8a"></a>Description: Reduces document text to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270614436">tsvector</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a98fa081b849c4529b51a647c6fddd8dd">Return type: tsvector</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a194a4ef5ea2a4259a55ee4022d7abd97">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s1643afca18ab43c8afb46df223db1c9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l7cb4caffee044b2585fdf2171658ccd9">ts_headline([ config regconfig, ] document text, query tsquery [, options text ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__aa6acd317ad654fffa8b109a7f7322042"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l7cb4caffee044b2585fdf2171658ccd9"></a><a name="l7cb4caffee044b2585fdf2171658ccd9"></a>Description: Highlights a query match.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ae4a8bcae500b4381a3054d540dff0238">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a290ed7fec53f4640aab8026bd486ee4a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s41d7f2a3a8124859a3b4c94fb464ffbd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'x y z'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'z'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l3d58781cb7574686887fbd2dd125ae47">ts_rank([ weights float4[], ] vector tsvector, query tsquery [, normalization integer ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a6c81cb6a1ba54015ba9368af84ae9958"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l3d58781cb7574686887fbd2dd125ae47"></a><a name="l3d58781cb7574686887fbd2dd125ae47"></a>Description: Ranks document for query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a1a7efcf81343447da5eae55f8d439b6d">Return type: float4</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__afa7f15aad5b04493892e142c9cabd932">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sab10a22b8ee740cd92d76632024fcac3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0607927</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc8583e7f9791437e83df6f694e3cf4c3">ts_rank_cd([ weights float4[], ] vector tsvector, query tsquery [, normalization integer ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a2a66f5131a654651b83d9454b358a9ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc8583e7f9791437e83df6f694e3cf4c3"></a><a name="lc8583e7f9791437e83df6f694e3cf4c3"></a>Description: Ranks document for query using cover density.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__acf9e958f02264df2bfcf0b448571c331">Return type: float4</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ad1d2b0905c5f4d4980505c6a7d73c123">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s3e60a14edb1940b891a59946bea0dbdb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lf9d79a54a60a41759f660233a20ae7ba">ts_rewrite(query tsquery, target tsquery, substitute tsquery)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a33b527dcad7140028e02fefd58f1a89a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lf9d79a54a60a41759f660233a20ae7ba"></a><a name="lf9d79a54a60a41759f660233a20ae7ba"></a>Description: Replaces <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706164821">tsquery</strong>-typed word.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a50ba9c6ae87f4a7d96092969e0f6db0a">Return type: tsquery</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ad5eeb9e4a28548c7a7edf6c3fbd0feef">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s4cf5b30bd3c4453a9e263cec569b5334"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a &amp; b'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'foo|bar'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l0ef052261f4f4e1380cfe2c7f1eec380">ts_rewrite(query tsquery, select text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ab556d1bd0e5a4088899d1832f9cf5363"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l0ef052261f4f4e1380cfe2c7f1eec380"></a><a name="l0ef052261f4f4e1380cfe2c7f1eec380"></a>Description: Replaces <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706103218">tsquery</strong> data in the target with the result of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b84235270614101">SELECT</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ade296a74d43b4f809cea8b61f0b68452">Return type: tsquery</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a73b420356abd4c1eaff9c3570ae40ec4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sd4c1bf03257844c7b24c12b5f89c37e0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select ''world''::tsquery, ''hello''::tsquery'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s12611cbc4baf478f9d2ec6a2b618c5a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Text Search Debugging Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ue93a356bda84428aabe221d634cc4389"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l0da906dd5d6d448abb08c1585a11c88a">ts_debug([ config regconfig, ] document text, OUT alias text, OUT description text, OUT token text, OUT dictionaries regdictionary[], OUT dictionary regdictionary, OUT lexemes text[])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a0f3b14d6b05f4dadabe06c09b35b688b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l0da906dd5d6d448abb08c1585a11c88a"></a><a name="l0da906dd5d6d448abb08c1585a11c88a"></a>Description: Tests a configuration.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a19313140876e486d874c536aee1ab9c9">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a003e2a583d7f4d79b5a7d0ba02d06ea7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s8ead5e6953b048f8882b03d068e19b8d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Brightest supernovaes'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                     </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="w">                                      </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">The</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Space symbols&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="p">,,)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Brightest</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">brightest</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Space symbols&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="p">,,)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">supernovaes</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">supernova</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc8e3001e1c974c71ae9e0e48e5d1e016">ts_lexize(dict regdictionary, token text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__ace31c3dff18040debca82572bcdba4db"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc8e3001e1c974c71ae9e0e48e5d1e016"></a><a name="lc8e3001e1c974c71ae9e0e48e5d1e016"></a>Description: Tests a data dictionary.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a12b39d36aa8d407482a2054127907233">Return type: text[]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a17d420588f444d258383ef11a3c18fd9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__se6591bfc25324b6297b861445ead857d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english_stem'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'stars'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">star</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l089fbbb526af401aa9fa23238764c9b9">ts_parse(parser_name text, document text, OUT tokid integer, OUT token text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a8146169668b34a54a1db07b1d644c793"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l089fbbb526af401aa9fa23238764c9b9"></a><a name="l089fbbb526af401aa9fa23238764c9b9"></a>Description: Tests a parser.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a038444f636b94a739cdbebf36c874495">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a7d792c2704af42a99191044fba7fde99">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__sdc5c7c938f484637a991be7a8f159d55"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'foo - bar'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;- &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lfc4167feca564fef8cd99bfdfc082fd3">ts_parse(parser_oid oid, document text, OUT tokid integer, OUT token text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__af6ff59bd76074e8399c461dcc3d7cd0a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lfc4167feca564fef8cd99bfdfc082fd3"></a><a name="lfc4167feca564fef8cd99bfdfc082fd3"></a>Description: Tests a parser.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__afbf0e166b4bc49eb99453b7ba4d9829a">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a476675344b8842e29d6b8301802ca9ac">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s088ce84ba61e446999cd6348ccf13ca1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3722</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'foo - bar'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;- &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l5e221630be404474ae3bd84b3d406dda">ts_token_type(parser_name text, OUT tokid integer, OUT alias text, OUT description text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a04bb2a2f4af749f5b02a51aef7cb3873"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__l5e221630be404474ae3bd84b3d406dda"></a><a name="l5e221630be404474ae3bd84b3d406dda"></a>Description: Gets token types defined by parser.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a50476a5bbca94887b5d93f24ee4925b9">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a32340b54cb7c49229128ccb5f5289070">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s23893519f6da4c6fbffea8991341da52"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="w">                         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Email address&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Host</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sfloat</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Scientific notation&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Version number&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_numpart</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Space symbols&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;XML tag&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Protocol head&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numhword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">url_path</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;URL path&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;File or path name&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Decimal notation&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Signed integer&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">uint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Unsigned integer&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;XML entity&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc6c22bbdd1014bacbb6ac28819ceb366">ts_token_type(parser_oid oid, OUT tokid integer, OUT alias text, OUT description text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a926cfb898b9a4780af0b3eabf0d1d279"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc6c22bbdd1014bacbb6ac28819ceb366"></a><a name="lc6c22bbdd1014bacbb6ac28819ceb366"></a>Description: Gets token types defined by parser.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a636fb7f3f6f04c589919e41e93055175">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a628510c2c3194822aa883ef3bee4a90e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s349bcbd143c4447db52942da996c2bd6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3722</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="w">                         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Word, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Email address&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Host</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sfloat</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Scientific notation&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Version number&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_numpart</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word part, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Space symbols&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;XML tag&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Protocol head&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numhword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, letters and digits&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, all ASCII&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Hyphenated word, all letters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">url_path</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;URL path&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;File or path name&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Decimal notation&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Signed integer&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">uint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;Unsigned integer&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;XML entity&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc54667186b684c20b2b4b0e63c07a6d4">ts_stat(sqlquery text, [ weights text, ] OUT word text, OUT ndoc integer, OUT nentry integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a3c966fb9fba74778832464d51c51a1d4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__lc54667186b684c20b2b4b0e63c07a6d4"></a><a name="lc54667186b684c20b2b4b0e63c07a6d4"></a>Description: Gets statistics of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__b842352706141854">tsvector</strong> column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__af21d8bf0cfec4d6791de49191ee55923">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__a77919753b89f4a04a776840d3f172490">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671082__s64789dc2beb8491b8a5fa58a335fa926"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'select ''hello world''::tsvector'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ts_stat</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">world</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0040.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0040.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d89f363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0040.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UUID Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__p8060118">UUID functions are used to generate UUID data (see <a href="dws_06_0019.html">UUID Type</a>).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__ul15741183182315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__la18affd6ab3b4d54a98468ab3ef14002">uuid_generate_v1()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__p5882135410257"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__la18affd6ab3b4d54a98468ab3ef14002"></a><a name="la18affd6ab3b4d54a98468ab3ef14002"></a>Description: Generates a UUID sequence number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__p28723812714">Return type: UUID</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__a872e138884bc4cd99be861bd14536865">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__s811a6d62eabb4c6a8bd18d1924116cf2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uuid_generate_v1</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">uuid_generate_v1</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c71ceaca</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a175</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="n">e9</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a920</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">797</span><span class="n">ff7000001</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__note79339532436"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__p32891837122013">The uuid_generate_v1 function generates UUIDs based on the time information, cluster node ID, and thread ID that generates the sequence. Each UUID is globally unique in a cluster, but there is a low probability that a UUID is duplicated among multiple clusters.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__li342918328472">sys_guid()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__a02cd3737740b4a8e8646b227796a4e59"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__li342918328472"></a><a name="li342918328472"></a>Description: Generate a sequence number that is the same as the sequence number generated by the Oracle sys_guid method.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__acf827c1448794974b9e4c463e8e74b72">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__aa8d2eae13d26428192be7767ea996995">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__screen19708121691615"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys_guid</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="n">sys_guid</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="n">EBD3C74A17A11E9A1BF797FF7000001</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__note11860138172917"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710757__p931444063017">The data generation principle of the sys_guid function is the same as that of the uuid_generate_v1 function.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0041.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0041.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44c2cb69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0041.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">JSON Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__a6f8018c2b2ef4002adf8fc296288c5c0">JSON functions are used to generate JSON data (see <a href="dws_06_0020.html">JSON Types</a>).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__u69ac35f785014faf9d25c09b1d24c832"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__lb00e3d98a75e43188d45053853a73444">array_to_json(anyarray [, pretty_bool])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__a89f2bc81cc414ead9a9d653e75ef26ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__lb00e3d98a75e43188d45053853a73444"></a><a name="lb00e3d98a75e43188d45053853a73444"></a>Description: Returns the array as JSON. A multi-dimensional array becomes a JSON array of arrays. Line feeds will be added between dimension-1 elements if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__b84235270610575">pretty_bool</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__b842352706105842">true</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__af6298b0d131c42dab2b5779fb19794c8">Return type: json</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__afe560ddf52784c81803ae2949ad7f425">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__sd2929386be2a413fad9eae82f662f1ec"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_to_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{{1,5},{99,100}}'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">array_to_json</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">],[</span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__l148c96a6372c4d57b9942a673d25bcca">row_to_json(record [, pretty_bool])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__aaeff8fa528dc4e6ea60394596e5bae22"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__l148c96a6372c4d57b9942a673d25bcca"></a><a name="l148c96a6372c4d57b9942a673d25bcca"></a>Description: Returns the row as JSON. Line feeds will be added between level-1 elements if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__b1819021740">pretty_bool</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__b1768027707">true</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__a2c9dfe84d6fc4d4ab4190edc6e9b4dc3">Return type: json</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__aba790ee75b2c410197369ca9d0388bfc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670960__s52e34e77859b4a4fade84d61bcc2bb73"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row_to_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">row_to_json</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="ss">&quot;f1&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="ss">&quot;f2&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0042.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0042.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,907 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">HLL Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body1551855680017"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section432010211209"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Hash Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul044442754013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li044432719402">hll_hash_boolean(bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p11671938194011"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li044432719402"></a><a name="li044432719402"></a>Description: Hashes data of the bool type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p389216367402">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p10161636154017">For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen939894763819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_boolean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hll_hash_boolean</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5048724184180415669</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul985122220374"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li19663103853914">hll_hash_boolean(bool, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1352075519394"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li19663103853914"></a><a name="li19663103853914"></a>Description: Configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy) and hashes data of the bool type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p17521125513910">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p452195517393">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen24323116480"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_boolean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hll_hash_boolean</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">391264977436098630</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li14867105411381">hll_hash_smallint(smallint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p292921017397"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li14867105411381"></a><a name="li14867105411381"></a>Description: Hashes data of the smallint type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p184757292394">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p12886274013">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen162251923194017"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_smallint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">smallint</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hll_hash_smallint</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4631120266694327276</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__note79339532436"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p124422034154116">If parameters with the same numeric value are hashed using different data types, the data will differ, because hash functions select different calculation policies for each type.</p>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul13560111124510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li146341704447">hll_hash_smallint(smallint, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p9773181514442"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li146341704447"></a><a name="li146341704447"></a>Description: Configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy) and hashes data of the smallint type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p20773315124414">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p4773171544410">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen67311258194920"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_smallint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">smallint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hll_hash_smallint</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8349353095166695771</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1956018174510">hll_hash_integer(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p188441026174510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1956018174510"></a><a name="li1956018174510"></a>Description: Hashes data of the integer type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p9109154417457">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p77875718452">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen19719151604620"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3485513579396041028</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li10559161815111">hll_hash_integer(integer, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p10177323145115"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li10559161815111"></a><a name="li10559161815111"></a>Description: Hashes data of the integer type and configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p717712310518">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p19177102375115">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen86051114205619"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">183371090322255134</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li690632444615">hll_hash_bigint(bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1824419483"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li690632444615"></a><a name="li690632444615"></a>Description: Hashes data of the bigint type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p11598191915488">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1497803104816">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen936855417488"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bigint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bigint</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8349353095166695771</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li175361985218">hll_hash_bigint(bigint, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p01736302526"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li175361985218"></a><a name="li175361985218"></a>Description: Hashes data of the bigint type and configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p817373015525">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p16173530175215">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen201521340125618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bigint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bigint</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4631120266694327276</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1671222194916">hll_hash_bytea(bytea)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1390229154916"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1671222194916"></a><a name="li1671222194916"></a>Description: Hashes data of the bytea type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1488716439493">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p15816142145212">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen14291944185213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bytea</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\x'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bytea</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1138520117537">hll_hash_bytea(bytea, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p9474113115313"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1138520117537"></a><a name="li1138520117537"></a>Description: Hashes data of the bytea type and configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p164741913115317">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p17474181345310">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen14995846195613"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bytea</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\\x'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">hll_hash_bytea</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6574525721897061910</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1441418172539">hll_hash_text(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p975971875412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1441418172539"></a><a name="li1441418172539"></a>Description: Hashes data of the text type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1356010357542">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p169201850195417">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen924813111555"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5365230931951287672</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li8693717115410">hll_hash_text(text, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p5759191875417"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li8693717115410"></a><a name="li8693717115410"></a>Description: Hashes data of the text type and configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1975961813546">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p117599187549">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen7471125093417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AB'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="mi">7680762839921155903</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1234171916555">hll_hash_any(anytype)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p5937103516556"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1234171916555"></a><a name="li1234171916555"></a>Description: Hashes data of any type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1484847125510">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p58671952597">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen16992812185916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8604791237420463362</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'08:00:2b:01:02:03'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">macaddr</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4883882473551067169</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li15301518185519">hll_hash_any(anytype, int32)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p11527182214554"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li15301518185519"></a><a name="li15301518185519"></a>Description: Hashes data of any type and configures a hash seed (that is, change the hash policy).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1652718228557">Return type: hll_hashval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7527422135514">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen315816253573"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">hll_hash_any</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1478847531811254870</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li789114975914">hll_hashval_eq(hll_hashval, hll_hashval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7498123719018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li789114975914"></a><a name="li789114975914"></a>Description: Compares two pieces of data of the hll_hashval type to check whether they are the same.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p119982521903">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p473220582000">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen184516181417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hashval_eq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hashval_eq</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li8451142520112">hll_hashval_ne(hll_hashval, hll_hashval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p763471424"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li8451142520112"></a><a name="li8451142520112"></a>Description: Compares two pieces of data of the hll_hashval type to check whether they are different.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p497629825">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p614410385211">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen73758524"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hashval_ne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hashval_ne</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section1615145915110"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precision Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1459914424415">HLL supports <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b2218125734413">explicit</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1751514115457">sparse</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b981244124515">full</strong> modes. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b3616848103513">explicit</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1661744818359">sparse</strong> excel when the data scale is small, and barely produce errors in calculation results. When the number of distinct values increases, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b153172525357">full</strong> becomes more suitable, but produces some errors. The following functions are used to view precision parameters in HLLs.</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul1536134010715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li103634012717">hll_schema_version(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p131926551716"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li103634012717"></a><a name="li103634012717"></a>Description: Checks the schema version in the current HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1764011597819">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen118593201792"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_schema_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_schema_version</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li186561125291">hll_type(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p131220381690"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li186561125291"></a><a name="li186561125291"></a>Description: Checks the type of the current HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p11497205914912">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen13543173010106"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_type</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1176193861016">hll_log2m(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p8498143517260"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1176193861016"></a><a name="li1176193861016"></a>Description: Check the value of log2m of the current HLL. This value affects the error rate in calculating the number of distinct values by the HLL. The formula for calculating the error rate is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p35854337613"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__image1568415491471" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145830887.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p894785514132">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen119003918144"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_log2m</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_log2m</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li16353516101417">hll_regwidth(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p154161231161410"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li16353516101417"></a><a name="li16353516101417"></a>Description: Checks the number of bits of buckets in a hll data structure.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1693117529148">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen47445105156"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_regwidth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_regwidth</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li283771671511">hll_expthresh(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p5745731101514"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li283771671511"></a><a name="li283771671511"></a>Description: Obtains the size of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b181398303620">expthresh</strong> in the current HLL. An HLL usually switches from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b11401034362">explicit</strong> mode to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1814103103612">sparse</strong> mode and then to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b11411353616">full</strong> mode. This process is called the promotion hierarchy policy. You can change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1326464366">expthresh</strong> to change the policy. For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1632717663619">expthresh</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b632819616366">0</strong>, an HILL will skip the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b73286618369">explicit</strong> mode and directly enter the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b20329269366">sparse</strong> mode. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b19190154625318">expthresh</strong> is explicitly set to a value ranging from 1 to 7, this function returns 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__sup134945331612">expthresh</sup>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1594874916153">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen14338910101614"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_expthresh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_expthresh</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">160</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_expthresh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_expthresh</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1927621401615">hll_sparseon(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p19838823171611"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1927621401615"></a><a name="li1927621401615"></a>Description: Specifies whether to enable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b19748112616565">sparse</strong> mode. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b175032625613">0</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1875192625618">off</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b19751102635618">1</strong> indicates <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b475220262560">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p2071413457163">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1380847151712"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_sparseon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_sparseon</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section52621914536"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Aggregation Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul184183451465"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li338416476468">hll_add_agg(hll_hashval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1847115251153"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li338416476468"></a><a name="li338416476468"></a>Description: Groups hashed data into HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1128415470158">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p08611252141511">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen7705135519166"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Prepare data:</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Create another table and specify an HLL column:</span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_a_c_hll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Use GROUP BY on column a to group data, and insert the data to the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_a_c_hll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Calculate the number of distinct values for each group in the HLL:</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cardinality</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_a_c_hll</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">cardinality</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---+------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">741759091658</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">741759091658</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul13721161131510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1450517214596">hll_add_agg(hll_hashval, int32 log2m)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1987284112595"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1450517214596"></a><a name="li1450517214596"></a>Description: Groups hashed data into HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1353841513415">log2m</strong> parameter. The parameter value ranges from 10 to 16.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p6872204112591">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1087204113597">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1144945161113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">503</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">932348927339</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li420241718318">hll_add_agg(hll_hashval, int32 log2m, int32 regwidth)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1423816181547"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li420241718318"></a><a name="li420241718318"></a>Description: Groups hashed data into HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1880893812520">log2m</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b179303418519">regwidth</strong> parameters in sequence. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b470502669">regwidth</strong> ranges from 1 to 5.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1023881817415">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p122380181943">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen13205143014228"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">Select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">496</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">628982624022</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li2021817135616">hll_add_agg(hll_hashval, int32 log2m, int32 regwidth, int64 expthresh)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1053925568"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li2021817135616"></a><a name="li2021817135616"></a>Description: Groups hashed data into HLL and sets the parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1844354818576">log2m</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b464725011575">regwidth</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b174121356125719">expthresh</strong> in sequence. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b10982132035812">expthresh</strong> is an integer ranging from –1 to 7. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b15417119838">expthresh</strong> is used to specify the threshold for switching from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b8292133810318">explicit</strong> mode to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1052515471533">sparse</strong> mode. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b19867125919319">–1</strong> indicates the auto mode; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b642173315417">0</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1945494910414">explicit</strong> mode is skipped; a value from 1 to 7 indicates that the mode is switched when the number of distinct values reaches 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__sup112656249195"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b208165184812">expthresh</strong></sup>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p13531025367">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p8534254610">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen99971539142319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">496</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">628982624022</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li599851619816">hll_add_agg(hll_hashval, int32 log2m, int32 regwidth, int64 expthresh, int32 sparseon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p142701419188"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li599851619816"></a><a name="li599851619816"></a>Description: Groups hashed data into HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b811474016810">log2m</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b6360114111811">regwidth</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b127044516815">expthresh</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b662744811814">sparseon</strong> parameters in sequence. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b3462197131415">sparseon</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b59371822911">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b84781461798">1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p102701919181">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1027014194811">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen4897191820299"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">496</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">628982624022</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li149714387173">hll_union_agg(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1619444182"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li149714387173"></a><a name="li149714387173"></a>Description: Perform the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b181714176359">UNION</strong> operation on multiple pieces of data of the hll type to obtain one HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p8894142313186">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7206133211186">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1668214125305"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Perform the UNION operation on data of the hll type in each group to obtain one HLL, and calculate the number of distinct values:</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="n">hll_union_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cardinality</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t_a_c_hll</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">cardinality</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">496</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">628982624022</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__note42005853413"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p02075810346">To perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b014718258118">UNION</strong> on data in multiple HLLs, ensure that the HLLs have the same precision. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b11295354124">UNION</strong> cannot be performed. This restriction also applies to the hll_union(hll, hll) function.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section17355134113311"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Functional Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul19311914134811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1918101619482">hll_print(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1167654218200"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1918101619482"></a><a name="li1918101619482"></a>Description: Prints some debugging parameters of an HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p15725115513207">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen533419108215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">hll_print</span><span class="w">                         </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EMPTY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nregs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2048</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nbits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expthresh</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">160</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sparseon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">gongne</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul192613016208"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li6147111818213">hll_empty()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1639774632111"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li6147111818213"></a><a name="li6147111818213"></a>Description: Creates an empty HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p8960175818213">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p76012252218">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen18414225172212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x118b7f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li294513342287">hll_empty(int32 log2m)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1831211171982"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li294513342287"></a><a name="li294513342287"></a>Description: Creates an empty HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1984021117191">log2m</strong> parameter. The parameter value ranges from 10 to 16.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p131216177814">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p14312117989">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1397418303228"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x118a7f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li14981621015">hll_empty(int32 log2m, int32 regwidth)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p16155163916101"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li14981621015"></a><a name="li14981621015"></a>Description: Creates an empty HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b16692457191918">log2m</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b53357213202">regwidth</strong> parameters in sequence. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b85081216508">regwidth</strong> ranges from 1 to 5.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p11155193920102">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1615553912105">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1648416394220"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x116a7f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li65635587126">hll_empty(int32 log2m, int32 regwidth, int64 expthresh)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p182001115141314"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li65635587126"></a><a name="li65635587126"></a>Description: Creates an empty HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1737083012200">log2m</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b5339123220205">regwidth</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b07702035182010">expthresh</strong> parameters. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b780316591673">expthresh</strong> is an integer ranging from –1 to 7. This parameter specifies the threshold for switching from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b165034260816">explicit</strong> mode to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b15046268810">sparse</strong> mode. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b118741382503">–1</strong> indicates the auto mode; <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1187563865017">0</strong> indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b148771538195012">explicit</strong> mode is skipped; a value from 1 to 7 indicates that the mode is switched when the number of distinct values reaches 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__sup28794386501"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b0878163895014">expthresh</strong></sup>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1533061014228">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p52001515121313">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen6621144512210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x116a48</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li15202125961520">hll_empty(int32 log2m, int32 regwidth, int64 expthresh, int32 sparseon)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p158132614212"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li15202125961520"></a><a name="li15202125961520"></a>Description: Creates an empty HLL and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1975693492119">log2m</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b177113452119">regwidth</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b13771634172119">expthresh</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1123985015212">sparseon</strong> parameters. The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b62752056142110">sparseon</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b1067005842119">0</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b03959117225">1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p981376152115">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p88135612218">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen146220508225"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x116a08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li7789448142212">hll_add(hll, hll_hashval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1941515252311"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li7789448142212"></a><a name="li7789448142212"></a>Description: Adds hll_hashval to an HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1441738112410">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p88702122243">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen108071136122412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafe</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li463515414247">hll_add_rev(hll_hashval, hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1288656122519"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li463515414247"></a><a name="li463515414247"></a>Description: Adds hll_hashval to an HLL. This function works the same as hll_add, except that the positions of parameters are switched.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p227181912514">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1135502417257">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen209187392252"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add_rev</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">hll_add_rev</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafe</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1137144442511">hll_eq(hll, hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p958916318260"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1137144442511"></a><a name="li1137144442511"></a>Description: Compares two HLLs to check whether they are the same.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p49961415192612">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p390213219261">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1455873692616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_eq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_eq</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li17480164332619">hll_ne(hll, hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p122916532719"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li17480164332619"></a><a name="li17480164332619"></a>Description: Compares two HLLs to check whether they are different.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p585731542715">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p12888131922719">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen335754922717"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_ne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_ne</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li76541539271">hll_cardinality(hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p73021312817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li76541539271"></a><a name="li76541539271"></a>Description: Calculates the number of distinct values of an HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p15436113019288">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p379673532815">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen71391529282"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_cardinality</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li650195610286">hll_union(hll, hll)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p742361232918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li650195610286"></a><a name="li650195610286"></a>Description: Performs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__b18279978475">UNION</strong> operation on two HLL data structures to obtain one HLL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1193813916294">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p4673204419296">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen1270611814308"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_union</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">hll_union</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafeda0ce907e4355b60</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section121531551417"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Built-in Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p163082041204910">HLL has a series of built-in functions for internal data processing. Generally, users do not need to know how to use these functions. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__table47911935194712">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__table47911935194712"></a><a name="table47911935194712"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__table47911935194712" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Built-in functions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row77911435104713"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" id="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p2791143544719">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" id="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p9791835174713">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1879183513479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1179193510478">hll_in</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1979119357477">Receives hll data in string format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1479111356473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p279183512474">hll_out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p3791143534720">Sends hll data in string format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row17791143519475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p179143534719">hll_recv</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p19791133504717">Receives hll data in bytea format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row37911735174717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p579113584717">hll_send</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p27911635154716">Sends hll data in bytea format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1079119355476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p879173514479">hll_trans_in</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1479112358470">Receives hll_trans_type data in string format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1679111357471"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p19791103544713">hll_trans_out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p379103574716">Sends hll_trans_type data in string format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row279110357470"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p379193517476">hll_trans_recv</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p187911359479">Receives hll_trans_type data in bytea format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1679123516479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1579193513473">hll_trans_send</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p4791235144715">Sends hll_trans_type data in bytea format.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row10791193515474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p13791103513474">hll_typmod_in</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7791835124712">Receives typmod data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row167911235114720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1791123516471">hll_typmod_out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p17918354472">Sends typmod data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row20791193513473"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p117911835204715">hll_hashval_in</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1779111354473">Receives hll_hashval data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row13791173594711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p167911235154711">hll_hashval_out</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p4791163594716">Sends hll_hashval data.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row9791435194716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p18791335114717">hll_add_trans0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p117915355473">Works similar to hll_add, and is used on the first phase of DNs in distributed aggregation operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row12791103520475"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p2791143513476">hll_union_trans</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7791103544717">Works similar to hll_union, and is used on the first phase of DNs in distributed aggregation operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row15791133515478"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1879133524717">hll_union_collect</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p179110357477">Works similar to hll_union, and is used on the second phase of CNs in distributed aggregation operations to summarize the results of each DN.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row47911535164716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1479111359471">hll_pack</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p579114359471">Is used on the third phase of CNs in distributed aggregation operations to convert a user-defined type hll_trans_type to the hll type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row1179173574716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p17791635184719">hll</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p879183564713">Converts a hll type to another hll type. Input parameters can be specified.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row107913352479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p879153518477">hll_hashval</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p67911135194720">Converts the bigint type to the hll_hashval type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__row14791143519470"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.48%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1079123544713">hll_hashval_int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75.52%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p279110352479">Converts the int4 type to the hll_hashval type.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__section0622234841"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul46536203527"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li116531820165213">=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1290875111157"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li116531820165213"></a><a name="li116531820165213"></a>Description: Compares the values of hll and hll_hashval types to check whether they are the same.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1579811138169">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p10751141881610">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen196755372168"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--hll</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">column</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--hll_hashval</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__ul747015462150"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li12661524164">&lt;&gt; or !=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p950315931712"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li12661524164"></a><a name="li12661524164"></a>Description: Compares the values of hll and hll_hashval types to check whether they are different.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7269162212177">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p561683021714">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen3694196111819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--hll</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">--hll_hashval</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1658419151180">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p8976833171810"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li1658419151180"></a><a name="li1658419151180"></a>Description: Represents the functions of hll_add, hll_union, and hll_add_rev.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p12773165317187">Return type: hll</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p449295812188">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen188043271192"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">--hll_add</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafe</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--hll_add_rev</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafe</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--hll_union</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">x128b7f8895a3f5af28cafeda0ce907e4355b60</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li16979102211209">#<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p9230123062016"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__li16979102211209"></a><a name="li16979102211209"></a>Description: Calculates the number of distinct values of an HLL. It works the same as the hll_cardinality function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p1891854172018">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__p7886845202013">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830495__screen17918186172112"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hll_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hll_hash_integer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0043.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0043.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SEQUENCE Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1495779428189"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a363f613923e340c6bab7d782ca87fbcf">The sequence functions provide a simple method to ensure security of multiple users for users to obtain sequence values from sequence objects.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__note78071427191917"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__ul12807162781911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__li108071627191918">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1524286456">SEQUENCE</strong> and related functions.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__u7301bc77a75b4e5aa598eedc0b141e71"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l39b2ed1333364eb09905f95ca318f2b8">nextval(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__acd0dfb63e16d4a9abb1284c82b885646"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l39b2ed1333364eb09905f95ca318f2b8"></a><a name="l39b2ed1333364eb09905f95ca318f2b8"></a>Specifies an increasing sequence and returns a new value.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__note60728127111926"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__ul1513819291017"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__li191387213106">To avoid blocking of concurrent transactions that obtain numbers from the same sequence, a nextval operation is never rolled back; that is, once a value has been fetched it is considered used, even if the transaction that did the nextval later aborts. This means that aborted transactions may leave unused "holes" in the sequence of assigned values. Therefore, sequences in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__text456520506">GaussDB(DWS)</span> cannot be used to obtain sequence without gaps.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__li4685101061013">If the nextval function is pushed to DNs, each DN will automatically connect to the GTM and requests the next value. For example, in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b842352706204242">insert into t1 select xxx</strong> statement, a column in table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b84235270620433">t1</strong> needs to invoke the nextval function. If maximum number of connections on the GTM is 8192, this type of pushed statements occupies too many GTM connections. Therefore, the number of concurrent connections for these statements is limited to 7000 divided by the number of cluster DNs. The other 1192 connections are reserved for other statements.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__en-us_topic_0060879639_p314920474384">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p176441619151">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1410193012719">nextval</strong> function can be invoked in either of the following ways: (In example 2, the Oracle syntax is supported. Currently, the sequence name cannot contain a dot.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a8c63d3e54b1c4a2799425e52e06d8b95">Example 1:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__s0a7297247f8840a597e83cad0a2ab829"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'seqDemo'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p315161211497">Example 2:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__screen815161220499"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">seqDemo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__li5966659145916">currval(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p1435819548305"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__li5966659145916"></a><a name="li5966659145916"></a>Returns the last value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b393411614205">nextval</strong> for a specified sequence in the current session. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b196510619500">nextval</strong> has not been invoked for the specified sequence in the current session, an error is reported when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b5565173802111">currval</strong> is invoked. By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1192556235">currval</strong> is disabled. To enable it, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b18349122452315">enable_beta_features</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b6931151864117">true</strong>. After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b62701450162310">currval</strong> is enabled, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b10401539185414">nextval</strong> will not be pushed down.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p7571236901">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p813314107169">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b7534439172819">currval</strong> function can be invoked in either of the following ways: (In example 2, the Oracle syntax is supported. Currently, the sequence name cannot contain a dot.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p1617610338010">Example 1:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__screen8971174610020"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">currval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'seq1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">currval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p1926112573502">Example 2:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__screen3261165714502"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">seq1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">currval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">seq1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">currval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l26217e9ec3e34f709719685b170c5582">lastval()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a3afa8efbc9274386838520424c8cd112"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l26217e9ec3e34f709719685b170c5582"></a><a name="l26217e9ec3e34f709719685b170c5582"></a>Returns the last value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b15113181013442">nextval</strong> in the current session. This function is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1869514325444">currval</strong>, but <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b16721648205213">lastval</strong> does not have a parameter. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1910410816">nextval</strong> has not been invoked in the current session, an error is reported when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b994111315501">lastval</strong> is invoked.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p8845383318">By default, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1667814301277">lastval</strong> is disabled. To enable it, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b0945577241">enable_beta_features</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b17931418204111">lastval_supported</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b655346511">true</strong>. After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1731734193010">lastval</strong> is enabled, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b1920581822511">nextval</strong> will not be pushed down.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a56bedcd9a63543e4a75e57fe7341852f">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__ad810a7d08a6c4509a54f20546db2142d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__sf22e30aebbe04129ae1c50b00d5e595a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lastval</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lastval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l16efc6b16908402e8a5b59e355163c3a">setval(regclass, bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a281a84a862eb43879ad8317af3e9a560"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l16efc6b16908402e8a5b59e355163c3a"></a><a name="l16efc6b16908402e8a5b59e355163c3a"></a>Sets the current value of a sequence.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__aad3e1cfe310e4d59a0903f5af8dcc2ef">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a982dc89102a04a459ac434ad8420cd0c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__s78fbbe72db3240febcdc430ad7cc5c78"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'seqDemo'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__l2b655dd6f43b40abb8f8fc2bfce2d4dc">setval(regclass, bigint, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__text149231018202016">boolean</span>)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a4e6c19318840449abeb228b4a99ced05">Sets the current value of a sequence and the is_called sign.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a99899b384b2c45acbd0f7c71768cbedd">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a06214645117244dca93fbc569e17e83b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__sc1463e8fbf754f4c935f5b17ba38e868"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'seqDemo'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">setval</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__n3a4125b1ff6145bab5fb986543666b0e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__a15d3731bdb38424ca454b6c531a27e6e">The current session and GTM will take effect immediately after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b842352706115433">setval</strong> is performed. If other sessions have buffered sequence values, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b71271922452">setval</strong> will take effect only after the values are used up. Therefore, to prevent sequence value conflicts, you are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b040245753912">setval</strong> with caution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__p58748199114623">Because the sequence is non-transactional, changes made by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710767__b84235270620373">setval</strong> will not be canceled when a transaction rolled back.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0044.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0044.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Array Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s3540331929ff4448813cb66d4e219418"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Array Operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__u9fa2d7a6541a403196f3d189142ac9d7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lec1c5dba749b4191b0e84f68c4b7ce71">=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a35a69c24ac314b7a833387e3e4105597"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lec1c5dba749b4191b0e84f68c4b7ce71"></a><a name="lec1c5dba749b4191b0e84f68c4b7ce71"></a>Description: Specifies whether two arrays are equal.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a0537403c90484609a7d04fb266ae2d72">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__see826785af054f61a9b7e474c3b96faf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]::</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l2a2b9d1970f1417fb5633f965e24f20e">&lt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a1d626c88b99045ba8b4f0bda7acbaad7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l2a2b9d1970f1417fb5633f965e24f20e"></a><a name="l2a2b9d1970f1417fb5633f965e24f20e"></a>Description: Specifies whether two arrays are not equal.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__afe4b912d125841d681e2eeeaf368efeb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s4f47871c2c20489388227d9373a710e9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l063d696101844bcda0cae1e5fb4d036e">&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__aff54f0417be44186b4f1b459cd50c3c3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l063d696101844bcda0cae1e5fb4d036e"></a><a name="l063d696101844bcda0cae1e5fb4d036e"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array is less than another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a291293668eb84fd283f3ce188f548270">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s5e085877f7e54d4d9e5d05247cdcf569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l4def883b110447c5929c0540ae541f4f">&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a8859abe23f5a44c093c9eaee8b45cf4a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l4def883b110447c5929c0540ae541f4f"></a><a name="l4def883b110447c5929c0540ae541f4f"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array is greater than another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a1808c82a44ea4459900ec1acaef5c217">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s8fa84b40ad814b109029b3ce978bae1d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l3c46e579a9fd4a0084d0de175c2588d2">&lt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__af0caf0b68e9a44dc94f5fe7f14557338"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l3c46e579a9fd4a0084d0de175c2588d2"></a><a name="l3c46e579a9fd4a0084d0de175c2588d2"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array is less than another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a03489e256f0f46d8b8fc3585a2ad6bd3">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__se4f180740b8345a5a3e569c084b3d8a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l98c970f070f14bc9a56f5222cf5ab24a">&gt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a9f230089786645539eb3891058beae16"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l98c970f070f14bc9a56f5222cf5ab24a"></a><a name="l98c970f070f14bc9a56f5222cf5ab24a"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array is greater than or equal to another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a78b232158b5945bbbfa79cb214e7333a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s2fc887dd90e544e992c42c0fb7a25ef1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l9e43f96437c64ff1884b5fe387bb8c7a">@&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ad705af1d19354834bc86103cac912bcc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l9e43f96437c64ff1884b5fe387bb8c7a"></a><a name="l9e43f96437c64ff1884b5fe387bb8c7a"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array contains another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a3287b9a073cb4e118cbd0b20a441fefc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s331eecec82fa41c8b1a9aa8f7fff351f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l73fdd603fc644f47a5032a03d8d68c46">&lt;@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a02291832c4d54980a5e1f3555ffb2994"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l73fdd603fc644f47a5032a03d8d68c46"></a><a name="l73fdd603fc644f47a5032a03d8d68c46"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array is contained in another.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ac98d2ac7ee8446138bc4bcab7350d5c0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s508b85d479184a2cb7f18efe484af096"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l589832191c2a47688b55122e9ca3ee6a">&amp;&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ae31a9b8958c6442fbfcc4297d7f1740c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l589832191c2a47688b55122e9ca3ee6a"></a><a name="l589832191c2a47688b55122e9ca3ee6a"></a>Description: Specifies whether an array overlaps another (have common elements).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__aa32463e2ce5a44eda25b3dc104814363">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__sede2813fb31749c398434c73356a7b49"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lbea220e3e90648aa8f88a45cfd3426e4">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a79c2333bf2044e16bb1086054046501a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lbea220e3e90648aa8f88a45cfd3426e4"></a><a name="lbea220e3e90648aa8f88a45cfd3426e4"></a>Description: Array-to-array concatenation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a05ef3b151c0445789f3284efc0316de1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s1e4b07bfd0ba4e62b929fb5d4b0b4e7f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s15c76363f25b4e8db9ba28135b86e82d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">],[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">           </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__laa90c0929b0c4ca8badf146d9669e007">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a182b15cf2ebf4b27adeae26120cd9237"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__laa90c0929b0c4ca8badf146d9669e007"></a><a name="laa90c0929b0c4ca8badf146d9669e007"></a>Description: Element-to-array concatenation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a4304073fcb6c4230aa1c39f1ac5cf0f4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s9cd724a1aea142369997c2f0017be628"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l3a55d33aec0049dcb5cad0d294a72fb9">||<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a9d909869f6eb4c30abbdfbbd42754586"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l3a55d33aec0049dcb5cad0d294a72fb9"></a><a name="l3a55d33aec0049dcb5cad0d294a72fb9"></a>Description: Array-to-element concatenation</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a3f594c5d8c8d42688710985c582a1b32">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__sc83cd94a082a4dcfb34fe2a4376e175d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a6a5ed8398b4144509ea26d324e1686d2">Array comparisons compare the array contents element-by-element, using the default B-tree comparison function for the element data type. In multidimensional arrays, the elements are accessed in row-major order. If the contents of two arrays are equal but the dimensionality is different, the first difference in the dimensionality information determines the sort order.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s6e73bbaea63a4844b7e0c9207ff67dbf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Array Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__u593a3848961c4b5fae9a017f1e8916b5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lddf2573db4d14b089a2acfe2b9944e41">array_append(anyarray, anyelement)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a18befa664fe84b17b6e61441f763b5f6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lddf2573db4d14b089a2acfe2b9944e41"></a><a name="lddf2573db4d14b089a2acfe2b9944e41"></a>Description: Appends an element to the end of an array, and only supports dimension-1 arrays.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__abb75bd0c63f14efabdc873afdd7d2695">Return type: anyarray</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a7e1830be437a49b88fd0328d679ce10d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__saa4d445d36d445ea94f865da1e904aec"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l4bf1f5db81dc4a39b68b409e5abd50c3">array_prepend(anyelement, anyarray)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__afeec27871b384948b97ce2bd6e4e7eed"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l4bf1f5db81dc4a39b68b409e5abd50c3"></a><a name="l4bf1f5db81dc4a39b68b409e5abd50c3"></a>Description: Appends an element to the beginning of an array, and only supports dimension-1 arrays.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ab9523c0ed2774a2680cf65f28bf98ce6">Return type: anyarray</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a479a9ff1baee491c80c67a45379bfe79">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s95e4d0a866004a44a4970544b56afe01"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_prepend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__la621e0233abf42a88afd862a9515021a">array_cat(anyarray, anyarray)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a0e157dd329f44e6e8833968a10713eb8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__la621e0233abf42a88afd862a9515021a"></a><a name="la621e0233abf42a88afd862a9515021a"></a>Description: Concatenates two arrays, and supports multi-dimensional arrays.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a84c380792e174cb1b8329f9e11082151">Return type: anyarray</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__abf265b039b7847dd859a7beea835a108">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s10d89264efcc427ba6e9dcb754665d96"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_cat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_cat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lfcd8d808c9684327bce9cc22e752aec8">array_ndims(anyarray)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__adfd854d1d94347eb9cb5d68aab8c0b7d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lfcd8d808c9684327bce9cc22e752aec8"></a><a name="lfcd8d808c9684327bce9cc22e752aec8"></a>Description: Returns the number of dimensions of the array.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a75c05eb4ab5f4541b123ad3a95382083">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ac01fbae9b0184b488c61c32dcff52fe6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s828536a580e14f53b780b80f45ea63cb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_ndims</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lcebde0aeef58401d9efa990ca46ead13">array_dims(anyarray)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a87aa6ee8b2214c19938bd97b77b7a01a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lcebde0aeef58401d9efa990ca46ead13"></a><a name="lcebde0aeef58401d9efa990ca46ead13"></a>Description: Returns a text representation of array's dimensions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a84a2731474ea43da94efb92deb673719">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a35cf9f010b224c7f92b8b67836c23013">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s8508fcae5eb94f61bbe44f1ad872a59f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_dims</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__laa37510d1fe943fcae575bd6baa7bdc2">array_length(anyarray, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a62c46b47905f4137a227adfc782570da"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__laa37510d1fe943fcae575bd6baa7bdc2"></a><a name="laa37510d1fe943fcae575bd6baa7bdc2"></a>Description: Returns the length of the requested array dimension.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a442bd8de704e40d9939a2e4e6458fd84">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ab24eec2b23574233adef5cf1217966da">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s02cf8b9375014cef899e701315548c6c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l93b52f2eb2494583b3331edabac5a3e9">array_lower(anyarray, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a7f8f5df612f748519a2855c143ebdf44"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l93b52f2eb2494583b3331edabac5a3e9"></a><a name="l93b52f2eb2494583b3331edabac5a3e9"></a>Description: Returns lower bound of the requested array dimension.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a3066980f85914ec58391fe13a8fa24f5">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ad4eefb0cbc7c4aa0aeb43ec39bbd081a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s02f297c2fa554da9ab1ae26a2d40e523"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_lower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'[0:2]={1,2,3}'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l855f29d3c36e4c7fabf59a5f9b5490d1">array_upper(anyarray, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ac090bdb9587c4a6aabf2ea0e3679c3f8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l855f29d3c36e4c7fabf59a5f9b5490d1"></a><a name="l855f29d3c36e4c7fabf59a5f9b5490d1"></a>Description: Returns upper bound of the requested array dimension.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a0bdd8be3a6f141918326b83635f798fc">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ac5cb7dad2ebd41a1aa972a4cc4b770e1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__scff4ce858bfc4cb3904f548fd608f964"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__la9cc682a31694431b668eb8293985bbc">array_to_string(anyarray, text [, text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ae546b8ebe8a44a75b9a3654e0ec3a352"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__la9cc682a31694431b668eb8293985bbc"></a><a name="la9cc682a31694431b668eb8293985bbc"></a>Description: Uses the first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b84235270617226">text</strong> as the new delimiter and the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b84235270617250">text</strong> to replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b20592526115714">NULL</strong> values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__af715b788ff9f4da7a3fa5b3e35bfefad">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ae88d26d5df654a23aa8c46e039be3da5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__s01bed07e27344f8d9b1a719dc6ad4d08"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_to_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lebc83b04e36744ca9d5693dcb13ef9b7">string_to_array(text, text [,  text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__p1198415418537"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__lebc83b04e36744ca9d5693dcb13ef9b7"></a><a name="lebc83b04e36744ca9d5693dcb13ef9b7"></a>Description: Uses the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b15557151311222">text</strong> as the new delimiter and the third <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b1444901710318">text</strong> as the substring to be replaced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b6724851134911">NULL</strong> values. A substring can be replaced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b7531112501">NULL</strong> values only when it is the same as the third <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b16389553125918">text</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a361fc05615f046c289a113c689211000">Return type: text[]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a2e21749971fb46b883ba54592d1dbb66">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__sa1ea7b692e78451ea5abbf867a78ea44"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'xx~^~yy~^~zz'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'~^~'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yy'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">xx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">zz</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'xx~^~yy~^~zz'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'~^~'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'y'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">xx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">yy</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">zz</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l7a33944ccbd345bc9951e891b0e1dda2">unnest(anyarray)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a4620bbb128f548e28a18229c078eab0a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__l7a33944ccbd345bc9951e891b0e1dda2"></a><a name="l7a33944ccbd345bc9951e891b0e1dda2"></a>Description: Expands an array to a set of rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a08d374ca0da2404d86e2a6d1e3a8a715">Return type: setof anyelement</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__ab52307f767f8455992e31d164a8ca464">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__sd64cfe8b5bba43569813ae8776049a41"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unnest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__aed8d05c59d6145ea95edb66f9140d0cb">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b842352706101929">string_to_array</strong>, if the delimiter parameter is NULL, each character in the input string will become a separate element in the resulting array. If the delimiter is an empty string, then the entire input string is returned as a one-element array. Otherwise the input string is split at each occurrence of the delimiter string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a8a00a5a315344f1d98f56cb70190d4cc">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b842352706102048">string_to_array</strong>, if the null-string parameter is omitted or NULL, none of the substrings of the input will be replaced by NULL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__a83e2c552273347e68ed444a42d2bbc55">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150888__b842352706102155">array_to_string</strong>, if the null-string parameter is omitted or NULL, any null elements in the array are simply skipped and not represented in the output string.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0045.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0045.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Range Functions and Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s8a67dbf665d342fd80100792d8aab320"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Range Operators</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__u680e88b84b4340bb9c6bccb07c618942"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l5261bd13ba484893ab6194a1584f7769">=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a2455afd33be242448b487022e0ede544"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l5261bd13ba484893ab6194a1584f7769"></a><a name="l5261bd13ba484893ab6194a1584f7769"></a>Description: Equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ad8d3d6d8e89a48a3a9ad88a03ae1977d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s159a75eb1c6d4ff7ae0dbd44af9d1d7e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[1,4]'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l94e0bd528c674039a3e15b891654a63a">&lt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__afb2af9999ab34bff85a9564b0d7dc808"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l94e0bd528c674039a3e15b891654a63a"></a><a name="l94e0bd528c674039a3e15b891654a63a"></a>Description: Does not equal to</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a5e3961c772b74cabb250f139a74b0c62">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sf1f173b0631a42d2b3496bb8a4766dad"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__laf0860c6007543a1a796ed20d725a4e1">&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ad351ca0e74bd44eaac4ce8c53c0ca80f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__laf0860c6007543a1a796ed20d725a4e1"></a><a name="laf0860c6007543a1a796ed20d725a4e1"></a>Description: Is less than</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a1ac5f838c3d746b985606cf6a5ef6bb0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s3e6cac5a61b342298b14fa7fc2105438"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__leb5c70ab8d0d4dafb37d1a84d488e0dd">&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a38e6c236271a43bcb8d7919d6b194b8a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__leb5c70ab8d0d4dafb37d1a84d488e0dd"></a><a name="leb5c70ab8d0d4dafb37d1a84d488e0dd"></a>Description: Is greater than</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a41305e7ffbf2462d93744e7350a68ddb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s349d0c8b5d6e41cc97aeaaaed13dea73"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lcad130b1d0e246258fcb2495a935b95c">&lt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__add5dcf88b5c44c7baba19db6b93ae0b2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lcad130b1d0e246258fcb2495a935b95c"></a><a name="lcad130b1d0e246258fcb2495a935b95c"></a>Description: Is less than or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a722f9bd6e3e84a5c95976e406638ae44">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s0e1549e51ce144a48c0eb32b653f577c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l89e0fa117c50460eb339da8679a0451c">&gt;=<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__af121c428161e49e39dd6d569d7fe2b70"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l89e0fa117c50460eb339da8679a0451c"></a><a name="l89e0fa117c50460eb339da8679a0451c"></a>Description: Is greater than or equals</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a99f65aebef534e769eb7f213b19f8c5f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sd8793c2f232141dea12114d15d057a83"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__le2a3cef1f3144228a81b09c68c947743">@&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a12eb3c384f8d4eb7bc9d9922bda3e445"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__le2a3cef1f3144228a81b09c68c947743"></a><a name="le2a3cef1f3144228a81b09c68c947743"></a>Description: Contains range</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a44b07db7621b449b8cf3d6e0a2c96e6a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sc07767b99a954a7baaebdddccb08f7ef"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__laced8e0c4cb947f1a8e8b7118d1aaf01">@&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ae19ab4acfa5e47d491eeb2410accfd29"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__laced8e0c4cb947f1a8e8b7118d1aaf01"></a><a name="laced8e0c4cb947f1a8e8b7118d1aaf01"></a>Description: Contains element</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__aa0c4024dd87246e79bd185bf9c90195d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sa76f1cca12b042d38d1022e00e49719c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'[2011-01-01,2011-03-01)'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsrange</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2011-01-10'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l2828569f77c5438dab1a8e281cee0f1e">&lt;@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a477fd59d6d1f4d96bd6bf2b762df138b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l2828569f77c5438dab1a8e281cee0f1e"></a><a name="l2828569f77c5438dab1a8e281cee0f1e"></a>Description: Range is contained by</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a2e7c34ee2bdc49a5877e4ff63ffd501f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sbe2e9fd349f44cb5bffce10cd1297910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l878bd4540a33456eb27c11a4b2d5aea4">&lt;@<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a85e1b7da8aba4109be149df148a47431"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l878bd4540a33456eb27c11a4b2d5aea4"></a><a name="l878bd4540a33456eb27c11a4b2d5aea4"></a>Description: Element is contained by</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a9392c061a15446f9abbd886175283f39">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sf67dea9c33814a9bbf483382d616248f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l37588a1978ab4ff5917c9d4a55fbed1a">&amp;&amp;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__abb2c2a9e0b454c52b7684a482718330c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l37588a1978ab4ff5917c9d4a55fbed1a"></a><a name="l37588a1978ab4ff5917c9d4a55fbed1a"></a>Description: Overlap (have points in common)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a284d7c8a98f441b5af67a8da514a47ec">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sfdd16cb54c0b467faca030dc5a03df57"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l9a1b287de0e347e9898f36d58cef81a2">&lt;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a022a25234233462b931cac4b8a71ac1b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l9a1b287de0e347e9898f36d58cef81a2"></a><a name="l9a1b287de0e347e9898f36d58cef81a2"></a>Description: Strictly left of</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a322bf003903d4fe8a8dceb5dc46a46e5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sa22fd8ee28d34110bbfb6ff62422a462"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">110</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__labc7ac51b46142c8a39f861281822efe">&gt;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__afa3051e8e9c44d458ae8d74a000370b1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__labc7ac51b46142c8a39f861281822efe"></a><a name="labc7ac51b46142c8a39f861281822efe"></a>Description: Strictly right of</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a1b1c4c2266294e1b99effe6fef1b722b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s723a52932ded46bdb8eafd1f90887f1e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l500f1f30e68046249eb29736bb9968fb">&amp;&lt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a5ad205c25ed04761855defa8574a8638"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l500f1f30e68046249eb29736bb9968fb"></a><a name="l500f1f30e68046249eb29736bb9968fb"></a>Description: Does not extend to the right of</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a02a826acea614ddda15c919e3b41f11b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s329a0ff87b434a3a85c49e4beaea5309"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l91b253d9383e410f9dc72258089cd972">&amp;&gt;<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a7bf0209193c2479badcc1086060142f4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l91b253d9383e410f9dc72258089cd972"></a><a name="l91b253d9383e410f9dc72258089cd972"></a>Description: Does not extend to the left of</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__aec115996fec64d9dac746c700fab324d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sd01a575db9864965b39d0b6061548b5c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l5f61ea3de9694d8f88ae8a4c6d8822a2">-|-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a5eef39914e084a06aeb81357a02b3249"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l5f61ea3de9694d8f88ae8a4c6d8822a2"></a><a name="l5f61ea3de9694d8f88ae8a4c6d8822a2"></a>Description: Is adjacent to</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a751b31c58b1e4a7588d0a59db4c13c0e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s7d89ae9f4cbc423ca0e3fe14ab3cd2e3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l14b43cd023504f9ba63d42eb9fcbabf4">+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a15454569660f4a5da68e6f84cccd6ba3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l14b43cd023504f9ba63d42eb9fcbabf4"></a><a name="l14b43cd023504f9ba63d42eb9fcbabf4"></a>Description: Union</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__af992201587c142b480b68ceb5268fb96">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s0f75380690884f94bee68c5d47a03caf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lf1981ce11b3345bfbf6fb9a9348de44e">*<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a749f4235fd1247e4b310358d41cdf0f5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lf1981ce11b3345bfbf6fb9a9348de44e"></a><a name="lf1981ce11b3345bfbf6fb9a9348de44e"></a>Description: Intersection</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ae93491d23cc6475b914d4e62cc3ffa8d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__sb263b1c4ee9b4a05befa654f37a3adf2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l8f1351ece38949f0bf652711cbd93486">-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a8b7293d1e2d0414dab74416ec1111177"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l8f1351ece38949f0bf652711cbd93486"></a><a name="l8f1351ece38949f0bf652711cbd93486"></a>Description: Difference</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ae51709010a384e049771a42592d63d6f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__se000d1ca1a214452abb7e1d10af6e0e1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int8range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a3d1256c3e1104db7b44e77d03b55982f">The simple comparison operators <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b8423527069731">&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b8423527069735">&gt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b8423527069742">&lt;=</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b8423527069747">&gt;=</strong> compare the lower bounds first, and only if those are equal, compare the upper bounds.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a8ad8ca11cdd44f149cde8a9da4479351">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270614126">&lt;&lt;</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270614128">&gt;&gt;</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b842352706141211">-|-</strong> operators always return false when an empty range is involved; that is, an empty range is not considered to be either before or after any other range.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a6567dd72d70d46f09d496e08e8683cc6">The union and difference operators will fail if the resulting range would need to contain two disjoint sub-ranges.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s2fa1dff08c5141bba45d33f9a68bc90d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Range Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__u6c51f5a72bf24a7399a217fd40c0cfdf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lf85496bae8364e6aaf5603b497dc52b3">lower(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a6eb32a1c99404e4e8831ef4cd230c0ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lf85496bae8364e6aaf5603b497dc52b3"></a><a name="lf85496bae8364e6aaf5603b497dc52b3"></a>Description: Lower bound of range</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a86c1c98e5c574e2ba38c72b8348e3529">Return type: Range's element type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a36e14c018d6446ca84e09eaafd2dd4ca">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s90da0eca48e840ffa49ae856af585a04"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">lower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb217b99e79064256b06eb68eada04ba5">upper(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a1f87d87999154479912b37685f6fe973"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb217b99e79064256b06eb68eada04ba5"></a><a name="lb217b99e79064256b06eb68eada04ba5"></a>Description: Upper bound of range</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a96de844555cd41d0965885711321f95d">Return type: Range's element type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ae9cf3db01fe14bca90f56796b6435f26">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s82e2360df8874c35b5627110028ac118"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__la0c0e94d68104de08de58ef872b8a55f">isempty(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a1178e50ccd79455bb4902b84705d3647"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__la0c0e94d68104de08de58ef872b8a55f"></a><a name="la0c0e94d68104de08de58ef872b8a55f"></a>Description: Is the range empty?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a06bb95757b3642a18a0c77e98ca37ec6">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__text1318411125220">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a3c77695c3c8941e693cc80e3ac5d37fb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s86546cc669114d85aafc4af5044008d7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isempty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb80775fa217549eba63ca48576d94b5c">lower_inc(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__af0f49c7e9b6b43798f45f7419ba0d9e8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb80775fa217549eba63ca48576d94b5c"></a><a name="lb80775fa217549eba63ca48576d94b5c"></a>Description: Is the lower bound inclusive?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a0a093e1c26524382a71be6b0f644811a">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__text1581152312520">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a02f6a96eec4945e9b23c439c100204ed">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s9a230ce37f1241369e37427c80cd125b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lower_inc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l6e2f8eda66cc411283bc1e544f25bff9">upper_inc(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ae7d3eef15b9b4d00a2f585a277d33b9a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__l6e2f8eda66cc411283bc1e544f25bff9"></a><a name="l6e2f8eda66cc411283bc1e544f25bff9"></a>Description: Is the upper bound inclusive?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a26a695c294dd433a9e7ddc88eb35e309">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__text151741632135211">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__af8733d08fa5f46cfac25b27d27cdefaa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__se3f91638e5c34cfd93320ffb3bf2de5e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">upper_inc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__la330ba93b5ec4162a7763b879ec6d84b">lower_inf(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a6fe005c5e53f4562887fa32565feec9f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__la330ba93b5ec4162a7763b879ec6d84b"></a><a name="la330ba93b5ec4162a7763b879ec6d84b"></a>Description: Is the lower bound infinite?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a17c03e1c96914d9580f718ac93e9a88f">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__text217241165211">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ad6f0ae997fbe4ebead61cc6fe2e840fa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s2015b7f7dc60410aa40e4d56d4472cc4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lower_inf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'(,)'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">daterange</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb6a8ff452c35480b9de288ebd109d2c3">upper_inf(anyrange)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a876b9bf0f8f2497f969a59e5ffbd5c54"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__lb6a8ff452c35480b9de288ebd109d2c3"></a><a name="lb6a8ff452c35480b9de288ebd109d2c3"></a>Description: Is the upper bound infinite?</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a2688a509833c403db05e670b0d2c67b2">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__text8448758155219">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__a34d38a3d4ca2424c94e77e536d961001">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__s2625aedceec44b1fbfaf0b9c67fb19f7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">upper_inf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'(,)'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">daterange</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__ac8d160ce8f194543a17ea54fa6facf5b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b8423527069266">lower</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270692610">upper</strong> functions return null if the range is empty or the requested bound is infinite. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270692636">lower_inc</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270692644">upper_inc</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270692650">lower_inf</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671186__b84235270692658">upper_inf</strong> functions all return false for an empty range.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0046.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0046.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,933 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Aggregate Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ufca51a44213546ef84f2cd9e8ce4a12d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l7cec8d4b232641b3b2dc3585bfd87b1a">sum(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aafaecbe71a3f484c960ee76bfc485c4e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l7cec8d4b232641b3b2dc3585bfd87b1a"></a><a name="l7cec8d4b232641b3b2dc3585bfd87b1a"></a>Description: Sum of expression across all input values</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a956dab725ef94c74aeecaa05779216b8">Return type:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa291309c02fe4031a411bad40e4ad4b1">Generally, same as the argument data type. In the following cases, type conversion occurs:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__u0addeb42fe6643cf9af123563bc4948f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l65d5c2f77fc347af828098f851ba49c3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1150617475114620">BIGINT</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b418430853114620">SMALLINT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1309123415114620">INT</strong> arguments</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ld027903976be4c1b9f18d4af636c576e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b830012681114620">NUMBER</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1197673462114620">BIGINT</strong> arguments</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lf534fb3719164da19d4fc2095c049c2c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b794025565114620">DOUBLE PRECISION</strong> for floating-point arguments</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a360e98e1c5084231a04026684b4f019d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s21bedfac55e44c54867bc44780378a37"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss_ext_tax</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">STORE_SALES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">213267594</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">69</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lb93164d6048e4fc2aa145a0444d16ee8">max(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a2bd8f5771fbd48b7b8345a23672a2932"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lb93164d6048e4fc2aa145a0444d16ee8"></a><a name="lb93164d6048e4fc2aa145a0444d16ee8"></a>Description: Specifies the maximum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1690142584418">expression</strong> across all input values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ae7ed18090d754125bbff97076ca082ea">Argument types: any array, numeric, string, or date/time type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a5d0e3f3db296449d91805e1dc2356490">Return type: same as the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a0ff8a718453d4796a8d5593df973bc60">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s50c614b3c7d3440999e1abe0478a0540"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">max</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__la2ed6cd1034e482183c2b1bf6186ec6b">min(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af49a8ea69ac541cdb5d324fd6a5b0a89"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__la2ed6cd1034e482183c2b1bf6186ec6b"></a><a name="la2ed6cd1034e482183c2b1bf6186ec6b"></a>Description: Specifies the minimum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b766651988114620">expression</strong> across all input values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a999bf08f09074fb6b39397e2f5d0f9cc">Argument types: any array, numeric, string, or date/time type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a0ed5698c239644338dad6aaf759c8126">Return type: same as the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a8d20129c0d084456a3199fabe0309dc9">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sa64351efc3e44eaa8190a81e1c5c71d0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l9f9ae14f25c84542af25a0441d04131c">avg(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a3226ce25d2cb462aac4920adc4c2fb57"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l9f9ae14f25c84542af25a0441d04131c"></a><a name="l9f9ae14f25c84542af25a0441d04131c"></a>Description: Average (arithmetic mean) of all input values</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a1a8991794f344d3aa956d9383dda8e4a">Return type:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a17ce92f91dee4d608a2b95231a2db79a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1543779567114620">NUMBER</strong> for any integer-type argument.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa612204725af4a5eaadec6eb544c04d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b2125193184114620">DOUBLE PRECISION</strong> for floating-point parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ae716670ec656444d9d5270757dfcc808">otherwise the same as the argument data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ada3fcf53ce084eb8bbae4e9b4a925b75">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s2cf1f65ac3c048d3a1b7b2b73fa465c0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">avg</span><span class="w">          </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0387129084044604</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li1038093112420">median(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p947161602518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li1038093112420"></a><a name="li1038093112420"></a>Description: Median of all input values Currently, only the numeric and interval types are supported. Null values are not used for calculation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p1394112317259">Return type: If all input values are integers, a median of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b5649717135010">NUMERIC</strong> type is returned; otherwise, a median of the same type as the input values is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p4649132583215">In the Teradata-compatible mode, if the input values are integers, the returned median is rounded to the nearest integer.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p18801192115278">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen321143215277"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MEDIAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">median</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li1433218815209">percentile_cont(const) within group(order by expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p2712131711229"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li1433218815209"></a><a name="li1433218815209"></a>Description: returns a value corresponding to the specified percentile in the ordering, interpolating between adjacent input items if needed. Null values are not used for calculation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p24206141048">Input: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i17723144664514">const</em> indicates a number ranging from 0 to 1. Currently, only numeric and interval expressions are supported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p967213461590">Return type: If all input values are integers, a median of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b8107227165012">NUMERIC</strong> type is returned; otherwise, a median of the same type as the input values is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p11654141003">In the Teradata-compatible mode, if the input values are integers, the returned median is rounded to the nearest integer.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p182111958853">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1897137192212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">percentile_cont</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">percentile_cont</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">percentile_cont</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">percentile_cont</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li177194509208">percentile_disc(const) within group(order by expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p42251202588"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li177194509208"></a><a name="li177194509208"></a>Description: returns the first input value whose position in the ordering equals or exceeds the specified percentile.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p11001342953">Input: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i1420954216509">const</em> indicates a number ranging from 0 to 1. Currently, only numeric and interval expressions are supported. Null values are not used for calculation.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p133152613020">Return type: If all input values are integers, a median of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b15857514185117">NUMERIC</strong> type is returned; otherwise, a median of the same type as the input values is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p172271844619">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen11791957123111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">percentile_disc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">percentile_disc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">percentile_disc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">percentile_disc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l95fcb80a47f4458a9de0b8de1fc272bd">count(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a810781166eb24cc0be8840360e3e83bd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l95fcb80a47f4458a9de0b8de1fc272bd"></a><a name="l95fcb80a47f4458a9de0b8de1fc272bd"></a>Description: Number of input rows for which the value of expression is not null</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__afe6d56b22a0e42e897548fe87d2fc5e1">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a33801da43ecf495ba79d281b2c7536fa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s5624ed756d59469a97caf9642d67f462"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11158087</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lbcda6f90c3a44ac3b505b0034b75bb9e">count(*)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a269e50dd9362404abbb5b46ec49872e6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lbcda6f90c3a44ac3b505b0034b75bb9e"></a><a name="lbcda6f90c3a44ac3b505b0034b75bb9e"></a>Description: Number of input rows</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa7510695942d4b0587b8d830dfe9c600">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a590ae34c960e4ce4b182721f037b3ed0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s69fef5ea95924adb9897bdf654f95674"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11745000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__la52067b0a9e64a1fabf6a66f3c249fa8">array_agg(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a1231d65bfc17434192d1db4dbbf8f3cf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__la52067b0a9e64a1fabf6a66f3c249fa8"></a><a name="la52067b0a9e64a1fabf6a66f3c249fa8"></a>Description: Input values, including nulls, concatenated into an array</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a46050fb64725470880b9c9e1465077ef">Return type: array of the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ae6760484151f491089a3863d753ccf2e">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p38862566595">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b108461231152512">employeeinfo</strong> table and insert data into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen5475103915414"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">smallint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">smallint</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7155</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'JACK'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SALESMAN'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2018-12-01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7003</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TOM'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'FINANCE'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2016-06-15'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7357</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'MAX'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SALESMAN'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2020-10-01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+-------+----------+---------------------+--------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7155</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JACK</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SALESMAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2018</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7357</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SALESMAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2020</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7003</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOM</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FINANCE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p139126191906">Query the names of all employees in the department whose ID is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b8980194782515">30</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen14587491742"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">JACK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p12872592113">Query all employees in the same department.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen14667671659"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">JACK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">TOM</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p153067581219">Query all department IDs and deduplicate them.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1685749868"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p12333216560">Sort the deduplicated department IDs in descending order.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s4cb32392791b421ba22695bb2896951e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ee0f702cdac4c2a986fb9e935c7d1f4">string_agg(expression, delimiter)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__acc11082a04674ff0bb1de47055ee74ae"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ee0f702cdac4c2a986fb9e935c7d1f4"></a><a name="l3ee0f702cdac4c2a986fb9e935c7d1f4"></a>Description: Input values concatenated into a string, separated by delimiter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af9bd48a9c6e3431ea209fec484e56c9c">Return type: same as the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a15b534e475764ca7bd911e25d329a4f1">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p16107453172511">Query all employees in the same department.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen13186826102812"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JACK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p411773232820">Query employees whose work IDs are smaller than 7156.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sd2aa72f238704e81988557d376b016a5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employeeinfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7156</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string_agg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOM</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">JACK</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li2818154555710">listagg(expression [, delimiter]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY order-list)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p561942311316"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li2818154555710"></a><a name="li2818154555710"></a>Description: Aggregation column data sorted according to the mode specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b10701105352018">WITHIN GROUP</strong>, and concatenated to a string using the specified delimiter</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__u06b3e8d4e4de4b8bb522b259ff1cd7e2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l35db1a7444f14b38b412128b141c31e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b5993154918217">expression</strong>: Mandatory. It specifies an aggregation column name or a column-based, valid expression. It does not support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1155873812225">DISTINCT</strong> keyword and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1527490227">VARIADIC</strong> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l91c2092108574542bcfac6c88e8aa551"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1896410132315">delimiter</strong>: Optional. It specifies a delimiter, which can be a string constant or a deterministic expression based on a group of columns. The default value is empty.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l950b38e64147416996e1d6f4ca77b7cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1389992019325">order-list</strong>: Mandatory. It specifies the sorting mode in a group.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p23824517511">Return type: text</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__note1323975091710"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p20239950131711"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b11429163513211">listagg</strong> is a column-to-row aggregation function, compatible with Oracle Database 11g Release 2. You can specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1271444143413">OVER</strong> clause as a window function. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b164162293811">listagg</strong> is used as a window function, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b9324194883811">OVER</strong> clause does not support the window sorting or framework of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b59120183920">ORDER BY</strong>, so as to avoid ambiguity in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b642783593719">listagg</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b19904483369">ORDER BY</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b0277115111361">WITHIN GROUP</strong> clause.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p1021816219515">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p45411132102716">The aggregation column is of the text character set type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1049464284716"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+--------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLARK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">KING</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MILLER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p102135918290">The aggregation column is of the integer type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1188511507010"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mgrno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mgrno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mgrnos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="n">mgrnos</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+-------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7782</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7566</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7566</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7902</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p118481841142914">The aggregation column is of the floating point type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen271912321515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'($); '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'($)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+-------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLERK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10234</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRESIDENT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23011</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ANALYST</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1001</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MANAGER</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2399</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SALESMAN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">899</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p5424201043013">The aggregation column is of the time type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen2344113915412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">', '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiredates</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                                          </span><span class="n">hiredates</span><span class="w">                                                           </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1982</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2001</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1999</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1987</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1987</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2010</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1997</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1981</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p225582115308">The aggregation column is of the time interval type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1072010262033"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vacationTime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'; '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vacationTime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vacationTime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                    </span><span class="n">vacationtime</span><span class="w">                                    </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mon</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mons</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p33661027183013">By default, the delimiter is empty.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen14248204511344"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">job</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jobs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">jobs</span><span class="w">                     </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+----------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLERKMANAGERPRESIDENT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ANALYSTANALYSTCLERKCLERKMANAGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLERKMANAGERSALESMANSALESMANSALESMANSALESMAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p13959202420596">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b641222213411">listagg</strong> is used as a window function, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b15408122819418">OVER</strong> clause does not support the window sorting of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b195271534114120">ORDER BY</strong>, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1063164094117">listagg</strong> column is an ordered aggregation of the corresponding groups.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen7660115103318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mgrno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'; '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WITHIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hiredate</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deptno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mgrno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">bonus</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+-------+----------+-------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLARK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KING</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MILLER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23011</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLARK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KING</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MILLER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7782</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10234</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CLARK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KING</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MILLER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7566</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7566</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1001</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1100</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7902</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCOTT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ADAMS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMITH</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JONES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7839</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2399</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">7698</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">899</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BLAKE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TURNER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JAMES</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MARTIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WARD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALLEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l04173881d6f94750abb525a04d73afc9">covar_pop(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a6b15b4fecd3041d5a3e7edce9936e4db"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l04173881d6f94750abb525a04d73afc9"></a><a name="l04173881d6f94750abb525a04d73afc9"></a>Description: Overall covariance</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__abcda950c75724dbea3ed7d9cac6b7131">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ac0b7ba11e3d7421ca209e00fb9267785">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s0ef88394c99b4c978aedf51672e9374d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COVAR_POP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">covar_pop</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">829</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">749627587403</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l15a3dc36993f49499ca89e06a488b53f">covar_samp(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a423598b3f596470b947bf383cc06c2ce"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l15a3dc36993f49499ca89e06a488b53f"></a><a name="l15a3dc36993f49499ca89e06a488b53f"></a>Description: Sample covariance</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a45cfe369cc4c4f5e8e633323d4e0e94d">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a794487330bad42b8ae6eddbaa0f0a0f5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s488c79bebba34b819da469c772fb43ca"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COVAR_SAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">covar_samp</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">830</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">052235037289</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lf55d3e93ea80495bb3d586256bcc6d36">stddev_pop(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a04619910a8e347f09dd9a2a24d943e9b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lf55d3e93ea80495bb3d586256bcc6d36"></a><a name="lf55d3e93ea80495bb3d586256bcc6d36"></a>Description: Overall standard difference</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa2c65f850b67403fabc79cd3241bda9b">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706171323">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706171327">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a456d3402010c4c6aaf53f7eed9f9a78e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sf4a3cda7856f4b369745f50a79c8ee5b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STDDEV_POP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">stddev_pop</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">289</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">224294957556</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l5f30f76fc37f45ffa7ade07d15bcd508">stddev_samp(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a3a3fc4eeffb946d38800c921fed738f5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l5f30f76fc37f45ffa7ade07d15bcd508"></a><a name="l5f30f76fc37f45ffa7ade07d15bcd508"></a>Description: Sample standard deviation of the input values</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a9180dbc853bb4b70974792114618cc57">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1550147171">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b316410107">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af30ee97a282e4edcb04835dda2bcdfe1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s47b7db266e2d4e3a8fd2f24c981cb500"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STDDEV_SAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">stddev_samp</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">289</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">224359757315</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lf623c6d4d99341c5be83b3dfbadb67be">var_pop(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ad7df401e8ca04971b72c6b41f44ba0d6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lf623c6d4d99341c5be83b3dfbadb67be"></a><a name="lf623c6d4d99341c5be83b3dfbadb67be"></a>Description: Population variance of the input values (square of the population standard deviation)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a223a120fdd704f34a392246b71b1ed07">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1946586959">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1970901142">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a5d2945334f904515a1779a29cb6dc137">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sfaa39afe593645fe93986631aea44473"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VAR_POP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">var_pop</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">83650</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">692793695475</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__le3c713f2d5104ec6a15007c2681c75dc">var_samp(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a24c8fbdb538648818a15593e6e4ea854"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__le3c713f2d5104ec6a15007c2681c75dc"></a><a name="le3c713f2d5104ec6a15007c2681c75dc"></a>Description: Sample variance of the input values (square of the sample standard deviation)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a33219ff0bade46149c06f8f40e444c04">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b920488649">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1482967425">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ab04d87ed697547028876aa5fd9ee1a21">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s596bf0a8679c4fbfb0f64828c3eb6607"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VAR_SAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">var_samp</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">83650</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">730277028768</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l576f32ffe652495cb26e08d8b34fbd78">bit_and(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a7a5ce7f3cee948d3aecd0eae499bab12"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l576f32ffe652495cb26e08d8b34fbd78"></a><a name="l576f32ffe652495cb26e08d8b34fbd78"></a>Description: The bitwise AND of all non-null input values, or null if none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a2abb9b9457a14f2ba0c18e35ddde399c">Return type: same as the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a9c1c96622aeb4574b3e5aab819396aee">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s77e6196a76864b1cb332667442a7496a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BIT_AND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_and</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l48ead1a1375f49698eb749264aa701c8">bit_or(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ad72667407d61440589d841f79258e6a1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l48ead1a1375f49698eb749264aa701c8"></a><a name="l48ead1a1375f49698eb749264aa701c8"></a>Description: The bitwise OR of all non-null input values, or null if none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aec08710f653d41c5ad483bc28ececf70">Return type: same as the argument type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ad8e83ba6f19344469b7492e8fb8c7e46">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s58cffc79950a46b5bb79869ae15dd61d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BIT_OR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bit_or</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1023</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ce9d49357bc4658a84a8f37da45e677">bool_and(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a694a9e18b39049728124d3f35ed21cb3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ce9d49357bc4658a84a8f37da45e677"></a><a name="l3ce9d49357bc4658a84a8f37da45e677"></a>Description: Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620314">true</strong> if all input values are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620320">true</strong>, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620321">false</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa68465e2f7334c2fbb9e9c810cedc5f7">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a12ef622188f745c482af0ccfa0673130">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sd1baee4e6fa5436dbd98935b89f4e014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_and</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_and</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l335e36ae5074405bb5d85d2776295b00">bool_or(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a0f59d2129e0b48caaa07d6fc8a99ef3f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l335e36ae5074405bb5d85d2776295b00"></a><a name="l335e36ae5074405bb5d85d2776295b00"></a>Description: Its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620324">true</strong> if at least one input value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620326">true</strong>, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270620327">false</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af97287b05c3340d685856f5073f26f8c">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aeb30d582965c44d4897fa1defa2439d7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s203316fe580b412d9120b717a5088771"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_or</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bool_or</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l6987f8fc11f742d7a641000d08d64215">corr(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a853fda0a432d48089cb15c2dca1f3dd9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l6987f8fc11f742d7a641000d08d64215"></a><a name="l6987f8fc11f742d7a641000d08d64215"></a>Description: Correlation coefficient</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a90167881e9614a19996cafa222747890">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa22e3d0ae9594aeba263c9c710df9b9f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sb60cedb54bf5406bb13f9fa14f318186"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CORR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">corr</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0381383624904186</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__le013201f5cfe45909c7084cfe17faa4b">every(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a7dd01af1ef3345ad8e7f8a2b51cc16a4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__le013201f5cfe45909c7084cfe17faa4b"></a><a name="le013201f5cfe45909c7084cfe17faa4b"></a>Description: Equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706101327">bool_and</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a56a569e739e94a0aafe4ef9e957d814d">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a2f36fb1afa8c44a79e4a1bfdfa26d81b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sedbdaf8091a142b7979faeaa19c69ec4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">every</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l5e803a66517d4cf6917a770cee70c2a3">rank(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aee8068c4bb8f4ec5a75848ebfc8af3ac"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l5e803a66517d4cf6917a770cee70c2a3"></a><a name="l5e803a66517d4cf6917a770cee70c2a3"></a>Description: The tuples in different groups are sorted non-consecutively by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706172358">expression</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a130aabcebce64cf99871be06a29e0e95">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a403c38b488c845f3bb532a2000f141ae">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s61464e69a89f4261abc5f53845038b7f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_moy</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_moy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_moy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">d_moy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------+---------------+------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l287be94596564ce68705af76089490fe">regr_avgx(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa9f8a456e4e4444ea78009ad08b3955b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l287be94596564ce68705af76089490fe"></a><a name="l287be94596564ce68705af76089490fe"></a>Description: Average of the independent variable (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270617252">sum(X)/N</strong>)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a9226c556b5f547d18f44033c9c2afb5a">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a0d06cee1469f42c4a066d4ab7d96165f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s0115b09582a544aab17d9c980e371767"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_AVGX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">regr_avgx</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">578</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">606576740795</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ld96a92b448d04f6e9497c08f7b5345c3">regr_avgy(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a831bbbed96674118982df913a155de01"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ld96a92b448d04f6e9497c08f7b5345c3"></a><a name="ld96a92b448d04f6e9497c08f7b5345c3"></a>Description: Average of the dependent variable (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270617262">sum(Y)/N</strong>)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ab3be658ed07849d88566c8b8c509a3f4">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aa712ecf8128d45078bb911d5bed57b65">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s5b2d19f5d8084a16a39e924f7d7c7255"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_AVGY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">regr_avgy</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0136711629602</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lad346f2a9a7a4aa3b8ec8b39daeec827">regr_count(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a4a943bcae4d14170b6c0c83c511e854e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lad346f2a9a7a4aa3b8ec8b39daeec827"></a><a name="lad346f2a9a7a4aa3b8ec8b39daeec827"></a>Description: Number of input rows in which both expressions are non-null</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a2e31e7cde4bd4d7eb65a5b27f36ebb03">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ae43241dd3a2542fbba06a640e311a5dc">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s9742809b9b1f42b2bef0f2ff3130b67e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regr_count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2743</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l6d23593cc7634e3fb634fc9184f65150">regr_intercept(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af24a6f1163df4136890add1ba42a17d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l6d23593cc7634e3fb634fc9184f65150"></a><a name="l6d23593cc7634e3fb634fc9184f65150"></a>Description: y-intercept of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined by the (X, Y) pairs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a984c8bd0127d42a4bd25b2459e7fd715">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ac6939d3350ea4f48b00ab986e75ac0c6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sad5ead73f56c46c4a2fa1d8d907da726"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_INTERCEPT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">regr_intercept</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2040847848607</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lfc2573194c9244f09a5338d8c18e026f">regr_r2(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a8c76feb4b38b4cafa7dbfaa3f46b4056"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lfc2573194c9244f09a5338d8c18e026f"></a><a name="lfc2573194c9244f09a5338d8c18e026f"></a>Description: Square of the correlation coefficient</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a8a69336abbd84df694d640641065c166">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a7cc2346fc3ee47f6837f3c46303f34ff">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__se10d21ed6bba44c5a794c32457843df1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_R2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">regr_r2</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00145453469345058</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ca7de6c785e4db8b1de299c5699a796">regr_slope(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a0580df52322f4aa0bae0d1e52289c08b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l3ca7de6c785e4db8b1de299c5699a796"></a><a name="l3ca7de6c785e4db8b1de299c5699a796"></a>Description: Slope of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined by the (X, Y) pairs</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a169bd6f68af44711b1b4860e42a8f3b3">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a86a55a17753a41cab236f14b36c62c0b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__sede4f99b88f64558ab65c4b14c44ec60"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_SLOPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">regr_slope</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00139920009665259</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l17bf5bd2908d43198827e2543e958bd4">regr_sxx(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__aeee5aa219cc2474092d1e09c37228959"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l17bf5bd2908d43198827e2543e958bd4"></a><a name="l17bf5bd2908d43198827e2543e958bd4"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706182734">sum(X^2) - sum(X)^2/N </strong>(sum of squares of the independent variables)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a3b7a31f2c1e54214a6bba47eec4cf581">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a2759d18983dc4294bbb7eb0e941008ae">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s94c0c341e0d54011a87624aa49af1b0b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_SXX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">regr_sxx</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1626645991</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">46135</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lfd3d38e292ce44c6bdab7052ae263e3c">regr_sxy(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a3824a4824f434f74b97a98f0ffcf2f5e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__lfd3d38e292ce44c6bdab7052ae263e3c"></a><a name="lfd3d38e292ce44c6bdab7052ae263e3c"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706182842">sum(X*Y) - sum(X) * sum(Y)/N</strong> ("sum of products" of independent times dependent variable)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ae83d8ff718a3401b916fa764c256445f">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ac813727db4714405a36335586f079f27">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s4106e81786ed432fb25ac5704dda52ed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_SXY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">regr_sxy</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2276003</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">22847225</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__led6d2615469d4124aeaa6122dda83435">regr_syy(Y, X)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a1437fa59a0b04f5d9382a5b872f44367"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__led6d2615469d4124aeaa6122dda83435"></a><a name="led6d2615469d4124aeaa6122dda83435"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706182912">sum(Y^2) - sum(Y)^2/N</strong> ("sum of squares" of the dependent variable)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__af623ca9d9eee48d7947ebd09cccb6377">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ab6f68e9e5db44030b4a14af724c5b6c4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s723b8bfb82ce49cc8bc8d0316cc26975"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REGR_SYY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sr_fee</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_net_loss</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">regr_syy</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2189417</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">6547314</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l37bad6f1d61d4563b87f60399f72416e">stddev(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a92989806e5a04cfda3c50612d679dd87"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l37bad6f1d61d4563b87f60399f72416e"></a><a name="l37bad6f1d61d4563b87f60399f72416e"></a>Description: Alias of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270610143">stddev_samp</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a4be736d263da43b8a886b1a701ebafd4">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b99147352">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b1529884869">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a162e28bebe6f4c70b2486e4514558147">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s9023098bfaed408286c13296e894ee76"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STDDEV</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">stddev</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">289</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">224359757315</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li4144135241012">variance(expexpression,ression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p2014695217101"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li4144135241012"></a><a name="li4144135241012"></a>Description: Alias of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b842352706101415">var_samp</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p714819526102">Return type: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b751668446">double precision</strong> for floating-point arguments, otherwise <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b628341914">numeric</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p1314935291013">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1115835214104"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARIANCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inv_warehouse_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">variance</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">83650</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">730277028768</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l56b76842fc9f46098883d2cb9b3f43e0">checksum(expression)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p466191452117"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__l56b76842fc9f46098883d2cb9b3f43e0"></a><a name="l56b76842fc9f46098883d2cb9b3f43e0"></a>Description: Returns the CHECKSUM value of all input values. This function can be used to check whether the data in the tables before and after <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__text1157613374">GaussDB(DWS)</span> data restoration or migration is the same. Other databases cannot be checked by using this function. Before and after database backup, database restoration, or data migration, you need to manually run SQL commands to obtain the execution results. Compare the obtained execution results to check whether the data in the tables before and after the backup or migration is the same.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__note63118476290"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ul0975131183110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li1375443803915">For large tables, the CHECKSUM function may take a long time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li6488192663911">If the CHECKSUM values of two tables are different, it indicates that the contents of the two tables are different. Using the hash function in the CHECKSUM function may incur conflicts. There is low possibility that two tables with different contents may have the same CHECKSUM value. The same problem may occur when CHECKSUM is used for columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li124493364322">If the time type is timestamp, timestamptz, or smalldatetime, ensure that the time zone settings are the same when calculating the CHECKSUM value.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ul2547143872610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li6547838182619">If the CHECKSUM value of a column is calculated and the column type can be changed to TEXT by default, set <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i84235269719124">expression</em> to the column name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li18202645142617">If the CHECKSUM value of a column is calculated and the column type cannot be changed to TEXT by default, set <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i154976923319139">expression</em> to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i84235269719210">Column name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b84235270619216">::TEXT</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__li17359145018265">If the CHECKSUM value of all columns is calculated, set <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i88229310819239">expression</em> to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i83230493119239">Table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b191114723119239">::TEXT</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a594661e6d9014110a47f0b6f59768436">The following types of data can be converted into TEXT types by default: char, name, int8, int2, int1, int4, raw, pg_node_tree, float4, float8, bpchar, varchar, nvarchar2, date, timestamp, timestamptz, numeric, and smalldatetime. Other types need to be forcibly converted to TEXT.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__a1dc742896f30453a8262767dd626df5f">Return type: numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__ad12938b2c0a34b4b8ec40dae8a53373b">For example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p10150124421313">The following shows the CHECKSUM value of a column that can be converted to the TEXT type by default:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen1152164417132"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CHECKSUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">checksum</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24417258945265247</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p20347140171318">The following shows the CHECKSUM value of a column that cannot be converted to the TEXT type by default: The CHECKSUM parameter is set to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i18632865419848">Column name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b79053721419848">::TEXT</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__screen935054016133"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CHECKSUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inv_quantity_on_hand</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">checksum</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">24417258945265247</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__p163313403123">The following shows the CHECKSUM value of all columns in a table. Note that the CHECKSUM parameter is set to <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__i4332565291993">Table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__b7829950701993">::TEXT</strong>. The table name is not modified by its schema.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510763__s20289bd08fe64a4b835350790fc14966"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CHECKSUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                    </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">checksum</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25223696246875800</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Window Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p183911130250">Regular aggregate functions return a single value calculated from values in a row, or group all rows into a single output row. Window functions perform a calculation across a set of rows and return a value for each row.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ul162318212341"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li14708636173419">A window function call represents the application of an aggregate-like function over some portion of the rows selected by a query. Therefore, aggregate functions (<a href="dws_06_0046.html">Aggregate Functions</a>) can also be used as window functions. In addition, window functions are able to scan all the rows and divide the query rows into a partition by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b195104217326">PARTITION BY</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li561304918313">Column-store tables support only the window functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b574162512202">rank (expression)</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1458631192013">row_number (expression)</strong> and the aggregate functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b374362581517">sum</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b15657304158">count</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b441017325155">avg</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b4266143581516">min</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b174123817151">max</strong>. Row-store tables do not have such restrictions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li97081436113412">Invoking a window function requires special syntax using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b17358145143315">OVER</strong> clause to specify a window. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1714121216334">OVER</strong> clause is used for grouping data and sorting the elements in a group. Window functions are used for generating sequence numbers for the values in the group.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li827614511036"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706153643">order by</strong> in a window function must be followed by a column name. If it is followed by a number, the number is processed as a constant value and the target column is not ranked.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__section20427155155215"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax of a Window Function</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen197441416641"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_namefunction_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p774410160418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1062694973112">window_definition</strong> is defined as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen67441616648"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">existing_window_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">frame_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p137445168414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b95489411710">frame_clause</strong> is defined as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen8744016741"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">frame_start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">frame_start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">frame_end</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p1223318232547">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1838212231332">RANGE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b13456113712338">ROWS</strong> to specify the window frame. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b8108531131617">ROWS</strong> specifies the window in physical units (rows). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b18001446163315">RANGE</strong> specifies the window as a logical offset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p11672141313412">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b26907464348">RANGE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b149141149143410">ROWS</strong>, you can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b319517103519">BETWEEN</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i1467413443516">frame_start</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b127558163514">AND</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i10146141193518">frame_end</em> to specify the window's first and last rows. If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i176601453163519">frame_end</em> is left blank, it defaults to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b133686232362">CURRENT ROW</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p1463514155418">The value options of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b17457173017377">BETWEEN frame_start AND frame_end</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ul12235137135416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li82352735416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1145513715375">CURRENT ROW</strong>: The current row is used as the window frame's start or end point.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li723518716549"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i175722003392">N</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b15313420391">PRECEDING</strong>: The window frame starts from the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i58831913134213">n</em>th row to the current row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li3975211184611"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b136975010438">UNBOUNDED PRECEDING</strong>: The window frame starts at the first row of the partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li3235177145410"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i20711428114619">N</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b87415281464">FOLLOWING</strong>: The window frame starts from the current row to the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i157492874616">n</em>th row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__li18235173544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b121643412598">UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING</strong>: The window frame ends with the last row of the partition.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__p19599219114"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i1574410591903">frame_start</em> cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b181951235009">UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING</strong>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i123772214111">frame_end</em> cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b350918261019">UNBOUNDED PRECEDING</strong>, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i188188301610">frame_end</em> cannot be earlier than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i569804310110">frame_start</em>. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b1887632410212">RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i785120222216">value</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b28763247212"> PRECEDING</strong> is not allowed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__section19918112165214"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Window Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__uee27d446cbe94dbf9c906ee091671421"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l4e4bb402053a4f76844d4af9d25d95aa">RANK()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a91067a3b3e6d438d9f5b9b41d6272ca7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l4e4bb402053a4f76844d4af9d25d95aa"></a><a name="l4e4bb402053a4f76844d4af9d25d95aa"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706135820">RANK</strong> function is used for generating non-consecutive sequence numbers for the values in each group. The same values have the same sequence number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a0b0611b0817141138c66e1159e24f106">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a3b7099a9ab0d45dea5d3a889faf86d20">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen1423352882819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lb542fbf4129c41d199166f86517ae7a5">ROW_NUMBER()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ae95552ff54334ca09415c4c996ecf3d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lb542fbf4129c41d199166f86517ae7a5"></a><a name="lb542fbf4129c41d199166f86517ae7a5"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706135830">ROW_NUMBER</strong> function is used for generating consecutive sequence numbers for the values in each group. The same values have different sequence numbers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a230c100d82bf4540ad930e8ef6251952">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aec6e4b9670b94766a2e25e55457e02b6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen10591410163212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Row_number</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row_number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l697dfef555ce4352b0ee6f9039dc8fe6">DENSE_RANK()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a5957b99b49154c4ea7030b132a3fa4d4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l697dfef555ce4352b0ee6f9039dc8fe6"></a><a name="l697dfef555ce4352b0ee6f9039dc8fe6"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614042">DENSE_RANK</strong> function is used for generating consecutive sequence numbers for the values in each group. The same values have the same sequence number.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a4a16d49e385047e5b4597d77e456a469">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a8d44a115881740868a1d42f1a93eae37">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen1436134933314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dense_rank</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dense_rank</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lb4b23c2533664e14aa5cd6da07c4e1f8">PERCENT_RANK()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__abb6168a24d764e68a3bb1fee09f14518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lb4b23c2533664e14aa5cd6da07c4e1f8"></a><a name="lb4b23c2533664e14aa5cd6da07c4e1f8"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614218">PERCENT_RANK</strong> function is used for generating corresponding sequence numbers for the values in each group. That is, the function calculates the value according to the formula Sequence number = (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614258">Rank</strong> – 1)/(<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614420">Total rows</strong> – 1). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706165459">Rank</strong> is the corresponding sequence number generated based on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614356">RANK</strong> function for the value and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706165615">Total rows</strong> is the total number of elements in a group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a1572eced199d4eb2824966a72e259c5e">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aa890ac68d66642809b069f6705dc391a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen16672161523516"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">percent_rank</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">percent_rank</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">666666666666667</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">666666666666667</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__leba8e4fa8c6644898a84c79a67ffd25f">CUME_DIST()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ae16f44715c804f2fb3a90f0b2c047d98"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__leba8e4fa8c6644898a84c79a67ffd25f"></a><a name="leba8e4fa8c6644898a84c79a67ffd25f"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270614522">CUME_DIST</strong> function is used for generating accumulative distribution sequence numbers for the values in each group. That is, the function calculates the value according to the following formula: Sequence number = Number of rows preceding or peer with current row/Total rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aaca4c632c2ff4dcc9bd143a1cf9a3a5b">Return type: double precision</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__afbe1a2dd37f14e7ebc2e39f05c9efe48">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen1431154436"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cume_dist</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cume_dist</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l127bdfd391604604bce0c54cf92364c7">NTILE(num_buckets integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ae1071e726aaf433983144c4a2ddfcf2d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l127bdfd391604604bce0c54cf92364c7"></a><a name="l127bdfd391604604bce0c54cf92364c7"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706162211">NTILE</strong> function is used for equally allocating sequential data sets to the buckets whose quantity is specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706162335">num_buckets</strong> according to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706162540">num_buckets integer</strong> and allocating the bucket number to each row. Divide the partition as equally as possible.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a40da4e042f5c49959dfbf122a9bbfed0">Return type: integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a31d139a4fdf24754837b3b0a2c77e0f1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen33723531435"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ntile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ntile</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lc9bdff5ee163424cb55445dd85a5fc1e">LAG(value any [, offset integer [, default any ]])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a384894e02a08424cb4c328fba0b48901"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__lc9bdff5ee163424cb55445dd85a5fc1e"></a><a name="lc9bdff5ee163424cb55445dd85a5fc1e"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706162813">LAG</strong> function is used for generating lag values for the corresponding values in each group. That is, the value of the row obtained by moving forward the row corresponding to the current value by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706162951">offset</strong> (integer) is the sequence number. If the row does not exist after the moving, the result value is the default value. If omitted, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b953710042114528">offset</strong> defaults to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b384507136114528">1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b909367716114528">default</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b411980818114528">null</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__acff3ee1ba53c4526ae99c74d6c0c0c96">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ab1a2f09ad920403a8ac433f8fc100564">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen1678213544410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lag</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+-----</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l987ba41e38214078a53c1d01aeabd885">LEAD(value any [, offset integer [, default any ]])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a916a02ed6cb54395bf9662824c5560ab"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l987ba41e38214078a53c1d01aeabd885"></a><a name="l987ba41e38214078a53c1d01aeabd885"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270616322">LEAD</strong> function is used for generating leading values for the corresponding values in each group. That is, the value of the row obtained by moving backward the row corresponding to the current value by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706163530">offset</strong> (integer) is the sequence number. If the number of rows after the moving exceeds the total number for the current group, the result value is the default value. If omitted, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706163652">offset</strong> defaults to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b842352706163658">1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270616374">default</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270616378">null</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aa72d630d4c7a4b3599b3427dff322c82">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__affaf550ed6ec4f1798781a00f3aebc01">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen176832917453"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lead</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lead</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l746b5380146241b3bad6e0a889b2350e">FIRST_VALUE(value any)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a004b839354a647b0b3e9e79c98e5d8c8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l746b5380146241b3bad6e0a889b2350e"></a><a name="l746b5380146241b3bad6e0a889b2350e"></a>Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b196961930717">FIRST_VALUE</strong> function is used for returning the first value of each group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a91699a36d7ad41988e3028f80051c2da">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a233d08cea87a467c87e41ccc0f775cd1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen1998418497452"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_value</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+-------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l6081045ddd9747b6947129d3ebece0f2">LAST_VALUE(value any)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aa1b04504cf054ae1828934a46289cbc6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l6081045ddd9747b6947129d3ebece0f2"></a><a name="l6081045ddd9747b6947129d3ebece0f2"></a>Description: Returns the last value of each group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__aec58b0935b1a4210898aa5257342e7c9">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__a0762d838704f4564bde0690ab16fe802">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen19365172904615"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l61fcf38188424c488063a462e4761073">NTH_VALUE(value any, nth integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__abbcda6999c7245068fde840076793308"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__l61fcf38188424c488063a462e4761073"></a><a name="l61fcf38188424c488063a462e4761073"></a>Description: The <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__i77509711514">n</em>th row for a group is the returned value. If the row does not exist, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__b84235270617511">NULL</strong> is returned by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ad4273c4dd6ae4f59a269a315a66db2f0">Return type: same as the parameter type</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__ab216bdbae7a7442ca8198e30988addbb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671084__screen95911758402"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nth_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_mon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nth_value</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0048.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0048.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Security Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__u982fb12cc5fb46e0afc3da999b47b379"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l7f61fdfda1804193aa28f21e45a1569d">gs_password_deadline()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a24434aef58c44de3a78a000dc025381f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l7f61fdfda1804193aa28f21e45a1569d"></a><a name="l7f61fdfda1804193aa28f21e45a1569d"></a>Description: Indicates the number of remaining days before the password of the current user expires. After the password expires, the system prompts the user to change the password. This parameter is related to the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b12622133114512">password_effect_time</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a81f494994ff64adfafa0ce655548ab7f">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ad02d101f070c42589dad8b569342079b">Examples:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__se80913d6f1c1488c80184f1a71170437"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_password_deadline</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">gs_password_deadline</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">83</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">196094</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li78231258162910">gs_password_expiration()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p188231958172919"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li78231258162910"></a><a name="li78231258162910"></a>Description: Indicates the number of remaining days before the password of the current user expires. After the password expires, the user cannot log in to the database. This parameter is related to the DDL statement <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b1913711415465">PASSWORD EXPIRATION period</strong> used for creating a user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16823115862911">Return type: interval</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p18823205842917">Examples:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__screen9823195816296"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_password_expiration</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">gs_password_expiration</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">days</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">59</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">731482</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__lae830b00d1a144a488284a01666f00cf">login_audit_messages(flag boolean)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a1c2f82361b184a848db702174b2408df"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__lae830b00d1a144a488284a01666f00cf"></a><a name="lae830b00d1a144a488284a01666f00cf"></a>Description: Queries login information about a login user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a2451aa71198d4acbb2943e84deb15d48">Return type: tuple</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a57684626ad7e4b1690c3c0b40b645872">Examples:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__u025e17a32ca74e7fa4c7c2fd28c38f5c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l20af1ef97977499d957195280160f0f3">Checks the date, time, and IP address successfully authenticated during the last login.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__sf2218b7910aa4883abd7f86013c859ff"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+---------------+--------+--------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_success</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">local</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l132e0e348f844499ba4169cb1432d389">Checks the date, time, and IP address that failed to be authenticated during the last login.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__s18c8d3e30ac8417da8d957b26787d048"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+-------------------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l4f2e18146c4043119160064939416a00">Checks the number of failed attempts, date, and time since the previous successful authentication.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__s31dab6c9875b49f4bb68fc9f1e466352"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+-------------------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l645b80d325534ba396e7e0d39eb4b96f">login_audit_messages_pid(flag boolean)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a761cd63559fe499a9b868da6f3c1a41c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l645b80d325534ba396e7e0d39eb4b96f"></a><a name="l645b80d325534ba396e7e0d39eb4b96f"></a>Description: Queries login information about a login user. Different from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b842352706171639">login_audit_messages</strong>, this function queries login information based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b842352706171732">backendid</strong>. Information about subsequent logins of the same user does not alter the query result of previous logins and cannot be found using this function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a00086928787946bdae8ce13a5176bd00">Return type: tuple</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__en-us_topic_0059778224_p172793715361">Examples:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ued911558ea6845f1ae9d6f584c8f1450"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__l968fbac09fce49f3b8b7d9ed8e520cda">Checks the date, time, and IP address successfully authenticated during the last login.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__s1b48f4cc504c48c9887fd72cc635c0f6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages_pid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backendid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+---------------+--------+--------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_success</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">local</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140311900702464</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__le62bfc18878d49a09fbe01e7d5f0b16c">Checks the date, time, and IP address that failed to be authenticated during the last login.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__s6884772339fd4d659cd4aff4e8ef381c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages_pid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backendid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+-------------------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__lb1bf37b076d74270aff0168b8e71acb8">Checks the number of failed attempts, date, and time since the previous successful authentication.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__s8a15f7578afb4b82bf3c540fadce50df"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">login_audit_messages_pid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">logintime</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">client_conninfo</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backendid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------+------------------------+--------------+--------+-------------------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li1672317341962">pg_query_audit()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1022860102617"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li1672317341962"></a><a name="li1672317341962"></a>Description: Displays audit logs of the CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15333419133511">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1656193220129">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row6658145175017"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p06590456503">begintime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1865944511504">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16659645165010">Operation start time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a8f18d3f0e5cd44d096020df47ca28e00">endtime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__aecd744296d7d4b0397b2fe1fd923b6bf">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a8579d68414bb40968ecb2f54fd50bfa3">Operation end time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row0196820205115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1196142015111">operation_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p01962206513">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1819612203515">Operation type. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1623981973420">Table 1</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ad7f3b45edf4748ef8bf45be74968b4ac">audit_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a0b778f8c6817439484fd5f0cb1d91e8b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__abd4a7662d8784ec1890fd6e25a2ce17d">Audit type. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1360153681814">Table 2</a>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a09bb26374b104b3fb29bbe2a80ef226a">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__abe1aa36777e444c48c10c68dea6d28bd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a08d938eccee84d42b9018a66f6b6784c">Operation result</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ra3bccb8528cd408aa54f8e30557c0359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ac1f1c391b720448fb6cff2861dc151b6">username</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p84741447191914">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a83dfda58a9ac418fab57f167cd4a8244">Name of the user who performs the operation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__rd7538143f1a648d2ae003ee563237226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__adad82d644319412cb3a8d9cb60daa836">database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a0a0c18f59f1a47bdb17413bbe1716f3a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a2fe293248c694ffd9fe3f04bdf3a3f6d">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ra831355d65f64e7b92f51f84021f4947"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a71cd5950d6ef4ea888015a515726ccf1">client_conninfo</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a9193af9c57084a81b157fec2c2935f90">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a8900dd32319f4d53937621db1727f5cf">Client connection information, that is, gsql, JDBC, or ODBC.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__rdb4c5c3a41fb4325a8c11787c3af82b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ab44539456dc4418bbfdc32a89a1f2851">object_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a17a7c300ce604cd380d8340e5bfa63c3">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__aad54cacd015d4619bf9acb9cb4736cd3">Object name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row7378175485317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p037925413532">command_text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p837925410538">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p10379135418536">Command used to perform the operation. In versions earlier than 8.1.1, the audit content of this column is contained in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b14522912134714">detail_info</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__r47bd7dff24334c239af7266eeeb52c2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a97cfc7c8c5c8412aa7b03489d5df0b8a">detail_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__ac0400ce695b945b89702ff50805ac554">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__a04d603fa66434a178026e29847b76f40">Operation details</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row030117448553"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p20301134445512">transaction_xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p193013441553">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p930294465519">Transaction ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row883312396550"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p783314399558">query_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p88336395556">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1283333935516">Query ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row5504610171814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p105051710131812">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p20505010181817">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p25051510141815">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row15968121961816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p149683193188">thread_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p14968519121811">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19681196183">Thread ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row17581057101415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p185821957171412">local_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p185831157161413">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1558315714148">Local port</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row11677166201512"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1767716611159">remote_port</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p667876121518">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1367813615159">Remote port</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1623981973420"></a><a name="table1623981973420"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1623981973420" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Operation types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row42401119193418"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p11304184415353">Operation Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p4304104410358">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1724001913410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p11240201933417">none</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p17649817121811">Indicates that no audit item is configured. If any audit item is configured, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b168276441332037">none</strong> becomes invalid.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row8240191910343"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p12408197348">all</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p13649817111814">Indicates that all operations are audited. This value overwrites the concurrent configuration of any other audit items. Note that even if this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b188078094532037">all</strong>, not all DDL operations are audited. You need to control the object level of DDL operations by referring to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b38192746632037">audit_system_object</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row924101943411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p264917170182">login</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p10641115124818">Indicates that user login operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row0241819103410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19649117141816">logout</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p198231922114819">Indicates that user logout operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row5241619203412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1964912170185">database_process</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p186681230174815">Indicates that database startup, stop, switchover, and recovery operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row824181916340"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p14649181713188">user_lock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p193031737114817">Indicates that user locking and unlocking operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row724219194344"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p324261973417">grant_revoke</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p152421419103418">Indicates that user permission granting and revoking operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row6804918193719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p10805111883717">ddl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1464981741814">Indicates that DDL operations are audited. DDL operations are controlled at a fine granularity based on operation objects. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b86497917232037">audit_system_object</strong> is used to control the objects whose DDL operations are to be audited. (The audit function takes effect as long as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b95444867732037">audit_system_object</strong> is configured, no matter whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b126252475932037">ddl</strong> is set.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row14805318153717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p464914177184">select</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1180581817377">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b76287601132037">SELECT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row19805171811376"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19649121715180">copy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p09912505019">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b72143216261">COPY</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row19806101843711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1664911720189">user function</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1154165425018">Indicates that operations related to user-defined functions, stored procedures, and anonymous blocks are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1780671893710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p20649917141815">set</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p38535211513">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b151249249532037">SET</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row12806171863719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1464931715186">transaction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1833171115113">Indicates that transaction operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1080641817379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16649191751810">vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1439161955111">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b35260288132037">VACUUM </strong>operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row145031231372"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p13649217141812">analyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p128122716516">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b164255514232037">ANALYZE</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row175036237376"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p14558148114011">explain</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p178473350514">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b129473747232037">EXPLAIN</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row195031723183714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19504202313713">specialfunc</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p86496178183">Indicates that special function invoking operations are audited. Special functions include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b155619510632037">pg_terminate_backend</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b185630910932037">pg_cancel_backend</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row35041823173714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p2649151712183">insert</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p873784711527">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b107587845132037">INSERT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1150482303710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p7649171712186">update</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p168991151105216">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b9777255432037">UPDATE</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row4504102312373"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p106494178182">delete</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p453275517522">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b64788050932037">DELETE</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row55044236379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p196491217101816">merge</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15398185935219">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b212850549932037">MERGE</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row17505102311378"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p46491917131818">show</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1884514445318">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b15715841932037">SHOW</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row4505923153718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15650191714185">checkpoint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1274619165316">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b84966450632037">CHECKPOINT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row5505182319379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p3650141712185">barrier</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p4291171617533">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b36492321232037">BARRIER</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row14505152318373"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15650417181811">cluster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1750716219531">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b150511073932037">CLUSTER</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1742514119428"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p8209434164118">comment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p129515277539">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b108211003532037">COMMENT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row11647151584215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p14648161554214">clean connection</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p6889850145614">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b1235617832037">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row18759101974220"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p197591119194214">prepare statement</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p141881507575">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b158205777432037">PREPARE,</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b84607304232037">EXECUTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b202278790232037">DEALLOCATE </strong>operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row97122231421"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p18712202311426">set constraints</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p191881105574">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b85045577732037">CONSTRAINTS</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row2713202314421"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p17138238422">cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p715411328483">Indicates that cursor operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1360153681814"></a><a name="table1360153681814"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__table1360153681814" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Audit types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row760113661818"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p86013631812">Audit type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" id="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p7609366188">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row46133614189"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p8619368184">audit_switch</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p206153614187">Enables and disables audit logs.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row146103611814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p116143615184">login_logout</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p156123620181">Indicates that successful user logins and user log-outs are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row76123619182"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15611367187">system</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p961163641818">Indicates that system start and stop operations and instance switch operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row361173614182"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p9621362188">sql_parse</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p106243611818">Parses SQL statements.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1262143621812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16621636121813">user_lock</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p146218367181">Indicates that successful locking and unlocking operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row662123671817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p136263661813">grant_revoke</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li19689410112617p0">Indicates that failed granting and reclaiming of a user's permission are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row86211364186"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1962113611188">violation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li933817239206p0">Indicates that user's access violation operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row230220453218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p730374572117">ddl</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p156507179184">Indicates that successful DDL operations are audited. DDL operations are controlled at a fine granularity based on operation objects. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b101370213432037">audit_system_object</strong> is used to control the objects whose DDL operations are to be audited. (The audit function takes effect as long as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b125057804132037">audit_system_object</strong> is configured, no matter whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b158340247532037">ddl</strong> is set.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row3466453102119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19466165372119">dml</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1466453192116">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b68625358732037">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b180844819232037">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b14569178732037">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b57819198432037">MERGE </strong>operations on a specific table are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row134981858122110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1865021711811">internal_event</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1549811589213">Indicates that internal events are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row10812123172217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p3650417161811">user_func</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li78008502277p0">Indicates that operations related to user-defined functions, stored procedures, and anonymous blocks are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row128121038229"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19650817141810">special_func</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p78131362210">Indicates that successful calls to special functions are audited. Special functions include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b178461139332037">pg_terminate_backend</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b34269335132037">pg_cancel_backend</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row145158852211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1965071721817">copy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1419551712302">Indicates that the COPY operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row57341479242"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1065041751818">set</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p4257122117302">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b178014699032037">SET</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1735347132412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1065019170185">transaction</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p8613256303">Indicates that transaction operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row16735104782416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1565016171181">vacuum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p2338202973010">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b74720811232037">VACUUM </strong>operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row3669155319248"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1165091714180">analyze</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p13723173318306">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b177800251932037">ANALYZE</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row167018536249"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15650131710180">cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p114904387301">Indicates that cursor operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row367045314243"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p8650517131813">anonymous_block</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p2049131183117">Anonymous block. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b27989688232037">anonymous block completed</strong> is displayed, the SQL statement is successfully executed.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row46711753122412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p166501917201819">explain</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p23923252314">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b200082779432037">EXPLAIN</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row11671153142419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19650171716180">show</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p0177290316">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b41219566932037">SHOW</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1551616810227"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p265081791816">lock_table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p11427203212313">Indicates that table lock operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row951678202215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16650317171812">comment</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p10401173633118">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b125892689432037">COMMENT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row8516118172216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p19650171731817">prepare</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1068813403315">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b196237860532037">PREPARE,</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b188804274832037">EXECUTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b148738875032037">DEALLOCATE </strong>operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row447983002320"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p2650171711186">cluster</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p8603114723119">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b45803827432037">CLUSTER</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row04809301238"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p26501617151819">constraints</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p10511752123120">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b182934876432037">CONSTRAINTS</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row14481430122310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1651191713186">checkpoint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15234135615319">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b3027141632037">CHECKPOINT</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1481183011235"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p15651151710185">barrier</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p12853120123215">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b213895444532037">BARRIER</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row54821830112319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p655181172614">cleanconn</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p195270718325">Indicates that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__b20725753232037">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row1055714814268"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p765114175181">seclabel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1932913157815">Indicates that security label operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row12557164822619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p76511717131814">notify</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p55571348182611">Indicates that the notification operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__row255794872616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p9651317181810">load</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="70%" headers="mcps1.3.1.5.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p655884842615">Indicates that the loading operations are audited.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li19404342152417">pgxc_query_audit()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1110161513183"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li19404342152417"></a><a name="li19404342152417"></a>Description: Displays audit logs of all CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p16109155187">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p1657812641911">The return fields of this function are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__en-us_topic_0085032360_b96722234018">pg_query_audit</strong> function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__li2318101014117">pg_delete_audit()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__lines17412111211418">Description: Deletes audit logs in a specified period.<br>
+Return type: void</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__note14245112173817"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910711__p104639126238">For database security concerns, this function is unavailable. If you call it, the following message is displayed: "ERROR: For security purposes, it is not allowed to manually delete audit logs."</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0049.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0049.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Set Returning Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__s46121aaed94c4fde864ba070d014e4d8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Series Generating Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__uaa69a700335443f7a581d7e821d13cea"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l2f23ab2afc5248e480e8c768fddc7523">generate_series(start, stop)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a83a9fa6a170d45d5b728b294053339f4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l2f23ab2afc5248e480e8c768fddc7523"></a><a name="l2f23ab2afc5248e480e8c768fddc7523"></a>Description: Generates a series of values, from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142834">start</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142835">stop</strong> with a step size of one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__ab1141d48fdc34de5b9c00929869b57f8">Parameter type: int, bigint, or numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__ab7778a10ae3f4a6baf2334eda86691d2">Return type: setof int, setof bigint, or setof numeric (same as the argument type)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l6abf9bfc78b6407abfeb1fd3254f6050">generate_series(start, stop, step)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a2a42be1cd2c64d809e98b8b31f44c5fb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l6abf9bfc78b6407abfeb1fd3254f6050"></a><a name="l6abf9bfc78b6407abfeb1fd3254f6050"></a>Description: Generates a series of values, from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142937">start</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142938">stop</strong> with a step size of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142936">step</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a9aefad53d9a4481aafb3efee79cbbf28">Parameter type: int, bigint, or numeric</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__ab901125090944a59a85877779a77e873">Return type: setof int, setof bigint, or setof numeric (same as the argument type)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l21c99baeaea14bd58bafb8f65b9010a3">generate_series(start, stop, step interval)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__ac4448815b347477f9d4650d74fa007f7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l21c99baeaea14bd58bafb8f65b9010a3"></a><a name="l21c99baeaea14bd58bafb8f65b9010a3"></a>Description: Generates a series of values, from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142937_1">start</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142938_1">stop</strong> with a step size of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706142936_1">step</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__aa62cbf1142b94cde8165730be87d364a">Parameter type: timestamp or timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a07ac2275650b47598f357f3441d46c84">Return type: setof timestamp or setof timestamp with time zone (same as argument type)</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__ad2b89768a2734b7b85c69078f7a83eb0">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b84235270617355">step</strong> is positive, zero rows are returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b8423527061740">start</strong> is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b8423527061746">stop</strong>. Conversely, when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b84235270617410">step</strong> is negative, zero rows are returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b84235270617415">start</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b84235270617418">stop</strong>. Zero rows are also returned for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b84235270617450">NULL</strong> inputs. It is an error for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706143045">step</strong> to be zero.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a1babbdf2255c436d8b0c9aab51a40e83">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__sdafd64981f89402cae8f46e0622115da"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- this example relies on the date-plus-integer operator</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dates</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dates</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2008-03-01 00:00'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2008-03-04 12:00'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10 hours'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">generate_series</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">04</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__s2c7ad230ed29408a87f6f2a0a843271c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Subscript Generating Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__u13c4ad193e5340108dd18fba7152ab83"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l034e6bb55d34410fb3c8b00defc6d212">generate_subscripts(array anyarray, dim int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a476f34c3cdc44811a26ff55c37666e0d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l034e6bb55d34410fb3c8b00defc6d212"></a><a name="l034e6bb55d34410fb3c8b00defc6d212"></a>Description: Generates a series comprising the given array's subscripts.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a9d11b842912445599a5a166e6b13adfc">Return type: setof int</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l8dc0a7e3ae074513b165a105e6cd12e2">generate_subscripts(array anyarray, dim int, reverse boolean)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a2a39022dda0d4506bd756a5438ad5088"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__l8dc0a7e3ae074513b165a105e6cd12e2"></a><a name="l8dc0a7e3ae074513b165a105e6cd12e2"></a>Description: Generates a series comprising the given array's subscripts. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706171449">reverse</strong> is true, the series is returned in reverse order.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a6b12e0b5ba5043768a5174d6abed82ec">Return type: setof int</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__a1c47fe4a3e4047dc8a54453d9e11ebab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__b842352706171716">generate_subscripts</strong> is a function that generates the set of valid subscripts for the specified dimension of the given array. Zero rows are returned for arrays that do not have the requested dimension, or for NULL arrays (but valid subscripts are returned for NULL array elements). For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__s1a603b29840742fe9dbbf7e2e714ad07"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- basic usage</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_subscripts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{NULL,1,NULL,2}'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830688__s076ea5a2f253496b93be38c59abe118d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- unnest a 2D array</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unnest2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anyarray</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETOF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">anyelement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate_subscripts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">generate_subscripts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">g2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unnest2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unnest2</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Delete the function:</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unnest2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0050.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0050.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19b0fbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0050.html
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Conditional Expression Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s108862d48319440ab7ee5d012d854f87"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Conditional Expression Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__u84c465073c514332b6929b3e2d0ad594"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l286c723e561648949231dbf4e3ac4d47">coalesce(expr1, expr2, ..., exprn)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__aee853bf8044c41bcad5bb84d8b578b2a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l286c723e561648949231dbf4e3ac4d47"></a><a name="l286c723e561648949231dbf4e3ac4d47"></a>Description: Returns the first argument that is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b535525934513">NULL</strong> in the argument list.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a26a7b09c60204220bfdabefb92847712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b200618155847">COALESCE(expr1, expr2)</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1805566155847">CASE WHEN expr1 IS NOT NULL THEN expr1 ELSE expr2 END</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ace9a96d5ea1f47d5bb466aa4ae3681d1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__sfeba85247f5549c283e145e812c9259a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ab9a01cac03f2494cbc39646659b8b209">Note:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__udaa0162dda344566a7037885b0ffbcbd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l09d1dd85441f41c59f99e01388b80984"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b4997121016463">NULL</strong> is returned only if all parameters are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b644031713461">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__le5b9ab31d3ef4e3fbc6a9ae330ad5551">This value is replaced by the default value when data is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__le53c4a939ec54dd0baff2df56afa9445">Like a CASE expression, COALESCE only evaluates the parameters that are needed to determine the result. That is, parameters to the right of the first non-null parameter are not evaluated.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l3572a653eee74dc48de2c850f3c04bd6">decode(base_expr, compare1, value1, Compare2,value2, ... default)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a9fa365b242824e9eb9820b2ed576ae20"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l3572a653eee74dc48de2c850f3c04bd6"></a><a name="l3572a653eee74dc48de2c850f3c04bd6"></a>Description: Compares base_expr with each compare(n) and returns value(n) if they are matched. If base_expr does not match each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b84235270611366">compare(n)</strong>, the default value is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a1b8a037c32c8416a89fad608c29029ea">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__sdf9f6793c0d344c7a38d9a4319ad09e8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li1720644864213">if(bool_expr, expr1, expr2)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p62261236154215"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li1720644864213"></a><a name="li1720644864213"></a>Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b12923821356">expr1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b6491911173513">expr2</strong>. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b17495639123315">bool_expr</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b164961239173319">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b4496839183311">expr1</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b16497839103310">expr2</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p1811836192016">This function is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b10377171343610">CASE WHEN bool_expr = true THEN expr1 ELSE expr2 END</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p12226336174219">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__screen1022673610426"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yes'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'no'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">yes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p10950191816343">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b419565711377">expr1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b0657151183810">expr2</strong> can be of any type. For details about the available types, see <a href="dws_06_0080.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li1070716213435">ifnull(expr1, expr2)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p1212215418426"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li1070716213435"></a><a name="li1070716213435"></a>Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1837055218393">expr1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1437065213392">expr2</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b101920174012">expr1</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1899491916113">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b188301229114020">expr1</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1066715481405">expr2</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p3122115410420">This function is logically equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b73661334194112">CASE WHEN expr1 IS NOT NULL THEN expr1 ELSE expr2 END</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p7122185414422">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__screen201221354134210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ifnull</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ifnull</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p649469145214">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b17898549174116">expr1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b3898134944110">expr2</strong> can be of any type. For details about the available types, see <a href="dws_06_0080.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li5852151819434">isnull(expr)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p15852181854311"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__li5852151819434"></a><a name="li5852151819434"></a>Description: Checks whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b264454794218">expr</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b283825518118">NULL</strong>. If it is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b6503612126">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b156538454311">true</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1722131911437">false</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p813434010308">This function is logically equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b18647145114441">expr IS NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__p58525184431">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__screen1585271819433"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">isnull</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l7372dc2b242943d092e577dc63918573">nullif(expr1, expr2)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ae1e0cd89479a45b8930fdff3ad9ffcc0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l7372dc2b242943d092e577dc63918573"></a><a name="l7372dc2b242943d092e577dc63918573"></a>Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b372895819441">NULL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b9836132016455">expr1</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b197343583440">expr1</strong> is equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b173595818445">expr2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b627717470451">NULL</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b87351258154412">expr1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__adcd4c563131c4d55b808405c4efe3e99"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b842352706195558">nullif(expr1, expr2)</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b84235270619561">CASE WHEN expr1 = expr2 THEN NULL ELSE expr1 END</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a683426df03f5478e8e3da3ee9801ad44">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s943c2eb7f9a04bba91c4b93f7424ca32"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a773e8c1eba6e4debaf6e9097d9619d67">Note:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a3effc79fb0aa47509fdfd4972694fd56">Assume the two parameter data types are different:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__u6c2400c927fc4e8695383da3106d2658"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l8cef08fbe5b847628ea792410d9d45f3">If implicit conversion exists between the two data types, implicitly convert the parameter of lower priority to this data type using the data type of higher priority. If the conversion succeeds, computation is performed. Otherwise, an error is returned. For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s32ac99e4eac149908ab8158414900116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">INT4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__sd01891155f924f69bb7a69ec88b26ac1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-24'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">invalid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">syntax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;1234&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l767faa76c8064d7594ffd932f2d27d8d">If implicit conversion is not applied between two data types, an error is displayed. For example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s4008ace51ee8459684ef168e5d9b3d3f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-24'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">does</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exist</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">without</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">zone</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">LINE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">BOOLEAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-24'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DUAL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">^</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">No</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matches</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">given</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argument</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">You</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">might</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">need</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explicit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">casts</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l599f2976fedd4a39b6541b1b5bca1599">nvl( expr1 , expr2 )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a65390b56d0114f5a9c2fa77bfd1f6e57"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l599f2976fedd4a39b6541b1b5bca1599"></a><a name="l599f2976fedd4a39b6541b1b5bca1599"></a>Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b1856714314467">expr1</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b5724195034611">expr2</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b115138517466">expr1</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b2051810513461">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b12519145124614">expr2</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b208871966475">expr1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a9c610c34372c4e67928370a7943f50eb">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s27f08bda85104d228dc4a481376206a0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nvl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">nvl</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__aa14957c4726f46bc99953ddd8747ced6">Parameters expr1 and expr2 can be of any data type. If expr1 and expr2 are of different data types, NVL checks whether expr2 can be implicitly converted to expr1. If it can, the expr1 data type is returned. If epr2 cannot be implicitly converted to expr1 but epr1 can be implicitly converted to expr2, the expr2 data type is returned. If no implicit type conversion exists between the two parameters and the parameters are different data types, an error is reported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l32e514aedc674093b65b2373ac3a116d">sys_context( 'namespace' , 'parameter')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a1d62063acc0a4a14a269cfb29f1bcf96"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__l32e514aedc674093b65b2373ac3a116d"></a><a name="l32e514aedc674093b65b2373ac3a116d"></a>Description: Obtains and returns the parameter values of a specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__b853131154816">namespace</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a27728822128f4b8ab4751ed2989b481c">Return type: VARCHAR</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ac621d6e0f1c140239dc597ebbabfb950">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s3044de91d0544b99917d45895778e0a9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys_context</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'USERENV'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CURRENT_SCHEMA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys_context</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a544ef6d9c67a4000ba8607e2df8c4e65">The result varies according to the current actual schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__af2620179b47344499e55e6f2c2b825af">Note: Currently, only the following formats are supported: SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA') and SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_USER').</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__lb3058e9dc0bf4ba09d71d324b703074c">greatest(expr1 [, ...])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a8368f553b89d49098d9216a846129297"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__lb3058e9dc0bf4ba09d71d324b703074c"></a><a name="lb3058e9dc0bf4ba09d71d324b703074c"></a>Description: Selects the largest value from a list of any number of expressions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a9dbaac05bd6a472aac24c799606e64e1">Return type:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a100d93b90c5e430b9c8ded5926f3e2b2">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s5aa6bc098ce64751b1cd1ab2787dd185"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s4eb18fdf468f42c18194eef140541188"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'BCD'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CDE'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CDE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__le0da865f6d8d4158a60aa4b202333f59">least(expr1 [, ...])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a942c5d02699e4e52900f0c3fd1fbc41f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__le0da865f6d8d4158a60aa4b202333f59"></a><a name="le0da865f6d8d4158a60aa4b202333f59"></a>Description: Selects the smallest value from a list of any number of expressions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ae7b6e7d53f6c4932b233cef9d9617160">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__sdf9bad600efd4900846cbb1e851c1f2d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s80eb762d35654570b4751a554d972ee1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ABC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'BCD'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'CDE'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ABC</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ld0b4fa302e074ca2bb658c55b05e6dc4">EMPTY_BLOB()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a8b067e81df0a49218e87da1807f5f602"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__ld0b4fa302e074ca2bb658c55b05e6dc4"></a><a name="ld0b4fa302e074ca2bb658c55b05e6dc4"></a>Description: Initiates a BLOB variable in an INSERT or an UPDATE statement to a NULL value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__afae287c5392b48948ed6c776c350ad59">Return type: BLOB</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a82bb3aa5544d4056a60f8a7d7b315960">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__s28abb096ecac4d269b48444b01d2d7ff"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create a table:</span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_tb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Insert data:</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_tb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">empty_blob</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--Delete the table.</span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blob_tb</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150630__a2201e30c6cf449c88e8cdc1a9e57b793">Note: The length is 0 obtained using <strong>DBMS.GETLENGTH</strong> in a parallel mode.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0051.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0051.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87b53b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0051.html
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Information Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s0e1b94c29faa4d86afbe64c490b9a889"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Session Information Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__uef75b3e5d4e94d3bbf2a2acb051b33e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8969aef8c8e746ea95252125139558bf">current_catalog<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a3e866217862d4a01860862573b23d217"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8969aef8c8e746ea95252125139558bf"></a><a name="l8969aef8c8e746ea95252125139558bf"></a>Description: Name of the current database (called "catalog" in the SQL standard)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acef9035017eb4fbf9e32faf7c8e1730a">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a633a94b3c19e44b49850b39a326d2ba7">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__safdea25d516f4a8a81370fb8b264cf46"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_catalog</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_database</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf6a6293cf2a2439c8efeebc06e54c5d7">current_database()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaff75a4a2ae6478c9903b0330d1ddbe4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf6a6293cf2a2439c8efeebc06e54c5d7"></a><a name="lf6a6293cf2a2439c8efeebc06e54c5d7"></a>Description: Name of the current database</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6d0292444be54259b893bfcc471cbd0a">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad7a505579dcc4e808031df706d4a37f8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__se0f33981b1e4402f9c581e12f9b7f2f0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_database</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_database</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l5a09004ebf154b28ba3fe4529230d2a8">current_query()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae34ca0788afc45b5a63509b75b2f579b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l5a09004ebf154b28ba3fe4529230d2a8"></a><a name="l5a09004ebf154b28ba3fe4529230d2a8"></a>Description: Text of the currently executing query, as submitted by the client (might contain more than one statement)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afce477fa1e3c4b89a88a15138298599f">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af0d19012ff6b42e68477309204ee87fa">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s2619da698a634a4f96d5d7db05816848"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_query</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">current_query</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_query</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7c6d66eb56fb41b4a75885e6cc60bff8">current_schema[()]<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ab076377c1d0a403590549711192d9373"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7c6d66eb56fb41b4a75885e6cc60bff8"></a><a name="l7c6d66eb56fb41b4a75885e6cc60bff8"></a>Description: Name of current schema</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acd2c474352ca4355964074f611e2eb9c">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0ecd0cc82aa44b34a93721c05c573f01">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s92b0e6e769ee4e758247dede4355c576"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_schema</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a394360388d844e6e9167691409bf08bd">Remarks: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706134413">current_schema</strong> returns the first valid schema name in the search path. (If the search path is empty or contains no valid schema name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706134459">NULL</strong> is returned.) This is the schema that will be used for any tables or other named objects that are created without specifying a target schema.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8b6b98f2bff9404d8b1cecb1d26394c4">current_schemas(<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text109564210211">boolean</span>)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a856ab9dda034414689b072ecb968fb93">Description: Names of schemas in search path</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acfb05597c12744119b6109679800aaeb">Return type: name[]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4944bd7718944a7b8b94e0e335a1d043">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sb529b7bf14f5430d813907682dc0333b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_schemas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">current_schemas</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">public</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0fef5faad2144bc6b77099ae5008159a">Note:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a982948aa3fd846daa8d6db9e05c16b66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614827">current_schemas(<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text2089103295514">boolean</span>)</strong> returns an array of the names of all schemas presently in the search path. The Boolean option determines whether implicitly included system schemas such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270614852">pg_catalog</strong> are included in the returned search path.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__nc62ba57518fe46968ef9eec401adf343"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a714b00e7369b4636ac4db0b31d6ddd2a">The search path can be altered at run time. The command is:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sd49941727d834567a9c9e1bed73bf2ce"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">search_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lcde49967034d46a5a64da2365843d414">current_user<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a499654490f214c9eb2fa0c9b954785b2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lcde49967034d46a5a64da2365843d414"></a><a name="lcde49967034d46a5a64da2365843d414"></a>Description: User name of current execution context</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ab64c5c81a23045988e1a2faf84922b95">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae644c0138e724a9b8495a42b20aa8a13">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s8b37230cf5364784bf4649bd28b54624"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afefbb024c7254ee9afbc59b54df5f8f7">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706105319">current_user</strong> is the user identifier that is applicable for permission checking. Normally it is equal to the session user, but it can be changed with <a href="dws_06_0222.html">SET ROLE</a>. It also changes during the execution of functions with the attribute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614748">SECURITY DEFINER</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1d391951f7fd4464b8f70abc3de6b528">inet_client_addr()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p391761734412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1d391951f7fd4464b8f70abc3de6b528"></a><a name="l1d391951f7fd4464b8f70abc3de6b528"></a>Description: Displays the IP address of the currently connected client.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__note19171717184414"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ul133311258729"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li18331125819217">It is available only in remote connection mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li833117589210">If the database is connected to the local PC, the value is empty.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aee1d287b88a5473ea18e21e598696891">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a94e5a5d41e874cde8c40b065f4f40118">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sefb1ce27a8ca410c9cc6ad73c7d417e4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_client_addr</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_client_addr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1cde3e0c7ace4a928b8a8ed6e653eaad">inet_client_port()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad5dfdae250a545649267bca99997ff82"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1cde3e0c7ace4a928b8a8ed6e653eaad"></a><a name="l1cde3e0c7ace4a928b8a8ed6e653eaad"></a>Description: Displays the port number of the currently connected client.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__n367da3b575b2466e8816c198c39408a1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9bb152c0306a45a5abfaf21c2004e1bc">It is available only in remote connection mode.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__abcad9bcd8f194246a8cced25b7d8804c">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a10ebe790e62743ffb01c6460ad971287">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s163f0b13dd564af485ae191650e44087"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_client_port</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_client_port</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">33143</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6e1fb816cd474c3486585fed58782258">inet_server_addr()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1955472717462"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6e1fb816cd474c3486585fed58782258"></a><a name="l6e1fb816cd474c3486585fed58782258"></a>Description: Displays the IP address of the current server.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__note1455411273468"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ul4396914315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li8396101419119">It is available only in remote connection mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li10474181910115">If the database is connected to the local PC, the value is empty.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adb3f1f300edb4237839cb922497407b7">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adce9f5dacf1743b498738470ec0369cd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sf4a3262b5a5f486f935070361fb07dfd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_server_addr</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_server_addr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l9535d9e16e324449b0812a62b0921289">inet_server_port()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5e5b5fd5a6144d51823a43a41f400e94"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l9535d9e16e324449b0812a62b0921289"></a><a name="l9535d9e16e324449b0812a62b0921289"></a>Description: Displays the port of the current server. All these functions return NULL if the current connection is via a Unix-domain socket. </p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__naca0aeb3c5f74142bd20ac6a9bef8249"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a1251828b6d434be6a4c712330581eacf">It is available only in remote connection mode.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a3551d643d2494576a5a9da5e3c48c0bc">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad3b83da905104fb2a184759c08b410c4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s20d6f69e827a4db1b47e584cc8dec5f2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_server_port</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inet_server_port</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4047d23653264241855847e9371b1523">pg_backend_pid()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a706cac4eb7b4412da56d7e6d3aff2bd8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4047d23653264241855847e9371b1523"></a><a name="l4047d23653264241855847e9371b1523"></a>Description: Process ID of the server process attached to the current session</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a964c5d29f1004c7a88896ed1a7cf1bf9">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a46abf8578116435492a974387e234238">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s46e467f0939244189d18028007150e04"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_backend_pid</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_backend_pid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140229352617744</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc6386eaf92234526a09602d0bfb61b64">pg_conf_load_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6f1ab6020232474bad06f363dffd3459"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc6386eaf92234526a09602d0bfb61b64"></a><a name="lc6386eaf92234526a09602d0bfb61b64"></a>Description: Configures load time. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706105522">pg_conf_load_time</strong> returns the timestamp with time zone when the server configuration files were last loaded.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa75905103c514fc1be1cd4c411fd378c">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aac81018dfa854e21ac5d80c50b96aad1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s652a3fd7a69343689c6548c091ea4d84"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_conf_load_time</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pg_conf_load_time</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">89868</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb8b28388d1734a5c98ef227a062fe0f6">pg_my_temp_schema()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6463dd1dc89c47df9b0853b98b6b3c34"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb8b28388d1734a5c98ef227a062fe0f6"></a><a name="lb8b28388d1734a5c98ef227a062fe0f6"></a>Description: OID of the temporary schema of a session. The value is 0 if the OID does not exist.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ab4a0d814132c4881814540f298725805">Return type: OID</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a73bcbb26c1064e16bbefd0f02471957a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s7960ddd5790f4f82ae549cbfc409682f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_my_temp_schema</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_my_temp_schema</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------</span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a25adb03ac6b940e78868f87b07a33636">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706105445">pg_my_temp_schema</strong> returns the OID of the current session's temporary schema, or zero if it has none (because it has not created any temporary tables). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270610552">pg_is_other_temp_schema</strong> returns true if the given OID is the OID of another session's temporary schema.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6ef457ae850b4e22936b07c0b4b03056">pg_is_other_temp_schema(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a37501a66c048410b8934bca8df7fe05c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6ef457ae850b4e22936b07c0b4b03056"></a><a name="l6ef457ae850b4e22936b07c0b4b03056"></a>Description: Whether the schema is the temporary schema of another session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a731e98df84f3439c92d983a54f55a457">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1975611355567">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a27d77c31a138428ea629f7852bf9e0f1">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sd946db9e19454974b7eda64b00209b6e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_is_other_temp_schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25356</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_is_other_temp_schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf5dee271ed0747829faf00230a1b4f64">pg_listening_channels()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5f93fe68919f47b48a4d9cca26444a2b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf5dee271ed0747829faf00230a1b4f64"></a><a name="lf5dee271ed0747829faf00230a1b4f64"></a>Description: Channel names that the session is currently listening on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae7c3ab1ad07f4990bc4068dd3941bfdf">Return type: setof text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__abb500fc91246434a91e559c0d9c5018d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s87814ced58954048bc19ef59c6e45b7e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_listening_channels</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_listening_channels</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaf0a1d1414ad4179a4a30640da4d4d73">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706105346">pg_listening_channels</strong> returns a set of names of channels that the current session is listening to.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb19154360d0c4b249da040c9c7990f3b">pg_postmaster_start_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8544bff0b4ac4eb7b69fa42f14eb363a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb19154360d0c4b249da040c9c7990f3b"></a><a name="lb19154360d0c4b249da040c9c7990f3b"></a>Description: Server start time <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706105510">pg_postmaster_start_time</strong> returns the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141016">timestamp with time zone</strong> when the server started.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acd04f9bd2d6744fb8db98d06630de8af">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2488017c0fa44c2f9b4dd70924f07ec0">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s0830149b81fc4af48126fb95a80586b4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_postmaster_start_time</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">pg_postmaster_start_time</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">54</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">99854</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lcd9cdf585d3446858a2d3d5bec13fdec">pg_trigger_depth()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0ba071d04c0f4592ad4a51766303a147"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lcd9cdf585d3446858a2d3d5bec13fdec"></a><a name="lcd9cdf585d3446858a2d3d5bec13fdec"></a>Description: Current nesting level of triggers</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2ab4453d4e3843c3b561dcddeba50624">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acc6fc493d89d4caf8f36b898ba49b47e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s5a65913db0744266a0b1e507aa203a9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_trigger_depth</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_trigger_depth</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4fa3c3657f024af9b476fcf9cea11950">pgxc_version()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9a536f7cac104f8495299180497c7786"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4fa3c3657f024af9b476fcf9cea11950"></a><a name="l4fa3c3657f024af9b476fcf9cea11950"></a>Description: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1018795213564">Postgres-XC</span> version information</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a967fd4c766f04ea698b2fe9cfc363f6c">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aee59d29809394b9495ee6158f3ecf6bd">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sfbe3be1705c442df81bf6e258617f066"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_version</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                </span><span class="n">pgxc_version</span><span class="w">                                                 </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Postgres</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">XC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">unknown</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">linux</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">gnu</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">based</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PostgreSQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compiled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">g</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GCC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc8f87cef51624d8399fc7aca277b8473">session_user<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5ae248113a75491ab4365660e8253dff"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc8f87cef51624d8399fc7aca277b8473"></a><a name="lc8f87cef51624d8399fc7aca277b8473"></a>Description: Session user name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ab3ce1fac0dff430897fca244fda4b78e">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa1d0995f6cf246aba4742b0a5de8cc4c">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sd2347403355b41b2893662ba69c24b63"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">session_user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">session_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7fb1b669064a43b4a49cbf309e3945c7">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270610534">session_user</strong> is usually the user who initiated the current database connection, but administrators can change this setting with <a href="dws_06_0223.html">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lad7f141ee85a4229a9cddec3f975d857">user<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af85c12c5385044838a7bcd74de1b8848"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lad7f141ee85a4229a9cddec3f975d857"></a><a name="lad7f141ee85a4229a9cddec3f975d857"></a>Description: Is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706101829">current_user</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a25e41963370140f59901b08d1371e4a2">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8f6abb9ddea54ee994941fd786202d1a">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s4173c45c3c5f4d57aa392812bd18bd01"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l955bdbe0ebb0402a9ea97b22c200801e">version()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a3ae4d50e3db840bb82d2c0a644cec71d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l955bdbe0ebb0402a9ea97b22c200801e"></a><a name="l955bdbe0ebb0402a9ea97b22c200801e"></a>Description: version information. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141041">version</strong> returns a string describing a server's version.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8bd4b0c7c2d44da78fbd855748ad7495">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6bdcc6e89f524c0c8a5a5b8a0ae432ae">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sf025cb9ed92d48a5b0dc4936d167bb7b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                                </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w">                                                                </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PostgreSQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">GaussDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">build</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">af002019</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compiled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">at</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2020</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">43</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6995</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11566</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">unknown</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">linux</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">gnu</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compiled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">g</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GCC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s14d23129951b42fb89efd2b38241dc4a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Access Privilege Inquiry Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__uf432302930bf4f88a9b0be2750a5e00e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld2a84ffb791b41f487fb076cd18214bf">has_any_column_privilege(user, table, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0c6587757c5a453b8b8a28d3e07b0f83"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld2a84ffb791b41f487fb076cd18214bf"></a><a name="ld2a84ffb791b41f487fb076cd18214bf"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for any column of table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adb4dbbf64e2c411ab34f83990ae65d40">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1365519385710">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf5a44092214944d58484f7fc411ea68a">has_any_column_privilege(table, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2695dc6bb72241baa070e0b70fbe5c36"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lf5a44092214944d58484f7fc411ea68a"></a><a name="lf5a44092214944d58484f7fc411ea68a"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for any column of table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a08ccb2fd1bdc447cba5c7e78d74b4657">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text182499111576">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2eefd576886e41c9914b9430be457c5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706105844">has_any_column_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access any column of a table in a particular way. Its parameter possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706144224">has_table_privilege</strong>, except that the desired access permission type must be some combination of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or REFERENCES.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__n02dff8dea95e45bdb9c42ec6a4a227b9"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2feb9831a5a0434f8431a21eda31907a">Note that having any of these permissions at the table level implicitly grants it for each column of the table, so <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270611234">has_any_column_privilege</strong> will always return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141533">true</strong> if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270611245">has_table_privilege</strong> does for the same parameters. But <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141552">has_any_column_privilege</strong> also succeeds if there is a column-level grant of the permission for at least one column.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l593b672de8f04f7faae9e99cb84c3746">has_column_privilege(user, table, column, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afd10e6744c6a4b169a85a7c10722833a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l593b672de8f04f7faae9e99cb84c3746"></a><a name="l593b672de8f04f7faae9e99cb84c3746"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2cc840881ccb4ab7ba9f64e0a375d14c">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text7203319175711">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1394d41a2cef45709a430f42d62c1f2c">has_column_privilege(table, column, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adcf88669c472485a9bb6c6a1f78fdd50"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l1394d41a2cef45709a430f42d62c1f2c"></a><a name="l1394d41a2cef45709a430f42d62c1f2c"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a960b8d87abd147c6abb4450e276a8a9c">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1081113251572">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae7e7a411575649e39a523a8aa33f2e80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270611256">has_column_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a column in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b8423527061136">has_table_privilege</strong>, with the addition that the column can be specified either by name or attribute number. The desired access permission type must evaluate to some combination of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141622">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141627">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141631">UPDATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141634">REFERENCES</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__n032f4ed260e7494194d48b5c51cf28b1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a51a664ab579e40e2b752f4de026ce5b9">Note that having any of these permissions at the table level implicitly grants it for each column of the table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l5c2a8f61ec9f4d9a893e262fdfedb90e">has_database_privilege(user, database, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a521bce7bae974d0a8aadc2809b0d3607"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l5c2a8f61ec9f4d9a893e262fdfedb90e"></a><a name="l5c2a8f61ec9f4d9a893e262fdfedb90e"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a436235932ec54a13baba1b12a0c7d1ad">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text499922913576">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l42dbffc0565e4765a848d104d17973f8">has_database_privilege(database, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a33cf4bcbda4843258610190107fbe20e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l42dbffc0565e4765a848d104d17973f8"></a><a name="l42dbffc0565e4765a848d104d17973f8"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa7aa15139f3c4af19501f9a45eff33ec">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text281114359574">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af33f884e42e947b28e53e1f42b4d0d41">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270611317">has_database_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a database in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270611326">has_table_privilege</strong>. The desired access permission type must evaluate to some combination of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141711">CREATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141716">CONNECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141722">TEMPORARY</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141726">TEMP</strong> (which is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141730">TEMPORARY</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb23dd345952f4a53bdbc80b6b8e9eda8">has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(user, fdw, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a43da93f111914498b0753a896d185e97"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb23dd345952f4a53bdbc80b6b8e9eda8"></a><a name="lb23dd345952f4a53bdbc80b6b8e9eda8"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for foreign-data wrapper.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p15802161012419">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b540423813599">fdw</strong> parameter indicates the name or ID of the foreign data wrapper.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p3897142714813">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1623095452116">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8675d468753d42c0be01c832f7115014">has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(fdw, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5141378f3b69435994fdd1fbd8417989"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8675d468753d42c0be01c832f7115014"></a><a name="l8675d468753d42c0be01c832f7115014"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for foreign-data wrapper.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7d77c8943cc440a1a10914facd9cca48">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text618618442576">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a86f1faa21ec844a5baa9ccb935644670">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706111118">has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a foreign-data wrapper in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b30034491">has_table_privilege</strong>. The desired access permission type must evaluate to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141853">USAGE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la8760b4ba44f4bb0a67beaae931d53df">has_function_privilege(user, function, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a105f2bd688ab459d998297f3410bc0ea"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la8760b4ba44f4bb0a67beaae931d53df"></a><a name="la8760b4ba44f4bb0a67beaae931d53df"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae5044bf29b8542f5819f2fa2c3859717">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1530619487570">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8311468321274ee79bfb3b47db61513a">has_function_privilege(function, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a62441138c63c4b64a657bfcd54985db1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8311468321274ee79bfb3b47db61513a"></a><a name="l8311468321274ee79bfb3b47db61513a"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a74410a93c1ca41acb05590078f40e166">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text115252512575">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a15a2167ab73540df8df89680d1d79fb2">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270611335">has_function_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a function in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b1359383148">has_table_privilege</strong>. When a function is specified by a text string rather than by OID, the allowed input is the same as that for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b8423527061141">regprocedure</strong> data type (see <a href="dws_06_0022.html">Object Identifier Types</a>). The desired access permission type must evaluate to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614465">EXECUTE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l26b97ada84314a3abfd1df4d6739182b">has_language_privilege(user, language, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a11f9877800d94376b79d231e7df89fa3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l26b97ada84314a3abfd1df4d6739182b"></a><a name="l26b97ada84314a3abfd1df4d6739182b"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for language.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a3a2cfaef4e9c4132b00b99b9a0d884cb">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text7932135517573">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7b5931ba297e4a9e8f95c5acf063488f">has_language_privilege(language, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aca573d79cbf64df89f92bb004d52aa53"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7b5931ba297e4a9e8f95c5acf063488f"></a><a name="l7b5931ba297e4a9e8f95c5acf063488f"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for language.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aefcef919bbad4ac59114bdfa08fac104">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text18212859135716">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9fce08a74f3e442abe1903b95999bce5">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706135053">has_language_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a procedural language in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b976776677">has_table_privilege</strong>. The desired access permission type must evaluate to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b428210164">USAGE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8fa8edd119534dfabe1f9ec2f8ec4e66">has_schema_privilege(user, schema, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8309c6935fae44cba6063e0813b2b0b6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l8fa8edd119534dfabe1f9ec2f8ec4e66"></a><a name="l8fa8edd119534dfabe1f9ec2f8ec4e66"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a90bb6d1e0a6e49b0a9d2e1310a54e629">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text17134184145816">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7dff741ab0df48eb930642b202aa18aa">has_schema_privilege(schema, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac04fd22fa7f24c40ae6f738292844605"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7dff741ab0df48eb930642b202aa18aa"></a><a name="l7dff741ab0df48eb930642b202aa18aa"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a23f03607d80149e088f770cad9e93de9">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text19978127185818">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af65061cf434d4687be799d8952df0403">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706135215">has_schema_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a schema in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b675037192">has_table_privilege</strong>. The desired access permission type must evaluate to some combination of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141928">CREATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141935">USAGE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l19f301aa9d2847ea84d5a8baf40c5dcc">has_server_privilege(user, server, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa85665cd0f1c4f0581dbf0435c7e709c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l19f301aa9d2847ea84d5a8baf40c5dcc"></a><a name="l19f301aa9d2847ea84d5a8baf40c5dcc"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for foreign server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6b370ce8b7504800b0234de30181fe16">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text227511111585">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2a7bf864419a4e1fb98d481d6f9eb926">has_server_privilege(server, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a001ef11802074eac9123e9c5d5dc6f86"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2a7bf864419a4e1fb98d481d6f9eb926"></a><a name="l2a7bf864419a4e1fb98d481d6f9eb926"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for foreign server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2be07b47c0db467aaa84f3e52a5d65f2">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text103231315195818">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaafecc3309fc40debc548ee1d2638328">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706135645">has_server_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a foreign server in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b423310542">has_table_privilege</strong>. The desired access permission type must evaluate to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b1665268962">USAGE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc7a0e56385fd4b14be22f497e91e77c5">has_table_privilege(user, table, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a080cc36eaa354ccc9713c437acec9cb0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc7a0e56385fd4b14be22f497e91e77c5"></a><a name="lc7a0e56385fd4b14be22f497e91e77c5"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a604773ec484240ceaaaebe956c90e8ee">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text483701812580">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb9960ba948a44673a29926c8676dbd4f">has_table_privilege(table, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac378c52264cb4fb39d6d3d0e96a02b67"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb9960ba948a44673a29926c8676dbd4f"></a><a name="lb9960ba948a44673a29926c8676dbd4f"></a>Description: Queries whether the current user has permission for table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2bdbd62594fa46b993acf5d50bb478ca">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text675914216585">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa20db083eb75450394904547d7f8c3b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706105643">has_table_privilege</strong> checks whether a user can access a table in a particular way. The user can be specified by name, by OID (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270610574">pg_authid.oid</strong>), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706141138">public</strong> to indicate the PUBLIC pseudo-role, or if the argument is omitted <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706105721">current_user</strong> is assumed. The table can be specified by name or by OID. When specifying by name, the name can be schema-qualified if necessary. The desired access permission type is specified by a text string, which must be one of the values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141249">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141255">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141259">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614134">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614139">TRUNCATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141314">REFERENCES</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141319">TRIGGER</strong>. Optionally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141334">WITH GRANT OPTION</strong> can be added to a permission type to test whether the permission is held with grant option. Also, multiple permission types can be listed separated by commas, in which case the result will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706141350">true</strong> if any of the listed permissions is held.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae8faa4bad0ff4ffca292e0d03e35f3d5">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s1ff0de6fc67a48a6b53434f4c45c3b78"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has_table_privilege</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tpcds.web_site'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has_table_privilege</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------- </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has_table_privilege</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'tpcds.web_site'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select,INSERT WITH GRANT OPTION '</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has_table_privilege</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------- </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__le48619f48aba48f49753fd5529cdf859">pg_has_role(user, role, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae3bf8b40463f4810a5d466d1ebf09d1e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__le48619f48aba48f49753fd5529cdf859"></a><a name="le48619f48aba48f49753fd5529cdf859"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified user has permission for role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaa134e4621764109ac6477ea79bbd471">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1172943885820">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2dddcdddfcee47e991ef4d0a182ae720">pg_has_role(role, privilege)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9bdbfffd67c344aa9e66f408539fa8ab"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2dddcdddfcee47e991ef4d0a182ae720"></a><a name="l2dddcdddfcee47e991ef4d0a182ae720"></a>Description: Specifies whether the current user has permission for role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a909a516a31ee4abd830424d666b10007">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text15806114135815">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a52a81c81eb2145c6b863f5690066b76e">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614030">pg_has_role</strong> checks whether a user can access a role in a particular way. Its argument possibilities are analogous to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b8423527061414">has_table_privilege</strong>, except that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b8423527061420">public</strong> is not allowed as a user name. The desired access permission type must evaluate to some combination of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614219">MEMBER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706142114">USAGE</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614410">MEMBER</strong> denotes direct or indirect membership in the role (that is, the right to do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614421">SET ROLE</strong>), while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614515">USAGE</strong> denotes the permissions of the role are available without doing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614520">SET ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s7403af92d0b4403fb4e9862b6771766f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6e33213f245242ae8a596af78dbd84b8">Each function performs the visibility check for one type of database object. For functions and operators, an object in the search path is visible if there is no object of the same name and argument data type(s) earlier in the path. For operator classes, both name and associated index access method are considered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adf1cbc4dbf2d47368575e9c54575b3b8">All these functions require OIDs to identify the objects to be checked. If you want to test an object by name, it is convenient to use the OID alias types (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706144757">regclass</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614481">regtype</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614484">regprocedure</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270614489">regoperator</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706144813">regconfig</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706144816">regdictionary</strong>).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a20aaa344179c45fbb0ada45543819342">For example, a table is said to be visible if its containing schema is in the search path and no table of the same name appears earlier in the search path. This is equivalent to the statement that the table can be referenced by name without explicit schema qualification. For example, to list the names of all visible tables:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s2f38d466a97f4dd5b31a1db9c2456cf7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_table_is_visible</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__uc91ae37c96f04f97aee2e29c7557c368"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4ec1ff54abe34d2db0c757d540030f6f">pg_collation_is_visible(collation_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa7a0755b81aa4eab9503850d202685d1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4ec1ff54abe34d2db0c757d540030f6f"></a><a name="l4ec1ff54abe34d2db0c757d540030f6f"></a>Description: Queries whether the collation is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8e4f166ca5854b088c5429a89dfabf1b">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text69364713589">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l01c0625ab2d341f3aeb7e197654cc328">pg_conversion_is_visible(conversion_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a904f74c587cd48a9a5e6f917b9e0e3c0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l01c0625ab2d341f3aeb7e197654cc328"></a><a name="l01c0625ab2d341f3aeb7e197654cc328"></a>Description: Queries whether the conversion is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae6072a03d0004a45ab7fc1c25eacfd33">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text15562114910583">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lbe506c6720f142bab5f3b210fbf0a26c">pg_function_is_visible(function_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a39cb868213ae46d39ca5322290a90c77"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lbe506c6720f142bab5f3b210fbf0a26c"></a><a name="lbe506c6720f142bab5f3b210fbf0a26c"></a>Description: Queries whether the function is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7ca3a392a7aa4022a7c1923af91c080f">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text18937752175816">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7fe8b06d176448b28cfbd154b2556c3c">pg_opclass_is_visible(opclass_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afdec6ebbbd89481e8b5161333dc30f9d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7fe8b06d176448b28cfbd154b2556c3c"></a><a name="l7fe8b06d176448b28cfbd154b2556c3c"></a>Description: Queries whether the operator class is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae0d8c4b95e1245a1b22703b6eb931db5">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text15436125535814">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc2a6f15319594aa798becf3812793d3c">pg_operator_is_visible(operator_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a571d1454a4dc43aaa1cd213802a36f6f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lc2a6f15319594aa798becf3812793d3c"></a><a name="lc2a6f15319594aa798becf3812793d3c"></a>Description: Queries whether the operator is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa695829572744a60b9fb72fce5a1afb0">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text5984125875812">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l421ed188887e43aeac4135c3daad176f">pg_opfamily_is_visible(opclass_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8dbc757baa32470893381be4ab21f72f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l421ed188887e43aeac4135c3daad176f"></a><a name="l421ed188887e43aeac4135c3daad176f"></a>Description: Queries whether the operator family is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4016c9fb5dcd418ab20f870b557a1df3">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text204061520593">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l621be693da604feb85ced96e06077808">pg_table_is_visible(table_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a33e72373a4c9452e808ddfac946e0a8a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l621be693da604feb85ced96e06077808"></a><a name="l621be693da604feb85ced96e06077808"></a>Description: Queries whether the table is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5e3230fe92fb49498edf267d6c38bbbd">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text1935920595915">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l0474433ef176407c9952582407faa950">pg_ts_config_is_visible(config_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a1fb979b1631f479a883d4a7f4f902b34"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l0474433ef176407c9952582407faa950"></a><a name="l0474433ef176407c9952582407faa950"></a>Description: Queries whether the text search configuration is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6fbc045747894d468becc98dbd056561">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text109061490596">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la8feda6cb5f64489999662fccf2652a4">pg_ts_dict_is_visible(dict_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a1d7a09b5ba704e1e89ba8f8f9dc27a89"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la8feda6cb5f64489999662fccf2652a4"></a><a name="la8feda6cb5f64489999662fccf2652a4"></a>Description: Queries whether the text search dictionary is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac4fdc42ddde14748901d4616d30f937e">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text4749131214593">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la2f66b4064724599a7d7746276657f25">pg_ts_parser_is_visible(parser_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aef87c45364874672b798040b307033e5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la2f66b4064724599a7d7746276657f25"></a><a name="la2f66b4064724599a7d7746276657f25"></a>Description: Queries whether the text search parser is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaab91dc7bc774a1db20ee0c914757ad0">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text399961625919">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7b664d25d02c4f3a9ebf6f8570a10aea">pg_ts_template_is_visible(template_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0f2ee726ff444ae8822169a0e57f40a2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l7b664d25d02c4f3a9ebf6f8570a10aea"></a><a name="l7b664d25d02c4f3a9ebf6f8570a10aea"></a>Description: Queries whether the text search template is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a3640b47870144d58a3011330f0e2fa56">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text2592920165917">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l61b9365772ee495ea469fe8395da7aee">pg_type_is_visible(type_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adc2126423d184d07a1854f18b0778253"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l61b9365772ee495ea469fe8395da7aee"></a><a name="l61b9365772ee495ea469fe8395da7aee"></a>Description: Queries whether the type (or domain) is visible in search path.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a83bd9aea491b4bfb96bbbc57432b1dbb">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text882872413596">boolean</span></p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s50a3526375234636a1c73e4e90b2a29b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">System Catalog Information Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ud763ae0589bf4f47a143197ed3ebef1b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l11ad947b98db4549bb60f2151751ff49">format_type(type_oid, typemod)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad700c855e9f0483a932f4014455c7bb0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l11ad947b98db4549bb60f2151751ff49"></a><a name="l11ad947b98db4549bb60f2151751ff49"></a>Description: Gets SQL name of a data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa2aa7bc55016472b8d47a1dd02eee373">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaf37e711e9c4439e9010d6b74d6c147d">Note:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a84c3f43615c942bab081b3468b643f09"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706163922">format_type</strong> returns the SQL name of a data type that is identified by its type OID and possibly a type modifier. Pass NULL for the type modifier if no specific modifier is known. Certain type modifiers are passed for data types with length limitations. The SQL name returned from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706165854">format_type</strong> contains the length of the data type, which can be calculated by taking sizeof(int32) from actual storage length [actual storage len - sizeof(int32)] in the unit of bytes. 32-bit space is required to store the customized length set by users. So the actual storage length contains 4 bytes more than the customized length. In the following example, the SQL name returned from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b56790094617730">format_type</strong> is character varying(6), indicating the length of varchar type is 6 bytes. So the actual storage length of varchar type is 10 bytes.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s9d0d1937f33d4f099061dc91709e9252"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format_type</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'varchar'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">format_type</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li5114194105012">pg_check_authid(role_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1812184935117"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li5114194105012"></a><a name="li5114194105012"></a>Description: Checks whether a role name with given OID exists.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1568661825216">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l91f3d7a8602240a299b1415e084aa2e9">pg_describe_object(catalog_id, object_id, object_sub_id)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4b955f442a72459490d67fac1afece05"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l91f3d7a8602240a299b1415e084aa2e9"></a><a name="l91f3d7a8602240a299b1415e084aa2e9"></a>Description: Gets description of a database object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a479ef64e050048a689402d2ebfc0738d">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a024f88aa283243e2869bb70ef066b298">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706143027">pg_describe_object</strong> returns a description of a database object specified by catalog OID, object OID and a (possibly zero) sub-object ID. This is useful to determine the identity of an object as stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706143056">pg_depend</strong> catalog.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l47102694644b48fb896046d6df2e82c6">pg_get_constraintdef(constraint_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a59891576ee3e4d91b6de84f5897e43e0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l47102694644b48fb896046d6df2e82c6"></a><a name="l47102694644b48fb896046d6df2e82c6"></a>Description: Gets definition of a constraint.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adbc806787ff141f092208ded70c607e9">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6b66cb585323410fb2903db2d6821ec2">pg_get_constraintdef(constraint_oid, pretty_bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae0a5722a51f7471a919cef01b93646df"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6b66cb585323410fb2903db2d6821ec2"></a><a name="l6b66cb585323410fb2903db2d6821ec2"></a>Description: Gets definition of a constraint.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae517b025fb64424eb888ed77c6558d21">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1112345161617">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b8423527062042">pg_get_constraintdef</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b8423527062045">pg_get_indexdef</strong> respectively reconstruct the creating command for a constraint and an index. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l70c65bebe3d84e3898394b919cf73300">pg_get_expr(pg_node_tree, relation_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a60cdb6e4fc9949dda7269394cbf111fb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l70c65bebe3d84e3898394b919cf73300"></a><a name="l70c65bebe3d84e3898394b919cf73300"></a>Description: Decompiles internal form of an expression, assuming that any Vars in it refer to the relationship indicated by the second parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a601fca8e21c14c3da4430aec2504bc48">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lfb52be91f12748aba7b9a4b799936fbe">pg_get_expr(pg_node_tree, relation_oid, pretty_bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a314ed4b72c664ad1ad43c55e397bf3c4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lfb52be91f12748aba7b9a4b799936fbe"></a><a name="lfb52be91f12748aba7b9a4b799936fbe"></a>Description: Decompiles internal form of an expression, assuming that any Vars in it refer to the relationship indicated by the second parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8d729df7157249ee93282fbea3d61c99">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad78e5e54b7f64b09a943a7c11b9ee435">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706171338">pg_get_expr</strong> decompiles the internal form of an individual expression, such as the default value for a column. It can be useful when examining the contents of system catalogs. If the expression might contain Vars, specify the OID of the relationship they refer to as the second parameter; if no Vars are expected, zero is sufficient.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ldbd3bd659cef40f4986818e0e9d1628d">pg_get_functiondef(func_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a338edcce503e48d88366f4f301467800"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ldbd3bd659cef40f4986818e0e9d1628d"></a><a name="ldbd3bd659cef40f4986818e0e9d1628d"></a>Description: Gets definition of a function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a134769993bfa420e85f92ee532eb9c10">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1846215342270"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b484811511243">func_oid</strong> is the OID of the function, which can be queried in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ph21743512088">PG_PROC</span> system catalog.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p11523185519113">Example: Query the OID and definition of the justify_days function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__screen2284443112615"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_proc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'justify_days'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1295</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_functiondef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1295</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">headerlines</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="n">definition</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">justify_days</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w">                                           </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">internal</span><span class="w">                                          </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="k">function</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="n">interval_justify_days$function$</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l888c2c2c923f49e79861ae7e908eb045">pg_get_function_arguments(func_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aaeba8c1f08094058b893786097bcebb6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l888c2c2c923f49e79861ae7e908eb045"></a><a name="l888c2c2c923f49e79861ae7e908eb045"></a>Description: Gets argument list of function's definition (with default values).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a011fe242c5404a338fcd7166aa1c5cff">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a452e7e51ef01406b95300b74f28dcac0">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182119">pg_get_function_arguments</strong> returns the argument list of a function, in the form it would need to appear in within <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182127">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2597ac4042f34a52832f7382e8bd2bbc">pg_get_function_identity_arguments(func_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0bca0a64a11647439b19f2d235ac70a3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2597ac4042f34a52832f7382e8bd2bbc"></a><a name="l2597ac4042f34a52832f7382e8bd2bbc"></a>Description: Gets argument list to identify a function (without default values).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ade939866f92f41e1a93971a2ddbf36bc">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa410c3cc3b1f436498ec786d6d6d18e5">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182336">pg_get_function_identity_arguments</strong> returns the argument list necessary to identify a function, in the form it would need to appear in within <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182345">ALTER FUNCTION</strong>. This form omits default values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l196a6eb0ec3b4dea904086d8268731fa">pg_get_function_result(func_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac1b5e2962c4e413f9e22157a0f584868"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l196a6eb0ec3b4dea904086d8268731fa"></a><a name="l196a6eb0ec3b4dea904086d8268731fa"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151432">RETURNS</strong> clause for function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af885e87b66474ce0992dde242189b625">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9fcf7706f19b4e9abdf3788a4a765e3d">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182214">pg_get_function_result</strong> returns the appropriate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706182242">RETURNS</strong> clause for the function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2feba6637da04e168f214d53e98410a3">pg_get_indexdef(index_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adc49b0ff976a456da6eef7d15305ba43"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l2feba6637da04e168f214d53e98410a3"></a><a name="l2feba6637da04e168f214d53e98410a3"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151530">CREATE INDEX</strong> command for index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6a35cd0457ef4b05b4c84bb3386f6beb">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p15454157133612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b1272971215240">index_oid</strong> indicates the index OID, which can be queried in the PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES system view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p4899437468">Example: Query the OID and CREATE INDEX command of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b89232042017">index ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__screen187193016512"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">indexrelid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">indexrelname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ds_ship_mode_t1_index1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">indexrelid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">136035</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">136035</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm_ship_mode_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_default</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld096d049d3944f87aa7501569e9ab66f">pg_get_indexdef(index_oid, column_no, pretty_bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a098cfc3c31ad4c638a9fa2ef5e7ad159"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld096d049d3944f87aa7501569e9ab66f"></a><a name="ld096d049d3944f87aa7501569e9ab66f"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151631">CREATE INDEX</strong> command for index, or definition of just one index column when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151642">column_no</strong> is not zero.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__af6d25abfcdf3407d8bd82b727cd92343">Return type: text</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__screen163301513575"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">136035</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm_ship_mode_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_default</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">136035</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_indexdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sm_ship_mode_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6cab89097268487f8ac07c51490c34a7">pg_get_keywords()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__abf6d3578f0944b0987084b928bf93f34"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6cab89097268487f8ac07c51490c34a7"></a><a name="l6cab89097268487f8ac07c51490c34a7"></a>Description: Gets list of SQL keywords and their categories.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a886553b512454032945623f1007d99b1">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aecaa32ae623e4cbea8db514308ba32ad">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164321">pg_get_keywords</strong> returns a set of records describing the SQL keywords recognized by the server. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706145156">word</strong> column contains the keyword. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164425">catcode</strong> column contains a category code: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164435">U</strong> for unreserved, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164438">C</strong> for column name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164442">T</strong> for type or function name, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164446">R</strong> for reserved. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706164815">catdesc</strong> column contains a possibly-localized string describing the category.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l28c461a65f2f44d1b9966da77fd61116">pg_get_ruledef(rule_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5fc500bda38d4aa6b36ae41d954192a4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l28c461a65f2f44d1b9966da77fd61116"></a><a name="l28c461a65f2f44d1b9966da77fd61116"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b16533935174816">CREATE RULE</strong> command for a rule.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__abbe411249d62463ab053de101c1bacd0">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l803b30dbc4864bd080b8dadc1b968f1d">pg_get_ruledef(rule_oid, pretty_bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad8a1361c0639400fa509c6629d517f5c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l803b30dbc4864bd080b8dadc1b968f1d"></a><a name="l803b30dbc4864bd080b8dadc1b968f1d"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b6669203674811">CREATE RULE</strong> command for a rule.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afa24f7d0165b4740854c1d913cd1175d">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la2eea34c099242f8a6eab551db0076ec">pg_get_userbyid(role_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afa5aa604fa4046819276fe54a2c86a7d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__la2eea34c099242f8a6eab551db0076ec"></a><a name="la2eea34c099242f8a6eab551db0076ec"></a>Description: Gets role name with given OID.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac5e9f76cc98040ac9749e0ac4f8b5b85">Return type: name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9259777455c64a03ae53457e86058209">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270692319">pg_get_userbyid</strong> extracts a role's name given its OID.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6a71c477fc5b4c26ad3d316727cde647">pg_get_viewdef(viewname text [, pretty bool [, fullflag bool]])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4884a98c723b4645b203fa6d378ba9ec"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l6a71c477fc5b4c26ad3d316727cde647"></a><a name="l6a71c477fc5b4c26ad3d316727cde647"></a>Description: gets underlying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b142331135317">SELECT</strong> command for views.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a99090a361e6f4610b82934b1424f021c">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p21315390356">Note:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ul326345973518"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li162641599357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706172247">pg_get_viewdef</strong> reconstructs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706172255">SELECT</strong> query that defines a view. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b19924545173510">pretty bool</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b162481748153515">true</strong>, the display format is suitable for printing and more readable. The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b11199101012165">pretty bool</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b372612231918">false</strong>, and the display format is not readable. Use the default format for dump purposes whenever possible. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b3521429141914">pretty bool</strong> parameter can be applied only to valid views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li21721094366">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b1384214172513">fullflag bool</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b5220246112519">true</strong>, the complete definition of the view is displayed. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b6703648114812">false</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l22d0c7fe967548e4b7e507d6966ed89d">pg_get_viewdef(viewoid oid [, pretty bool [, fullflag bool]])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a75622ac9458f4e34aae7f41476c556fe"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l22d0c7fe967548e4b7e507d6966ed89d"></a><a name="l22d0c7fe967548e4b7e507d6966ed89d"></a>Description: gets underlying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b05511749194920">SELECT</strong> command for views.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa245c6ffa97841c88f9ef359709a73b1">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4f7dfcf5a66f4bf296358789b13dae43">pg_get_viewdef(view_oid, wrap_column_int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a52a901ae781344ecae605151900636f4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l4f7dfcf5a66f4bf296358789b13dae43"></a><a name="l4f7dfcf5a66f4bf296358789b13dae43"></a>Description: Gets underlying SELECT command for view, wrapping lines with columns as specified, printing is implied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a64d392b56cb649f18a902641b581f84a">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li620355884114">pg_get_tabledef(table_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p190212194210"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li620355884114"></a><a name="li620355884114"></a>Description: Obtains a table definition based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b16613338184811">table_oid</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p16302155914419">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p9335114144919">Example: Obtain the OID of the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b14441154354316">customer_t2</strong> from the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b54414438437">pg_class</strong>, and then use this function to query the definition of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b544110431439">customer_t2</strong> to obtain the table columns, storage mode (row-store or column-store), and table distribution mode configured for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b184421243164319">customer_t2</strong> when it is created.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__screen182258168501"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'customer_t2'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17353</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_tabledef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">17353</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="n">pg_get_tabledef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">search_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">state_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">state_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">area_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                                         </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_version1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li11740193374818">pg_get_tabledef(table_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p117511936185014"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__li11740193374818"></a><a name="li11740193374818"></a>Description: Obtains a table definition based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b2065953916488">table_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p81771921134214">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p19711141595116">Remarks: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b76351919194817">pg_get_tabledef</strong> reconstructs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b10592122310481">CREATE</strong> statement of the table definition, including the table definition, index information, and comments. Users need to create the dependent objects of the table, such as groups, schemas, tablespaces, and servers. The table definition does not include the statements for creating these dependent objects.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l0b9282a7956c4687a5b3102a75eeae0d">pg_options_to_table(reloptions)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9dd66a1ffc114a388813219ecdc725f5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l0b9282a7956c4687a5b3102a75eeae0d"></a><a name="l0b9282a7956c4687a5b3102a75eeae0d"></a>Description: Gets the set of storage option name/value pairs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae6a2800db404440984db9b978b185fc0">Return type: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a64d9e25f3ad44fdbb8c31227f0a4f92c">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b149521026151318">pg_options_to_table</strong> returns the set of storage option name/value pairs (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b1895311264131">option_name</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b15953226181314">option_value</strong>) when passing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b10953926161314">pg_class.reloptions</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b9953526191317">pg_attribute.attoptions</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l00cf20d806a64bbfb4fd006e4914a320">pg_typeof(any)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa9d370d730e54a5f9502464ba66d2a05"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l00cf20d806a64bbfb4fd006e4914a320"></a><a name="l00cf20d806a64bbfb4fd006e4914a320"></a>Description: Gets the data type of any value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0e214fa5a47f44dcb757a7e837ee670c">Return type: regtype</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a66fe8da2dcbf42b9baf66b6799bc7c7a">Note:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__abd0f72d158d54114bcdbde53aa5bca34"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706143132">pg_typeof</strong> returns the OID of the data type of the value that is passed to it. This can be helpful for troubleshooting or dynamically constructing SQL queries. The function is declared as returning <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706143428">regtype</strong>, which is an OID alias type (see <a href="dws_06_0022.html">Object Identifier Types</a>). This means that it is the same as an OID for comparison purposes but displays as a type name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a09294f2f4de94c1bbba137666490ee25">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s8cc3035b231742758049f8a6048a1db3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_typeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_typeof</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typlen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_typeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typlen</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l48e443836201436d85a4d1bff3cdeda8">collation for (any)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a89670b57ce5048e0b61b9697da895301"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l48e443836201436d85a4d1bff3cdeda8"></a><a name="l48e443836201436d85a4d1bff3cdeda8"></a>Description: Gets the collation of the parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a43b59611ce7c45fea5395edef5980cfa">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a44a172ed2fc841b09e33e89a4f4aa3bc">Note:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7b37bf15372345599759f56408fd5692">The expression <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706143824">collation for</strong> returns the collation of the value that is passed to it. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s249c23054c07414a884b52286fcf8682"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_collation_for</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;default&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad23d2e31228f44ffa239ed46a23d364a">The value might be quoted and schema-qualified. If no collation is derived for the argument expression, then a null value is returned. If the parameter is not of a collectable data type, then an error is thrown.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l035a39aefd7b4065b6710a132c33eb94">getdistributekey(table_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aac44a15c643c45fe9f2dfdff2f6b0721"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l035a39aefd7b4065b6710a132c33eb94"></a><a name="l035a39aefd7b4065b6710a132c33eb94"></a>Description: Gets a distribution column for a hash table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad1f0786281e347a1b0ee0f9b76e4e823">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0059777618_p164795358299">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sf26e1b70d9484ce1b411bb8f315393d6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getdistributekey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'item'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getdistributekey</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_item_sk</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__sd1c5fd62cd4e4f88bcbf84c94fbedcf8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Comment Information Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__u25b79ac512294b7dbba7259c9cf6bfe6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l33fcf6b0b25e4f39a7d59c09ad97b368">col_description(table_oid, column_number)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ac7a5a93eb3864459810002ab01fb2ed1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l33fcf6b0b25e4f39a7d59c09ad97b368"></a><a name="l33fcf6b0b25e4f39a7d59c09ad97b368"></a>Description: Gets comment for a table column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adccf375f557647b18633f6433e9f2937">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9fd5503105a54b8aaeba13f47cdb8d9c">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270615331">col_description</strong> returns the comment for a table column, which is specified by the OID of its table and its column number.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l63f413dc662f4cb8a3a26c417e2dfeea">obj_description(object_oid, catalog_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2ff74e61841742718c5f48db5fe7c61a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l63f413dc662f4cb8a3a26c417e2dfeea"></a><a name="l63f413dc662f4cb8a3a26c417e2dfeea"></a>Description: Gets comment for a database object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8b8b28014cf1460f8aae13fc65274f9e">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a60c6c7364a8d4a19bfca379f662d525e">Note: The two-parameter form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270615728">obj_description</strong> returns the comment for a database object specified by its OID and the name of the containing system catalog. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270615108">obj_description(123456,'pg_class')</strong> would retrieve the comment for the table with OID 123456. The one-parameter form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706101959">obj_description</strong> requires only the object OID.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__adba9a7238fd34e04b6743776bfb5865f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b8423527061545">obj_description</strong> cannot be used for table columns since columns do not have OIDs of their own.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__le921902919174591be5e943a389aa45c">obj_description(object_oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ad5441e26c7f94110a1ba5afe73ae5663"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__le921902919174591be5e943a389aa45c"></a><a name="le921902919174591be5e943a389aa45c"></a>Description: Gets comment for a database object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aae26a4a1037d4794a5001658a1fafcca">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lbe02a3d8cd8847f28e8b8767d360dbcf">shobj_description(object_oid, catalog_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__afc88c98e583e4003a856a0fe3f922c6b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lbe02a3d8cd8847f28e8b8767d360dbcf"></a><a name="lbe02a3d8cd8847f28e8b8767d360dbcf"></a>Description: Gets comment for a shared database object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9a8a228b72814e8cab9aa699138b4f9a">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a66d0379f83694c2f8f5ffcffbe16cc1f">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b842352706151258">shobj_description</strong> is used just like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270615132">obj_description</strong> except the former is used for retrieving comments on shared objects. Some system catalogs are global to all databases within each cluster, and the comments for objects in them are stored globally as well.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__s64d8290548634bab9a23524831e02c94"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Transaction IDs and Snapshots</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a95e2b69436f74673b759b901a8f897e0">The following functions provide server transaction information in an exportable form. The main use of these functions is to determine which transactions were committed between two snapshots.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__u7f10ef0f686a4030b346287fe8b20e95"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld3eedf660f1c442499b7264baf8b5235">pgxc_is_committed(transaction_id)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a6dcb398b6c2d4a24919fa1d98f650824"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ld3eedf660f1c442499b7264baf8b5235"></a><a name="ld3eedf660f1c442499b7264baf8b5235"></a>Description: Determines whether the given XID is committed or ignored. NULL indicates the unknown status (such as running, preparing, and freezing).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a457f4fb0067c4c50881ff794f0995755">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lce53781a84f44436a43a749620d398bc">txid_current()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a9d9f924916744f60aaf74677ffdff20a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lce53781a84f44436a43a749620d398bc"></a><a name="lce53781a84f44436a43a749620d398bc"></a>Description: Gets current transaction ID.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0143fa1bb99c4a72a1e3b1f1b66d5337">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l96461480bea640118940d7113f81c5cb">txid_current_snapshot()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a8421270058a943fd84e5c489e9fe85f5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l96461480bea640118940d7113f81c5cb"></a><a name="l96461480bea640118940d7113f81c5cb"></a>Description: Gets current snapshot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2960421f15ac4d84af4621e668840057">Return type: txid_snapshot</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb2fad956fa4040f199049dc8f8a94901">txid_snapshot_xip(txid_snapshot)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7b25cf0619d94e1593602119daf4d696"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__lb2fad956fa4040f199049dc8f8a94901"></a><a name="lb2fad956fa4040f199049dc8f8a94901"></a>Description: Gets in-progress transaction IDs in snapshot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a82c4adce01164afa851b65e7d5eee6c2">Return type: setof bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l13ca7e3d9b7942b0ab59f8b2def387d8">txid_snapshot_xmax(txid_snapshot)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa972e97432d74f32931bbc172c00741e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l13ca7e3d9b7942b0ab59f8b2def387d8"></a><a name="l13ca7e3d9b7942b0ab59f8b2def387d8"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151929">xmax</strong> of snapshot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__ae470b548033c44c788087cf7a844f86b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l89a175aeac7c485394440a45396b92c7">txid_snapshot_xmin(txid_snapshot)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a2e27849125d84a0db73b6ae787d638cf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l89a175aeac7c485394440a45396b92c7"></a><a name="l89a175aeac7c485394440a45396b92c7"></a>Description: Gets <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706151952">xmin</strong> of snapshot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a74bd4d8f8d1c4388b96e003381dc842b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l3360329d2ec84524be962195f726fd3c">txid_visible_in_snapshot(bigint, txid_snapshot)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4fd3e0c4c00a498eb88a9d4b2d15d9e7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__l3360329d2ec84524be962195f726fd3c"></a><a name="l3360329d2ec84524be962195f726fd3c"></a>Description: Queries whether the transaction ID is visible in snapshot. (do not use with subtransaction ids)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0a6b5ed22cc140ac933191a1db697a19">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__text4499164145913">boolean</span></p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a01a63f48d5ff4d2b8bdbd423e147d13c"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5e8a16bee5b74e76bb2dd7cc15d1f555">The internal transaction ID type (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706152146">xid</strong>) is 32 bits wide and wraps around every 4 billion transactions. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b208951522144910">txid_snapshot</strong>, the data type used by these functions, stores information about transaction ID visibility at a particular moment in time. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__t6c9802fc233b4ac6889195c97de3f1e0">Table 1</a> describes its components.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__t6c9802fc233b4ac6889195c97de3f1e0"></a><a name="t6c9802fc233b4ac6889195c97de3f1e0"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__t6c9802fc233b4ac6889195c97de3f1e0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Snapshot components</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__r81ab9048ef66472daaa26d95cc2061f6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.42%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a45ba43cb6fdd41b487a9f3c8a709622f">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87.58%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a7e2f62c2d6b34beea9d65661ad04a6b5">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__r8a0247ea7d2b44a089d72d59939a71b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.42%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a4ac435a0dd5f43fe8e190296232f1543">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87.58%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a91ff9331c11f466c8719acd9414167e5">Earliest transaction ID (txid) that is still active. All earlier transactions will either be committed and visible, or rolled back.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__r7610250d50f04a0d92ca2bbf68c09a6e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.42%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a5b23a77f5b0e469982aa2ab9ece13f26">xmax</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87.58%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a76b3a3c1d46043b1b653256e359d43d1">First as-yet-unassigned txid. All txids greater than or equal to this are not yet started as of the time of the snapshot, so they are invisible.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__rfabbaa8a49694766bebf1a8d34acd61c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="12.42%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a0eba4f4509b0471cb61385dc1810ea85">xip_list</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="87.58%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__a80681ba8e9c9473da12bffabc709acd7">Active txids at the time of the snapshot. The list includes only those active txids between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270615284">xmin</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b84235270615287">xmax</strong>; there might be active txids higher than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706152813">xmax</strong>. A txid that is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__en-us_topic_0058965770_b84235270615399">xmin &lt;= txid &lt; xmax</strong> and not in this list was already completed at the time of the snapshot, and is either visible or dead according to its commit status. The list does not include txids of subtransactions.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__aa114e6535e2549fa8d8ed4d50f662562"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706154015">txid_snapshot</strong>'s textual representation is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706154020">xmin:xmax:xip_list</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__acd07bf5a5e944fd9a6684c707eff04ac">For example: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706154110">10:20:10,14,15</strong> means <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__b842352706154120">xmin=10, xmax=20, xip_list=10, 14, 15</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__section032211510384"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Computing Node Group Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1311518714402">pv_compute_pool_workload()</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p119236108398">Description: Load status of a computing Node Group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1292841043910">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p1156065554218">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__screen10566455124217"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_compute_pool_workload</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rpinuse</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxrp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodestate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+---------+-------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normal</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normal</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__section10341143819323"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Lock Information Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p169381122184416">pgxc_get_lock_conflicts()</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p10823821123714">Description: Obtains information about conflicting locks in the cluster. When a lock is waiting for another lock or another lock is waiting for it, a lock conflict occurs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990948__p5221314184017">Return type: setof record</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0052.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0052.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25de7144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0052.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910825"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910825"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Administration Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0053.html">Configuration Settings Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0054.html">Universal File Access Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0055.html">Server Signaling Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0056.html">Backup and Restoration Control Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0057.html">Snapshot Synchronization Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0058.html">Database Object Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0059.html">Advisory Lock Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0060.html">Residual File Management Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0061.html">Replication Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0062.html">Other Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0063.html">Resource Management Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0053.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0053.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..923ebf27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0053.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuration Settings Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203303"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__ad6d64ad88a554c0fb7bbe8f44e4af493">Configuration setting functions are used for querying and modifying configuration parameters during running.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__uc80a3be337844b9f8ae9c9e827ba80a0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__l07be723295314a889063297df778a83d">current_setting(setting_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a42901c1a8d324e1dbf3eea8d6a15f6fd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__l07be723295314a889063297df778a83d"></a><a name="l07be723295314a889063297df778a83d"></a>Description: Specifies the current setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a5e3538887a5741d6ba5670eec8b3a0c6">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__aab042ae114884f368acc61acb61a75a5">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__b175441214125810">current_setting</strong> obtains the current setting of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__b1545114135812">setting_name</strong> by query. It is equivalent to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__b84235270617917">SHOW</strong> statement. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__s36b5b281b6bb4586808482f9d98a0912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_setting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'datestyle'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_setting</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ISO</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MDY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__l400e83450c904c0c8440f7d034f96084">set_config(setting_name, new_value, is_local)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__afc9936a0fc5a407d9f891cfaf54df123"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__l400e83450c904c0c8440f7d034f96084"></a><a name="l400e83450c904c0c8440f7d034f96084"></a>Description: Sets the parameter and returns a new value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a9eb6cd963e0f4ce4a6a892adcb5a59f8">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__acc0d83ebf90e4642b66da1d3a9e3a8fc">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a6a9fd082e44c4541a80b043f6bd396a3">set_config</strong> sets the parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a3f63b00d5c404700954cad2937fd61de">setting_name</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a463fc5373f294a8e90961e9af58784cc">new_value</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a0975c43019fc400f92dc90233abed677">is_local</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a510a17b2636a4de6808340ce77a9a4b4">true</strong>, the new value will only apply to the current transaction. If you want the new value to apply for the current session, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a91fe19f8a8654f808ae45b7c9dd721c2">false</strong> instead. The function corresponds to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__a249066f7f5454f148327f587bceef133">SET</strong> statement. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830535__sd80a534eb2b146d6922b0548342a01b5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_config</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'log_statement_stats'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'off'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set_config</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0054.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0054.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fa283de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0054.html
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Universal File Access Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203303"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__afa2707e79aa64b99a7034266c7c7c767">Universal file access functions provide local access interfaces for files on a database server. Only files in the database cluster directory and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b197068484536">log_directory</strong> directory can be accessed. Use a relative path for files in the cluster directory, and a path matching the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b8423527069539">log_directory</strong> configuration setting for log files. Only database system administrators can use these functions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__u41fbdc2711314c11a099fea92b1b8daf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l3417ab04ea8540ba87efa2188babd92a">pg_ls_dir(dirname text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__af8ae488f300248209ad87c05c7db2b69"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l3417ab04ea8540ba87efa2188babd92a"></a><a name="l3417ab04ea8540ba87efa2188babd92a"></a>Description: Lists files in a directory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a2fde045ce0514a0a81c793b896fcb1fb">Return type: setof text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a75aec706d4a6409eba3a7514baebe3f0">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__en-us_topic_0058965547_b8423527069118">pg_ls_dir</strong> returns all the names in the specified directory, except the special entries "." and "..".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__aa59679da6f484d10a511a4f2528d0818">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__s102e4b65b196460fabec822eccf45bac"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ls_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'./'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pg_ls_dir</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_tblspc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_VERSION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ident</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">core</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crt</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_serial</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_twophase</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">lock</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_tmp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_notify</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_subtrans</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ctl</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">lock</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_xlog</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_clog</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_snapshots</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postmaster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">opts</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postmaster</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cipher</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_multixact</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_errorinfo</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_hba</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_replslot</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_hba</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swp</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cacert</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_hba</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">lock</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">global</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l8a2100a5bff5403597b6d84d11d365c8">pg_read_file(filename text, offset bigint, length bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__aa037dc37683a4711b5269d62f2e44edf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l8a2100a5bff5403597b6d84d11d365c8"></a><a name="l8a2100a5bff5403597b6d84d11d365c8"></a>Description: Returns the content of a text file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a44283990c6ca4aac84b0ff7208bf59b7">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__aa485b9c536934c6d83fe9095fa8e540c">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b13486104112349">pg_read_file</strong> returns part of a text file. It can return a maximum of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__i842352697193723">length</em> bytes from <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__i842352697193738">offset</em>. The actual size of fetched data is less than <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__i1367712584193834">length</em> if the end of the file is reached first. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b1472816124361">offset</strong> is negative, it is the length rolled back from the file end. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b84235270691618">offset</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b84235270691622">length</strong> are omitted, the entire file is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__aa0e3083feed34b7bb0b3baa5b716893f">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__sc62a065dd74c4e25b6dee4ab9e055823"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'postmaster.pid'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="n">pg_read_file</span><span class="w">              </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">53078</span><span class="w">                                </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">BigData</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hadoop</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">data1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">coordinator</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1500022474</span><span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">253088000</span><span class="w">                                </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">FusionInsight</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">localhost</span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l4246db84fa1f43b690fc819b0fdd535c">pg_read_binary_file(filename text [, offset bigint, length bigint,missing_ok boolean])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a2f30bc698d204867a5c3ab02234527c8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__l4246db84fa1f43b690fc819b0fdd535c"></a><a name="l4246db84fa1f43b690fc819b0fdd535c"></a>Description: Returns the content of a binary file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a8a8ac39927f94ef6a43690e3c6c9d74c">Return type: bytea</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__ad81cf5dd13ef45a3950850f35be80d03">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b842352706113651">pg_read_binary_file</strong> is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b842352706113655">pg_read_file</strong>, except that the result is a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b84235270611374">bytea</strong> value; accordingly, no encoding checks are performed. In combination with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__en-us_topic_0058965547_b8423527069218">convert_from</strong> function, this function can be used to read a file in a specified encoding:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__sec71bd80ed054d268f5ff950a2b17aee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">convert_from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pg_read_binary_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'UTF8'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__lbbbe4d4bb8bd4f029de39a19060d5d6b">pg_stat_file(filename text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__adc854cc55b964d3b99231daf88a84da5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__lbbbe4d4bb8bd4f029de39a19060d5d6b"></a><a name="lbbbe4d4bb8bd4f029de39a19060d5d6b"></a>Description: Returns status information about a file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a1a99079876024b20b05132940655707f">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__aba04a3e3d20c4ddf9e405a00d015b7a5">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b84235270692256">pg_stat_file</strong> returns a record containing the file size, last access timestamp, last modification timestamp, last file status change timestamp, and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__b84235270692331"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__text1687253615221">boolean</span></strong> value indicating if it is a directory. Typical use cases are as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__s5c41be94c57b45e48b33e200115d7a96"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__sdaacd89b2ac34753a13b9e98d649a0c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pg_stat_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">)).</span><span class="n">modification</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__a279464a1af144051b61101ea08872f05">Examples:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__s2973631a47a345abbd62b1493bc85d01"></div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__s8753d4c6d98f46cc8d2f9e53cfd90c66"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'postmaster.pid'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="k">access</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">modification</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">change</span><span class="w">         </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">creation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isdir</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----------+-------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">117</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830819__s9e53513b4d8941159d386652b6783c59"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pg_stat_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'postmaster.pid'</span><span class="p">)).</span><span class="n">modification</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">modification</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">06</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0055.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0055.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Server Signaling Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203303"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__ab3c76df4dd9a46b18421b9cf63db958b">Server signaling functions send control signals to other server processes. Only system administrators can use these functions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__udf03a0ac54c941f3aff7a343a0ad9687"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__la08c593438244968adcf177bd7eb90b8">pg_cancel_backend(pid int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a24f4393e158b425b8619fadcad990a97"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__la08c593438244968adcf177bd7eb90b8"></a><a name="la08c593438244968adcf177bd7eb90b8"></a>Description: Cancels the current query of a backend.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a88b88c786ca54478a6e50de41df65f15">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__text2262153814228">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a50f3db0649be4b6db67ae1bb30ff5770">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b1958256164212">pg_cancel_backend</strong> sends a query cancellation (SIGINT) signal to the backend process identified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b1558376144213">pid</strong>. The PID of an active backend process can be found in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b256644144215">pid</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b1568114144219">pg_stat_activity</strong> view, or can be found by listing the database process using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b195691741194217">ps</strong> on the server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__l8a8cc7774e0c4b15972d42f31cc50798">pg_reload_conf()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a8030cd1fd9924d8ab4dea65226904f87"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__l8a8cc7774e0c4b15972d42f31cc50798"></a><a name="l8a8cc7774e0c4b15972d42f31cc50798"></a>Description: Causes all server processes to reload their configuration files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a9233563977f9494a8d07be6619b03cf5">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__text563113932217">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__aedf70f8099694647bce97c1fe66325fb">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__b195811718114319">pg_reload_conf</strong> sends a SIGHUP signal to the server. As a result, all server processes reload their configuration files.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__lec7b18995bee472c9ca15b0920402f04">pg_rotate_logfile()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a8e1bd351a2f1403a953f0f1a34077dda"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__lec7b18995bee472c9ca15b0920402f04"></a><a name="lec7b18995bee472c9ca15b0920402f04"></a>Description: Rotates the log files of the server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a144a34a77120453dba66041ba4d255b0">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__text13720153914223">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__ad6aaeea684a24c5e933a54c7973388be">Note: pg_rotate_logfile instructs the log file manager to immediately switch to a new output file. This function is valid only if the built-in log collector is running.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__l091c981c5102454f98fbd9322ded0b2e">pg_terminate_backend(pid int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a2e68e08159724faca7f3e02d03e9cb2d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__l091c981c5102454f98fbd9322ded0b2e"></a><a name="l091c981c5102454f98fbd9322ded0b2e"></a>Description: Terminates a backend thread.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__a6af214970f8543fe841d4899bfa8846e">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__text194733409227">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__afa2110743644447296904353e1763095">Note: Each of these functions returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__en-us_topic_0058965547_b84235270692911">true</strong> if they are successful and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__en-us_topic_0058965547_b84235270692917">false</strong> otherwise.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__p1502193720110">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710791__screen1432915151118"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_activity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140657876268816</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433774061312</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433587902208</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433656592128</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433723717376</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433637189376</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433552770816</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433481983744</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">140433349310208</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_terminate_backend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">140657876268816</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_terminate_backend</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0056.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0056.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Backup and Restoration Control Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203303"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__s91120be7b8d249ce95040c1b55c9f08e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Backup Control Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a6fd05cf43b324559b1722eeacde9f810">Backup control functions help online backup.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__u61068aa1bc244a848469f7f90301ab60"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l282908a61016402e869680532301cb49">pg_create_restore_point(name text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__aa42dd9aa1f5e4353861d28c6f1f8ad74"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l282908a61016402e869680532301cb49"></a><a name="l282908a61016402e869680532301cb49"></a>Description: Creates a named point for performing the restore operation (restricted to system administrators).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__afdd125b250304cef8399cc89bbb1ad0c">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__acb73f60ea1794570bdedb3d560bea9c4">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__en-us_topic_0058965547_b8423527069582">pg_create_restore_point</strong> creates a named transaction log record that can be used as a restoration target, and returns the corresponding transaction log location. The given name can then be used with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__en-us_topic_0058965547_b842352706114137">recovery_target_name</strong> to specify the point up to which restoration will proceed. Avoid creating multiple restoration points with the same name, since restoration will stop at the first one whose name matches the restoration target.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l9428d6ea73ef466a9d94dc90ca95e2f0">pg_current_xlog_location()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a43331ed17c3d4a4b8d4fea04457c58d9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l9428d6ea73ef466a9d94dc90ca95e2f0"></a><a name="l9428d6ea73ef466a9d94dc90ca95e2f0"></a>Description: Obtains the write position of the current transaction log.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a2ec56da05b6f494f8b0ff5a32b704482">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__abdb54a148b734bc69268e68f91ee7e09">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b155801751132713">pg_current_xlog_location</strong> displays the write position of the current transaction log in the same format as those of the previous functions. Read-only operations do not require rights of the system administrator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ldee16ca5919c4d0490172497bc701073">pg_current_xlog_insert_location()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a43e39113e176446786574e520ffb39cb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ldee16ca5919c4d0490172497bc701073"></a><a name="ldee16ca5919c4d0490172497bc701073"></a>Description: Obtains the insert position of the current transaction log.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a75e0e009222d439391db369c6fcea610">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a3e4a79118fa946ee84934de67c22cc43">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__en-us_topic_0058965547_b842352706105949">pg_current_xlog_insert_location</strong> displays the insert position of the current transaction log. The insertion point is the logical end of the transaction log at any instant, while the write location is the end of what has been written out from the server's internal buffers. The write position is the end that can be detected externally from the server. This operation can be performed to archive only some of completed transaction log files. The insert position is mainly used for commissioning the server. Read-only operations do not require rights of the system administrator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l25e071a1abe94847b9b5fbcba6c1a5a5">pg_start_backup(label text [, fast boolean ])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__afbf5e69f32164b0a849e77092cb1bcb3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l25e071a1abe94847b9b5fbcba6c1a5a5"></a><a name="l25e071a1abe94847b9b5fbcba6c1a5a5"></a>Description: Starts executing online backup (restricted to system administrators or replication roles).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a547609e1fe45437d9891fa6e3fca0c83">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__adc1560808c7d41b68fc33e4d8f51dd4a">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b66811350306">pg_start_backup</strong> receives a user-defined backup label (usually the name of the position where the backup dump file is stored). This function writes a backup label file to the data directory of the database cluster and then returns the starting position of backed up transaction logs in text mode.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__s50eae18c25e04412a2083860b7f6dadb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_start_backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'label_goes_here'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_start_backup</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3000020</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__labdb609f763d4b7ab5a43e2820d812f2">pg_stop_backup()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a3fa6a239d70e4864a3b347dd9d59bc95"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__labdb609f763d4b7ab5a43e2820d812f2"></a><a name="labdb609f763d4b7ab5a43e2820d812f2"></a>Description: Completes online backup (restricted to system administrators or replication roles).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a5762498ed4b7444dbdd56c343210fde9">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a44839471a1294fcf932fbdd1a4f5954b">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b13708172723114">pg_stop_backup</strong> deletes the label file created by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b67091827143119">pg_start_backup</strong> and creates a backup history file in the transaction log archive area. The history file includes the label given to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b84235270695122">pg_start_backup</strong>, the starting and ending transaction log locations for the backup, and the starting and ending times of the backup. The return value is the backup's ending transaction log location. After the ending position is calculated, the insert position of the current transaction log automatically goes ahead to the next transaction log file. This way, the ended transaction log file can be immediately archived so that backup is complete.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lac3db30891634379a27d546801154714">pg_switch_xlog()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a5c16c2e3e6d04890882bcda4aa502b08"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lac3db30891634379a27d546801154714"></a><a name="lac3db30891634379a27d546801154714"></a>Description: Switches to a new transaction log file (restricted to system administrators).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a319ee323815e40d99b5bc21fc0113d2e">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ada2a9a1e5ec34933bbaeca6314205b81">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b1293923103714">pg_switch_xlog</strong> moves to the next transaction log file so that the current log file can be archived (if continuous archive is used). The return value is the ending transaction log location + 1 within the just-completed transaction log file. If there has been no transaction log activity since the last transaction log switchover, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b842352706113910">pg_switch_xlog</strong> will do nothing but return the start location of the transaction log file currently in use.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l30c1d727995745c8a0cfecdeddcb52d5">pg_xlogfile_name(location text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__aafdebe38aa6544349177e70a85791762"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l30c1d727995745c8a0cfecdeddcb52d5"></a><a name="l30c1d727995745c8a0cfecdeddcb52d5"></a>Description: Converts the position string in a transaction log to a file name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a9dc0e92f48a245aa868cd84b65f1072f">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a3231297a16e3499e9643da08704af6d9">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b842352706101427">pg_xlogfile_name</strong> extracts only the transaction log file name. If the given transaction log position is the transaction log file border, a transaction log file name will be returned for both the two functions. This is usually the desired behavior for managing transaction log archiving, since the preceding file is the last one that currently needs to be archived.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l43f81c7aa9e04f98965b2e13c70e6175">pg_xlogfile_name_offset(location text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a55ddabb032434706b9f68ceeba2153a5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l43f81c7aa9e04f98965b2e13c70e6175"></a><a name="l43f81c7aa9e04f98965b2e13c70e6175"></a>Description: Converts the position string in a transaction log to a file name and returns the byte offset in the file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a9c9e770e881c476a982d376163b7f535">Return type: text, integer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a99c667f0e9a64641983dbcbf87bdb544">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b11753555123911">pg_xlogfile_name_offset</strong> can extract transaction log file names and byte offsets from the returned results of the preceding functions. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__sdff39299c2d142b79de3dbe6a3ec9a0c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_xlogfile_name_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pg_stop_backup</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">pg_stop_backup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cleanup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">done</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">waiting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">required</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">segments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">archived</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">pg_stop_backup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complete</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">required</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">segments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">been</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">archived</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">file_name</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file_offset</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------+-------------</span>
+<span class="mi">000000010000000000000003</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">272</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l5c00aaa39aa441e58ae36f5638de4acb">pg_xlog_location_diff(location text, location text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a5e59d8a450d84b26a741df11afe9a673"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l5c00aaa39aa441e58ae36f5638de4acb"></a><a name="l5c00aaa39aa441e58ae36f5638de4acb"></a>Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b842352706101913">pg_xlog_location_diff</strong> calculates the difference in bytes between two transaction log locations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__abf03b4aacfcb4299982e469ebafee3c6">Return type: numeric</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li67515412472">pg_cbm_tracked_location()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1877918364817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li67515412472"></a><a name="li67515412472"></a>Description: Queries for the LSN location parsed by CBM.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p35471354184817">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1869321212504">pg_cbm_get_merged_file(startLSNArg text, endLSNArg text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p07861161512"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1869321212504"></a><a name="li1869321212504"></a>Description: Combines CBM files within the specified LSN range into one and returns the name of the combined file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p14621105945018">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li183775201413">pg_cbm_get_changed_block(startLSNArg text, endLSNArg text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p4766921449"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li183775201413"></a><a name="li183775201413"></a>Description: Combines CBM files within the specified LSN range into a table and return records of this table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p595311233181">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p12957823121819">Note: The table columns include the start LSN, end LSN, tablespace OID, database OID, table relfilenode, table fork number, whether the table is deleted, whether the table is created, whether the table is truncated, number of pages in the truncated table, number of modified pages, and list of No. of modified pages.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li43281611185319">pg_cbm_recycle_file(slotName name, targetLSNArg text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p5401348105512"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li43281611185319"></a><a name="li43281611185319"></a>Description: Deletes the CBM files that are no longer used and returns the first LSN after the deletion. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b108701417545">slotName</strong> is empty, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b2044544916380">targetLSNArg</strong> is used as the recycling point. During backup and DR, you need to specify a slot name due to parallelism. Record the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b204371513175613">targetLSNArg</strong> value of the task to the slot, traverse all backup slots, and find the smallest LSN as the recycling point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1410112820551">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li14348161912212">pg_cbm_force_track(targetLSNArg text,timeOut int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p2040213547229"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li14348161912212"></a><a name="li14348161912212"></a>Description: Forcibly executes the CBM trace to the specified Xlog position and returns the Xlog position of the actual trace end point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p43092569222">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li582110580478">pg_enable_delay_ddl_recycle()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1455531364817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li582110580478"></a><a name="li582110580478"></a>Description: Enables DDL delay and returns the Xlog position of the enabling point.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p35188195019">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1093128184814">pg_disable_delay_ddl_recycle(barrierLSNArg text, isForce bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p149285717483"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1093128184814"></a><a name="li1093128184814"></a>Description: Disables DDL delay and returns the Xlog range where DDL delay takes effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p7443141114197">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1434114121916">pg_enable_delay_xlog_recycle()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p105951017151918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1434114121916"></a><a name="li1434114121916"></a>Description: Enables Xlog recycle delay.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1632451011505">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li38527104920">pg_disable_delay_xlog_recycle()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p131151650151919"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li38527104920"></a><a name="li38527104920"></a>Description: Disables Xlog recycle delay.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p11437164934920">Return type: void</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ul10760210604"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1951019134111">pgxc_get_senders_catchup_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p45793201410"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1951019134111"></a><a name="li1951019134111"></a>Description: Displays the catchup information of the currently active primary/standby instance sending thread on all DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p116141933214">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1471152413612">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__table3481051182" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>pgxc_get_senders_catchup_time() columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row2491351889"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p72131035989">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p42131035588">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p9213435488">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1849151982"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1621423519814">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p192141935184">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1921414355815">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row6503519812"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1221410355811">lwpid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p92157359810">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p152156351889">Current sender lwpid</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row05013512817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p62158351486">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p421518354819">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1221543517816">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1550151583"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1721615351487">peer_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p19216173512818">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p15216193518813">Peer role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row55185188"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1321653512817">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p82161235285">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1121610351482">Current sender's replication status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row5517514820"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p42176359811">sender</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p162179357816">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p521718354814">Current sender type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row115111516817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1821783510811">catchup_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p821712354815">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p152177351289">Startup time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1438592417817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p821843517810">catchup_end</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p18218143518810">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p92187351885">End time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1830132344213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p13471017184719">catchup_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p3482017134713">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p448181719474">Catchup task type, full or incremental</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row43912820420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1104181815477">catchup_bcm_filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p10104101819473">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p3104171854710">BCM file executed by the current catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row15651122920422"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p182552019154718">catchup_bcm_finished</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p14255111917477">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p12551219114712">Number of BCM files completed by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row74309302421"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p825562118474">catchup_bcm_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p92553218470">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p15255202174716">Total number of BCM files to be operated by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row122101631124218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p8114133165010">catchup_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p11114173335010">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p19114333165018">Completion percentage of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row79785314423"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p856734195018">catchup_remaining_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1156534115019">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.2.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p656143415500">Estimated remaining time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__sa2aabe36eb8949cfac42cdd48e29cd78"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Restoration Control Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a78194911c99d466594d0111564a28271">Restoration control functions provide information about the status of standby nodes. These functions may be executed both during restoration and in normal running.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__u82680dd4deb3412189289a7470f20cde"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l075959ec6e174dec83152baff1133bea">pg_is_in_recovery()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a99624fe7402e48daab7a1543dc5eb076"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l075959ec6e174dec83152baff1133bea"></a><a name="l075959ec6e174dec83152baff1133bea"></a>Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b84235270611159">true</strong> if restoration is still in progress.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a79ffc5365c92480cbe1e4ead688929c8">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lbca69841cd134cbb900ad44d61d6139e">pg_last_xlog_receive_location()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ab34d44ea7e364aabaf8f66758ef723f1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lbca69841cd134cbb900ad44d61d6139e"></a><a name="lbca69841cd134cbb900ad44d61d6139e"></a>Description: Gets the last transaction log location received and synchronized to disk by streaming replication. While streaming replication is in progress, this will increase monotonically. If restoration has completed, then this value will remain static at the value of the last WAL record received and synchronized to disk during restoration. If streaming replication is disabled or if not yet started, the function return will return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b1670043417517">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a618391292845413fa1cd400a4e94b8f4">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lbc5f9b045f504ddc945908b50977af9e">pg_last_xlog_replay_location()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ac20564e980404254aae62259bf241ada"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lbc5f9b045f504ddc945908b50977af9e"></a><a name="lbc5f9b045f504ddc945908b50977af9e"></a>Description: Gets last transaction log location replayed during restoration. If restoration is still in progress, this will increase monotonically. If restoration has completed, then this value will remain static at the value of the last WAL record received during that restoration. When the server has been started normally without restoration, the function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b16534627175315">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__aeb86eb9c9a1b41558665401b14391c78">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l1e28cb3f7c6f4a20a54f232ad70bc158">pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__adac9b704ead948099000b3a9947c881b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l1e28cb3f7c6f4a20a54f232ad70bc158"></a><a name="l1e28cb3f7c6f4a20a54f232ad70bc158"></a>Description: Gets the timestamp of last transaction replayed during restoration. This is the time to commit a transaction or abort a WAL record on the primary node. If no transactions have been replayed during restoration, this function will return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b3673144817419">NULL</strong>. Otherwise, if restoration is still in progress, this will increase monotonically. If restoration has completed, then this value will remain static at the value of the last WAL record received during that restoration. If the server normally starts without manual intervention, this function will return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b2852122912517">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a5d75db999ca143e4a9fe4f3e6d98f4c7">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a25f8c5f34c5d4210b50e9ffb8c7b4a5b">Restoration control functions control restoration processes. These functions may be executed only during restoration.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__u755b241ce407434ba233b294c03c84d7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lc703f9edf46846efafb17beaa52560d1">pg_is_xlog_replay_paused()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a40abd55ed15546539630f3a2ca15b283"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__lc703f9edf46846efafb17beaa52560d1"></a><a name="lc703f9edf46846efafb17beaa52560d1"></a>Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b84235270611241">true</strong> if restoration is paused.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a1d64b941954a4b92b3c1264e74f3d6cf">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l19c2dcdd3feb4942a58ff698718a57f0">pg_xlog_replay_pause()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__aef4dfdc3d47048f391a0492a7cf05663"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__l19c2dcdd3feb4942a58ff698718a57f0"></a><a name="l19c2dcdd3feb4942a58ff698718a57f0"></a>Description: Pauses restoration immediately.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a0ea211e6c6b646349804cbaf619f28b5">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ld314874a25fb4d87ae95b421ba3ece46">pg_xlog_replay_resume()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a1168c62387a64a7f9ef00527c4a0bded"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ld314874a25fb4d87ae95b421ba3ece46"></a><a name="ld314874a25fb4d87ae95b421ba3ece46"></a>Description: Restarts restoration if it was paused.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__aae2266dfd4fc4df58e3000f709c100ba">Return type: void</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__a77cf5addb9434d4384e3a63e4401132a">While restoration is paused, no further database changes are applied. In hot standby mode, all new queries will see the same consistent snapshot of the database, and no further query conflicts will be generated until restoration is resumed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__abacae368b0e4445c944b6486b7277586">If streaming replication is disabled, the paused state may continue indefinitely without problem. While streaming replication is in progress, WAL records will continue to be received, which will eventually fill available disk space. This progress depends on the duration of the pause, the rate of WAL generation, and available disk space.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__ul10852812144517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li13662114119458">pg_xlog_replay_completion()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1466274119455"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li13662114119458"></a><a name="li13662114119458"></a>Description: Displays the progress of xlog redo on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1420071505816">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p14662134115452">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__table3134174817461" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>pg_xlog_replay_completion() columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row14135248104614"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1135248124618">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p113518483461">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p191354487467">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1213514487464"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p185613184813">replay_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p656114154814">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p556119164813">Start LSN of xlog redo</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row121351948114612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p11561131184811">replay_current</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p17561151124816">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1956112116488">LSN of the current replay of xlog redo</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row313544817466"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p35611219486">replay_end</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p2561141174814">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1656119112484">Maximum LSN that requires xlog redo</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row9135184817461"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p8561119489">replay_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p756131124812">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.1.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p15612112487">Completion percentage of xlog redo</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li12915114584520">pg_data_sync_from_dummy_completion()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p17915194517459"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li12915114584520"></a><a name="li12915114584520"></a>Description: Displays the progress of data page file synchronization during the failover on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1762213245915">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p11939201184918">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__table1593921104918" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>pg_data_sync_from_dummy_completion() columns</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1593971115495"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p13939151144911">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p8939611194910">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1939121174915">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row1693941144915"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1328815568490">start_index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1828895614911">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p20288956154918">Start LSN of data page file synchronization</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row209402114497"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p102881356124911">current_index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p5288165619493">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p32887563496">Current LSN of data page file synchronization</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row994071119495"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p9288165618492">total_index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p13288125611490">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p3289656134916">Maximum LSN of data page file synchronization</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__row16940141117494"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p122892560494">sync_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p182891565493">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.2.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p112891556184912">Completion percentage of data page files</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li13850111718121">gs_roach_stop_backup(backupid text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p685081781217"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li13850111718121"></a><a name="li13850111718121"></a>Description: Stops a backup started by the internal backup tool GaussRoach and returns the position where the current log is inserted. This function is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b12963020193817">pg_stop_backup</strong>, but is more lightweight.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p685021721213">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li142912191123">gs_roach_enable_delay_ddl_recycle(backupid name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p9429219171214"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li142912191123"></a><a name="li142912191123"></a>Description: Enables DDL delay and returns the log position of the enabling point. This function is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b3289144974914">pg_enable_delay_ddl_recycle</strong>, but is more lightweight. In addition, this function allows you to enable DDL delay for multiple backups.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p142951931220">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1736842011219">gs_roach_disable_delay_ddl_recycle(backupid text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p19995639201414"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1736842011219"></a><a name="li1736842011219"></a>Description: Disables DDL delay, returns the logs for which DDL delay takes effect, and deletes the physical files of the column-store tables that have been deleted by the user. This function is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b2037133020107">pg_enable_delay_ddl_recycle</strong>, but is more lightweight. In addition, this function allows you to disable DDL delay for multiple backups.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p11368142021213">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1334812161215">gs_roach_switch_xlog(request_ckpt bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p334892131218"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1334812161215"></a><a name="li1334812161215"></a>Description: Switches the currently used log segment file and returns the position of the segment log. If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b1224563971417">request_ckpt</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b7140154214144">true</strong>, a full check point is triggered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p7348162118127">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1574682214128">pg_resume_bkp_flag(backupid name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p1074642215126"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__li1574682214128"></a><a name="li1574682214128"></a>Description: Resumes the delay xlog flag from a specified backup and returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b498762911196">start_backup_flag boolean</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b11274935151918">to_delay boolean</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b11706154118190">ddl_delay_recycle_ptr text</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__b13402124671916">rewind_time text</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510895__p67465228123">Return type: record</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0057.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0057.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b53a5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0057.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Snapshot Synchronization Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203303"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a8cc6bf3115a84afbbe3b9c13c86ffc5f">Snapshot synchronization functions save the current snapshot and return its identifier.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a437a29b4e5444c8eae9da50446cac980">pg_export_snapshot()</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a9009939536a6419ab0afefae3c273c78">Description: Saves the current snapshot and returns its identifier.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a96295710da0c4015b209a4611b363e4b">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a9b31fe7cd6dd4899814fc338ec2f84cf">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__a7c9631cc780d4a3188f94584aaac9e2a">pg_export_snapshot</strong> saves the current snapshot and returns a text string identifying the snapshot. This string must be passed to clients that want to import the snapshot. A snapshot can be imported when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__b842352706161427">set transaction snapshot snapshot_id;</strong> command is executed. Doing so is possible only when the transaction is set to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__b19360124865215">REPEATABLE READ</strong> isolation level. The output of the function cannot be used as the input of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990898__b842352706144826">set transaction snapshot</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0058.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0058.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..033b01b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0058.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Database Object Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203304"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__sb24151ede6b344a5b74cd8063aeb7016"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Database Object Size Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aaee277591227423fb6bbcb7e402014ac">Database object size functions calculate the actual disk space used by database objects.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__u4945ddcafdc64e878699da5c6de82a23"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__le46636976f2c43b3ae0f90dc56d2ac36">pg_column_size(any)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aac6e660f56764ccbbfa16111eda556d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__le46636976f2c43b3ae0f90dc56d2ac36"></a><a name="le46636976f2c43b3ae0f90dc56d2ac36"></a>Description: Specifies the number of bytes used to store a particular value (possibly compressed).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a31a1e8dd2eb548ddbff14e082d879016">Return type: int</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a975d7c142da24eae93a5bb72908b6df8">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706111736">pg_column_size</strong> displays the space for storing an independent data value.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__s0e44c94b77fe44e89fcf92089e5ccf68"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_column_size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_column_size</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lbf0d24b97335405aad750fe00ba9a7de">pg_database_size(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a468b89ddea2e433a86aac31fd9b9ad0b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lbf0d24b97335405aad750fe00ba9a7de"></a><a name="lbf0d24b97335405aad750fe00ba9a7de"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the database with the specified OID.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a02a1a82df63944138cb6e43fca5ab96b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lfd18b3b53ea940fda4bf50ac648ef138">pg_database_size(name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ad90e375c29bd4294acac9ef273920641"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lfd18b3b53ea940fda4bf50ac648ef138"></a><a name="lfd18b3b53ea940fda4bf50ac648ef138"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the database with the specified name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ab6fe1ec740994329aaaa6f69312c8651">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a745e30b874114f2abbbd3df9ac8feca2">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__en-us_topic_0058965547_b84235270611180">pg_database_size</strong> receives the OID or name of a database and returns the disk space used by the corresponding object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ad25fe4c172c9471da2a5ce7e48ca46b8">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__sed0d9ecf8c7246f49210581dfd6f9266"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_database_size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_database_size</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">51590112</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l84b003e407064991a46a68b85972572b">pg_relation_size(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a294766ef27b748888330492d6f45bdb6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l84b003e407064991a46a68b85972572b"></a><a name="l84b003e407064991a46a68b85972572b"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the table with a specified OID or index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a6e5262617ab84a9fbcedbc8241900205">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__li17524103519191">get_db_source_datasize()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__p210912510197"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__li17524103519191"></a><a name="li17524103519191"></a>Description: Estimates the total size of non-compressed data in the current database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__p21096258193">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__p9109102510191">Note: (1) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b84235270619633">ANALYZE</strong> must be performed before this function is called. (2) Calculate the total size of non-compressed data by estimating the compression rate of column-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__p1810952531919">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__screen14971319192417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">analyze</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_db_source_datasize</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_db_source_datasize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">35384925667</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l81d3f715f62f4537862ab11ef88cd15a">pg_relation_size(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a090f49da938349e088e9693bdb593658"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l81d3f715f62f4537862ab11ef88cd15a"></a><a name="l81d3f715f62f4537862ab11ef88cd15a"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the table with a specified name or index. The table name can be schema-qualified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__acce0ad5bc0e1489999be91de754d4ac2">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lfc165a7ccff5465b84a92bc6d40d0d7e">pg_relation_size(relation regclass, fork text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ad87008d13de5492a9b99f60c12e21469"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lfc165a7ccff5465b84a92bc6d40d0d7e"></a><a name="lfc165a7ccff5465b84a92bc6d40d0d7e"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the specified bifurcating tree ('main', 'fsm', or 'vm') of a certain table or index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a448f438f84014df8b2e2cd681be1c4f1">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__la74e245ecce0406380c052d7c04a9e8c">pg_relation_size(relation regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a8c104e0320c945c391a126d7b74e9f5c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__la74e245ecce0406380c052d7c04a9e8c"></a><a name="la74e245ecce0406380c052d7c04a9e8c"></a>Description: Is an abbreviation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b16329132895017">pg_relation_size(..., 'main')</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a8cae5a23799c4085a49fbad40eab4b84">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ae66fd4876a744ed1892bd2e805fe481e">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706111859">pg_relation_size</strong> receives the OID or name of a table, index, or compressed table, and returns the size.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l9d8888f00fe14ce89cae70d86f1f5260">pg_partition_size(oid,oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aad83715f59604f28b2654c27acc2774b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l9d8888f00fe14ce89cae70d86f1f5260"></a><a name="l9d8888f00fe14ce89cae70d86f1f5260"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the partition with a specified OID. The first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b15448614515">oid</strong> is the OID of the table and the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b141931035113">oid</strong> is the OID of the partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aff2154382b854625ada1e49d966c7f13">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l419d6fe096d9455b948dc46caa637e14">pg_partition_size(text, text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aabe8e7db6f704ee6a6f64be8519bdefb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l419d6fe096d9455b948dc46caa637e14"></a><a name="l419d6fe096d9455b948dc46caa637e14"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the partition with a specified name. The first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b12551489525">text</strong> is the table name and the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b502133529">text</strong> is the partition name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ab69479fd3f544e07893c783b0d37683b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l20b014c26395422182a3c99feda57701">pg_partition_indexes_size(oid,oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a3f60855c70ab46a9a34c03deb6eecd10"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l20b014c26395422182a3c99feda57701"></a><a name="l20b014c26395422182a3c99feda57701"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the index of the partition with a specified OID. The first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b71492267521">oid</strong> is the OID of the table and the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b16150182615526">oid</strong> is the OID of the partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a16f80c96d5ed4e7abb1980aacfb7fd59">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ld2a65a89c9054c3aba790fb4f7f52012">pg_partition_indexes_size(text,text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a989d7095a3a0408aa50bcc6a8fc6b509"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ld2a65a89c9054c3aba790fb4f7f52012"></a><a name="ld2a65a89c9054c3aba790fb4f7f52012"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the index of the partition with a specified name. The first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b14382553115213">text</strong> is the table name and the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b16384165316522">text</strong> is the partition name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a4170ff92660246fdba03cacc6b02bc2b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l25bbe89de812464cadd003e344f7a9d5">pg_indexes_size(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a54aa4a7bbee54e7aada7afc8092dbb37"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l25bbe89de812464cadd003e344f7a9d5"></a><a name="l25bbe89de812464cadd003e344f7a9d5"></a>Description: Specifies the total disk space used by the index appended to the specified table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a3a6a4e3b35454b0bbeaae78bd7f4554f">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lc3178bd8b1564d87bdd5e01ca47714a7">pg_size_pretty(bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a2891d6c3b88b4a4c8dffbc6f2b8c78d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lc3178bd8b1564d87bdd5e01ca47714a7"></a><a name="lc3178bd8b1564d87bdd5e01ca47714a7"></a>Description: Converts the calculated byte size into a size readable to human beings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a4f13374133ac4050834cb0768c5b3fa3">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l739b4155452140a19876b38a4fc8c442">pg_size_pretty(numeric)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a67978263329444b8a010e41a88938279"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l739b4155452140a19876b38a4fc8c442"></a><a name="l739b4155452140a19876b38a4fc8c442"></a>Description: Converts the calculated byte size indicated by a numeral into a size readable to human beings.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ac2e566935c8b409597d4a5c9db6c27f2">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__aaa358b6179194e1384089ff9a26a8a10">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706112013">pg_size_pretty</strong> formats the results of other functions into a human-readable format. KB/MB/GB/TB can be used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l52bab23d1d044feeb975280de4990dd1">pg_table_size(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ad046ecbdb22942f6ba79661d280fd286"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l52bab23d1d044feeb975280de4990dd1"></a><a name="l52bab23d1d044feeb975280de4990dd1"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the specified table, excluding indexes (but including TOAST, free space mapping, and visibility mapping).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a019f9f9f5b664624b9d3f6ba112e048d">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ldb06fb74ee344941beac28f5b1eedec2">pg_total_relation_size(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a1cb0f0b0e65949aeb760a5d84fd96dd5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ldb06fb74ee344941beac28f5b1eedec2"></a><a name="ldb06fb74ee344941beac28f5b1eedec2"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the table with a specified OID, including the index and the compressed data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a3ddf029c502143da8f4b9884047aebf9">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lf22100b4dfd8495789e23701250df208">pg_total_relation_size(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a7560858b96fc4be0bea566e8f0c6dcfd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lf22100b4dfd8495789e23701250df208"></a><a name="lf22100b4dfd8495789e23701250df208"></a>Description: Specifies the total disk space used by the specified table, including all indexes and TOAST data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ade7c6651990d48898077a6983ebb1cbf">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l0fb2ac1785a0483aa2c38934cfc6b098">pg_total_relation_size(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a7e4e36f9265242ab9c4b36191120ef44"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l0fb2ac1785a0483aa2c38934cfc6b098"></a><a name="l0fb2ac1785a0483aa2c38934cfc6b098"></a>Description: Specifies the disk space used by the table with a specified name, including the index and the compressed data. The table name can be schema-qualified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a193de2485a834bd782d45f015c927c76">Return type: bigint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ab15fff7915324bbabcc889b2368a36bc">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b8423527062020">pg_total_relation_size</strong> receives the OID or name of a table or a compressed table, and returns the sizes of the data, related indexes, and the compressed table in bytes.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__s7031ed06ef834ecc843ba39f48ae145f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Database Object Position Functions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__ue88017ba18b44309b65fa915f3ba8ad4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lac3234ee8f734b7c82f8d5fb60074fe0">pg_relation_filenode(relation regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a4b0fd600cb1a4cd483b71997841aacf3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__lac3234ee8f734b7c82f8d5fb60074fe0"></a><a name="lac3234ee8f734b7c82f8d5fb60074fe0"></a>Description: Specifies the ID of a filenode with the specified relationship.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a306a46f7d018474caf7ddcc9370402fc">Return type: oid</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a824e687d8c0b4f5eb1d6cf65c06e050d">Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706112144">pg_relation_filenode</strong> receives the OID or name of a table, index, sequence, or compressed table, and returns the filenode number allocated to it. The filenode is the basic component of the file name used by the relationship. For most tables, the result is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b821619511363">pg_class.relfilenode</strong>. For the specified system directory, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706103326">relfilenode</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706103331">0</strong> and this function must be used to obtain the correct value. If a relationship that is not stored is transmitted, such as a view, this function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b185968212916">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l627fbe316b3449eea9323761c33c7571">pg_relation_filepath(relation regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a39f002f73bfc42a59730aee5de1b879c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__l627fbe316b3449eea9323761c33c7571"></a><a name="l627fbe316b3449eea9323761c33c7571"></a>Description: Specifies the name of a file path with the specified relationship.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a3bf0e902aabc47feb2235a9ccfb76001">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__a151f2d3500074540bdb2e24f9dbe7d01">Description: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706112154">pg_relation_filepath</strong> is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b842352706112157">pg_relation_filenode</strong>, except that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b84235270611223">pg_relation_filepath</strong> returns the whole file path name for the relationship (relative to the data directory <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671154__b103964271107">PGDATA</strong> of the database cluster).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Advisory Lock Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203304"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__acc7b359026004593892769d9af6ad1a7">Advisory lock functions manage advisory locks. These functions are only for internal use currently.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__u3d4aa49f2a234787b5689b6d8dd90e75"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l68b468958ca54ad2b625963c91b39686">pg_advisory_lock(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a04155deb3fd54bb691123d566a74854a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l68b468958ca54ad2b625963c91b39686"></a><a name="l68b468958ca54ad2b625963c91b39686"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__afcfbc656c7064b7980f342d551b92fbd">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad29cea6f501b46f891b74d47dcc06984">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b842352706112231">pg_advisory_lock</strong> locks resources defined by an application. The resources can be identified using a 64-bit or two nonoverlapped 32-bit key values. If another session locks the resources, the function blocks the resources until they can be used. The lock is exclusive. Multiple locking requests are pushed into the stack. Therefore, if the same resource is locked three times, it must be unlocked three times so that it is released to another session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l397f6a07c8ea44c19643cfd75d7f83b2">pg_advisory_lock(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad246a331342e45eca58743dddf6747c8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l397f6a07c8ea44c19643cfd75d7f83b2"></a><a name="l397f6a07c8ea44c19643cfd75d7f83b2"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a9675410a74744830a2c15ed4f4ff5740">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__la87007421c134940afcd4c3782e9abcd">pg_advisory_lock_shared(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a2a695f3cde9e4babb8953fe46058fc52"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__la87007421c134940afcd4c3782e9abcd"></a><a name="la87007421c134940afcd4c3782e9abcd"></a>Description: Obtains a shared session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a71e45ec325ac44ba806f7a566e6c1c97">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ledfaee902e0a4f03a240465a48c4f82c">pg_advisory_lock_shared(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__af93fb04231bf4438a80ed257dc6352c9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ledfaee902e0a4f03a240465a48c4f82c"></a><a name="ledfaee902e0a4f03a240465a48c4f82c"></a>Description: Obtains a shared session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ade4464f51efc496ba54058dc480559f6">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__afd3cad5b52154ba289cb2c47d777fd7e">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad669ab0a70bc48609f2fab99de31373f">pg_advisory_lock_shared</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a6bc16755ba36426a978eea196afb6de3">pg_advisory_lock</strong>, except the lock can be shared with other sessions requesting shared locks. Only would-be exclusive lockers are locked out.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l1c3d5a1e11934291ab5fe3641d947549">pg_advisory_unlock(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a89e439543d49499b99824574f1eacbd4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l1c3d5a1e11934291ab5fe3641d947549"></a><a name="l1c3d5a1e11934291ab5fe3641d947549"></a>Description: Releases an exclusive session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad0063edfe8664fd49245bb6c1313ca48">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text5168464227">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lceb165e0ff6c446fbc3fd1902f1da893">pg_advisory_unlock(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a6e5f4c71f3034443a304af16b088f2e5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lceb165e0ff6c446fbc3fd1902f1da893"></a><a name="lceb165e0ff6c446fbc3fd1902f1da893"></a>Description: Releases an exclusive session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__adfcd8d0e05fd4071a9607299b0442e33">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text676504619222">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae449733192324bc187c633daf83fc959">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b19940194117225">pg_advisory_unlock</strong> releases the obtained exclusive advisory lock. If the release is successful, the function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b13760195518227">true</strong>. If the lock was not held, it will return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b842352706141627">false</strong>. In addition, a SQL warning will be reported by the server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lac954fb2189d412d84d9bb40fd75df0b">pg_advisory_unlock_shared(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad81a953192904865939c8d25f9b16e1b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lac954fb2189d412d84d9bb40fd75df0b"></a><a name="lac954fb2189d412d84d9bb40fd75df0b"></a>Description: Releases a shared session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae885c6e899f640ddabf52e2b7b503608">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text3427947102213">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l73069227299d421f9a1a2f2bd34c3a96">pg_advisory_unlock_shared(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae86f3d8b5fd34ab5ae07573d80de1e98"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l73069227299d421f9a1a2f2bd34c3a96"></a><a name="l73069227299d421f9a1a2f2bd34c3a96"></a>Description: Releases a shared session-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a2a4644e392b547b8886d8b1fafdedbe5">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text14924816222">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__aa31196bc2cd645f58f342a0aa06e4fb1">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a28eae39a5ec54502b6885f62eb443471">pg_advisory_unlock_shared</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ac89d2acb8fb1452eb674ce5be9943bd2">pg_advisory_unlock</strong>, except it releases a shared session-level advisory lock.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l9b2229087e2247efb8727f19212c9c4a">pg_advisory_unlock_all()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a5243f267c3b94c7a9c0b2a3f89d8aec1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l9b2229087e2247efb8727f19212c9c4a"></a><a name="l9b2229087e2247efb8727f19212c9c4a"></a>Description: Releases all advisory locks owned by the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__afe71137c0d9a498fa6ec719df67e830c">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a68e718999af44d96907c3a8e72486398">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b9243194111256">pg_advisory_unlock_all</strong> releases all advisory locks owned by the current session. The function is implicitly invoked when the session ends even if the client is abnormally disconnected.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l15b350c49f2948e596b89ac8c88862dc">pg_advisory_xact_lock(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a9db4a9f1fd2c4e5088457664d89d1fa1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l15b350c49f2948e596b89ac8c88862dc"></a><a name="l15b350c49f2948e596b89ac8c88862dc"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive transaction-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__aaa55b3ca1d7143a8ad2af8113f07288c">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lf5fbdc75788a4def9a49e6c7deb7e5ed">pg_advisory_xact_lock(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae5f63f1579e947fbb07db25255f041bf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lf5fbdc75788a4def9a49e6c7deb7e5ed"></a><a name="lf5fbdc75788a4def9a49e6c7deb7e5ed"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive transaction-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a7952a76ddbdd4db39015f192ae4b6404">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae46e1629b4e24d81abbf0ecdf1399a2b">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ac4bf543b7c2240e7a42954b1d4fdcb74">pg_advisory_xact_lock</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ac32cb79688e242b8ab7f7dd2975f5507">pg_advisory_lock</strong>, except the lock is automatically released at the end of the current transaction and cannot be released explicitly.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lf76d09d188794318ab28c26646a10c96">pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a9da4221960ce4a339cf2fee28a3af992"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lf76d09d188794318ab28c26646a10c96"></a><a name="lf76d09d188794318ab28c26646a10c96"></a>Description: Obtains a shared transaction-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a51bdccd563f2442d943cbc419525bd04">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l3fc6b5cf102c451c8831854040d3a354">pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a35b7a2ef66964aa69ecf02e28e3440d4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l3fc6b5cf102c451c8831854040d3a354"></a><a name="l3fc6b5cf102c451c8831854040d3a354"></a>Description: Obtains a shared transaction-level advisory lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__abf49c8ac8dc0474cad7f6609e9381c93">Return type: void</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a9b4837fe88f6402b9e664826d42893fd">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a4c4b8f73189942808dadbaaf0de31f57">pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a2e72d6a1c0ad4837b2fb6dc45202026e">pg_advisory_lock_shared</strong>, except the lock is automatically released at the end of the current transaction and cannot be released explicitly.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l06118f2fa9324eca84e76fba50dd587f">pg_try_advisory_lock(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a7b6477a6090e4572af119a9e5017ed30"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l06118f2fa9324eca84e76fba50dd587f"></a><a name="l06118f2fa9324eca84e76fba50dd587f"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive session-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ad05837b91c7d4aeda71ba34b98044482">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text36684482222">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a0d8768719ebc4f32b1c07366c9f4e775">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b1812132362812">pg_try_advisory_lock</strong> is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b118141923122817">pg_advisory_lock</strong>, except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b17816202382818">pg_try_advisory_lock</strong> does not block the resource until the resource is released. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b394216352912">pg_try_advisory_lock</strong> either immediately obtains the lock and returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b11943631295">true</strong> or returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b694414319293">false</strong>, which indicates the lock cannot be performed currently.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__laf2ac8de71104c69bfa04cf7cbb6eeb0">pg_try_advisory_lock(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__afab58c68a27c4582ad8471313d5bc4c9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__laf2ac8de71104c69bfa04cf7cbb6eeb0"></a><a name="laf2ac8de71104c69bfa04cf7cbb6eeb0"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive session-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a86476d71d0d04d0e98e7a44ba1cde7d1">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text724954914227">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__laa95d1da4f264611b85bdcba49828cef">pg_try_advisory_lock_shared(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a80878c11182d4a99af71bc2db1e0c6ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__laa95d1da4f264611b85bdcba49828cef"></a><a name="laa95d1da4f264611b85bdcba49828cef"></a>Description: Obtains a shared session-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a7d41969799204dd491663f979bb563bf">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text10840134912224">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l261675ad854d47ba91f78119fe6daf84">pg_try_advisory_lock_shared(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a6f7f5354bff343c9b6628fa53999778c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l261675ad854d47ba91f78119fe6daf84"></a><a name="l261675ad854d47ba91f78119fe6daf84"></a>Description: Obtains a shared session-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a6dc4f0ac4b15483d8f2b5cc2f84b2f6f">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text1644212507222">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a5351ab85c5024fe6bb41259d01f7fbeb">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b1915917414300">pg_try_advisory_lock_shared</strong> is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b516019483014">pg_try_advisory_lock</strong>, except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__b151617412307">pg_try_advisory_lock_shared</strong> attempts to obtain a shared lock instead of an exclusive lock.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l5d348fa21c2647bf9779c71439f0d1d3">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a2a4ff009290a4d03be9fa653ef4cd091"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l5d348fa21c2647bf9779c71439f0d1d3"></a><a name="l5d348fa21c2647bf9779c71439f0d1d3"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive transaction-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a18b4f84d4b134993851daccb0b1b5de9">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text43811515227">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l058c286e5c7e42d8b9169c925b514629">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ac826415b63e04434ac06adf7437fe198"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l058c286e5c7e42d8b9169c925b514629"></a><a name="l058c286e5c7e42d8b9169c925b514629"></a>Description: Obtains an exclusive transaction-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a1769dfda3e7f4ec39999403b5d510319">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text19570125118227">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a1da55d07ee3c45acaf483895d8ac56fb">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a30ee8e192fc447c7a378387cf899416d">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a8628170729674a51b4c2481e35069f61">pg_try_advisory_lock</strong>, except the lock, if acquired, is automatically released at the end of the current transaction and cannot be released explicitly.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lcb6e488fae5846aea5c392804bda7499">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock_shared(key bigint)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a58d2fc1ff204468fbab674b26c42f8e2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__lcb6e488fae5846aea5c392804bda7499"></a><a name="lcb6e488fae5846aea5c392804bda7499"></a>Description: Obtains a shared transaction-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a3380d9620d624cc089a5ebd5ceb32e4a">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text515145219228">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l123b01c946654683b75b9b58dec524b8">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock_shared(key1 int, key2 int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a51b3711111f040b49ffb7d7627bfe81c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__l123b01c946654683b75b9b58dec524b8"></a><a name="l123b01c946654683b75b9b58dec524b8"></a>Description: Obtains a shared transaction-level advisory lock if available.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__abbf2f40ff498482eb1ea355cfd6cec12">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__text6832135215226">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a5a1375cf6f644731a7088ed10c7a3518">Note: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__ae80015985b634f37b6012e09695432da">pg_try_advisory_xact_lock_shared</strong> works in the same way as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671138__a44f56a8942e846c88205875f9f6af90a">pg_try_advisory_lock_shared</strong>, except the lock, if acquired, is automatically released at the end of the current transaction and cannot be released explicitly.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0060.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0060.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d131600d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0060.html
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Residual File Management Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1599527222024"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__section1191493371415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Functions for Obtaining the Residual File List</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul886411811402"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1586418114016">pg_get_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__addf697453f6d4483932a86dd616d176f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1586418114016"></a><a name="li1586418114016"></a>Description: Obtains all residual file records of the current node. This function is an instance-level function and is irrelevant to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__aa83052a510ab43f6b158bcf2bcc72dbe">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__a261cb21a20c64c27b6feee99dc2bd092">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p273933210562">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table17739632135611" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row1573923214561"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p3739133295614">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1073933235615">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p6739163235614">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row873933211564"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p157406328569">isverified</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1674018329563">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p16740173265619">Verified or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row157402032165613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p17401932195615">isdeleted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p147401032195611">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14740173218560">Deleted or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row074013320566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p12740193225612">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p15740143265617">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1774023217568">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row147404324562"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1974013212567">residualfile</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p8740123225611">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p137404323569">Data file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row10740193216566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p87404329566">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p274015323560">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p13740163218563">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row87406328561"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p9740133210562">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1974093245617">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1074093212569">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ad5c69250d3874381b8fc46537ee3c4c4">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__s773caa26d00244aaadbe112a57a07c2a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isverified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isdeleted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">residualfile</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+-----------+--------+-------------------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114691</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114694</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114696</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul1269971013584"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1269981055812">pgxc_get_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p7699110125811"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1269981055812"></a><a name="li1269981055812"></a>Description: Unified CN query function of pg_get_residualfiles() This function is a cluster-level function and is irrelevant to the current database. It runs on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1169951013588">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p196997103589">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1169911045815">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table1869911103586" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row369961085818"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p67002107583">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1700410135816">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p070021035815">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row497517241881"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p597662418813">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1597620241086">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1597612412810">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row8700181085816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p197002010175818">isverified</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p15700210105811">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p137009108582">Verified or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row47009105585"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1770071011583">isdeleted</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14700121015812">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1700171019583">Deleted or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row7700510105815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p10700171014589">dbname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1470021085810">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1370021055819">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row137002108584"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p8701610165819">residualfile</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18701810175811">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p19701510205815">Data file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row77011210115817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p5701610125818">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p67011010155820">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p270116103588">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row167011310185818"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p3701151012583">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14701210115815">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.1.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p670151016587">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1701101020581">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen270116108585"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isverified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isdeleted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">residualfile</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+------------+-----------+----------+-------------------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">15092</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">32803</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200910170129360401</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114691</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114694</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db2</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">49155</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">114696</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p412822110105"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__section1847081955817"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Functions for Verifying Residual Files</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul197132491159"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1271312491854">pg_verify_residualfiles(filepath)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p16713649256"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1271312491854"></a><a name="li1271312491854"></a>Description: Verifies whether the file recorded in the parameter specified file is a residual file. This function is an instance-level function and is related to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p571315491458">Parameter type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p107131049755">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p167131649952">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table1671304914511" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row5714164916515"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1171418491450">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1471474912520">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p97148491357">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row07141949859"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p771404913511">isverified</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p271420491153">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p167145494511">Verification completed or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p671517491651">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen771510498514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_verify_residualfiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'pgrf_20200908160211441546'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isverified</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note4715849156"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p371514913513">This function only verifies whether the recorded file is a residual file in the current database. If the recorded file is not in the current database, the verification is not applicable.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul1711012582510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li161102581052">pg_verify_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p51101258152"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li161102581052"></a><a name="li161102581052"></a>Description: Verifies whether recorded files on all residual file lists of the current instance are residual files. This function is an instance-level function and is related to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18110758754">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p101108587514">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p11102581756">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table91107580519" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row8111145811516"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p2011125819515">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p81112584510">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p211145818512">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row1211111586519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p911117588518">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p71111258658">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p161115581055">Verification completed or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row11117581655"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p111110581651">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p4111175819520">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p41121058459">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row511218582518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p16112858357">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p101127581253">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p311219582515">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p111128581250">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen911219582058"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_verify_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note121121258656"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p411285820511">This function only verifies whether the recorded file is a residual file in the current database. If the recorded file is not in the current database, the verification is not applicable.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul106518014620"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1365119011620">pgxc_verify_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p86511801616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1365119011620"></a><a name="li1365119011620"></a>Description: Unified CN query function of pg_verify_residualfiles() This function is a cluster-level function and is related to the current database. It runs on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p3651190766">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18651602617">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p10651707619">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table36511001661" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row17651101467"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p565217017615">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p86521201261">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p176526016614">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row56524016612"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p8652001764">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p176521309613">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1665270164">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row2652160965"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p36521909616">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p106526012620">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p865280168">Verification completed or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row16652909616"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p165212017613">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1565215013615">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p106531303618">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row9653190760"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18653160769">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p965360166">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p116531701364">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p565318017613">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen66531901265"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_verify_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+--------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200910170129360401</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note15653001667"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p86531101461">This function only verifies whether the recorded file is a residual file in the current database. If the recorded file is not in the current database, the verification is not applicable.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul91217312610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1812114316611">pg_is_residualfiles(residualfile)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p4121123466"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1812114316611"></a><a name="li1812114316611"></a>Description: Queries whether a specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b11324361180">relfilenode</strong> is a residual file in the current database. This function is an instance-level function and is related to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14121931265">Parameter type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p4121163767">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p91211033616">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table61217315611" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row81217314616"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p141211734618">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p91211234618">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p71221331666">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row13122153261"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1112216310618">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1412213863">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.2.5.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p812215314619">Residual file or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p912363668">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen1412393566"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_is_residualfiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'base/49155/114691'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note6123733619"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p7123836611">This function only verifies whether the recorded file is a residual file in the current database. If the recorded file is not in the current database, it is verified as a residual file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p5514205102312">For example, the file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b26139258215">base/15092/14790</strong> is not regarded as a residual file in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b154329292113"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b84321299116"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__text57551230143711">gaussdb</span></strong> database, but it is regarded as a residual file in other databases.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p947514132615"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__text13171174518526"></span>select * from pg_is_residualfiles('base/15092/14790');</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p647511411262">result</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p44751341192619">--------</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1547518415265">f</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p104756418260">(1 row)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1447594117260"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1447510415265"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__text4384857145713"></span>\c db2</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p2475124172615">db2=# select * from pg_is_residualfiles('base/15092/14790');</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p147519413269">result</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p647515418262">--------</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p11475154110266">t</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p84751741112614">(1 row)</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__section615134619597"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Functions for Deleting Residual Files</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul1725255362"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li625213515613">pg_rm_residualfiles(filepath)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p102524518610"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li625213515613"></a><a name="li625213515613"></a>Description: Deletes files from a specified residual file list on the current instance. This function is an instance-level function and is irrelevant to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p4252205761">Parameter type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p9252654611">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p92521853620">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table225216517618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row425245069"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p112524517614">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p82521452063">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p82521657618">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row152523513615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18252651165">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p2253852620">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p5253185561">Deletion completed or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1225313516610">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen62531251067"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_rm_residualfiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'pgrf_20200908160211441599'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note6254105164"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p8254458610">1. Residual files can be deleted only after verification using the pg_verify_residualfiles() function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p8328337123620">2. All verified files, regardless which database they are in, will be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p768925123713">3. If all files recorded in the specified file have been deleted, the specified file will be removed and backed up in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b8721201515305">$PGDATA/pg_residualfile/backup</strong> directory.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul12405476617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li16405879613">pg_rm_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14051773612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li16405879613"></a><a name="li16405879613"></a>Description: Deletes all files recorded on all residual file lists on the current instance. This function is an instance-level function and is irrelevant to the current database. It can run on any instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1240577962">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1405671862">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p54051078620">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table2040517169" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row154056711610"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p440510717613">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14405167462">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1640547564">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row124051472614"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p16405872066">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p54054717612">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p44065714611">Deleted or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row3406179613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p154066717616">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p164061376619">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1940697964">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row19406378615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p184064714617">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p6406672610">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p740687661">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p164061071665">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen19406771166"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_rm_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note15407871565"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul9489142812018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li13489192812019">Residual files can be deleted only after verification using the pg_verify_residualfiles() function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li16489728500">All verified files, regardless which database they are in, will be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li0489728302">If all files recorded in the specified file have been deleted, the specified file will be removed and backed up in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1789121283218">$PGDATA/pg_residualfile/backup</strong> directory.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul151583101612"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li315811101063">pgxc_rm_residualfiles()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p41584101260"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li315811101063"></a><a name="li315811101063"></a>Description: Unified CN query function of pgxc_rm_residualfiles. This function is a cluster-level function and is irrelevant to the current database. It runs on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p615810101664">Parameter type: none</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p51581710661">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p81581102618">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__table16363134613430" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row143631146134313"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p036374664314">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p636394624318">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p173638461438">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row692502194412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p179251626445">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p592582194420">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p10925142174417">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row14363546164313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p15363164604318">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p33631246164317">bool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1236364674317">Deletion completed or not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row14363204654312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p6364104610438">filepath</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p436434611437">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p12364154616432">Residual file path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__row1036454654314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p11364194684314">notes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p2364154664314">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.1.5.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p836424620432">Notes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p13434142810488">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen1372617118492"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_rm_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+--------+---------------------------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200910170129360401</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgrf_20200908160211441546</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1250930112712"></p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__section5523432102719"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Using the Residual File Management Function:</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p11969481489">Procedure:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ol129415150481"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li229415155484"><span>Call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b2025103914516">pgxc_get_residualfiles()</strong> function to obtain the name of the database that has residual files.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1520773724815"><span>Go to the databases where residual files exist and call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b91331815155219">pgxc_verify_residualfiles()</strong> function to verify the residual files recorded in the current database.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li614824111482"><span>Call the pgxc_rm_residualfiles() function to delete all the verified residual files.</span></li></ol>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__note177121328194914"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1945313557509">The pgxc residual file management function only operates on the CN and the current primary DN, and does not verify or clear residual files on the standby DN. Therefore, after the primary DN is cleared, you need to clear residual files on the standby DN or build the standby DN in a timely manner. This prevents residual files on the standby DN from being copied back to the primary DN due to incremental build after a primary/standby switchover.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p834821174915">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18392026122812">The following example uses two user-created databases, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b21401453165213">db1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b2088415554526">db2</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p171412372917"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image1664983219271" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145911035.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ol6357650183116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li8358165016317">Run the following command to obtain all residual file records of the cluster on the CNs:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen1917130132915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">db1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_residualfiles</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- order by is optional.</span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1017143017296"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image181716306299" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145511057.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1838105613389">In the current cluster:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ul14551086397"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1145610873918">Residual file records exist in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b5577131215553">db1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b351341595512">db2</strong> databases on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b15713422175512">dn_6001_6002</strong> node (active node instance).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li445614823915">Residual files are displayed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b204811756105520">residualfile</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li545668143917">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b166411615560">filepath</strong> column lists the files that record residual files. These files are stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1297913411563">pg_residualfiles</strong> directory under the instance data directory.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1719719477356">Call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b751405995619">pgxc_verify_residualfiles()</strong> function to verify the db1 database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen111715300295"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">db1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_verify_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14171730122916"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image13171530102911" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145710991.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1817113022916">Verification functions are at the database level. Therefore, when a verification function is called in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b176117685817">db1</strong> database, it only verifies residual files in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b11549193335820">db1</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p61783014298">You can call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b17661174915812">get</strong> function again to check whether the verification is complete.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen517163017295"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">db1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_get_residualfiles</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1717143015297"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image1117173010292" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098831060.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p21743011295">As shown in the preceding figure, the residual files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b3758113118598">db1</strong> database have been verified, and the residual files in the db2 database are not verified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li179281321123613">Call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1486354125917">pgxc_rm_residualfiles()</strong> function to delete residual files.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__screen161815307297"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">db1</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_rm_residualfiles</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p31814306296"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image1118430122912" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098831058.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li1452534220364">Call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b87101660012">pgxc_get_residualfiles()</strong> function again to check the deletion result.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p14187306299"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image1318143011299" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145830907.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p111813010298">The result shows that the residual files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1664217211501">db1</strong> database are deleted (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b6731305016">isdeleted</strong> is marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1262219353010">t</strong>) and the residual files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1649614442011">db2</strong> database are not deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p131813015299">In addition, nine query results are displayed. Compared with the previous query results, a record for the residual file ending with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b241816201524">9438</strong> is missing. This is because the record file that records the residual file ending with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b489661518420">9438</strong> contains only one record, which is deleted in step 3. If all residual files in a record file are deleted, the record file is also deleted. Deleted files are backed up in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1580010361612">pg_residualfiles/backup</strong> directory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p4180302297"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image21816304293" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098991054.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li9462165963611">To delete files from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b172231701874">db2</strong> database, you need to call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b14640191472">verify</strong> function in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b768117192719">db2</strong> database and then call the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b1854613281379">rm</strong> function.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__ol4210157134616"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li318118194617">Go to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b79284431477">db2</strong> database and call the verification function.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1218183017293"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image201873013298" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145911037.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p2018173017292">Query the verification result:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p623430122917"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image3231130142910" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098671232.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li11283618174617">Call the deletion function:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p13300121811461"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li11283618174617"></a><a name="li11283618174617"></a><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image10300418154618" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098671234.png"></span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li747692219462">Query the deletion result:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p18489102218469"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__li747692219462"></a><a name="li747692219462"></a><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image6489142213460" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145830909.png"></span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p1049015226468">All residual files recorded in the record file whose name ends with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b545145714815">8342</strong> have been deleted, so the record file is deleted and backed up in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__b12252193613106">backup</strong> directory. As a result, no records are found.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__p44902222463"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830800__image24901822104619" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145710989.png"></span></p>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0061.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0061.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Replication Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823550"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12419101612506">A replication function synchronizes logs and data between instances. It is a statistics or operation method provided by the system to implement HA.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__note177121328194914"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1945313557509">Replication functions except statistics queries are internal functions. You are not advised to use them directly.</p>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul8712114513210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li6675412212">pg_create_logical_replication_slot('slot_name', 'plugin_name')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p27273412149"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li6675412212"></a><a name="li6675412212"></a>Description: Creates a logical replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p97891140942">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul1490214461541"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li993017209125">slot_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p197719399126"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li993017209125"></a><a name="li993017209125"></a>Indicates the name of the streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12591137191216">Value range: a string, supporting only letters, digits, and the following special characters: _?-.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li113991249191214">plugin_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p148562191315"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li113991249191214"></a><a name="li113991249191214"></a>Indicates the name of the plugin.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p11780155191212">Value range: a string, supporting only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b197771552182412">mppdb_decoding</strong></p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1362357121114">Return type: name, text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15989122517232">Note: The first return value is the slot name, and the second is the start LSN position for decoding in the logical replication slot.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li13718147927">pg_create_physical_replication_slot ('slot_name', isDummyStandby)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1772711711216"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li13718147927"></a><a name="li13718147927"></a>Description: Creates a physical replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p272718716214">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul108501489212"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1984914814212">slot_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p78499820212"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1984914814212"></a><a name="li1984914814212"></a>Indicates the name of the streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16849786214">Value range: a string, supporting only letters, digits, and the following special characters: _?.-</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li985038729">isDummyStandby<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p108501383213"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li985038729"></a><a name="li985038729"></a>Indicates whether the replication slot is the secondary one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p118501589210">Value range: a boolean value, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b3968115164810">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b160810915484">false</strong></p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1753717421326">Return type: name, text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1553814421323">Note: The first return value is the slot name, and the second is the start LSN position for decoding in the physical replication slot.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li07012611311">pg_get_replication_slots()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15901640229"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li07012611311"></a><a name="li07012611311"></a>Description: Displays information about all replication slots on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9909401219">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p149064012215">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table1242861269" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>pg_get_replication_slots() fields</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1024216463"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p65566217715">Field</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1755712216710">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p3557142114719">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row182431168610"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p755710211378">slot_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p105571721872">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p255716218713">Replication slot name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row5243761961"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1355717211373">plugin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15571621271">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p55578211471">Name of the output plug-in of the logical replication slot</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1124312613615"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p7557021475">slot_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p755810216718">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p175584215717">Replication slot type</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row2024456367"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p10558162113712">datoid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p65581721278">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p05586212718">Replication slot's database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row182442618619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p95581021372">active</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8558521279">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p355815211712">Whether the replication slot is active</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row15244166661"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p10558152118717">xmin</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17558221176">xid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p165588211975">Transaction ID of the replication slot</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row132451165620"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15595211775">catalog_xmin</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p175591921570">restart_lsn</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1755916219713">dummy_standby</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p55591721371">text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p655942115714">text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p185594212710">boolean</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p14559182116711">ID of the earliest-decoded transaction corresponding to the logical replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p135591421673">Xlog file information on the replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p755918211075">Indicates whether the replication slot is the secondary one.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li16712145822">pg_drop_replication_slot('slot_name')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p102641171993"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li16712145822"></a><a name="li16712145822"></a>Description: Deletes a streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9871916141314">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul15764716135418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1892814125413">slot_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p184610542137"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1892814125413"></a><a name="li1892814125413"></a>Indicates the name of the streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p142641177920">Value range: a string, supporting only letters, digits, and the following special characters: _?-.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p7861957142412">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li11712645125"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li11712645125"></a><a name="li11712645125"></a>pg_logical_slot_peek_changes('slot_name', 'LSN', upto_nchanges, 'options_name', 'options_value')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p736835721410"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li11712645125"></a><a name="li11712645125"></a>Description: Performs decoding but does not go to the next streaming replication slot. (The decoding result will be returned again on future calls.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p193593201918">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul1484915243920"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li106188891412">slot_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15339415111412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li106188891412"></a><a name="li106188891412"></a>Indicates the name of the streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p3928151013142">Value range: a string, supporting only letters, digits, and the following special characters: _?-.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1969082212140">LSN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1675411231617"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1969082212140"></a><a name="li1969082212140"></a>Indicates a target LSN. Decoding is performed only when an LSN is less than or equal to this value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p65834240146">Value range: a string, in the format of xlogid/xrecoff, for example, '1/2AAFC60' (If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b825517515505">NULL</strong>, the target LSN indicating the end position of decoding is not specified.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1264305691718">upto_nchanges<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4797157131716"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1264305691718"></a><a name="li1264305691718"></a>Indicates the number of decoded records (including the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b9377124715210">begin</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1083854811526">commit</strong> timestamps). Assume that there are three transactions, which involve 3, 5, and 7 records, respectively. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b960620154533">upto_nchanges</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b21981122155310">4</strong>, 8 records of the first two transactions will be decoded. Specifically, decoding is stopped when the number of decoded records exceeds 4 after decoding in the first two transactions is finished.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6183110121818">Value range: a non-negative integer</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__note5845112417419"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1084519241943">If any of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b104021234186">LSN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1290306191817">upto_nchanges</strong> values are reached, decoding ends.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li20799111116010">options (optional)<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul127056257016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li155302613184">include-xids<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p169941304409"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li155302613184"></a><a name="li155302613184"></a>Indicates whether the decoded <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b859196578">data</strong> column contains XID information.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p11855932141810">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1431113458577">0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b5844144810577">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b197064417584">1</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul110141074120"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li13101161012414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1799310955810">0</strong>: The decoded <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b7110818195813">data</strong> column does not contain XID information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1710121010418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b93541230145813">1</strong>: The decoded <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1535783615583">data</strong> column contains XID information.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li19695486187">skip-empty-xacts<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p475152014377"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li19695486187"></a><a name="li19695486187"></a>Indicates whether to ignore empty transaction information during decoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6111495372">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b119689147598">0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b49701514195914">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1497214143598">0</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul5186165216409"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li17609115094013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b4717183311598">0</strong>: The empty transaction information is not ignored during decoding.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li1461285064018"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b208801753185913">1</strong>: The empty transaction information is ignored during decoding.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li20340181313183">include-timestamp<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1994312834716"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li20340181313183"></a><a name="li20340181313183"></a>Indicates whether decoding information contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1949613819120">commit</strong> timestamp.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16730155154713">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b10230445116">0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b14231345814">1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b2023244518113">0</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul1373015524715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li167306558478"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b4738451625">0</strong>: The decoding information does not contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b134685371214">commit</strong> timestamp.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li11730115524712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b06931052726">1</strong>: The decoding information contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b5693195219218">commit</strong> timestamp.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p125871431112610">Return type: text, uint, text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p14182181314286">Note: The function returns the decoding result. Each decoding result contains three columns, corresponding to the above return types and indicating the LSN position, XID, and decoded content, respectively.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li107128451029">pg_logical_slot_get_changes('slot_name', 'LSN', upto_nchanges, 'options_name', 'options_value')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1026412176914"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li107128451029"></a><a name="li107128451029"></a>Description: Performs decoding and goes to the next streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1126431715913">Parameter: This function has the same parameters as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b17617172618617">pg_logical_slot_peek_changes</strong>. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li11712645125">pg_logical_slot_peek_ch...</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li179728449519">pg_replication_slot_advance ('slot_name', 'LSN')<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p74724517515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li179728449519"></a><a name="li179728449519"></a>Description: Directly goes to the streaming replication slot for a specified LSN, without outputting any decoding result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p0319134219612">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__ul141944115710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li5366591979">slot_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p173661691578"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li5366591979"></a><a name="li5366591979"></a>Indicates the name of the streaming replication slot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1336617914719">Value range: a string, supporting only letters, digits, and the following special characters: _?-.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li21164131676">LSN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1828910401376"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li21164131676"></a><a name="li21164131676"></a>Indicates a target LSN. Next decoding will be performed only in transactions whose commission position is greater than this value. If an input LSN is smaller than the position recorded in the current streaming replication slot, the function directly returns. If the input LSN is greater than the LSN of the current physical log, the latter LSN will be directly used for decoding.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p182891140975">Value range: a string, in the format of xlogid/xrecoff</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12185181783012">Return type: name, text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8733112113118">Note: A return result contains the slot name and LSN that is actually used for decoding.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__lc9b887495c574e94b4f33da05fd50d37">pg_stat_get_data_senders()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p7171210599"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__lc9b887495c574e94b4f33da05fd50d37"></a><a name="lc9b887495c574e94b4f33da05fd50d37"></a>Description: Displays statistics about replication sending threads on all data page on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p62811322598">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p122819265910">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table847813517918" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>pg_stat_get_data_senders() fields</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1047920513917"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p196646252917">Field</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9665132514916">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" id="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p46657250910">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row15479145192"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1366532513920">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1766512256910">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2066522515919">Thread PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row144791055911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p166655253915">sender_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p116651225797">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15666225791">Current sender PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row54801451896"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1866611252913">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2066619253912">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p96660250918">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row84801658918"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p126667253916">peer_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p866632513911">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8666102514914">Peer role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row74805517916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13666112514915">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1666642513917">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p46662252912">Current sender's replication status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row18480651791"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1666711256912">catchup_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p66672259919">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4667132519913">Startup time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row143631418124416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4364151814416">catchup_end</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p73641418204418">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1636411186443">End time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row152196498443"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1021954914411">queue_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p92201849184416">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12220194913447">Data queue size</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row150217533445"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p185025532448">queue_lower_tail</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13502145310446">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1050325324419">Position of data queue tail 1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row11755145174712"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p775685164718">queue_header</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4756755474">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p775618518473">Position of data queue header</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1197310654718"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16974369475">queue_upper_tail</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p109741465478">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p29744694714">Position of data queue tail 2</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1612718864719"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p812818194719">send_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p10128883471">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1412813812472">Sending position of the sender</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row493511133476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1193514139479">receive_position</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p159357131471">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2935141374716">Receiving position of the receiver</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1947117194714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13471017184719">catchup_type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p3482017134713">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p448181719474">Catchup task type, full or incremental</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1310481844713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1104181815477">catchup_bcm_filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p10104101819473">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p3104171854710">BCM file executed by the current catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row17255131912479"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p182552019154718">catchup_bcm_finished</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p14255111917477">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12551219114712">Number of BCM files completed by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row5255102111476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p825562118474">catchup_bcm_total</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p92553218470">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15255202174716">Total number of BCM files to be operated by a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row21141033115016"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8114133165010">catchup_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p11114173335010">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p19114333165018">Completion percentage of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1256234155018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.090000000000003%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p856734195018">catchup_remaining_time</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.11%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1156534115019">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50.8%" headers="mcps1.3.3.8.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p656143415500">Estimated remaining time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li934419201104">pg_stat_get_wal_senders()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12151534145710"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li934419201104"></a><a name="li934419201104"></a>Description: Displays statistics about replication sending threads on all WALs on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17151434185714">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1415153435711">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table161151424103" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>pg_stat_get_wal_senders() fields</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row161168427106"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13647122513113">Field</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1647625141118">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1664772551115">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row17117134291019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p136471025121112">pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1364762531110">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p14647162510115">Thread PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row14117164281012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p064772541114">sender_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p176481225101117">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p3648825191115">Current sender PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row6118042131011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p156488252119">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p46481025141110">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1648162561118">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row211864215101"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1464816253115">peer_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15648152515115">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p36481125151114">Peer role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1811814251011"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p96481253111">peer_state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p166491225161118">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p964992521119">Peer status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1511918426106"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12649325101110">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p56491925131116">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1864932571112">Current sender's replication status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row10119184221013"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6649172517115">catchup_start</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p664915254114">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p0649325201115">Startup time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row08621570112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1265032551120">catchup_end</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p156501525141116">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1265018251113">End time of a catchup task</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row786412711110"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p365062511116">sender_sent_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p86503251118">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13650192515113">Location where the sender sends LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1986517111112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p26501253110">sender_write_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8650182531116">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15651122518112">Location where the sender writes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row198651773119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p765112513116">sender_flush_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1165172541115">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p176511254113">Location where the sender flushes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row086657111114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p166511025121119">sender_replay_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p665117258117">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16511025161110">Location where the sender replays LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row148662714111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p765182591111">receiver_received_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15652182514116">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13652525111117">Location where the receiver receives LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1286711713111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1465215259112">receiver_write_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17652112531113">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1465222511118">Location where the receiver writes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row16967813151115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1965211251118">receiver_flush_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p365262551118">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p156521625191113">Location where the receiver flushes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row13968111318117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p46531425111118">receiver_replay_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p186533253112">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p196531625161119">Location where the receiver replays LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row179681413191118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p965372519114">sync_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15653162531112">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6653325121111">Specifies the synchronization percentage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row5969161321112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p106535259115">sync_state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p166532025191119">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1565315251116">Synchronization state (asynchronous duplication, synchronous duplication, or potential synchronization)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1696921391118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1065462541120">sync_priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p56541525111110">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15654172519115">Priority of synchronous duplication (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b842352706224457">0</strong> indicates asynchronization)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row19705133112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p5654192510111">sync_most_available</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p11654125121114">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p565412571113">Whether to block the active node when the synchronization on the standby node fails</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row2970151318114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1065415257117">channel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p265472511113">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.9.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p56551825171115">WALSender channel information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li12406554111110">pg_stat_get_wal_receiver()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p5221234195716"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li12406554111110"></a><a name="li12406554111110"></a>Description: Displays statistics about replication receiving threads on all WALs on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8221734175711">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1922934135716">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table2083114201212" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>pg_stat_get_wal_receiver()</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row168417413125"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p8692132981217">Field</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17693112911214">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p76936291123">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row084104151213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p196931329101212">receiver_pid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1693142931213">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1693122941218">Current receiver PID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row128411451213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p76931629111213">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p11694102961216">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p36941296126">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row285240123"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13694192910125">peer_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p56944299126">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p146941429191219">Peer role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row128517410128"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p106956292127">peer_state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1369519292127">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15695192951218">Peer status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row285842123"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1569510299123">state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1469522961210">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15695829131217">Current receiver's replication status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row7851413124"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1269522917125">sender_sent_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p106961029161210">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p136961429191218">Location where the sender sends LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1386184101214"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1769622971214">sender_write_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p869618297124">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p176961529181218">Location where the sender writes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row188931315171215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p76961929181219">sender_flush_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p269617299125">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p66962290123">Location where the sender flushes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row6893115141211"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p469702951211">sender_replay_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p669713293125">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p169742981219">Location where the sender replays LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row178941215171217"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6697162912120">receiver_received_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2697629141216">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9697162917125">Location where the receiver receives LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row148941015111213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p10697629151217">receiver_write_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1369852910126">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12698132921220">Location where the receiver writes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row2089431518129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4698829151215">receiver_flush_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p26981295125">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1469802912124">Location where the receiver flushes LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row782622111213"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p186985296122">receiver_replay_location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16981296122">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p96982029181212">Location where the receiver replays LSNs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row6827192110123"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12699132913127">sync_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p069913297125">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p19699102919126">Specifies the synchronization percentage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row582712212122"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p56992029161215">channel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17699152911120">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.10.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16699102941218">WALReceiver channel information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li050920281314">pg_stat_get_stream_replications()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1347383915810"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li050920281314"></a><a name="li050920281314"></a>Description: Displays information about all replication statistics on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p0473203965810">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p64731739145818">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table1761911153136" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>pg_stat_get_stream_replications()</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row16620161512135"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p274875021319">Field</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2748125011315">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4748145001311">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row7620915101319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2074935010136">local_role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p18749105001317">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9749350141318">Local role</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row8620131514134"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6749205011313">static_connections</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1749145041312">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p19749205017133">Connection statistics</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row76219157131"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p177496503135">db_state</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p675065014132">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p167508505132">Database status</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row106211215151314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p12750195051312">detail_information</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p14750650161318">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.11.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p27501950131317">Detail information</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li821041475115">pg_stat_xlog_space()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p132101914115118"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li821041475115"></a><a name="li821041475115"></a>Description: Displays the Xlog space usage on the current DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2021071475114">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1521010141518">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table721001411519" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>pg_stat_xlog_space()</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row102102149513"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2210141420517">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p121081410519">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1321181415514">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row921171475112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p25657304528">xlog_files</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1556543045212">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p156533075218">Number of all identified xlog files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b41391443174310">pg_xlog</strong> directory, excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1268320538437">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b566775604319">archive_status</strong> subdirectories.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row32111914185119"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13565163019523">xlog_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1256613301524">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1566193014522">Total size (MB) of all identified xlog files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b891563318446">pg_xlog</strong> directory, excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1391184011443">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b141631344114415">archive_status</strong> subdirectories.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1321181495114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1156693017525">other_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p456683075215">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.12.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1356663013527">Total size (MB) of files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b453313717455">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b103951422456">archive_status</strong> subdirectories of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b12195348114519">pg_xlog</strong> directory.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li115041816135119">pgxc_stat_xlog_space()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p155041316175120"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__li115041816135119"></a><a name="li115041816135119"></a>Description: Displays the Xlog space usage on all active DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p16504121610513">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1650561625117">The following information is returned:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__table15505101615116" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 7 </b>pgxc_stat_xlog_space()</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row750517162511"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1950519162518">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p17505316165113">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p050511161513">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1505171615519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p2978145085217">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p497885015210">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p7978145017529">Node name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row1950511615513"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p9978145010525">xlog_files</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p13978145065214">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p4978135095211">Number of all identified xlog files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b16930297465">pg_xlog</strong> directory, excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1498329174618">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b19910291464">archive_status</strong> subdirectories.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row8505151617511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p397935005211">xlog_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p1997919506521">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p159791550105212">Total size (MB) of all identified xlog files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b3788183154613">pg_xlog</strong> directory, excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b17788431134614">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b16789163134618">archive_status</strong> subdirectories.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__row6506151635115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p6979155012521">other_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p59791850135212">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.13.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__p15979125035219">Total size (MB) of files in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b1820123519469">backup</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b025235174610">archive_status</strong> subdirectories of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150748__b925183513464">pg_xlog</strong> directory.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0062.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0062.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..963bc86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0062.html
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Other Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1553151203304"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ub16f1f13d58c4710881d282e8991294c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l155387e0f88c4666821990489db4fd41">pgxc_pool_check()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a3820eed6c23b4368ba954bd3411018f1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l155387e0f88c4666821990489db4fd41"></a><a name="l155387e0f88c4666821990489db4fd41"></a>Description: Checks whether the connection data buffered in the pool is consistent with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b4441144314374">pgxc_node</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a9334ef0d49174c32b280db72aa4da67d">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text13738253202213">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l4959044dee8942beb9a6a540cc2f7539">pgxc_pool_reload()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a92bfda29eb6245c2b011db6352b89322"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l4959044dee8942beb9a6a540cc2f7539"></a><a name="l4959044dee8942beb9a6a540cc2f7539"></a>Description: Updates the connection information buffered in the pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a0a19cdb9d5954b16b796bcf8244de908">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text113391254172212">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__le1d2a0f20443439391222042ab40a09f">pgxc_lock_for_backup()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a0c4ee469805546c68cb05a643620e467"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__le1d2a0f20443439391222042ab40a09f"></a><a name="le1d2a0f20443439391222042ab40a09f"></a>Description: Locks the cluster before backup. Backup is performed to restore data on new nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a13b5730683964a308ff824c864cd2f1e">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text17885115472214">boolean</span></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__nb415b577c44e455abaa6e0e704f933dc"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a0e00c93eec164d4495631f036056dde2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b842352706144724">pgxc_lock_for_backup</strong> locks a cluster before <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b84235270614488">gs_dump</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b842352706144813">gs_dumpall</strong> is used to back up the cluster. After a cluster is locked, operations changing the system structure are not allowed. This function does not affect DML statements.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__lf6e8af2bbb244e6ca309d09efe93ffba">pg_pool_validate(clear boolean, co_node_name cstring)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p5424929954"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__lf6e8af2bbb244e6ca309d09efe93ffba"></a><a name="lf6e8af2bbb244e6ca309d09efe93ffba"></a>Description: Clears invalid backend threads on a CN. (These backend threads hold invalid pooler connections to standby DNs.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a4d2e82a3f6084e95b856939a6fe2bf71">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ld037239c262c473cb1c52d8e37fd7569">pg_nodes_memory()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ab11e22da613549b6918f1604f1668d7b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ld037239c262c473cb1c52d8e37fd7569"></a><a name="ld037239c262c473cb1c52d8e37fd7569"></a>Description: queries the memory usage of all nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a23ff9922c2054ff4a20acc0921f65b5d">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__lebd4d85fa024441f94d461997a22229e">table_skewness(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a3bae6d4af1784c8d834145f65b5c49f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__lebd4d85fa024441f94d461997a22229e"></a><a name="lebd4d85fa024441f94d461997a22229e"></a>Description: queries the percentage of table data among all nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a236ad5ebfddc4db9a56c20ef7982148f">Parameter: Indicates that the type of the name of the to-be-queried table is text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__aa5d5958919444ff08a83bec5ef8aaf14">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li111825414215">table_skewness(table_name text, column_name text[, row_num text])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1765368144212"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li111825414215"></a><a name="li111825414215"></a>Description: Queries the proportion of column data distributed on each node based on the hash distribution rule. The results are sorted based on the data volumes of the nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p12270181116425">Parameters: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b15883522204411">table_name</strong> indicates a table name, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b724423234411">column_name</strong> indicates a column name, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b24911647174410">row_num</strong> indicates that all data in the current column is returned. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1173245618440">0</strong>. A value other than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b191861056418">0</strong> indicates the number of data records whose statistics are sampled. (Records are randomly sampled.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p93941227144916">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1713555194213">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p88378419515">Distribute data by hash based on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b491413211613">a</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b4586123617618">tx</strong> table. Seven records are distributed on DN 1, two records on DN 2, and one record on DN 0.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__screen10350105213465"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_skewness</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">000</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">000</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">000</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li16924174017456">table_data_skewness(data_row record, locatorType "char")<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1592314044510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li16924174017456"></a><a name="li16924174017456"></a>Description: Calculates the bucket distribution index for the records concatenated using the columns in a specified table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p89235400458">Parameters: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b748983513137">data_row</strong> indicates the record concatenated using columns in the specified table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b8523529171419">locatorType</strong> indicates the distribution rule. You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b586624610140">locatorType</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1184313345141">H</strong>, indicating hash distribution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p79231240174512">Return type: smallint</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p5923154019454">Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p16923204004510">Calculates the bucket distribution index based on the hash distribution rule for the records combined concatenated using the columns in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b128033127172">tx</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__screen137011098508"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_data_skewness</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'H'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tx</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_data_skewness</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---+---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li740916348447">table_distribution(schemaname text, tablename text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p194251334194414"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li740916348447"></a><a name="li740916348447"></a>Description: queries the storage space occupied by a specified table on each node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p4437834164414">Parameter: Indicates that the types of the schema name and table name for the table to be queried are both text.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1344893434419">Return type: record</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__note1075515420251"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul095205472817"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li7958022172212">To query for the storage distribution of a specified table by using this function, you must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b2419194710270">SELECT</strong> permission for the table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li19952115411281">The performance of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1054342794416">table_distribution</strong> is better than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b41216327441">table_skewness</strong>. Especially in a large cluster with a large amount of data, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b143743734417">table_distribution</strong> is recommended.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li353105722816">When you use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b115061945134412">table_distribution</strong> and want to view the space usage, you can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b851414618259">dnsize</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b669255242520">(sum(dnsize) over ())</strong> to view the percentage.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li129935376269">table_distribution(regclass)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p109931373265"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li129935376269"></a><a name="li129935376269"></a>Description: queries the storage space occupied by a specified table on each node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p599313712619">Parameter: indicates the name or OID of the table to be queried. The table name can be defined by the schema name. Parameter type: regclass</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1999373702613">Return type: record</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__note13993337142616"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul132421612315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li324256112319">To query for the storage distribution of a specified table by using this function, you must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1477513775">SELECT</strong> permission for the table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li424236172319">The performance of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b2046785475">table_distribution</strong> is better than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1180586443">table_skewness</strong>. Especially in a large cluster with a large amount of data, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1105532580">table_distribution</strong> is recommended.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li824211611237">When you use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b749866071">table_distribution</strong> and want to view the space usage, you can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b662045978">dnsize</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1848908970">(sum(dnsize) over ())</strong> to view the percentage.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li645551081820">table_distribution()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1446491061812"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li645551081820"></a><a name="li645551081820"></a>Description: queries the storage distribution of all tables in the current database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2471910111810">Return type: record</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__note12816174919237"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul537435432913"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li737465411299">This function involves the query for information about all tables in the database. To execute this function, you must have the administrator rights.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li123741854152910">Based on the table_distribution() function, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text769433086">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the PGXC_GET_TABLE_SKEWNESS view as an alternative way to query for data skew. You are advised to use this view when the number of tables in the database is less than 10000.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1957554511497">pgxc_get_stat_dirty_tables(int dirty_percent, int n_tuples)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p157041557125012"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1957554511497"></a><a name="li1957554511497"></a>Description: Obtains information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on tables and the dirty page rate of tables. This function optimizes the performance of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b4453163114910">PGXC_GET_STAT_ALL_TABLES</strong> view. It can quickly filter out tables whose dirty page rate is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b6447132024914">dirty_percent</strong> and number of dead tuples is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b531211309490">n_tuples</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p47611019144017">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p897491117513">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__t09d8e10f76724678a8f221dd29db736a" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__r296db8ff4a4f4195b3fd7d935ac3436d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" id="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__aabed0b68691942108b0e3aa157377da7">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__aae8adcb14b634a4793c5c29a8ded37cd">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" id="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a4d5efd63bff341d59af7eb1359385af9">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__r4058f6bdc9254911b191aa0e08d7edb6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1160011111301">relid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ac9c372b991894c798b9fecec1fe03ea8">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__aa4d470d9917d4fedbce5cd58c754ce42">Table OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__r9a69c15440fd4b3d86b38804ac7efffd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p155841225203011">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a6f502ef221ec4b8d8e5393022effc5bd">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a13de41723a05484d86ab3c303d4c522a">Table name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row1596942488"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p897184184816">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p89817484814">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1099145484">Schema name of the table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__r3b0439badf02493a9fc3a84029209848"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1219664054117">n_tup_ins</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p7372640124113">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__aca413da9e4ea45aba0d8b389dcf956ec">Number of inserted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row204781949282"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p194796491814">n_tup_upd</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p165202104211">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p204793499820">Number of updated tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row4302327154218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p14386104410421">n_tup_del</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1138142494218">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1130472764213">Number of deleted tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row174687374424"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p04691337114217">n_live_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1538102414424">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p154709379429">Number of live tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row157104984219"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p16874914210">n_dead_tup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p179134915423">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p199174924217">Number of dead tuples</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row14389195612816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p559332324316">dirty_page_rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.919999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1636555125610">numeric(5,2)</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="48.75%" headers="mcps1.3.1.12.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p14390856089">Dirty page rate (%) of a table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li17288181719523">pgxc_get_stat_dirty_tables(int dirty_percent, int n_tuples, text schema)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p125935186521"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li17288181719523"></a><a name="li17288181719523"></a>Description: Obtains information about insertion, update, and deletion operations on tables and the dirty page rate of tables. This function can quickly filter out tables whose dirty page rate is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b11594105565111">page_dirty_rate</strong>, number of dead tuples is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b531611415219">n_tuples</strong>, and schema name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b519801765215">schema</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1059451825213">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p723335020121">The return columns of the function are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1387433012533">pgxc_get_stat_dirty_tables(int dirty_percent, int n_tuples)</strong> function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l175e5615fd2c41d2bca52dedb74dbd0b">plan_seed()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a8657ec7c01ec42f8a38d4ffea7fa254e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l175e5615fd2c41d2bca52dedb74dbd0b"></a><a name="l175e5615fd2c41d2bca52dedb74dbd0b"></a>Description: Obtains the seed value of the previous query statement (internal use).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ac2ca78f72baa48b5885c8aca3ff1e991">Return type: int</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__la1b9ce4db549468392d2993c34e37269">pg_stat_get_env()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ae76e31e4d5f6422bbec0f57fb8c74867"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__la1b9ce4db549468392d2993c34e37269"></a><a name="la1b9ce4db549468392d2993c34e37269"></a>Description: Obtains the environment variable information about the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a3795fc0706a34db1a32bad5106a1f510">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l8778d7256ef64c24b9e2e613ab827cb8">pg_stat_get_thread()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__affe41ea584364803a18cca81c14f1344"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l8778d7256ef64c24b9e2e613ab827cb8"></a><a name="l8778d7256ef64c24b9e2e613ab827cb8"></a>Description: Provides information about the status of all threads under the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__af4327fe3f64b4d498aabf8a2c5c5f472">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l00fae37c3fa44a16825892e01e719f3c">pgxc_get_os_threads()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__abb20d6c352da434eafb0e5755f3e77af"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l00fae37c3fa44a16825892e01e719f3c"></a><a name="l00fae37c3fa44a16825892e01e719f3c"></a>Description: Provides information about the status of threads under all normal nodes in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__add58164068f84476aadcfac69625f1ab">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1278714176552">pg_stat_get_sql_count()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1271652635812"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1278714176552"></a><a name="li1278714176552"></a>Description: Provides statistics on the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b120575717451">SELECT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1215119154617">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b198671731469">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b96032624614">DELETE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b564918117463">MERGE INTO</strong> statements executed by all users on the current node, response time, and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p392824018012">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li96021711715">pgxc_get_sql_count()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p161602619918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li96021711715"></a><a name="li96021711715"></a>Description: Provides statistics on the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b19259114594715">SELECT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b12259445194717">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b17260645144718">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b16261134513476">DELETE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b19261114564716">MERGE INTO</strong> statements executed by all users on all nodes of the current cluster, response time, and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1622316281396">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li19211205994613">pgxc_get_workload_sql_count()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p7211259104612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li19211205994613"></a><a name="li19211205994613"></a>Description: Provides statistics on the number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b14249656124713">SELECT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b102490569471">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b5249656204718">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b724955684713">DELETE</strong> statements executed in all workload Cgroup on all CNs of the current cluster and the number of DDL, DML, and DCL statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p521255913463">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1119103115212">pgxc_get_workload_sql_elapse_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p181196311214"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1119103115212"></a><a name="li1119103115212"></a>Description: Provides statistics on response time of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b163719332530">SELECT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b96376339534">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b16637933125310">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b18637103365317">DELETE</strong> statements executed in all workload Cgroup on all CNs of the current cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p19119103119211">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1990618216466">get_instr_unique_sql()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p990652115463"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1990618216466"></a><a name="li1990618216466"></a>Description: Provides information about Unique SQL statistics collected on the current node. If the node is a CN, the system returns the complete information about the Unique SQL statistics collected on the CN. That is, the system collects and summarizes the information about the Unique SQL statistics on other CNs and DNs. If the node is a DN, the Unique SQL statistics on the DN is returned. For details, see GS_INSTR_UNIQUE_SQL.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2906921164620">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10965105224519">reset_instr_unique_sql(cstring, cstring, INT8)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p858885105013"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10965105224519"></a><a name="li10965105224519"></a>Description: Clears collected Unique SQL statistics. The input parameters are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul423903723117"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li19140927173120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b39261410950">GLOBAL</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b11181131554">LOCAL</strong>: Data is cleared from all nodes or the current node.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li41687274310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b194871224351">ALL</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1072312279518">BY_USERID</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b13156113114513">BY_CNID</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b62066341753">BY_GUC</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b599714615518">ALL</strong> indicates that all data is cleared. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b169801658659">BY_USERID/BY_CNID</strong> indicates that data is cleared by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b16145179619">USERID</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1954219868">CNID</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b196905281566">BY_GUC</strong> indicates that the clearance operation is caused by the decrease of the value of the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1734019439613">instr_unique_sql_count</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li21697271319">The third parameter corresponds to the second parameter. The parameter is invalid for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b2344173413718">ALL</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b19613143714711">BY_GUC</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1137919425310">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li841719242719">pgxc_get_instr_unique_sql()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p44171217277"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li841719242719"></a><a name="li841719242719"></a>Description: Provides complete information about Unique SQL statistics collected on all CNs in a cluster. This function can be executed only on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p164177219279">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li42691804333">get_instr_unique_sql_remote_cns()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1426915063317"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li42691804333"></a><a name="li42691804333"></a>Description: Provides complete information about Unique SQL statements collected on all CNs in the cluster, except the CN on which the function is being executed. This function can be executed only on CNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1426917073313">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l90e36b1635394934a09891c1bf7edb38">pgxc_get_node_env()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__abd40a82caf1943d89d2ba1d62ba6f922"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__l90e36b1635394934a09891c1bf7edb38"></a><a name="l90e36b1635394934a09891c1bf7edb38"></a>Description: Provides the environment variable information about all nodes in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ad05c43a83f044af18c180223483681e6">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__la07325c5285c4aed862a90f0daebadaa">gs_switch_relfilenode()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a4462c7a6369b412fb3ff008abeeebef5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__la07325c5285c4aed862a90f0daebadaa"></a><a name="la07325c5285c4aed862a90f0daebadaa"></a>Description: Exchanges meta information of two tables or partitions. (This is only used for the redistribution tool. An error message is displayed when the function is directly used by users).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__a108d392d9f6b4de682a567a95e4dcbd9">Return type: int</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li144841172189">copy_error_log_create()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p11489111720188"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li144841172189"></a><a name="li144841172189"></a>Description: Creates the error table (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b5277134318517">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong>) required for creating the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b22791843125117">COPY FROM</strong> error tolerance mechanism.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1649212172187">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text9105556192216">boolean</span></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__note1064319395209"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul31245139401"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1535115326494">This function attempts to create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1816855971519">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> table. For details about the table, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__table138318280213">Table 1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1512411314403">Create the B-tree index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b135320871811">relname</strong> column and execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b9119105031815">REVOKE ALL on public.pgxc_copy_error_log FROM public</strong> to manage permissions for the error table (the permissions are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b125101127115716">COPY</strong> statement).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li5133204153920"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b842352706192838">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> is a row-store table. Therefore, this function can be executed and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b20431437105218">COPY FROM</strong> error tolerance is available only when row-store tables can be created in the cluster. After the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b16650193815012">enable_hadoop_env</strong> is enabled, row-based tables cannot be created in the cluster. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1574011465506">off</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li5455644164011">Same as the error table and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b926604001123546">COPY</strong> statement, the function requires <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b49211628678">sysadmin</strong> or higher permissions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li6684196134317">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1424295211547">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> table or the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b7244105275419">copy_error_log_relname_idx</strong> index already exists before the function creates it, the function will report an error and roll back.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__table138318280213"></a><a name="table138318280213"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__table138318280213" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Error table public.pgxc_copy_error_log</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row48415282214"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p084142817211">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p198410281525">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p08411281214">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row65469159815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p195466152819">relname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p165477151182">varchar</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p3547141514816">Table name in the form of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i1630782015259">Schema name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b266202317257">.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i1282582642516">Table name</em></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row984112817210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1882414211083">begintime</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1082562116817">timestamp with time zone</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p17825921686">Time when a data format error was reported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row148502818216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1935720521277">filename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1535785215711">character varying</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p10357155215713">Name of the source data file where a data format error occurs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row1418810441476"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2035812521178">rownum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p12358205220716">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2358105218712">Number of the row where a data format error occurs in a source data file</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row181905441873"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p6358185215718">rawrecord</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p153583521175">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1135810527714">Raw record of a data format error in the source data file To prevent a field from being too long, the length of the field cannot exceed 1024 bytes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__row1487854919720"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p9359145212719">detail</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p83592521276">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.1.28.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p20359105219717">Error details</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li35096053518">pv_compute_pool_workload()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p9514150133512"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li35096053518"></a><a name="li35096053518"></a>Description: Provides the current load information about computing Node Groups on cloud.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p35161207358">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li9293856164614">pg_stat_get_status(tid, num_node_display)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p4797049515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li9293856164614"></a><a name="li9293856164614"></a>Description: Queries for the blocking and waiting status of the backend threads and auxiliary threads in the current instance. For details about the returned results, see the PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS view. The input parameters are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul2374015185110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1437421545110"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b63524113510">tid</strong>: thread ID, which is of the bigint type. If this parameter is null, the waiting statuses of all backend threads and auxiliary threads are returned. Otherwise, only the waiting statuses of threads with the specified IDs are returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1042819276465"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b6908831135218">num_node_display</strong>: integer type. Specifies the maximum number of waiting nodes displayed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b788814254197">wait_status</strong> column for records whose waiting status is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b3940959171919">wait node</strong>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul11820184484619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li153591730184616">If this parameter is left empty or set to a value less than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b34014128234">0</strong>, only one waiting node is displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li4387333104617">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1092451992311">20</strong>, a maximum number of nodes can be displayed is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b280195312314">20</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li93279360468">If the value is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1467381411265">0</strong> and less than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b15000181268">20</strong>, the smaller value between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b5689135092619">num_node_display</strong> and the actual number of waiting nodes is displayed. Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b992217182274">SELECT * from pg_stat_get_status(NULL, 10)</strong> query for example. If the number of waiting nodes is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1225142811273">10</strong>, the names of only 10 nodes are displayed randomly. If the number of waiting nodes is less than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b19571512913">10</strong>, the names of all waiting nodes are displayed. If the number of waiting nodes is greater than the number of displayed nodes, the displayed node names are randomly selected.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p12621741164813">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li139990371388">pgxc_get_thread_wait_status(num_node_display)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p258791751120"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li139990371388"></a><a name="li139990371388"></a>Description: Queries for the call hierarchy between threads generated by all SQL statements on each node in a cluster, as well as the block waiting status of each thread. For details about the returned results, see the PGXC_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS view. The type and meaning of the input parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b10594194210310">num_node_display</strong> are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b929913494310">pg_stat_get_status</strong> function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1784095120917">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li16454425125211">pgxc_os_run_info()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p427219369212"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li16454425125211"></a><a name="li16454425125211"></a>Description: Obtains the running status of the operating system on each node in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt;PV_OS_RUN_INFO" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i275694717420">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p91912411315">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1445416252525">get_instr_wait_event()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1759191815187"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1445416252525"></a><a name="li1445416252525"></a>Description: Obtains the waiting status and events of the current instance. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; GS_WAIT_EVENTS" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i104784236513">Developer Guide</em>. If the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b3518201283010">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b18887191713306">off</strong>, this function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b92072456356">0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p18454182555215">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li24541725165215">pgxc_wait_events()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p7207639181811"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li24541725165215"></a><a name="li24541725165215"></a>Description: queries statistics about waiting status and events on each node in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PGXC_WAIT_EVENTS" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i810244010411">Developer Guide</em>. If the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b705185606">enable_track_wait_event</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b201929369">off</strong>, this function returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1319759311">0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p11454202511521">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10454162514522">pgxc_stat_bgwriter()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1645532575220"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10454162514522"></a><a name="li10454162514522"></a>Description: queries statistics about backend write processes on each node in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PG_STAT_BGWRITER" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i553841125019">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p84553251521">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li945522514522">pgxc_stat_replication()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p34553254528"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li945522514522"></a><a name="li945522514522"></a>Description: queries information about the log synchronization status on each node in a cluster, such as the location where the logs are sent and received. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PG_STAT_REPLICATION" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i2493181212534">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1045518257527">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li154551259523">pgxc_replication_slots()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1045512512526"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li154551259523"></a><a name="li154551259523"></a>Description: queries the replication status on each DN in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i20516183725516">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p14551259529">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li345514256525">pgxc_settings()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1245552514525"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li345514256525"></a><a name="li345514256525"></a>Description: queries information about runtime parameters on each node in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PG_SETTINGS" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i10142195719555">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p145522518526">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li7455825135217">pgxc_instance_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p114559257523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li7455825135217"></a><a name="li7455825135217"></a>Description: queries the running time statistics of each node in a cluster and the time consumed in each execution phase. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PV_INSTANCE_TIME" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i103280455587">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p184551125205210">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li144551725175212">pg_stat_get_redo_stat()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p4455525115211"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li144551725175212"></a><a name="li144551725175212"></a>Description: queries Xlog redo statistics on the current node. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PV_REDO_STAT" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i2112440144215">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2455162517529">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li845552515529">pgxc_redo_stat()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p6455125115218"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li845552515529"></a><a name="li845552515529"></a>Description: queries the Xlog redo statistics of each node in a cluster. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; PV_REDO_STAT" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i2039914993211">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p15455132512520">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1345513252522">get_local_rel_iostat()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p7455182575215"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li1345513252522"></a><a name="li1345513252522"></a>Description: Obtains the disk I/O statistics of the current instance. For details about the returned results, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; GS_REL_IOSTAT" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i157036138114">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1645512565219">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10455925105213">pgxc_rel_iostat()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p16455192517523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li10455925105213"></a><a name="li10455925105213"></a>Description: queries the disk I/O statistics on each node in a cluster. For details about the returned result, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; GS_REL_IOSTAT" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i146029451234">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p13455162535216">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li245552518521">get_node_stat_reset_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p2455172515211"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li245552518521"></a><a name="li245552518521"></a>Description: Obtains the time when statistics of the current instance were reset.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p145612565218">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li17456925155211">pgxc_node_stat_reset_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p1145620254523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li17456925155211"></a><a name="li17456925155211"></a>Description: queries the time when the statistics of each node in a cluster are reset. For details about the returned result, see "System Catalogs &gt; System Views &gt; GS_NODE_STAT_RESET_TIME" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__i1866584316413">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p04561525105212">Return type: record</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__note1042022135314"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p123339388162">When an instance is running, its statistics keep rising. In the following cases, the statistical values in the memory will be reset to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b5536183916429">0</strong>:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__ul12456142519526"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li54562250523">The instance is restarted or a cluster switchover occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li245612511523">The database is deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__li164564259523">A reset operation is performed. For example, the statistics counter in the database is reset using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1448552994715">pgstat_recv_resetcounter</strong> function or the Unique SQL statements are cleared using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b1068215362536">reset_instr_unique_sql</strong> function.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__p8529105414160">If any of the preceding events occurs, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__text212614122172">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will record the time when the statistics are reset. You can query the time using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__b7383153535712">get_node_stat_reset_time</strong> function.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0063.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0063.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..470b3498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0063.html
@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Resource Management Functions</h1>
+<div id="body0000001073215441"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p8060118">This section describes the functions of the resource management module.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul9491164685010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li54911846105010">gs_wlm_readjust_user_space(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1142493224915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li54911846105010"></a><a name="li54911846105010"></a>Description: This function calibrates the permanent storage space of a user. The input parameter is the user OID. If the input parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b18709165414915">0</strong>, the permanent storage space of all users is calibrated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p3983205915578">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p871091715580">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen135252525912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_readjust_user_space</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">gs_wlm_readjust_user_space</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="k">Exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul1764113917597"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li12764239125915">pgxc_wlm_readjust_schema_space()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p418510119017"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li12764239125915"></a><a name="li12764239125915"></a>Description: This function calibrates the permanent storage space of a schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p184156271013">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p91851311205">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen15271330405"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_readjust_schema_space</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pgxc_wlm_readjust_schema_space</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------</span>
+<span class="k">Exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul13824811225"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1095131411616">pgxc_wlm_get_schema_space(cstring)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6678135441616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1095131411616"></a><a name="li1095131411616"></a>Description: Obtains the schema space of each instance in a specified logical cluster on the CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1152911032011">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6529200162017">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table1587313721120" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row587317101113"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__afbe7fe3528aa4d23a961fb047a3be366">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a32766e1c79fc45b5a8bc604d73582551">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a37865a77d1a4411998bbb8d0892f7e33">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row787497121111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p432671020129">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p143261210131217">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15326171012129">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row1787547171111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p332651091213">schemaid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p732614103123">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1632620101123">Schema OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row118755711117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p432651018120">databasename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1432671091214">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p03261910121211">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row98766714113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p9327111061218">databaseid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p732712100122">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15327810171215">Database OID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row188777741116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1932751011129">nodename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p132713102122">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p4327101018122">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row11877778116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1032761014125">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15327610161211">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p7327121061212">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row1878379117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1632715104128">usedspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1327510111217">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p153281106123">Size of the used space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row115153018129"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1328191020127">permspace</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p532811018124">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.3.4.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p11328810121211">Upper limit of the space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p63106407219">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen1131054012218"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_get_schema_space</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'group1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">schemaname</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">schemaid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">databasename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">databaseid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">nodegroup</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usedspace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">permspace</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------+----------+--------------+------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">9469952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2200</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">25280512</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_toast</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1859584</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstore</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">18106</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">655360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">18116</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2200</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3987</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3988</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3987</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3988</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">11693</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">11693</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14644</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14669</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14674</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14662</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_random</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14666</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_lob</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14701</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14644</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14662</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_random</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14666</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14669</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14674</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_lob</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14701</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">13049856</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">redisuser</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">16387</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">630784</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_toast</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3080192</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstore</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2408448</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">9469952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2200</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">25214976</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_toast</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1859584</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstore</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">18106</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">655360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">18116</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2200</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3987</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3988</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">15253</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3987</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3988</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li526219462314">pgxc_wlm_analyze_schema_space(cstring)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6262114152319"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li526219462314"></a><a name="li526219462314"></a>Description: Obtains the schema space of a specified logical cluster on the CN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p926218422310">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1262134122316">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table658853319247" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row12588103362410"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p158811337249">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16588153302416">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p758833310241">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row18588173314243"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p2588143362411">schemaname</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p45881833102415">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15884335242">Schema name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row9588173362418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p205881733132411">databasename</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p0588183372417">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p158873372410">Database name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row65881733112415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p175881033142417">nodegroup</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p12589203312248">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6589193315240">Name of the node group</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row1558918333248"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p19589103302411">total_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p125891033152416">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p858983310243">Total cluster space in the current schema</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row65891333122419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p2589163310249">avg_value</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1858913336242">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p11589333102410">Average space of instances in the current schema</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row15559202516135"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p855932517138">skew_percent</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p5559182541314">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p655962561312">Skew ratio</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row182701820121317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p22701207131">extend_info</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p927082017130">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="60%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p52704201130">Extended information, including the maximum space of a single instance, minimum space of a single instance, and name of the instance with the maximum or minimum space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1726416452316">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen52641417232"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_wlm_analyze_schema_space</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'group1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">schemaname</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">databasename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">nodegroup</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">avg_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skew_percent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">extend_info</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">56819712</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">9469952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9469952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9469952</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">150495232</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">25082538</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">24903680</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">25280512</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_toast</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">11157504</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1859584</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1859584</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1859584</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstore</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1966080</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">327680</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">655360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_redis</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">98304</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_om</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_job</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_random</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_lob</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1769472</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1769472</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">294912</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_random</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utl_raw</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_sql</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_lob</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">75431936</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">12571989</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12124160</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13049856</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">redisuser</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1884160</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">314026</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">16384</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">630784</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_toast</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">17154048</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2859008</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2637824</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3080192</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstore</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">installation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">15294464</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2549077</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">min</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2408448</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">max</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2703360</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1171281313511">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action(cstring,cstring,int4)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p17712313183518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1171281313511"></a><a name="li1171281313511"></a>Description: Sets the action and query order of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b042915431538">query_band</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16712813193516">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__text17885115472214">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p571291312355">The following table describes the input parameters.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table57122138357" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row177121613133510"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p671216131354">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1871216133358">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1171211137354">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row671251333514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1571211313354">qband</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p14368192313372">cstring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1271251314353">Query band key-value pair. The maximum length is 63 characters.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row1171215138351"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p66411524163719">action</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p365722483716">cstring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p3713121363510">Action associated to a query band</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row147131713143520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p07136136357">order</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p12713201312357">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p187133133351">Query band query order. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b4358194516568">-1</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p13713101363518">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen127134139359"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a=1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'respool=p1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a=3'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'respool=p1;priority=rush'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li0469141964018">gs_wlm_set_queryband_order(cstring,int4)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6469119114013"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li0469141964018"></a><a name="li0469141964018"></a>Description: Sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b28331534135917">query_band</strong> query order.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1146931964019">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__text28594852019">boolean</span></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p64691519144020">The following table describes the input parameters.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table4469191918404" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row17469131964016"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p14469131910409">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p047061944017">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p14705198401">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row154701819184010"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1947011954015">qband</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p74701219174014">cstring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1147021944017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b20509723192113">query_band</strong> key-value pairs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row104702194409"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p8470131910402">order</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1947018199400">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16470419134019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b1969845812012">query_band</strong> query order. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b99010174220">-1</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p247031924012">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen4470141994019"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a=1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_set_queryband_action</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li63691617104113">gs_wlm_get_queryband_action(cstring)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p103691517164120"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li63691617104113"></a><a name="li63691617104113"></a>Description: Obtains the action and query order of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b1682019461213">query_band</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p10369111719411">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p736991794112">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table836901714111" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row15370101724116"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p9370141713416">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p19370017184113">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p637021720412">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row6370717104112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p7370717144120">qband</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p33706177416">cstring</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p337091714411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b635051505">query_band</strong> key-value pairs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row83701178413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p18370131794116">respool_id</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1937031714115">Oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6881042194219">OID of the resource pool associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b184970381745">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row735818152429"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p153587159423">respool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p14358141564215">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1535812151425">Name of the resource pool associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b83992505420">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row42362199426"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p423681914429">priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16236151914428">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p223671904212">Intra-queue priority associated with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b1920719272516">query_band</strong></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row6164523144216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p10164122324214">qborder</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p19164172374220">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.5.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p5164112354214"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b4773113052213">query_band</strong> query order</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1370917184113">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen237031784113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_wlm_get_queryband_action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a=1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">qband</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">respool_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">respool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">priority</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">qborder</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------+---------+----------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">16388</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Medium</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li19824191119216">gs_cgroup_reload_conf()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p104304214212"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li19824191119216"></a><a name="li19824191119216"></a>Description: This function loads the Cgroup configuration file online on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1172612409214">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p892614918516">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a8f18d3f0e5cd44d096020df47ca28e00">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__aecd744296d7d4b0397b2fe1fd923b6bf">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a8579d68414bb40968ecb2f54fd50bfa3">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ad7f3b45edf4748ef8bf45be74968b4ac">node_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a0b778f8c6817439484fd5f0cb1d91e8b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__abd4a7662d8784ec1890fd6e25a2ce17d">IP address of the node where the instance is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a09bb26374b104b3fb29bbe2a80ef226a">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__abe1aa36777e444c48c10c68dea6d28bd">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.4.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a08d938eccee84d42b9018a66f6b6784c">Whether Cgroup online loading is successful</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1695213918914">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen1025716282113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gs_cgroup_reload_conf</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">node_host</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+----------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul17685736497"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li968523611918">pgxc_cgroup_reload_conf()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1068553615918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li968523611918"></a><a name="li968523611918"></a>Description: This function loads the Cgroup configuration file online on all instances of the system.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16685113612913">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1168516367918">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table116854361599" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row16854361291"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p668511361495">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p26851736498">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p2068514361398">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row168520369913"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p5685193611913">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15685736692">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p186851036393">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row16858362914"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p0685336596">node_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p368511362916">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p96852367917">IP address of the node where the instance is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row36851736297"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1268518361297">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1685936590">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.5.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1968510361499">Whether Cgroup online loading is successful</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1268511361999">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen19259447213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_cgroup_reload_conf</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">node_host</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+-----------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6025_6026</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">177</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6049_6050</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6051_6052</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6055_6056</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6067_6068</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">57</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6023_6024</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6009_6010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6011_6012</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6015_6016</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6029_6030</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">177</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6031_6032</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">177</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6045_6046</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5003</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6061_6062</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5006</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5004</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">177</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5002</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5005</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6019_6020</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6007_6008</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6071_6072</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">57</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6003_6004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6013_6014</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6035_6036</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6037_6038</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6063_6064</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6005_6006</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6057_6058</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6069_6070</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">57</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6027_6028</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">177</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6059_6060</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6041_6042</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6043_6044</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6047_6048</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6033_6034</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6065_6066</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">181</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">57</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6021_6022</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6017_6018</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6039_6040</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">187</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6053_6054</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">179</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">79</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul925611241217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li6256212131211">pgxc_cgroup_reload_conf(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1425631215123"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li6256212131211"></a><a name="li6256212131211"></a>Description: This function loads the Cgroup configuration file online on a node. The input parameter is the IP address of the node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p172561912151213">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p112561612201211">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__table925651231219" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row19256111220125"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" id="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p112567122128">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" id="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p125617126121">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" id="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p4256181211123">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row14256312181216"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1925601213125">node_name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p125631215127">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1825616127121">Instance name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row1025651211123"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p9256151291215">node_host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1425651251211">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1325601201213">IP address of the node where the instance is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__row112561912131210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19.09%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p14257111261216">result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="21%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p2257141241214">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.91%" headers="mcps1.3.6.1.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p225711121124">Whether Cgroup online loading is successful</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p10257512131218">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__screen146211161848"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgxc_cgroup_reload_conf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.178.35'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">node_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">node_host</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cn_5001</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6007_6008</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6003_6004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dn_6005_6006</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">192</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">168</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">178</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">success</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li118331261745">pg_wlm_jump_queue(pid int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p3412501141"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li118331261745"></a><a name="li118331261745"></a>Description: Moves a task to the top of the CN queue.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p19311721548">Return type: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1347711534317">Note: Each of these functions returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b177701764013">true</strong> if they are successful and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b207701768012">false</strong> otherwise.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1856919317410">gs_wlm_switch_cgroup(pid int, cgroup text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p2261139440"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1856919317410"></a><a name="li1856919317410"></a>Description: Moves a job to other Cgroup to improve the job priority.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p10271239448">Return type: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p6427333121114">Note: Each of these functions returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b6970171315014">true</strong> if they are successful and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__b7970913501">false</strong> otherwise.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1663883882619">gs_wlm_node_recover(boolean isForce)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p16638738162612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li1663883882619"></a><a name="li1663883882619"></a>Description: Updates and restores job information and counts on the CCN in dynamic resource management mode. This function can be executed only by administrators, and is usually used to restore a faulty CN after it was restarted. This function is called by the Cluster Manager (CM). Its usages are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ul14159634171210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li14292133261217">If this function is executed by CN, it instructs the CCN to clear job information and counts on the CN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li182931532131217">If this function is executed by CCN, it resets job counts and obtains the latest slow lane job information from the CN.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1084223820124">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li5530164392616">gs_wlm_node_clean(cstring nodename)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p55307437260"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li5530164392616"></a><a name="li5530164392616"></a>Description: On the CCN in dynamic resource management mode, clears the job information and counts of a specified CN. This function can be executed only by administrators, and is usually used to restore a faulty CN after it was restarted. This function is called by the Cluster Manager (CM). Generally, users are not advised to call it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p1254310123275">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li878915244353">pg_stat_get_wlm_node_resource_info(int4)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p153372617385"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__li878915244353"></a><a name="li878915244353"></a>Description: Displays the summary of all DN resources.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p18120677466">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__p15664141220429">The following table describes return columns.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__t040035450d4b45e184c38e8adde2f196" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r82f1e9e6ba8a432fa0505ca1baae5bf4"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ad0171ec93e304971b233fbb24c8c9ca2">Column</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ac3db39da9f5e4d2b9ac752c962df9bab">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a66dd18c864c54a9ea594b9565b475aec">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__re0280d50fc3042c486c4c8c879863717"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a0bee2dccc7064ea8bba25b4aaf9af17b">min_mem_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ac45000d84a3344a7ade67a2f4ce448e2">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a81e32f98e3794454b775ff7b27089480">Minimum memory usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__rc5c6e84192e340e8a4ec24977eb442c0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a68d7811951ca44ddb4c6e7b3276ddbb2">max_mem_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a5bffec3c674740349fbc130c3e204c11">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__af80a26b9933e437e9b1c93b11ceecdda">Maximum memory usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__rf45f33f15d924ef58db549cb570c3e44"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__afe8a4c4ca133465baaedab91f10d0280">min_cpu_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a5e907296a17843e9894df3d5b06d7503">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a989536f87161429793c7371c6cb902b1">Minimum CPU usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r3832b3d187c84b9dbdc3d7fcaaddaf1f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a42d7c7b9c772466295ba7dedd0f8d031">max_cpu_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ae22502e9cdc54b069148c0c805a97990">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__aa00e913109f940a0abfbfa62dabb6e8c">Maximum CPU usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r780ecffa22eb41b19e125c368a2f51c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a6bee24b616d947058585754f5f9ef2a6">min_io_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a3842d1b201f94644b7f8484093b5d5a5">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__ab012665d0b5542ac937648bd29a3903d">Minimum I/O usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__r75359e8d07604d4fade4809aab36544b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a5f3df740f71443d39ad29927602f4c45">max_io_util</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__af95a19c16255428f8b7a03207835f110">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__acec58ad0ba8e4f9b93802d061a69c9ac">Maximum I/O usage of a DN</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__re1da734b0920470aa829c742882d62a4"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.369999999999997%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a8f9ec0992b634360a1acf345b55b3c54">phy_usemem_rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.79%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a43a5c6ceec0e41a896cec8a5e809ab16">integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="62.839999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.6.6.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710923__a999bf39acbb14318ae2f5a5dc6b037b2">Maximum physical memory usage</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0052.html">System Administration Functions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0064.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0064.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74fe2eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0064.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Data Redaction Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1579576763720"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p2023316489113">Data redaction functions are used to mask and protect sensitive data. Generally, you are advised to bind these functions to the columns to be redacted based on the data redaction syntax, rather than use them directly on query statements.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__ul1857794618218"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li2577946321">mask_none(column_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p4375225133715"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li2577946321"></a><a name="li2577946321"></a>Description: Masks no data (for internal tests only).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p3440161818382">Return type: same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b94731616357">column_name</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li45771006314">mask_full(column_name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p1631317034114"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li45771006314"></a><a name="li45771006314"></a>Description: Replaces all data with a fixed value. The fixed value varies depending on the data type of the redacted column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p17422657194217">Return type: same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b12926165714612">column_name</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li3656391574">mask_partial(column_name, mask_digital, mask_from[, mask_to])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p769914223582"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li3656391574"></a><a name="li3656391574"></a>Description: Replaces the digits from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1589116223819">mask_from</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b47902361882">mask_to</strong> position in a number with the digit specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b774091196">mask_digital</strong>. The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b206241114365">mask_to</strong> can be used, which indicates that the digits from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b13669546163715">mask_from</strong> position to the end of the number are replaced. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b16712204011383">mask_digital</strong> can only be a digit from 0 to 9.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p1673314454594">Return type: same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b14762174114318">column_name</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li152295913313">mask_partial(column_name [, input_format, output_format], mask_char, mask_from[, mask_to])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p1721450184820"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li152295913313"></a><a name="li152295913313"></a>Description: Replaces the digits from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b166611320518">mask_from</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1466115305111">mask_to</strong> position in a string with the character specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b187733675010">mask_char</strong> based on the given input and output formats.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p44461840292">Parameter description:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__ul396918861012"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li11666754690">input_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p114111041712"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li11666754690"></a><a name="li11666754690"></a>The input format is a character string of V and F, whose length is the same as that of the data in the redacted column. Characters in positions corresponding to V may be masked, and characters in positions corresponding to F are skipped. The V character string specifies which characters are to be masked. The input and output formats apply to data with a fixed length, such as bank card numbers, ID card numbers, and phone numbers.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li18125122115102">output_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p161776620139"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li18125122115102"></a><a name="li18125122115102"></a>The output format is a character string of V and any other character, whose length is the same as that of the data in the redacted column. V characters correspond to those in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b11917358165110">input_format</strong>, and other characters correspond to the F characters in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b8641163095217">input_format</strong>. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p664732716174">For parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1022716456312">input_format</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b544317499312">output_format</strong>, you can use their default values or set them to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b546617610421">""</strong>. In this case, there is no requirement for the input or output format, and the whole string will be masked.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li883632415101">mask_char<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p113461522163"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li883632415101"></a><a name="li883632415101"></a>Masking character, which can be any one character, for example, an asterisk (*) or a number sign (#).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li194691927161013">mask_from<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p17328184810185"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li194691927161013"></a><a name="li194691927161013"></a>First character in the string that will be masked. The value must be greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b103254227416">0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li5489230161010">mask_to<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p14303192112194"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li5489230161010"></a><a name="li5489230161010"></a>Last character in the string that will be masked. The default value can be used, which indicates that the character from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b6727458124419">mask_from</strong> position to the last character of the string will be masked.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p599104510496">Return type: same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b51478275466">column_name</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li207601345741">mask_partial(column_name, mask_field1, mask_value1, mask_field2, mask_value2, mask_field3, mask_value3)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p9198182219111"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li207601345741"></a><a name="li207601345741"></a>Description: Masks a date or time based on three specified fields. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b144414442141">mask_value</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b10702149101419">-1</strong>, the corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b5652041819">mask_field</strong> is not masked. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b12542164771811">mask_field</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1622415591812">month</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1532310114195">day</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b8769361191">year</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b12785111221911">hour</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b16450418161910">minute</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b17227143081915">second</strong>. The value range of each field must be within that of the actual time unit.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p19432134612294">Return type: same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__b1724480183">column_name</strong></p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__note16337191611512"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p171717331517">Redaction functions are recommended if you want to create redaction policies.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p7603712135210">For details about how to use data redaction functions, see the examples in "Database Security Management &gt; Managing Users and Their Permissions &gt; Data Redaction" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__i114271730102415">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__section1435103610126"><h4 class="sectiontitle">User-Defined Redaction Functions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p9419172671016">You can use the PL/pgSQL language to customize redaction functions.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p1774511212033">User-defined redaction functions must meet the following requirements:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__ul1736765821515"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li10367145831516">The return type must be the same as the data type of the redacted column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li14368125821516">The functions can be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li436895841519">In addition to the redaction format, only one column can be specified in the argument list for data redaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__li1336875815155">The functions only implement the formatting for specific data types and do not involve complex association operations with other table objects.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830847__p20663231830">If either of the first two requirements is not met, an error will be reported when you create a redaction policy. If either of the last two requirements is not met, unexpected problems may occur in query execution results.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Statistics Information Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__en-us_topic_0059778627_p179415595211">Statistics information functions are divided into the following two categories: functions that access databases, using the OID of each table or index in a database to mark the database for which statistics are generated; functions that access servers, identified by the server process ID, whose value ranges from 1 to the number of currently active servers.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ufbe7a89d8cf04f2fac7562cf7affb6ab"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb86d0820034a4106877d0f53597eeaf2">pg_stat_get_db_numbackends(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a767abe6bd6a441c688f6bc01b009fe95"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb86d0820034a4106877d0f53597eeaf2"></a><a name="lb86d0820034a4106877d0f53597eeaf2"></a>Description: Obtains the number of active server threads of a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afd8ef83fa55345d48c9d6d0336ef3c18">Return type: integer</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li486519411105">pg_stat_get_db_total_numbackends(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1986694113106"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li486519411105"></a><a name="li486519411105"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of active server threads of a specified database on all CNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of active server threads of a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p886615416103">Return type: integer</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lffd25764f1484c6a816ef237b4bcb54f">pg_stat_get_db_xact_commit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a60a21b3ee5e0435e8a372b431075a34c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lffd25764f1484c6a816ef237b4bcb54f"></a><a name="lffd25764f1484c6a816ef237b4bcb54f"></a>Description: Obtains the number of committed transactions in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a5f7c628e78cc40bfa14db38010144963">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1175017596295">pg_stat_get_db_total_xact_commit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1675025972918"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1175017596295"></a><a name="li1175017596295"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of committed transactions in a specified database on all CNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of committed transactions in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1075025902911">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5cbedc73678942848dd561dd09a014e9">pg_stat_get_db_xact_rollback(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a6129c84691f6449f8c10227cd006732b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5cbedc73678942848dd561dd09a014e9"></a><a name="l5cbedc73678942848dd561dd09a014e9"></a>Description: Obtains the number of rollback transactions in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a260ba37cf9bd438783ec4bd4ea24d687">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li942453143013">pg_stat_get_db_total_xact_rollback(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1742416318303"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li942453143013"></a><a name="li942453143013"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of rollback transactions in a specified database on all CNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of rollback transactions in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p14241431103011">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb00a6aef06024d82bd18e4f21f6c027f">pg_stat_get_db_blocks_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a53f6d29a37d94175856d084446d4f0eb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb00a6aef06024d82bd18e4f21f6c027f"></a><a name="lb00a6aef06024d82bd18e4f21f6c027f"></a>Description: Obtains the number of disk block fetch requests in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a9fb874ceb22e4ff286ebae52b1cbaaa5">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li107331952370">pg_stat_get_db_total_blocks_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4733165173718"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li107331952370"></a><a name="li107331952370"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of disk block fetch requests in a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of disk block fetch requests in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p273317517372">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l4a798503fd0a4217be490869859176ec">pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac5273fcf14ba461d80b1c1534ca4597c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l4a798503fd0a4217be490869859176ec"></a><a name="l4a798503fd0a4217be490869859176ec"></a>Description: Obtains the number of requested disk blocks found in the cache in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2cebd436a77547118e91920d6ebf6c4b">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li135611024173812">pg_stat_get_db_total_blocks_hit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p18561112417382"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li135611024173812"></a><a name="li135611024173812"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of requested disk blocks found in the cache in a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of requested disk blocks found in the cache in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p115612241388">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l7366b0f4057446dd8aae39fe8c3f651c">pg_stat_get_db_tuples_returned(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aa8c78d52fb0f413cb1ee3f5c04436afa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l7366b0f4057446dd8aae39fe8c3f651c"></a><a name="l7366b0f4057446dd8aae39fe8c3f651c"></a>Description: Obtains the number of tuples returned for a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a0121049bb31942e7979bd8dea0f623d1">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li6996183312394">pg_stat_get_db_total_tuples_returned(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4996133203917"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li6996183312394"></a><a name="li6996183312394"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of tuples returned for a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of tuples returned for a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1996733103919">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8e88fb0fa2bb430a8857e47a1d58a572">pg_stat_get_db_tuples_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1270e0bd08bf4748af4c57de551e4289"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8e88fb0fa2bb430a8857e47a1d58a572"></a><a name="l8e88fb0fa2bb430a8857e47a1d58a572"></a>Description: Obtains the number of tuples read from a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a84cb161d19404d85a61a95b336422797">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11679121811443">pg_stat_get_db_total_tuples_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p86791118104412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11679121811443"></a><a name="li11679121811443"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of tuples read from a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of tuples read from a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15679151854412">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l430ad100267844c5ab77a91656826e49">pg_stat_get_db_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a86f6d685d1094f61becf01a7c593ee18"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l430ad100267844c5ab77a91656826e49"></a><a name="l430ad100267844c5ab77a91656826e49"></a>Description: Obtains the number of tuples inserted into a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a4c4bbcc271fd4edbbe901a917fa5f4f4">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li24441113124520">pg_stat_get_db_total_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p12445171344518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li24441113124520"></a><a name="li24441113124520"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of tuples inserted into a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of tuples inserted into a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p19445313204516">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__la7c93e27161b4368899eb92e6c474001">pg_stat_get_db_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a4c4f411bc05a4ca4889cae407dd83b77"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__la7c93e27161b4368899eb92e6c474001"></a><a name="la7c93e27161b4368899eb92e6c474001"></a>Description: Obtains the number of updated tuples in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac30b4ad247064dc2bb274bbebd6dd335">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li154721518184615">pg_stat_get_db_total_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p108339190468"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li154721518184615"></a><a name="li154721518184615"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of updated tuples in a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of updated tuples in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1283311915467">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8b645d74b71e4a39a43413f5ce14ce36">pg_stat_get_db_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1365245ee872413d93193f0595d83894"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8b645d74b71e4a39a43413f5ce14ce36"></a><a name="l8b645d74b71e4a39a43413f5ce14ce36"></a>Description: Obtains the number of tuples deleted from a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac787b847926f49feaf917287f10f99ef">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li469741911484">pg_stat_get_db_total_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p18697151954814"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li469741911484"></a><a name="li469741911484"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of tuples deleted from a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of tuples deleted from a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1969712193485">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3473135789">pg_stat_get_db_conflict_lock(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p10592137141314"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3473135789"></a><a name="li3473135789"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of conflicting locks in a specified database on all CNs and DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of conflicting locks in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1759293720135">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1372175310717">pg_stat_get_db_deadlocks(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p72221234151417"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1372175310717"></a><a name="li1372175310717"></a>Description: Obtains the number of deadlocks in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1122214344142">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li993151155211">pg_stat_get_db_total_deadlocks(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p97691228132220"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li993151155211"></a><a name="li993151155211"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of deadlocks in a specified database on all CNs and DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of deadlocks in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1193205195214">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li79314518528">pg_stat_get_db_conflict_all(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1193351125214"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li79314518528"></a><a name="li79314518528"></a>Description: Obtains the number of conflict recoveries in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1393185165211">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3931451135210">pg_stat_get_db_total_conflict_all(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2093185145211"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3931451135210"></a><a name="li3931451135210"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of conflict recoveries in a specified database on all CNs and DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of conflict recoveries in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15931751205215">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li893175105212">pg_stat_get_db_temp_files(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p10931151165219"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li893175105212"></a><a name="li893175105212"></a>Description: Obtains the number of temporary files created in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p693115116529">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li119335105210">pg_stat_get_db_total_temp_files(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p593195118524"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li119335105210"></a><a name="li119335105210"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of temporary files created in a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of temporary files created in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11937512521">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1593205115522">pg_stat_get_db_temp_bytes(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p0933519527"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1593205115522"></a><a name="li1593205115522"></a>Description: Obtains the number of bytes of the temporary files created in a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p10931751105210">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li793205185211">pg_stat_get_db_total_temp_bytes(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p393155117524"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li793205185211"></a><a name="li793205185211"></a>Description: Obtains the total number of bytes of the temporary files created in a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the number of bytes of the temporary files created in a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p179345112529">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li59412516523">pg_stat_get_db_blk_read_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1594165125214"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li59412516523"></a><a name="li59412516523"></a>Description: Obtains the time required for reading data blocks from a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p169415135210">Return type: double</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li15941513523">pg_stat_get_db_total_blk_read_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p19941051105210"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li15941513523"></a><a name="li15941513523"></a>Description: Obtains the total time required for reading data blocks from a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the time required for reading data blocks from a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15943514523">Return type: double</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li69419517527">pg_stat_get_db_blk_write_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p694651125214"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li69419517527"></a><a name="li69419517527"></a>Description: Obtains the time required for writing data blocks to a specified database on the current instance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p89465105217">Return type: double</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li49425135214">pg_stat_get_db_total_blk_write_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1794951175213"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li49425135214"></a><a name="li49425135214"></a>Description: Obtains the total time required for writing data blocks to a specified database on all DNs in a cluster (if this function is executed on a CN), or obtains the time required for writing data blocks to a specified database on the current instance (if this function is executed on a DN).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p89465175218">Return type: double</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l6c99bac974ac450eb645ccefba142517">pg_stat_get_numscans(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac722fabed85d4716b1aaa8087c3bae32"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l6c99bac974ac450eb645ccefba142517"></a><a name="l6c99bac974ac450eb645ccefba142517"></a>Description: Number of sequential row scans done if parameters are in a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a9d3ac673d60d4adba5af547bf09ae393">or number of index scans done if parameters are in an index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a708d6c5759e349589def68dcf5cfaabc">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l739a7d4b7e9144a7bfcafe2998638a94">pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a41be3c8dbf474684a281b2f20a47d669"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l739a7d4b7e9144a7bfcafe2998638a94"></a><a name="l739a7d4b7e9144a7bfcafe2998638a94"></a>Description: Number of sequential row scans done if parameters are in a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a7e52029cf78b4f3fa59eff448e84b8ed">or number of index entries returned if parameters are in an index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__acfbb0ab0bcc4446bafe4f01df921b415">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ledbbe7049d8542df8697ef059cd9b36f">pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a0fe1d55f265949da9510d30950b6191e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ledbbe7049d8542df8697ef059cd9b36f"></a><a name="ledbbe7049d8542df8697ef059cd9b36f"></a>Description: Number of table rows fetched by bitmap scans if parameters are in a table, </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a9c9fbfcfaf484105bf193ce9e4f1396c">or table rows fetched by simple index scans using the index if parameters are in an index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ab7a33cfbcf744155ac298e62f63c840d">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5eb975e9175c450eaab87bd4a05de258">pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a00fc408b2e1a42f7ae5c794b533d583a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5eb975e9175c450eaab87bd4a05de258"></a><a name="l5eb975e9175c450eaab87bd4a05de258"></a>Description: Number of rows inserted into table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a744252b39b3a4b15843dad50520ea81a">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__laa7762cb75f54977907c8758e5b14152">pg_stat_get_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__abc1702d2daaf4a1aa5759e90fd3c6928"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__laa7762cb75f54977907c8758e5b14152"></a><a name="laa7762cb75f54977907c8758e5b14152"></a>Description: Number of rows updated in table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1e80f5fc908f409297b18e822d420d70">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l664b62ba4f9740babe242eeaa6505e94">pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aee4a7a25d4e24075bd1d7aec62ec6d77"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l664b62ba4f9740babe242eeaa6505e94"></a><a name="l664b62ba4f9740babe242eeaa6505e94"></a>Description: Number of rows deleted from table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac095658200bc43a99fc07272a6108082">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li124141145152014">pg_stat_get_tuples_changed(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p10418124517205"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li124141145152014"></a><a name="li124141145152014"></a>Description: Total number of inserted, updated, and deleted rows after the table was last analyzed or autoanalyzed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p441918452202">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5c9e534f8a6947e7a2526dbe3de8e5a9">pg_stat_get_tuples_hot_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ab5c3a524264046ceaffe636267ba5b4a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l5c9e534f8a6947e7a2526dbe3de8e5a9"></a><a name="l5c9e534f8a6947e7a2526dbe3de8e5a9"></a>Description: Number of rows HOT-updated in table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aba4a0eab01b543ffbda6a47033c724a0">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l18c35140f74e40d9ba2399ab134f1b12">pg_stat_get_live_tuples(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ab7cb72e10536466589999cb748ac3723"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l18c35140f74e40d9ba2399ab134f1b12"></a><a name="l18c35140f74e40d9ba2399ab134f1b12"></a>Description: Number of live rows in table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ada146b2879374262a6b584f56d6e50cd">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l351f5b7a7f4042eeab6d11f1c3b514ff">pg_stat_get_dead_tuples(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a5fb6fcb858664db5b14b8e5df5137d04"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l351f5b7a7f4042eeab6d11f1c3b514ff"></a><a name="l351f5b7a7f4042eeab6d11f1c3b514ff"></a>Description: Number of dead rows in table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a331816696b8a427e981d87cc9e97eb8c">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l861d0a59e5684089918476a3adc830b3">pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__af570ba932b704ea6ad53e14594ae71dd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l861d0a59e5684089918476a3adc830b3"></a><a name="l861d0a59e5684089918476a3adc830b3"></a>Description: Number of disk block fetch requests for table or index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2616242e3d734135b6b83a3f59e10b58">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l50a6bd847a994dbe87bb3c10539e1a44">pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ab35e19cb38ea442d9c2d060e37cbfbf4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l50a6bd847a994dbe87bb3c10539e1a44"></a><a name="l50a6bd847a994dbe87bb3c10539e1a44"></a>Description: Number of disk block requests found in cache for table or index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a6e30f03235da4e0ebf346cd0ec4492cc">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li164574385413">pg_stat_get_partition_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1845820383415"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li164574385413"></a><a name="li164574385413"></a>Description: Number of rows in the corresponding table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p16459113824119">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li8460113874110">pg_stat_get_partition_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p184631387411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li8460113874110"></a><a name="li8460113874110"></a>Description: Number of rows that have been updated in the corresponding table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2046410385413">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li20465338174118">pg_stat_get_partition_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15365126175118"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li20465338174118"></a><a name="li20465338174118"></a>Description: Number of rows deleted from the corresponding table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4468153874114">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12469238194119">pg_stat_get_partition_tuples_changed(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p14470133844115"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12469238194119"></a><a name="li12469238194119"></a>Description: Total number of inserted, updated, and deleted rows after the table partition was last analyzed or autoanalyzed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p74715389412">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li5476123874120">pg_stat_get_partition_live_tuples(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1547917385415"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li5476123874120"></a><a name="li5476123874120"></a>Description: Number of live rows in a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p448118382412">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1548213818411">pg_stat_get_partition_dead_tuples(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p5484183864113"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1548213818411"></a><a name="li1548213818411"></a>Description: Number of dead rows in a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p184851838134113">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li552911213304">pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p419901133110"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li552911213304"></a><a name="li552911213304"></a>Description: Number of tuple inserted into the active subtransactions related to the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p192001111143115">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li05589124307">pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11439111419339"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li05589124307"></a><a name="li05589124307"></a>Description: Number of deleted tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p6441414113316">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li6558101293018">pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_hot_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p961982703313"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li6558101293018"></a><a name="li6558101293018"></a>Description: Number of hot updated tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1621152773314">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li107591637143019">pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1592074873314"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li107591637143019"></a><a name="li107591637143019"></a>Description: Number of updated tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1921154818335">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li75598124305">pg_stat_get_xact_partition_tuples_inserted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p101133111347"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li75598124305"></a><a name="li75598124305"></a>Description: Number of inserted tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1311518117346">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li19559111213019">pg_stat_get_xact_partition_tuples_deleted(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p87644453419"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li19559111213019"></a><a name="li19559111213019"></a>Description: Number of deleted tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p12796449341">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li10560912173013">pg_stat_get_xact_partition_tuples_hot_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1146452623415"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li10560912173013"></a><a name="li10560912173013"></a>Description: Number of hot updated tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2465162653416">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li4559141213309">pg_stat_get_xact_partition_tuples_updated(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p38101233173417"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li4559141213309"></a><a name="li4559141213309"></a>Description: Number of updated tuples in the active subtransactions related to a table partition</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p98121233143411">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l98b16c403c974cfeb4072196fbb99dfe">pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aafbe04a720a04dafa2c482e124034996"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l98b16c403c974cfeb4072196fbb99dfe"></a><a name="l98b16c403c974cfeb4072196fbb99dfe"></a>Description: Last time when the autovacuum thread is manually started to clear a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8050b073495544888c1543dcd5df9ebc">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8ad533a1a14246b290eb2a99486bb12b">pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aedd679cc8b1b4219874dbd0d41daecb1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8ad533a1a14246b290eb2a99486bb12b"></a><a name="l8ad533a1a14246b290eb2a99486bb12b"></a>Description: Time of the last vacuum initiated by the autovacuum daemon on this table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac834834a4d50412d85c351caf5e76958">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1579416586298">pg_stat_get_vacuum_count(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15796125842910"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1579416586298"></a><a name="li1579416586298"></a>Description: Number of times a table is manually cleared</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p37971958122910">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li94847011308">pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p948460163018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li94847011308"></a><a name="li94847011308"></a>Description: Number of times the autovacuum daemon is started to clear a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p164865003012">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb4efed59914e4057972f5c291323de53">pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__acd9cc7841ac84165b691c0cd041f1429"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb4efed59914e4057972f5c291323de53"></a><a name="lb4efed59914e4057972f5c291323de53"></a>Description: Last time when a table starts to be analyzed manually or by the autovacuum thread</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a552eacfb2a4d4d75b353f8546e3d68cf">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3311bdd60b6147cc9ad47bc7aed2c48b">pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2615f52bc6cd40a8a0d88e72cadc82d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3311bdd60b6147cc9ad47bc7aed2c48b"></a><a name="l3311bdd60b6147cc9ad47bc7aed2c48b"></a>Description: Time of the last analysis initiated by the autovacuum daemon on this table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a96853190c10e4c079bb5156b77bed201">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li179810433019">pg_stat_get_analyze_count(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1720519435366"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li179810433019"></a><a name="li179810433019"></a>Description: Number of times a table is manually analyzed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p151002413013">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li2269593018">pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p224711354384"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li2269593018"></a><a name="li2269593018"></a>Description: Number of times the autovacuum daemon analyzes a table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p162813519303">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1563173913313">pg_total_autovac_tuples(bool)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p9452103515328"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1563173913313"></a><a name="li1563173913313"></a>Description: Gets the tuple records related to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1122319188011">total autovac</strong>, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b32231718501">nodename</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1122371818010">nspname</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b8223181813012">relname</strong>, and the IUD information of tuples.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p174541635123218">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li58384539394">pg_autovac_status(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1169405713913"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li58384539394"></a><a name="li58384539394"></a>Description: Returns autovac information, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b13509165416367">nodename</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b185091754153611">nspname</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b550945413616">relname</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b135101854183616">analyze</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1751085423614">vacuum</strong>, thresholds of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b19511145413620">analyze</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1651114548369">vacuum</strong>, and the number of analyzed or vacuumed tuples.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p124741250184112">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1953653454415">pg_autovac_timeout(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p7975104116448"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1953653454415"></a><a name="li1953653454415"></a>Description: Returns the number of consecutive timeouts during the autovac operation on a table. If the table information is invalid or the node information is abnormal, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b2434518162020">NULL</strong> will be returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11977114104420">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11211571494">pg_autovac_coordinator(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2810185205011"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11211571494"></a><a name="li11211571494"></a>Description: Returns the name of the CN performing the autovac operation on a table. If the table information is invalid or the node information is abnormal, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b89561725172116">NULL</strong> will be returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p68112058501">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1522835314016">pgxc_get_wlm_session_info_bytime(text, timestamp without time zone, timestamp without time zone, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p652915963517"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1522835314016"></a><a name="li1522835314016"></a>Description: The query performance of the PGXC_WLM_SESSION_INFO view is poor if the view contains a large number of records. In this case, you are advised to use this function to filter the query. The input parameters are <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i91273501710">time column</em> (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b971814103818">start_time</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1688312131586">finish_time</strong>), <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i68231224283">start time</em>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i10310112919818">end time</em>, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i177216441485">maximum number of records returned for each CN</em>. The return result is a subset of records in the GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p57321114414">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11232548145310">pgxc_get_wlm_current_instance_info(text, int default null)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p52321648165314"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li11232548145310"></a><a name="li11232548145310"></a>Description: Queries the current resource usage of each node in the cluster on the CN and reads the data that is not stored in the GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY system catalog in the memory. The input parameters are the node name (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b261936165113">ALL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1145053945111">C</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1363194312518">D</strong>, or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i4506164715112">instance name</em>) and the maximum number of records returned by each node. The returned value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b212216411529">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p723264810535">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li77291532125316">pgxc_get_wlm_history_instance_info(text, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP, int default null)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p672963220530"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li77291532125316"></a><a name="li77291532125316"></a>Description: Queries the historical resource usage of each cluster node on the CN node and reads data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b453563910520">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong> system catalog. The input parameters are as follows: node name (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b461194912524">ALL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b17711125214522">C</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b19139135618528">D</strong>, or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__i12984170195315">instance name</em>), start time, end time, and maximum number of records returned for each instance. The returned value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1516151720521">GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p18729632105316">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1248175514307">pg_stat_get_last_data_changed_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p748235514304"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1248175514307"></a><a name="li1248175514307"></a>Description: Returns the time when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b6222133212176">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b62231832131715">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b32231932191720">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1122410323174">EXCHANGE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b17224832101717">TRUNCATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1122583214171">DROP</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b4226932161713">PARTITION</strong> was performed last time on a table. The data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b222733261717">last_data_changed</strong> column of the PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES view is calculated by using this function. The performance of obtaining the last modification time by using the view is poor when the table has a large amount of data. In this case, you are advised to use the function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p20482255113010">Return type: timestamptz</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li168865753015">pg_stat_set_last_data_changed_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1688105717306"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li168865753015"></a><a name="li168865753015"></a>Description: Manually changes the time when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b4230123614177">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b14231173631718">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1723119363179">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1023215363171">EXCHANGE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b11232143610172">TRUNCATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1233203617173">DROP</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b92348369176">PARTITION</strong> was performed last time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p116885579301">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li8207194053518">pv_session_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4207134013352"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li8207194053518"></a><a name="li8207194053518"></a>Description: Collects statistics on the running time of each session thread on the current node and the time consumed in each execution phase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p18207134018358">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1023018427357">pv_instance_time()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p122301342143515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1023018427357"></a><a name="li1023018427357"></a>Description: Collects statistics on the running time of the current node and the time consumed in each execution phase.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p17230742113515">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l74caf7fa84cf4b98a67d0451be99ca86">pg_stat_get_activity(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2a0d122212f24a9ab2dbeee663bc64bb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l74caf7fa84cf4b98a67d0451be99ca86"></a><a name="l74caf7fa84cf4b98a67d0451be99ca86"></a>Description: Returns a record about the backend with the specified PID. A record for each active backend in the system is returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706173439">NULL</strong> is specified. The return result is a subset of records (excluding the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b5448642152612">connection_info</strong> column) in the PG_STAT_ACTIVITY view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2b5ff28b5fb645eda5f252bb4ac58906">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12321163183612">pg_stat_get_activity_with_conninfo(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2032110319368"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12321163183612"></a><a name="li12321163183612"></a>Description: Returns a record about the backend with the specified PID. A record for each active backend in the system is returned if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b571312382172">NULL</strong> is specified. The return result is a subset of records in the PG_STAT_ACTIVITY view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p113211436364">Return type: SETOF record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1664914261975">pg_user_iostat(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1260917361132"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1664914261975"></a><a name="li1664914261975"></a>Description: Displays the I/O load management information about the job currently executed by the user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p23405108106">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p192923617122">The following table describes return fields.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__table842513640" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row11426631846"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a75fe01a5469c48c09615bf1dbb3997dd">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" id="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p54991455747">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" id="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1468935815411">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row74262318415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p54261938418">userid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1742611310413">oid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p114261231143">User ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row7426039410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p10426203540">min_curr_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p242618317411">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p9426131249">Minimum I/O of the current user across DNs. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row2426123642"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11426173847">max_curr_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p20426831246">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1742603448">Maximum I/O of the current user across DNs. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row542653546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p19426637419">min_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p44261318416">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p154268319410">Minimum peak I/O of the current user across DNs. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row3426933419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1942620314416">max_peak_iops</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p34263312418">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p242615310414">Maximum peak I/O of the current user across DNs. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row4426834414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p14427731047">io_limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p104271831643">int4</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p3427331643"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b84235270614289">io_limits</strong> set for the resource pool specified by the user. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row942753841"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p84272316419">io_priority</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p74271935417">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.2.81.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1542716312414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706142815">io_priority</strong> set for the user. The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by thousands for row storage.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lba0551584c8d43dc926c6680733d0126">pg_stat_get_function_calls(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a4538a08290e04e7a8d65274fa8588970"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lba0551584c8d43dc926c6680733d0126"></a><a name="lba0551584c8d43dc926c6680733d0126"></a>Description: Number of times the function has been called</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aeb9fa9c1d4bb43e3a05e4a391217f435">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lc46993eaffaa42258e71b07b5da1068e">pg_stat_get_function_total_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aed3f6c16c43b41218ddcc3d944cfb54b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lc46993eaffaa42258e71b07b5da1068e"></a><a name="lc46993eaffaa42258e71b07b5da1068e"></a>Description: Gets the total wall-clock time spent on a function, in microseconds. The time spent on calling this function is included.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afcf4e5c7b2ec4be8b10cf9cfd58ac030">Return type: double precision</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le8b677de952749df865f3ed385f19b4c">pg_stat_get_function_self_time(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1838cf6e64ea4af385dcc179e8136839"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le8b677de952749df865f3ed385f19b4c"></a><a name="le8b677de952749df865f3ed385f19b4c"></a>Description: Gets the time spent only on this function in the current transaction. The time spent on calling this function is not included.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aa833d1a612ff42f48e15d0b844bcfafe">Return type: double precision</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le149f11081464e97b5657a9a96245d50">pg_stat_get_backend_idset()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ad8fe6577e62a4ebbbfe80695eada70b7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le149f11081464e97b5657a9a96245d50"></a><a name="le149f11081464e97b5657a9a96245d50"></a>Description: Set of currently active server process numbers (from 1 to the number of active server processes)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__abd3ef5b855d7448faf03e91c7a3cc065">Return type: SETOF integer</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lcda033848e9645b189715d7c5f27c3b5">pg_stat_get_backend_pid(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afd6060ca758d4b5cbc9911acd453f619"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lcda033848e9645b189715d7c5f27c3b5"></a><a name="lcda033848e9645b189715d7c5f27c3b5"></a>Description: Thread ID of the given server thread</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a369ff2c0ed4f4f859cdacdeaab0d4629">Return type: bigint</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__screen12339154131"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_get_backend_pid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_stat_get_backend_pid</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="mi">139706243217168</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l075a8994aee441cb888667394f820048">pg_stat_get_backend_dbid(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a59a58f62a95349c6ba89400e744aa5ef"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l075a8994aee441cb888667394f820048"></a><a name="l075a8994aee441cb888667394f820048"></a>Description: ID of the database connected to the given server process</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a7fcf533a1c6746dfaf92885b5ff88094">Return type: OID</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ld0a57846831740299a05553664fcf11a">pg_stat_get_backend_userid(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a4f4a307016924b17afa0310fa8572f8b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ld0a57846831740299a05553664fcf11a"></a><a name="ld0a57846831740299a05553664fcf11a"></a>Description: User ID of the given server process</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a6e9c538ee6bf4c16b13d592c5c85a583">Return type: OID</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__la04267e089d14124834d25b5fd390d08">pg_stat_get_backend_activity(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__adb5930a986c043379fc7d4628381f726"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__la04267e089d14124834d25b5fd390d08"></a><a name="la04267e089d14124834d25b5fd390d08"></a>Description: Active command of the given server process, but only if the current user is a system administrator or the same user as that of the session being queried and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174350">track_activities</strong> is on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aef760dccb782481fa7bf86ed07b37ccd">Return type: text</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lae7a543bb0c04202815cbdd5eb10962d">pg_stat_get_backend_waiting(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a828af5a6dccd43d89cfe25d53d64862c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lae7a543bb0c04202815cbdd5eb10962d"></a><a name="lae7a543bb0c04202815cbdd5eb10962d"></a>Description: True if the given server process is waiting for a lock, but only if the current user is a system administrator or the same user as that of the session being queried and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174338">track_activities</strong> is on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a78e768c6c2df4b19bb40993411fb3c21">Return type: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__text1037425912225">boolean</span></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l2014b369c74542729024943b9622770a">pg_stat_get_backend_activity_start(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a0f9300e1d5dc46b3a70bc9a36c91b0fa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l2014b369c74542729024943b9622770a"></a><a name="l2014b369c74542729024943b9622770a"></a>Description: The time at which the given server process's currently executing query was started, but only if the current user is a system administrator or the same user as that of the session being queried and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174327">track_activities</strong> is on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a994d5428974c4e1daea6b317439936f2">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lc7d2b8fd88e94d6c8e69d4556a4527cf">pg_stat_get_backend_xact_start(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8e7d6d4310154645964ed4ae45743b99"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lc7d2b8fd88e94d6c8e69d4556a4527cf"></a><a name="lc7d2b8fd88e94d6c8e69d4556a4527cf"></a>Description: The time at which the given server process's currently executing transaction was started, but only if the current user is a system administrator or the same user as that of the session being queried and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174318">track_activities</strong> is on</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a246067667d9d425991a201e07de9eaa6">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l7db31c67de4f4cdab140e2a4a4c417ec">pg_stat_get_backend_start(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1fa211d4d07545af814aa8461c500712"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l7db31c67de4f4cdab140e2a4a4c417ec"></a><a name="l7db31c67de4f4cdab140e2a4a4c417ec"></a>Description: The time at which the given server process was started, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b6583165734613">NULL</strong> if the current user is neither a system administrator nor the same user as that of the session being queried</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac19b7b0eb6ec437caff8d9da4377fe78">Return type: timestamp with time zone</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb9286e065d7a423896a68567a61f5ca9">pg_stat_get_backend_client_addr(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a78dcba33759b41aba2b143fc93ecbd13"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb9286e065d7a423896a68567a61f5ca9"></a><a name="lb9286e065d7a423896a68567a61f5ca9"></a>Description: IP address of the client connected to the given server process.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aa0c6928318c14c6184704f9bf9c5d402">If the connection is over a Unix domain socket, or if the current user is neither a system administrator nor the same user as that of the session being queried, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b5774939238">NULL</strong> will be returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8a95466680e44176ba0bd47bc2e55c5e">Return type: inet</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p20474148840">Note: An IP address used as an input parameter of this function cannot contain periods (.). For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b16517251303">192.168.100.128</strong> should be written as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b265162519019">192168100128</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l6d3ab9251c074a43b74383e843c2f49d">pg_stat_get_backend_client_port(integer)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ae94e5247c72a447d96b12a88c6ca29d9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l6d3ab9251c074a43b74383e843c2f49d"></a><a name="l6d3ab9251c074a43b74383e843c2f49d"></a>Description: TCP port number of the client connected to the given server process</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2cb261dad9744e7799f1e3fa093cf421">If the connection is over a Unix domain socket, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b56871855224">-1</strong> will be returned. If the current user is neither a system administrator nor the same user as that of the session being queried, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b18419144218220">NULL</strong> will be returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a258394034ba64011b584c9713adaed22">Return type: integer</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l04ee5a0e00ca4f63adb5b2328c194330">pg_stat_get_bgwriter_timed_checkpoints()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a51f99f7376a04e72862e2e92ba713a53"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l04ee5a0e00ca4f63adb5b2328c194330"></a><a name="l04ee5a0e00ca4f63adb5b2328c194330"></a>Description: The number of times the background writer has started timed checkpoints (because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174920">checkpoint_timeout</strong> time has expired)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2cf1a277828d43ebaf567c79b02273b3">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lba94da65cc7c4211b67765558889a3af">pg_stat_get_bgwriter_requested_checkpoints()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a38d77b3e1f5f4d92a4a0fcdc2448cb5c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lba94da65cc7c4211b67765558889a3af"></a><a name="lba94da65cc7c4211b67765558889a3af"></a>Description: The number of times the background writer has started checkpoints based on requests from the backend because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b683918378589">checkpoint_segments</strong> has been exceeded or the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706174958">CHECKPOINT</strong> command has been executed</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a575dda8281cf41e0aa7d4db396765809">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3e32d0458e7d40f497337c65431c5aba">pg_stat_get_bgwriter_buf_written_checkpoints()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ae3790e8ed4c0444085a7327ba6d5fde4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3e32d0458e7d40f497337c65431c5aba"></a><a name="l3e32d0458e7d40f497337c65431c5aba"></a>Description: The number of buffers written by the background writer during checkpoints</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a625a5110c9804402b526209b24bb7c72">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lab972c00ec9a4ea6b310b7da6249fdf9">pg_stat_get_bgwriter_buf_written_clean()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a79e72b62aefb461a84814967b657d71b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lab972c00ec9a4ea6b310b7da6249fdf9"></a><a name="lab972c00ec9a4ea6b310b7da6249fdf9"></a>Description: The number of buffers written by the background writer for routine cleaning of dirty pages</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8bc858374c8648f4b5d78bf3212c9056">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l79d7428145284aa8ada6b8f6b7dc17ca">pg_stat_get_bgwriter_maxwritten_clean()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a59fe342fd36340af8973d0ab7f849132"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l79d7428145284aa8ada6b8f6b7dc17ca"></a><a name="l79d7428145284aa8ada6b8f6b7dc17ca"></a>Description: The number of times the background writer has stopped its cleaning scan because it has written more buffers than specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b842352706175128">bgwriter_lru_maxpages</strong> parameter</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ad913a1e2978446b89f51dce3e62b4139">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l74ffa78b3bc84fc19a88678a24ac2648">pg_stat_get_buf_written_backend()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2c1ba9b979794944a09463ee6baf2ae8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l74ffa78b3bc84fc19a88678a24ac2648"></a><a name="l74ffa78b3bc84fc19a88678a24ac2648"></a>Description: The number of buffers written by the backend because they needed to allocate a new buffer</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a80e54c598fcd4df3a4a6161b1c8674bc">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb8e59ad738e643ed80181943fe7ca10c">pg_stat_get_buf_alloc()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afb734645646a448f88956c1acba835af"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lb8e59ad738e643ed80181943fe7ca10c"></a><a name="lb8e59ad738e643ed80181943fe7ca10c"></a>Description: The total number of buffer allocations</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aa26a839d0a03473aaac089a6cf81b2e0">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l949382164cc84c3a9b81dad276615dd0">pg_stat_clear_snapshot()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a89b578b138ce4f8da96d438fd0c3e9ad"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l949382164cc84c3a9b81dad276615dd0"></a><a name="l949382164cc84c3a9b81dad276615dd0"></a>Description: Discards the current statistics snapshot.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac820028d307c49498097d20bebcbf146">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l1845758c82a84baa9a73032c29f8d222">pg_stat_reset()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8b5a832818904b97aa8e52cafbc3e63e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l1845758c82a84baa9a73032c29f8d222"></a><a name="l1845758c82a84baa9a73032c29f8d222"></a>Description: Resets all statistics counters for the current database to zero (requires system administrator permissions).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aeac7bacc82ce4b59b0acde42521ca5d9">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1032622843816">pg_stat_reset_shared(text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p7145135933820"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li1032622843816"></a><a name="li1032622843816"></a>Description: Resets all statistics counters for the current database in each node in a shared cluster to zero (requires system administrator permissions).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1014965912387">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le572b5ef3a514e0b97f1050eb056019d">pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1a40c0b977c446c1b205de76c4a52587"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__le572b5ef3a514e0b97f1050eb056019d"></a><a name="le572b5ef3a514e0b97f1050eb056019d"></a>Description: Resets statistics for a single table or index in the current database to zero (requires system administrator permissions).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afd61be82752d40508ec1116bba44763f">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3257d3122b5046bdac5ea722705570b2">pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a508eca91b9fb4799be5b73df29a675b6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3257d3122b5046bdac5ea722705570b2"></a><a name="l3257d3122b5046bdac5ea722705570b2"></a>Description: Resets statistics for a single function in the current database to zero (requires system administrator permissions).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a46ea3a75796848b1a3327d613c763392">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3cfd6409097e4790a7ecfecb9872ef75">pg_stat_session_cu(int, int, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aa49434f905f64eaeb2ae9106e0f4ac31"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l3cfd6409097e4790a7ecfecb9872ef75"></a><a name="l3cfd6409097e4790a7ecfecb9872ef75"></a>Description: Obtains the compression unit (CU) hit statistics of sessions running on the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__adb3b3f9ea4284c6a8cab08572ec0f19e">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l84dc3defe8184b69b704a217e384930d">gs_get_stat_session_cu(text, int, int, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a40b78364d48546b0933b01537bc8e97a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l84dc3defe8184b69b704a217e384930d"></a><a name="l84dc3defe8184b69b704a217e384930d"></a>Description: Obtains the CU hit statistics of all sessions running in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aefd308142074475296e2e7aebdfcc974">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lca8ca8d0c44b490296384e03b3882c19">gs_get_stat_db_cu(text, text, int, int, int)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a7f60858431de457a8e436a516c8d6950"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__lca8ca8d0c44b490296384e03b3882c19"></a><a name="lca8ca8d0c44b490296384e03b3882c19"></a>Description: Obtains the CU hit statistics of a database in a cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__afddd8d9c563c441e96b5691e8dded2d9">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l0ae8a0a469fc4307a89cbee8a631aaf9">pg_stat_get_cu_mem_hit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2f9712c71b524e12a8296642e4a2c9fb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l0ae8a0a469fc4307a89cbee8a631aaf9"></a><a name="l0ae8a0a469fc4307a89cbee8a631aaf9"></a>Description: Obtains the number of CU memory hits of a column storage table in the current database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ae511cdf247d648c4812555c468f59f29">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8e7200a3bcfa463b99800cad3dcd9ddb">pg_stat_get_cu_hdd_sync(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__af101c23f344441ef9d8f391941f27087"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l8e7200a3bcfa463b99800cad3dcd9ddb"></a><a name="l8e7200a3bcfa463b99800cad3dcd9ddb"></a>Description: Obtains the times CU is synchronously read from a disk by a column storage table in the current database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a18d793d754224d66abec0e6e709fb01a">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l643175dbd388498489b890a437f796f4">pg_stat_get_cu_hdd_asyn(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a40a57e172cfa42679b8e2b040dd3e84d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l643175dbd388498489b890a437f796f4"></a><a name="l643175dbd388498489b890a437f796f4"></a>Description: Obtains the times CU is asynchronously read from a disk by a column storage table in the current database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a414c99dd818749fea972cfcaba9c8398">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l577bb9f9a8ea4c2680c9a616504b3453">pg_stat_get_db_cu_mem_hit(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a74edc1848ea44988b903998fc77dd22e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l577bb9f9a8ea4c2680c9a616504b3453"></a><a name="l577bb9f9a8ea4c2680c9a616504b3453"></a>Description: Obtains the CU memory hit in a database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a677ac704c2c146d1b9e80eb48eeabac2">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l4b735729573f4ffca3f290302e4d7d6c">pg_stat_get_db_cu_hdd_sync(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aec63aa483de74c788a9720e4c2521a73"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l4b735729573f4ffca3f290302e4d7d6c"></a><a name="l4b735729573f4ffca3f290302e4d7d6c"></a>Description: Obtains the times CU is synchronously read from a disk by a database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a87a60466a14b4469b43cd3b316f29d48">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__u0fc933145a924a24acb228988ea6d9bd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l23b0d1cf29dc4087bf2b1a6fa02798b6">pg_stat_get_db_cu_hdd_asyn(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac81d5d1999be40c1a420f716374ebce6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__l23b0d1cf29dc4087bf2b1a6fa02798b6"></a><a name="l23b0d1cf29dc4087bf2b1a6fa02798b6"></a>Description: Obtains the times CU is asynchronously read from a disk by a database of the current node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac372ca786e0343e085555732a493e04e">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li9597205817528">pgxc_fenced_udf_process()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p14708959145213"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li9597205817528"></a><a name="li9597205817528"></a>Description: Shows the number of UDF Master and Work processes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p17335162918566">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li742765914560">pgxc_terminate_all_fenced_udf_process()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p39655612583"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li742765914560"></a><a name="li742765914560"></a>Description: Kills all UDF Work processes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2734122145912">Return type: bool</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li152561356895">GS_ALL_NODEGROUP_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO(text)<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p26291757192"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li152561356895"></a><a name="li152561356895"></a>Description: Provides Cgroup information for all logical clusters. Before invoking this function, you need to specify the name of a logical cluster to be queried. For example, to query the Cgroup information for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b97065313191">installation</strong> logical cluster, run the following command:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__screen18466626121318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GS_ALL_NODEGROUP_CONTROL_GROUP_INFO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'installation'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15333419133511">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1656193220129">The following table describes return fields.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__t8f0334486f934453827d563b90c86711" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__r2a0276b542d54fd0808927c2c54b0fc6"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a5579cdd06a5645b3862144b2131a8649">Name</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a1f7bf547d07e4656a132c0e34ba635ca">Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" id="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8447f6b31ba54199a8224fea8463c23d">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__rf8b75b68e6a24e29931035876b3c3dfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8f18d3f0e5cd44d096020df47ca28e00">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aecd744296d7d4b0397b2fe1fd923b6bf">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8579d68414bb40968ecb2f54fd50bfa3">Name of a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__r685dd7e8104e4020b260711d0d1cf9a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ad7f3b45edf4748ef8bf45be74968b4ac">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a0b778f8c6817439484fd5f0cb1d91e8b">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__abd4a7662d8784ec1890fd6e25a2ce17d">Type of the Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__r45542ef0924c49f2a21c540acd3c90e3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a09bb26374b104b3fb29bbe2a80ef226a">gid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__abe1aa36777e444c48c10c68dea6d28bd">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a08d938eccee84d42b9018a66f6b6784c">Cgroup ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ra3bccb8528cd408aa54f8e30557c0359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac1f1c391b720448fb6cff2861dc151b6">classgid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p84741447191914">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a83dfda58a9ac418fab57f167cd4a8244">ID of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b12732418114">Class</strong> Cgroup where a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b45219451119">Workload</strong> Cgroup belongs</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__rd7538143f1a648d2ae003ee563237226"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__adad82d644319412cb3a8d9cb60daa836">class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a0a0c18f59f1a47bdb17413bbe1716f3a">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a2fe293248c694ffd9fe3f04bdf3a3f6d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b1245218316219">Class</strong> Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ra831355d65f64e7b92f51f84021f4947"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a71cd5950d6ef4ea888015a515726ccf1">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a9193af9c57084a81b157fec2c2935f90">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a8900dd32319f4d53937621db1727f5cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b67031761125">Workload</strong> Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__rdb4c5c3a41fb4325a8c11787c3af82b1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ab44539456dc4418bbfdc32a89a1f2851">shares</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a17a7c300ce604cd380d8340e5bfa63c3">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__aad54cacd015d4619bf9acb9cb4736cd3">CPU quota allocated to a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__r47bd7dff24334c239af7266eeeb52c2b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a97cfc7c8c5c8412aa7b03489d5df0b8a">limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ac0400ce695b945b89702ff50805ac554">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__a04d603fa66434a178026e29847b76f40">Limit of CPUs allocated to a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row5504610171814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p105051710131812">wdlevel</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p20505010181817">bigint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p25051510141815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__b114084591954">Workload</strong> Cgroup level</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row15968121961816"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p149683193188">cpucores</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p14968519121811">text</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="63%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p19681196183">Usage of CPU cores in a Cgroup</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li946583010576">gs_get_nodegroup_tablecount(name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p443811306589"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li946583010576"></a><a name="li946583010576"></a>Description: Total number of user tables in all the databases in a logical cluster</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p118171745910">Return type: integer</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ul45209221705"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li7520102219020">pgxc_max_datanode_size(name)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p103251115917"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li7520102219020"></a><a name="li7520102219020"></a>Description: Maximum disk space occupied by database files in all the DNs of a logical cluster. The unit is byte.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p192214812213">Return type: bigint</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ul12577910658"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li125791210154">gs_check_logic_cluster_consistency()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p689632217515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li125791210154"></a><a name="li125791210154"></a>Description: Checks whether the system information of all logical clusters in the system is consistent. If no record is returned, the information is consistent. Otherwise, the Node Group information on CNs and DNs in the logical cluster is inconsistent. This function cannot be invoked during redistribution in a scale-in or scale-out.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1871321515610">Return type: record</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__ul103078491882"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li630810491817">gs_check_tables_distribution()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p137731131646"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li630810491817"></a><a name="li630810491817"></a>Description: Checks whether the user table distribution in the system is consistent. If no record is returned, table distribution is consistent. This function cannot be invoked during redistribution in a scale-in or scale-out.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4627722151211">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12460842103319">pg_stat_bad_block(text, int, int, int, int, int, timestamp with time zone, timestamp with time zone)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1046417428338"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li12460842103319"></a><a name="li12460842103319"></a>Description: Obtains damage information about pages or CUs after the current node is started.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p19466742193314">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li517761183815">pgxc_stat_bad_block(text, int, int, int, int, int, timestamp with time zone, timestamp with time zone)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p21804115381"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li517761183815"></a><a name="li517761183815"></a>Description: Obtains damage information about pages or CUs after all the nodes in the cluster are started.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p6181114382">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3722849173912">pg_stat_bad_block_clear()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p772674943915"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li3722849173912"></a><a name="li3722849173912"></a>Description: Deletes the page and CU damage information that is read and recorded on the node. (System administrator rights are required.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p7727124913913">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li974214518396">pgxc_stat_bad_block_clear()<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1745165112395"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li974214518396"></a><a name="li974214518396"></a>Description: Deletes the page and CU damage information that is read and recorded on all the nodes in the cluster. (System administrator rights are required.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p9747155111394">Return type: void</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li416951162610">gs_respool_exception_info(pool text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1295285612257"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li416951162610"></a><a name="li416951162610"></a>Description: Queries for the query rule of a specified resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11933175912516">Return type: record</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li111931884019">gs_control_group_info(pool text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p439372311409"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li111931884019"></a><a name="li111931884019"></a>Description: Queries for information about Cgroups associated with a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p59151020154013">Return type: record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1329417418497">The following information is displayed:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__table1560939125613" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row260919925618"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" id="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p17610179175619">Attribute</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" id="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p361013935612">Value</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" id="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p461011975616">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row116109912569"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p461079145611">name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p161020985611">class_a:workload_a1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p196108914566">Class name and workload name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row06106985619"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p7610149125612">class</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2610139185611">class_a</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p4610196562">Class Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row1399384455713"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p209946441573">workload</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p159941447578">workload_a1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p20994544125713">Workload Cgroup name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row8632178185817"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p17633882582">type</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p863315865812">DEFWD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p46338815818">Cgroup type (Top, CLASS, BAKWD, DEFWD, and TSWD)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row19207812135811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p2208812105815">gid</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11208161265812">87</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1120816121589">Cgroup ID</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row01967412582"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p15196164105812">shares</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p619610455819">30</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p01966445815">Percentage of CPU resources to those on the parent node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row1931985165714"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p183203516578">limits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p7320125111571">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p43209514578">Percentage of CPU cores to those on the parent node</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row148871119165810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p6887201917580">rate</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p188871519125814">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p1988821914586">Allocation ratio in Timeshare</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__row1970717163583"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.37736226377362%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p47079162588">cpucores</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.44715528447155%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p37074160581">0-3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="45.175482451754824%" headers="mcps1.3.6.7.4.1.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p17078161586">Number of CPU cores</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li818958192615">gs_wlm_user_resource_info(name text)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p113519418266"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__li818958192615"></a><a name="li818958192615"></a>Description: Queries for a user's resource quota and resource usage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710775__p11213193817258">Return type: record</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0066.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0066.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Trigger Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__ub16f1f13d58c4710881d282e8991294c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__li1679031774611">pg_get_triggerdef(oid)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p92081452124814"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__li1679031774611"></a><a name="li1679031774611"></a>Description: Obtains the definition information of a trigger.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p20790101784613">Parameter: OID of the trigger to be queried</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p9790317184618">Return type: text</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p818110340348">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__screen6279083337"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_trigger</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                  </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_insert_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__li17345123194914">pg_get_triggerdef(oid, boolean)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p143452316494"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__li17345123194914"></a><a name="li17345123194914"></a>Description: Obtains the definition information of a trigger.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p19345173144920">Parameter: OID of the trigger to be queried and whether it is displayed in pretty mode</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p1345193184917">Return type: text</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__note1791951123614"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p1391918183612">The Boolean parameters take effect only when the WHEN condition is specified during trigger creation.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__p163095575344">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830846__screen1915513305349"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_trigger</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                  </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_insert_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_trigger</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                  </span><span class="n">pg_get_triggerdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_insert_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0067.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0067.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce3a241c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0067.html
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">XML Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1597307016136"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__section173086132256"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Generating XML Content</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul14646208114210"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li36479810423">XMLPARSE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__i1628825164212">value</em>)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p9299230204212">Description: Generates an XML value from character data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p05845154217">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p593434519441">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen8671747191910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;foo&gt;bar&lt;/foo&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlparse</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul9819193210449"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li88191032144411">XMLSERIALIZE ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value AS type</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p14292225174912">Description: Generates a string from XML values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p108321758154912">Return type: type, which can be character, character varying, or text (or its alias)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p122081447165813">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen1393591683910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlserialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'good'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlserialize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="n">good</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1142819512553"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1942875175511">xmlcomment(text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p13229733185514">Description: Creates an XML note that uses the specified text as the content. The text cannot contain two consecutive hyphens (--) or end with a hyphen (-). If the parameter is null, the result is also null.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p852882816576">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1984334545711">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen58061034132013"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlcomment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlcomment</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;!</span><span class="c1">--hello--&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul135957177519"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li25959179518">xmlconcat(xml[, ...])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1740915111520">Description: Concatenates a list of XML values into a single value. Null values are ignored. If all parameters are null, the result is also null.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1729184014719">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1895217511276">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen18543149102017"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlconcat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&lt;abc/&gt;'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;bar&gt;foo&lt;/bar&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlconcat</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p8372102591111">Note: If XML declarations exist and they are the same XML version, the result will use the version. Otherwise, the result does not use any version. If all XML values have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b585013216814">standalone</strong> attribute whose status is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b975815541010">yes</strong>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b6673011109">standalone</strong> attribute in the result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b19051644181016">yes</strong>. If at least one XML value's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b95751416151119">standalone</strong> attribute is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b126642319114">no</strong>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1721153621113">standalone</strong> attribute in the result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b47424991113">no</strong>. Otherwise, the result does not contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b112083771216">standalone</strong> attribute.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p810212438816">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen8724145811208"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlconcat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.1&quot;?&gt;&lt;foo/&gt;'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.1&quot; standalone=&quot;no&quot;?&gt;&lt;bar/&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlconcat</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;1.1&quot;</span><span class="o">?&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">/&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul12696820133"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li369610241312">xmlelement(name name [, xmlattributes(value [AS attname] [, ... ])] [, content, ...])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p890144317126">Description: Generates an XML element with the given name, attribute, and content.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1290110434122">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p490164310125">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen11491184213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlattributes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">current_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cont'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ent'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlelement</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;2020-08-15&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul14935518191320"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li29357186131">xmlforest(content [AS name] [, ...])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p727292819244">Description: Generates an XML forest (sequence) of an element with a given name and content.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p6901134316125">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p99018432128">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen17506172642116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlforest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlforest</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul14395331121318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1039533115139">xmlpi(name target [, content])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1790164314120">Description: Creates an XML processing instruction. The content cannot contain the character sequence of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b7772305153">?&gt;</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p6901543141212">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1390144321218">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen29873344213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlpi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">php</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'echo &quot;hello world&quot;;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlpi</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="o">?&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul4780195319135"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1378095341315">xmlroot(xml, version text | no value [, standalone yes|no|no value])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p16901134321215">Description: Modifies the attributes of the root node of an XML value. If a version is specified, it replaces the value in the version declaration of the root node. If a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b16388141901618">standalone</strong> value is specified, it replaces the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b116491341163">standalone</strong> value in the root node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p129011143121212">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p179011643101218">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen101443433219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlroot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xmlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; standalone=&quot;no&quot;?&gt;&lt;content&gt;abc&lt;/content&gt;'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1.1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">standalone</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">yes</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlroot</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;1.1&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">standalone</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;yes&quot;</span><span class="o">?&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul53141891149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li16314159171411">xmlagg(xml)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1590134341213">Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b785318353177">xmlagg</strong> function is an aggregate function that concatenates input values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p14901164321212">Return type: XML</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p14901194341214">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen1063405562116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;foo&gt;abc&lt;/foo&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;bar/&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlagg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">/&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p139011438124">To determine the concatenation sequence, you can add an ORDER BY clause for an aggregate call, for example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen395317172220"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlagg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlagg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__section1924210249241"><h4 class="sectiontitle">XML Predicates</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul3213182242319"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1213202219235">xml IS DOCUMENT</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p381051152320">Description: IS DOCUMENT returns true if the XML value of the parameter is a correct XML document; if the XML document is incorrect, false is returned. If the parameter is null, a null value is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p6810171111239">Return type: bool</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul113616386238"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li31363387232">xml IS NOT DOCUMENT</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p781071182316">Description: Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b104781144106">true</strong> if the XML value of the parameter is not a correct XML document. If the XML document is correct, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b51013209107">false</strong> is returned. If the parameter is null, a null value is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p138106119238">Return type: bool</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul68186132417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1581814116243">XMLEXISTS(text PASSING [BY REF] xml [BY REF])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p8811101111230">Description: If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b5251146288">xpath</strong> expression in the first parameter returns any node, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b388921319286">XMLEXISTS</strong> function returns true. Otherwise, the function returns false. (If any parameter is null, the result is null.) The BY REF clause is invalid and is used to maintain SQL compatibility.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p198110114233">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p15811191192310">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen978142582211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xmlexists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'//town[text() = ''Toronto'']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;towns&gt;&lt;town&gt;Toronto&lt;/town&gt;&lt;town&gt;Ottawa&lt;/town&gt;&lt;/towns&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xmlexists</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul3304131411251"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li43052143257">xml_is_well_formed(text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p345213109258">Description: Checks whether a text string is a well-formatted XML value and returns a Boolean result. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1111165615250">xmloption</strong> parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b586914192613">DOCUMENT</strong>, the document is checked. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b14506117142618">xmloption</strong> parameter is set to<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b9986139152614"> CONTENT</strong>, the content is checked.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p3452210122514">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p181724249250">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen68831933182210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xml_is_well_formed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&lt;abc/&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xml_is_well_formed</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul3288651162520"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1328865192517">xml_is_well_formed_document(text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p6762125515253">Description: Checks whether a text string is a well-formatted text and returns a Boolean result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1276235511251">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p173462046192615">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen1754194232215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xml_is_well_formed_document</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&lt;test:foo xmlns:test=&quot;http://test.com/test&quot;&gt;bar&lt;/test:foo&gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xml_is_well_formed_document</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul128298277266"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1082917278267">xml_is_well_formed_content(text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p198113117234">Description: Checks whether a text string is a well-formatted content and returns a Boolean result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p12811211102310">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p030451062716">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen34293278130"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xml_is_well_formed_content</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xml_is_well_formed_content</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__section1995144182413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Processing XML</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1437011718149"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li33700710148">xpath(xpath, xml [, nsarray])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p337110711420">Description: Returns an array of XML values corresponding to the set of nodes produced by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b52935457273">xpath</strong> expression. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1796582117289">xpath</strong> expression returns a scalar value instead of a set of nodes, an array of individual elements is returned. The second parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b914110267291">xml</strong> must be a complete XML document, which must have a root node element. The third parameter is an array map of a namespace. The array should be a two-dimensional text array, and the length of the second dimension should be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b5645171533014">2</strong>. (It should be an array of arrays, each containing exactly two elements). The first element of each array item is the alias of the namespace name, and the second element is the namespace URI. The alias provided in this array does not have to be the same as the alias used in the XML document itself. In other words, in the context of both XML documents and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b18272102719315">xpath</strong> functions, aliases are local.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p8371779146">Return type: XML value array</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p637116761420">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen10371127131415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/my:a/text()'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;my:a xmlns:my=&quot;http://example.com&quot;&gt;test&lt;/my:a&gt;'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'my'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'http://example.com'</span><span class="p">]]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xpath</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1310701816345"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li510791811340">xpath_exists(xpath, xml [, nsarray])</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p197174611342">Description: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b62703584316">xpath_exists</strong> function is a special form of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b2630111193210">xpath</strong> function. This function does not return an XML value that satisfies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b120810409334">xpath</strong> function; it returns a Boolean value indicating whether the query is satisfied. This function is equivalent to the standard <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b848726135415">XMLEXISTS</strong> predicate, but it also provides support for a namespace mapping parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1371776133416">Return type: bool</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p10717196183411">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen15771546231"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xpath_exists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/my:a/text()'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;my:a xmlns:my=&quot;http://example.com&quot;&gt;test&lt;/my:a&gt;'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">ARRAY</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'my'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'http://example.com'</span><span class="p">]]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">xpath_exists</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul377316596493"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li67731159104912">xmltable</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p02334345017">Description: Generates a table based on the input XML data, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b11115201285017">XPath</strong> expression, and column definition. An <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b116306283580">xmltable</strong> is similar to a function in syntax, but it can appear only as a table in the FROM clause of a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1742014417352">Return value: setof record</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p198723352549">Syntax:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen9322411181211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">XMLTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XMLNAMESPACES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">namespace_uri</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">namespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">row_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">document_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">COLUMNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_expression</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDINALITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1961072865612">Parameter:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul10402114141410"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li84021314151417">The optional XMLNAMESPACES clause is a comma-separated list of namespace definitions, where each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b11410546115820">namespace_uri</strong> is a text-type expression and each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b17414124645815">namespace_name</strong> is a simple identifier. XMLNAMESPACES specifies the XML namespaces used in the document and their aliases. The default namespace declaration is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li2210857111518">The mandatory parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b340871635913">row_expression</strong> is an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b12412111645913">XPath</strong> 1.0 expression. This expression calculates the sequence of XML nodes based on the provided XML document <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b18413191665919">document_expression</strong>. The sequence is the sequence of converting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b16413216135914">xmltable</strong> to output lines. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b18783129185919">document_expression</strong> value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b207875297599">NULL</strong> or an empty node set generated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b578852955919">row_expression</strong>, no line is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li12973125082912">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b17826136145912">document_expression</strong> parameter is used to input an XML document. The input document must be in the XML format. XML fragment data or XML documents in incorrect format are not accepted. The BY REF and BY VALUE clauses do not take effect. They are used only to implement SQL standard compatibility.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li164031356102920">The COLUMNS clause specifies the column list definition in the output table. The column name and column data type are mandatory, and the path, default value, and whether the clause is empty are optional.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul10535447124015"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li19874163534019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1374413316012">column_expression</strong> of a column is an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1674912315014">XPath</strong> 1.0 expression used to calculate the value of the column extracted from the current row based on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1574983204">row_expression</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b113211201505">column_expression</strong> is not specified, the field name is used as an implicit path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li88761835114019">A column can be marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b21294271702">NOT NULL</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1813352715013">column_expression</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b21348271909">NOT NULL</strong> column does not return any data, and there is no DEFAULT clause or the calculation result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b18134162716011">default_expression</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b19134172715012">NULL</strong>, an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li98782358404">The columns marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b86313423011">FOR ORDINALITY</strong> are filled with row numbers starting from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b10636194218018">1</strong>. The sequence is the node sequence retrieved from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b116362421608">row_expression</strong> result set. A maximum of one column can be marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1163617420013">FOR ORDINALITY</strong>.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__note1259264119306"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1543254743012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b6253116813">XPath</strong> 1.0 does not specify the order for nodes, so the order in which results are returned depends on the order in which data is obtained.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p786371111112">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__screen98981294448"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XMLTABLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/ROWS/ROW'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PASSING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'&lt;ROWS&gt;&lt;ROW id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_ID&gt;AU&lt;/COUNTRY_ID&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_NAME&gt;Australia&lt;/COUNTRY_NAME&gt;&lt;/ROW&gt;&lt;ROW id=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_ID&gt;FR&lt;/COUNTRY_ID&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_NAME&gt;France&lt;/COUNTRY_NAME&gt;&lt;/ROW&gt;&lt;ROW id=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_ID&gt;SG&lt;/COUNTRY_ID&gt;&lt;COUNTRY_NAME&gt;Singapore&lt;/COUNTRY_NAME&gt;&lt;/ROW&gt;&lt;/ROWS&gt;'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">COLUMNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'@id'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDINALITY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">country_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'COUNTRY_ID'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">country_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'COUNTRY_NAME'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">id</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">_id</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">country_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">country_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----+---------------+--------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AU</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Australia</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FR</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">France</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SG</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Singapore</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__section13522850152419"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Mapping a Table to XML</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul164971131164512"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li64971431174515">table_to_xml(tbl regclass, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p11878236459">Description: Maps the contents of a table to XML values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p118752394517">Return type: XML</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul670163564516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1570116355458">table_to_xmlschema(tbl regclass, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p108718236458">Description: Maps a relational table schema to an XML schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p178722314512">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul2458173915457"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1145843964520">table_to_xml_and_xmlschema(tbl regclass, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p78713234453">Description: Maps a relational table to XML values and schema documents.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1687523164519">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul14409174324516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1740944364515">query_to_xml(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p12871223164512">Description: Maps the contents of an SQL query to XML values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p38762319453">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1070654614515"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li4707154614516">query_to_xmlschema(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p198718235458">Description: Maps an SQL query into an XML schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p3871923124513">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1799413522457"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li169941052164515">query_to_xml_and_xmlschema(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p387823204512">Description: Maps SQL queries to XML values and schema documents.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1687202384518">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1338175764520"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1338155734511">cursor_to_xml(cursor refcursor, count int, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p198792314457">Description: Maps a cursor query to an XML value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p128872310459">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul135059019464"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li105051609468">cursor_to_xmlschema(cursor refcursor, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p188820239459">Description: Maps a cursor query to an XML schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p288192364515">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul421418844618"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li142141387460">schema_to_xml(schema name, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p16881223184516">Description: Maps a table in a schema to an XML value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1588723124516">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul1888781116462"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1788741112468">schema_to_xmlschema(schema name, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p688172364510">Description: Maps a table in a schema to an XML schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p788142311455">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul124725165460"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li18472191604618">schema_to_xml_and_xmlschema(schema name, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p19881923174519">Description: Maps a table in a schema to an XML value and a schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p788323174514">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul171226203467"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li412212209461">database_to_xml(nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p16881623164510">Description: Maps a database table to an XML value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p78862394512">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul11645223164613"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li18645823144612">database_to_xmlschema(nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p3881923124516">Description: Maps a database table to an XML schema document.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p98819237454">Return type: XML</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul12522142715465"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li17522102714461">database_to_xml_and_xmlschema(nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p9881423124514">Description: Maps database tables to XML values and schema documents.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p1388122317454">Return type: XML</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__note8984143162815"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__p4660202812812">The parameters for mapping a table to an XML value are described as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__ul10231132316295"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li11231112372919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b37785517118">tbl</strong>: table name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li142311923192912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b93231121227">nulls</strong>: indicates whether the output contains null values. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b25821011221">true</strong>, the null value in the column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1810502714216">&lt;columnname xsi:nil="true"/&gt;</strong>. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b7938732125">false</strong>, the columns containing null values are omitted from the output.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1523152315299"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b54926411122">tableforest</strong>: If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b7418164612219">true</strong>, XML fragments are generated. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b184349535214">false</strong>, XML files are generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1231122310293"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b822713010314">targetns</strong>: specifies the XML namespace of the desired result. If this parameter is not specified, an empty string is passed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1833602214330"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b8689625339">query</strong>: SQL query statement</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li2058211438337"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b13508535834">cursor</strong>: cursor name</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li1135343910339"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b8514163812311">count</strong>: amount of data obtained from the cursor</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__li5271191218346"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910847__b1957118491934">schema</strong>: schema name</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0068.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0068.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Call Stack Recording Functions</h1>
+<div id="body1599459477562"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p848217410256">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b18529131316311">pv_memory_profiling(type int)</strong> and environment variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1492121711319">MALLOC_CONF</strong> are used by <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__text443568464">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to control the enabling and disabling of the memory allocation call stack recording module and the output of the memory call stack. The following figure illustrates the process.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p2293185820247"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__image04663369277" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099151052.png"></span></p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__section6347191611619"><h4 class="sectiontitle">MALLOC_CONF</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p18174334192016">The environment variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b122482023193114">MALLOC_CONF</strong> is used to enable the monitoring module. It is in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1262431017329">${BIGDATA_HOME}/mppdb/.mppdbgs_profile</strong> file and is enabled by default. Note the following points: </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul1750118496207"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li135027499201">Restart the database after modifying this environment variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li81581746302">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b34099917347">om_monitor</strong> is enabled in the cluster, restart the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b8538422193415">om_monitor</strong> process and then the database after setting this environment variable, so that the setting can take effect. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li142761071325">This environment variable can be set on all servers in the cluster or on some servers where the module needs to be enabled. For the GaussDB process, each process determines whether to enable the module based on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b185811426386">MALLOC_CONF</strong> environment variable.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p3634177153413">Commands for enabling and disabling <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b26077133912">MALLOC_CONF</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul184481517144111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li10448131712414">Enabling the monitoring module:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen18168175015189">export MALLOC_CONF=prof:true</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li1151772519413">Disabling the monitoring module:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen64439230347">export MALLOC_CONF=prof:false</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__section130612653215"><h4 class="sectiontitle">pv_memory_profiling (type int)</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p171911547153615">Parameter description: Controls the backtrace recording and output of memory allocation functions such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b01508106401">malloc</strong> in the kernel.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p686116306476">Value range: a positive integer from 0 to 3.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__table15845932133314" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Values and descriptions of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b2527102254117">pv_memory_profiling</strong></caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__row19846183253313"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" id="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p984615327338">pv_memory_profiling</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p48461732163315">Value</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.82%" id="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p284743263318">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__row1484711324334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p20847163273316">0</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.82%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p15847133223313">Disables the memory trace function and does not record information of call stacks such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b83181269428">malloc</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__row1084711320334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p19847153219339">1</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.82%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p15848332143313">Enables the memory trace function to record information of call stacks such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b63284408429">malloc</strong>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__row1584893212331"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p684820324339">2</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.82%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p184817324331">Outputs trace logs of call stacks such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1687192414432">malloc</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul154871619344"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li16488169342">Output path: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b0136131994411">/proc/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i73839211449">pid</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b71902248441">/cwd</strong> directory. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i06381229174416">pid</em> indicates the ID of the GaussDB process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li4879141919346">Output log name format: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b207941008171">jeprof.&lt;</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i337810595153">pid</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b8998151814177">&gt;.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i586392641713">*</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1411142418170">.heap</strong>, where <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i18167513204614">pid</em> indicates the ID of the GaussDB process and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i58807339173">*</em> indicates the unique sequence number of the output trace log, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b179831031184618">jeprof.195473.0.u0.heap</strong>.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__row2084843218336"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26.179999999999996%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p184843253310">3</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="73.82%" headers="mcps1.3.4.4.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p17849183214334">Outputs memory statistics.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul050684816357"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li45061948193511">Output path: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b173794551466">/proc/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i53791055144612">pid</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1938075534617">/cwd</strong> directory. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i13380955104619">pid</em> indicates the ID of the GaussDB process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li1585381133617">Log name format: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i132391540184710">Node name</em> + <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i340813453478">Process ID</em> + <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__i104871648194719">Time</em> + <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b192075715478">heap_stats</strong> + <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b20690180114816">.out</strong>. You can use vim to open the file.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p11353182719379">Return type: Boolean</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p373863612383">Note:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul1659894217366"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li1748654133910">If the function is called successfully, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b17768183154917">true</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b344163616498">false</strong> is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li14773131653918">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b133683535497">Memory profiling failed, check if $MALLOC_CONF contain 'prof:true'.</strong> is displayed, it indicates that the module is used when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b076961617500">MALLOC_CONF=prof:true</strong> is not set. In this case, you need to set the environment variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li1877391616397">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b13897735165015">Type %d is not supported. The valid range is 0-3.</strong> is displayed, the parameter value is incorrect. The correct values are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b13532103145117">0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b10538133395118">1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b234510359518">2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b945803818519">3</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li1598174283619">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b7946175325119">Memory profiling failed, inputed type is %d, failed number is %d.</strong> is displayed, contact technical support for assistance.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__section21664123158"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Outputting Memory Call Stack Information</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p11915135151714">Procedure:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ol12919410131712"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li119191910111712"><span>Execute the following statement to output the memory call stack information and output the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1749043211538">trace</strong> file in the directory where the GaussDB process is located:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen92911826191710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li156101819171717"><span>Use the jeprof tool provided by jemalloc to parse log information.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p996193361911">Method 1: Output in text format.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen198728512198">jeprof --text --show_bytes $GAUSSHOME/bin/gaussdb trace file 1 &gt;prof.txt</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__p7888184912193">Method 2: Export the report in PDF format.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen19901710122012">jeprof --pdf --show_bytes $GAUSSHOME/bin/gaussdb trace file 1 &gt; prof.pdf</pre>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__note20310240154214"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__ul15311940134219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li197891737122311">To parse the memory call stack information, you need to use the GaussDB source code for analysis. You need to send the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b15813433174717">trace</strong> file to R&amp;D engineers for analysis.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__li14311144004217">To analyze the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__b1173220225510">trace</strong> file, you need to use the jeprof tool, which is generated by jemalloc. The Perl environment is required for using the tool. To generate PDF calling diagrams, you need to install the Graphviz tool that matches the OS.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__section316154111598"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510947__screen910012521244"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Log in as the system administrator, set environment variables, and start the database.</span>
+<span class="n">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MALLOC_CONF</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">prof</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Disable the memory trace recording function when the database is running.</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Enable the memory trace recording function when the database is running.</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Output memory trace records.</span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Generate the trace file in text or PDF format in the directory where the GaussDB process is located.</span>
+<span class="n">jeprof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--text --show_bytes $GAUSSHOME/bin/gaussdb trace file 1 &gt;prof.txt</span>
+<span class="n">jeprof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--pdf --show_bytes $GAUSSHOME/bin/gaussdb trace file 1 &gt; prof.pdf</span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Output memory statistics.</span>
+<span class="k">Execute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">following</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">generate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statistics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GaussDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">located</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">directly</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pv_memory_profiling</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0027.html">Functions and Operators</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0069.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0069.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de09035e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0069.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510907"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510907"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0070.html">Simple Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0071.html">Conditional Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0072.html">Subquery Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0073.html">Array Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0074.html">Row Expressions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0070.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0070.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56640f68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0070.html
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Simple Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__s256c6032aa374037a04f5073012f2702"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Logical Expressions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a26a28589d465479797b2ff5955a042d9"><a href="dws_06_0028.html">Logical Operators</a> lists the operators and calculation rules of logical expressions.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__s830e997afb20461f8059daba265149ff"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Comparative Expressions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a44202e9d9ce043f3a6beb6527cd7be41"><a href="dws_06_0029.html">Comparison Operators</a> lists the common comparative operators.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a0cdc61703cad48cc889cab4a23cb41b8">In addition to comparative operators, you can also use the following sentence structure:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__ud3f4677ec33a4a3caf092c48a9fd89f8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__l99048c7decee4955bb60f6d31b2a930f">BETWEEN operator<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__adaf012a70d604328bf70bcd63ebb946a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__l99048c7decee4955bb60f6d31b2a930f"></a><a name="l99048c7decee4955bb60f6d31b2a930f"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b84235270620354">a  BETWEEN  x<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__i136301522020352"> </em> AND  y</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b84235270620358">a &gt;= x AND a &lt;= y</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a63a9897ab84d4e40be6c1ec57647957a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b8423527062047">a  NOT BETWEEN<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__i67082715"></em> x  AND y</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b84235270620414">a &lt; x OR a &gt; y</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__ld159d58d830a4a6ab1fb329e3e78ac1a">To check whether a value is null, use:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a8db34b14798b4ca9ad31b81bd9978e94"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__ld159d58d830a4a6ab1fb329e3e78ac1a"></a><a name="ld159d58d830a4a6ab1fb329e3e78ac1a"></a>expression<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a0b1eac2d0253470ab03c0815524a3373"> </em>IS NULL</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a6c96bca28a724687836a6f9761d1f169">expression IS NOT NULL</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a58e70477bccd41dd8bcd79a7e2e2733c">or an equivalent (non-standard) sentence structure:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__a04bd919636364457814f51e761c4330c">expression<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__af6085b891e71472590da7c3d778f02b0"> </em>  ISNULL</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__aff96043625bc432eb167b1edcc722419">expression  NOTNULL</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__nc11565216db546a6ab70592c1d903892"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__af75c0018c9f948209f07aceed52a22d2">Do not write <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b52414719510">expression=NULL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b122604410517">expression&lt;&gt;(!=)NULL</strong>, because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__b62141141345">NULL</strong> represents an unknown value, and these expressions cannot determine whether two unknown values are equal.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__s226d2ccf1fcf4f18bc62404fb52de829"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710839__s3dea1a3b223141b68ef9ffa9c3efa768"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span>
+<span class="normal">53</span>
+<span class="normal">54</span>
+<span class="normal">55</span>
+<span class="normal">56</span>
+<span class="normal">57</span>
+<span class="normal">58</span>
+<span class="normal">59</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISNULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOTNULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Conditional Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a0f876f9bea274bec808ae3f8dc281a60">Data that meets the requirements specified by conditional expressions are filtered during SQL statement execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a5eca7c2f2bf3441cafd7d867b17b4f27">Conditional expressions include the following types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__u2cea714a99ef4474a05ac8d277c55c19"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__led211cefbacc4f9e97cd244e287a84d7">CASE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__aa59d0d978c644bf48bec0f96bbf5c15f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__led211cefbacc4f9e97cd244e287a84d7"></a><a name="led211cefbacc4f9e97cd244e287a84d7"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b4250182919517">CASE</strong> expressions are similar to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b6255192955117">CASE</strong> statements in other coding languages.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ab67e538ac06143f891cb3f49041464e7"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f01d218ade2304aa39904ab7270de148d">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1390331125113">CASE</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f01d218ade2304aa39904ab7270de148d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f01d218ade2304aa39904ab7270de148d"></a><a name="f01d218ade2304aa39904ab7270de148d"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>case::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ica40f54403a5420ab2edadc3e307b833" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145830893.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ae9a1863646864b3694e5e33177c87bf7">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b842352706104757">CASE</strong> clause can be used in a valid expression. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270611329">condition</strong> is an expression that returns a value of Boolean type.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__u2c76c7b4871e44b08902417375579821"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l70a25f439dff4f2f90c070bd79f579df">If the result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270611336">true</strong>, the result of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b842352706113239">CASE</strong> expression is the required result.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l51bcff071b8c4047a703ff3fe52538e2">If the result is false, the following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b12916447154916">WHEN</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694712">ELSE</strong> clauses are processed in the same way.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__lfbfbf504ed5844f3bc614b6168835896">If every <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b0920200165014">WHEN condition</strong> is false, the result of the expression is the result of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b4921120155011">ELSE</strong> clause. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527061023">ELSE</strong> clause is omitted and has no match condition, the result is NULL.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a9dddd557b5b34a93b1658bf41a82a9cc">Examples:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s9a0b59931d684c19b80ca0c5bcd25140"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">case_when_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CW_COL1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CW_COL1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">case_when_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">case_when_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CW_COL1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CW_COL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'one'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CW_COL1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'two'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'other'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">case_when_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">---+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">other</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">two</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">case_when_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ldc2e2c1181974a0c8b09e9fbf1cb90b1">DECODE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a6f8da2b35d804a219fb63c6acbd4a1fc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ldc2e2c1181974a0c8b09e9fbf1cb90b1"></a><a name="ldc2e2c1181974a0c8b09e9fbf1cb90b1"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fd14d2a98b6614a1990d3a7745dd91b21">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b196043945112">DECODE</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fd14d2a98b6614a1990d3a7745dd91b21"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fd14d2a98b6614a1990d3a7745dd91b21"></a><a name="fd14d2a98b6614a1990d3a7745dd91b21"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>decode::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__i4c5e9873a48144c294fcad1708cfc4d4" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145710975.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a9009bfa45245458d9c9a13d463a6d66a">Compare each following <strong>compare(n)</strong> with <strong>base_expr</strong>, <strong>value(n)</strong> is returned if a <strong>compare(n)</strong> matches the <strong>base_expr</strong> expression. If base_expr does not match each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270611366">compare(n)</strong>, the default value is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a69ac06fb74a34faea8639f884ac0d9ba"><a href="dws_06_0050.html">Conditional Expression Functions</a> describes the examples.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s1748df4707cc47fea3cf3230b567d67f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DECODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l84e0e13843cb4015980223e39a7c7d47">COALESCE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__aff2e321fdbd24061830aa4f53ac809a1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l84e0e13843cb4015980223e39a7c7d47"></a><a name="l84e0e13843cb4015980223e39a7c7d47"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f49993c20aa1746a1bcd8dc6fc33f1129">Figure 3</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b2105346195111">COALESCE</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f49993c20aa1746a1bcd8dc6fc33f1129"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f49993c20aa1746a1bcd8dc6fc33f1129"></a><a name="f49993c20aa1746a1bcd8dc6fc33f1129"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>coalesce::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__i1df7f04570d54dafbf65ec04f1ed6b31" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145511041.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ad205b75c5746422da64e93ea3b91b23d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b842352706113655">COALESCE</strong> returns its first non-NULL value. If all the arguments are NULL, return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270614536">NULL</strong>. This value is replaced by the default value when data is displayed. Like a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b842352706113716">CASE</strong> expression, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b842352706113717">COALESCE</strong> only evaluates the parameters that are needed to determine the result. That is, parameters to the right of the first non-null parameter are not evaluated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a84b935c49ed947a1984323c042a367ca">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s4086b4242684429c8cdc16b6a3ae837c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">short_description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'efg'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'efg'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'123'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">short_description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">short_description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">short_description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+-------------------+------------+----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">efg</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">efg</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">efg</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_tabl</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a520475585c794ad5b453c6686c3a8e6b">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694840">description</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694846">NULL</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694913">description</strong> is returned. Otherwise, parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695034">short_description</strong> is calculated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695058">short_description</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527069517">NULL</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695238">short_description</strong> is returned. Otherwise, parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695726">last_value</strong> is calculated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527069581">last_value</strong> is not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527069587">NULL</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695824">last_value</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695840">none</strong> is returned.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s2b155e787cd44bfc8879b0fca292578e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Hello World'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l919966ae124a4fc99bd9ef4fc6c1f555">NULLIF<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a49475243b9dd4d8cbab30bd43fbb2439"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l919966ae124a4fc99bd9ef4fc6c1f555"></a><a name="l919966ae124a4fc99bd9ef4fc6c1f555"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f08785065f90f4fcf836fcc8d88b56686">Figure 4</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8273454135119">NULLIF</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f08785065f90f4fcf836fcc8d88b56686"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f08785065f90f4fcf836fcc8d88b56686"></a><a name="f08785065f90f4fcf836fcc8d88b56686"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>nullif::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__i92de3e9f7b2e49c2bc68328248b740d9" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098831044.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ad5ed32583e14476c8d73907911642b83">Only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527069392">value1</strong> is equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270693920">value2</strong> can <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270619205">NULLIF</strong> return the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270693938">NULL</strong> value. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694019">value1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a16f52c0520614e939f1f7a10a9a15c0f">Examples</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s5f5e71e754534e78b49c96146f7191d6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">null_if_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NI_VALUE1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NI_VALUE2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NI_VALUE1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">null_if_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">null_if_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'efg'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NI_VALUE1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NI_VALUE2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULLIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NI_VALUE1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NI_VALUE2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">null_if_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ni_value1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ni_value2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">efg</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">null_if_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ad5becb7262de48949ec4b2c3a0898acb">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694033">value1</strong> is equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694043">value2</strong>, <strong>NULL</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270694050">value1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s97011ba26d1a426f98c5aaca10b52f3a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULLIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Hello World'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullif</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l9a6f588d37a44eeaa79958cac230cd00">GREATEST (maximum value) and LEAST (minimum value)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ab4b0fd5367ea48f79ffb80ff56da0bc2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__l9a6f588d37a44eeaa79958cac230cd00"></a><a name="l9a6f588d37a44eeaa79958cac230cd00"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7837163f04e147fdbf313fc02759293e">Figure 5</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b712115215212">GREATEST</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7837163f04e147fdbf313fc02759293e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7837163f04e147fdbf313fc02759293e"></a><a name="f7837163f04e147fdbf313fc02759293e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 5 </b>greatest::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ia393570e45d0453bb945d753ee7e7159" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098991040.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__aa6b4956052204819a327e62631920fa6">You can select the maximum value from any numerical expression list.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s48fa7ca770014726b386d5aa627b5b20"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">155555</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greatest</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">155555</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a9f7cfe96605841dd9703c5dff3028e20"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7c82b3fb53a74e5b928072c3e971408a">Figure 6</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1756317114535">LEAST</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7c82b3fb53a74e5b928072c3e971408a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f7c82b3fb53a74e5b928072c3e971408a"></a><a name="f7c82b3fb53a74e5b928072c3e971408a"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 6 </b>least::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__idc5160d4d9314e17b6ebff7652abd973" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098671216.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a1700fb041885483cb11bd05172a453c4">You can select the minimum value from any numerical expression list.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__aa87ae3cd969343f2a49f77a4dd2b9216">Each of the preceding numeric expressions can be converted into a common data type, which will be the data type of the result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a1c615034f59a4be89717ec9a9b09169a">The NULL values in the list will be ignored. The result is <strong>NULL</strong> only if the results of all expressions are <strong>NULL</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__sd83f48dcb2e84602a4cc5370cce3cefc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">least</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a7b591bd026ba4805b12fb7019a42f38b"><a href="dws_06_0050.html">Conditional Expression Functions</a> describes the examples.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__lcd79f914ae894636867848ced69c90c1">NVL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ab517abfa8ed84b5981c876b5aaf64928"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__lcd79f914ae894636867848ced69c90c1"></a><a name="lcd79f914ae894636867848ced69c90c1"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f94614e31e7e046d7842d729dbd442f86">Figure 7</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1315448165316">NVL</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f94614e31e7e046d7842d729dbd442f86"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__f94614e31e7e046d7842d729dbd442f86"></a><a name="f94614e31e7e046d7842d729dbd442f86"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 7 </b>nvl::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ic0fcb68e0aec45a390df35076853eaea" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145911019.jpg"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__ae833592c00624a65b9dba31efe59d08f">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695148">value1</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b84235270695158">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8423527069525">value2</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b8822872195224">value1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__a7be5a0bf71214a778ab164d5ff476008">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__sfa18b4a1327547c1816cc69cc3f1ade2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nvl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NVL</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__s43e0005b690c482c813bc2dec3345ffe"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nvl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello World'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">nvl</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">World</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__li4797241004">IF<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p107971641504"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__li4797241004"></a><a name="li4797241004"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig591124561511">Figure 8</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b731187121314">IF</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig591124561511"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig591124561511"></a><a name="fig591124561511"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 8 </b>if::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__image3912164513152" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001099151022.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p179711420015">If the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b773554781510">bool_expr</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1174184918159">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b16687751131510">expr1</strong> is returned. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b162545421618">expr2</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p2079714905"><a href="dws_06_0050.html">Conditional Expression Functions</a> describes the examples.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__li350189009">IFNULL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p550189204"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__li350189009"></a><a name="li350189009"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig294554533118">Figure 9</a> shows the syntax of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1072617549168">NULLIF</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig294554533118"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__fig294554533118"></a><a name="fig294554533118"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 9 </b>ifnull::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__image19945145193120" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145511043.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p18501169202">Only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b713473206">value1</strong> is equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b95367699">value2</strong> can <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b855262939">NULLIF</strong> return the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1218156497">NULL</strong> value. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__b1949017036">value1</strong> is returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990688__p175013917017"><a href="dws_06_0050.html">Conditional Expression Functions</a> describes the examples.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0072.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0072.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Subquery Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a09551f5469df4e8cb7f1b5e248268992">Subquery expressions include the following types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__u834ceffbc72f4ba3bb94f96efc81ed80"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l249f8ce86bcf4349b3740f0d59543522">EXISTS/NOT EXISTS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a80abbe65600e4ee58b2c7883f085c5a9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l249f8ce86bcf4349b3740f0d59543522"></a><a name="l249f8ce86bcf4349b3740f0d59543522"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f575631d43042448bb4015781d352f07b">Figure 1</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__b827210291409">EXISTS/NOT EXISTS</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f575631d43042448bb4015781d352f07b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f575631d43042448bb4015781d352f07b"></a><a name="f575631d43042448bb4015781d352f07b"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>EXISTS/NOT EXISTS::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ifff6c920f7a1470bbc6c1881e103eb03" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145710995.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a959747fe2b2e462b9733adf02673b897">The parameter of an <strong>EXISTS</strong> expression is an arbitrary <strong>SELECT</strong> statement, or subquery. The subquery is evaluated to determine whether it returns any rows. If it returns at least one row, the result of <strong>EXISTS</strong> is "true". If the subquery returns no rows, the result of <strong>EXISTS</strong> is "false".</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a4abd6be78e934d6bbdd5dd2354d62ca8">The subquery will generally only be executed long enough to determine whether at least one row is returned, not all the way to completion.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a6db683341891470fa5afbf9fc929a61e">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__s357dc3b46d524187bbe159270f854a7c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ld9e299e2ccc64e579e0430a97dc0dbe9">IN/NOT IN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a6380d367c4084303be6d313dc62b0b39"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ld9e299e2ccc64e579e0430a97dc0dbe9"></a><a name="ld9e299e2ccc64e579e0430a97dc0dbe9"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f87790713e7a743a5b623e1f09c2da29b">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__b969015338019">IN/NOT IN</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f87790713e7a743a5b623e1f09c2da29b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f87790713e7a743a5b623e1f09c2da29b"></a><a name="f87790713e7a743a5b623e1f09c2da29b"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>IN/NOT IN::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ifc193a89c64f47c6930bed19da44a264" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145911043.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a5b2a6a9ed8b8430ca573d701d0dbc040">The right-hand side is a parenthesized subquery, which must return exactly one column. The left-hand expression is evaluated and compared to each row of the subquery result. The result of <strong>IN</strong> is "true" if any equal subquery row is found. The result is "false" if no equal row is found (including the case where the subquery returns no rows).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__aa47bacc9a4734d298b628e00c4abf559">This is in accordance with SQL's normal rules for Boolean combinations of null values. If the columns corresponding to two rows equal and are not empty, the two rows are equal to each other. If any columns corresponding to the two rows do not equal and are not empty, the two rows are not equal to each other. Otherwise, the result is <strong>NULL</strong>. If there are no equal right-hand values and at least one right-hand row yields null, the result of <strong>IN</strong> will be null, not false.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a6bf4968305bd43e9b66f0064a09352ec">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__se02b717b388d4fb394c15a25803a6667"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l631d63070e6a49a086bb63b556c491f5">ANY/SOME<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a4c5a607e0a2f41bb8de4f91c06456199"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l631d63070e6a49a086bb63b556c491f5"></a><a name="l631d63070e6a49a086bb63b556c491f5"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__fdceb3a5e35db44408dfa28a129fae88e">Figure 3</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__b1111215403018">ANY/SOME</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__fdceb3a5e35db44408dfa28a129fae88e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__fdceb3a5e35db44408dfa28a129fae88e"></a><a name="fdceb3a5e35db44408dfa28a129fae88e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>any/some::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__i1c7cbec27e49401bb2c33413be0c00a9" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098671238.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a780bd91bcee74448a6782095767b112b">The right-hand side is a parenthesized subquery, which must return exactly one column. The left-hand expression is evaluated and compared to each row of the subquery result using the given operator, which must yield a Boolean result. The result of <strong>ANY</strong> is "true" if any true result is obtained. The result is "false" if no true result is found (including the case where the subquery returns no rows). <strong>SOME</strong> is a synonym of <strong>ANY</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__b84235270610352">IN</strong> can be equivalently replaced with <strong>ANY</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ac1585ace177c407c9e402f6fbf8b0e4d">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__s931a0edf37b7429b8ba1cd979b8d425f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l413f079176da402f8d46a357d5a800c4">ALL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a4da5c2d6d6254245bf26fa91a8b61e4f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__l413f079176da402f8d46a357d5a800c4"></a><a name="l413f079176da402f8d46a357d5a800c4"></a><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f785d31056d7f4f3390b9f1bf6370fb59">Figure 4</a> shows the syntax of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__b19569343507">ALL</strong> expression.</p>
+<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f785d31056d7f4f3390b9f1bf6370fb59"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__f785d31056d7f4f3390b9f1bf6370fb59"></a><a name="f785d31056d7f4f3390b9f1bf6370fb59"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 4 </b>all::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__ib818e53aff684e3b8022a3a5f451411d" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098831064.png"></span></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a805a8f62c9db4ddeadf221bd23c79a9e">The right-hand side is a parenthesized subquery, which must return exactly one column. The left-hand expression is evaluated and compared to each row of the subquery result using the given operator, which must yield a Boolean result. The result of <strong>ALL</strong> is "true" if all rows yield true (including the case where the subquery returns no rows). The result is "false" if any false result is found.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__a42a483e41c4b47df84db5e5c2223ab53">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910889__s232794271baa4424bb479488e275f5c0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------+----------------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0073.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0073.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Array Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s1506af44cd81445388a9cb2691adff26"><h4 class="sectiontitle">IN</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a87c85e3a006045fe87f7daf39235fb27"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a33e05404cbd649e2aec93c98059d862f">expression </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a272260c0fe524bafa100e8dfc2d06c2a">IN </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a7be8d2cd3cdf4d7fb221b73180435503">(value [, ...])</em></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a420f6fe5c7d84e35998e1bd6b22286b1">The parentheses on the right contain an expression list. The expression result on the left is compared with the content in the expression list. If the content in the list meets the expression result on the left, the result of <strong>IN</strong> is <strong>true</strong>. If no result meets the requirements, the result of <strong>IN</strong> is <strong>false</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a98cba870d4ef456886e8fe9d2e928303">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__sc3a9b6983bb647b4aa9e153b314d6beb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__n40674dfe1f134cacaa5b4d46dc55e5f1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a5f736a3d1461437499baddfc81b0a079">If the expression result is null or the expression list does not meet the expression conditions and at least one empty value is returned for the expression list on the right, the result of <strong>IN</strong> is <strong>null</strong> rather than <strong>false</strong>. This method is consistent with the Boolean rules used when SQL statements return empty values.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s3c332f39c0a141bfb26d5d925c1ab5b9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">NOT IN</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a0b2c4c158219405989ecd75570206ceb"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a76d2403b0a7d4aac9900adf888ba2cc2">expression </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a2cc1bfc95c2b48a6a27bf891702a952a">NOT IN</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__acede6ddaad1240b1b25e058ca2cc3a93"> (value [, ...])</em></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ad960bcd9aafa4c768b96fe7fcdba4446">The parentheses on the right contain an expression list. The expression result on the left is compared with the content in the expression list. If the content in the list does not meet the expression result on the left, the result of <strong>NOT IN</strong> is <strong>true</strong>. If any content meets the expression result, the result of <strong>NOT IN</strong> is <strong>false</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a09886d3c602446be8b3bf91436691842">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__sae5c09bb18744c9d9231f4b695efdc4a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__n338c4cb5e841446683fe3fe3401ec569"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a9661b067d1c64f43813914a0bd501fab">If the query statement result is null or the expression list does not meet the expression conditions and at least one empty value is returned for the expression list on the right, the result of <strong>NOT IN</strong> is <strong>null</strong> rather than <strong>false</strong>. This method is consistent with the Boolean rules used when SQL statements return empty values.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__aadf30d33ce1d40e8acbe5d0843c17af0">In all situations, <strong>X NOT IN Y</strong> equals to <strong>NOT(X IN Y)</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s97f30c4dbc784460a403274384e165d9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ANY/SOME (array)</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a152e9c8ef09048a98fa675685efdc935"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a2d1571757cbb4c9dbef477fae6fac0ba">expression operator </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a464ceda022064c3bb0ab2592dcfcc11a">ANY </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a2cee19429bfd4c04a148465d894e31c3">(array expression)</em></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a70c86b5efef846dbb87eb68b8a463783"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ab34a70a816cf4b6d9319e220136c6dd9">expression operator </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a558dd22aa4714490a9675e7a071bbb4e">SOME </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__af424d3bbbcdc4157a37d0980e27e380b">(array expression)</em></p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s6cda9ce6efb54ceea946683a2a09ca89"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SOME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s57d412872911480cbdf6d1b842fd596c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__aba293867d2fc4aae8e515f3378e36c70">The parentheses on the right contain an array expression, which must generate an array value. The result of the expression on the left uses operators to compute and compare the results in each row of the array expression. The comparison result must be a Boolean value.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__u3d0a7653be234430b725608f40aba72b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__le19886080f844c67b0612ad126a11c69">If at least one comparison result is true, the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b8423527062008">ANY</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b8423527062007">true</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__l7bbc37a1c82b499d9f62f77415cef368">If no comparison result is true, the result of ANY is false.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__n5d984abff88c4c20bbf141ff4ed18cec"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a4b0ed454648e4c8f9fcf110039cf5f82">If no comparison result is true and the array expression generates at least one null value, the value of ANY is NULL, rather than false. This method is consistent with the Boolean rules used when SQL statements return empty values.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ab9bbfd322bb5409e880f5b738f2ed5c1"><strong>SOME</strong> is a synonym of <strong>ANY</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s2d2f75520eac47df88f1d1c0048b06ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">ALL (array)</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a7d6cbd71cf1f434a960f8537677aca4a"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a1a89c7a0853a4978881383e1eba9f953">expression operator </em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a5049cc39ddd74c9ca3adace2487319fb">ALL </strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a29037e373bcd4d8d8a7a607bbaeb247e">(array expression)</em></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ab6b6149950664cf7b27c84e53c60bcbd">The parentheses on the right contain an array expression, which must generate an array value. The result of the expression on the left uses operators to compute and compare the results in each row of the array expression. The comparison result must be a Boolean value.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__u82006e10dbcd42a8857e544f4824c486"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__lc280252be4074c5d9774034a196c5d94">The result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__a593fd3badc444e1d93a4bc47318263a5">ALL</strong> is "true" if all comparisons yield <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ae5da2bdc1d5a45a8b3fd8d6898319155">true</strong> (including the case where the array has zero elements).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__lbf3da77f470a4a4bacdad408238b1c2b">The result is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b842352706175617">false</strong> if any false result is found.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__ab2a301ab2d2943d0af4b5d26199c0a23">If the array expression yields a null array, the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b842352706144945">ALL</strong> will be null. If the left-hand expression yields null, the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b84235270614500">ALL</strong> is ordinarily null (though a non-strict comparison operator could possibly yield a different result). Also, if the right-hand array contains any null elements and no false comparison result is obtained, the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__b842352706145018">ALL</strong> will be null, not true (again, assuming a strict comparison operator). This method is consistent with the Boolean rules used when SQL statements return empty values.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830565__s4fc3c6b5eb3f434ab31ab9c23c7d7ea3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9000</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0074.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0074.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c83ecdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0074.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Row Expressions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a102b1d0932864dc395edc075be32cc54">Syntax:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a691a3f4476ce4c3385030d964f9cf9bc"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__ac83555c17fdf4510ab59b78b2bbdcce6">row_constructor operator row_constructor</em></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a353cf789987e48459e596e5cc75fcbd8">Both sides of the row expression are row constructors. The values of both rows must have the same number of fields and they are compared with each other. The row comparison allows operators including =, &lt;&gt;, &lt;, &lt;=, and &gt;= or a similar operator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a588aa7f506f448a2b76c5dff4f915996">The use of operators =&lt;&gt; is slightly different from other operators. If all fields of two rows are not empty and equal, the two rows are equal. If any field in two rows is not empty and not equal, the two rows are not equal. Otherwise, the comparison result is null.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a8ae8adec64f54dda993a080197361825">For operators &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, and &gt; =, the fields in rows are compared from left to right until a pair of fields that are not equal or are empty are detected. If the pair of fields contains at least one null value, the comparison result is null. Otherwise, the comparison result of this pair of fields is the final result.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__a1d9311a9fa78480c8ec789a0944fa3e4">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710785__s58efeefa84d04cff8f13d139641501ee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0069.html">Expressions</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0075.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0075.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7963fd78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0075.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150996"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150996"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Type Conversion</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0076.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0077.html">Operators</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0078.html">Functions</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0079.html">Value Storage</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0080.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0076.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0076.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5bb738f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0076.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__s5eea9597369541dfa80d64e9ebdd3869"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Context</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a965f9fcc928348c2a87d27e1476df41b">SQL is a typed language. That is, every data item has an associated data type which determines its behavior and allowed usage. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__text1641535030">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has an extensible type system that is more general and flexible than other SQL implementations. Hence, most type conversion behavior in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__text478432129">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is governed by general rules. This allows the use of mixed-type expressions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a1bdbfa7595174ab0bb9a0a2b75698f51">The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__text1775035368">GaussDB(DWS)</span> scanner/parser divides lexical elements into five fundamental categories: integers, floating-point numbers, strings, identifiers, and keywords. Constants of most non-numeric types are first classified as strings. The SQL language definition allows specifying type names with constant strings. For example, the query:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__s7da2fdb54d9e4a66b57b88ad97ed2df4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Origin'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;label&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'(0,0)'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">label</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------+-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Origin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a43273ab374b9411dbcf827472ea97736">has two literal constants, of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706103821">text</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706103826">point</strong>. If a type is not specified for a string literal, then the placeholder type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b91729302566">unknown</strong> is assigned initially.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a1c47516ebb9b4fc0b6b57a252ed87200">There are four fundamental SQL constructs requiring distinct type conversion rules in the <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__text88368503">GaussDB(DWS)</span> parser:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__u3edc1903e2244967936d1e3558aa54a9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l0761a6f7a6564b7c982f65c7329974c4">Function calls<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a960fd9870504400c8180f6509437a8d7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l0761a6f7a6564b7c982f65c7329974c4"></a><a name="l0761a6f7a6564b7c982f65c7329974c4"></a>Much of the SQL type system is built around a rich set of functions. Functions can have one or more arguments. Since SQL permits function overloading, the function name alone does not uniquely identify the function to be called. The parser must select the right function based on the data types of the supplied arguments.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__lbc1f68199e4b446a86eb061eb56b80e9">Operators<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a936ac123a7124caabd52c1376db865e8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__lbc1f68199e4b446a86eb061eb56b80e9"></a><a name="lbc1f68199e4b446a86eb061eb56b80e9"></a>SQL allows expressions with prefix and postfix unary (one-argument) operators, as well as binary (two-argument) operators. Like functions, operators can be overloaded, so the same problem of selecting the right operator exists.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l380457e682884652893b809c6839d352">Value Storage<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a13a4c28d6de24dafb123b3be0837b690"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l380457e682884652893b809c6839d352"></a><a name="l380457e682884652893b809c6839d352"></a>SQL <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706112739">INSERT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706112745">UPDATE</strong> statements place the results of expressions into a table. The expressions in the statement must be matched up with, and perhaps converted to, the types of the target columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l7c0f60dd04ec42c68dddfe4ef5c94008"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b84235270611291">UNION</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b84235270611294">CASE</strong>, and related constructs<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a1808068808784da3a9e5475a40feb1bd">Since all query results from a unionized <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706112935">SELECT</strong> statement must appear in a single set of columns, the types of the results of each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706112948">SELECT</strong> clause must be matched up and converted to a uniform set. Similarly, the result expressions of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706113022">CASE</strong> construct must be converted to a common type so that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706113031">CASE</strong> expression as a whole has a known output type. The same holds for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706113051">ARRAY</strong> constructs, and for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706113057">GREATEST</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b84235270611310">LEAST</strong> functions.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__abd91f6d473e5473fae186d7d1ea0e34b">The system catalog pg_cast stores information about which conversions, or casts, exist between which data types, and how to perform those conversions. For details, see PG_CAST.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a64696ab4cf5a442d865615c96f7d7ca6">The return type and conversion behavior of an expression are determined during semantic analysis. Data types are divided into several basic type categories, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b13177164316228"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__text214617390222">boolean</span></strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114028">numeric</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114033">string</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114039">bitstring</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114045">datetime</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114050">timespan</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b842352706114056">geometric</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b84235270611418">network</strong>. Within each category there can be one or more preferred types, which are preferred when there is a choice of possible types. With careful selection of preferred types and available implicit casts, it is possible to ensure that ambiguous expressions (those with multiple candidate parsing solutions) can be resolved in a useful way.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__a91f32802ab6640babd6a0208a8fbcff8">All type conversion rules are designed based on the following principles:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__u36bc257cda6848d4b9934fd2b4eb5ea9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__lb872c224bce3427d99b73e09177a26b2">Implicit conversions should never have surprising or unpredictable outcomes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l65f38ee0bac54f0881775bad3125d429">There should be no extra overhead in the parser or executor if a query does not need implicit type conversion. That is, if a query is well-formed and the types already match, then the query should execute without spending extra time in the parser and without introducing unnecessary implicit conversion calls in the query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__lc47a164c640f49b58a8009ed7fdfd47d">Additionally, if a query usually requires an implicit conversion for a function, and if then the user defines a new function with the correct argument types, the parser should use this new function.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__s6c7bfb5b733c473bbdc05fb34f856021"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Converting Empty Strings to Numeric Values in TD-Compatible Mode</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__uc41f3b659cfa40c59e8397fca7f459cf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__l33cf764b60a04d6db5003c59bead82a8">Different from the Oracle database, which processes an empty string as NULL, Teradata database converts an empty string to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b9422104033613">0</strong> by default. Therefore, when an empty string is queried, value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b210611693713">0</strong> is found. Similarly, in TD-compatible mode, the empty string is converted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b45431540185618">0</strong> of the corresponding numeric type by default. In addition, '-', '+', and ' ' are converted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__b964518428562">0</strong> by default in TD-compatible mode, but an error is reported for a decimal point string. Example:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__screen6832724105815"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830659__li585818535277">The method of converting an empty string into a numeric value in MySQL-compatible mode is the same as that in TD-compatible mode.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Operators</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s6316cc6a8bea4039bc9aa13bed01efc8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Operator Type Resolution</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__od90246f04aed40c0b06d71b7624fdbcb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__lb4b9532c5f6549feb9513c0553704478">Select the operators to be considered from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b84235270695922">pg_operator</strong> system catalog. Considered operators are those with the matching name and argument count. If the search path finds multiple available operators, only the most suitable one is considered.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__lf2cf42e08e384d26b5ae9fd2bcdc8268">Look for the best match.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__ol2040116425254"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li18401542122514"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__p140194220257"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li18401542122514"></a><a name="li18401542122514"></a>Discard candidate operators for which the input types do not match and cannot be converted (using an implicit conversion) to match. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706122954">unknown</strong> literals are assumed to be convertible to anything for this purpose. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li17401144222512"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__p3401642162515"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li17401144222512"></a><a name="li17401144222512"></a>Run through all candidates and keep those with the most exact matches on input types. Domains are considered the same as their base type for this purpose. Keep all candidates if there are no exact matches. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li9401842172515"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__p11401342142518"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li9401842172515"></a><a name="li9401842172515"></a>Run through all candidates and keep those that accept preferred types (of the input data type's type category) at the most positions where type conversion will be required. Keep all candidates if none accepts preferred types. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li1240120424252"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__p20401174210258"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li1240120424252"></a><a name="li1240120424252"></a>If any input arguments are of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b84235270610844">unknown</strong> types, check the type categories accepted at those argument positions by the remaining candidates. At each position, select the string category if any candidate accepts that category. (This bias towards string is appropriate since an unknown-type literal looks like a string.) Otherwise, if all the remaining candidates accept the same type category, select that category; otherwise fail because the correct choice cannot be deduced without more clues. Now discard candidates that do not accept the selected type category. Furthermore, if any candidate accepts a preferred type in that category, discard candidates that accept non-preferred types for that argument. Keep all candidates if none survives these tests. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li14011242172516"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__p16401742162510"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li14011242172516"></a><a name="li14011242172516"></a>If there are both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706123559">unknown</strong> and known-type arguments, and all the known-type arguments have the same type, assume that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706123619">unknown</strong> arguments are also of that type, and check which candidates can accept that type at the unknown-argument positions. If exactly one candidate passes this test, use it. Otherwise, an error is reported.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s0a8516bfe4cf48ce86ef9520a5900b6b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a435d88f328184691a9b263401e4a9303">Example 1: factorial operator type resolution. There is only one factorial operator (postfix !) defined in the system catalog, and it takes an argument of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706124029">bigint</strong>. The scanner assigns an initial type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706124227">bigint</strong> to the argument in this query expression:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s03f968627371421bbdc66e05b3ddadfe"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;40 factorial&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">factorial</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a14233ddd743f406fb7b37ca2a7e305cc">So the parser does a type conversion on the operand and the query is equivalent to:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s39a41f878e8b48cf91c8e70b469a7ee2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;40 factorial&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__acc69a3f910de47a09f213d0b6c6cda4f">Example 2: string concatenation operator type resolution. A string-like syntax is used for working with string types and for working with complex extension types. Strings with unspecified type are matched with likely operator candidates. An example with one unspecified argument:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s919a9e0e5717442b865d66304d371c36"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'def'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;text and unknown&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unknown</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abcdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__aa4d297d0229f4cf293e806daf6900fe9">In this example, the parser looks for an operator whose parameters are of the text type. Such an operator is found.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a7d276885342146dc9dcb4121583c4cfd">Here is a concatenation of two values of unspecified types:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s83995962dc44452192107b35284313a9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'def'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;unspecified&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unspecified</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abcdef</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__n3129fbd9797a468cbd6037c9d7ecbd21"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a1f470b293b1640059fc68c8da26f6b08">In this case there is no initial hint for which type to use, since no types are specified in the query. So, the parser looks for all candidate operators and finds that there are candidates accepting both string-category and bit-string-category inputs. Since string category is preferred when available, that category is selected, and then the preferred type for strings, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706144017">text</strong>, is used as the specific type to resolve the unknown-type literals.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__ae25728f8aa1b4348b43b9d44f1c84f16">Example 3: absolute-value and negation operator type resolution. The <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__text731098051">GaussDB(DWS)</span> operator catalog has several entries for the prefix operator @. All the entries implement absolute-value operations for various numeric data types. One of these entries is for type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706144237">float8</strong>, which is the preferred type in the numeric category. Therefore, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__text1444940381">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will use that entry when faced with an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__en-us_topic_0085032966_en-us_topic_0058966145_b842352706144323">unknown</strong> input: </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__s07fdf266d90146948eba751fa3e409ad"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'-4.5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;abs&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">abs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a6278344ff904433c9de1dfe4d17e6ea6">Here the system has implicitly resolved the unknown-type literal as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b842352706144418">float8</strong> before applying the chosen operator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__a63e3cce43f0e4f28a4c45b0b5da7004d">Example 4: array inclusion operator type resolution. The following is an example of resolving an operator with one known and one unknown input:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__sbd882a4df5e84282a037459c7a1c4e13"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{1,2,3}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;is subset&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">subset</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__nb86bc9be527e4c23877742332a485ea7"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__aeb8da23e96fd40b0b82d5afe1b10393c">In the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b13307125520319">pg_operator</strong> table of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__text430713550318">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, several entries correspond to the infix operator &lt;@, but the only two that may accept an integer array on the left-hand side are array inclusion (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b83074553315">anyarray &lt;@ anyarray</strong>) and range inclusion (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__b03087555319">anyelement &lt;@ anyrange</strong>). Because none of these polymorphic pseudo-types (see <a href="dws_06_0023.html">Pseudo-Types</a>) is considered preferred, the parser cannot resolve the ambiguity on that basis. However, <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150868__li14011242172516">2.e</a> tells it to assume that the unknown-type literal is of the same type as the other input, that is, integer array. Now only one of the two operators can match, so array inclusion is selected. (If you select range inclusion, an error will be reported because the string does not have the right format to be a range literal.)</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0078.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0078.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73907024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0078.html
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Functions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__sb41a1d2f0cb2426a874178606094ae14"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706145122">Function Type Resolution</strong></h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__o699ffc0fcf64450f84399a63173e3bef"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__l0b02ca21b36948b391c26893d92bbf70">Select the functions to be considered from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706145159">pg_proc</strong> system catalog. If a non-schema-qualified function name was used, the functions in the current search path are considered. If a qualified function name was given, only functions in the specified schema are considered.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a0263d2fdc4864b9da7ad224043371c00">If the search path finds multiple functions of different argument types, a proper function in the path is considered.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__l27ee2ba1b57d412185e1e2e58c8adc18">Check for a function accepting exactly the input argument types. If the function exists, use it. Cases involving <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270615515">unknown</strong> will never find a match at this step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__l637440a19e3b45199fc2cc284c3fcbbc">If no exact match is found, see if the function call appears to be a special type conversion request.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__l1ebc05c9ff7e40eab07b08138c0a5a1f">Look for the best match.<ol type="a" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__o2257bbc875654cd9864bd951d47eb579"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__la2a2ae9108a54b78b26e0720504db2a9">Discard candidate functions for which the input types do not match and cannot be converted (using an implicit conversion) to match. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706122954">unknown</strong> literals are assumed to be convertible to anything for this purpose. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__lf61c1bee76114b3db1c5a3d14caba177">Run through all candidates and keep those with the most exact matches on input types. Domains are considered the same as their base type for this purpose. Keep all candidates if none has exact matches. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__lf6486e4111c14e8cac9572039ad558c3">Run through all candidates and keep those that accept preferred types at the most positions where type conversion will be required. Keep all candidates if none accepts preferred types. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__l40403dfc016e4de5985dddf840aa6c92">If any input arguments are of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706151357">unknown</strong> types, check the type categories accepted at those argument positions by the remaining candidates. At each position, select the string category if any candidate accepts that category. (This bias towards string is appropriate since an unknown-type literal looks like a string.) Otherwise, if all the remaining candidates accept the same type category, select that category; otherwise fail because the correct choice cannot be deduced without more clues. Now discard candidates that do not accept the selected type category. Furthermore, if any candidate accepts a preferred type in that category, discard candidates that accept non-preferred types for that argument. Keep all candidates if none survives these tests. If only one candidate remains, use it; else continue to the next step.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__lc9ac8172f6cb49db8ef53cc28de71f14">If there are both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706123559">unknown</strong> and known-type arguments, and all the known-type arguments have the same type, assume that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706123619">unknown</strong> arguments are also of that type, and check which candidates can accept that type at the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706151947">unknown</strong>-argument positions. If exactly one candidate passes this test, use it. Otherwise, fail.</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s49426bf24a5344bf8de3303b06d80b8b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__aabe4ce9b374141d8b69e9bbf74d957ac">Example 1: Use the rounding function argument type resolution as the first example. There is only one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162518">round</strong> function that takes two arguments; it takes a first argument of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162458">numeric</strong> and a second argument of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270616258">integer</strong>. So the following query automatically converts the first argument of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162545">integer</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162549">numeric</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__sc99e5f27675a4714b429f77e564cb6b3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0000</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__acd1ff17178be433cbd0b4c36b5b0f5db">That query is converted by the parser to:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s779fe07512dc42d4b1f9777b5d89371c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__ab840ee05fd67442dbd74aef616c02522">Since numeric constants with decimal points are initially assigned the type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162641">numeric</strong>, the following query will require no type conversion and therefore might be slightly more efficient:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__sb7a1d3b6c9514e2da17340b99ea7c9b1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a03875b7caed44b169676628dfd3ab219">Example 2: Use the substring function type resolution as the second example. There are several <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270616284">substr</strong> functions, one of which takes types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162811">text</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162815">integer</strong>. If called with a string constant of unspecified type, the system chooses the candidate function that accepts an argument of the preferred category <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162858">string</strong> (namely of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270616294">text</strong>). </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__sa4c7d8b2346b4f3f8388ea72f3403f68"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a6b9a3cedba9e4cf8952955a00b3c05d3">If the string is declared to be of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706162946">varchar</strong>, as might be the case if it comes from a table, then the parser will try to convert it to become <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270616302">text</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s8d4ce16e853344c8aa483099af86ae1a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a7d496eb505e4444bbd197781c9181dd9">This is transformed by the parser to effectively become:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s6dd7ac8c85744cb080ff74829618056b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1234'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__nd946a9f80fa449e2ac47fec78bae98e4"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__ab9598c47cef64d38a9b711d427eb90d3">The parser learns from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b84235270616316">pg_cast</strong> catalog that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706163111">text</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706163115">varchar</strong> are binary-compatible, meaning that one can be passed to a function that accepts the other without doing any physical conversion. Therefore, no type conversion is inserted in this case.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a32eb558db57148a49ebfc8301a6276ed">And, if the function is called with an argument of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706163245">integer</strong>, the parser will try to convert that to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__b842352706163251">text</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s7ec54c92129648c99442affd7b5f4f7f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__a8ccc00230bab47b19d319b5b2441f751">This is transformed by the parser to effectively become:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510969__s872710256a924c2ea21e405c3a11c2e3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">substr</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0079.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0079.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..390fd158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0079.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Value Storage</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__s02087f00db9e48268d9fd809bd3fb242"><h4 class="sectiontitle"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069344">Value Storage Type Resolution</strong></h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__ofcc871d4c86c4745ae63f2076202966f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__le3afdc7aa94f4030a5ead55a448db9c0">Search for an exact match with the target column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__l2e31496b148948aa9cf9d8cac1a899bc">Try to convert the expression to the target type. This will succeed if there is a registered cast between the two types. If the expression is an unknown-type literal, the content of the literal string will be fed to the input conversion routine for the target type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__lfc673af29bc34c549be2f69ce6315389">Check to see if there is a sizing cast for the target type. A sizing cast is a cast from that type to itself. If one is found in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b842352706968">pg_cast</strong> catalog, apply it to the expression before storing into the destination column. The implementation function for such a cast always takes an extra parameter of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069640">integer</strong>. The parameter receives the destination column's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069655">atttypmod</strong> value (typically its declared length, although the interpretation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b842352706976">atttypmod</strong> varies for different data types), and may take a third <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__text1815515211281">boolean</span> parameter that says whether the cast is explicit or implicit. The cast function is responsible for applying any length-dependent semantics such as size checking or truncation.</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__sbede71f3c5c047a6854de6935e9905a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__a1e86b3ed4be445e795bf84311d6b60a2">Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691323">character</strong> storage type conversion as an example. For a target column declared as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069910">character(20)</strong> the following statement shows that the stored value is sized correctly:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__en-us_topic_0000001080432521_sbb2598b72d9942e3ad0f88614d7130e1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">customer_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">last_name</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">middle</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">distribute</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">last_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customer_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">first_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3769</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Grace'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">octet_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">octet_length</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------+--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abcdef</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__n82ea9e712a4c44bc9db4431da6aa17db"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__acb95626ef5844b42bd79e8c3a6b30d89">What has really happened here is that the two unknown literals are resolved to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691111">text</strong> by default, allowing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069947">||</strong> operator to be resolved as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691118">text</strong> concatenation. Then the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b8423527069112">text</strong> result of the operator is converted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691056">bpchar</strong> ("blank-padded char", the internal name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691128">character</strong> data type) to match the target column type. Since the conversion from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691139">text</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691144">bpchar</strong> is binary-coercible, this conversion does not insert any real function call. Finally, the sizing function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__b84235270691217">bpchar(bpchar, integer, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830954__text148455611286">boolean</span>)</strong> is found in the system catalog and used for the operator's result and the stored column length. This type-specific function performs the required length check and addition of padding spaces.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0080.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0080.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0080.html
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__en-us_topic_0059779260_p269514716590">SQL UNION constructs must match up possibly dissimilar types to become a single result set. Since all query results from a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b2085485204813">SELECT UNION</strong> statement must appear in a single set of columns, the types of the results of each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b985416528488">SELECT</strong> clause must be matched up and converted to a uniform set. Similarly, the result expressions of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b119172437497">CASE</strong> construct must be converted to a common type so that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b19179439498">CASE</strong> expression as a whole has a known output type. The same holds for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b10868164912498">ARRAY</strong> constructs, and for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1086874913498">GREATEST</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b16868949144919">LEAST</strong> functions.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__s5c81516e10974f338b4b7d772d38f497"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type Resolution for UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__u7d71a8ec8a4e4cd49be14956f188a959"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__l57f75649247c4f549873fd156157b8cc">If all inputs are of the same type, and it is not unknown, resolve as that type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__la0d1d70a218b4404b7271bcaf313075c">If all inputs are of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692017">unknown</strong>, resolve as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692024">text</strong> (the preferred type of the string category). Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692044">unknown</strong> inputs are ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__lce61619a8b6b4625b83cef42fce78007">If the non-unknown inputs are not all of the same type category, fail. (Type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270610386">unknown</strong> is not included.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__la1cbb755423441f29b266716414b9875">If the non-unknown inputs are all of the same type category, choose the first non-unknown input type which is a preferred type in that category, if there is one. (Exception: The UNION operation regards the type of the first branch as the selected type.)<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__n48be18a738e1417baf129c38c36671e2"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__acd09fdbd7dbb48fd9c16e6fe33fe54cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b842352706171247">typcategory</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b842352706171237">pg_type</strong> system catalog indicates the data type category. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270617134">typispreferred</strong> indicates whether a type is preferred in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b842352706171348">typcategory</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__la520dfab50e441e4b8cd81def938de73">All the input is converted to the selected type. (The original length of a string is retained). Fail if there is not an implicit conversion from a given input to the selected type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li17401536195716">If the input contains the json, txid_snapshot, sys_refcursor, or geometry type, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b3356338519">UNION</strong> cannot be performed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__s6c7bfb5b733c473bbdc05fb34f856021"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type Resolution for CASE, COALESCE, IF, and IFNULL in TD-Compatible Mode</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__uc41f3b659cfa40c59e8397fca7f459cf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__l33cf764b60a04d6db5003c59bead82a8">If all inputs are of the same type, and it is not unknown, resolve as that type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__l98abad52c35d4aab8c48a106aa53dcf8">If all inputs are of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b71365099919436">unknown</strong>, resolve as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b87930857019436">text</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__l923249e8d12840659a1c9ca94503359e">If inputs are of string type (including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b842352706192652">unknown</strong> which is resolved as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b842352706192729">text</strong>) and digit type, resolve as the string type. If the inputs are not of the two types, fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__l0561594b643746ea9ff7b49265fe4f21">If the non-unknown inputs are all of the same type category, choose the input type which is a preferred type in that category, if there is one.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__lb761861c355247109ca3b81846417cde">Convert all inputs to the selected type. Fail if there is not an implicit conversion from a given input to the selected type.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__section1421264504414"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Type Resolution for CASE, COALESCE, IF, and IFNULL in MySQL-Compatible Mode</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__ul219416462448"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li41947466445">If all inputs are of the same type, and it is not unknown, resolve as that type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li1919414614446">If all inputs are of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1979168311">unknown</strong>, resolve as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1898010069">text</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li998614192154">If some inputs are of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b56046393912">unknown</strong> and the others are of a non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b09617174224">unknown</strong> type, resolve as that non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b059572202219">unknown</strong> type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li4277512162016">If the inputs are of different non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b195101231112212">unknown</strong> types, treat type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b4438106143513">enum</strong> as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b14396429153517">text</strong> for comparison.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li19194204614416">If the non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1720813520223">unknown</strong> inputs are all of the same type, choose a preferred type, if there is one. If the inputs are of different types, resolve as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b118295527412">text</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li181941146154418">Convert all inputs to the selected type. Fail if there is not an implicit conversion from a given input to the selected type.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__s64d7c742a50c4e00b2291bb2117d754e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__a987902d9630d45b1b58f0d4dd02acdfe">Example 1: Use type resolution with unknown types in a union as the first example. Here, the unknown-type literal <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b8423527069274">'b'</strong> will be resolved to type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b849015142115">text</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__s1512f3e03cdb4cc4b6bf521ea25f5a29"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__ad5df48e6c8ae4455830eaf089e388206">Example 2: Use type resolution in a simple union as the second example. The literal <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692828">1.2</strong> is of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692840">numeric</strong>, and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692845">integer</strong> value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692851">1</strong> can be cast implicitly to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b84235270692857">numeric</strong>, so that type is used.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__sa5d4159da4114e189cc601710930416a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;numeric&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__a5b259cdb95a34ef58a4a66583ce09ea5">Example 3: Use type resolution in a transposed union as the third example. Here, since type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b6758340119">real</strong> cannot be implicitly cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b5710642015">integer</strong>, but <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b15924194510120">integer</strong> can be implicitly cast to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b89196476111">real</strong>, the union result type is resolved as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b150511501918">real</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__s6bd7cbf9528b49368b7f1db40a75e970"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;real&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2.2'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">REAL</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">real</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__p6335859183416">Example 4: Use type resolution in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b0426144292512">COALESCE</strong> function with input values of types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b129251415112618">int</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b59210594255">varchar</strong> as the fourth example. Type resolution fails in ORA-compatible mode. The types are resolved as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1010416118296">varchar</strong> in TD-compatible mode, and as type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b248191320294">text</strong> in MySQL-compatible mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__p118171040144114">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1780324214549">ora_db</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b58041342185416">td_db</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b38041422542">mysql_db</strong> databases by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1080424265412">dbcompatibility</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b208041742165413">ORA</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b38054427543">TD</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b2805154210544">MySQL</strong>, respectively.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen7345854215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ora_db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbcompatibility</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ORA'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">td_db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbcompatibility</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TD'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mysql_db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbcompatibility</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'MySQL'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__ul9424133414441"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li9424113415445">Switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b4372845510">ora_db</strong> database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen8950145915423"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ora_db</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__p989292119421">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1774713482553">t1</strong>. Show the execution plan of a statement for querying the types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b4778193295518">int</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b777853216557">varchar</strong> of input parameters for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1877963220551">COALESCE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen141793814417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ora_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="n">ora_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">types</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cannot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matched</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">CONTEXT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">referenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li116850487442">Switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b11931554135512">td_db</strong> database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen8972105518456"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ora_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">td_db</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__p1032215591451">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b434435811553">t2</strong>. Show the execution plan of a statement for querying the types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b73441558175510">int</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b7344125865520">varchar</strong> of input parameters for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b6345185812555">COALESCE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen196571634114615"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">td_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">td_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                          </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+----------------------------------------------+--------+------------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="n">Targetlist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Data Node Scan on &quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varying</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;coalesce&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li18398134415463">Switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b163941413105619">mysql_db</strong> database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen78311819499"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">td_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mysql_db</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__p20666812144913">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b432451720567">t3</strong>. Show the execution plan of a statement for querying the types <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b6324101720569">int</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b1532512172563">varchar</strong> of input parameters for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b43251717145611">COALESCE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen1670155193519"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">mysql_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">mysql_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                          </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">distinct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">costs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+----------------------------------------------+--------+------------+---------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">Targetlist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Data Node Scan on &quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">Output</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;coalesce&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__li15599353105112">Switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b10971143110562"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__b209725318562"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__text19221236163811">gaussdb</span></strong> database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710655__screen5125101410502"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">mysql_db</span><span class="o">=#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">\</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0075.html">Type Conversion</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0081.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0081.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..592d5a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0081.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991028"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991028"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Full Text Search</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0082.html">Introduction</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0087.html">Table and index</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0091.html">Controlling Text Search</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0096.html">Additional Features</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0101.html">Parsers</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0110.html">Configuration Examples</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0111.html">Testing and Debugging Text Search</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0115.html">Limitations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0082.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0082.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ec84e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0082.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990646"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990646"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Introduction</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0083.html">Full-Text Retrieval</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0084.html">What Is a Document?</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0085.html">Basic Text Matching</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0086.html">Configurations</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0083.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0083.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4af52f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0083.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Full-Text Retrieval</h1>
+<div id="body1536648829943"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__en-us_topic_0059778075_p171221247206">Textual search operators have been used in databases for years. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__text508424830">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706134828">~</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706134831">~*</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706134839">LIKE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706134842">ILIKE</strong> operators for textual data types, but they lack many essential properties required by modern information systems. They can be supplemented by indexes and dictionaries.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__note122379223317"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__p7237822631">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) does not support full-text search.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__p1863381020555">Text search lacks the following essential properties required by information systems:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__u30ef35a242e9483b9d58a1694c18fde2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__ld665074884df490585e2f866e0886177">There is no linguistic support, even for English.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__a797d5480556d499ba43d9251d312ab07"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__ld665074884df490585e2f866e0886177"></a><a name="ld665074884df490585e2f866e0886177"></a>Regular expressions are not sufficient because they cannot easily handle derived words. For example, you might miss documents that contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706135932">satisfies</strong>, although you probably would like to find them when searching for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b842352706135937">satisfy</strong>. It is possible to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b84235270614018">OR</strong> to search for multiple derived forms, but this is tedious and error-prone, because some words can have several thousand derivatives.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__u67b2a99fe9b34b4eab2d0c1c2b433229"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l1c8cf3ae85724be6942230002611b839">They provide no ordering (ranking) of search results, which makes them ineffective when thousands of matching documents are found.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__ub08722a8f8ec4595a5afd043b659c4ba"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l9ebdba5f182d41669e840bc6e2e7c466">They tend to be slow because there is no index support, so they must process all documents for every search.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__p16634121075520">Full text indexing allows documents to be preprocessed and an index is saved for later rapid searching. Preprocessing includes:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__uc754cfc5ca784f14a84160ffbc8e5660"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l610e4eeea3364b62b8f6547b1047cd0a">Parsing documents into tokens<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__a114e4c225e3b4166adc7dadb1c775342"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l610e4eeea3364b62b8f6547b1047cd0a"></a><a name="l610e4eeea3364b62b8f6547b1047cd0a"></a>It is useful to identify various classes of tokens, for example, numbers, words, complex words, and email addresses, so that they can be processed differently. In principle, token classes depend on the specific application, but for most purposes it is adequate to use a predefined set of classes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__lc68e5f0b5beb43b7ae6637af1d600944">Converting tokens into lexemes<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__a0b8469e6b01844ca8fe3fc603145d581"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__lc68e5f0b5beb43b7ae6637af1d600944"></a><a name="lc68e5f0b5beb43b7ae6637af1d600944"></a>A lexeme is a string, just like a token, but it has been normalized so that different forms of the same word are made alike. For example, normalization almost always includes folding upper-case letters to lower-case, and often involves removal of suffixes (such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b84235270614196">s</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__b84235270614199">es</strong> in English) This allows searches to find variant forms of the same word, without tediously entering all the possible variants. Also, this step typically eliminates stop words, which are words that are so common that they are useless for searching. (In short, tokens are raw fragments of the document text, while lexemes are words that are believed useful for indexing and searching.) <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__text2095272401">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses dictionaries to perform this step and provides various standard dictionaries.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__u1ceb893ebe6a4082ae5362b7923baee6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l6f8db66110e641dc9f8e132075e87921">Storing preprocessed documents optimized for searching<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__aaf5fc5f5cce14437abecebaa8bb2502f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__l6f8db66110e641dc9f8e132075e87921"></a><a name="l6f8db66110e641dc9f8e132075e87921"></a>For example, each document can be represented as a sorted array of normalized lexemes. Along with the lexemes, it is often desirable to store positional information for proximity ranking. Therefore, a document that contains a more "dense" region of query words is assigned with a higher rank than the one with scattered query words.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__ac7804bf2cbb444369ac0d90a59155619">Dictionaries allow fine-grained control over how tokens are normalized. With appropriate dictionaries, you can define stop words that should not be indexed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__ab77272e964d249fab03bf7b13e584cbf">A data type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__en-us_topic_0058966169_b842352706142733">tsvector</strong> is provided for storing preprocessed documents, along with a type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__en-us_topic_0058966169_b842352706142738">tsquery</strong> for storing query conditions. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0018.html">Text Search Types</a>. For details about the functions and operators available for these data types, see <a href="dws_06_0039.html">Text Search Functions and Operators</a>. The match operator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__en-us_topic_0058966169_b842352706142937">@@</strong>, which is the most important among those functions and operators, is introduced in <a href="dws_06_0085.html">Basic Text Matching</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710559__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0082.html">Introduction</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0084.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0084.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..102c22d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0084.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">What Is a Document?</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__en-us_topic_0059777736_p650710510117">A document is the unit of searching in a full text search system; for example, a magazine article or email message. The text search engine must be able to parse documents and store associations of lexemes (keywords) with their parent document. Later, these associations are used to search for documents that contain query words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__adb13274623254b67ae2d02b48919db8d">For searches within <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__text178020191">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, a document is normally a textual column within a row of a database table, or possibly a combination (concatenation) of such columns, perhaps stored in several tables or obtained dynamically. In other words, a document can be constructed from different parts for indexing and it might not be stored anywhere as a whole. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__sd7cd1c1e4a814b6cab6caf290e9e5415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_dom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">identify_serials</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date_dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d_fy_week_seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">identify_serials</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__n296788f89a6d4b2b9ce15f1504c3bb27"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__a402756696df44b04ac96028fda43bfe4">Actually, in these example queries, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b842352706143326">coalesce</strong> should be used to prevent a single <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b842352706143331">NULL</strong> attribute from causing a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b842352706143334">NULL</strong> result for the whole document.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__aba5b4f05c9fe476fb7f367a452b17ede">Another possibility is to store the documents as simple text files in the file system. In this case, the database can be used to store the full text index and to execute searches, and some unique identifier can be used to retrieve the document from the file system. However, retrieving files from outside the database requires system administrator permissions or special function support, so this is less convenient than keeping all the data inside the database. Also, keeping everything inside the database allows easy access to document metadata to assist in indexing and display. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__aa2dcba7ac9704a92a0dac4fb10e7dd8e">For text search purposes, each document must be reduced to the preprocessed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b842352706143617">tsvector</strong> format. Searching and relevance-based ranking are performed entirely on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b842352706143631">tsvector</strong> representation of a document. The original text is retrieved only when the document has been selected for display to a user. We therefore often speak of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910913__b84235270614377">tsvector</strong> as being the document, but it is only a compact representation of the full document.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0082.html">Introduction</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0085.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0085.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53346915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0085.html
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Basic Text Matching</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__a3a5f96b856ec47d5a4b76e8c04ff51eb">Full text search in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__text1018521066">GaussDB(DWS)</span> is based on the match operator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__en-us_topic_0085031665_en-us_topic_0058965815_b842352706143755">@@</strong>, which returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__en-us_topic_0085031665_b31268278229">true</strong> if a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__en-us_topic_0085031665_en-us_topic_0058965815_b842352706143759">tsvector</strong> (document) matches a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__en-us_topic_0085031665_en-us_topic_0058965815_b84235270614383">tsquery</strong> (query). It does not matter which data type is written first:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__s668dffc8df2246d2907533b4bb8be836"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a fat cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__s22b6b4f720854bad9e517563cad93a12"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; cow'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a fat cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__aa91a969a8f9a4428a407eac966fb5bb4">As the above example suggests, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706144944">tsquery</strong> is not raw text, any more than a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706144949">tsvector</strong> is. A tsquery contains search terms, which must be already-normalized lexemes, and may combine multiple terms using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b84235270614500">AND</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b84235270614502">OR</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b84235270614504">NOT</strong> operators. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0018.html">Text Search Types</a>. There are functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145045">to_tsquery</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145049">plainto_tsquery</strong> that are helpful in converting user-written text into a proper tsquery, for example by normalizing words appearing in the text. Similarly, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145110">to_tsvector</strong> is used to parse and normalize a document string. So in practice a text search match would look more like this:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__s0609509fca04482f949c2abc657fc911"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat cats ate fat rats'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__ae5ea3fe83d114ed1a8f3ce80f72a77df">Observe that this match would not succeed if written as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__s20fe230cad904146b02ab7b92fd2e506"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat cats ate fat rats'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fat &amp; rat'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">result</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__adf158e901ff541a08d032e28163dbb03">In the preceding match, no normalization of the word <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145243">rats</strong> will occur. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145254">rats</strong> does not match <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145256">rat</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__a26d89563ac454838b16d042568682b12">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145313">@@</strong> operator also supports text input, allowing explicit conversion of a text string to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145316">tsvector</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145319">tsquery</strong> to be skipped in simple cases. The variants available are:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__s98d145b7a41e440697a3df9015a4816a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__a262f466ca9224e418e2b15510caf680b">We already saw the first two of these. The form <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b84235270614542">text @@ tsquery</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b84235270614546">to_tsvector(text) @@ tsquery</strong>. The form <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145410">text @@ text</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990932__b842352706145416">to_tsvector(text) @@ plainto_tsquery(text)</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0082.html">Introduction</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0086.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0086.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c633594f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0086.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configurations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__en-us_topic_0059779006_p485651714118">Full text search functionality includes the ability to do many more things: skip indexing certain words (stop words), process synonyms, and use sophisticated parsing, for example, parse based on more than just white space. This functionality is controlled by text search configurations. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__text1766477143">GaussDB(DWS)</span> comes with predefined configurations for many languages, and you can easily create your own configurations. (The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__en-us_topic_0058965793_b842352706145730">\dF</strong> command of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b171161259142311">gsql</strong> shows all available configurations.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__a2d73d980fcca4cb88eaadee0e7ecf534">During installation an appropriate configuration is selected and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b842352706145947">default_text_search_config</strong> is set accordingly in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b842352706145951">postgresql.conf</strong>. If you are using the same text search configuration for the entire cluster you can use the value in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b8423527061504">postgresql.conf</strong>. To use different configurations throughout the cluster but the same configuration within any one database, use ALTER DATABASE ... SET. Otherwise, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b84235270615150">default_text_search_config</strong> in each session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__a780e51b3bbbe4320bffbb04182be573c">Each text search function that depends on a configuration has an optional argument, so that the configuration to use can be specified explicitly. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__b84235270615232">default_text_search_config</strong> is used only when this argument is omitted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__aa5d0645f4c34439fba6536221230d8a0">To make it easier to build custom text search configurations, a configuration is built up from simpler database objects. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__text1622196251">GaussDB(DWS)</span>'s text search facility provides the following types of configuration-related database objects:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__ufdeebd6959c54fad8028ef90408f1786"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__ledd5348c91f9454b94e29350770dc5f6">Text search parsers break documents into tokens and classify each token (for example, as words or numbers).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__l16d8c55f291148078cba4a1b7da5a4fa">Text search dictionaries convert tokens to normalized form and reject stop words.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__lfdcfaa8fff0e40dfa1cc40e03228f934">Text search templates provide the functions underlying dictionaries. (A dictionary simply specifies a template and a set of parameters for the template.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510701__l9c6f6b59a824424982c89958813d9726">Text search configurations select a parser and a set of dictionaries to use to normalize the tokens produced by the parser.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0082.html">Introduction</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0087.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0087.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..253aa20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0087.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710853"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710853"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Table and index</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0088.html">Searching a Table</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0089.html">Creating an Index</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0090.html">Constraints on Index Use</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0088.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0088.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c15ccbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0088.html
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Searching a Table</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__a29bd4e85889346448ef53957e576ce4f">It is possible to do a full text search without an index.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__u101a02b56e3e47958c7809875475a91d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__l894c5326c9ba491293cc200b8032da62">A simple query to print each row that contains the word <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706151058">science</strong> in its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706163949">body</strong> column is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__s3ab2451e712046308cb031577b09cb9a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_mod_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Philology'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Mathematics'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Computer science'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Chemistry'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Geography'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'History is a subject studied in schools, colleges, and universities that deals with events that have happened in the past.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'History'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Medical science'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Physics'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2010-1-1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'science'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                                          </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w">                                                           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deals</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quantity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrangement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">                                        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">study</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">processes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">interact</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">represented</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">form</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">programs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">devoted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">study</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lands</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">features</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inhabitants</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">phenomena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Earth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">planets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Medical</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dealing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maintenance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">health</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prevention</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">treatment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">disease</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Medical</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__ae03bb9eb8ac84bd6b4f07269b037e3f7">This will also find related words, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706151145">science</strong>, since all these are reduced to the same normalized lexeme.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__aadba8ffa2dc7462cb8d827dac51b7bf0">The query above specifies that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b84235270615122">english</strong> configuration is to be used to parse and normalize the strings. Alternatively we could omit the configuration parameters, and use the configuration set by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706151238">default_text_search_config</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__s4d917087757045bb8f4f5e297019edae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'science'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                                          </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w">                                                           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deals</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quantity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrangement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">                                        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">study</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">processes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">interact</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">represented</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">form</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">programs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">field</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">devoted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">study</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lands</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">features</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inhabitants</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">phenomena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Earth</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">planets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Medical</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dealing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maintenance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">health</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prevention</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">treatment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">disease</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Medical</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__l720c3abc599d4e35aa6b8c6f685525d7">A more complex example to select the ten most recent documents that contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706164037">treatment</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706164041">science</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706164045">title</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706164047">body</strong> column is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__s2be6d49abb1e446a8c0cc2fe17bee986"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'treatment &amp; science'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_mod_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">Medical</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__a6b1e0d83b5f84db9bc3c3ebd3aad5910">For clarity we omitted the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706151339">coalesce</strong> function calls which would be needed to find rows that contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__b842352706151343">NULL</strong> in one of the two columns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150860__abc717e154b4d47ebafe7994f4106f68d">The preceding examples show queries without using indexes. Most applications will find this approach too slow. Therefore, practical use of text searching usually requires creating an index, except perhaps for occasional ad-hoc searches. </p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0087.html">Table and index</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0089.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0089.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..897b3403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0089.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating an Index</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__en-us_topic_0059778028_p485373917112">You can create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b84235270615179">GIN</strong> index to speed up text searches:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__sbe39577906ed4f4f87f2a25732993e95"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgweb_idx_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__p7937118122215">The to_tsvector() function accepts one or two augments.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__af732d1bc67e94237ad39debe0136daea">If the one-augment version of the index is used, the system will use the configuration specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706155351">default_text_search_config</strong> by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a8207663a608b4f6b9b6b1ce78d2c949e">To create an index, the two-augment version must be used, or the index content may be inconsistent. Only the text search functions that specify a configuration name can be used in expression indexes. Index content is not affected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b18676182492">default_text_search_config</strong>, because different entries could contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706152118">tsvector</strong>s that were created with different text search configurations, and there would be no way to guess which was which. It would be impossible to dump and restore such an index correctly.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a80e689c7262f498d85f3e37c12141145">Because the two-argument version of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706152155">to_tsvector</strong> was used in the index above, only a query reference that uses the two-argument version of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b84235270615223">to_tsvector</strong> with the same configuration name will use that index. That is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b114562117194">WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a &amp; b'</strong> can use the index, but <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b9151921171917">WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a &amp; b'</strong> cannot. This ensures that an index will be used only with the same configuration used to create the index entries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a384b5edd298e487795e623c5ea34f1cf">More complex expression indexes can be set up when the configuration name of the index is specified by another column. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__sea5cf34e148348d98d52cc69c48aa258"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgweb_idx_2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'zhparser'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__note7638105171719"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__p15638155191716">In this example, zhparser supports only the UTF-8 or GBK database encoding format. If the SQL_ASCII encoding is used, an error will be reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__ad260542d03cf4fbbb18a8c19f1ea4599"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154158">body</strong> is a column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b87903412215">pgweb</strong> table. This allows mixed configurations in the same index while recording which configuration was used for each index entry. This would be useful, for example, if the document collection contained documents in different languages. Again, queries that are meant to use the index must be phrased to match, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154259">WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a &amp; b'</strong> must match <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154411">to_tsvector</strong> in the index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a2235e8b0d6a14c00b03f18359cc7e436">Indexes can even concatenate columns:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__s1768adcd847743a9ac23e4a75820bb38"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgweb_idx_3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a0efe3255075f43f99e4fee05908b9954">Another approach is to create a separate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b84235270615451">tsvector</strong> column to hold the output of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154459">to_tsvector</strong>. This example is a concatenation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154528">title</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154530">body</strong>, using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154516">coalesce</strong> to ensure that one column will still be indexed when the other is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706154519">NULL</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__s6c346ea516894f71ad4fd4b2874d1fc1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">textsearchable_index_col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">textsearchable_index_col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a6e0f2a5d38db4888aed48d065f24b88d">Then, create a GIN index to speed up the search:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__s9c0d87e507c447c7ac0c94723b05f1aa"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">textsearch_idx_4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textsearchable_index_col</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a2cce59a7258e4a899d373c65dd263db9">Now you are ready to perform a fast full text search:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__s018c311459274d6da4b8a43da3b06d72"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">textsearchable_index_col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'science &amp; Computer'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last_mod_date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__a5a7e4d5ff5a74dbab1ea13f552986e8a">One advantage of the separate-column approach over an expression index is that it is unnecessary to explicitly specify the text search configuration in queries in order to use the index. As shown in the preceding example, the query can depend on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706155046">default_text_search_config</strong>. Another advantage is that searches will be faster, since it will not be necessary to redo the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b84235270615512">to_tsvector</strong> calls to verify index matches. The expression-index approach is simpler to set up, however, and it requires less disk space since the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671054__b842352706155126">tsvector</strong> representation is not stored explicitly.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0087.html">Table and index</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0090.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0090.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54f849d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0090.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Constraints on Index Use</h1>
+<div id="body1552357344277"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__p1244924082813">The following is an example of using an index. Run the following statements in a database that uses the UTF-8 or GBK encoding:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__screen37811143112516"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c_bigint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c_varchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c_text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">orientation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">search</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf_1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">POUND</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">search</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf_2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">POUND</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">split_flag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'%'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ts_conf_1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_text</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ts_conf_2'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_text</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_varchar</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_varchar</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'¥#@……&amp;**'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Company'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_varchar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__p627815476487">In this example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b1714595113614">table1</strong> has two GIN indexes created on the same column <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b109131631872">c_text</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b1024813475">idx1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b71611315872">idx2</strong>, but these two indexes are created under different settings of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b11777054816">default_text_search_config</strong>. Differences between this example and the scenario where one table has common indexes created on the same column are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__ul151982378525"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li81986376526">GIN indexes use different parsers (that is, different delimiters). In this case, the index data of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b314514281292">idx1</strong> is different from that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b1592893413911">idx2</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li131981437185215">In the specified scenario, the index data of multiple common indexes created on the same column is the same.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__p52073392410">As a result, using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b117631112121217">idx1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__b1351471441220">idx2</strong> for the same query returns different results.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__section183071424185917"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__p19457182618596">In the preceding example, when:</p>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__ul1764510431934"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li064513431736">Multiple GIN indexes are created on the same column of the same table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li20645174318319">The GIN indexes use different parsers (that is, different delimiters).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li864516431538">The column is used in a query, and an index scan is used in the execution plan.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__p127978481015"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910691__li864516431538"></a><a name="li864516431538"></a>To avoid different query results caused by different GIN indexes, ensure that only one GIN index is available on a column of the physical table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0087.html">Table and index</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0091.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0091.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ed698ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0091.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150702"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150702"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Controlling Text Search</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0092.html">Parsing Documents</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0093.html">Parsing Queries</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0094.html">Ranking Search Results</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0095.html">Highlighting Results</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0092.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0092.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6bd989c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0092.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Parsing Documents</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0059777460_p178011048913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__text814909004">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b842352706113116">to_tsvector</strong> for converting a document to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b842352706113120">tsvector</strong> data type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__sa05326a2a4134a78a09ed28b350d4348"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regconfig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a81066ad06feb468a9cb4b6b02d2d44f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113258">to_tsvector</strong> parses a textual document into tokens, reduces the tokens to lexemes, and returns a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b84235270611339">tsvector</strong>, which lists the lexemes together with their positions in the document. The document is processed according to the specified or default text search configuration. Here is a simple example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__s435603da859d4598b14cde83534c5b70"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a fat  cat sat on a mat - it ate a fat rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ate'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'mat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__aa0c3087d0e944b499b045b439b079fcb">In the preceding example we see that the resulting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113411">tsvector</strong> does not contain the words <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113421">a</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113423">on</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113425">it</strong>, the word <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113427">rats</strong> became <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113434">rat</strong>, and the punctuation sign (-) was ignored.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a1581d7873189487b82b18a211a8f1409">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b84235270611354">to_tsvector</strong> function internally calls a parser which breaks the document text into tokens and assigns a type to each token. For each token, a list of dictionaries is consulted. where the list can vary depending on the token type. The first dictionary that recognizes the token emits one or more normalized lexemes to represent the token. For example:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__u533ec720e85945dc8ecd461655200d9d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__lf03cdc6c0dd14ad5bb76e85cb2799b77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113818">rats</strong> became <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113820">rat</strong> because one of the dictionaries recognized that the word <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113822">rats</strong> is a plural form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113824">rat</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__l838773caaa5f49f180ab70b0900ec515">Some words are recognized as stop words (see <a href="dws_06_0104.html">Stop Words</a>), which causes them to be ignored since they occur too frequently to be useful in searching. In our example these are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113922">a</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113924">on</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706113926">it</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__lb0250fb85d4446088d9bdacaa98e866a">If no dictionary in the list recognizes the token then it is also ignored. In this example that happened to the punctuation sign (-) because there are in fact no dictionaries assigned for its token type (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b84235270611408">Space symbols</strong>), meaning space tokens will never be indexed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a3cad884675854abbb4732f9874c84754">The choices of parser, dictionaries and which types of tokens to index are determined by the selected text search configuration. It is possible to have many different configurations in the same database, and predefined configurations are available for various languages. In our example we used the default configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114218">english</strong> for the English language.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a430440cadc084e12baf50f0949258419">The function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114242">setweight</strong> can be used to label the entries of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114246">tsvector</strong> with a given weight, where a weight is one of the letters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114253">A</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114255">B</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114257">C</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114258">D</strong>. This is typically used to mark entries coming from different parts of a document, such as title versus body. Later, this information can be used for ranking of search results.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a955d4d70cb544ba188bc48a9db0924db">Because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114329">to_tsvector(NULL)</strong> will return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114332">NULL</strong>, you are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114337">coalesce</strong> whenever a column might be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b11831241397">NULL</strong>. Here is the recommended method for creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__b842352706114350">tsvector</strong> from a structured document: </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__s20ca89f86327427c85cc8b5d3f9f5a75"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ti</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">abstract</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'book'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'literature'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Ancient poetry'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Tang poem Song jambic verse'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ti</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">keyword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">abstract</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">setweight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">coalesce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__a9c567cdcc78040e98883cc2b4f87962f">Here we have used <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b84235270611449">setweight</strong> to label the source of each lexeme in the finished <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b842352706114414">tsvector</strong>, and then merged the labeled <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b842352706114418">tsvector</strong> values using the tsvector concatenation operator <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710911__en-us_topic_0058965789_b842352706114421">||</strong>. For details about these operations, see <a href="dws_06_0097.html">Manipulating tsvector</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0091.html">Controlling Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0093.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0093.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24306c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0093.html
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Parsing Queries</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0059779203_p166391454117"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__text402633298">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b842352706114733">to_tsquery</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b842352706114736">plainto_tsquery</strong> for converting a query to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b842352706114747">tsquery</strong> data type. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b84235270611484">to_tsquery</strong> offers access to more features than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b84235270611488">plainto_tsquery</strong>, but is less forgiving about its input.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__scbe9397d2cf147b4b6d429c0388d9cdb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a472ad0c69f1949a69ac2000f0fb6e21d">to_tsquery([ config regconfig, ] querytext text) returns tsquery</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__aba1a3954bda6410898fa9d39489a1bd3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706114842">to_tsquery</strong> creates a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706114846">tsquery</strong> value from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706114849">querytext</strong>, which must consist of single tokens separated by the Boolean operators <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706114858">&amp;</strong> (AND), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b84235270611490">|</strong> (OR), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b84235270611493">!</strong> (NOT). These operators can be grouped using parentheses. In other words, the input to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b842352706115025">to_tsquery</strong> must already follow the general rules for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__en-us_topic_0058965654_b842352706115030">tsquery</strong> input, as described in <a href="dws_06_0018.html">Text Search Types</a>. The difference is that while basic <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115144">tsquery</strong> input takes the tokens at face value, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115147">to_tsquery</strong> normalizes each token to a lexeme using the specified or default configuration, and discards any tokens that are stop words according to the configuration. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s006208443ece4bd2b2b256fa71f6d124"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The &amp; Fat &amp; Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a015dc2e053e24714b043a04db78886b4">As in basic <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115223">tsquery</strong> input, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115229">weight(s)</strong> can be attached to each lexeme to restrict it to match only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115234">tsvector</strong> lexemes of those <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115232">weight(s)</strong>. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s946d37facc114c0fb767ce07bdb7c15a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Fat | Rats:AB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">AB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a412d28b154994ea78cf874d5fc811fb0">Also, the asterisk (*) can be attached to a lexeme to specify prefix matching:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s4ace06608d9c492989fd903575408649"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supern:*A &amp; star:A*B'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w">        </span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'supern'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'star'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">AB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a057cc73018994b6fa35e2ed9798e5e2e">Such a lexeme will match any word having the specified string and weight in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b604939408202050">tsquery</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s92ae10ff8d7546149b0d8723f6b26c31"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__adec522a25fe04bc1aae1b1656db763df">plainto_tsquery([ config regconfig, ] querytext text) returns tsquery</strong></pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a4acac1205ba74d5d960d834a1d07e915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115513">plainto_tsquery</strong> transforms unformatted text <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115516">querytext</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115518">tsquery</strong>. The text is parsed and normalized much as for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115542">to_tsvector</strong>, then the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b842352706115538">&amp;</strong> (AND) Boolean operator is inserted between surviving words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__add5e99c5f5534994a3fa8199cbdd820b">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s370a833d4293479fb9b44925b49cce14"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat Rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a37e1e987cdf14471b33773f455163784">Note that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__b84235270611563">plainto_tsquery</strong> cannot recognize Boolean operators, weight labels, or prefix-match labels in its input:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__s0623f94ca3ed43609b9396b0966b2eda"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'The Fat &amp; Rats:C'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'rat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670904__a792f79814d82455684a5b0d5e47b6c24">Here, all the input punctuation was discarded as being space symbols.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0091.html">Controlling Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0094.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0094.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50ae0738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0094.html
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Ranking Search Results</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__en-us_topic_0059777759_p79693118219">Ranking attempts to measure how relevant documents are to a particular query, so that when there are many matches the most relevant ones can be shown first. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__text230338983">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides two predefined ranking functions. which take into account lexical, proximity, and structural information; that is, they consider how often the query terms appear in the document, how close together the terms are in the document, and how important is the part of the document where they occur. However, the concept of relevancy is vague and application-specific. Different applications might require additional information for ranking, for example, document modification time. The built-in ranking functions are only examples. You can write your own ranking functions and/or combine their results with additional factors to fit your specific needs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__aff4887867c934ef296c788a9b38fa4dc">The two ranking functions currently available are:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__s17e3e3c2993f4e4a861d82c43526820f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_rank</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float4</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normalization</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a8643d2c58f9b4add8e2d74376a53ffe5">Ranks vectors based on the frequency of their matching lexemes.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__s754b49569ef84135872e704d6be47080"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float4</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normalization</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__aa54a18cf703e41ffbf0178045a2ad508">This function requires positional information in its input. Therefore, it will not work on "stripped" <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270612650">tsvector</strong> values. It will always return zero. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__ae3cf983c396d4f51b2151202e10da455">For both these functions, the optional <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b8423527061273">weights</strong> argument offers the ability to weigh word instances more or less heavily depending on how they are labeled. The weight arrays specify how heavily to weigh each category of word, in the order:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__s390228f1201b4555b57b4cef799f82c9">{D-weight, C-weight, B-weight, A-weight}</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__afc56f59af66948aa95e6808c464b4106">If no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270612734">weights</strong> are provided, then these defaults are used: {0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0}</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a8392e99e97e74f82b6dc2ffba72a9bf2">Typically weights are used to mark words from special areas of the document, like the title or an initial abstract, so they can be treated with more or less importance than words in the document body.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a91a8710bf7c04e639055f9ae385c17e9">Since a longer document has a greater chance of containing a query term it is reasonable to take into account document size. For example, a hundred-word document with five instances of a search word is probably more relevant than a thousand-word document with five instances. Both ranking functions take an integer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270612916">normalization</strong> option that specifies whether and how a document's length should impact its rank. The integer option controls several behaviors, so it is a bit mask: you can specify one or more behaviors using a vertical bar (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270612945">|</strong>) (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270612941">2|4</strong>).</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__u030390dedb2345ae8a99cbf1386c5130"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__l11ccb9fd13604a9cb95fe9d40aba5201">0 (the default) ignores the document length</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__le70680ffe6054ac59bfa1798b94f7e05">1 divides the rank by (1 + Logarithm of the document length)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__ldb26969c19964d9d890c2c57f5d8a229">2 divides the rank by the document length </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__laaedcd2448d44bcb9c30464560fb667e">4 divides the rank by the mean harmonic distance between extents (this is implemented only by ts_rank_cd)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__lf5fc1613f6454f6a8e188e26aab44ce3">8 divides the rank by the number of unique words in document</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__l0c326266f0ed4dbc8bc15206fe78814c">16 divides the rank by (1 + Logarithm of the number of unique words in document)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__l2130887e16d145e8aff6aa4a45c6b4c2">32 divides the rank by (itself + 1)</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a45fc284b343e4bf7bfc9ddaeb94c08c3">If more than one flag bit is specified, the transformations are applied in the order listed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a6a25572ae270403fa5ba01ec5a98d058">It is important to note that the ranking functions do not use any global information, so it is impossible to produce a fair normalization to 1% or 100% as sometimes desired. Normalization option 32 (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270615735">rank/(rank+1)</strong>) can be applied to scale all ranks into the range zero to one, but of course this is just a cosmetic change; it will not affect the ordering of the search results.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__aab2de272d75d479f98bd5adf4b29a9bc">The following example selects the top 10 matches. Run the following statements in a database that uses the UTF-8 or GBK encoding:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__s9cddbe3b65254feca6f754373b812624"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'science'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+---------+------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Philology</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__a083bf085035541528c7060ef04e7f11b">This is the same example using normalized ranking:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__scc1b1acc40c34d1dbb1784fe2165f97f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* rank/(rank+1) */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pgweb</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'science'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">----+---------+----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Philology</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">166667</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Mathematics</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0909091</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Geography</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0909091</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Computer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">science</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0909091</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__p678195672818">The following example sorts query by Chinese word segmentation:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__screen16520123820306"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sort'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sort query'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'query sort'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Accurate match</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'zhparser'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sort'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+------+------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Fuzzy match</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'zhparser'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_zhparser</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sort'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'zhparser'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">body</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----+----------+------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__ace6879f01fc541529a1ed77faa20348e">Ranking can be expensive since it requires consulting the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910607__b84235270615813">tsvector</strong> of each matching document, which can be I/O bound and therefore slow. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to avoid since practical queries often result in large numbers of matches.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0091.html">Controlling Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0095.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0095.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1052f228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0095.html
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Highlighting Results</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__en-us_topic_0059778945_p152227101524">To present search results it is ideal to show a part of each document and how it is related to the query. Usually, search engines show fragments of the document with marked search terms. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__text1482301294">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b1499164010432">ts_headline</strong> that implements this functionality.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__s81f397fd76044c91802fc474c7f1e724"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regconfig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__a55087febd1444dec9c9587d03b0fcb44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b84235270615107">ts_headline</strong> accepts a document along with a query, and returns an excerpt from the document in which terms from the query are highlighted. The configuration to be used to parse the document can be specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151021">config</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151033">config</strong> is omitted, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151037">default_text_search_config</strong> configuration is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__a11f53198d7fb4a1e83929faa7cc935e4">If an options string is specified it must consist of a comma-separated list of one or more <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151057">option=value</strong> pairs. The available options are:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__u4c4185014119447da426654aaae47d39"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__lc1dd14dbe09a4ba68ffc532e5856e14e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151120">StartSel</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151122">StopSel</strong>: The strings with which to delimit query words appearing in the document, to distinguish them from other excerpted words. You must double-quote these strings if they contain spaces or commas.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__lb62a860a9fb448c7911601f6cfd7de3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b406685480151156">MaxWords</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b1109039259151156">MinWords</strong>: These numbers determine the longest and shortest headlines to output.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__u272f396138f64e7d91bb2a451e67d5fb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__l002e99725cf24cbc950d78a6ed7d97d8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151226">ShortWord</strong>: Words of this length or less will be dropped at the start and end of a headline. The default value of three eliminates common English articles.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__u232c5cf5f6a74706b0fa92baf062c6fd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__lfa3a74659c3f4c0e80e535c4943914d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151310">HighlightAll</strong>: Boolean flag. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706151346">true</strong> the whole document will be used as the headline, ignoring the preceding three parameters.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__u7a763dff66bd4176b7fd81380b930e4e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__ldb51a6de6eb94d479adc9c1eda681268"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__en-us_topic_0058965961_b842352706151420">MaxFragments</strong>: Maximum number of text excerpts or fragments to display. The default value of zero selects a non-fragment-oriented headline generation method. A value greater than zero selects fragment-based headline generation. This method finds text fragments with as many query words as possible and stretches those fragments around the query words. As a result query words are close to the middle of each fragment and have words on each side. Each fragment will be of at most <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706152626">MaxWords</strong> and words of length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706152629">ShortWord</strong> or less are dropped at the start and end of each fragment. If not all query words are found in the document, then a single fragment of the first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706152644">MinWords</strong> in the document will be displayed.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__u4bf83115959f4a9fa8b3e028d4f72da6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__l5b7c6250b29e460485a3f32acb6eb0d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706152656">FragmentDelimiter</strong>: When more than one fragment is displayed, the fragments will be separated by this string.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__a3e4f084e7a3b4808b11505d416caa382">Any unspecified options receive these defaults:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__s3ff294c593424a96a459e0a6c553e581"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">StartSel</span><span class="o">=&lt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StopSel</span><span class="o">=&lt;/</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">MaxWords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MinWords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ShortWord</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HighlightAll</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">MaxFragments</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FragmentDelimiter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot; ... &quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__af6a35175f89d4436b2d1f8bafd2894a6">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__s17f4462ca4f249a989b1d9cf7cf8763c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="s1">'The most common type of search</span>
+<span class="s1">is to find all documents containing given query terms</span>
+<span class="s1">and return them in order of their similarity to the</span>
+<span class="s1">query.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'query &amp; similarity'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="w">                         </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">containing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">given</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">terms</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">them</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">their</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">similarity</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="s1">'The most common type of search</span>
+<span class="s1">is to find all documents containing given query terms</span>
+<span class="s1">and return them in order of their similarity to the</span>
+<span class="s1">query.'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'query &amp; similarity'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="s1">'StartSel = &lt;, StopSel = &gt;'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">ts_headline</span><span class="w">                      </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">containing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">given</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">terms</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">them</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">their</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">similarity</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__adff221c6d1504e2196ddfe321a04803b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b84235270615312">ts_headline</strong> uses the original document, not a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990700__b842352706153117">tsvector</strong> summary, so it can be slow and should be used with care.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0091.html">Controlling Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0096.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0096.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3dbf8119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0096.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990916"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990916"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Additional Features</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0097.html">Manipulating tsvector</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0098.html">Manipulating Queries</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0099.html">Rewriting Queries</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0100.html">Gathering Document Statistics</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0097.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0097.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5894132e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0097.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Manipulating tsvector</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__en-us_topic_0059779038_p928422017215"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__text1551525989">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate documents that are already in tsvector type.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__u8f3116334d3a466c87e6a7d1d6ad9cd7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__l4fb9a2486ccc4758aa4ef670feeaada1">tsvector || tsvector<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__a7ba3308b32e34bb2866964b7b2c04a73"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__l4fb9a2486ccc4758aa4ef670feeaada1"></a><a name="l4fb9a2486ccc4758aa4ef670feeaada1"></a>The tsvector concatenation operator returns a new tsvector which combines the lexemes and positional information of the two tsvectors given as arguments. Positions and weight labels are retained during the concatenation. Positions appearing in the right-hand tsvector are offset by the largest position mentioned in the left-hand tsvector, so that the result is nearly equivalent to the result of performing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616628">to_tsvector</strong> on the concatenation of the two original document strings. (The equivalence is not exact, because any stop-words removed from the end of the left-hand argument will not affect the result, whereas they would have affected the positions of the lexemes in the right-hand argument if textual concatenation were used.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__a85682878bd5344fbb25231b94d1943c9">One advantage of using concatenation in the tsvector form, rather than concatenating text before applying <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616723">to_tsvector</strong>, is that you can use different configurations to parse different sections of the document. Also, because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__en-us_topic_0085033154_b84235270616753">setweight</strong> function marks all lexemes of the given tsvector the same way, it is necessary to parse the text and do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__en-us_topic_0085033154_b8423527061681">setweight</strong> before concatenating if you want to label different parts of the document with different weights.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__l0daa2a6211744f6e93a6d1795e89d954">setweight(vector tsvector, weight "char") returns tsvector<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__ab256b531386c43789c84c2d1bac2c032"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__l0daa2a6211744f6e93a6d1795e89d954"></a><a name="l0daa2a6211744f6e93a6d1795e89d954"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__en-us_topic_0085033154_b84235270616820">setweight</strong> returns a copy of the input tsvector in which every position has been labeled with the given weight, either <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616837">A</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616840">B</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616841">C</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616844">D</strong>. (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616848">D</strong> is the default for new tsvectors and as such is not displayed on output.) These labels are retained when tsvectors are concatenated, allowing words from different parts of a document to be weighted differently by ranking functions.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__n2ec70095fc7346c7b25c5fa4a41bce17"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__a833e1cc7939348ad9408f8e8e1d340af">Note that weight labels apply to positions, not lexemes. If the input tsvector has been stripped of positions then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__b84235270616930">setweight</strong> does nothing.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__led887f097d244ea8a2ff822ff105060c">length(vector tsvector) returns integer<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__abe3a6153cf984caabe98980bc832f3c7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__led887f097d244ea8a2ff822ff105060c"></a><a name="led887f097d244ea8a2ff822ff105060c"></a>Returns the number of lexemes stored in the vector.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__le553a5896e564ade899b13f31ce9bfbc">strip(vector tsvector) returns tsvector<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__ac4dc095df9d342dd9a2a345cb50d8e31"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830804__le553a5896e564ade899b13f31ce9bfbc"></a><a name="le553a5896e564ade899b13f31ce9bfbc"></a>Returns a tsvector which lists the same lexemes as the given tsvector, but which lacks any position or weight information. While the returned tsvector is much less useful than an unstripped tsvector for relevance ranking, it will usually be much smaller.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0096.html">Additional Features</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0098.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0098.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2b9c70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0098.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Manipulating Queries</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__en-us_topic_0059778915_p69403371739"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__text1319044884">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides functions and operators that can be used to manipulate queries that are already in tsquery type.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__u4c919f43d42f4beea2f3292184942ca6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__leafaf5daeb814940aacff1885a68eefb">tsquery &amp;&amp; tsquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__a784ed11254ef4ee0aaff14ca760f025f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__leafaf5daeb814940aacff1885a68eefb"></a><a name="leafaf5daeb814940aacff1885a68eefb"></a>Returns the AND-combination of the two given tsqueries.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__u0e25397606464519ab49f2de6c14a371"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__ld4c06a45aaa44316ae75ab1b376cfec0">tsquery || tsquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__a20f0c2f8dc6f45a4b39d41a672c7a47a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__ld4c06a45aaa44316ae75ab1b376cfec0"></a><a name="ld4c06a45aaa44316ae75ab1b376cfec0"></a>Returns the OR-combination of the two given tsqueries.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__u1e640263f88b43e1b5171886418de8d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__l50982ec8fef945178bcc9dd754d311ee">!! tsquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__a534b1b18c36f4db1a6c7076002e25629"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__l50982ec8fef945178bcc9dd754d311ee"></a><a name="l50982ec8fef945178bcc9dd754d311ee"></a>Returns the negation (NOT) of the given tsquery.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__u00ebafb5ade14624bf90ab24cceabb7a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__l19a82742d6c14f2794a4f18815aab33a">numnode(query tsquery) returns integer<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__aa52ee5e95258445cad0a2f3ccb1cd40c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__l19a82742d6c14f2794a4f18815aab33a"></a><a name="l19a82742d6c14f2794a4f18815aab33a"></a>Returns the number of nodes (lexemes plus operators) in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__b842352706161334">tsquery</strong>. This function is useful to determine if the query is meaningful (returns &gt; 0), or contains only stop words (returns 0). For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__sbd4cbdd2901d4322812a5c7406f66dcf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numnode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'the any'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="k">search</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">only</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">words</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">doesn</span><span class="s1">'t contain lexemes, ignored</span>
+<span class="s1">CONTEXT:  referenced column: numnode</span>
+<span class="s1"> numnode </span>
+<span class="s1">---------</span>
+<span class="s1">       0</span>
+
+<span class="s1">SELECT numnode('</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numnode</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__uc6c54b0a2b404fc8b85636f8ba1febe7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__lff41ad967fd24bbaa1b54dc13ac2411a">querytree(query tsquery) returns text<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__a18484ea3c94d46b9b1b6611ee1a50d4c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__lff41ad967fd24bbaa1b54dc13ac2411a"></a><a name="lff41ad967fd24bbaa1b54dc13ac2411a"></a>Returns the portion of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__b842352706161356">tsquery</strong> that can be used for searching an index. This function is useful for detecting unindexable queries, for example those containing only stop words or only negated terms. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830657__s4d17c3fb54164daa823cb25529caec27"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">querytree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'!defined'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">querytree</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0096.html">Additional Features</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0099.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0099.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e6d8f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0099.html
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Rewriting Queries</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__a2d58f291a5104e328a9eb440a07b6478">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706104855">ts_rewrite</strong> family of functions searches a given <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706104852">tsquery</strong> for occurrences of a target subquery, and replace each occurrence with a substitute subquery. In essence this operation is a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706104918">tsquery</strong> specific version of substring replacement. A target and substitute combination can be thought of as a query rewrite rule. A collection of such rewrite rules can be a powerful search aid. For example, you can expand the search using synonyms (that is, new york, big apple, nyc, gotham) or narrow the search to direct the user to some hot topic. </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__u6314631d14d346df8e0c9f515ad8c935"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__l9d14310a86dd405195611e7f6096e729">ts_rewrite (query tsquery, target tsquery, substitute tsquery) returns tsquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__a424b268007ed4b00ae99d28d89a7c1e0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__l9d14310a86dd405195611e7f6096e729"></a><a name="l9d14310a86dd405195611e7f6096e729"></a>This form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b84235270610511">ts_rewrite</strong> simply applies a single rewrite rule: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b84235270610514">target</strong> is replaced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105118">substitute</strong> wherever it appears in query. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__scd04fb55f9a64ff2803cd88ac7e0c960"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a &amp; b'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__leadf3229407249feadacd55dfd511b27">ts_rewrite (query tsquery, select text) returns tsquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__a64833ee36e024ef5a51f20bde80aee81"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__leadf3229407249feadacd55dfd511b27"></a><a name="leadf3229407249feadacd55dfd511b27"></a>This form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105240">ts_rewrite</strong> accepts a starting query and a SQL select command, which is given as a text string. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105237">select</strong> must yield two columns of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105235">tsquery</strong> type. For each row of the select result, occurrences of the first column value (the target) are replaced by the second column value (the substitute) within the current <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105318">query</strong> value.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__nc5d4c26e903a4488ae2b9256cfdc0a20"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__ac76a45eb4e5f4f2a8e78a27924172712">Note that when multiple rewrite rules are applied in this way, the order of application can be important; so in practice you will want the source query to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b84235270610540">ORDER BY</strong> some ordering key.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__afe09e371507147d29c2a8711c0529cee">Consider a real-life astronomical example. We will expand query supernovae using table-driven rewriting rules:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__sc2d2fce2c7a043a991fce06b540fef4a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aliases</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aliases</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae|sn'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae &amp; crab'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT t, s FROM tsearch.aliases'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w">            </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'crab'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'supernova'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__a43fedf3aa1b24881a6612670e0382172">We can change the rewriting rules just by updating the table:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__sd5d0ee936b4043e0b1d5fc67aef847c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tsearch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aliases</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae|sn &amp; !nebulae'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'supernovae &amp; crab'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT t, s FROM tsearch.aliases'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w">                  </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'crab'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'supernova'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="s1">'nebula'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__af3a3f2b98bd24c08bf3b6e1e8b8cad6e">Rewriting can be slow when there are many rewriting rules, since it checks every rule for a possible match. To filter out obvious non-candidate rules we can use the containment operators for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__b842352706105731">tsquery</strong> type. In the example below, we select only those rules which might match the original query:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671174__sbf31773d9ee44f9daac468e7190f8d3d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a &amp; b'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsquery</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'SELECT t,s FROM tsearch.aliases WHERE ''a &amp; b''::tsquery @&gt; t'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rewrite</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0096.html">Additional Features</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0100.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0100.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb1d6b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0100.html
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Gathering Document Statistics</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__en-us_topic_0059778114_p334934915318">The function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161458">ts_stat</strong> is useful for checking your configuration and for finding stop-word candidates.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__s3da22e70d6094cb591c4eb60e244e7ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sqlquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndoc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nentry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">setof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__af447f3991f384448a73e6c052c3a13e2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b84235270616159">sqlquery</strong> is a text value containing an SQL query which must return a single <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161511">tsvector</strong> column. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161525">ts_stat</strong> executes the query and returns statistics about each distinct lexeme (word) contained in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161529">tsvector</strong> data. The columns returned are</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__ub360cbaa2f244a7a9f8864dc96adb954"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__l8aee49fba2cb4b7fa4a428d8b8a43a2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161545">word text</strong>: the value of a lexeme</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__lc52b72d4852549569f1ea5f788c03b3e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b84235270616161">ndoc integer</strong>: number of documents (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161612">tsvector</strong>s) the word occurred in</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__laf1cf77bcc1a4cb2b4ae25437d0368be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706155026">nentry integer</strong>: total number of occurrences of the word </li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__a4b6b893f225d4e6c971068c07549ff41">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b842352706161644">weights</strong> are supplied, only occurrences having one of those weights are counted. For example, to find the ten most frequent words in a document collection:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__sd50d235d8ad940438140f0ae9ae27954"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT to_tsvector(''english'', sr_reason_sk) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk &lt; 10'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nentry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndoc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndoc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nentry</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------+------+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__a7c7ae71e7bc54a1a89399be87bdde3a2">The same, but counting only word occurrences with weight <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b84235270616173">A</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__b84235270616175">B</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710731__s6c4df7573c2e46a19a02a346a3c0207c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT to_tsvector(''english'', sr_reason_sk) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk &lt; 10'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nentry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndoc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ndoc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nentry</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------+------+--------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0096.html">Additional Features</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0101.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0101.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3353f926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0101.html
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1"><strong id="b842352706102247">Parsers</strong></h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__en-us_topic_0059778480_p196571551946">Text search parsers are responsible for splitting raw document text into tokens and identifying each token's type, where the set of types is defined by the parser itself. Note that a parser does not modify the text at all — it simply identifies plausible word boundaries. Because of this limited scope, there is less need for application-specific custom parsers than there is for custom dictionaries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8318ee8074694179a27cecbc1b31c5b8">Currently, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__text1225663870">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the following built-in parsers: pg_catalog.default for English configuration, and pg_catalog.ngram, pg_catalog.zhparser, and pg_catalog.pound for full text search in texts containing Chinese, or both Chinese and English.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a877c6e31601c4610a0298d653eec5b44">The built-in parser is named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__b842352706101936">pg_catalog.default</strong>. It recognizes 23 token types, shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__tfcaeb83ea7fb42de882258f647b03890">Table 1</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__tfcaeb83ea7fb42de882258f647b03890"></a><a name="tfcaeb83ea7fb42de882258f647b03890"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__tfcaeb83ea7fb42de882258f647b03890" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Default parser's token types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r8f351bfa363645c09f7ee2d49d135a59"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9b3ba65eee004ea6a506b1eec78ee02f">Alias</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a03b03deeea7a4cd7becfbb4ebd1d8df7">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ac786391cad864779bee2ec4fbcab73a5">Examples</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r37db00922e8044e88159f8b4274df191"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2dc8420bd19647188577ded2b8636c7a">asciiword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9484580033844afe9646580a24843d79">Word, all ASCII letters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a586850a8988b4f678ab710c4ecd72dea">elephant</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rd9abcbec3d8446adbc64474538b60bac"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9bcacae5a94643f88d8781f78b3ff373">word</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2b6de966bff04dd9956d3738fc76883a">Word, all letters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a49f00f90d4754d638d57fe8409e68a7f">ma&ntilde;ana</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rbda17c6200174b66acfb3cf7146ba3ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8bd02f0681004a83a6958c6ff30d1db0">numword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aaf0566377c1d40bf9aa3b0bb4823a070">Word, letters and digits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a7e1b7862fc764c87942c643a842f2610">beta1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r27fe468869644a44bff68b98c7980091"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8985a7e6f3a84f838d3835e39bf7c6dc">asciihword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad9964428965b4ae99c00c20aba71add9">Hyphenated word, all ASCII</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8c3a74e22d604bb1b18537511d0199e4">up-to-date</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rfd25833b1a0d4f85ba1df8abe78e7e23"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a1b1d48044aa249648ede118f4b37aebc">hword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3ba551ad27a641169d0c38671cf1f7c6">Hyphenated word, all letters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__afac61762969a4d548bf661533d865133">l&oacute;gico-matem&aacute;tica</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rb4ab6af7a49c442792736735cd0eaac3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae12037e303944af0aa586378c76d71ef">numhword</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__acadcfef1df984b4782955974e3df7fdd">Hyphenated word, letters and digits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3a7120b97210410c9963d9ad46ccde05">postgresql-beta1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r176dcfeb080b49a5844e670122a27df9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ac749ee2ab7d645a18ad1acb3ad0a680f">hword_asciipart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8fd9120cf6b240f190ab3f46d5093bcc">Hyphenated word part, all ASCII</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a74e3f5d5f8e34dce92804d15654b45e1">postgresql in the context postgresql-beta1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r130faba6482b4e01b3dd92fe09d02e29"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a4fea307e1a8f463a8411ac48c5fe2089">hword_part</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a96a9a7adde894b5781c97afa3a64526a">Hyphenated word part, all letters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a23e3bbb5f6a44f81bbfc8e3ee35b6991">l&oacute;gico or matem&aacute;tica in the context l&oacute;gico-matem&aacute;tica</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rc7691cc089d14d438f81e67a2e9ee01a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad15abf868b2c49b1a7c1e410e40c8cef">hword_numpart</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a6ae8114b2b51485491de8f7ab5eb5e3f">Hyphenated word part, letters and digits</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aaaa9663e96d54b70a11a370158f8f734">beta1 in the context postgresql-beta1</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r43e776b3ef8e46c690aab5b16188b846"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae9e9bac5f1de4cf9bbd28bd8aed9f56f">email</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad89c0fd54fd9473080ff92a859a5e319">Email address</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a57d81d2fd38c4b06bc51d77d3f45e73e">foo@example.com</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rfe7b85d387d049bc94c4c1a6e435c963"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a66c042ffbd164a6083f8542b1760e7c7">protocol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9d37881e42cd468bb6e742e7e8b3d760">Protocol head</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a6733b401854e4e3f8efe7f0b9f61a69b">http://</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r3257634c68f5453e92c36fe718e2fdd3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8126f979132646c59f206b78af8c8371">url</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a82c6fd3e17db43a49f6205f13cbddd4d">URL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad948cca5b64749c0b563453e424b7c96">example.com/stuff/index.html</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r526df87ac619456f95f7fc6cd7a2bb73"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a72d8eea46d954e2ea12aad53634859be">host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aeb745dbae67a4c9aa043104125c40ee7">Host</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af71175f690ce4d77a40cc2530511a393">example.com</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r1e7d19c8aa9a43f5aacb8b9722ca99b9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2db5030ea6ae4f98b34731641debd502">url_path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aee08ce84ab3b4dc7bdf4b25f6da35426">URL path</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af9afadb0296d409a8399cfdef631872d">/stuff/index.html, in the context of a URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r23f81a80a9fd4deba355d8c606db4d34"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a51229c9bc49249029e645a8b72e2e134">file</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3d086b1238094cc99a6660ab8ce79027">File or path name</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3f605251e8884390a773bcbf6f786992">/usr/local/foo.txt, if not within a URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rc4f2a9efbda540869b9a29ec1d1fc3a9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a54313823495f48d8bc406c11f19b600d">sfloat</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a150389a16f384ab59cca8e4a27572350">Scientific notation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a7f2f2d5729254043b89075ee8463dabf">-1.23E+56</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r51018adcce49423dbe0bbfaa52b8d01a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a06bb420b731d463eae4fce1d35111e8c">float</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8fbaa950bb684366826e9e3394614962">Decimal notation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad0062f8ab09849429ad48bb8665e118f">-1.234</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r19caea8c2a2c4570a1fcd493cbc8f3fd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a5119d3cc1ba142668d4d9aea872305d4">int</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a89909a9eda3b415aba6ae27ba46a35ef">Signed integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad761ac638f0a4abbaaa54c134a353393">-1234</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r8efcea8ac401459ea175011d6f3089ea"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a084a5a3968fd4fcb9b75a262966eeb12">uint</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a0efc08499b514c538c162eaf53c3d32b">Unsigned integer</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9d9c7c2101bf41cd80980385be3c4394">1234</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r23dbb89c0374473fa21d4f77de783a1a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a5621007f66cc48dcbe7dc37c3e28036c">version</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad3fda73a78a44fa8a1e20133d127a38c">Version number</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ac7b24637bd1e4706ba718d03f4475714">8.3.0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r37eea6bac64c461ea5aca4fccf8763d1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a0e915600603d4f9d9dfe1f46f7f9fa48">tag</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9bb77e166118473e9ca385ef9c28c668">XML tag</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a647e808f050d47909d225e951a286e8f">&lt;a href="dictionaries.html"&gt;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rbff43d4a61c34b7ababf249e27b4c669"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a396c85488a0d4037a2871edcd53d240c">entity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae1260a3df5cf43f0bc26dc20e7aac235">XML entity</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__adc129279138f4f68a199605c6a8f6a7a">&amp;amp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r3d2c64d7167845f88b4047066f4abf9c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25.25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2a1a475c0c9249a0be68f3b7bb397343">blank</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.78%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2ba64b14e6f74139a0d4129f01531b00">Space symbols</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="38.97%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a72ba92cb4a5c4b52bd29a2134a137e2e">(any whitespace or punctuation not otherwise recognized)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a0833028bb5494f59b35dd6ae2bf2c399">Note: The parser's notion of a "letter" is determined by the database's locale setting, specifically <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__b84235270610434">lc_ctype</strong>. Words containing only the basic ASCII letters are reported as a separate token type, since it is sometimes useful to distinguish them. In most European languages, token types word and asciiword should be treated alike. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aa72d3e36e40d4bd49c57e6d26d43ffc2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__b842352706104958">email</strong> does not support all valid email characters as defined by RFC 5322. Specifically, the only non-alphanumeric characters supported for email user names are period, dash, and underscore. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a5f10701346114143baa2ce943e6452be">It is possible for the parser to identify overlapping tokens in the same piece of text. As an example, a hyphenated word will be reported both as the entire word and as each component: </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__s3dc0d5bee8ab4880b71237d8524f5e7c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'foo-bar-beta1'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------+------------------------------------------+---------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numhword</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">beta1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_numpart</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">beta1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8762d3369f8e46b998b5e47dc964bc86">This behavior is desirable since it allows searches to work for both the whole compound word and for components. Here is another instructive example: </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__sa487b9c814f74bd481e21cdcab289569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'http://example.com/stuff/index.html'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">----------+---------------+------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Protocol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">stuff</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="k">index</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">host</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Host</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">stuff</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="k">index</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2570b3157206487a8773242f0ec8a6cf">N-gram is a mechanical word segmentation method, and applies to no semantic Chinese segmentation scenarios. The N-gram segmentation method ensures the completeness of the segmentation. However, to cover all the possibilities, it but adds unnecessary words to the index, resulting in a large number of index items. N-gram supports Chinese coding, including GBK and UTF-8. Six built-in token types are shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t7682dee3b51a4bdbac3572a7d5621298">Table 2</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t7682dee3b51a4bdbac3572a7d5621298"></a><a name="t7682dee3b51a4bdbac3572a7d5621298"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t7682dee3b51a4bdbac3572a7d5621298" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Token types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rde9913114995419da7640cd18f3f3351"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" id="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2270461e915c4c5b93260072395533ec">Alias</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" id="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__afafbe53b377a45e4b088efb3ffc8b45f">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r62a75d14583e4641b15984a2f591a609"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a1a231e5ada174cf8b7bef84b620a7c81">zh_words</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a585b43228ceb4f6da2abb101b880f484">chinese words</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r2767bd9d0fe845879be65ec02631889c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3af923f84cc445b6aba7d9fbd2e79bab">en_word</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae83158f35f524b7e8a073bd75d7dfa57">english word</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r56e0c5bcd1074a6f83c88fa88431773f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ab8532b9414d64e08b6fcc3be85e11ea6">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aba89ebb33e5045598cfb09568e84b33b">numeric data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rce620c074745430cac3fb832e9d7a369"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ada1fcb4361e54709b61c9ddd74ad3093">alnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a434e9a3f80834c32802e419c09172266">alnum string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r9f33a75762fb49b0bfce7aa53d341f46"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__acc5e6a417a604d53a04f0c0139abcff7">grapsymbol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a633aa6309c05421abdc88956d66cbd66">graphic symbol</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rfc067f1b948040d5b85e18c10d593153"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.08%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a33e54ef9f8df47db8046b93313a5b268">multisymbol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66.92%" headers="mcps1.3.12.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae9c54ddd2209480c9f646e576e1c183f">multiple symbol</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a77d69a44efbc4d3bbf0cb329b4f97369">Zhparser is a dictionary-based semantic word segmentation method. The bottom-layer calls the Simple Chinese Word Segmentation (SCWS) algorithm (https://github.com/hightman/scws), which applies to Chinese segmentation scenarios. SCWS is a term frequency and dictionary-based mechanical Chinese words engine. It can split a whole paragraph Chinese text into words. The two Chinese coding formats, GBK and UTF-8, are supported. The 26 built-in token types are shown in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t2c6fd8cdf6bd48f3abda6e5b4273303f">Table 3</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t2c6fd8cdf6bd48f3abda6e5b4273303f"></a><a name="t2c6fd8cdf6bd48f3abda6e5b4273303f"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__t2c6fd8cdf6bd48f3abda6e5b4273303f" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>Token types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r029bd3129c174d639b63c73a43919ea1"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a6abb2a0dc82046efb8032a69012047e6">Alias</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" id="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a06b62b0904ad48708387b5fada06d10c">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r60bd0000a5da46d9b12b4de0291ef6fa"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad9b74021818144b1ac85289adfa5cf8c">A</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a4a1c35fbfd7c4f278cd1e0d2908b96a4">Adjective</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rd9be165d251342e79d8ef0f4757ab27a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a602423cfb2e94f20ae1d239c819e23fa">B</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a1d7785bb339e41b7bce898382d5da669">Differentiation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r09b5a61ea05948b08c087fba32256940"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__acd34aba29e614b16b51bcfae81caa633">C</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a3e1b3c904b1c4a66a4acb300342a8195">Conjunction</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r73694604eae1463b828aafb03182b5f6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af0f9cd7825d74868b360d26e92fc7777">D</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aba79eb1380364f7c9a32279fb456c95a">Adverb </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r89c7c27a854d48b18e06d6ed80fbf69a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a670f11f9d2c642deb46878861fa82e96">E</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a6a36e13b7dee4f77b5aedbff5e661cd9">Exclamation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r9c04127ac93b4f699b3859cd0c117469"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a4493529e51a0403a90917b49bb27fa16">F</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a1e00e74330974bd29219f3373ca9cd94">Position</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r3721feec581441358298b0efa39fd62b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9cc0b096ca5d4597aeb6ce4051be85a3">G</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a71d8d6d5fcb44216a7089bcb49eb27f6">Lexeme</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rb1cd8ce82b254a25b99c4db3b723a5e0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8aa8865bfc3747068d84d7a4d049a70f">H</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af07af6a18ac64ce89a2b28bd3b295785">Preceding element</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r62f69233d9ed4ed3b2af411f1351ed49"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a8375080f46f145fc9db377cfb2b4ec12">I</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a123dacfa74814d6a9162f780273b6822">Idiom</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rb707989cba3b41969c836c2dc2c923a0"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a5dcad5b76d2e4e23b62547402d127a3b">J</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a2ed33f2a8a224c8c803c4e521f85414f">Acronyms and abbreviations</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__re0818f2b49c24b9cbf1af2b2054ec618"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a4e093ad6e3a04ab294b560b3180ef9eb">K</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a4dea93addfbf4f91a3a528d3864670b1">Subsequent element</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r832ff09b977d48479da60eb67225d3ad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a07fff6086d5743e7bd601e7c5330e8b2">L</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a6cd8e9886a6f4f9a998513c7d61aabc1">Common words </p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rf021adec4a464949ba83cc87d938a11d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a03f7171f179a460cb2cfc8dbd04637b3">M</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af4ee3845de6c40e487f96e3d23a32543">Numeral</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rac9de1216b48438490393c4dbfa93c96"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae9ff756cbe574e21a0b6bd7759728ca8">N</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ab97ba26c6b024db9bbbda22847413feb">Noun</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r145f90fcf56d41c7bb13cae399c215b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aac3fb67803694e0595dc856f0f2e21ca">O</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad3e1d711b1c445fab25d896fca99c5b4">Onomatopoeia</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r61b1719ac8144367997596c93f211f40"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a0fc45eef67104d8db022a580a5c5fd1e">P</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aafb885f7622642f89471f40dd15c6f6b">Preposition</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r269d8f2f73e24154b7e7a48d7fd3d462"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aafaa04b9979a41fb8402ed5c8bcdbdff">Q</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ae34c015405504654b066ecfd1f6b9fec">Quantifiers</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__re13f2e5677d843e28feb516d66d598c1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a841c86f7025b4e828c5727636bb9279c">R</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a18156d4bcf0645b489110cfd2d410367">Pronoun</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__rcfeed00466664a059063578f7c12b672"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aca6048eb962449db9b998c08015a424e">S</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a969fbd7292164b9a9d9ed54c3ce5e63a">Space</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r3cdc391a5f244c988292ebb534253012"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aa594f702428641eca82fda828770f193">T</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__af6690c83a33f4d9a96ade0e2aaa285f5">Time</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r3b50ca8e7dd049af950469c837a5d912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a1b67033bfabb494895011b9831bf416f">U</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a85fb79947ce940a0b90631029b895245">Auxiliary word</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r871e73e3ff6f4187be03aac3cd12c00b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a9ac0965841e146229dd413f38361e7ee">V</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad6c3156c12a4479e86bea047801dc73c">Verb</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r9532bf4e559c4bf4b11d5deb6699a98b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a0a1fc168e9b84e36a27ef33394c6ee38">W</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__ad379bcf4357b48438c38d92f775a25e3">Punctuation</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r1b052f63ae0c4c248db57693c4c90994"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a692a802fdbe1421b8dd9d8d12e0f1b37">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__adb112f6de7504788910cc7e0f30fbc66">Unknown</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r98e44ce07436471cb09470742089b663"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aec73c6a762fb4b6584f542fc2ad98144">Y</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a52cc3a78641b483eae2ff06e31c540d0">Interjection</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__r90a0e9e523f4486d89cafe410bc49ceb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__a103ca19595084afeb899eb5589e5b651">Z</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="75%" headers="mcps1.3.14.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__aba9f92eaace54aac82b8e9098afb88fb">Status words</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p646511115378">Pound segments words in a fixed format. It is used to segment to-be-parsed nonsense Chinese and English words that are separated by fixed separators. It supports Chinese encoding (including GBK and UTF8) and English encoding (including ASCII). Pound has six pre-configured token types (as listed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table18356541133518">Table 4</a>) and supports five separators (as listed in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table14245115444310">Table 5</a>). The default, the separator is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__b14683184119329">#</strong>. Pound The maximum length of a token is 256 characters.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table18356541133518"></a><a name="table18356541133518"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table18356541133518" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>Token types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row2035613418358"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" id="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1198305217355">Alias</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" id="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p298875213353">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row203561341183514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p3994352133519">zh_words</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1299775243510">chinese words</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row1135611412359"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p111115363519">en_word</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p17335323516">english word</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row7356341113510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p13617533350">numeric</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1393533359">numeric data</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row8356641163510"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p912165312357">alnum</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p16152535351">alnum string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row2356341183518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p619135353514">grapsymbol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p3215534359">graphic symbol</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row1035684133514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p92595323518">multisymbol</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67%" headers="mcps1.3.16.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p2027953113519">multiple symbol</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table14245115444310"></a><a name="table14245115444310"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__table14245115444310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>Separator types</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row13245145420435"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" id="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p17245155411436">Delimiter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" id="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1943018349445">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row9245165416438"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1577178104417">@</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p359820140491">Special character</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row424512543432"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p177752844415">#</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p8245854154315">Special character</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row62467541434"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1377958114410">$</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1246754104311">Special character</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row524635434319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p678218154410">%</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p1024616544438">Special character</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__row1324655444310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="34%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p127865812449">/</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="66%" headers="mcps1.3.17.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830806__p2024614546435">Special character</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0102.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0102.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2a6f4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0102.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830904"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830904"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Dictionaries</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830904__p194245415293"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0103.html">Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0104.html">Stop Words</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0105.html">Simple Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0106.html">Synonym Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0107.html">Thesaurus Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0108.html">Ispell Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0109.html">Snowball Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0103.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0103.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..535543ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0103.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Overview</h1>
+<div id="body1561692316765"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p10985850134520">A dictionary is used to define stop words, that is, words to be ignored in full-text retrieval.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p178581220134616">A dictionary can also be used to normalize words so that different derived forms of the same word will match. A normalized word is called a lexeme.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p5687281260">In addition to improving retrieval quality, normalization and removal of stop words can reduce the size of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b1923103320572">tsvector</strong> representation of a document, thereby improving performance. Normalization and removal of stop words do not always have linguistic meaning. Users can define normalization and removal rules in dictionary definition files based on application environments.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p1048084019528">A dictionary is a program that receives a token as input and returns:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__ul448014095218"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li14480204095216"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p9480840125215"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li14480204095216"></a><a name="li14480204095216"></a>An array of lexemes if the input token is known to the dictionary (note that one token can produce more than one lexeme).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li1561353414222">A single lexeme to replace the original token with a new token to be passed to subsequent dictionaries (a dictionary that does this is called a filtering dictionary).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li1148124085212"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p114812040175216"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li1148124085212"></a><a name="li1148124085212"></a>An empty array if the input token is known to the dictionary but is a stop word.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li24818403529"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p448104019526"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li24818403529"></a><a name="li24818403529"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b84235270611419">NULL</strong> if the dictionary does not recognize the token.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p194245415293"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__text417321870">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides predefined dictionaries for many languages and also provides five predefined dictionary templates, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b1194175223014">Simple</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b7992205318307">Synonym</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b8166185623015">Thesaurus</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b93980582306">Ispell</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b426530153117">Snowball</strong>. These templates can be used to create new dictionaries with custom parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p9394422131513">When using full-text retrieval, you are advised to:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__ul1419424661519"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li219417461151">In the text search configuration, configure a parser together with a set of dictionaries to process the parser's output tokens. For each token type that the parser can return, a separate list of dictionaries is specified by the configuration. When a token of that type is found by the parser, each dictionary in the list is consulted in turn, until a dictionary recognizes it as a known word. If it is identified as a stop word, or no dictionary recognizes the token, it will be discarded and not indexed or searched for. Generally, the first dictionary that returns a non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b9690185334013">NULL</strong> output determines the result, and any remaining dictionaries are not consulted. However, a filtering dictionary can replace the input token with a modified one, which is then passed to subsequent dictionaries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__li4678848121518">The general rule for configuring a list of dictionaries is to place first the most narrow, most specific dictionary, then the more general dictionaries, finishing with a very general dictionary, like a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b28181044411">Snowball</strong> stemmer dictionary or a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b949154564410">Simple</strong> dictionary, which recognizes everything. In the following example, for an astronomy-specific search (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b149991648144619">astro_en</strong> configuration), you can configure the token type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b123511658144916">asciiword</strong> (ASCII word) with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b731164245011">Synonym</strong> dictionary of astronomical terms, a general English <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b259411213515">Ispell</strong> dictionary, and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__b151454261513">Snowball</strong> English stemmer dictionary:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__s9d5364b9b03845398238f2042156f96e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">astro_en</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">astro_syn</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670804__p15825123017353">A filtering dictionary can be placed anywhere in the list, except at the end where it would be useless. Filtering dictionaries are useful to partially normalize words to simplify the task of later dictionaries.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0104.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0104.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6a05bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0104.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Stop Words</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__en-us_topic_0059778544_p86851123411">Stop words are words that are very common, appear in almost every document, and have no discrimination value. Therefore, they can be ignored in the context of full text searching. Each type of dictionaries treats stop words in different ways. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__b1081661124919">Ispell</strong> dictionaries first normalize words and then check the list of stop words, while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__b081815115498">Snowball</strong> dictionaries first check the list of stop words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__a787062548f6d40e383a8c64651dbedb0">For example, every English text contains words like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__b842352706144842">a</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__b842352706144849">the</strong>, so it is useless to store them in an index. However, stop words affect the positions in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__b842352706144919">tsvector</strong>, which in turn affect ranking.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__s5d0b2d6c7fe94a5eaa99a43239c628ac"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'in the list of stop words'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'list'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'stop'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'word'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__abe139c51213245de8f980c9be5091f72">The missing positions 1, 2, and 4 are because of stop words. Ranks calculated for documents with and without stop words are quite different:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510845__s1ae1236661594256bd6ead7dbec4e6af"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'in the list of stop words'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'list &amp; stop'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'list stop words'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'list &amp; stop'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_rank_cd</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0105.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0105.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6678d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0105.html
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Simple Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body1561195448344"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__p188122449501">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b168661710143">Simple</strong> dictionary operates by converting the input token to lower case and checking it against a list of stop words. If the token is found in the list, an empty array will be returned, causing the token to be discarded. If it is not found, the lower-cased form of the word is returned as the normalized lexeme. In addition, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b539613414264">Accept</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b20178125182613">false</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b869653472714">Simple</strong> dictionaries (default: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b9732101274">true</strong>) to report non-stop-words as unrecognized, allowing them to be passed on to the next dictionary in the list.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__section1750055382816"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__ul1714725117371"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li126961800117">Most types of dictionaries rely on dictionary configuration files. The name of a configuration file can only be lowercase letters, digits, and underscores (_).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li992044017418">A dictionary cannot be created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b2912104273014">pg_temp</strong> mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li10147751193715">Dictionary configuration files must be stored in UTF-8 encoding. They will be translated to the actual database encoding, if that is different, when they are read into the server.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li13238454123714">Generally, a session will read a dictionary configuration file only once, when it is first used within the session. To modify a configuration file, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b15668141163518">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</strong> statement to update and reload the file.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__section75460100182"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__ol1780938123215"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li580914818324"><span>Create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b106739406359">Simple</strong> dictionary.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__screen20301419121412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">simple_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">STOPWORDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__p1981618018157"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b10316410153714">english.stop</strong> is the full name of a file of stop words. For details about the syntax and parameters for creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b93743285373">Simple</strong> dictionary, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li68101816323"><span>Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b1964773973715">Simple</strong> dictionary.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__screen19455219264"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'public.simple_dict'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'YeS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">yes</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'public.simple_dict'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'The'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__li781010811322"><span>Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b7787936388">Accept=false</strong> so that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b194691210133814">Simple</strong> dictionary returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__b17855161443812">NULL</strong> instead of a lower-cased non-stop word.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__screen1295520203119"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">simple_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Accept</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'public.simple_dict'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'YeS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'public.simple_dict'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'The'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150598__p523815414719"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0106.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0106.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Synonym Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body1561195448345"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__p1798110596188">A synonym dictionary is used to define, identify, and convert synonyms of tokens. Phrases are not supported (use the thesaurus dictionary in <a href="dws_06_0107.html">Thesaurus Dictionary</a>).</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__section10442451826"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__ul48271054104413"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__li16827135434414">A synonym dictionary can be used to overcome linguistic problems, for example, to prevent an English stemmer dictionary from reducing the word "Paris" to "pari". It is enough to have a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__b714616536239">Paris paris</strong> line in the synonym dictionary and put it before the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__b8322316152420">english_stem</strong> dictionary.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__screen61051947201711"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Paris'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+----------------+--------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Paris</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SYNONYMS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonyms</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FILEPATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=xx-xx-xx'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Paris'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Paris</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">paris</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'paris'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Paris</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">paris</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CASESENSITIVE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Paris'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Paris</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">paris</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'paris'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Paris</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_synonym</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__p161114594517">The full name of the synonym dictionary file is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__b1399515191111">my_synonyms.syn</strong>, and the dictionary is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__b1942011655216">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__i142737503560"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__ph3273150165618">xx-xx-xx</span></em>'. For details about the syntax and parameters for creating a synonym dictionary, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__li1342001654917">An asterisk (*) can be placed at the end of a synonym in the configuration file. This indicates that the synonym is a prefix. The asterisk is ignored when the entry is used in to_tsvector(), but when it is used in to_tsquery(), the result will be a query item with the prefix match marker (see <a href="dws_06_0098.html">Manipulating Queries</a>).<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__p14645211182011">Assume that the content in the dictionary file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__b97781691144">synonym_sample.syn</strong> is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__screen928520169418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">pgsql</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">pgsql</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">postgre</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgsql</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">gogle</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">googl</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">indices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">index</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__p17318191418578">Create and use a dictionary.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__screen133702144519"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">syn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SYNONYMS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym_sample</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'syn'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'indices'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">index</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">syn</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tst'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'indices'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'index'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tst'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'indices'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'index'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'indexes are very useful'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'are'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'indexes'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'useful'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'very'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'indexes are very useful'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tst'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'indices'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671016__p541744303613"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0107.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0107.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4417f109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0107.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Thesaurus Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body1561195448345"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p61561752184216">A thesaurus dictionary (sometimes abbreviated as TZ) is a collection of words that include relationships between words and phrases, such as broader terms (BT), narrower terms (NT), preferred terms, non-preferred terms, and related terms. A thesaurus dictionary replaces all non-preferred terms by one preferred term and, optionally, preserves the original terms for indexing as well. A thesaurus dictionary is an extension of the synonym dictionary with added phrase support.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__section62562319454"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__ul12908102613454"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li846731517503">A thesaurus dictionary has the capability to recognize phrases. Therefore, it must remember its state and interact with the parser to check whether it should handle the next token or stop accumulation. The thesaurus dictionary must be configured carefully. For example, if the thesaurus dictionary is assigned to handle only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b178589376575">asciiword</strong> token, then a thesaurus dictionary definition like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b12471646155713">one 7</strong> will not work because token type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b148765541578">uint</strong> is not assigned to the thesaurus dictionary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li1680016287457">Thesauruses are used during indexing. Any change in the thesaurus dictionary's parameters requires reindexing. For most other dictionary types, small changes such as adding or removing stop words does not force reindexing.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__section1031795115131"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__ol1563682614114"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li86631231174119"><span>Create a TZ named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b614502265">thesaurus_astro</strong>.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p239763717414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b12852143285">thesaurus_astro</strong> is a simple astronomical TZ that defines two astronomical word combinations (word+synonym).<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__screen042463111202"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">supernovae</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stars</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sn</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">crab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nebulae</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">crab</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p192191827862">Run the following statement to create the TZ:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__screen133702144519"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus_astro</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DictFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus_astro</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">Dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FILEPATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=xx-xx-xx'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p1816975081418">The full name of the dictionary file is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b10366173310119">thesaurus_astro.ths</strong>, and the dictionary is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b1584632355319">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__i467214718571"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__ph19672047165718">xx-xx-xx</span></em>'. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b32391345133214">pg_catalog.english_stem</strong> is the subdictionary (a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b1169514103341">Snowball</strong> English stemmer) used for input normalization. The subdictionary has its own configuration (for example, stop words), which is not shown here. For details about the syntax and parameters for creating a TZ, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li156362266415"><span>Bind the TZ to the desired token types in the text search configuration.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__screen345912558500"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus_astro</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li76368266411"><span>Use the TZ.</span><p><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__ul186562012411"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li1877564114519">Test the TZ.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p242419514514"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li1877564114519"></a><a name="li1877564114519"></a>The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b15483203273912">ts_lexize</strong> function is not very useful for testing the TZ because the function processes its input as a single token. Instead, you can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b1957375194019">plainto_tsquery</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b3887255144018">to_tsvector</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b124172002418">to_tsquery</strong> function which will break their input strings into multiple tokens.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__screen165281749182514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'supernova star'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'supernova star'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsvector</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'''supernova star'''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to_tsquery</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__p47655114141"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b694001520422">supernova star</strong> matches <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b16368112610424">supernovae stars</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b7762332154217">thesaurus_astro</strong> because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b0957655144210">english_stem</strong> stemmer is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b1625817296443">thesaurus_astro</strong> definition. The stemmer removed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b45069471436">e</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__b157655019438">s</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__li114866934112">To index the original phrase, include it in the right-hand part of the definition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150674__screen101864317208"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">supernovae</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stars</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">supernovae</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stars</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus_astro</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DictFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">thesaurus_astro</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FILEPATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'file:///home/dicts/'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'supernova star'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="n">plainto_tsquery</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sn'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'supernova'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'star'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0108.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0108.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85fe5d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0108.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Ispell Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body1561195448345"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__p8060118">The Ispell dictionary template supports morphological dictionaries, which can normalize many different linguistic forms of a word into the same lexeme. For example, an English Ispell dictionary can match all declensions and conjugations of the search term <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b207017481619">bank</strong>, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b1416243965216">banking</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b86761741205220">banked</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b13762184605210">banks</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b1423135355214">banks'</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b153516564527">bank's</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__p5892155115356"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__text1413194050">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not provide any predefined Ispell dictionaries or dictionary files. The .dict files and .affix files support multiple open-source dictionary formats, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b1159291018118">Ispell</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b334215128112">MySpell</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b182667146117">Hunspell</strong>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__section737061503610"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__ol14501539114610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__li450163974617"><span>Obtain the dictionary definition file (.dict) and affix file (.affix).</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__p959419111211">You can use an open-source dictionary. The name extensions of the open-source dictionary may be .aff and .dic. In this case, you need to change them to .affix and .dict. In addition, for some dictionary files (for example, Norwegian dictionary files), you need to run the following commands to convert the character encoding to UTF-8:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__screen8456192613377"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">iconv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ISO_8859</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_no</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">affix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_NO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aff</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">iconv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ISO_8859</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_no</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_NO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dic</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__li18501639134619"><span>Create an Ispell dictionary.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__screen101864317208"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">norwegian_ispell</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DictFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_no</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">AffFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nn_no</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FilePath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket_name/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=rg'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__p436810233391">The full name of the Ispell dictionary file is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b4121528527">nn_no.dict</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b111817280218">nn_no.affix</strong>, and the dictionary is stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b5488121213548"> 'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__i56911074305"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__ph15401172810204">xx-xx-xx</span></em>'. For details about the syntax and parameters for creating an Ispell dictionary, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>.</p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__li1550143934613"><span>Use the Ispell dictionary to split compound words.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__screen2527244202618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'norwegian_ispell'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'sjokoladefabrikk'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w">      </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">sjokolade</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fabrikk</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__p199091334174211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b437832232110">MySpell</strong> does not support compound words. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b08570353214">Hunspell</strong> supports compound words. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__text786846749">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports only the basic compound word operations of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830699__b1239141172312">Hunspell</strong>. Generally, an Ispell dictionary recognizes a limited set of words, so they should be followed by another broader dictionary, for example, a Snowball dictionary, which recognizes everything.</p>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0109.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0109.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca4fd4dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0109.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Snowball Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body1561195448345"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__p741685911228">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b1513715413303">Snowball</strong> dictionary is based on a project by Martin Porter and is used for stem analysis, providing stemming algorithms for many languages. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__text1989292856">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides predefined <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b61111931153417">Snowball</strong> dictionaries of many languages. You can query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b1459952412484">PG_TS_DICT</strong> system catalog to view the predefined <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b7974424153917">Snowball</strong> dictionaries and supported stemming algorithms.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__p335412548429">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b18738154313416">Snowball</strong> dictionary recognizes everything, no matter whether it is able to simplify the word. Therefore, it should be placed at the end of the dictionary list. It is useless to place it before any other dictionary because a token will never pass it through to the next dictionary.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__p1390819885014">For details about the syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__b101761947194420">Snowball</strong> dictionaries, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510677__p18307854144918"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0102.html">Dictionaries</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0110.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0110.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c15731a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0110.html
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuration Examples</h1>
+<div id="body1561534483449"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__p39950155319">Text search configuration specifies the following components required for converting a document into a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b733223717450">tsvector</strong>:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__ul16432193525219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li37982015315">A parser, decomposes a text into tokens.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li164321835105214">Dictionary list, converts each token into a lexeme.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__p8060118">Each time when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b9357174411162">to_tsvector</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b344185431614">to_tsquery</strong> function is invoked, a text search configuration is required to specify a processing procedure. The GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b83051401489">default_text_search_config</strong> specifies the default text search configuration, which will be used if the text search function does not explicitly specify a text search configuration.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__p2161716193716"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__text1625964664">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides some predefined text search configurations. You can also create user-defined text search configurations. In addition, to facilitate the management of text search objects, multiple gsql meta-commands are provided to display related information. For details, see "Meta-Command Reference" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__i029275019166">Tool Guide</em>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__section2016620211300"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__ol482416413018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li2082454118013"><span>Create a text search configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b1396852113118">ts_conf</strong> by copying the predefined text search configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b1672710485347">english</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen158854278533"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">english</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li13665215714"><span>Create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b1655625313173">Synonym</strong> dictionary.</span><p><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__p1174133112116">Assume that the definition file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b108531337163517">pg_dict.syn</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b91247544353">Synonym</strong> dictionary contains the following contents:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen1590115511111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">pgsql</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__p649322635418">Run the following statement to create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b1782029131819">Synonym</strong> dictionary:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen205297242611"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">SYNONYMS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">FILEPATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=xx-xx-xx'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li1965315010218"><span>Create an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b5404102215319">Ispell</strong> dictionary <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b17891011372">english_ispell</strong> (the dictionary definition file is from the open source dictionary).</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen47831721181510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DictFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">AffFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StopWords</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FILEPATH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket01/obs.xxx.xxx.com accesskey=xxxxx secretkey=xxxxx region=xx-xx-xx'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li1963517426316"><span>Modify the text search configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b9922821389">ts_conf</strong> and change the dictionary list for tokens of certain types. For details about token types, see <a href="dws_06_0101.html">Parsers</a>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen15561519315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                      </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_part</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li1496721514219"><span>In the text search configuration, set non-index or set the search for tokens of certain types.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen077132543517"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url_path</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sfloat</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li12448020827"><span>Use the text retrieval commissioning function ts_debug() to test the text search configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b117844118429">ts_conf</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen2079291854711"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ts_conf'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'</span>
+<span class="s1">PostgreSQL, the highly scalable, SQL compliant, open source object-relational</span>
+<span class="s1">database management system, is now undergoing beta testing of the next</span>
+<span class="s1">version of our software.</span>
+<span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__li3737192719211"><span>You can set the default text search configuration of the current session to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__b3487369436">ts_conf</strong>. This setting is valid only for the current session.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150792__screen84221551195120"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">\</span><span class="n">dF</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">Text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">search</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;public.ts_conf&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Parser</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;pg_catalog.default&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">Token</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="n">Dictionaries</span><span class="w">             </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------+-------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">host</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_numpart</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_part</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numhword</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numword</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uint</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_dict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'public.ts_conf'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_text_search_config</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts_conf</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0111.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0111.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0f48dcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0111.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910915"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910915"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Testing and Debugging Text Search</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"></div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0112.html">Testing a Configuration</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0113.html">Testing a Parser</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0114.html">Testing a Dictionary</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0112.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0112.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..090ec70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0112.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Testing a Configuration</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__en-us_topic_0059778139_p173451123241">The function ts_debug allows easy testing of a text search configuration. </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__s65dc18b6f1834a8a91f0e2ecfcc10cb7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regconfig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regdictionary</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">regdictionary</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">setof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__a1b8c70cd61f347089eb6d97dea5b9594"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b842352706183451">ts_debug</strong> displays information about every token of document as produced by the parser and processed by the configured dictionaries. It uses the configuration specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b842352706183624">config</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b842352706183639">default_text_search_config</strong> if that argument is omitted. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__a3fdce70541f64536919b51dbcf492521"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b842352706183715">ts_debug</strong> returns one row for each token identified in the text by the parser. The columns returned are:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__ua3dc4b7bf59c4f7cae7bc5ae13612b1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__lf55bd5c591f441c189c80905d239ee40">alias text — short name of the token type </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__l9af34afb026540e0994c74719bbdd141">description text — description of the token type </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__l38135ac0b0f54cceb5d9ca8a8e0d6ade">token text — text of the token </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__lb8ecafb125b94f0093a503a4a875714b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b842352706183832">dictionaries regdictionary[]</strong> — the dictionaries selected by the configuration for this token type </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__lc867fcc5492045478e994e1a1996c39d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b84235270611848">dictionary regdictionary</strong>: the dictionary that recognized the token, or NULL if none did</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__lf70fcf76b03942898bf8fa8a5d612ba9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__b8423527061191">lexemes text[]</strong>: the lexeme(s) produced by the dictionary that recognized the token, or NULL if none did; an empty array ({}) means the token was recognized as a stop word</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__a64a8974620a841f1afbc24ae77c97526">Here is a simple example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830906__s24215936f82e4db483ca4edaa7b92710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'a fat  cat sat on a mat - it ate a fat rats'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dictionaries</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">dictionary</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lexemes</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+-----------------+-------+----------------+--------------+---------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fat</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">fat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sat</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">sat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mat</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">mat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ate</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ate</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fat</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">fat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rats</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">rat</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0111.html">Testing and Debugging Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Testing a Parser</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__a2105cb99b3724de5889c5023b11ae870">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b842352706185911">ts_parse</strong> function allows direct testing of a text search parser.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__s909467d319a04280b4810393501f4f2c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tokid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">setof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__aa6b6695032944e3b9362bb2fe3ef2f05"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b842352706185959">ts_parse</strong> parses the given <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b8423527061903">document</strong> and returns a series of records, one for each token produced by parsing. Each record includes a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b84235270619111">tokid</strong> showing the assigned token type and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b84235270619118">token</strong> which is the text of the token. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__s2a51d76ab59842f3885a3e4aacc5e104"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'123 - a number'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tokid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------+--------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__sec58b4a85814469e883b237c185511d2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tokid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">setof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__a361e4e7780d940d8932ae87996796d12"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b84235270619338">ts_token_type</strong> returns a table which describes each type of token the specified parser can recognize. For each token type, the table gives the integer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b84235270619549">tokid</strong> that the parser uses to label a token of that type, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__b84235270619446">alias</strong> that names the token type in configuration commands, and a short description. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830948__s1a7998d6bc4e41229ce8b155fdbb97a3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_token_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tokid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="n">description</span><span class="w">                </span>
+<span class="c1">-------+-----------------+------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciiword</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numword</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">email</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Email</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">host</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Host</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sfloat</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scientific</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">number</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_numpart</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_part</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword_asciipart</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">blank</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Space</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">symbols</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tag</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tag</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Protocol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numhword</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">asciihword</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hword</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hyphenated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">letters</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">url_path</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">File</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Decimal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">notation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Signed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uint</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0111.html">Testing and Debugging Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0114.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0114.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6f49ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0114.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Testing a Dictionary</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__en-us_topic_0059779360_p5728933042">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b84235270619211">ts_lexize</strong> function facilitates dictionary testing.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__affa7b238cfc24197b412402a17b21f4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b842352706192225">ts_lexize(dict regdictionary, token text) returns text[]</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b84235270619231">ts_lexize</strong> returns an array of lexemes if the input <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b842352706192318">token</strong> is known to the dictionary, or an empty array if the token is known to the dictionary but it is a stop word, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b842352706192334">NULL</strong> if it is an unknown word. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__ac19eb39da6b144748bd7f620fc9d2623">For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__s39293e88b0aa4983909e8175bb3a3cb2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english_stem'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'stars'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">star</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'english_stem'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ts_lexize</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__nc1c96457914646a696996e07d12b53bd"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__a1656aa11762a4de78fc4a130dd4218d9">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b84235270619257">ts_lexize</strong> function expects a single <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710625__b842352706192524">token</strong>, not text.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0111.html">Testing and Debugging Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0115.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0115.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33179218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0115.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Limitations</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__aafaa5020949e4ef3b07a4529809515e9">The current limitations of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__text2104206234">GaussDB(DWS)</span>'s full text search are:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__uecaf3188ad774a289386f3c6c0b6d1f3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__ld783c5ef59ca4fa58c68233047d1d740">The length of each lexeme must be less than 2 KB.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__laf5404b65c5c4b9cbdeb6221a247a164">The length of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__b84235270611122">tsvector</strong> (lexemes + positions) must be less than 1 megabyte.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__lc91bdfc4562a4a28b68f1e071508753a">Position values in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__b842352706111225">tsvector</strong> must be greater than 0 and no more than 16383.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__l5b765a8d61a74ec085675a03ed2d9a59">No more than 256 positions per lexeme. Excessive positions, if any, will be discarded.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150986__l1d34c0a13f48424f915a82169334e06b">The number of nodes (lexemes + operators) in a tsquery must be less than 32768.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0081.html">Full Text Search</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0116.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0116.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eed863fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0116.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">System Operation</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__en-us_topic_0059778982_p93511448513"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__text1761580221">GaussDB(DWS)</span> runs SQL statements to perform different system operations, such as setting variables, displaying the execution plan, and collecting garbage data.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__sc740521470cf4158875c46fb0d761fd6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting Variables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a2c60d9823c4f46a09c58c8695cdf4ca6">For details about how to set various parameters for a session or transaction, see <a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__s5d3edc3919f842b28ea5f7ec940934c2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Displaying the Execution Plan</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a29c56febd0434b788aab18c372a9cdbc">For details about how to display the execution plan that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__text396007768">GaussDB(DWS)</span> makes for SQL statements, see <a href="dws_06_0232.html">EXPLAIN</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__s1076fb7dc8064ba0babd27fab6320a57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Specifying a Checkpoint in Transaction Logs</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a1a7ed1acada44e24af708ac8b08f5d1e">By default, WALs periodically specify checkpoints in a transaction log. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__b4167443115054">CHECKPOINT</strong> forces an immediate checkpoint when the related command is issued, without waiting for a regular checkpoint scheduled by the system. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0258.html">CHECKPOINT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__s4455102cf5734183b654143a0c8f5857"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Collecting Unnecessary Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a9f3dce6533294eb0ae1589d6ad6998fb">For details about how to collect garbage data and analyze a database as required, For details, see <a href="dws_06_0226.html">VACUUM</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__sf0f43b969fd047faa63bc2945696ddc5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Collecting statistics</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a89d7a7f23ebc42ff9cd6efc600b471bc">For details about how to collect statistics on tables in databases, For details, see <a href="dws_06_0245.html">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__s8579954e6a11498e95d3618ff200364e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting the Constraint Check Mode for the Current Transaction</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830658__a2e2d88da972b426fa996ac5a3fe262d1">For details about how to set the constraint check mode for the current transaction, For details, see <a href="dws_06_0221.html">SET CONSTRAINTS</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0117.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0117.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cd2b33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0117.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Controlling Transactions</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0059777755_p841213161455">A transaction is a user-defined sequence of database operations, which form an integral unit of work.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__s7114764dc21248f6a3a0c905b8d113f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Starting Transactions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__a29c0da23b9fb4362b230b8927077f504"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__text639540340">GaussDB(DWS)</span> starts a transaction using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b177501937185016">START TRANSACTION</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b19750153725016">BEGIN</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0265.html">START TRANSACTION</a> and <a href="dws_06_0257.html">BEGIN</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__sbfe6ccaa908b44149e3eec261e822ba6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting Transactions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__a924e080f6ce14e3d9fe81f63128c74e1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__text1094304765">GaussDB(DWS)</span> sets a transaction using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b8859796511">SET TRANSACTION</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b38598995113">SET LOCAL TRANSACTION</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0264.html">SET TRANSACTION</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__s417f5bdb881d4db6bb2a0094ce8e5836"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Submitting Transactions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__ac7a27389578344f3be3a5f4c572c61e6"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__text1879393406">GaussDB(DWS)</span> commits all operations of a transaction using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b25478269511">COMMIT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__en-us_topic_0085032285_b1854712613513">END</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__s6b8cb88be9b043a8b5065bc2facda7f7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Rolling Back Transactions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__ab58069b9c75842b5ab9023b11bb52e04">If a fault occurs during a transaction and the transaction cannot proceed, the system performs rollback to cancel all the completed database operations related to the transaction. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__note82203423570"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510989__p192201342185719">If an execution request (not in a transaction block) received in the database contains multiple statements, the statements will be packed into a transaction. If one of the statements fails, the entire request will be rolled back.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0118.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0118.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21ab420c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0118.html
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710947"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710947"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">DDL Syntax</h1>
+
+  <div id="body1602570830785"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710947__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0119.html">DDL Syntax Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0120.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0123.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0124.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0126.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0127.html">ALTER GROUP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0128.html">ALTER INDEX</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0129.html">ALTER LARGE OBJECT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0132.html">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0133.html">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0135.html">ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0136.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0137.html">ALTER SEQUENCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0138.html">ALTER SERVER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0139.html">ALTER SESSION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0140.html">ALTER SYNONYM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0141.html">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0143.html">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0145.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0146.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0147.html">ALTER TRIGGER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0148.html">ALTER TYPE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0149.html">ALTER USER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0150.html">ALTER VIEW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0151.html">CLEAN CONNECTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0152.html">CLOSE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0153.html">CLUSTER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0154.html">COMMENT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0155.html">CREATE BARRIER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0156.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0159.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0161.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0160.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0163.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0164.html">CREATE GROUP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0168.html">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0169.html">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0170.html">CREATE PROCEDURE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0171.html">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0173.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0174.html">CREATE SEQUENCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0175.html">CREATE SERVER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0176.html">CREATE SYNONYM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0178.html">CREATE TABLE AS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0179.html">CREATE TABLE PARTITION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0182.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0184.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0185.html">CREATE TYPE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0186.html">CREATE USER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0187.html">CREATE VIEW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0188.html">CURSOR</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0189.html">DROP DATABASE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0193.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0194.html">DROP GROUP</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0195.html">DROP INDEX</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0198.html">DROP OWNED</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0199.html">DROP REDACTION POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0200.html">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0201.html">DROP PROCEDURE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0202.html">DROP RESOURCE POOL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0203.html">DROP ROLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0204.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0205.html">DROP SEQUENCE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0206.html">DROP SERVER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0207.html">DROP SYNONYM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0210.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0211.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0212.html">DROP TRIGGER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0213.html">DROP TYPE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0214.html">DROP USER</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0215.html">DROP VIEW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0217.html">MOVE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0218.html">REINDEX</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0219.html">RESET</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0221.html">SET CONSTRAINTS</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0222.html">SET ROLE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0223.html">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0224.html">SHOW</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0225.html">TRUNCATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0226.html">VACUUM</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0119.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0119.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DDL Syntax Overview</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a65f5c9f0e2364440bc0ae1596da094dd">Data definition language (DDL) is used to define or modify an object in a database, such as a table, index, or view.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__nabe14e1eeb6a4ec283c6ae8c4acee751"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa921c2df3df9412caf0559bdb0d3bac4"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__text411690515">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support DDL if its CN is unavailable. For example, if a CN in the cluster is faulty, creating a database or table will fail.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s37e99ffaaede4733948890efca5e1ecd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Database</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a8cfa3fc6557a48e49857e68bbd6d7f55">A database is the warehouse for organizing, storing, and managing data. Defining a database includes: creating a database, altering the database attributes, and dropping the database. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t2e243b4718254261ad5cecb8f3f69ad4" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>SQL statements for defining a database</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r009a5c75584846a68a6d3380fe38b16c"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a9c1d414030944ccbb57c065f7e430bb5">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aca0c37af4c0a4b96b7a49b3470d9dff7">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rf81409592aba4d37a956503c418cce8b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a0a9f6f33c4e34ccf88d4782aea49694a">Create a database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a6be80090d35143118169549db974c165"><a href="dws_06_0156.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r2bcc60f32fed405cbe9100473610d1b3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__abf5b471b6aab49f0badac91e045f2f4f">Alter database attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa9a9295083694207b49cb4b50a573255"><a href="dws_06_0120.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__re356415c22d44f359f11c9f7197d7b10"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a256f6474d7a7434aa51e73ecb6e720fe">Delete a database</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.3.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aadaa99ff727b4600b9440de3010a70f9"><a href="dws_06_0189.html">DROP DATABASE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__sbc2368f8b8e6423c8364fcdd247ccb63"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Schema</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ac480d47aed124fb29d6a5d05f82679b1">A schema is the set of a group of database objects and is used to control the access to the database objects. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t6a2202ed36044a358f35caa0686ac430" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>SQL statements for defining a schema</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rb9fc0fcdb3344896a076e94677b5cb5a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a834e6c415a234700a477887874887bdd">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a077d9f1b17f24978899d56b496775b9e">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__re51dcdc6cd8f40e5a71ae0bc41531d84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a7e3881e68a61470caee681675496b047">Create a schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a9f4a655f14ea42608f8050243f1abddf"><a href="dws_06_0173.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r3e9f38cae53c4483a7b2456c13aacc9d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a8da667e3122d471a992d63eae0af8a6c">Alter schema attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aada64397abf249d8ab336a9a48943205"><a href="dws_06_0136.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r2cdf29c72cfc4b64ac214fec9077c24a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2f341204ff5f44fc88a84065c1764adb">Delete a schema</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a4a32621e43964634b2afba57b531196b"><a href="dws_06_0204.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__sea00384e726c4d769fb1a6ae0d206c01"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a465aa7c5dcd94fcf9e47e941fe797b46">A table is a special data structure in a database and is used to store data objects and the relationship between data objects. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t85e657a74af5498792c111106a2be554" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 3 </b>SQL statements for defining a table</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rae5303545f3d419cbcf050df989539e3"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa9bc35077b784c7a9c98bd5f9cc539ce">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ab2d28bc03f6c4108aa0d4c58ee37fc9e">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r573e30f3d42b46d3a1232bfac833917d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a48d727cc52d1472fa989c332a539e523">Create a table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a854009f78222485582357a75f3d5cf9e"><a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rc3c73ac6efce4a77bb9bbdda9e679327"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ac0466200b56f4875a050bd946bfa699d">Alter table attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a4ae9ae9a21a44384a49bb9c5e25faf7d"><a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r4898dc58e0004011b68f6c289b0299b7"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ab61cc1f1b3204cf985f2912e6289db61">Delete a table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__acc27ed0136a54ff7918bc82b9480d5b0"><a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row073644818542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p109509395614">Delete all the data from a table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.5.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1737348155411"><a href="dws_06_0225.html">TRUNCATE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__sca94b8ea517e4c819f930d82431afce6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Partitioned Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aaee4baf598d04847b3bb5e776a856873">A partitioned table is a special data structure in a database and is used to store data objects and the relationship between data objects. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__tbcf95644f3ad4b54a7e3d9b4f4f55b43" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 4 </b>SQL statements for defining a partitioned table</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r125c4963a91e4321888816d47aa9f9c9"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a0d8698e660b849e8b9743d8cb3f3a563">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1d090630d0e64a57a324d4f5e6c664af">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rd57b9b2fa9564c168b7fe4e8a8d151b5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ad07defb68beb42bbb73225d8a69fd88f">Create a partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa94b7117e4064c0bbbee083eca94ae52"><a href="dws_06_0179.html">CREATE TABLE PARTITION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r05cc941123fb494f9b973dcfa1ece930"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__adcf2d444ae824a8294da20ff4137e809">Create a partition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ae2573b36b47a4def9b20ed450bfc6a8d"><a href="dws_06_0143.html">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r29859738601a45319fd94dd061de6781"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a12091acda818487fa60a1c4a468fcdf6">Alter partitioned table attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1583f079486b4a60ac3a7760d1c44fbe"><a href="dws_06_0143.html">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ra9f05cc9db2e4220a97673de645a063f"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ae8aa2c5879a34512b355aa5c2926ede6">Delete a partition</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a69662b4af88f4787bcde439221aa350e"><a href="dws_06_0143.html">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r0de17514ce284b63a4a53627beba2cce"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a8f3007392ce1401fa6a38ee1ae42fdca">Delete a partitioned table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.6.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a19e039b70cd5426bb16d7c10a555e2c0"><a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s77922c23b9634691b308b1b4371af3f4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining an Index</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a54d8244684864f2f8f65d30b0013c884">An index indicates the sequence of values in one or more columns in the database table. The database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data access to specific information in a database table. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t8d8694623fb74cb980882c363393bded" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 5 </b>SQL statements for defining an index</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r29d7a5ef25c24630a98540e672200eef"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a967478d717d94568af88319dc91553ab">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a19487b2a9f444e6baee18522495ea802">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rf997c80bc5914bef937c4e661cdd7c72"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2ea7d19c253f4c3aa011318afba5bc28">Create an index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ad61525b8ccad41559776e4d4c8e1a33b"><a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r7ff2afeb0b814e8ba2a6f67e75c43ae6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a94523382d1fe4ea89c10b33a13eff084">Alter index attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a9b336bd1f2154cbc8d1925df481ae614"><a href="dws_06_0128.html">ALTER INDEX</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r637d42a4648344b49ec44dea478ccf6e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a703166267d1947e6b5b189867fc5d410">Delete an index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a6dee439f1e514708a091ff39f0df6bba"><a href="dws_06_0195.html">DROP INDEX</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ra55c1907f76e4fd090eef11efb25a4af"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a219c079d587342d2aa29cf6c3a5bb36c">Rebuild an index</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.7.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a3caf6bd0f5f3456eb0805707a5f8cce8"><a href="dws_06_0218.html">REINDEX</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s322273cef4e94340aac9cc68b0fe23f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Role</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aee8f73e36d7945db8e8e702d0d3ae4de">A role is used to manage rights. For database security, all management and operation rights can be assigned to different roles. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t0a5374b4d10a4952a269f8de16f76be7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 6 </b>SQL statements for defining a role</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r7b7eedbf94d94674a1fbb55654f99a8d"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a12f039ca0bcb4540aa4c75f223c7daa7">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a51bcecc0e2a9498ca2a8cb9e4f4e9663">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r358dc18299f84d9ab70e9eecbacf4b66"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__adad22db76d0a4ef28611038ad2a797ae">Create a role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2ec3460e43ac44b38d87f8457daf5863"><a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r0195e1a020d744b0b585ed5441e18133"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__af26ecad164a947938e7fe31029b30fcf">Alter role attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1dbf490e66a243c18660ec14d2108a77"><a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r943cfefff41745689407641ffe4b126c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a11ed3988cd314591974111911d71356d">Delete a role</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.8.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a306f0063671e41b188f0611bac44e038"><a href="dws_06_0203.html">DROP ROLE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s3e9566f5f5ac4e85bd8529280d1cde9a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a User</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ae5e0729c5f484c89a9a77b8cc1b0a228">A user is used to log in to a database. Different rights can be assigned to users for managing data accesses and operations of users. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t86e3794f6fa9403fbcb0fb849f9f731b" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 7 </b>SQL statements for defining a user</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rd5f66e5819184f069d459695727f4764"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1769702d1cf44e8f9a1d2d5a2627f202">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a42345d060eb2492cb026be01fe3d1207">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__re079e40debef4e0fbc40594354944286"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2fb5c7dab6524c298ae7bf8bead0a5d0">Create a user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__abf45be7ed17747c3b66cf7ced88ebfb4"><a href="dws_06_0186.html">CREATE USER</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rf01f115e90274ef899038a807d1b6933"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa1ae708f7c6c4f069d2a1b14bc0bc465">Alter user attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__af4cdd49b8dc54b728634f18cfe3f9d8a"><a href="dws_06_0149.html">ALTER USER</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rff3407218e364ea68b68259dfc3f2b7c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1d34a91982af43dbbfe82639762fa25f">Delete a user</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.9.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ab8fdeacfc5814e839b46cc9208784c4c"><a href="dws_06_0214.html">DROP USER</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__section249266806"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Redaction Policy</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p85061234107">Data redaction is to protect sensitive data by masking or changing data. You can create a data redaction policy for a specific table object and specify the effective scope of the policy. You can also add, modify, and delete redaction columns. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__table106998141330" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 8 </b>SQL statements for managing redaction policies</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row2700151418337"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p97001214193319">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p7700214183314">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row66081312115214"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p16701111493311">Create a data redaction policy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p15452202815333"><a href="dws_06_0168.html">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row2700141493319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p17700111413333">Modify a data redaction policy applied to a specified table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p6422424133317"><a href="dws_06_0132.html">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1470121416334"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1287082155213">Delete a data redaction policy applied to a specified table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.10.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p15716193011338"><a href="dws_06_0199.html">DROP REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__section91161561514"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining Row-Level Access Control</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p68451754394">Row-level access control policies control the visibility of rows in database tables. In this way, the same SQL query may return different results for different users. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__table114541854551" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 9 </b>SQL statements for row-level access control</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1445445419511"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p845411541654">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1145411548519">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1045413544515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p5454205415512">Create a row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p358426485"><a href="dws_06_0169.html">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row64548541514"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p645511540512">Modify an existing row-level access control policy</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p2511262820"><a href="dws_06_0135.html">ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1545517541158"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p48721529133312">Delete a row-level access control policy from a table</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.11.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1443626586"><a href="dws_06_0200.html">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s2660446a9bf246c781de36877f5b4903"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Stored Procedure</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ab024bac39aca4d109b41822c1659f270">A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements for achieving specific functions and is stored in the database after compiling. Users can specify a name and provide parameters (if necessary) to execute the stored procedure. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__te61f3d1699cc42d19551d620dd65af72" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 10 </b>SQL statements for defining a stored procedure</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rc738d285bb864947afcd3137f52db165"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ac520735d25a74eefbcbccb9982f2d366">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a0c06699dffc942188a5a0249d06f076d">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r34791fe7465d46c68a1355c3e1be5fd8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a5b30f901a6714bd8919d9220bacdece4">Create a stored procedure</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a66579cd2424e48dca14bbf07d52ad260"><a href="dws_06_0170.html">CREATE PROCEDURE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rc9a846bd9b104161874508cd9737cdad"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa6e5862f9495407aaadfe86f366c3f9e">Delete a stored procedure</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.12.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a8714ff25c346424fb8ec46b320a3c40a"><a href="dws_06_0201.html">DROP PROCEDURE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s76f0ba1c004c470fa612e9ba6532be6f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a58c75b3df623405e97e8f25ad46b0769">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__text1835396128">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, a function is similar to a stored procedure, which is a set of SQL statements. The function and stored procedure are used the same. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__tba03e302dfa441f3a0cb2cfa5763cabb" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 11 </b>SQL statements for defining a function</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r7614c230d0a348eda5656b9c96a0b2f7"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ad809f1653607428c9570889684d755c1">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a4aa7e5f1a65244a192b145f1d1a0bb0c">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r5e5805e225994886b856f232b74bfc9c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a324ab45fc36848e88fa63c53bb2d7cfb">Create a function</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2441630735cb4991b085ba2238d1e125"><a href="dws_06_0163.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r271dbcf5b00547e98bf1eca2cc2bf2ba"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a19190f3a1d494429b58a4c5abbb8ff9c">Alter function attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a19482e118a8249d883f6cf2f02d2ef33"><a href="dws_06_0126.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r969d82d39acb4e8d9c9f2728363548c6"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ad1c7f8652c15445293f9d3d3f69a5369">Delete a function</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.13.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a6f5bc4070c564e91a3348ba19abc5e15"><a href="dws_06_0193.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s00a056ac85f043b8bac9937eff9822fd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a View</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a9ff7bc9f92e647809b76dd220e5e1093">A view is a virtual table exported from one or several basic tables. The view is used to control data accesses for users. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t0c59b79c0d074aef9c545669117914f0" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 12 </b>SQL statements for defining a view</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rcb6bd9a7def0492b8fe41dc6f7392800"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a8e0947c1ff494f6db1055711edb254ff">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2e96afdb4b1b483b84976df58b30edf8">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r7c432a8333f648f49feb2c7358a90232"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2e0af6007966481ba0c77d3c30cb3483">Create a view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aeed12038dcfd4b1fbe746d85cddada2e"><a href="dws_06_0187.html">CREATE VIEW</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rbacccd7c77974fc7b0ea63d989df5fb5"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a89697f888f2d4b7cb39339ed88300a49">Delete a view</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.14.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a7a108d10c1b948db9356a3e6444ab88c"><a href="dws_06_0215.html">DROP VIEW</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__sb2fc82b674c04543847575fcd6c7db69"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Cursor</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__afda5d59c589d4a03843c173bed86c8e3">To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store context association. Cursors are handles or pointers to context regions. With a cursor, the stored procedure can control alterations in context areas.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t4a1a0bc788e24031a48dedb6808baf45" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 13 </b>SQL statements for defining a cursor</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r33270421feef402e98ad947d00be6441"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aab4333ef6b3a411497653a230d15e201">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a1c4ab220a0f946928c01fe1f512ea969">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rb223669954554573b20cde22a67b1cb1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a891f48fb77ef43b4be1080282bac3a9f">Create a cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__abb6d4582fe7e44beb998deffc4318c04"><a href="dws_06_0188.html">CURSOR</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r02b9d7e57e1247f2a626e1d9e62dbb8c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a0c6067cc70b84a25b1adbcbe6c8f39b4">Move a cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__afde40b74833d4812a89863fc06eb062f"><a href="dws_06_0217.html">MOVE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r64a3cc3515a6485aaf583c272333595b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a2be8013c4033403bb4ada67ead259bee">Extract data from a cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aad56d07ddab8417e8dbb937dd2f3fa99"><a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r8c000cf3713741d797994953b87153f1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a500891ac3faa4c699a2ef481ff8d2122">Close a cursor</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.15.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a30aec0292e204986b157604de6862dd4"><a href="dws_06_0152.html">CLOSE</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s7111e73b132c43fc880162d024a7a6fb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Altering or Ending a Session</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a9abace65ea2448a4afdc6c52b848079e">A session is a connection established between the user and the database. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__t376638327e7a456cafe1ceaac5fd27dd" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 14 </b>SQL statements related to sessions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rd098e32a597540f397aa4aba2b856edf"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__af5ab8e5a3dc24c6ba1d1f8f2da8b571a">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a7be97ac81cfa4c6fa2731340af87a821">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r42ec211e6ef64e608964f8b11fc6bf60"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__af239f33a6e794fc9a9e5a121d86b773f">Alter a session</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ae9ff26f2ea04459cbcd0b76904f9064c"><a href="dws_06_0139.html">ALTER SESSION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r1faa56cc86c64ab586be96a84515e53c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a5bb257046ee04570bf996e4fc81d2599">End a session</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.16.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a52eea870e7a941cd9eb3790f75cc8d52"><a href="dws_06_0141.html">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__s38e48daaae6c487d9d68f7c509e3c17a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Resource Pool</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aa6dc4af7532c42ffb3a6ac2b1ef6e48f">A resource pool is a system catalog used by the resource load management module to specify attributes related to resource management, such as Cgroups. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__te1d4296f36fe447299ccd0cd4bcf1014" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 15 </b>SQL statements for defining a resource pool</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r71784bbf36dc4a83abf87f4bd7620981"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ad2dd75a23bc14916b61ed4aa1fd07347">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__adc587bf9c7f347ee9ff9c8c6cd2f1fd0">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r99f385797d66487fabf081491553622b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a98501a6956454cca931ec20c6f34d7dc">Create a resource pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__ac951377c1c73475d8fd64c7bba9c4268"><a href="dws_06_0171.html">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__r0c3ac5ef8a0d4f149c97305a02d31161"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a57e9085b810d458eb82a549cd781e6f5">Change resource attributes</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a77286f0208544ab4a04370ab39edb1e5"><a href="dws_06_0133.html">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__rb0f56cfef3da46f49612bf885e06c8ec"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__aea58ac8b21394adfbafbce202a960c8c">Delete a resource pool</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.17.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a41499e66e4cb49d1bb27dfde8bd19f73"><a href="dws_06_0202.html">DROP RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__section12587204754114"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining Synonyms</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p7469648114119">A synonym is a special database object compatible with Oracle. It is used to store the mapping between a database object and another. Currently, only synonyms can be used to associate the following database objects: tables, views, functions, and stored procedures. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__table9469548134115" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 16 </b>SQL statements for managing synonyms</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row947074844119"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p8470134874115">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1347015487412">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row4470648134115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p447084824116">Creating a synonym</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p184703482418"><a href="dws_06_0176.html">CREATE SYNONYM</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row147010484415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p247084813410">Modifying a synonym</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p2047012489414"><a href="dws_06_0140.html">ALTER SYNONYM</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row7470134854117"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p184700483417">Deleting a synonym</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.18.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p144701248134119"><a href="dws_06_0207.html">DROP SYNONYM</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__section1050519210121"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining Text Search Configuration</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__a82941569dbc94ab48da28a3df7516705">A text search configuration specifies a text search parser that can divide a string into tokens, plus dictionaries that can be used to determine which tokens are of interest for searching. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__table435214213136" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 17 </b>SQL statements for configuring text search</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row15353172111310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p15353132171316">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p83531201315">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row435317211311"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p435318220131">Create a text search configuration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p7315718131315"><a href="dws_06_0182.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row535411291310"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p3354228138">Modify a text search configuration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p173132182138"><a href="dws_06_0145.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1035417241313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p83541328139">Delete a text search configuration</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.19.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p20309191811314"><a href="dws_06_0210.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__section13406557131313"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Full-text Retrieval Dictionary</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p55141914483">A dictionary is used to identify and process specific words during full-text retrieval. Dictionaries are created by using predefined templates (defined in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b13408132117184">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</strong> system catalog). Dictionaries of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b5408102191819">Simple</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b2408921141817">Ispell</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b54082212183">Synonym</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b17408142110189">Thesaurus</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__b1240962117186">Snowball</strong> types can be created. The following table lists the related SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__table79771811101417" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 18 </b>SQL statements for a full-text search dictionary</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row1297714119149"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p8977111151416">Function</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p597716112145">SQL Statement</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row79771511111413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p169781011101410">Create a full-text retrieval dictionary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p119781711201410"><a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row997810116143"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p1097821141411">Modify a full-text retrieval dictionary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p13978171116140"><a href="dws_06_0146.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__row797861181415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p4978141131411">Delete a full-text retrieval dictionary</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.20.3.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710845__p397816114143"><a href="dws_06_0211.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s838d89a72a6f4d7d9c0f9e49f477329c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a64cec0174a7f4190a28d9ea601fabfc8">This command is used to modify the attributes of a database, including the database name, owner, maximum number of connections<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ph18473165319522">, and object isolation attribute</span>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__sa23aa140f6fc4376b9d411fb5ddf5c19"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ul887132913315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li104602311533">Only the owner of a database or a system administrator has the permission to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b67361845132817">ALTER DATABASE</strong> statement. Users other than system administrators may have the following permission constraints depending on the attributes to be modified:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ul014713351537"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li188772914318">To modify the database name, you must have the CREATEDB permission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li68911291534">To modify a database owner, you must be a database owner and a member of the new owner, and have the CREATEDB permission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li15896291831">To change the default tablespace, you must be a database owner or a system administrator, and must have the CREATE permission on the new tablespace. This statement physically migrates tables and indexes in a default tablespace to a new tablespace. Note that tables and indexes outside the default tablespace are not affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li2090129333">Only a database owner or a system administrator can modify GUC parameters for the database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li199018441317">Only database owners and system administrators can modify the object isolation attribute of a database.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li959412388319">You are not allowed to rename a database in use. To rename it, connect to another database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li1836853934014">Database compatibility cannot be modified, it can only be specified during database creation. For details, see the section "CREATE DATABASE" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__i48556654332057">SQL Syntax Reference</em></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s6c35b8923bb449a9a70a2abe4e4dff0a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__u7887814581494e7194af41b661fb32cd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lc88868471f494b04adfa724b799d8ac1">Modify the maximum number of connections of the database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s96352857e0e945e6a9e1ca25f70a8da2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lc0952a1a6688483f8aaa168525723bf2">Rename the database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__sddb0fff79b064520bc93a920bd84ac28"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__note14577204919157"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p15577174919157">If the database contains OBS hot or cold tables, the database name cannot be changed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lda8cb0ca32654731b6b1fd9932e48d6b">Change the database owner.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s1cf924f510a24ca5a539795a7e257643"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l4c7791aa09fc4f11b8ed462136807123">Change the default tablespace of the database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s07373d7baefa44d785e3321d6fd60af6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_tablespace</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__note467417343812"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p667511323817">The current tablespaces cannot be changed to OBS tablespaces.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l9d5e1ce7d62146f2a5a0adedde180773">Modify the session parameter value of the database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s1f881be614714462ab53d9ad797f7bcd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lc4fe2d9b315e4b3bafee29e55ca68d9d">Reset the database configuration parameter.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s4d52e42cdfb04f8d87107c8c93b35f95"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ul3682203511284"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li142571039112815">Modify the object isolation attribute of a database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen6258133919283"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRIVATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OBJECT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__note1454715833215"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ul195511931922"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li1255111311824">To modify the object isolation attribute of a database, the database must be connected. Otherwise, the modification will fail.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__li14551133111217">For a new database, the object isolation attribute is disabled by default. After this attribute is enabled, common users can view only the objects (such as tables, functions, views, and columns) that they have the permission to access. This attribute does not take effect for administrators. After this attribute is enabled, administrators can still view all database objects.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__s4f953a5b708c40d6ba7643477e86c1af"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__u9a8ffe5ee34146a2b0c30dc785d383fb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__le6fce7d14f044f9d87cdd4f294b95ffe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a0b38a4a8d5724a5faf0063dfaf702bde">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a196054efcea347288cebb27b7febd658">Specifies the name of the database whose attributes are to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__af5fa754be3f04e30b401c8ea17fe613f">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lfbc5546570464b74b12f535ccc6bfe28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_ae694aee3ed974ee59ed0eccaa62e20af">connlimit</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ae7985e1ee1784234990705ded038176b">Specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be made to this database (excluding administrators' connections).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a48f3d4b9ab204478961f2cd689142291">Value range: The value must be an integer, preferably between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b94416093793722">1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b173696900593722">50</strong>. The default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b10668526974211">-1</strong> indicates no restrictions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l62e488f89fa54a1ea22c358feb6e9820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a92fdc429dc4b401fa06905881b461ccb">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__af3b7cff0f2294f4b8c69a5837b6c35e3">Specifies the new name of a database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ae2fa98fbf64a4b449b80dd211c1c3c17">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l46a518098c2642cb8a3f09609b93f21c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a562112f4891b45de8d430b1693ac7a43">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a35bc70d0d5424a4a8d36d57b149c95fc">Specifies the new owner of a database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a634fa77a048c435180553fd00c3efd0c">Value range: a string indicating a valid user name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l75b0332b8eec43d5af138c5e9f59b23d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a187c9602051347fda59e72bab0356b42">configuration_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__aa1ef7e35bb92425e841ca7ec6e54f10c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a920fa55cf6764b72a5e729e484aabacb">value</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ab705c11fe9b548d2bc7ac5fd38e27e98">Sets a specified database session parameter. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b2549226914211">DEFAULT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b381090914211">RESET</strong>, the default setting is used in the new session. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b6462783654211">OFF</strong> closes the setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a5777c8022de04a4dae680023296a9fd7">Value range: a string. It can be set to:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ua03acdbb60b54fe497e9c786b5859550"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l9d5189145da44f4693cb505eb2cd1dc7">DEFAULT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l0c769078ee4c46d8b6f7e8cd108e849d">OFF</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__la884d0f020ed49ed8fd0759f952c8697">RESET</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lc1d9a12a20f447f1baac565055163b95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a1cf4c642a3ac49d48fc92a299a85b634">FROM CURRENT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__aa3cba12fe6404318a203c7688b8ab2d4">Sets the value based on the database connected to the current session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__ld074fc7112ea4c8a9ef9f240fffffd2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a846a7bab96674628ba868752192431b3">RESET configuration_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__a1603cda6602e45f281f3fce63b6b6b92">Resets the specified database session parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__lf9ccc37c320a461c8d0e3ba31bc2358c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__en-us_topic_0059779247_a2ba0b409ab5640a493acb547dfbe1530">RESET ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__af9e4d048fd86414d87715d1e9b8447ed">Resets all database session parameters.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__nc186f6ca806541d7b99b13c94c5088b4"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__u504aabff473f4d309847a07cbd02b055"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__l1eaf9d4f7e1348228cfd72bb597e4416">Modifies the default tablespace of a database by moving all the tables or indexes from the old tablespace to the new one. This operation does not affect the tables or indexes in other non-default tablespaces.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__la936ea9bf1c34ec6a20b6772976f5c49">The modified database session parameter values will take effect in the next session.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__se78b7860c04f4abda702554fdd468666"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p1042620519541">Modify the number of connections of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b1410154812242">music</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen107141962582"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p41281429547">Change the name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b1342713902515">music</strong> database to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b1765914082518">music1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen69841724404"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p17105105755415">Change the owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b1091515512510">music1</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen490605620013"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tom</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p739424155512">Modify the tablespace of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b7426101402618">music1</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen198291320116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_DEFAULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p166719429553">Disable the default index scan on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b19189756152817">music1</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen19471636714"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_indexscan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__p470785720559">Reset the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b323171314297">enable_indexscan</strong> parameter of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__b323121332916">music1</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__screen1473733914116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_indexscan</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__sd8ac9dafd2d643c0887457d080783501"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150740__afa580a5fb9e248148e23c72cc64e9d76"><a href="dws_06_0156.html">CREATE DATABASE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0189.html">DROP DATABASE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0123.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0123.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..039968eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0123.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s26b72b1858a44a5984f0fa6d9a84a67c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__ae0128647c2ba4636aa6dfcf1ca144d9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__b1413900204011">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</strong> modifies a foreign table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__sa59cc6cc8a984fd197fefdd1473b4d11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__ac7442e4e9fb44c3fbc73c718a3dc12ce">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s3f9d958138244c4385543e5644eb82e6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__uad6e9814236f47a7b03fec657b5a42f6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__lc8276a40978b4ae08de491947deda8d2">Set the attributes of a foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s559f66636c2b404f9d0ca71ce44b8bb8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'value'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__lf22f8a701a9840109aac94d27bd6ce08">Set a new owner.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s226ab8de9c9b4110b4900a71f69c2026"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s3af932ca438d4159985b0e2e173ebf9d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__ue04df989bfb94df7b21de1f71b56727c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__l5751924bad3741048de7fe0c54fa52c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__ab68e5e9f40424175ad0b48ba2394ab66">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a260f54a4ce2948f9b5c6fde471f1828a">Specifies the name of an existing foreign table to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__ace53be82edf1469496ab7847cfe92246">Value range: an existing foreign table name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__l876b51e0d1f94566bc57e6ef35948c17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a8c3094828b9a401ba6fa53e55526b798">option</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a44b04795e5194d0aaf9cb0f6d2e777ca">Name of the option to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a443d9ec1164f4ff4bfbc78ea86b80533">Value range: See <a href="dws_06_0159.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s949bbfb7d67e4891ac3744b6ecf3bb2a">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__en-us_topic_0085032468_b84235270610562">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__l7b3eb7d573c345b795328479824cbcac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__aa964267e49e84048895d8a116f841b9f">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a82cc51a116dd42d5b28c97ac3b4d3c05">Specifies the new value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__b84235270622312">option</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__sb6bdf3156b4c4f63ba96b161ff6e7d56"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__p196526712341">Modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__b12170123312395">customer_ft</strong> attribute of the foreign table. Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__b10871502397">mode</strong> option.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__screen92479550349"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_ft</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">options</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">drop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mode</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__s24a4b2c38f5f4153ba492bc8ba7b2192"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910807__a930cb8b630c04d0eb1a376994081155d"><a href="dws_06_0159.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0124.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0124.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..195e6dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0124.html
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s57d9dea5dbcc42f99062788434d82299"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a47d757137be04837825173873fee3169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b45056406587">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</strong> modifies an HDFS or OBS foreign table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s861dac7b5c7540e981f240b4e2052507"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a77d15996bd3441748940cf27e467f3c7">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s3bdb4f4f0c5e46f9a35c5474f6f70328"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__u422e1e0147eb4c56bff87df31e45fe64"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__li6231005817">Set a foreign table's attributes.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__screen2698157143714"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'value'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__lfe824ba5ff7d4542b622906e7b55e254">Set the owner of the foreign table. <div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s966b3a866d70485aba4c008f698b25d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__u7fc1210afd50402386666da17bec66cf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__li32675510236">Update a foreign table column.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__screen92677582318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__lbf72c4436dc44e1a9121a763cbbd1933">Modify the column of the foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__sa78ca5c3396246ecab4037da344b190d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__ad4db2804f12342ecbafd9a80ebfd839e">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b842352706151610">action</strong> syntax is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__se1721bacc9994f758f0c887baf765aef"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PERCENT</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'value'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a1599ea094fec4833b43a542a8191fb4f">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__u8a720e46d32341198eddc7703383adc2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__l7c09c8b298f44aeb859abf7fac5fd0a5">Add a foreign table informational constraint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s9373c90dcfc44d0cbb346f697f3263d0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__aa5e86761566b4d23b4cca70cf6f5c52c">For parameters about adding an informational constraint to a foreign table, see <a href="dws_06_0161.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s755e54aa01f04a4bb44806bedcebdab4">Parameter Description</a> in CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (For HDFS).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__lf232a47367ad40b7af69aba2c5778aaf">Remove a foreign table informational constraint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s44d98c3f413346038e6082b1557280b7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s8d3b0090816744e0930e0822d5fecf52"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__u2e3e97100b674198861630b36097eea3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__lc090ec05ae614b80bb9a948ff687df30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a4f5e121e8fd44f13b17b8ca1f0baf56e">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a946799bc5a344c06a13bc7eaafb69f3a">Sends a notification instead of an error if no tables have identical names. The notification prompts that the table you are querying does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__l4c856c90264e468d9da12896cbc1c9bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a9fe2c3d20fcc4f46ae16956951a19b57">tablename</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a3c0e0a8fd76c470b8ce3adea09458b04">Specifies the name of an existing foreign table to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a228f763fd7294819bf1b8ae4c4e6b271">Value range: an existing foreign table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__la431a241fb884e978368fac8ae651cb8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a2956e43b807e4d8c8678c6fc21d1eb7d">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__aef96857125184eb0bc1148614f0cef26">Specifies the new owner of the foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a382c49b508a1408191caac61acb7b374">Value range: A string indicating a valid user name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__l60a667e05b4a4e338ad57c6893d0b29c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a139964500cdf4867bc88b79536e5723d">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__abaffb1368e444d87bfa3ddffe400ed17">Specifies the new type for an existing column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__aaa50010abd8044599f8ce6008745d607">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__l028f6921451f49c79cd0bbca438f4e63"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a0c77878df1b64a899f4821d555c12ea4">constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a3d3ec317d80b4b26863667110b6128e8">Specifies the name of a constraint to add or delete.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__l7934fd585bab45fab0ae1de3ad4f852f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a71bd69b0d3924157b2b72dc56ec3cad7">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a75d114e97f434d58aa4e18d9f158ed35">Specifies the name of an existing column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__adcf3931271674d37b5526c4615db3d23">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a382eb5a22139409093f2df1c223000d0">For details on how to modify other parameters in the foreign table, such as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b55021224152911">IF EXISTS</strong>, see <a href="dws_06_0142.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s3e87132692794964b56e3ba420e7b544">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b4508192416296">ALTER TABLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s8302a739997543e0a22f9ee43ce9bfbf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s8302a739997543e0a22f9ee43ce9bfbf"></a><a name="s8302a739997543e0a22f9ee43ce9bfbf"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__p8201113016286">Change the type of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b619212281406">r_name</strong> column to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b1843625774020">text</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b169012106413">ft_region</strong> foreign table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__screen153383711284"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__p10983174219405">Run the following command to mark the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b5649422184213">r_name</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b1847293004216">ft_region</strong> foreign table as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__b4709734174219">not null</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__sa9ac0c08bc1f43158b422d0124578c2d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s1d9765c9720a460b8998648bc43a7744"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__a7c561b868acc4347abaf995a4278a1a0"><a href="dws_06_0161.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0126.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0126.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfd270c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0126.html
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER FUNCTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s0213cde7e4d84cf2aff83d6897cb4160"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aef5d0abc6f274e17803b890a3b4445a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b7389144719211">ALTER FUNCTION</strong> modifies the attributes of a customized function.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s29e588dc38964f9a9933c5bebd443033"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p21666797145042">Only the owner of a function or a system administrator can run this statement. If a function involves operations on temporary tables, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b1817181193715">ALTER FUNCTION</strong> cannot be used.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s6e9c663e91684282b6f7697549b3e2f8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ude82242444ad4d8c9b91b9c8cb7c33fc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ld4ace1a4b6694dbd9c34b1846b7c7786">Modify the additional parameter of the customized function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__sefe31fbc90fb40de90df06912cae5b67"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ab4621c803f174190ae843c657146696d">The syntax of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b84235270621107">action</strong> clause is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s796b61c9112a47e79d78a544591208ad"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CALLED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VOLATILE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LEAKPROOF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INVOKER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execution_cost</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_rows</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l2fb90f492c5740158af6e305f1865c65">Modify the name of the customized function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s128502a3a38a4dd492418e8db8118daf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">funname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l833620e488254177ba498fd25a468504">Modify the owner of the customized function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s6a99f639f9b54f53ad172d871e30371a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">funname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lc82ed64fc791417db5ccbfae28210a1a">Modify the schema of the customized function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s9b6407b967524a17aed2166e5b0d238c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">funname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s1d8efaf4663848839cccbe6992e74a57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__u81c4e8b7351b4779a41d6c031cbb9486"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__le4836f02ff8d44138ccbfb9453e3880d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ae263799f45c74592b446940bba891a4f">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ab04fb4f83e134b4082b8daf6495fa626">Specifies the function name to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a3d1677a2f3e34cc79f59c77d1a719c42">Value range: An existing function name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l7fd84b6669964ff68b78d99b8ad9c231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a404a9b8728f643e2835495d2be8b300f">argmode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a780fc2fa12194385a8fc47717764a660">Specifies whether a parameter is an input or output parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a84055016b9544df38926b6cbdf376997">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b8236467103734">IN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b63174119103734">OUT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b16830015103734">IN OUT</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l15f483275cb941619257e41f9d55e810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a37c0e604117040eea868fdf53c9192a6">argname</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a7560315719cf4f34afee789f6f9601a4">Indicates the parameter name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a576a2c80b4334a9c8d6051a4816a5bf0">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l92bd41f1e2504eb99ca8a94f436be4b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a5b20aa7e4efa4a3d8716ee75dd9c4169">argtype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aefd88ce46b6f446785f87b2e7ee7e43f">Specifies the parameter type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__adb055c3fb9804cab855a0b9702cf7122">Value range: A valid type. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l8db5ba3f06dc4c8195cd2139a8045f73"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a290e7f00988840d4a031ff510ecb773a">CALLED ON NULL INPUT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a96bae6cb981a40ca9a829fcd89702b6b">Declares that some parameters of the function can be invoked in normal mode if the parameter values are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b140546266017272">NULL</strong>. By default, the usage is the same as specifying the parameters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l81ba887b59d546cfaac0a2cb67c3f92f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ad8aa0e58c1fe4c85a275358d48e293ff">RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aa1fb4219ebd947e0a8fa8fe38d8d195b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a15e228e74cb2446c8d8110a33e7bc0d9">STRICT</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a4178d62204994b1aad7b596832fc56da">Indicates that the function always returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b595248359421">NULL</strong> whenever any of its arguments are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b659614749421">NULL</strong>. If this parameter is specified, the function is not executed when there are null arguments; instead a null result is assumed automatically.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a914b6f3c60d2410daf1bb5a742e4292f">The usage of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b544294742115">RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT</strong> is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b8443847142116">STRICT</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l46028f7c3d714aa6888c8b5c4a531753"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__abacbf523363c42a580cb42fb4bebe0ac">IMMUTABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a3256390bcf6b42b9bb878dabc40cf26f">Indicates that the function always returns the same result if the parameter values are the same.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l2068b0ea17624c9b81f959aaaa38c1f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aba2b09f5864642c88091bee7d7b56984">STABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a937add02f9ff42788bb7faea9408e15c">Indicates that the function cannot modify the database, and that within a single table scan it will consistently return the same result for the same parameter values, but that its result varies by SQL statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lbe364bf39fb644e8b2748cbd871a9917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ad4549a384f3e46aca3149a6b89c32ed6">VOLATILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aad0926cbddec4cf7b9147fbfad091552">Indicates that the function value can change in one table scanning and no optimization is performed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__li11812123132615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b168441114182618">SHIPPABLE</strong></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__li618718132612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b4516519192613">NOT SHIPPABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p45941435258">Indicates whether the function can be pushed down to DNs for execution.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p259418437254">Functions of the IMMUTABLE type can always be pushed down to the DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p115941043172511">Functions of the STABLE or VOLATILE type can be pushed down to DNs only if their attribute is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b86569481074">SHIPPABLE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l6cd380b6005d4032b10f3f060f0825f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a4e7e94720584478eb8ce2a7578ec2e72">LEAKPROOF</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aec107291a1cf48ef8d373e83f9dd5580">Indicates that the function has no side effect and specifies that the parameter includes only the returned value. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b146481281708">LEAKPROOF</strong> can be set only by the system administrator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lf3b07dc713b54914a5792ac37194a5a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a63f112fd759047f787b7f464fcb0cda5">EXTERNAL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a881aa3a13193412f8a56ffb9b3017a90">(Optional) The objective is to be compatible with SQL. This feature applies to all functions, including external functions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l1394f86001004c7ebeb6ef34c8c48ceb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a345e80c3cd2a4a05a51bdaa5e9c5fa01">SECURITY INVOKER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ae7b192e2386042c183e267613c5a40b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ade749d88dce94428b9dbc3cc11556d5c">AUTHID CURREN_USER</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a253a069e13404bf99f3e2d324eba57a1">Declares that the function will be executed according to the permission of the user that invokes it. By default, the usage is the same as specifying the parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a73ff151a00134bbc8460979abe9ef300"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b66388649421">SECURITY INVOKER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b597497839421">AUTHID CURREN_USER</strong> have the same functions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l26d38a9d1cd34d629383556559a0a60e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__aceb6e625a0614153a6d555b071ddb88a">SECURITY DEFINER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a5534db2c0eff48ccb2af5ec27258567e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a40b7f179899e4e00807120ba5a15d4d0">AUTHID DEFINER</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a697cffd27b444526a6c6ef25b7fb7a5f">Specifies that the function is to be executed with the permissions of the user that created it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a089542ceb31747df8a86eeec5be69838">The usage of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b5296950093526">AUTHID DEFINER</strong> is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b696345793526">SECURITY DEFINER</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lf05c3b77fb844dc681a6996e9cd091ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a93ad5ca02386426da98a8a7688a0e6a6">COST execution_cost</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a2215fb6836f44c2587f1a0bd3f034540">A positive number giving the estimated execution cost for the function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a897893e8ae0d41ca940e937eb3cb98c0">The unit of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b1801909104051">execution_cost</strong> is cpu_operator_cost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a0f1433740c5944ff97a42bb6a24197c8">Value range: A positive number.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l2694035eb7514b0b8674a1a7499a9250"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a4e35a02a674648b1be283f9307bd6561">ROWS result_rows</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a8cdca4f2d1ea4b44802fee7f8891090d">Estimates the number of rows returned by the function. This is only allowed when the function is declared to return a set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ad5df332414ba4021bf2029263a4fbdae">Value range: A positive number. The default is 1000 rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lf7486188b82746b6b8b1bd212cebaeb7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ad8efc8ddfc75407a88e0c50672d83752">configuration_parameter</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__u1fc7180c8d2148449531c2f40cb31138"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l43a2f2f982ec4a35a76f5605622be082"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a8e795454b0f54f84969d25cb02363f2d">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a6859d59e07ad48b19d51ef6bcc76ecb7">Sets a specified database session parameter to a specified value. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b1147211475212">DEFAULT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b104721747142111">RESET</strong>, the default setting is used in the new session. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b1747244732112">OFF</strong> closes the setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a83769e27894b44979b9c7a8a4f7331f2">Value range: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__u2b828e9e55d248f9a49cb42967f49d2e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__le2103c4f820345d5ae9c1814c38314d1">DEFAULT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l712e13afda8f4b139264c2062033808a">OFF</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__lf4253174167a48dda063288370f7708a">RESET</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ab917eed86710460d9f7888a521a5f32f">Specifies the default value.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l4e340b2259f1405fbc611311dc307fa7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a7ff05db235c943eb9da0e210dfad4b35">from current</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__af5fdc49c70d34b96baf07cef31c1a4fa">Uses the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b842352706205857">configuration_parameter</strong> of the current session.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l7ca95b227f664cc5b0bec5f1a5a67aa5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a0bbe489c2a0043ca994f9eb7fada8a9b">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a35c8a73e113b468886e3f33fde20b1af">Specifies the new name of a function. To change a function's schema, you must also have the CREATE permission on the new schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a0f72bbf8a285413fa2d76d0bff80ba6a">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l960c21406590416b80435ef2a6e07689"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__ad39f35f1fcf24989b988141bf84849dd">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a6120bc9f14654797a6595c90261c73bb">Specifies the new owner of a function. To alter the owner, the new owner must also be a direct or indirect member of the new owning role, and that role must have CREATE permission on the function's schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a0f9272214b0f49bbb338dc8630bbd1ee">Value range: Existing user roles.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__l1059beee8cd4453299332e2948129ce3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a664081e4738b42cf87c224c72e1b4a48">new_schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a0faf06028f4a4b9ea3bd76e7145f576e">Specifies the new schema of a function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a41ca645f0d894bcda1274a23a93dfe3f">Value range: Existing schemas.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__s3e71d9f4c2284f9ea887ad45270a002d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p19426850184110">Alter the execution rule of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b6382173144617">func_add_sql</strong> function to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b69211220462">IMMUTABLE</strong> (that is, the same result is returned if the parameter remains unchanged):</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__screen7639155594215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p15270139124213">Change the name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b174801514144614">func_add_sql</strong> function to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b54801214194610">add_two_number</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__screen20850762435"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_two_number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__p785532584214">Change the owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b52272525464">func_add_sql</strong> function to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__b75401589464"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__text6291163517422">dbadmin</span></strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__screen674818169419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_two_number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbadmin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__sfd1ea78952c04793822a35b4e92b3b63"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510903__a95e553d97d0b448aa7aaefbcbbb6cc43"><a href="dws_06_0163.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0193.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0127.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0127.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef4f892c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0127.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER GROUP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s2b569f7ceeb34d159c00791b542d0bae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__a6a5c8bd777b6465caabfca66bbdd5169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__b179193512420">ALTER GROUP</strong> modifies the attributes of a user group.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s0828c002b95d4eac891edf685b068480"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__p672421012476"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__b84235270683815">ALTER GROUP</strong> is an alias for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__b84235270683827">ALTER ROLE</strong>, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__b84235270683836">ALTER ROLE</strong> directly.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s178dcc2fcf4943dc82249d30c420ce2c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__u3d48078db4864d6f96ef2b5b7f60a414"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__lb2ccf5c954ba4e6581acef726c12101b">Add users to a group.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s35bc63badb264d3ebc9c312f325414da"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__ub8076defe4864949a3ee15ce7198da0f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__l7b31cbd6e5414d7e87f4a3c80fa842a0">Remove users from a group.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s5a3381e200b8479698f0f4a3ff846723"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__lae357166c37c403e8ae6ef0f5a2353e0">Change the name of the group.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s4d76893ad66d44cb8fbd4df8613cd2bb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__s8affef7510a146828146396c85eb84ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__ac6461dd00b4d48e88699781a5d73afa2">See the <a href="dws_06_0124.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830946__s8302a739997543e0a22f9ee43ce9bfbf">Example</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__b84235270612952">ALTER ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__sef42027b67f243759e583499e6ff3062"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150918__a987de6eb35124aa582eb20f241657e4a"><a href="dws_06_0164.html">CREATE GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0194.html">DROP GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0128.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0128.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e88935a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0128.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER INDEX</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s10299e85cbe847c39d0fde3a18effac6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p154343512513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b842352706121050">ALTER INDEX</strong> modifies the definition of an existing index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p36629087161054">There are several sub-forms:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__u48fe6dac5c1841e99276feefb60cef1e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li64843850155140">IF EXISTS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p49912669155149"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li64843850155140"></a><a name="li64843850155140"></a>If the specified index does not exist, a notice instead of an error is sent.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li30912795155157">RENAME TO<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p5490394915520"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li30912795155157"></a><a name="li30912795155157"></a>Changes only the name of the index. There is no effect on the stored data. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li2149457155226">SET (  { STORAGE_PARAMETER = value  }  [, ...] )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p3923349155229"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li2149457155226"></a><a name="li2149457155226"></a>Change one or more index-method-specific storage parameters. Note that the index contents will not be modified immediately by this command. You might need to rebuild the index with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b84235270693543">REINDEX</strong> to get the desired effects depending on parameters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li62260850155236">RESET (  { storage_parameter  }  [, ...] )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p36571309155238"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li62260850155236"></a><a name="li62260850155236"></a>Reset one or more index-method-specific storage parameters to the default value. Similar to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__en-us_topic_0058966167_b842352706214040">SET</strong> statement, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__en-us_topic_0058966167_b842352706214053">REINDEX</strong> may be used to completely update the index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li27113821155243">[ MODIFY PARTITION index_partition_name  ] UNUSABLE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p8825393155245"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li27113821155243"></a><a name="li27113821155243"></a>Sets the index on a table or index partition to be unavailable.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li43629588155249">REBUILD [ PARTITION index_partition_name ]<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p31802353155252"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li43629588155249"></a><a name="li43629588155249"></a>Recreates the index on a table or index partition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li44487309155255">RENAME PARTITION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p33702077155257"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li44487309155255"></a><a name="li44487309155255"></a>Renames an index partition.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s2a0d5557b2db4c8fbcaf8b6c7abdd41b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__ul183599575513"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__li20359185795116">Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run this statement.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s6cad206ae9ee4e3c905b7b9d2366fac4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__u84c8ed4f47d24119a6cbfc79079b4ab1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l1363a2b271214f64b25c8c08c34ac857">Rename a table index.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s0b5b5ed914f848048100b9c605d11fea"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__u051feca823704e2899df7988f72296db"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l818148acf2884b7684d8951b6f1443a1">Modify the storage parameter of a table index.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__sf403d925bece44bf9cc0da1dbfa41869"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__uf607d7b4079f4020aca2bc663bc63e53"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l7d9403c3ccfc43ed9cdcd78116c69e66">Reset the storage parameter of a table index.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s31f9576e207b4fd09cb7ec6dfbd4be72"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__uab5d05475dd540bd9d1b20d8bcfe56da"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l36ea39b11dfd4d5e9bd8f2592ec6c349">Set a table index or an index partition to be unavailable.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s833765699b324cbab7e1d05bd98afec0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNUSABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__n66d540cd81e44d20b2efe9e2d8f93532"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a3efb19dee84b45a08125c1a5dd52102f">The syntax cannot be used for column-store tables.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__u084e07066e604d11a0630508419d3633"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__lcdb1bada1502446080ede00a543fe55c">Rebuild a table index or index partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__sd11500f84ffc4b4cb0efb386ed33af7f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__uf9bd95afe2374be19235faa856239774"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l3295d5696dd040f09ccfa7c044c0c9d0">Rename an index partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__sacea3a0ca5a94f40b0036c83eb8288d8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_index_partition_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__note1634710268499"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p6347122618497"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b14490331376">PG_OBJECT</strong> does not support the record of the syntax when the last modification time of the index is recorded.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s52de0c19fcc349629b947d9dfad0c1ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__ueec0d2180da64393b504b0492497408b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__lb5a581cea2e9489b901d83488ea5ac83"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a321a7220147b4ce299c548770d8072b6">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a0d9ae1ad4d0c421daca43bcf5c26c1e6">Specifies the index name to be modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l80ccbdfa6cdd4958b588e31417249ddf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a81420552f83542e784f97a6c10cebfa0">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a58ae172da8b94eefbacc6145d6277724">Specifies the new name for the index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__aa3fd9f78e23d47f9875b02b9450b9ebb">Value range: a string that must comply with the identifier naming rules.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__lf39f468f02874ab1bfb87a809ad1eb4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a83f6000ed1964f65b3c055f1308fa79a">storage_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a79b7e4eaed3f472294a59fda2a664e6a">Specifies the name of an index-method-specific parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__lfadf25dffdfb49bea40baf43cfa9e23e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a9e4717661b8e4fda82d9f625f0a9d8bb">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a0398495b37474528b65bf8aa00d50a2e">Specifies the new value for an index-method-specific storage parameter. This might be a number or a word depending on the parameter. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l02c2c34e3a2c426880176247c7aa8242"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__adb41cc3e6dbd4047a8457876807bab20">new_index_partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__af8a53d9694db46f79747f19153a17693">Specifies the new name of the index partition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__l4307a4aa36e74b5c82729a8584baca28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a9f26ad23a6ea4abda78aca8e2a82df4b">index_partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__af322fb5c6e78473a99b5561f7bf1dcfb">Specifies the name of the index partition.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__sf3bd0e6fc9b746e3a1a6a7e6fbd53f24"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p1068716598379">Rename the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b20379172019535">ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</strong> index to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b845572575314">ds_ship_mode_t1_index5</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__screen1878795012510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p1377413333818">Set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b15697104318535">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</strong> index as unusable.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__screen1296012117521"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNUSABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p1045810103815">Rebuild the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__b163985675311">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</strong> index.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__screen126603005210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__p1251251706">Rename a partitioned table index.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__screen35241126883"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ds_customer_address_p1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK_index4</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__s63875c5c56534d2db6418ba5e306a898"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150942__a9f1920e5363d4187b2f67edfcc608a8d"><a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a>, <a href="dws_06_0195.html">DROP INDEX</a>, <a href="dws_06_0218.html">REINDEX</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0129.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0129.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdf8b3c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0129.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER LARGE OBJECT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__s83989afd3ac445fdbace30f6237084f4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a797c3da6e077447caadfd75ff5ad85b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__b18314151725719">ALTER LARGE OBJECT</strong> modifies the definition of a large object. It can only assign a new owner to a large object.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__s62446d4dacc4422d940e3df3ce962374"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a26d5ccfd19fa45679f1a339f00d6aff7">Only the administrator or the owner of the to-be-modified large object can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__en-us_topic_0058966307_b84235270620514">ALTER LARGE OBJECT</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__scf532d4b1a174b0ab4fae354260559bf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__s1e761fb0ed1f44488e02607758b52388"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LARGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OBJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">large_object_oid</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__sd650e7ad96584995964ea121eed46152"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__ub347ae830617496fbf2500786d9c5c7e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__l1a8e700bac804fc8b4597a4f60f6c915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__ac3def528dc1040deb2a837e7447c831a">large_object_oid</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a0bb27946a1f144729aca1563d8732a01">OID of a large object.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a9cae24c99fa84c4ea9b4e431e9740257">Value range: an existing large object name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__l5ffe02fff48b4f3c80ad49c1f4f89d60"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a1cebe3a29d5a42da9d17006adfeb3a87">OWNER TO new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__add751a340bcc4221a5c3f6afda084f98">New owner of a large object</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__aefac5c2c6fc24bae8487a97372800d08">Value range: an existing user name/role</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__s32ea8a3b64e54e74b8815cfb9e3919af"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910649__a8a2d60b93fc14b1c891d05d92f289b08">None.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0132.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0132.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ecb67a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0132.html
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body0000001125199825"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__se1c3f486ddc249bf88a6665ebb1755f8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__a2252e8d6585640c2a961739f92bab925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b69811711142210">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</strong> modifies a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__s45e5bcb791ea44aea14d5f73d6f0f95c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__ab968098694574d398abccd639f568bbf">Only the owner of the table to which the redaction policy is applied has the permission to modify the redaction policy.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__sb962574e3aca4aa293b4b146573d5cda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__ul15566184614483"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li1156617465480">Modify the expression used for a redaction policy to take effect.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__s5d9fde3fca18406caf398a9d37601b16"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_when_expression</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__ul1116710119492"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li581617145014">Enable or disable a redaction policy.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen1126317351508"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li2627137135016">Rename a redaction policy.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen1517125135115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_policy_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li916771113492">Add, modify, or delete a column on which the redaction policy is used.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen153101011155014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p9561113154812">There are several clauses of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b84235270611209">action</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen159517518497"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__section328515545337"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__ul10595352457"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__lfde7b0ce8c3c4a5db0f3b2fc758835d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b184593198556">policy_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p119651650115511">Specifies the name of the redaction policy to be modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li79943210555"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b19519104395516">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p198284885610">Specifies the name of the table to which the redaction policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li4869182475513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b1454154611557">new_when_expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p1437514117585">Specifies the new expression used for the redaction policy to take effect.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li1481192311562"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b8744152545811">ENABLE | DISABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p8759253195816">Specifies whether to enable or disable the current redaction policy.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__ul1234983712013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li128819351403">ENABLE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p175297472006"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li128819351403"></a><a name="li128819351403"></a>Enables the redaction policy that was previously disabled for the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li1384013401205">DISABLE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p124801344113"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li1384013401205"></a><a name="li1384013401205"></a>Disables the redaction policy currently applied to the table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li1876233412565"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b5682128155818">new_policy_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p13360153512112">Specifies the new name of the redaction policy.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li3325154215616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b244213015814">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p121701225332">Specifies the name of the table column to which the redaction policy is applied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p877813271522">To add a column, use a column name that has not been bound to any redaction functions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p75438498320">To modify a column, use the name of an existing column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p91101551644">To delete a column, use the name of an existing column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li390665017567"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b18518123515813">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p144512411251">Specifies the name of a redaction function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__li85969520517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b13590193705818">arguments</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p45961452055">Specifies the list of arguments of the redaction function.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__section1614144915295"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p650211413919">Modify the expression for the data redaction policy to take effect for all users.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen81311811174119"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p13501191415393">Disable the redaction policy.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen14951629124115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p1350191433912">Enable the redaction policy again.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen962018116424"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p55013148393">Change the redaction policy name to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b2561172419010">mask_emp_new</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen17571514219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp_new</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p3501614153914">Add a column with the redaction policy used.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen59251628144216"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_partial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p45001814183915">Modify the redaction policy for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b33501754208">name</strong> column. Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b035035414020">MASK_FULL</strong> function to redact all data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__b635195413013">name</strong> column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen1331944654219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_full</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p1949961413391">Delete an existing column where the redaction policy is used.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__screen4466195413424"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990968__p9325125517354"><a href="dws_06_0168.html">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0199.html">DROP REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__se1c3f486ddc249bf88a6665ebb1755f8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a2252e8d6585640c2a961739f92bab925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b225048348214826">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</strong> changes the Cgroup of a resource pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__s45e5bcb791ea44aea14d5f73d6f0f95c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ab968098694574d398abccd639f568bbf">Users having the ALTER permission can modify resource pools.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__sb962574e3aca4aa293b4b146573d5cda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__s5d9fde3fca18406caf398a9d37601b16"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">MEM_PERCENT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;group_name&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACTIVE_STATEMENTS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_DOP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MEMORY_LIMIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'memory_size'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io_limits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">io_limits</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io_priority</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'io_priority'</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__s9c19b6dafe4b4e2c8238e8930621ebe1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__uafca645403b546eb8d3dfba1d653b177"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__lfde7b0ce8c3c4a5db0f3b2fc758835d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__acb76367ef13341529adb187c9aa0765b">pool_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ad6abc158ac654e4695c2673e7abbb344">Specifies the name of the resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a50176d53e01349cfb042dd9b63039fab">The name of the resource pool is the name of an existing resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a57c751b7b8a14544aed1d4dc1b06da8d">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__l2c470ac321c04f80b92c477ac85e9a2f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ac2fd9399c4164bf9a765d30c0db4f582">group_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a66282ce0abb94e88917ed26a085c0a6c">Specifies the name of a Cgroup.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__n854e7ff13785477c96c823fb98fa88a5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ul163010165379"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__li06432111419">You can use either double quotation marks ("") or single quotation mark ('') in the syntax when setting the name of a Cgroup.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__l384b106dd30f4a719ae129a9e20500bc">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b26641282012">group_name</strong> is case-sensitive.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__l3c430dc33ec648cea99924fd80ac1934">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b84235270610637">group_name</strong> is not specified, the default value "Medium" is used. It is the "Medium" Timeshare Cgroup<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a05887f8aa5514cf988b16e5e693dc972">of the DefaultClass Cgroup.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__li34158216378">If a database user specifies the Timeshare string (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b35157415332">Rush</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b651594163316">High</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b5515104123310">Medium</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b1751534163317">Low</strong>) in the syntax, for example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b451584173318">control_group</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b55154413337">High</strong>, the resource pool will be associated with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b5515249332">High</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b351513443317">DefaultClass</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__acbd3b1d208bb483e8b5ed317932a8f19">Value range: an existing control group.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__l65cca0aebb20421b802c489e96910fd0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__afc58f2529b33484e90638ca3813bc0db">stmt</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__abd31cf7029a44d348f8883f0141a16a7">Specifies the maximum number of statements that can be concurrently executed in a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__af358215b6fdf46f5ada45bc0f15b844f">Value range: Numeric data ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b8423527061107">-1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b84235270611014">INT_MAX</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__lfa7f72d69265463b892b44ec1584902c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ac875fd4e84a34153aa8d78b9ad936738">dop</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a855815071ce9482a9b571eaa0b62e55d"> This is a reserved parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ac7accc73617e4d09838c7e11aac86c19">Value range: Numeric data ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b8423527061107">-1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b84235270611014">INT_MAX</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__lce5414ffcbeb4bd39c091bef6be29d7d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a45a572b6513a46cb8b2d57a189959d3d">memory_size</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a3626f8b4cd054a41b0d1979797e05151">Specifies the maximum storage for a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__ad72204eec616495d9fac8617e9078a6f">Value range: a string, from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b84235270619652">1KB</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b84235270619655">2047GB</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__lb51e049bcced47b2b2bb2a1acf784ed3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a014f23487f9141898c57feb4a9f6a1ad">mem_percent</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__afe86fd9bbd6346b5bd40cd4ede3ea561">Specifies the proportion of available resource pool memory to the total memory or group user memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__aecabb0647da240ac951c8b643d8dc098">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_b842352706113345">mem_percent</strong> for a common user is an integer ranging from 0 to 100. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__en-us_topic_0085031664_b842352706113359">0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__li45028228402"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b1097215485411">io_limits</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p585765620415">Specifies the upper limit of IOPS in a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p79461854124210">The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by 10 thousands for row storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__li128883004311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b72702043134311">io_priority</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p174443322283">Specifies the I/O priority for jobs that consume many I/O resources. It takes effect when the I/O usage reaches 90%.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p113574654310">There are three priorities: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b121913753712">Low</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b419157153720">Medium</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b41921720379">High</strong>. If you do not want to control I/O resources, set this parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b189271538114016">None</strong>, which is the default value.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__n6a93d431ae594f4e96bc5b63196f61cc"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p3478108183815">The settings of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b129375154818">io_limits</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b8942519486">io_priority</strong> are valid only for complex jobs, such as batch import (using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b41271043162914">INSERT INTO SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b17128843142911">COPY FROM</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b2129104302917">CREATE TABLE AS</strong>), complex queries involving over 500 MB data on each DN, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__b121291643172916">VACUUM FULL</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__sf1c0a555c4e442309929e318256fed6f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__p18414229192">Specify "High" Timeshare Workload under "DefaultClass" as the Cgroup for a resource pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__screen176031715191715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;High&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__sdcd88b1f797f43ffa7194d944f740043"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990664__a5b8f2bb10d5e462384dc9dae11930872"><a href="dws_06_0171.html">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</a>, <a href="dws_06_0202.html">DROP RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0134.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0134.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER ROLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s438c7acc15594b01a19de25a10af6fd3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a1794b554831c4a34923d59fd930ba88a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b1864121120315">ALTER ROLE</strong> changes the attributes of a role.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s211f01dae3ea41b79d14186bc4b0d603"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__p2866306816553">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s7a89ad90b0e14fd4b6795b2933b6141f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__u34882399dc39490d956f3d8793066cb5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__l4d24844da32d4ff59e399ffbab4a12c6">Modifying the Rights of a Role<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__sd75cb4125db749f9bd60c094be760608"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__abc6d864b072946de83bf32a55ea8eb19">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b52751610193218">option</strong> clause for granting rights is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s2befeea1124140be99ed0f29cb2004ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOCREATEDB</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCREATEROLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINHERIT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">AUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOAUDITADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOSYSADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOUSEFT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOLOGIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOREPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINDEPENDENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">VCADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOVCADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'old_password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'old_password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'respool'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'groupuser'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic_cluster_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'authinfo'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">period</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__ld34a0244c7bd4adf85beb3e6c84a50df">Rename a role.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__sa7037e9757c94879bccd0bf695e022f4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__la526b4a068b84bb6955063da37606a4a">Set parameters for a role.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__se69653b1898f45d5ae084ef0e6491c4f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__le4540947d78f440f9933c3ce4644ecaa">Reset parameters for a role.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s52f5594d820f4152be7d5d33d5aaacc5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__se56072ec00a3453892cbc30531d221f5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__u5cdf54e3ac344b51954e5fc9f98164b6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__lfe9830d3ce67470fb7b5a7ba5c927e04"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__ac7be7ca31aea4577b02cadeffd0db43c">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a07af84a745eb46cbba59e799fd5a8d6a">Indicates a role name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__ab530be191548485c800d22be06db917f">Value range: an existing user name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__la8299fbcb6f44a2b932d0ea4f95f77c7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a9994e26808c54cbcb66d4658bf06b190">IN DATABASE database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__aefb3e708b9eb4a0cb55783f6e7906df0">Modifies the parameters of a role on a specified database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__labac8f53dcaf49faa003cd9b98d4bd71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a57033c95ab9941abaaca24e1f23e89d3">SET configuration_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a362eb6e2d77743389d64cd15af263983">Sets parameters for a role. The session parameters modified using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b13631928113213">ALTER ROLE</strong> command is only for a specific role and is valid in the next session triggered by the role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a5834e0393cfa48378c9e5039ef5befcc">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__ae6ca6f7f956f48a689ebd6ad97f17112">Values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b14295193313217">configuration_parameter</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b183011633113216">value</strong> are listed in <a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a43437ce5337c480d8039443e75aa33dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b156771241143219">DEFAULT</strong> clears the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b166780414324">configuration_parameter</strong>. The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b867894133212">configuration_parameter</strong> parameter will inherit the default value of the new session generated for the role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a08d85ff03d7a4d77a632b5aaee77a821"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b286115430323">FROM CURRENT</strong> uses the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b138621143183217">configuration_parameter</strong> of the current session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__l560d5bd7dac5452996ced55709de98b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__af854a7e621a5430f87fcf0586e81b9b0">RESET configuration_parameter/ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a7505a85a2ea7416691249ecf7c7a1071">The effect of clearing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b52310331342">configuration_parameter</strong> value is the same as setting it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b118995352346">DEFAULT</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__afc4d24a1f9ae4593b1237351f5d1601f">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b11707143811343">ALL</strong> indicates that all parameter values are cleared.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__l41fdd6f1396e4c4389755bfe28553fe1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__aa4a39c1de77f4ad5af028a7a71fb3226">ACCOUNT LOCK | ACCOUNT UNLOCK</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__u81ca73f201a54afca136f91f07b5d018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__l22207a78ccfe44f99038a92cc0f30e7c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b787894233413">ACCOUNT LOCK</strong>: locks an account to forbid login to databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__l18b57765755a421e98bba77c4e7e1660"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b03871748203411">ACCOUNT UNLOCK</strong>: unlocks an account to allow login to databases.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__lefca4010894a4b1ab0be5341c74ee773"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a8b2876ebd29a400ab3847e6a15dc19fd">PGUSER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a1466898aec114bcfb2a14822cf885362"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b16257950193415">PGUSER</strong> of a role cannot be modified in the current version.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__a9dda2cd3e805409289801fd42da258c2">For details about other parameters, see <a href="dws_06_0172.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b57771753143416">CREATE ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__sdcffb2f1564c4889b1aa0419d8be83d9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__p1786964884810">Change the password of role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b15162132514552">manager</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__screen91221551185018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{old_password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__p188691748194810">Alter role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b79138577213">manager</strong> to a system administrator.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__screen47542235528"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__p8869194813487">Modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__b1248312131316">fulluser</strong> information of the LDAP authentication role.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__screen1493403695214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ldapcn=role2,cn=user2,dc=func,dc=com'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__p19869164816485">Change the validity period of the login password of the role to 90 days.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__screen8175105365211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__s877d7c2c5049447d9074eee4e1d216a8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990876__ac0520ec5f5dd468d86a974290eb122fa"><a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0203.html">DROP ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0135.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0135.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e588ac33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0135.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section196521854173211"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p9688122114409"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__b14407714412">ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</strong> modifies an existing row-level access control policy, including the policy name and the users and expressions affected by the policy.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section12765201893310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p4506162315333">Only the table owner or administrators can perform this operation.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section16798192723415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__s406f02107ea34794962476b1aeb9cde9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_policy_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">using_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section11851526346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__ul1797082105710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__l10d04a708e44432c8552ce5ae19edc79"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__i181301343115010">policy_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__aa7b5db6826fb4cb2b492870e9a57f6e9">Specifies the name of a row-level access control policy to be modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__ld8389117085641808615b13f1a9db00e"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__i1618534815509">table_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__a618a27d6c2d648e488b84233937ff15c">Specifies the name of a table to which a row-level access control policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__li16319425124416"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__i1766165619504">new_policy_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p52581226154415">Specifies the new name of a row-level access control policy.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__li514025194412"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__i1774193125115">role_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p1214035154417">Specifies names of users affected by a row-level access control policy will be applied. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__b1876615590451">PUBLIC</strong> indicates that the row-level access control policy will affect all users.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__li12432161113234"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__i1449515885115">using_expression</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p194321011172315">Specifies an expression defined for a row-level access control policy. The return value is of the boolean type.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section17979101023515"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p33110555294">Change the name of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__b179341301599">all_data_rls</strong> policy.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__screen107331623203114"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data_rls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data_new_rls</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p131111554292">Change the users affected by the row-level access control policy.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__screen15192185811306"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data_new_rls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bob</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p14310125516298">Modify the expression defined for the access control policy.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__screen33881529163011"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data_new_rls</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910873__p9325125517354"><a href="dws_06_0169.html">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0200.html">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0136.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0136.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2822f71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0136.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SCHEMA</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s27c57ef82c7b4944b09014aac5f06429"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__aa294ee5c393c42bf8e5bb6c9ecc9ca18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b119629017235646">ALTER SCHEMA</strong> changes the attributes of a schema.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s6c98c237e539413383325a777ed0f75a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p26534795155132">Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run this statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__sd37d6b1a796d41e5a806ef20c719825e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__u9270c80303aa4f39a5ac3a520d39eb37"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__ld37dafcd0e2440e68823a6264a0dcf16">Rename a schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__sc567b311b32641e183678b6221d8d9de"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__l2ee40ea2c07340848e6e35ace34f7c38">Changes the owner of a schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s626e6a8a81ba4743a520a0fa18b8c31c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__ul1517013256431"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__li1939814337438">Changes the storage space limit of the permanent table in the schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__screen1039853318437"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'space_limit'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s0191c80e5cb0437cb114af4c634251fd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__u6ca2b96c60b54897a301d102ad4062e8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__l61724f6acdf04bef9630a8ea48dd2467"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a9a231db7d5bd4073a0cb6119f6e44b4d">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a725f6c325d404a46b66596a24e9d8847">Indicates the name of the current schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a15a8753e8e2047c5a871350cee902e44">Value range: An existing schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__l0476b0085ebc484dbf3017668b779b4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__ac4ff9db7f68a44738f3a3c59a36b3e3c">RENAME TO new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a388b728c69524626ace06036adba9823">Renames a schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__aa383d4c09cbf460bb6a70df2ef52fcb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b152405205735646">new_name</strong>: new name of the schema</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a4f9e8f092a714f708964ec19da00150c">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__lbf7e69c75df24d37ad2922bb9d17e590"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a00070e9c7e5e42c88e4150bd8912eb28">OWNER TO new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__aabfaf2633a9841648c5d8beac87fdf30">Changes the owner of a schema. To do this as a non-administrator, you must be a direct or indirect member of the new owning role, and that role must have CREATE permission in the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a9c477a4f91884874a57b12961b7e8eac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b131375407135646">new_owner</strong>: new owner of a schema</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a1bea7a4519424218bc266aa70bd22aa2">Value range: An existing user name/role.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__li96469714414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b119816191910">WITH PERM SPACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p3646572440">Changes the storage upper limit of the permanent table in the schema. If a non-administrator user wants to change the storage upper limit, the user must be a direct or indirect member of all new roles, and the member must have the CREATE permission on the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p364617716442"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b14252195133217">new_owner</strong>: new owner of a schema</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p140915113451">Value range: A string consists of an integer and unit. The unit can be K/M/G/T/P currently. The unit of parsed value is K and cannot exceed the range that can be expressed in 64 bits, which is 1 KB to 9007199254740991 KB.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s378bf7cf08114c269f8947e5a942a8ee"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p127171434173615">Rename the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b11790115315914">ds</strong> schema to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b1779511539912">ds_new</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__screen1956155013916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_new</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__p77163349361">Change the owner of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b2197161191017">ds_new</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__b171971613107">jack</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__screen10830141344011"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jack</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__s2665b4986ada44fd9ae772c020546e43"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510967__a2a911ebe5e3c4aa386d1fe3cb8261b8d"><a href="dws_06_0173.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a>, <a href="dws_06_0204.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0137.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0137.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8de70a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0137.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SEQUENCE</h1>
+<div id="body1496994342650"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__sdac49e22fb244ca9857f4677afae4cf5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a25c220163ed048bb8c3fa4d979c0e212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b52426877435932">ALTER SEQUENCE</strong> modifies the parameters of an existing sequence.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__s140d83dd56de4bf495a51fb67c81f4d2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__ul18451101592317"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li114511915102313">You must be the owner of the sequence to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706151332">ALTER SEQUENCE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li445118158235">In the current version, you can modify only the owner, home column, and the maximum value. To modify other parameters, delete the sequence and create it again. Then, use the Setval function to restore original parameter values.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li83519110514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b123916298815">ALTER SEQUENCE MAXVALUE</strong> cannot be used in transactions, functions, and stored procedures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li1091555112578">After the maximum value of a sequence is changed, the cache of the sequence in all sessions is cleared.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li97721045848"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b168617165910">ALTER SEQUENCE</strong> blocks the invocation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b192511120299">nextval</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b263916221696">setval</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b1490882511916">currval</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b13357285910">lastval</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__sf9c7d15c4e5d447b817eab0668e2de87"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a1e4ffe6211694948ac2a3dbf8475869c">Change the maximum value or home column of the sequence.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__s318ed4f310cc4b8190d70f27c9710eb6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">maxvalue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOMAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a7d2f2d4ec20944779bd4d362f71ca7c1">Change the owner of a sequence.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__sfb3555ea4ccb4d3d9f2594e245b2898b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__sb64d6344b6a74ff599ad32312abe74b1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__ub0e44bad2b05425b90aac42cbec18a85"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__laed3994ca06a4304b68acc31a197ee4f">name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a193655b5cc5f4182bfa2cc7889ecbb9b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__laed3994ca06a4304b68acc31a197ee4f"></a><a name="laed3994ca06a4304b68acc31a197ee4f"></a>Specifies the sequence name to be changed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__la0d848693f0940d5a8b3e3dde84ed8f2">IF EXISTS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a5d2476384a0e41feaf809b485bf62022"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__la0d848693f0940d5a8b3e3dde84ed8f2"></a><a name="la0d848693f0940d5a8b3e3dde84ed8f2"></a>Sends a notification instead of an error when you are modifying a non-existing sequence.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li88481312183516">MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__p052702411561"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__li88481312183516"></a><a name="li88481312183516"></a>Maximum value of a sequence. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706135640">NO MAXVALUE</strong> is declared, the default value of the ascending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706135720">2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__sup534742802135837">63</sup>-1</strong>, and that of the descending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706135753">-1</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706194235">NOMAXVALUE</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706194237">NO MAXVALUE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__l6f19c5a864984811ae67e4875c6e8a7a">OWNED BY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a8ec459e430664042beea186c6f6ad914"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__l6f19c5a864984811ae67e4875c6e8a7a"></a><a name="l6f19c5a864984811ae67e4875c6e8a7a"></a>Associates a sequence with a specified column included in a table. In this way, the sequence will be deleted when you delete its associated field or the table where the field belongs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__aa4f0d33f65eb4426b7dfae98abff89dc">If the sequence has been associated with another table before you use this parameter, the new association will overwrite the old one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__adbc409e1d1804acfa1150ae04576b9ee">The associated table and sequence must be owned by the same user and in the same schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a6581df88ae5046d2b018232af7a03e95">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b842352706173548">OWNED BY NONE</strong> is used, existing associations will be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__l220339ab6e4f4803a46e6943a4598131">new_owner<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a1a74e6dfd9564ec69efde83bfc29e03d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__l220339ab6e4f4803a46e6943a4598131"></a><a name="l220339ab6e4f4803a46e6943a4598131"></a>Specifies the user name of the new owner. To change the owner, you must also be a direct or indirect member of the new role, and this role must have CREATE permission on the sequence's schema.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__s55a2463e8b974d2abd4be1e246d7bbd2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__p105722521729">Modify the maximum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b14512711131014">serial</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b151221131020">200</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__screen1773695416312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__p657216521923">Create a table, and specify default values for the sequence.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__screen1159084442"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'serial'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__p2057115219215">Change the owning column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b168741731151018">serial</strong> sequence to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__b15874531141019">T1.C1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__screen17279111644"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__p105711052723"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__s3483b183277645ada8c7bae9cf1dcaa5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830531__a42904cb8e80348f5ae2afe0370053b5e"><a href="dws_06_0174.html">CREATE SEQUENCE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0205.html">DROP SEQUENCE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0138.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0138.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..158faff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0138.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SERVER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__sdaa70d77cde1429bbf4090cfb4003d11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a633998e22cee4b73b8d291a66f8fa3ac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__en-us_topic_0058966073_b1709878692215031">ALTER SERVER</strong> adds, modifies, or deletes the parameters of an existing server. You can query existing servers from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706211517">pg_foreign_server</strong> system catalog.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__s6c715ecfa1fe4c3bb2a8a763c72b304e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p125531940113920">Only the owner of a server or a system administrator can run this statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__s40da3dccf89d4bc6880a232426dd74f7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u78f7b49531364301bfff1dc3e46878aa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l74b7826de2ce42669dcb4c64a3f9a431">Change the parameters of an external server.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__se132f4f07e354c5bbcd1360cf246b226"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'new_version'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'value'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p18399183164917">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706164531">OPTIONS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1939011184330">ADD</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1576171912332">SET</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b4532152216332">DROP</strong> are operations to be executed. If these operations are not specified, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b12218336331">ADD</strong> operation will be performed by default. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706165739">option</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706165742">value</strong> are corresponding operation parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p172521486503">Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1511362073613">SET</strong> is supported on an HDFS server. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1811319208368">ADD</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b12115102023612">DROP</strong> are not supported. The syntax for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1132173115212">SET</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b165610350210">DROP</strong> operations is retained for later use.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u2ef47bfdf6f543b8a60cf548f091b858"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__le52d417fb28d4f12957e22bc1068ede0">Change the owner of an external server.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__sa893e8c3e2374af18586fa3bba6c5ff3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u9c94062a6c6745278717330fb88e4c2a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l2a43f3a4dbee4129a8c23b834afcdf51">Change the name of an external server.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__screen36021438102815"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__ul676294745017"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li3762184745016">Refresh the HDFS configuration file. Only 8.0.0.10 and later versions (except 8.1.0) support this function.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__sc37a8f9a4f70432d9de295f7390b1065"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REFRESH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__s1b8152f180bd4017887a4144e5627a55"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a34e65a0a37fd4bd7b7542151cd2717fe">The server parameters to be modified are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u7d156a1b2ed64f3090a90979db63878e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__ldfeb3e6b07ad44048814c08cd972ceee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a55326a1b934a44fb8de8879c7998a745">server_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__ad9c0c4ddfd9e4b3aac9d139dfffaa523">Specifies the name of the server to be modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__ld0357592e80549399033c88b68fdd6ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__ad4593321425b4cb4ab881d28ce7b229b">new_version</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a697b7f0829524a97bb40e6128c424edf">Specifies the new version of the server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__lcfbcd71cab834731817b9d253acbdc84">The server parameters in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b3857907693316">OPTIONS</strong> are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u783735c1504e45b0ac1376a58843c652"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__lc43d379435d34041b58b38928e8c6f9d">address<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p186181017165115"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__lc43d379435d34041b58b38928e8c6f9d"></a><a name="lc43d379435d34041b58b38928e8c6f9d"></a>Specifies the endpoint of the OBS service.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a3645c5e0810a4e1ab3392175d2f24980">Specifies the IP address and port number of the primary and standby nodes of the HDFS cluster.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__n103b48ea77494d88b71444923ff0f1ec"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u187b5c6e07604803899272480284da27"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l090a6b4e989944118698f32878d537d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b10123133512310">address</strong> is mandatory for HDFS servers. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b31795010327">ADD</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b748835113214">DROP</strong> operations are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__le2a6e1ea74f74c4abc037e50e09a829c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b12999163817319">address</strong> only supports IPv4 addresses in dot-decimal notation, and an address string cannot contain spaces. Groups of addresses are separated by commas (,). An IP address and a port number are separated by a colon (:). You are advised to configure two IP address and port pairs in an HDFS cluster. One is used as the socket address of the primary HDFS NameNode and the other is used as that of the secondary HDFS NameNode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li4118450105114">If the server type is DLI, the address is the OBS address stored on DLI.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l9be0383a7184423caaac7d380c34d785">hdfscfgpath<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__af0219076b8b949d19b90024dd561c137"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l9be0383a7184423caaac7d380c34d785"></a><a name="l9be0383a7184423caaac7d380c34d785"></a>Specifies the HDFS cluster configuration file.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__n177965a448654e17903bdba29ac44b4c"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u6e76b4b979f04093bbbf5c1f32421905"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l43f34266817543ee86044578b8a49827">If HDFS is in security mode, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706211942">hdfscfgpath</strong> is mandatory.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l1c8afe238def4f42b145decee381f70c">If you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706211958">hdfscfgpath</strong>, you can only set one value for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b84235270621209">path</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l33e7f685f0a34737845f588bd2f2cfbb">encrypt<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a121cea7ced384e8280f901b3bf64d2cc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l33e7f685f0a34737845f588bd2f2cfbb"></a><a name="l33e7f685f0a34737845f588bd2f2cfbb"></a>Specifies whether data is encrypted. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b768030577101022">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b880004859101022">OBS</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b20402142033115">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a19b42b637b2d407682ddccfd47765519">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__u974382f6abe24fc3871e4ce336e5ed4b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__lf74746323fed452e8a529942ecf18518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b842352706101041">on</strong> indicates that data is encrypted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l630127327ed7411f987c3732263ab06f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1378122922101054">off</strong> indicates that data is not encrypted.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l7ae9bda1703147dfb7e44e9b9f8df66e">access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a95954ff397d94b629d9769147fdd487b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l7ae9bda1703147dfb7e44e9b9f8df66e"></a><a name="l7ae9bda1703147dfb7e44e9b9f8df66e"></a>Indicates the access key (AK) (obtained by users from the OBS page) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its AK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b84235270610957">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b84235270610100">OBS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l8170e3e223954869bbb3520bca9311ba">secret_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a5791fcd38caa429284254263100b931c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l8170e3e223954869bbb3520bca9311ba"></a><a name="l8170e3e223954869bbb3520bca9311ba"></a>Indicates the secret access key (SK) (obtained by users from the OBS page) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its SK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b630426823">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1060826628">OBS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li42221130192714">dli_address<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p3453181672815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li42221130192714"></a><a name="li42221130192714"></a>Specifies the endpoint of the DLI service. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1151216267214">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1951919267211">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li7283184952718">dli_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p695605054612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li7283184952718"></a><a name="li7283184952718"></a>Specifies the AK (obtained by users from the DLI page) used for the DLI access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its AK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b4412548475">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b204135487712">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li203411759192713">dli_secret_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p91821055144612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li203411759192713"></a><a name="li203411759192713"></a>Specifies the SK (obtained by users from the DLI page) used for the DLI access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its SK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b52777342087">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b1227811344815">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li3233218131814">region<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p1855512417182"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li3233218131814"></a><a name="li3233218131814"></a>Indicates the IP address or domain name of the OBS server. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b604074516">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b592150611">OBS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li9784195663110">dbname<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p1478635613113"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li9784195663110"></a><a name="li9784195663110"></a>Specifies the database name of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li527995919316">username<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p1528045914315"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li527995919316"></a><a name="li527995919316"></a>Specifies the username of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li36271617133215">password<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p7629141733216"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li36271617133215"></a><a name="li36271617133215"></a>Specifies the user password of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__l1710563070c944a29e71d5eb6fd3c0b7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__a521a585d67c44f4ca8ca07dfc2ff8414">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__afaf944ddc3f840b79cdc3f57d0e71c4c">Specifies the new owner of the server. To change the owner, you must be the owner of the foreign server and a direct or indirect member of the new owner role, and must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b562661523915">USAGE</strong> permission on the encapsulator of the external server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__lbc49eb73b17840bb900dd9389e5fdcb9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__aa7027d7ff368457aa7fde7f91a7bb292">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p1612117414304">Specifies the new name of the server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__li5606329173017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b15888949161215">REFRESH OPTIONS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p9889152113149">Refreshes the HDFS configuration file. This command is executed when the configuration file is modified. If this command is not executed, an access error may be reported.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__s003ca5cecdf641929d3d3bc402586b6d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p10591722171714">Change the current name to the IP address of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b11132135112109">hdfs_server</strong> server.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__screen86061439131913">ALTER SERVER hdfs_server OPTIONS ( SET address '10.10.0.110:25000,10.10.0.120:25000');</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p9591422151720">Change the current name to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b83291717161615">hdfscfgpath</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__b33301017161612">hdfs_server</strong> server.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__screen177981749121914">ALTER SERVER hdfs_server OPTIONS ( SET hdfscfgpath '/opt/bigdata/hadoop');</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p115901122201714"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__s933fc7d4ffd04201b1fd7e01227f829b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830623__p51914117451"><a href="dws_06_0175.html">CREATE SERVER</a>       <a href="dws_06_0206.html">DROP SERVER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0139.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0139.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0139.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SESSION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__s16bb1a2b120748559a4fd2cfe746c9f2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__a6145022253704fc3a1a3e997a0a278ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__en-us_topic_0058965705_b3749138185119">ALTER SESSION</strong> defines or modifies the conditions or parameters that affect the current session. Modified session parameters are kept until the current session is disconnected.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__sa9e57724d49846aabc39ec8fb33baf00"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__ubfbd159c84e645bb8dfae1c544f68ca8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__l60a5cbd492204b129033d7d44bffd078">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b71287757535733">START TRANSACTION</strong> command is not executed before the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b34199387235733">SET TRANSACTION</strong> command, the transaction is ended instantly and the command does not take effect.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__le2176e8a5b5d4dc28a5cbf7ef8db37cc">You can use the transaction_mode(s) method declared in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b4370402635733">START TRANSACTION</strong> command to avoid using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b19117868335733">SET TRANSACTION</strong> command.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__s54a8c87c07c143fc82d827afa3845b22"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__ubb3e96b2a1bb49aeb2a1bb1869662602"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__l44fe53fc0dcc42a2b7b7ccd9e09a095b">Set transaction parameters of a session.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__sa18a57883e4b4f628aa7d0756ae880e8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHARACTERISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNCOMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__l0599e1b59d8a407487f1be9678b7715c">Set other running parameters of a session.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__s1fcd1764d0fa410e880854be030d11d6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="n">config_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ZONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time_zone</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NAMES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__s5942eadc3335476eb6a6891ac2b04c05"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__a8fadd4a33b194b6e9f7b421e7b39b824">To modify the description of parameters related to the session, see <a href="dws_06_0220.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__se8530cae21fd4932a87b96aedaebc0a9">Parameter Description</a> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b143921837151615">SET</strong> syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__sa9f477c6b0de4cba9ff01c597dbcb9dd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p1145131162112">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b151031508165">ds</strong> schema.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen845412256325">CREATE SCHEMA ds;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p34501611102116">Set the search path of the schema.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen15643143253216">SET SEARCH_PATH TO ds, public;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p945061120214">Set the time/date type to the traditional postgres format (date before month).</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen45041140183215">SET DATESTYLE TO postgres, dmy;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p7450171192111">Set the character code of the current session to UTF8.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen131981547163219">ALTER SESSION SET NAMES 'UTF8';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p15449611162117">Set the time zone to Berkeley of California.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen1554819541326">SET TIME ZONE 'PST8PDT';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p344911114218">Set the time zone to Italy.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen1743811213313">SET TIME ZONE 'Europe/Rome';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p16449151119211">Set the current schema.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen7960108193212">ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA TO tpcds;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p19448311182113">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b9395111153313">XML OPTION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b93951919336">DOCUMENT</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen1717461163211">ALTER SESSION SET XML OPTION DOCUMENT;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p1744831102114">Create the role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b105981655334">joe</strong>, and set the session role to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__b859913518335">joe</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen105046549317">CREATE ROLE joe WITH PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__i11527155911457">{password}</em>';
+ALTER SESSION SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION joe PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__i1825553434817">{password}</em>';</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p44481011102110">Switch to the default user.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__screen885411307312">ALTER SESSION SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION default;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__p244731112116"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__sa427c8fd0e23481ba0ff89ec7361782f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510991__a3f81ee95a4ac4e618d597a92fa80785f"><a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0140.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0140.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2616235d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0140.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SYNONYM</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__s26b72b1858a44a5984f0fa6d9a84a67c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__ae0128647c2ba4636aa6dfcf1ca144d9a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b813361610549">ALTER SYNONYM</strong> is used to modify the attribute of a synonym.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__sa59cc6cc8a984fd197fefdd1473b4d11"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__ul1841741521412"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__li1876417541166">Only the synonym owner can be changed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__li2013520972819">Only the system administrator and the synonym owner has the permission to modify the synonym owner information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__li1799212382375">The modifier must be a direct or indirect member of the new owner, and the new owner must have the CREATE permission on the schema to which the synonym belongs.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__section185432369210"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__s559f66636c2b404f9d0ca71ce44b8bb8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__section37023591411"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__ul849711245713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__li11885054185912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b614481895914">synonym</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p836651861419">Name of a synonym to be modified (optionally with schema names)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p188085166223">Value range: A string compliant with the identifier naming rules</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__ul36293317291"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__li20629833292"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b662912342910">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p15629173102915">New owner of a synonym object</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p18629163192912">Value range: A string. It must be a valid username.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__section162752045154311"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p168307245519">Create synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b419411439334">t1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__screen3193184710519"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p128307245513">Create user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b1151654110332">u1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__screen98571853258"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p5830172420514">Change the owner of the synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b1120419490333">t1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__b1296055116338">u1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__screen843619591652"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p78305241053"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__section613212620440"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710711__p1374711118447"><a href="dws_06_0176.html">CREATE SYNONYM</a> and <a href="dws_06_0207.html">DROP SYNONYM</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0141.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0141.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a439214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0141.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s79961ef5d2c34f1983a3fa6eff0c5973"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__a43cdc530a441439f9f97bc56e7604a9f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__b474967412215259">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION</strong> ends a session.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s6171ddfcaafe4f64b983cc09530e552f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__ab0c06538481c4826a4112a3582df1b80">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s6649c38ee1a14feeb356302aff6d6096"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s5a8cddc5bdd548da9fda4ca5e4994f51"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SYSTEM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KILL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'session_sid, serial'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s4b2e5c70eb634b90b8f99d17f3e98758"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__u7fd7092118fa43c6b1be640a62fcbd0f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__l4ebd09917cfb4b8f8a58e0b0e5232748"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__a9c9bce77157e4e99b34f4e0adbf76d03">session_sid, serial</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__a042e506012174158992641c8b4e98084">Specifies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__en-us_topic_0058965816_b84235270611830">SID</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__en-us_topic_0058965816_b84235270611835">SERIAL</strong> of a session (see examples for format).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__a8fdef61ea7164ba7bb103b68cfdf518a">Value range: The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__b84235270611848">SID</strong>s and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__b84235270611857">SERIAL</strong>s of all sessions that can be queried from the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__b8423527061193">V$SESSION</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__l1cb60cbf99054758bf8ffed75df185f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__a3eb73a4c487d47df90f38694491247d1">IMMEDIATE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__af6e54a1c136a44d3bf10a22800e384be">Indicates that a session will be ended instantly after the command is executed.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__s4c7ec9e661584b68bb8ed5cd2d05074d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__p1284636163620">Query session information.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__screen889111663714">SELECT sid,serial#,username FROM V$SESSION;
+
+       sid       | serial# | username 
+-----------------+---------+----------
+ 140131075880720 |       0 | 
+ 140131025549072 |       0 | 
+ 140131073779472 |       0 | 
+ 140131071678224 |       0 | 
+ 140131125774096 |       0 | 
+ 140131127875344 |       0 | 
+ 140131113629456 |       0 | 
+ 140131094742800 |       0 | 
+(8 rows)</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__p12821236163618">End the session whose SID is 140131075880720.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510663__screen86816269371">ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '140131075880720,0' IMMEDIATE;</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0142.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0142.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..177566cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0142.html
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s51e2da63c58c4d33aec745544ede4792"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p17187172419520"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b660619531562">ALTER TABLE</strong> is used to modify tables, including modifying table definitions, renaming tables, renaming specified columns in tables, renaming table constraints, setting table schemas,<span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ph148383532819"> enabling or disabling row-level access control,</span> and adding or updating multiple columns.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s5aa34d2c05d246c2a34d4d04d18241d8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u915ee5ff73574f6a87b62430e86088f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lb90bf107d7124d74bb54d17159878dc4">You must own the table to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b156881086835839">ALTER TABLE</strong>. A system administrator has the permission by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l5ee8c1f921db4b3e971b52ce381f3fb4">The storage parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706111223">ORIENTATION</strong> cannot be modified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lf500fa19f5a148098b231f30fff48b02">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706111547">SET SCHEMA</strong> can only be used to set a schema to a user schema, not to a system internal schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l35ba23f08a6a45fca0f3e1d89036cf92">Column-store tables support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1921371312203">PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY</strong> but do not support table-level foreign key constraints. In 8.1.1 or later, column-store tables support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b492433219205">PRIMARY KEY</strong> constraint and table-level <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b393093214207">UNIQUE</strong> constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l2044ad89d52a4fa19c204625a523e8e6">In a column-store table, you can perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b71421742433">ADD COLUMN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1814734219318">ALTER TYPE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b514744211319">SET STATISTICS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b10148442232">DROP COLUMN</strong> operations. The types of new and modified columns should be the <a href="dws_06_0008.html">Data Types</a> supported by column storage. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706111758">USING</strong> option of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270611183">ALTER TYPE</strong> only supports constant expression and expression involved in the column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__le58702930a1543c594eb7d08d7ccff5f">The column constraints supported by column-store tables include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1232419542">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b53771917412">NOT NULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b23812199412">DEFAULT</strong> constant values. Only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b9385191744">DEFAULT</strong> value can be modified (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1038101917413">SET DEFAULT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b33911911412">DROP DEFAULT</strong>), and only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b2039919741">NOT NULL</strong> constraint can be deleted. Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b54014197410">NULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b144051913418">NOT NULL</strong> constraints cannot be modified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li153471115174112">When you modify the COLVERSION or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b981472410207">enable_delta</strong> parameter of a column-store table, other ALTER operations cannot be performed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u020939a35b814d88bd79ebaa89184c70"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lda486815fe2c48219181818e1c160730">Auto-increment columns cannot be added, or a column in which the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1428872417175239">DEFAULT</strong> value contains the nextval() expression cannot be added either.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li186651927183319">Row-level access control cannot be enabled for HDFS tables, foreign tables, and temporary tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li0583173815413">If you delete the PRIMARY KEY constraint by specifying the constraint name, the NOT NULL constraint is not deleted. You can manually delete the NOT NULL constraint as needed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li148501915101119">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1342573082819">cold_tablespace</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b166502325286">storage_policy</strong> parameters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b7748164114286">ALTER RESET</strong> cannot be used in OBS hot or cold tables, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1365218116296">COLVERSION</strong> cannot be changed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b10715722911">1.0</strong> for such tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1797485513153">You can change a column-store table whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1174917308354">COLVERSION</strong> parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1309139193518">2.0</strong> to an OBS hot or cold table. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b395112381373">COLD_TABLESPACE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b183338419374">STORAGE_POLICY</strong> parameters must be added.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li16531226131810">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b17747141512553">ALTER TABLE</strong> to change the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b11822172595516">STORAGE_POLICY</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b10687164418557">RELOPTIONS</strong>. After the cold/hot switchover policy is changed, the cold/hot attribute of the existing cold data will not change. The new policy takes effect for the next cold/hot switchover.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s9a54be85a5fc4e58bbd51d452fe9c1be"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u12bf63c1411a4772ac68f8c282118026"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l302162fed8634729943dbe2cd4a1c831"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270613584">ALTER TABLE</strong> modifies the definition of a table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s9e7e0d247038441296df71bd20dd2fcb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aa57bdf51649a420caca25a91c38a1fd1">There are several clauses of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270611209">action</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s6946877e56a04391bb00725ca674eeeb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">column_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint_using_index</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALIDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_tablespace</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">groupname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALWAYS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REFRESH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note72241047509"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ul1262412162508"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l6ca789b5332d4287955cbc3b4f033bd4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a678b1bf3bc0144889dd38038a553c636">ADD table_constraint [ NOT VALID ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ad1344efa2bdc49a58d03500a6cc0c7e9">Adds a new table constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l31205d866e444a6dbe6f25f75fd7ac0a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__adc92225dd4114a45b78377a2bf4c7a3c">ADD table_constraint_using_index</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aa863bd159eef4beaa99c62e75b53fc67">Adds primary key constraint or unique constraint based on the unique index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lef0a0526d0064f50b18c8558f5662514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a472dae3c54024503970467de6d9e5ce7">VALIDATE CONSTRAINT constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a732e241994554884b888d149f7e01b51">Validates a foreign key or check constraint that was previously created as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270615248">NOT VALID</strong>, by scanning the table to ensure there are no rows for which the constraint is not satisfied. Nothing happens if the constraint is already marked valid.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l3d175ff7e4c44fbb959e2bd2e6adf14c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a4fec4135a7e546b3b37de29d6d5c9e86">DROP CONSTRAINT [ IF EXISTS ]  constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a9ea3ce9933234a68819d72211de7387f">Drops a table constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l81d42dcac163498ea75bbf805aed41d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a3cee97513ffe46e5ab0f213d9094be47">CLUSTER ON index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aaf1b1cdd8d574ef0bf5572de7916c4fb">Selects the default index for future <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b154057964144250">CLUSTER</strong> operations. It does not actually re-cluster the table. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l789a9ccbf7db454a887c42f666dc62de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a624b880fc5f34d738e1949ae5a7ed38c">SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__abd9c5f7eac49424db45b55c2b10a72d2">Removes the most recently used <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1503816654144218">CLUSTER</strong> index specification from the table. This operation affects future cluster operations that do not specify an index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li56571130135116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a7ce06e107cdd4ade9e87dd3867da1fe6">SET ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p185710613613">Changes one or more storage parameters for the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l65bd7be27d6349b38b9fddef863ab652"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aee0fd04c17834369918b9838fdb5402b">RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a8fd98d74215843dfa6e538db58d6e179">Resets one or more storage parameters to their defaults. As with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b34185999335839">SET</strong>, a table rewrite might be needed to update the table entirely.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l3b052855374a4343be1422ada947293d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a2c5d62e75cd24bca9570ec354e00b110">OWNER TO new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aa0e47b15efc748b09e69cba274fe3ed3">Changes the owner of the table, sequence, or view to the specified user.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l67980d2e0b574e369e92db42e3cc8f90"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__acc8441d6a41e4d5d88292ef41c77670f">SET {COMPRESS|NOCOMPRESS}</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a4a18f2079bdd460c9206217b7e18430d">Sets the compression feature of a table. The table compression feature affects only the storage mode of data inserted in a batch subsequently and does not affect storage of existing data. Setting the table compression feature will result in the fact that there are both compressed and uncompressed data in the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li12789455592"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19540553195910">DISTRIBUTE BY { REPLICATION | { HASH ( column_name [,...] ) } }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p202554124011">Changing a table's distribution mode will physically redistribute the table data based on the new distribution mode. After the distribution mode is changed, you are advised to manually run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b83345611139">ANALYZE</strong> statement to collect new statistics about the table.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note17151727415"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ul207632714384"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li87639773820">This operation is a major change operation, involving table distribution information modification and physical data redistribution. During the modification, services are blocked. After the modification, the original execution plan of services will change. Perform this operation according to the standard change process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li4764879389">This operation is a resource-intensive operation. If you need to modify the distribution mode of large tables, perform the operation when the computing and storage resources are sufficient. Ensure that the remaining space of the entire cluster and the tablespace where the original table is located is sufficient to store a table that has the same size as the original table and is distributed in the new distribution mode.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc0248f93a46e4f93988c52a1689d03c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a1842fc66567242f98cc850430911fba7">TO { GROUP groupname | NODE ( nodename [, ... ] ) }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab2cd51efb3474c34a488f0795ff376ff">The syntax is only available in extended mode (when GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706171750">support_extended_features</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706171755">on</strong>). Exercise caution when enabling the mode. It is used for tools like internal dilatation tools. Common users should not use the mode.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li56519590587"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1965105945817">ADD NODE ( nodename [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p3651115913587">It is only available for tools like internal dilatation. General users should not use the mode.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1657714219591"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b757772185916">DELETE NODE ( nodename [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p7577228597">It is only available for internal scale-in tools. Common users should not use the syntax.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li96011923154115"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b4856193213527">DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1756911432476">Disables a single trigger specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b18279133716429">trigger_name</strong>, disables all triggers, or disables only user triggers (excluding internally generated constraint triggers, for example, deferrable unique constraint triggers and exclusion constraints triggers).</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note952219464525"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p852274613524">Exercise caution when using this function because data integrity cannot be ensured as expected if the triggers are not executed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li20336415185413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1792831616553">| ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1055911685411">Enables a single trigger specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1438171810528">trigger_name</strong>, enables all triggers, or enables only user triggers.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li4405143218417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b10572162711555">| ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1598142917322">Determines that the trigger firing mechanism is affected by the configuration variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b8265174916207">session_replication_role</strong>. When the replication role is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b7359124025416">origin</strong> (default value) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b027916429542">local</strong>, a simple trigger is fired.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p4569943164716">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b25803248554">ENABLE REPLICA</strong> is configured for a trigger, it is fired only when the session is in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b436324219556">replica</strong> mode.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li7530636164112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b16269436205518">| ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1323484582310">Determines that all triggers are fired regardless of the current replication mode.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1024418116410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1244911642">| DISABLE/ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p57428381684">Enables or disables row-level access control for a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p6244611943">If row-level access control is enabled for a data table but no row-level access control policy is defined, the row-level access to the data table is not affected. If row-level access control for a table is disabled, the row-level access to the table is not affected even if a row-level access control policy has been defined. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0169.html">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1473416210320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b0734526327">| </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b18584175214519">NO FORCE/FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p59117412819">Forcibly enables or disables row-level access control for a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p3735826322">By default, the table owner is not affected by the row-level access control feature. However, if row-level access control is forcibly enabled, the table owner (excluding system administrators) will be affected. System administrators are not affected by any row-level access control policies.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li19266104642419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b826654682416">| </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b35891614125211">REFRESH STORAGE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p16674133892712">Changes the local hot partitions that meet the criteria defined by the rules specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b87096016427">storage_policy</strong> parameter of an OBS hot or cold table to the cold partitions stored in the OBS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1514015952817">For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1091113494315">storage_policy</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b9677103717436">'LMT:10'</strong> for an OBS hot or cold table when it is created, the partitions that are not updated within the last 10 days are switched to cold partitions in the OBS.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u49a5c5d45c844b069a2387398ac5d1a8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc7cb80d336ec4f28a7cae883a3553c86">There are several clauses of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706112426">column_clause</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s314d493dc2f4449f885f9a11c5ff703a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compress_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PERCENT</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_1_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_1_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">attribute_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTENDED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p144115326344"><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note1915883013419"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ul1013725218345"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li17319125313343"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19575316173418">ADD [ COLUMN ] column_name data_type [ compress_mode ] [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1576316153419">Adds a column to a table. If a column is added with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b102431218124919">ADD COLUMN</strong>, all existing rows in the table are initialized with the column's default value (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b32441918194914">NULL</strong> if no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b624513189493">DEFAULT</strong> clause is specified).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li205811116193410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b165841416133418">ADD ( { column_name data_type [ compress_mode ] } [, ...] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1858631603412">Adds columns in the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1024214213357"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b258919161342">MODIFY column_name data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p162482021153511">Change the data type of an existing field in the table. Only the type conversion of the same category (between values, character strings, and time) is allowed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li12846527155913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b17326017141519">MODIFY column_name [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] NOT NULL [ ENABLE ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p148461627125915">Adds a NOT NULL constraint to a column of a table. Currently, this clause is unavailable to column-store tables.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li19652534929"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b3549132631514">MODIFY column_name [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p76521534422">Deletes the NOT NULL constraint to a certain column in the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li353213421351"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b553464263516">DROP [ COLUMN ] [ IF EXISTS ] column_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p15535154293511">Drops a column from a table. Index and constraint related to the column are automatically dropped. If an object not belonging to the table depends on the column, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b761688268153314">CASCADE</strong> must be specified, such as foreign key reference and view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1253712429359">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b36748235435839">DROP COLUMN</strong> form does not physically remove the column, but simply makes it invisible to SQL operations. Subsequent insert and update operations in the table will store a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1963218215329">NULL</strong> value for the column. Therefore, column deletion takes a short period of time but does not immediately release the table space on the disks, because the space occupied by the deleted column is not reclaimed. The space will be reclaimed when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b182313719311">VACUUM</strong> is executed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1538511245367"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b12389112483618">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name [ SET DATA ] TYPE data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ USING expression ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p143921924193617">To change the data type of a table column (data in the distribution column is not allowed to change types), only the type conversion of the same category (between values, strings, and time) is allowed. Indexes and simple table constraints on the column will automatically use the new data type by reparsing the originally supplied expression.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p4397724173619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b16268158134915">ALTER TYPE</strong> requires an entire table be rewritten. This is an advantage sometimes, because it frees up unnecessary space from a table. For example, to reclaim the space occupied by a deleted column, the fastest method is to use the command.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen103991424113620"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">anycol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">anytype</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p11406202419368">In this command, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b17674153722016">anycol</strong> indicates any column existing in the table and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b142595427203">anytype</strong> indicates the type of the prototype of the column. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b81109238504">ALTER TYPE</strong> does not change the table except that the table is forcibly rewritten. In this way, the data that is no longer used is deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li125215194714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b6255145119478">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p5257951174712">Sets or removes the default value for a column. The default values only apply to subsequent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b143760604435839">INSERT</strong> commands; they do not cause rows already in the table to change. Defaults can also be created for views, in which case they are inserted into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b60099307165618">INSERT</strong> statements on the view before the view's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b4022857165618">ON INSERT</strong> rule is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li16393616422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b194213615424">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1944106134217">Changes whether a column is marked to allow <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b9856123923214">NULL</strong> values or to reject <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1290814419322">NULL</strong> values. You can only use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1945912820323">SET NOT NULL</strong> when the column contains no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b184641611331">NULL</strong> values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1068251364212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b14682131394216">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name SET STATISTICS [PERCENT] integer</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p10682181317425">Specifies the per-column statistics-gathering target for subsequent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b433222536101758">ANALYZE</strong> operations. The value ranges from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19314158185">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b134121501816">10000</strong>. Set it to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1173265614504">-1</strong> to revert to using the default system statistics target.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1493571614422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1793591619423">{ADD | DELETE} STATISTICS ((column_1_name, column_2_name [, ...]))</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p59351216124213">Adds or deletes the declaration of collecting multi-column statistics to collect multi-column statistics as needed when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1880183203516">ANALYZE</strong> is performed for a table or a database. The statistics about a maximum of 32 columns can be collected at a time. You are not allowed to add or delete the declaration for system tables or foreign tables</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li18868131914427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b38682197428">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name SET ( {attribute_option = value} [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p11868201984212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b178681719194215">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name RESET ( attribute_option [, ... ] )</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p178681819134218">Sets or resets per-attribute options.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p7868101919428">Currently, the only defined per-attribute options are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b198781765635839">n_distinct</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19256739235839">n_distinct_inherited</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b8423527061519">n_distinct</strong> affects statistics of table, while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270615123">n_distinct_inherited</strong> affects the statistics of table and its subtables. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270615142">SET/RESET n_distinct</strong> is supported, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1782799047175339">SET/RESET n_distinct_inherited</strong> is forbidden.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li27101623104210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b107091223174217">ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p97102023154211">Sets the storage mode for a column. This clause specifies whether this column is held inline or in a secondary TOAST table, and whether the data should be compressed. This statement can only be used for row-based tables. SET STORAGE only sets the strategy to be used for future table operations.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u8cca88f0413844bea856b7c300dfd7d5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l92eab49fc61a4659aaef996d3df3ec99"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b9811164913719">column_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s582355bc707640e59b1c74747b8411c3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_expr</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l77267d65eedc4c45b5c4815b352c99fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706171324">compress_mode</strong> of a column is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s83119060825743d8b58505ee50a28c77"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DELTA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PREFIX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NUMSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__uefc5a74112ad49b2a69642abd7856395"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ld1bc704c86df461a893736267b491884"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706112756">table_constraint_using_index</strong> used to add the primary key constraint or unique constraint based on the unique index is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__se5bce9c9760342bca32b711c2bd90686"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u12a8254fba024ba88e8de81a493bbcd0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lfab3772088214fe8a954e1271fa21fb9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270610618">table_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__sf2a998bd853e4633a62a25c59f44d327"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a11bb2f032ea1407abd3bbd9e668d02aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b8423527069548">index_parameters</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s8c487a90cde6479f8515dc152b551b7d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u64cb039dde3a4b86bd07e1b828045ea1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l21ee0985b0704017aa42e670e7d894a5">Rename the table. The renaming does not affect stored data. The new table name cannot be prefixed with the schema name of the original table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s3aaad1216fc24dd9915c12cf36819135"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_table_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l967c45a3216a4ffb977ed4c71ca709fe">Rename the specified column in the table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s73c886bdc33a44798e243190a885344e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_column_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lea6876479fc44a66a80a97382a76d933">Rename the constraint of the table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__sb40d2ff5960a4a7481e957449f4627f9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_constraint_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l548edbe35555410fa24b4b1f0f6d23c1">Set the schema of the table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s735d1054fcbb4380a94d12e31754f532"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note4645185715577"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ul12482610135811"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li174822107589">The schema setting moves the table into another schema. Associated indexes and constraints owned by table columns are migrated as well. Currently, the schema for sequences cannot be changed. If the table has sequences, delete the sequences, and create them again or delete the ownership between the table and sequences. In this way, the table schema can be changed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li116251735815">To change the schema of a table, you must also have CREATE privilege on the new schema. To add the table as a new child of a parent table, you must own the parent table as well. To alter the owner, you must also be a direct or indirect member of the new owning role, and that role must have CREATE permission on the table's schema. These restrictions enforce that altering the owner does not do anything you could not do by dropping and recreating the table. However, a system administrator can alter ownership of any table anyway.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc89e9156b1a24f54ab4b56cb62425a1f">All the actions except for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b203626384435839">RENAME</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b180573271135839">SET SCHEMA</strong> can be combined into a list of multiple alterations to apply in parallel. For example, it is possible to add several columns or alter the type of several columns in a single command. This is useful with large tables, since only one pass over the table need be made.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l52482ac4319140b39e980212bc4e1b87">Adding a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b30541800635839">CHECK</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b153285748635839">NOT NULL</strong> constraint requires scanning the table to verify that existing rows meet the constraint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l3a477688715a4b2faf6ccd00edeebdc3">Adding a column with a non-null default or changing the type of an existing column will require the entire table to be rewritten. Table rebuilding may take a significant amount of time for a large table; and will temporarily require as much as double the disk space.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__leb45f314816c43899e911d142fdcb00e">Add columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s2da4a12267e84cebbfe1f44aec8b38d2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compress_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l2397598f8e844ce0941cb6b57c6860e6">Update columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__sd35dfd5f0bd942848a66fa2200257ad6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s3e87132692794964b56e3ba420e7b544"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__s3e87132692794964b56e3ba420e7b544"></a><a name="s3e87132692794964b56e3ba420e7b544"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u3ce4b0418cee4ebebb280c64ac43faa8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l92c275fdb8324bef914a56b717aff13b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a09a40a26757347dfa890c1aafc20cd64">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a23d52d39030546d182ead0c55158bdde">Sends a notification instead of an error if no tables have identical names. The notification prompts that the table you are querying does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l12968293935b40248f2867d212cb9963"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab9e7a64f540c409eac3591e145f5f76a">table_name  [*] | ONLY table_name | ONLY ( table_name  )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a5d424ffff2d8449ba7e40f8ce8787e44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151034">table_name</strong> is the name of table that you need to modify.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a36f3090c29cc490d8cc3078256fd2c43">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270615116">ONLY</strong> is specified, only the table is modified. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151056">ONLY</strong> is not specified, the table and all subtables will be modified. You can add the asterisk (*) option following the table name to specify that all subtables are scanned, which is the default operation.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l73ac0b67e0994f3ea75c20580bdf423d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a00359be28ebd4af9b1ad8d688be2feb0">constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__af8f4f90033934f179bb713ac4a872311">Specifies the name of an existing constraint to drop.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l375e5586d08c4aa9a7cae288983c09d8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aff01e03addf649768a4aa3c882895b37">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a109a8855ac224f4492c1f307aa1c986c">Specifies the name of this index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l58424457d81c4d69b488db62f34c0e23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ae1618795475542b0821573e8ecfa0c7a">storage_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a29f5088843794ee6a4341331ae833b4a">Specifies the name of a storage parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l44ea9b8aafa64e4eaee32a92c8315147"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a28f26c1f6c024610bd3980a3fd71fb36">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aac27200baaec429ba6554b864b7924f3">Specifies the name of the new table owner.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l5d4c93c751894da284c4af12757f1256"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab9c72d73dee0404ca55714f5071e376e">new_tablespace</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a50dc9a6e169347e7a82267fddb5cd206">Specifies the new name of the tablespace to which the table belongs.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l78e158e02c834b388c19bcbaafc87ab8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__en-us_topic_0059779051_a8edb55d3b00d4f07aafbbcd02b681502">column_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1082413103473">column_1_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b68128172477">column_2_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__af6d1dd7326734b788dd61039d87e3b88">Specifies the name of a new or an existing column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l5e059a3f54c34652904a82b192f27000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a1624e5f2d3c741db876b0a95fd2a2843">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aaa794ac7869146dabb2895a80dc4ed44">Specifies the type of a new column or a new type of an existing column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__le73c1ebcf3834f2ebad246395398e95a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a6a696f97ff174853a497bf0728f01c5a">compress_mode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a78ba5f916ce94229a210ca8cc8de5c17">Specifies the compress options of the table, only available for row-based tables. The clause specifies the algorithm preferentially used by the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l00b9cb960bde4b7bae88f5343ca78cdf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a65eacaf7461c421e9d8b7814b444f9b1">collation</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ae3b611936e5b425286dd4421a234a363">Specifies the collation rule name of a column. The optional <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b7850141194811">COLLATE</strong> clause specifies a collation for the new column; if omitted, the collation is the default for the new column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1863216543374"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b11975175583717">USING expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p149311312123815">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b11182019145315">USING</strong> clause specifies how to compute the new column value from the old; if omitted, the default conversion is an assignment cast from old data type to new. A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b14347931105313">USING</strong> clause must be provided if there is no implicit or assignment cast from the old to new type.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__note13845185263813"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p38451752183820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b12911114217533">USING</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b8911174214535">ALTER TYPE</strong> can specify any expression involving the old values of the row; that is, it can refer to any columns other than the one being converted. This allows very general conversions to be done with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b106767012935839">ALTER TYPE</strong> syntax. Because of this flexibility, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b829503165618">USING</strong> expression is not applied to the column's default value (if any); the result might not be a constant expression as required for a default. This means that when there is no implicit or assignment cast from old to new type, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b149571401635839">ALTER TYPE</strong> might fail to convert the default even though a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b3670434235839">USING</strong> clause is supplied. In such cases, drop the default with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b89104195735839">DROP DEFAULT</strong>, perform the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b74981286135839">ALTER TYPE</strong>, and then use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b168905239535839">SET DEFAULT</strong> to add a suitable new default. Similar considerations apply to indexes and constraints involving the column.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lb6141d54e5cc41eda27abd108afbcfcb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a737005f2007e462cbe55b33fff24f14a">NOT NULL | NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a69b6a80d440b4935ad8c6794a2a85bed">Sets whether the column allows null values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc4b111665b104c469a6e029fb850a154"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a8c5854120562410095f44d26fbcdea03">integer</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__abaf0c7e0500c4736b52449fabcbb98a5">Specifies the constant value of an integer with a sign. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b89281617145618">PERCENT</strong> is used, the range of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b192915176560">integer</strong> is from 0 to 100.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l07f1613a57ab484393edc74542c96fcd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a34c195a2cc8c446482c0ec1d82f0c0a4">attribute_option</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a506e545250e0445e91caa97cc7daa614">Specifies an attribute option.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li5497182810713"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b93206231174">PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1588010584718">Specifies a column storage mode.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ul711394913816"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li955210451285"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b284193435618">PLAIN</strong> must be used for fixed-length values (such as integers). It must be inline and uncompressed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li174261251388"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b115201354735839">MAIN</strong> is for inline, compressible data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li236116539813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19018487635839">EXTERNAL</strong> is for external, uncompressed data. Use of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b63247910035839">EXTERNAL</strong> will make substring operations on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b116433511735839">text</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b168449433135839">bytea</strong> values run faster, at the penalty of increased storage space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li1332312553811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b18749454165613">EXTENDED</strong> is for external, compressed data. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1375045415612">EXTENDED</strong> is the default for most data types that support non-<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b77501954185611">PLAIN</strong> storage.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l147db00f461543e09adfe4572485c249"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a1a47f37d64c544bf93ff77f84ecb74d6">CHECK ( expression )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a40d4e58463ed40b1b496bf1c13282b57">New or updated rows must satisfy for an insert or update operation to succeed. Expressions evaluating to TRUE succeed. If any row of an insert or update operation produces a FALSE result, an error exception is raised and the insert or update does not alter the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__adecb9e6117344ccdbbfc0182b7f03f24">A check constraint specified as a column constraint should reference only the column's values, while an expression appearing in a table constraint can reference multiple columns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab96083ce42b441839f63d093c8120810">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151134">CHECK</strong> expression does not include subqueries and cannot use variables apart from the current column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l5a049cf9caf84904a5173eff361e4e79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a0dc5630f2da0486b9c110bd8847fabcf">DEFAULT default_expr</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a9661094f1eb7437a8b9e7085c4534e76">Assigns a default data value for a column. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aa315f6f2e7e141b49f97b90f241656c0">The data type of the default expression must match the data type of the column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ac7a4ea8afeb14fd4a5f2442ba7db691b">The default expression will be used in any insert operation that does not specify a value for the column. If there is no default value for a column, then the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706104725">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l7aa4802c024642a09e3d96463a1e1573"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ada92b1e0cb764a439679282c5dfe83a1">UNIQUE index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__acd007fb480d6498bb4d416f75f601c25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab583861fce43490993f940604336d5f0">UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__abbc43b58130b43bf83f6614ec938b7aa">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b2533867716167">UNIQUE</strong> constraint specifies that a group of one or more columns of a table can contain only unique values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc3ec41d6b71b479b99562bb3dc9f690b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a8d4f1f7acd06469784c7b130dc4129af">PRIMARY KEY index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a9669ae2ff1b24cc3881351f37b019722"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__abb164bfc5c2b448ebf4b3cb0dbb22850">PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aa05d9cd909274ec9a709a38a9933fc63">The primary key constraint specifies that one or more columns of a table must contain unique (non-duplicate) and non-null values. This parameter is valid only for columns with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b6185191517456">NOT NULL</strong> constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l7598c25d351c401bb6c29194dc0b9a11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ad00eb3ae1d634b3084fe52daf8667e85">DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a4cf9067159cd4d60a7defb8a0b25e7cc">Sets whether the constraint is deferrable. This option is unavailable to column-store tables.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u5acfddaa62c847cea0b3ba702807309c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__leb16ac3ca2064db581d750b6dd028a9f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b84235270614310">DEFERRABLE</strong>: deferrable can be postponed until the end of the transaction using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b60118629161614">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc8b89d3e4cf34a5197766c56772359fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151327">NOT DEFERRABLE</strong>: checks immediately after the execution of each command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lb38080109cc544129029ca56a6508ecb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151332">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong>: checks immediately after the execution of each statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lf6787cc384f345869e3c358a02f8edbf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b842352706151337">INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong>: checks when the transaction ends.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l0ac03e91a3ab444a926a0779ef761b17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a2357028c6ad444488ae16e01101a6ba6">WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a39d971beeaaa448cbb5708ab894c4fd7">Specifies an optional storage parameter for a table or an index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__li7246155185418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b15956141105416">COMPRESS|NOCOMPRESS</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__u57b319a17607468a97eec9c233a8af76"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l7250255b368f4362a8ab18cabbf67c27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b144790197635839">NOCOMPRESS</strong>: If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b205988299435839">NOCOMPRESS</strong> keyword is specified, the existing compression feature of the table is not changed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l15d0e1ad7f3a4fb9b9031e78787356ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b86145697235839">COMPRESS</strong>: If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b182766653335839">COMPRESS</strong> keyword is specified, the table compression feature is triggered if tuples are inserted in a batch.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l20c113f1fe3d4b0b9fae03ac86b74adc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__afd71ca7022f34dcda6901e7896af57b9">new_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a08467baa248044a0864387ef9b56303b">Specifies the new table name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l1548382d3e524c739714ee6bcf6f4910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a0c2b8855f14045338cdce3b642b800ce">new_column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__afe2134ea300c410aad808f657c3ec739">Specifies the new name of a specific column in a table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l784160a50b8943af89e1e48ec672dbfb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ac977bcfeadc64040bae22f6da64dd469">new_constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab2a3f027ea504410b3c9f7256f013cfa">Specifies the new name of a table constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l7ae326cb75a1408abdb74f6779d6cbb9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a3fb32699552a46a49670f2e8e2a530fe">new_schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ad01a1b95e13a41ab987e978dc2b6dd92">Specifies the new schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__l470a8ea3981f4b01bc598f55c7c10364"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__afef4eb0390e84aeaaff08339c1f80d9b">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ab0674dc50b3744f381e5f14bf86ce87b">Automatically drops objects that depend on the dropped column or constraint (for example, views referencing the column).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__ld7422b30ff314c589135f2bb9a8f676e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a5b9c248884d64c1aa9e51d055e930c0d">RESTRICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a1a04e6ada66c40399bc40212cd04534f">Refuses to drop the column or constraint if there are any dependent objects. This is the default behavior.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__lc141c7a481bc4fc3b64429b5af27004a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a2553541e8cd54c8fac76be2820f873df">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__aef2a44f7091d44188981c051bcd64766">Specifies the schema name of a table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__sf905b450cf474e6cbcc1d3053b2a883a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1: Operations on Tables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p669125155818">Move a table to another schema.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen06912510589"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p186915116589">When renaming an existing table, the new table name cannot be prefixed with the schema name of the original table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen1369205135818"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">warehouse_t23</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p11791633154814">Change the distribution mode of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b2827814112215">tpcds.warehouse_t22</strong> table to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b19827111416222">REPLICATION</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen1479153334818"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p7791103317487">Change the distribution column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1428075081315">tpcds.warehouse_t22</strong> table to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b1728125041315">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen2791123344819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p42022385207">Switch the storage format of a column-store table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen1611543104915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COLVERSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p71981438122018">Disable the delta table function of the column-store table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen6864173584912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ENABLE_DELTA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFF</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p03131022201217">Disable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b10614173115818">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong> function of the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen6396163081210"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SKIP_FPI_HINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p194125216482">Change the data temperature for a single table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen15347426154914"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REFRESH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p994135213488">Change the data temperature for multiple tables in batches.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen14404121719496">SELECT pg_refresh_storage();</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__section4883605718"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2: Operations on Table Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p484074885915">Create an index <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b184780740852030">ds_warehouse_t1_index1</strong> for the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b139216908652030"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text1884034895912">tpcds.</span></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b75341407252030">warehouse_t1</strong>. Then add primary key constraints, and rename the created index.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen0840104885916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_warehouse_t1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_warehouse_t1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_warehouse_t1_index1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p168406485593">Delete the primary key <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b23016561752030">ds_warehouse_t1_index2</strong> from the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b30311748152030"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text14841448135917">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen15841124819593"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_warehouse_t1_index2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p584334875913">If no partial clusters have been specified in a column-store table, add a partial cluster to the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen2843144815914"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PARTIAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1184317480598">Delete a partial cluster column from the column-store table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen5843848195912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">warehouse_t17_cluster</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p784294885913">Add a Not-Null constraint to an existing column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen12842134805912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_GOODS_CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p5842164845919">Remove Not-Null constraints from an existing column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen143647717111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_GOODS_CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p6841348165914">Add a check constraint to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b150961754352030"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text18421148195914">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t19</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen8842104815597"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_CONSTR_KEY4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__section1131618599577"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 3: Operations on Columns</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p455751310206">Add a primary key to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b11731610183616"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text7662132514209">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t1 table</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen11929132382111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1884154835920">Add a varchar column to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b71886616052030"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text15841174845920">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t19</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen188412048155916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_GOODS_CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p1384217481599">Use one statement to alter the types of two existing columns.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen7842114811591"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_GOODS_CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p148422481598">This statement is equivalent to the preceding statement.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen19812147101220"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_GOODS_CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__p178610465917">Delete a column from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__b123430594952030"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__text08054472313">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t23</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__screen167862418593"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__sa250a7b963584d40ab1c72b2fb1874bc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910731__a312a948c506a47408306c670d4b9880c"><a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s574fd20d632042de9c4b313a4a19cdeb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a997a3318de5d48e59b863c1837b5af3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b10633142819296">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</strong> modifies table partitioning, including adding, deleting, splitting, merging partitions, and modifying partition attributes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sb35de472c760440880bf0cac6a2220f5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ucc6949eba2ce4b7da6aeb633ca432e1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lbde1a9fa7d3d442591f009d51332d5c5">The name of the added partition must be different from names of existing partitions in the partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l18ad259cfe524c988fc6cac03cd95549">The partition key of the added partition must be the same type as that of the partitioned table. The key value of the added partition must exceed the upper limit of the last partition range.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lb67d3061f8034e3e9937d83e129d6d5c">If the number of partitions in the target partitioned table has reached the maximum (32767), partitions cannot be added.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u4482697f88b94c03aba9ee0eb0d63006"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l49abb0f2442b4b438543fb47597bdedc">If a partitioned table has only one partition, the partition cannot be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l0896077b4f07435fb9b45720563132a7">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__en-us_topic_0058966064_b842352706151526">PARTITION FOR()</strong> to choose partitions. The number of specified values in the brackets should be the same as the column number in customized partition, and they must be consistent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ld980357cd3b04afea60c8d0573b4dc4a">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270615928">Value</strong> partitioned table does not support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270615923">Alter Partition</strong> operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li179213288203">For OBS cold and hot tables:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ul1316812451673"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li264313529719">The tablespace of a partitioned table cannot be set to an OBS tablespace during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b8547145811433">MOVE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b326025744318">EXCHANGE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1269435464315">MERGE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b12802105284313">SPLIT</strong> operations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li5286158788">When an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1128758587">ALTER</strong> statement is executed, the cold and hot data attributes in the partitions cannot be changed, that is, data in the cold partition should still be put in the cold partition after a data operation, and hot partition data should be put in the hot partition. Therefore, cold partition data cannot be migrated to the local tablespace.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li1611213284">Only the default tablespace is supported for cold partitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li11808040356">Cold and hot partitions cannot be merged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li197714173618">Cold partition switching is not supported for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b14353182175520">EXCHANGE</strong> operation.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sed5e30a3b02041749b3510272f3736aa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u3bf385b1cf9546338d015b56f813b2c9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lfcd1b842e0204e6785c430017915f033">Modify the syntax of the table partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sc671c8267c2d44209392b3a7fe1bdae6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a81a6a52f979745bbbb434709ab87c92a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b4263458143612">action</strong> indicates the following clauses for maintaining partitions. For the partition continuity when multiple clauses are used for partition maintenance, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__text1932010218">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b167131040203310">DROP PARTITION</strong> and then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b117131440123313">ADD PARTITION</strong>, and finally runs the rest clauses in sequence.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s9d7fbc0659c048efb2cd425fbfb08c14"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">move_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">exchange_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">row_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">merge_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">modify_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">split_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">add_clause</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">drop_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__en-us_topic_0059778761_ul21778309345"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li7386205110527">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706151649">move_clause</strong> syntax is used to move the partition to a new tablespace.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen10386195165217"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">MOVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespacename</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li29552301845">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270615187">exchange_clause</strong> syntax is used to move the data from a general table to a specified partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sf7113083a61c4a38a46d8b6610337f51"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">EXCHANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ordinary_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ordinary_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ordinary_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALIDATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__aefb95c36014742ff92278caf5f396f58">The ordinary table and the partitioned table whose data is to be exchanged must meet the following requirements:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__udc8b14453eaa49ce9c2503fe3ffb5abc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l4d43589b386243a2b0592b129eb0816f">The number of columns of the ordinary table is the same as that of the partitioned table, and their information should be consistent, including the column name, data type, constraint, collation, storage parameter, compression, and data type of a deleted column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__leab3e6863696424283189d33963c727d">The compression information of the ordinary table and partitioned table should be consistent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l1ba5a2183b4045708d4af24f9d9b4c1e">The distribution column information of the ordinary table and the partitioned table should be consistent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l588754b5761d49bcaddf747319d818fa">The number and information of indexes of the ordinary table and the partitioned table should be consistent. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lad62c3f2a49d44558d274b949b93310a">The number and information of constraints of the ordinary table and the partitioned table should be consistent.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l0638f3f22c164d8f9dfc13429a29275e">The ordinary table cannot be a temporary table or unlogged table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li14888134010297">The ordinary table and the partitioned table must be in the same logical cluster or node group.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li443651851018">If other columns following the last valid column in the partitioned table are deleted and the deleted columns are not considered, the partitioned table can be exchanged with the ordinary table as long as the columns of the two tables are the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li6978184810433">The table-level parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b12905152517432">colversion</strong> of a column-store ordinary table must be the same as that of a column-store partitioned table. Partition swap between colversion2.0 and colversion1.0 is not allowed.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p15362318105420">When the execution is complete, the data and tablespace of the ordinary table and the partitioned table are exchanged. In this case, statistics about the ordinary table and the partitioned table become unreliable. Both tables should be analyzed again.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li8216173315418">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__en-us_topic_0058966064_b842352706152441">row_clause</strong> is used to set the row movement switch of a partitioned table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen1321617333412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u0211c66ae0e743f19ff067ad6ec5ac15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__laf8ea077cb11462b82b794498472f1a2">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706151911">merge_clause</strong> syntax is used to merge partitions into one.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sf989a48f944140bb9be8aa2f72e44576"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">MERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ub9996ea1350d433fb72c30d392042001"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l9a38ba959fad4fc7bfc0b80253ace040">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__en-us_topic_0058966064_b842352706152352">modify_clause</strong> is used to set whether a partition index is usable.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s6c3fe9e8412841a28948745e7393e905"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">MODIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNUSABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INDEXES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNUSABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INDEXES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u3b2510c8d8694dd3a2145d47fa359c0a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l3d92c3540d3d4351a5af4550f9969142">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706151940">split_clause</strong> syntax is used to split one partition into partitions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s9ea177ba445046e781973849f1afbec7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">SPLIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">split_point_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">no_split_point_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u837078c0fb0c4fa48e929175481072a1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l9734c299deea4b568c0c28673f6935c3">The syntax of specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__en-us_topic_0085032656_b842352706152228">split_point_clause</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen11941165918810"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">AT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__n98de3ec357ba4da494d2363dc2223d40"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p117418236346">The size of split point should be in the range of splitting partition key. The split point can only split one partition into two.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ld006327d78d94a2a9e849ce27be0bed3">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152243">no_split_point_clause</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__sab512d6d35964236a8167d024b2923a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_less_than_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_start_end_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__na831b4bf45d5496eaaf7fa949f95a81d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ul1643215449297"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li14331444182913">The first new partition key specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152315">partition_less_than_item</strong> must be larger than that of the former partition (if any), and the last partition key specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152329">partition_less_than_item</strong> must be equal to that of the splitting partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li1033113873014">The start point (if any) of the first new partition specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b134814743519">partition_start_end_item</strong> must be equal to the partition key (if any) of the previous partition. The end point (if any) of the last partition specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b2039723719375">partition_start_end_item</strong> must be equal to the partition key of the splitting partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li432911121677"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1752715616323">partition_less_than_item</strong> supports a maximum of four partition keys and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b143161612336">partition_start_end_item</strong> supports only one partition key. For details about the supported data types, see <a href="dws_06_0179.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb144da954d4c4ac58c1e9ae1391e59ac">Partition Key</a>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ueeedaea9167f421cab257bdaad1a06c3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__li1845984953910">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b15784315183120">partition_less_than_item</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen67041112194013"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespacename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lbe8a49af74cc48d0bf5cb7344d03b740">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b96016418328">partition_start_end_item</strong> is as follows. For details about the constraints, see <a href="dws_06_0179.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2094151861116">partition_start_end_item syntax</a>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s412244d749ad4bd3989dc6ba861f1e2d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interval_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ucdc4b046022e49a0983ee2c6ff5233d3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lf2234091bb864a1b8056e5ce5dca103c">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270615251">add_clause</strong> is used to add a partition to one or more specified partitioned tables.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s6cdfc9586fb446bcbdeba7f822a05fbc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">partition_less_than_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_start_end_item</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__u6e7652b6a2004956b9422a0e2ecfeb1b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lfb417a730e764428a6f47e53ce206a9a">The syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152527">drop_clause</strong> is used to remove a specified partition from a partitioned table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s0d0f34a4ca1b42ef9bce8114737ba4ba"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l4a2e453e029341ad87771b92da90f386">The syntax of modifying a table partition name is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s27a6afa42f514a6b9214fc7f8e591d28"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__se52593bcf84d4a8db11d3a324ea47608"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ufab25445123b49e99c5cefe104ef20b0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l3f18be2ee3924ea6bd6cf5ace8584547"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a1b83579091e54abbaa9c9efb15d9f4c9">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a33e9c489888e4705b456f930d9c38e41">Specifies the name of a partitioned table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a5ba56aae071c477baae6e34f08d6fbcf">Value range: an existing partitioned table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lcfa9f7dca04247bc87abd9217699b1fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a2e5f536d44c347d497da3e1a3b41f060">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ae22fcea95bcf4d40987bbb56ff2387b3">Specifies the name of a partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a6ff41e3c173545359e98f3ae70bf994b">Value range: an existing partition name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l78e4aa924540498d855f80b6daa7c593"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a07bc3fe47d0e4f77b17b89522b143282">partition_value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__adb44b01c7e0d44ae835b9bef1f980127">Specifies the key value of a partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__aed56023b94cd45e298b4b74721d04053">The value specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270611514">PARTITION FOR ( partition_value [, ...] )</strong> can uniquely identify a partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a8d0cd42b57ca4eda901183d6b24d14c7">Value range: value range of the partition key for the partition to be renamed</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__la4f9a0c437a543309d7d9f12cdf6176d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a183f630d56b34f74b273ed8709ef6500">UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a191c324953ae47d19a7c08eeb3b2271d">Sets all the indexes unusable in the partition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lbdd6b211ac104a24b2b44c1108473144"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a385f9b254ace4b0a84594a3d96860218">REBUILD UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a28d296fdba264df397edabffdc7766cb">Rebuilds all the indexes in the partition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__le225efdb1c17403186d1bdcc4f46dcbe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a5a54d2b446064f9690bb5393eaad1d64">ENABLE/DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__abc2e8318ac95433fa740bd0dc87ea57b">Specifies the row movement switch.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a5f76a9fb866f491d9f0f3d638d8f53d5">If the tuple value is updated on the partition key during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1344862066144645">UPDATE</strong> action, the partition where the tuple is located is altered. Setting of this parameter enables error messages to be reported or movement of the tuple between partitions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ae79817aeb72f40c7aecf66c395aa6731">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__uf84192e834d5462aa3b653388b9717c2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l41ac8d3fade54411bf9dc15a1c6aebe1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1344926821103347">ENABLE</strong>: The row movement switch is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l8698478fb9d24a528eced23c9e05a47b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b910471933103336">DISABLE</strong>: The row movement switch is disabled.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__af120056a5ea749b89a69079abd89c300">The switch is disabled by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ld4cdcec74e6a48cb806dafd644d1157b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__aa78e093073e2400eae8f59c0a1a559ef">ordinary_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ae1b2fe5dfba24cf5a5cf0250d7661868">Specifies the name of the ordinary table whose data is to be migrated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ab82b33d13cf54ec19d7c31289c21f52e">Value range: an existing ordinary table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lbbe21299f37f4dafbdde6c46b2791213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a8151ca65c4564488ae2771ff036cf071">{ WITH | WITHOUT } VALIDATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a7b36eb34e7e9419f919b0ed6fd2bb107">Checks whether the ordinary table data meets the specified partition key range of the partition to be migrated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ab19b362df8684047b04d4334153a2637">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__uac1e5bbe32c04803a280a1abf410a322"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l4aecb6e4a26f4043b4ea81fc5c9f6b86"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270695534">WITH</strong>: checks whether the common table data meets the partition key range of the partition to be exchanged. If any data does not meet the required range, an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l3f7ae0dbf412402386e2e0966bb5a204"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b125331119776">WITHOUT</strong>: does not check whether the common table data meets the partition key range of the partition to be exchanged.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a1ae084fa324c45d394c72eb972ee6b26">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1753381917716">WITH</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__accab643e37be4504aa55ac7510cab1de">The check is time consuming, especially when the data volume is large. Therefore, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b185331419270">WITHOUT</strong> when you are sure that the current common table data meets the partition key range of the partition to be exchanged.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__l732a66fcd91343bf851c9e6adcbd01d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a3791ff6d58814b3989e4d6c3832df67e">VERBOSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a3ebbd1aec0d248a4962d5498a6e8f0bf">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152758">VALIDATION</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270695856">WITH</strong>, if the ordinary table contains data that is out of the partition key range, insert the data to the correct partition. If there is no correct partition where the data can be route to, an error is reported.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__nd2a6d6ec81564f3e95cd86e1768a540e"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a85588584294640c096683dbcfaa9ec0f">Only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b84235270615286">VALIDATION</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b68202820710152">WITH</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b842352706152812">VERBOSE</strong> can be specified.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__lddcc8aba7b1c472cba922e783b5678c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__ae78b79c9d7624784853065971e96930b">partition_new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a2a97cc74488b425fb3c349007f24e16a">Specifies the new name of a partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a8f9df44083d9450c8d379abd3aefca19">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s78ad75024c274d589676b1e330a696c3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p113135323319">Delete partition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b3613132451513">P8</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen155643381643"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p7313143214314">Add a partition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b1211072721517">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</strong> with values ranging from 2453005 to 2453105.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen347318171155"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2453105</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p631316321234">Add a partition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b13494147152217">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</strong> with values ranging from 2453105 to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b14494117122213">MAXVALUE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen168015414514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p4312123218319">Rename the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b209931112132212">P7</strong> partition as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b16994191213229">P10</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen1525816719"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p03125323313">Rename the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b2679152319229">P6</strong> partition as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b196792230223">P11</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen4637341989"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452639</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P11</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p831220320310">Query rows in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b16399193016223">P10</strong> partition.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen169289552089"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">P10</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9362</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen169811557304"></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p781834123010">Split the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b9539834152912">P8</strong> partition at 2453010.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen1550142113110"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SPLIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2453010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p8783433016">Merge the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b860044052919">P6</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b160194019299">P7</strong> partitions into one.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen67971191319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p8763417307">Modify the migration attribute of a partitioned table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen497815228310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p029319491418">Add partitions [5000, 5300), [5300, 5600), [5600, 5900), and [5900, 6000).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen14280386214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p132931949813">Add the partition p7, specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__b7464953162915">MAXVALUE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen9100204310217"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p182936492012">Rename the partition where 5950 is located to p71.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen135181947626"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5950</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p71</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__p1829311491314">Split the partition [4000, 5000) where 4500 is located.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__screen66486543214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SPLIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4500</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">q1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__s7158bf9037ae4db2a9ec4c7903c5f5a2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671188__a73c4d029cc6642ed946e49f9fe67dfd7"><a href="dws_06_0179.html">CREATE TABLE PARTITION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0145.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0145.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s5a42d80ab2504562b6d7ed45efb7e9b5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a372508422fe8411f89ab5cde553d59c6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b918011465222133">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong> modifies the definition of a text search configuration. You can modify its mappings from token types to dictionaries, change the configuration's name or owner, or modify the parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__affbcb891cc4c464386dffafea8c69db6">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b84235270615472">ADD MAPPING FOR</strong> form installs a list of dictionaries to be consulted for the specified token types; an error will be generated if there is already a mapping for any of the token types.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a7b7266f9715149acb8fc8c693593c66a">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b842352706154731">ALTER MAPPING FOR</strong> form removes existing mapping for those token types and then adds specified mappings. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ac0036c248df4425e92a5faec8040704e">ALTER MAPPING REPLACE ... WITH ... and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b842352706154742">ALTER MAPPING FOR</strong>... REPLACE ... <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b842352706154750">WITH ...</strong> options replace <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b842352706154755">old_dictionary</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b84235270615483">new_dictionary</strong>. Note that only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b842352706154821">pg_ts_config_map</strong> has tuples corresponding to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b842352706154828">maptokentype</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b842352706154832">old_dictionary</strong>, the update will succeed. If the update fails, no messages are returned.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__af4c10e4fd5814ad28397ccce9befbfed">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b842352706154930">DROP MAPPING FOR</strong> form deletes all dictionaries for the specified token types in the text search configuration. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b842352706155013">IF EXISTS</strong> is not specified and the string type mapping specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__en-us_topic_0058966157_b188067938411210">DROP MAPPING FOR</strong> does not exist in text search configuration, an error will occur in database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sd549b2d9ad1244caa52c81db7fef1600"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ul19842101013576"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__li178421210165714">If a search configuration is referenced (to create an index), users are not allowed to modify it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__li7908422155720">To use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b181267313585">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong>, you must be the owner of the configuration.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sfcda6219d612474a82c6ac61b216a35a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__u84ab6259b4224752858da99cb9822ab3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l2b2918e705b54b4e8206bd725d46d107">Add text search configuration string mapping.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s70ebacfacc324b378c1b9a8670d421d3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dictionary_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__uedf2f8de87254b77a3b0b23ae3192499"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lf58bc30ff5864182b96fc0904d309b76">Modify the text search configuration dictionary syntax.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s7a7ca596b826417a85f24ac83cb13200"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_dictionary</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ub01e885095814a3eafda50fbe9d890c4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l069c5e04566c4829a25f7c297551506c">Modify the text search configuration string.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s0a1c986c3a934dc7a5291bcbbd42cb56"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dictionary_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__u7ea4b67dd80842aab33e01541f4fb5f1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__la34915610eba41e4afb6b1172d51227b">Change the text search configuration dictionary.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sfbbb22722f45409787b90b7786736513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_dictionary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_dictionary</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__uabb8022eaa7e4b92ac81d4f59e030a02"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lb11fb708c2f54c41b0dab5d1484e504a">Remove text search configuration string mapping.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s7ac9696c288b406f89f90b1e27113f7f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__u9d89ff3dfb4b4faf8253ad6ffe0d64fc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lf95d35f4b2e44eb5b44b0e1e2f5e16ce">Rename the owner of text search configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sec30f61924294ec18c531c34c1bb1d6f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__u44a7ffbb894b4a4182fa7877099e299a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l622e86b412204ff698296e46c76f7149">Rename the name of text search configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s095237fb28714db5b89bc0f896b3a411"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__u9a0f90b6461b4f129e02e3dfe13c1889"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l34b6bbc2522c406c8c5d2b67eace14d9">Rename the namespace of text search configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sa84c791ae7164e0eb681ff1c40367f21"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__uc385fe8609964b36a89a4daf33d536e4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ld6884eed9749416c9a8266e59ac906f1">Modify the attributes of text search configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s6f6ac3d475e34cbfab9e838d9697d2e0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ufbb8d26ef951446c8ce5fcd8524b0d8b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l11f605aa8ada497a962400cf6c248a98">Reset the attributes of text search configuration.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__scabaec7cbb2542c7a9b03c75063955ed"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">configuration_option</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__s8d96655ddfc24bdcbc418754db51dcfe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ube7b13f0432d421787f6040ea4866eca"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l912a6c53b11641c98d593c62a2cfe05d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ac0e05b74443149678a583285926e0e7d">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ab5817453a1704b01a39378380623a5c3">Specifies the name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing text search configuration.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lcf451594c2c040a0b9f04396edd7df6e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a5984a57e87294ee88806a94a574ea84f">token_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a195d8dcaba454b32bc8a048583cd18aa">Specifies the name of a token type that is emitted by the configuration's parser. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0101.html">Parsers</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lfdf0298dd66d4ac0843ce0fdb23d9d48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ac59c3eccd4994c66ae6a11667360ce7a">dictionary_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a540e5e54a76a4f36a47d8b07afe73514">Specifies the name of a text search dictionary to be consulted for the specified token types. If multiple dictionaries are listed, they are consulted in the specified order.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l4eb33ff27dc04b0ea7f9ee1c5d4b551e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a89c4a8d2a46342bdb0641db777688eaa">old_dictionary</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a3fa80a4e77ed420b9b448a1326d86f80">Specifies the name of a text search dictionary to be replaced in the mapping. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l5e9ab84002804d538101c779a644d0d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a0d5613e2c4a64e12b402b4bef11f0e7d">new_dictionary</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__aa9d68c6f1f774b34a1ce5ca7dc8ca520">Specifies the name of a text search dictionary to be substituted for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b842352706155239">old_dictionary</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l2fbb07d383ca4a548e5800a62f8843e0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a78ace8666a1b46cd9db6e76e783d6cb9">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a6f0e8bde227a4992a18b921e76810327">Specifies the new owner of the text search configuration.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l0e02f1a30db54b1485ffa156634883cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__abd1c7ce426f540b9b63f3d36efeb38b6">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a356c0b7275cb4ad9b4463b6cb726b850">Specifies the new name of the text search configuration. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__lc4c7a48b59a0491e894d5c89dfbd7231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ad5b17615a13d4cfeaf2a069b3fd6f424">new_schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a4bc80c878d8842ab97824484438f18e4">Specifies the new schema for the text search configuration.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__l6d1afab82c04446399e26a10394928ae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__ab59caf7e4349406caf242a01411f783a">configuration_option</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a7f1e8f3babfe433a9ef086623b12d4a7">Text search configuration option. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0182.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__le5b5785886b04bca8b4d01d7d73bccfb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a86694bdae06f4ecc8bbc87dfd08888be">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__aa2310b419b6e4c748199595bc2159093">Specifies the value of text search configuration option.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__se14db9327ac7450f87daed3ff336da25"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p15316132217278">Add a type mapping for the text search type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__b14957651184314">ngram1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen154354537313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">multisymbol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p431532202717">Change the owner of text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen10821101183211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p23150221272">Modify the schema of text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen45481410173217"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p1031520225279">Rename a text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen15416229322"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram_1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p1331572252719">Delete type mapping.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen1794113017327"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ngram_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">multisymbol</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p528214461374">Add text search configuration string mapping.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen269316517915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">word</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p102816461076">Add text search configuration string mapping.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen431714451497"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">email</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">french_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p357631716812">Modify text search configuration string mapping.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen739011351599"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAPPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">french_stem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">german_stem</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__p2051711349516">Query information about the text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__screen4209711469"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cfgname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">maptokentype</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mapseqno</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mapdict</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dictname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ts_config_map</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pg_ts_config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ts_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mapcfg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mapdict</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cfgname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'english_1'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">cfgname</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maptokentype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mapseqno</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mapdict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dictname</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">-----------+--------------+----------+---------+--------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">3765</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">simple</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">12960</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">12960</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">12966</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">german_stem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__sf1d27a88266f4c5aa210ca625b24999f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830986__a2151fd105851462f8e0c9134ee008fd4"><a href="dws_06_0182.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0210.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0146.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0146.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s11dbafd02fc245e8ab6884159af9fd0b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__a14673df9357e4e28aaff1157cd3bde67"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b51301818174116">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</strong> modifies the definition of a full-text retrieval dictionary, including its parameters, name, owner, and schema.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s3885984ccb904e76a8b521140774edbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__ul94641895249"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li10355217162410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b411513219422">ALTER</strong> is not supported by predefined dictionaries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li10464891245">Only the owner of a dictionary can do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b192182611424">ALTER</strong> to the dictionary. System administrators have this permission by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li8982216208">After a dictionary is created or modified, any modification to the user-defined dictionary definition file in the directory specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b5764174215611">FilePath</strong> will not affect the dictionary in the database. To make such modifications take effect in the dictionary in the database, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b58332587447">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</strong> statement to update the definition file of the dictionary.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s097e199c371040739945504301b7678d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__ul10315143352818"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li03150330288">Modify the dictionary definition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s49960349d09943568d3fc82d29c074fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__ul17769119192715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li1376918912278">Rename a dictionary.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen18483847122817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li4195342272">Set the schema of a dictionary.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen739711222911"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li1818014540276">Change the owner of a dictionary.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen16146121163217"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i18927213175620">name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of an existing dictionary. (If you do not specify a schema name, the dictionary in the current schema will be used.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: name of an existing dictionary</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li1286812455448"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i1418655715515">option</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p118691945144417">Specifies the name of a parameter to be modified. Each type of dictionaries has a template containing their custom parameters. Parameters function in a way irrelevant to their setting sequence. For details about parameters, see <a href="dws_06_0183.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li1286812455448">option</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__note175317431496"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__ul1472713514498"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li1610613580526">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b1993017384220">TEMPLATE</strong> parameter in a dictionary cannot be modified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li881719523446">To specify a dictionary, specify both the dictionary definition file path (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b1278516181312">FILEPATH</strong>) and the file name (the parameter varies based on dictionary types).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li164261957192413">The name of a dictionary definition file can contain only lowercase letters, digits, and underscores (_).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li2828134618441"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i15859205911410">value</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p1282819465442">Specifies the new value of a parameter. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b72307451954">=</strong> and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i1860095212515">value</em> are omitted, the previous settings of the parameter will be deleted and the default value will be used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p082844644419">Value range: valid values defined for the parameter</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li18985947104416"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i17571818810">new_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p4986347144410">Specifies the new name of a dictionary.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p7986447104414">Value range: a string, which complies with the identifier naming convention. A value can contain a maximum of 63 characters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li17901848124419"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i214024342619">new_owner</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p1790174824414">Specifies the new owner of a dictionary.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p1679004804418">Value range: an existing user name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__li93661047174313"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__i2938114572716">new_schema</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p43482361404">Specifies the new schema of a dictionary.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p534813362019">Value range: an existing schema name</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p1652418182534">Modify the definition of stop words in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b34861820133710">Snowball</strong> dictionaries. Retain the values of other parameters.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen229912546534"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StopWords</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newrussian</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FilePath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket_name/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=rg'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p14995172105317">Modify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b19814248374">Language</strong> parameter in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__b9982112418374">Snowball</strong> dictionaries and delete the definition of stop words.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen1944994135412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dutch</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StopWords</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p089544235319">Update the dictionary definition and do not change any other content.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__screen208031912145412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dummy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150836__p63691819155"><a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0211.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0147.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0147.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5ff0fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0147.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TRIGGER</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s11dbafd02fc245e8ab6884159af9fd0b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__a14673df9357e4e28aaff1157cd3bde67"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b177371838063">ALTER TRIGGER</strong> modifies the definition of a trigger.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s3885984ccb904e76a8b521140774edbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__a46e9880e43d943eeb7dacc9537d4e963">Only the owner of a table where a trigger is created and system administrators can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b357418472069">ALTER TRIGGER</strong> statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s097e199c371040739945504301b7678d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s49960349d09943568d3fc82d29c074fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__ae3fcc2a08f584332b3815a5209776e1a">trigger_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of the trigger to be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: an existing trigger</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__li11636184716594"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b10748195216598">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p318211253564">Specifies the name of the table where the trigger to be modified is located.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p185906551621">Value range: an existing table having a trigger</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__li12515948132714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b1068605218276">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p13341238202719">Specifies the new name after modification.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p917531510307">Value range: a string that complies with the identifier naming convention. A value contains a maximum of 63 characters and cannot be the same as other triggers on the same table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p265461022110">Modified the trigger <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b1234834473917">delete_trigger</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__screen2353163234"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_trigger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_trigger_renamed</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p56541103211">Disable the trigger <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b5458185511395">insert_trigger</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__screen156901714231"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">  </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__p1165441018215">Disable all triggers on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__b11114884011">test_trigger_src_tbl</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__screen149051232102214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510755__a97753a2696fd49538504b71c38f5bece"><a href="dws_06_0184.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0212.html">DROP TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0148.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0148.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..777611e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0148.html
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER TYPE</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__s77471b15f967444382741724bce54a53"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ab4fcf9c235b842b685c52e837162defc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b636119135152">ALTER TYPE</strong> modifies the definition of a type.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__sc18daf2e33db428f9950279a38dc0503"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__u135be262064e45a3af49d2975a5024fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li0127110173016">Modify a type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen83411251876"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION_USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AFTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">neighbor_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">existing_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_enum_value</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__l8a7def775c4e42dea543f4cf6568c5fb">Add a new attribute to a composite type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__s2a4ee2046d77435393f686af04ff28c8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul1942276266"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li29472712615">Delete an attribute from a composite type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen15527104172718"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul145271946278"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li6527114112718">Change the type of an attribute in a composite type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen1619148173316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul1922917408387"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li92294403384">Change the owner of a type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen3230140143814"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION_USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul93211801416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li9322150164114">Change the name of a type or the name of an attribute in a composite type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen1832212012413"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul78881044415"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li158881242411">Move a type to a new schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen8888194154117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul153396321874"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li5339163210711">Add a new value to an enumerated type.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen83395321475"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AFTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">neighbor_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul17972211487"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li1179772113810">Change an enumerated value in the value list.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen1479716216817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">existing_enum_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_enum_value</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__s4b510c6fff4e4c75b4e47ed3c526fb65"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul893863617326"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li5938173613322"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b47953517327">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p99042019114515">Specifies the name of an existing type that needs to be modified (schema-qualified).</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul271634114321"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li197162041153215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b14651341193219">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p4904519144516">Specifies the new name of the type.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul1458314663215"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li1358344612320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b442616451323">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p13904819134512">Specifies the new owner of the type.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul177999514323"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li107994518327"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b32222501324">new_schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p19904119124517">Specifies the new schema of the type.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul1034265716329"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li634255710324"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b11752555103214">attribute_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p190441924516">Specifies the name of the attribute to be added, modified, or deleted.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul127226263315"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li14723152133317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b4891919333">new_attribute_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p11904141917458">Specifies the new name of the attribute to be renamed.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul895765203313"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li99571515335"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b16197970335">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p10905101916455">Specifies the data type of the attribute to be added, or the new type of the attribute to be modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li6790649995"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b7158171141314">new_enum_value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p202878120100">Specifies a new enumerated value. It is a non-empty string with a maximum length of 64 bytes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li1366474061116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b17402149138">neighbor_enum_value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p49515961115">Specifies an existing enumerated value before or after which a new enumerated value will be added.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li18401520112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b639714290132">existing_enum_value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p1095921918133">Specifies an enumerated value to be changed. It is a non-empty string with a maximum length of 64 bytes.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__u02326f38451e41f6af71c7150b5f4895"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__l5994103330914256a39bc8dcdb2c60a5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b2941173334620">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p89341647463">Determines that the type to be modified, its associated records, and subtables that inherit the type will all be updated.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__lb3e9d158391a46718a169a8ce5b9173f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b88998318466">RESTRICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__a5febb15c75f44c7ba2dcc24f9725cca2">Refuses to update the association record of the modified type. This is the default.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__note8202014163518"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__ul16147153053614"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li1014883093616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b1459211344286">ADD ATTRIBUTE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b1584536162816">DROP ATTRIBUTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b726954017284">ALTER ATTRIBUTE</strong> can be combined for processing. For example, it is possible to add several attributes or change the types of several attributes at the same time in one command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__li18148530133615">Only type owners can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b471455492913">ALTER TYPE</strong>. To modify the schema of a type, you must also have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b6786164715303">CREATE</strong> permission for the new schema. To modify the owner of a type, you must be a direct or indirect member of the new owner and have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b16358183216319">CREATE</strong> permission for the schema of this type. (These restrictions force modification owners not to do anything that cannot be done by deleting and rebuilding types. However, system administrators can modify the ownership of any type in any way.) To add an attribute or modify the type of an attribute, you must also have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b19131134473314">USAGE</strong> permission for this type.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__s4ae468ef169a4daebd0f0eec2d49a7f7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p94982091264">Rename the data type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen7957947131310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p64981891968">Change the owner of the user-defined type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b29139261403">compfoo1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b14913152634018">usr1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen37521952131316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usr1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p1849814915618">Change the schema of the user-defined type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b0371536144013">compfoo1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b18372123611408">usr1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen139761257191318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usr1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p94988915612">Add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b354514014419">f3</strong> attribute to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b124391446134110">compfoo1</strong> data type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen1662514216148"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ATTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p84972910618">Add a tag value to the enumeration type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b148411613184316">bugstatus</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen04264761415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bugstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'regress'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'closed'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__p14496991267">Rename a tag value of the enumeration type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__b132581648154310">bugstatus</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__screen48082111141"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bugstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'create'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'new'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__s9bb44bb53923442fb0eb1a59c95b9a45"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670980__a8367bd1d5ce644c2abc041e07576f6ff"><a href="dws_06_0185.html">CREATE TYPE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0213.html">DROP TYPE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0149.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0149.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a50659b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0149.html
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER USER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s77471b15f967444382741724bce54a53"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ab4fcf9c235b842b685c52e837162defc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b194061532184011">ALTER USER</strong> modifies the attributes of a database user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__sccbfc01a8c194caca22db2f045e133ce"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a98b4955744f04f38b3fd5318c6ba2e45">Session parameters modified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b331933654014">ALTER USER</strong> apply to a specified user and take effect in the next session.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__sc18daf2e33db428f9950279a38dc0503"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__u135be262064e45a3af49d2975a5024fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l19664cab870e4686b0c44f008f895c9c">Modify user rights or other information.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__sd50ea1001e4e478291a7702dbb9b05b2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a537ecdf439064475b7fc4bb23ded9b25">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b65991042144015">option</strong> clause is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s184d8b895c8746b6bf5ba9ba8711388b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOCREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOAUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOSYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOUSEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOLOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOREPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINDEPENDENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">VCADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOVCADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'old_password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'respool'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'groupuser'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'tmpspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SPILL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spillspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic_cluster_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'authinfo'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">period</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__le252609fd9ca4686abb85019aa313140">Change the user name.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s19d53bf0187045f68ef01bcb73d1954a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lbd1f4a1683584d41972a87b6685b5ae6">Change the value of a specified parameter associated with the user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s8df33f72ffc04679b50fa9377c97d7e2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l8a7def775c4e42dea543f4cf6568c5fb">Reset the value of a specified parameter associated with the user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s2a4ee2046d77435393f686af04ff28c8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s4b510c6fff4e4c75b4e47ed3c526fb65"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__u02326f38451e41f6af71c7150b5f4895"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l5994103330914256a39bc8dcdb2c60a5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ae4358ef47a1c4cfaa728a8f7bb23b536">user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ada8e2a9938c94a6e9fb0a87ed7958aa4">Specifies the current user name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ad8c94be0e7694b71b3c28f59ba9c7e69">Value range: an existing user name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lb3e9d158391a46718a169a8ce5b9173f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ae6cec3f0d75a4cafaa6154ac6e92647b">new_password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a5febb15c75f44c7ba2dcc24f9725cca2">Indicates a new password.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__aebaf5715d55544599b3146623bb87dd4">A password must:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__u73dc66c66ac24ccfa4967e37017a1263"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l70e1cadceae04621b04aec4256aa785e">Differ from the old password.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lb116694704084bb18bb58bbd3e2bb5c8">Contain at least eight characters. This is the default length.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lcbf7686ddb094a36ba5b1e941aa19169">Differ from the user name or the user name spelled backwards.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l608a382efd8f478d9426efdc86e72de6">Contains at least three of the following four character types: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters, including: ~!@#$%^&amp;*()-_=+\|[{}];:,&lt;.&gt;/?. If you use characters other than the four types, a warning is displayed, but you can still create the password.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__ae7eed6aab6424c8f81a5cd082bfca08c">Value range: a string</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l47874842d6e64dd39d068cf2679b0a33"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a644b60d86f53469ba11b8c41d8c041a7">old_password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a1611df9dfdab42d8b5563e7a48d0e5ba">Indicates the old password.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lbb62b1ec9c624c88bd3e7f8cde6b3900"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a20c5a6b63aba409f8b400da40f9b9e15">ACCOUNT LOCK | ACCOUNT UNLOCK</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__u7e3d07b73fa948b89e5a7fc075a52307"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__lc574c13f9768439281114cdb2a75da9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b1910820196416">ACCOUNT LOCK</strong>: locks an account to forbid login to databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l6328abfe8ce1466589249001c1d1521e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b19422172016419">ACCOUNT UNLOCK</strong>: unlocks an account to allow login to databases.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__l3b7ee573be534cb4afcceaf2325c1936"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__en-us_topic_0059777461_b295011560">PGUSER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__en-us_topic_0059777461_p159501411767"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b16103132218412">PGUSER</strong> of a user cannot be modified in the current version.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a9bf3907e6fff4888ad8516f80824f132">For details about other parameters, see "Parameter Description" in <a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a> and <a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s4ae468ef169a4daebd0f0eec2d49a7f7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__p23646431161">Change the login password of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b111968215615">jim</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__screen161256432226"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{old_password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__p6364104351616">Add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b6261113920572">CREATEROLE</strong> permission to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b1726210392576">jim</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__screen18301658142218"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__p1436416439164">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b1470419469576">enable_seqscan</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b27042463578">on</strong> (the setting will take effect in the next session).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__screen1089614772315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_seqscan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__p736420435169">Reset the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b383085435719">enable_seqscan</strong> parameter for user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b118302540574">jim</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__screen7655181815234"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_seqscan</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__p836424311165">Lock the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__b1218845925713">jim</strong> account.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__screen1981762872315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACCOUNT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__s9bb44bb53923442fb0eb1a59c95b9a45"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510943__a8367bd1d5ce644c2abc041e07576f6ff"><a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0186.html">CREATE USER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0214.html">DROP USER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0150.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0150.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f52369a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0150.html
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER VIEW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__se300da7053554cb58cc5988526228ed0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__ace403db5736840f08d3e8a83b362a1a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b842352706135951">ALTER VIEW</strong> modifies all auxiliary attributes of a view. (To modify the query definition of a view, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b842352706155656">CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW</strong>.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s9264977dc26a4c7f8993cc31dd59c965"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__u376c43d0bff54635af4347cf838af540"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lea26b84d3a20447db1aacf011618c25d">Only the view owner can modify a view by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__en-us_topic_0058965798_b84235270615579">ALTER VIEW</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l5d7f4089a82e4f418d4f3b3ad6c7e998">To change a view's schema, you must also have the CREATE permission on the new schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__la53e1fdd278f4f25ab112424aef64dc8">To alter the owner, you must also be a direct or indirect member of the new owning role, and that role must have CREATE privilege on the view's schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lf37c72c968cb4a3ba5447daab11d3f76">An administrator can change the owner relationship of any view.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__sba7861b1289b443a9ce4f3f5c63c3b75"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__u63e03f7051194d6b9b24114f6bfd0e47"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l7019d52a46aa40e1b3a31c5d9df0e5f6">Set the default value of the view column.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__sa5e6878264054aee81e7ef940725639c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l902ad79032f1473387936d1fce0d5dcf">Remove the default value of the view column.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__sdff0b53455b348eeb414529c6a2fd172"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l2328b9a023324c99b1527d5a98fbc657">Change the owner of a view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s5c5a8f5ff1464915bb8672748b9f2289"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_owner</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l22abade4313c4daf83f3e4f761ce0fbd">Rename a view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s7eba3cc08b8b418286729d633112367b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lc1ad4a77c809441fa995be048343b24c">Set the schema of the view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__sc1e494c759e149868dde3be30d0b2e96"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_schema</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l35e2c862bd6f426686cba91eb7324adb">Set the options of the view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s6745f3816a6a434ea8253cf3939cd6ef"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_option_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lf51008b52ec54903997cad12be86635c">Reset the options of the view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__scc594fee6e074b1a99231105402a4018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__ul44958391768"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li118528441862">Rebuild a view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen15852104416617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__ul174377201539"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li1437192045311">Rebuild a dependent view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen24371420115317"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s4dd504151fa34b0cb75ad8ff975e1d7f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__uce6e8b3a80854100ac72c9f9f04f6a45"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l2abbccbb1277427ab75b18aee67429ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__abbd8dacdd87a403da70037dcc0bbea62">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__af765f2d8d70d404781eb6a372b28a75f">If this option is specified, no error is reported if the view does not exist. Only a message is displayed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l0871fc3385d54be98452e84435aafc75"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a90d56c413f8444f7a6e45ce17ff68542">view_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__afa6218e04cc94a2895b3509333098086">Specifies the view name, which can be schema-qualified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a8d8ceee9db584d5199c9755947a557dd">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lbba72815a2724c6498dafa4bcd22d783"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a436d8b474b6d4f1287d7d1587f97b49c">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a122fdcf973bd44529167c04a00df1182">Indicates an optional list of names to be used for columns of the view. If not given, the column names are deduced from the query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a80fc1590e09140f4a4d876f94a851010">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lf77bedac8fc34adb99354d7630054531"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a315851eaadb54e6aa426c47b5c09c0e4">SET/DROP DEFAULT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a678b7fe67b1c4cbca9f73f97d3d93b99">Sets or deletes the default value of a column. Currently, this parameter does not take effect.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l3eb8abf1d8294654a04e38315314a074"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a84f174c78574490897108924376f07e4">new_owner</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a8ae31462851343808c6fbb253b2d485e">Specifies the new owner of a view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l802fd9fadd614d468574f699b75ba825"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a298348d8ef084dd3bbe59eee56637fc7">new_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a83a4e8fde85742b2868c2721e5ae6d22">Specifies the new view name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__lee078c0324d64a56851f9d653dbdf9a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a4ae281ceb8fd4ba5bcc69e8a76990e5b">new_schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a7a57caf650c0496c97008e3ec00008b1">Specifies the new schema of the view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__l1b3c3a1d30024252af23e6622a44cf0e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__ae77fb773f36e46779f43ed6d31de5f99">view_option_name [ = view_option_value ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a6a972606a8f84d00b96200534c211842">This clause specifies optional parameters for a view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a736afe4deeee4d1ea95294505e8e681d">Currently, the only parameter supported by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b842352706113540">view_option_name</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b109079317316">security_barrier</strong>, which should be enabled when a view is intended to provide row-level security.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__aee1b8198b3a04ee38ad1416c8ac743b8">Value range: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__text1199152416173">boolean</span> type. It can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b2443531181712">TRUE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b1878743381717">FALSE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li1849814457175"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b17834115111175">REBUILD</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p749817457176">This clause is used for view decoupling. You can use the saved original statement to rebuild views and restore the dependencies. Note the following:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__ul5126172716577"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li1612662735710">View rebuilding starts from the current view and updates all associated backward views. If the forward views on which the current view depends are also unavailable, automatic rebuilding is triggered.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li770763611572">The temporary tables and views that have dependency relationships cannot be decoupled and dropped. However, you can perform the REBUILD operation on temporary views that do not have dependency relationships.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li357745745717">View schema names and view names can be modified. The names of rebuilt view schemas or views are re-created based on the latest name, but the query operation retains the original definition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li329183016319">Only fields of the character, number, and time types in the base table can be modified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li187074318319">Invalid views are exported as comments during backup. You need to manually restore the invalid views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li78611610182419">Views can be automatically rebuilt when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b1084134214310">VIEW_INDEPENDENT</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b241183013912">on</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li139991826414">ONLY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p52313233416"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__li139991826414"></a><a name="li139991826414"></a>Only views and their dependent views are rebuilt. This function is available only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b1122663317419">view_independent</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__b12232233444">on</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s7d7b3396e68c4011b95c1e02a254a932"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p98246385220">Rename a view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen113541339155319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RENAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p128241531525">Change the schema of a view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen422915116540"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p9824336522">Rebuild a view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen52426291727"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__p198241433520">Rebuild a dependent view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__screen22315228212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REBUILD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__s727775a9b4004b4dbef41d0d3a428719"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510681__a88a3942f38cc47dbb84fd5eeefe6c115"><a href="dws_06_0187.html">CREATE VIEW</a>, <a href="dws_06_0215.html">DROP VIEW</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0151.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0151.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0fe3a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0151.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CLEAN CONNECTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__s61b3750edf864fe9b264d8276ff2ac0a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a7b54fad2ac3c4c3da9174de9c2f2fc60"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b41903309392414">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> clears database connections when a database is abnormal. You may use this statement to delete a specific user's connections to a specified database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__s3e1e2127ad7a48b88be58daa90e5b30b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a823e4d9b0e464c3fb52135f337486f30">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__s7e91f65b5e2e407b994d67cc3a87b8d9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__sb6554bfd6d6848069258ef6fb691a4c2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CLEAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COORDINATOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__sd0697749ee8f434db895b86971ef673a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__u80866fce7a4149cf8406007dd2e69b56"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l52ce5c2ebf1b44aab1d3abd64df21a4d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__af212631f921a4dff89a4443bf26d75ff">CHECK</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a998243338323406eae23452a987cc696">This parameter can be specified only when the node list is specified as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b84235270616436">TO ALL</strong>. Setting this parameter will check whether a database is accessed by other sessions before its connections are cleared. If any sessions are detected before <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b84235270616506">DROP DATABASE</strong> is executed, an error will be reported and the database will not be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__lef6e69c8cdf846f3ab124ce1549d66ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__adcdf83e210f148aab88a74df64734444">FORCE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__en-us_topic_0059779089_p293893410336">This parameter can be specified only when the node list is specified as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b105812337816516">TO ALL</strong>. Setting this parameter will send SIGTERM signals to all the threads related to the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b842352706165216">dbname</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b842352706165219">username</strong> and forcibly shut them down.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l5df6483f095b48ddb7eea594ac2a60db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__aad520db2153b43e29ff56b6411ada64f">COORDINATOR ( nodename ,nodename ... } ) | NODE ( nodename , nodename ... ) | ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__aec3073565c60407dbcc2190e2286580e">Deletes connections on a specified node. There are three scenarios:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__u08750c2e0429434a90b1fba7981cf7de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l847d3d6481b84571917557dcd1b9ff89">Deletes connections to a specified CN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l818b4f7c689b418cb0c1d5b24d51aa5e">Deletes connections to a specified DN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__lc7ec667a44fa48e2a377785152b5780e">Deletes connections to all CNs and DNs.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a62f8a5f5bc6e4dd69e2f6c22bf70f5b4">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b6063514091235">nodename</strong> is an existing node name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l19b695b153794959b4418564303dd074"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__aef869649a322477fb6f1a914133886a0">dbname</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__ab5412b91286e40dfa878c45bb6394a5d">Deletes connections to a specific database. If this parameter is not specified, connections to all databases will be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a9634df102517425fb9a56c004aadcd03">Value range: an existing database name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__l710aa1cd6bda4383b8f55deafe0e85ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a3459a78860e34ffa9082cf04e303309a">username</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__ae3434a884d944cbaa0769bf552c8f263">Deletes connections of a specific user. If this parameter is not specified, connections of all users will be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__a7b7b5b5046114ae781047f658ebf0897">Value range: an existing user name</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__note134294283812"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__p3429192133812">Either <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b76469416832148">dbname</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b199023567032148">username</strong> must be specified.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__s32c27b0e6f754340bada174a83e77b45"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__p291716537442">Clean connections to nodes dn1 and dn2 for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b31713013597">template1</strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__screen1743101324515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CLEAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dn1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dn2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__p17916145312448">Clean user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b1287814775914">jack</strong>'s connections to dn1.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__screen712413256458"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CLEAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dn1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jack</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__p691617536447">Delete all connections to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b189203273593"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__b179211927185914"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__text391613530448">gaussdb</span></strong> database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830810__screen13317530452"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">CLEAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0152.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0152.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2ade484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0152.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CLOSE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s8ffa7be2bd0e48e58c3d97f5abada595"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__a261b9b30ef574e3b890e18ea638244f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__b37551745115420">CLOSE</strong> frees the resources associated with an open cursor.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__sff08ff24ccf14a5b9a2f525b60fddf70"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__u6dc52fb4af7f4734b7210b7da715022a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l0eae9ed4498d4a069c334441b9563a8d">After a cursor is closed, no subsequent operations are allowed on it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l7dedd0751ade47eebf4d5abc10993312">A cursor should be closed when it is no longer needed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l786154231bb34e56a9e58187a7e86510">Every non-holdable open cursor is implicitly closed when a transaction is terminated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__b10807926115420">COMMIT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__b30162476115420">ROLLBACK</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l13aeb6ff2abe4dd9a2cd3849ab0e3e0e">A holdable cursor is implicitly closed if the transaction that created it aborts via <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__b27241502115420">ROLLBACK</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l8af1d11a6fa641dc93578a73dc488309">If the creating transaction successfully commits, the holdable cursor remains open until an explicit <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__en-us_topic_0085031759_b59078077115420">CLOSE</strong> is executed, or the client disconnects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l46e060f0824144e28cc6202f9c13b2d1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__text1975652344">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not have an explicit <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__en-us_topic_0058966045_b3730687111271">OPEN</strong> cursor statement. A cursor is considered open when it is declared. You can see all available cursors by querying the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__b1958203524111646">pg_cursors</strong> system view.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s19d40ecdbc844ffe8e829fcd74a33a67"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s45fc88b93a344330879417dfebfc5155"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s4b4307bfc2dd401b950f70a728fcef2c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__ufa4c1955e0264107b5d9af38e956d9f8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__l46e886a9c51b449ba2f9ebce254be8a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__acddffa29181c4a258543bb71a8fc83fe">cursor_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__aea41eede5f8a4fe9bfc973853bce0c98">Specifies the name of a cursor to be closed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__lc54ada40a71c42ebbdc144b7408e687d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__ab45ae2d2d67b45cdab22c8aec380bc30">ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__a56d77ce3c70c40a6a3e83e1844ba81fd">Closes all open cursors.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s1bcfffae7c924335be3185c48c09bf39"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__p196275613141">Close a cursor.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__screen17944161815142"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__s7cc72012ac844b3baa7685f4791edac5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990782__a396563dc49894f4491e720b7e46aaf88"><a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a>, <a href="dws_06_0217.html">MOVE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0153.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0153.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5767300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0153.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CLUSTER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s8d2e25c7c6c94c89b0f53628723b262f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a370e8e971b2e45b2b757f03610a8341a">Cluster a table according to an index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__aace93833760c4857be33d84fe7d64149"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161917">CLUSTER</strong> instructs <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__text1109146878">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to cluster the table specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706144543">table_name</strong> based on the index specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b84235270616155">index_name</strong>. The index must have been defined on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__en-us_topic_0085032662_b84235270617181">table_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a014feec92f46441ead33b37757989837">When a table is clustered, it is physically reordered based on the index information. Clustering is a one-time operation: when the table is subsequently updated, the changes are not clustered. That is, no attempt is made to store new or updated rows according to their index order.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a766fa9f1b74140b8b82f91c61f4fd5ed">When a table is clustered, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__text749227493">GaussDB(DWS)</span> records which index the table was clustered by. The form <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__en-us_topic_0085032662_en-us_topic_0058965844_b842352706144714">CLUSTER table_name</strong> reclusters the table using the same index as before. You can also use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161947">CLUSTER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161952">SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</strong> forms of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161958">ALTER TABLE</strong> to set the index to be used for future cluster operations, or to clear any previous setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__aa140f68f11d04270b11334e5da690b36"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706144741">CLUSTER</strong> without any parameter reclusters all the previously-clustered tables in the current database that the calling user owns, or all such tables if called by an administrator.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a50f7928dfd9c4506a6627affc9edf4a9">When a table is being clustered, an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706162023">ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</strong> lock is acquired on it. This prevents any other database operations (both reads and writes) from operating on the table until the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706162031">CLUSTER</strong> is finished.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s36a26e001a494541a2bfcfadc223b5fa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p1096825613104">Only row-store B-tree indexes support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b06650447323">CLUSTER</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a84bbc6662f3c44b4b18dec940ae5fb15">In cases where you are accessing single rows randomly within a table, the actual order of the data in the table is unimportant. However, if you tend to access some data more than others, and there is an index that groups them together, you will benefit from using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161455">CLUSTER</strong>. If you are requesting a range of indexed values from a table, or a single indexed value that has multiple rows that match, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b1403471560">CLUSTER</strong> will help because once the index identifies the table page for the first row that matches, all other rows that match are probably already on the same table page, and so you save disk accesses and speed up the query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a7f4b07cd401a42a8a07df79e8add8ecd">When an index scan is used, a temporary copy of the table is created that contains the table data in the index order. Temporary copies of each index on the table are created as well. Therefore, you need free space on disk at least equal to the sum of the table size and the index sizes. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__aea2fd25888d241278c88bf91a9859c0a">Because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161518">CLUSTER</strong> remembers which indexes are clustered, one can cluster the tables manually the first time, then set up a time like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161523">VACUUM</strong> without any parameters, so that the desired tables are periodically reclustered.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a2f6e20f9d33241f09b8a8093e8b5936d">Because the optimizer records statistics about the ordering of tables, it is advisable to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b84235270616172">ANALYZE</strong> on the newly clustered table. Otherwise, the optimizer might make poor choices of query plans. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a801ab8eb7ebd4ae8b736e670a154eef1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b842352706161710">CLUSTER</strong> cannot be executed in transactions.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s0b06afbf8f9443f7afa2c2cf581f561e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__u3d33c613f59549728d67476803e67c81"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__l7a5f141f4f8e4b628878f9bb7d2dc306">Cluster a table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__sdc3f6734254340d59ac968be22719f22"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__l7b48fd5951c340bb9e0316960837e1ab">Cluster a partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__sd11334f48e3d472f83e2b201f0166127"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__lea139c56472241c88f965dad9f8964a5">Cluster the table that has previously been clustered.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s3db51d317a14456cb360fff6ddf030d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s24952dc4013b4092b619f92ba26ffedd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__udbb32496640a48acacd8a9a3e43a4353"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__lb290a4e096034328a0f28b09a5107fcb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__aa16ec03b88c84d4f8b7d56e6506aac32">VERBOSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a76d34acf4d6a4394933de2dae033e52c">Enables the display of progress messages.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__l1175c04440934eb9a2cad2d592061c8d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__addac9d00d7014a98b375ea72155e80d6">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__ae8d0dd404755480a9468484f10dee712">Specifies the name of the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__ae75f27e0355f4ca18afdded7e5d3b27b">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__ld4792d2dff454165a4853cf9c4e494d8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a94c420db92f04e838425d9f5d29c969d">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a41adbf6f16ac424692e9e2d40f3cb440">Name of this index</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__a37c64da3cf094f19b2900ffc2316dbf5">Value range: An existing index name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__l9a89b278e2884a4dbaecd70fcc018691"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__ad973e7df25834f61a8ec3c822a75aa45">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__aaa9ef6e647a34d28b28a3947b1ed2185">Specifies the partition name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__af759174c060641b08d33c4ddb30cbc98">Value range: An existing partition name.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__s4f9b2f1143a14369bc7510af91fe041c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p15727143810344">Create a partitioned table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__screen354881914360"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory_p1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">INV_DATE_SK</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">INV_ITEM_SK</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">INV_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">INV_QUANTITY_ON_HAND</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INV_ITEM_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INV_DATE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451179</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451544</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451910</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452275</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452640</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2453005</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p37261338193417">Create an index named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b113924014018">ds_inventory_p1_index1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__screen17768162693618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_inventory_p1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INV_ITEM_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p187265387345">Cluster the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b126126414018"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__text177261381343">tpcds.</span>inventory_p1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__screen136213217369"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_inventory_p1_index1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p1172613843410">Cluster the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__b981518202">p3</strong> partition.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__screen1638312364367"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">inventory_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_inventory_p1_index1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__p0726338173419">Cluster the tables that can be clustered in the database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990984__screen1270184063618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">COMMENT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s9bda7e80875146e3868eaa25039140f1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__p172689572135"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b139995119411">COMMENT</strong> defines or changes the comment of an object.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s2ec5e3434a504f71a92afb137372e512"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ul153514440147"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__li1535124416149">Only one comment string is stored for each object. To modify a comment, issue a new <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b1677317161048">COMMENT</strong> command for the same object. To remove a comment, write <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b842352706145356">NULL</strong> in place of the text string. Comments are automatically deleted when their objects are deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__li653517447142">Currently, there is no security protection for viewing comments. Any user connected to a database can view all the comments for objects in the database. For shared objects such as databases, roles, and tablespaces, comments are stored globally so any user connected to any database in the cluster can see all the comments for shared objects. Therefore, do not put security-critical information in comments.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__li1535174419141">For most kinds of objects, only the owner of objects can set the comment. Roles do not have owners, so the rule for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b84235270616287">COMMENT ON ROLE</strong> is that you must be administrator to comment on an administrator role, or have the CREATEROLE permission to comment on non-administrator roles. An administrator can comment on anything.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s64cd8bcf7e7b4192b425c80cfc277e64"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s136b736ae32d4595b917fb2702a5d317"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">AGGREGATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">agg_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">agg_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">source_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target_type</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">COLLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CONVERSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DOMAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EXTENSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">LARGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OBJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">large_object_oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">OPERATOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">operator_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left_type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right_type</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">OPERATOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLASS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">OPERATOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAMILY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">RULE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rule_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARSER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'text'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s4036dc25a2414f0aa4c337a7d888adb8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__u594cc9bdfd8d4538a2897d5602f9bcb9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l09588b9980464453b743608c9b271cb2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__af661bcc9a8664966b1850ff19022b07e">agg_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a66ff0b4a237c418e9bce340bcede4943">Specifies the new name of an aggregation function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__lbc1fb8c19a8c425fb85957c2430f7db3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a6c48acfe038a4e8499f2b15c2dfba632">agg_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a564bcac335154e10bad06c578da64921">Specifies the data types of the aggregation function parameters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l612b870c9ffb46e4bb35dc608d448cc3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a9fd7bdb33c454411aefa1d7bee87d6f6">source_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a44b18e9f350e4076be0cac518828f9aa">Specifies the name of the source data type of the cast.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__lb8e0ac5455624b319ace17d9290953e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a632c7face00041ad8bbabf1697608f77">target_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ab60b5d81043240ad81b7c3f636c470d9">Specifies the name of the target data type of the cast.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l4fe12e3759bb4ee091e7305f233134c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a9ba73fe2ae5a4989bcd7dcf833df307e">object_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ace8d4dc5f8a24c7d94f1ece91812bda6">Specifies the name of the object to be commented.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ld75364e85a884b709c51fdc1e9bab661"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__abfb05b0e0fc6418496f8f34f04dcaa2e">table_name.column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a98850e3bb942453ea107fb91b52b2783"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a13dd2f9ad05d4932bf9fd83c3ddffe99">view_name.column_name</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a37bbc76733974bb78546f65a16bcab96">Specifies the column whose comment is defined or modified. You can add the table name or view name as the prefix.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l9e483bc3b9ca4258b0d0dd7dc5ec479e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a740c35614e174df5815bd8f062d1331d">constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a797ea8f25e9c4cbda30220676fb1d271">Specifies the table constraints whose comment is defined or modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__lb046863795374ac7b589c5c17badca36"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a4ed8b111f6804a6ab382ba33e97d415d">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__addda9cfde7a04c75bdabbf622ec92a2c">Specifies the table name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l9377eec57d3342cbaed2b914b88bae33"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ae1d60f4c1d9c4061bf7de7b342a53193">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__ab52dbbc75e474e6bba18916fb56d4724">Specifies the function whose comment is defined or modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l95239f9af220449bb57c2def021e8503"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a3a94d22ecfd04b828cc7d3053cd1b1db">argmode,argname,argtype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__aff24089a4aae4736a98f13524fd8fc5b">Specifies the schema, name, and type of the function parameters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l3afd714a080844afaa269eafd0e32743"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a24fabd0068ad4f088331acfd5c897c57">large_object_oid</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a204be5795866491e9d41dc4d00b67476">Specifies the OID of the large object whose comment is defined or modified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l51790694056b4f629095a4ada9ccb8a7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__addd064900d8b48bd97dfee085d0a779b">operator_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a51842418a28a4b5787221086a33f56ce">Specifies the name of the operator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l3dbf8568f442462d8973c9d7802bc812"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a613e4b43c07f4ed99966c9b9115f008e">left_type,right_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a573be116475e4b35beb5114ed1b622c7">The data type(s) of the operator's arguments (optionally schema-qualified). Write NONE for the missing argument of a prefix or postfix operator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__l0afb1a1e1d3d492e85bc762bbbbdf375"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__a3c92d8bff4e44e5fafb0643e410b85ed">text</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__acffa06abbc624678bf8bebc742618262">Specifies the new comment, written as a string literal; or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b84235270684556">NULL</strong> to drop the comment.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__s7a62b515c165414cb0a8433d87853a49"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__p17211141517529">Add a comment to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b46244617012">customer.c_customer_sk</strong> column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__screen5325182620530"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Primary key of customer demographics table.'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__p2021141517523">Add a comment to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b942271416"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__text72111915155219">tpcds.</span>customer_details_view_v2</strong> view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__screen9330830569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'View of customer detail'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__p1617805220538">Add comments to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__b1346191612110">customer</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990790__screen4155755145512"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'This is my table'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0155.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0155.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5142ddba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0155.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE BARRIER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__s8eb05449c7b24b4395ac0444e5deb71e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__a46702917bfdc495c8a7b7d5f866e040c">Creates a barrier for cluster nodes. The barrier can be used for data restoration.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__s4fb87665cdc04c66a752cac663cb1530"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__en-us_topic_0059778813_p269033239598">Before creating a barrier, ensure that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__b842352706184835">gtm_backup_barrier</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__b424188141414">enable_cbm_tracking</strong> are set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__b842352706184842">on</strong> for CNs and DNs in the cluster.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__se57e6e732e1d4eb4aa30383df081e94d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__sbc3123bd8ba846978ef2cd14d69be94a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BARRIER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">barrier_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__sfe4a614fa0b34949b6a6b17b92ca431a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__a941e0a7cd6494eaf97b6d95d32b24311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__a7d89628cbd42442c90b7a2a6b4c62c49">barrier_name</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__a740b53c22d344da6a0c3d6f449e1499e">(Optional) Indicates the name of a barrier.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__ae37551d0a9eb46bc9a9760346c429f50">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__sddd2d8c25a2e4f729a6fbd4e4be90b09"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__p1576554285410">Create a barrier without specifying its name.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__screen19933114845515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BARRIER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__p164871447145414">Create a barrier named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__b7473155121">barrier1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510911__s164d050072134d9985cdea8e5d67b2f5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BARRIER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'barrier1'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0156.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0156.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..222101c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0156.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__s8b5d7d4b041249afa3998141f0058ffe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ac5ea2e0e455d4e88a66ff0b5a61f2116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b59931274123844">CREATE DATABASE</strong> creates a database. By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard system database template1. A different template can be specified using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b84235270619229">TEMPLATE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__i84235269719233">template name</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__s8a1465a47ed4485586158997351b71d1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__u1db3d9a6947144f0be195f40360c7922"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l8412334f96ba4e528f520e36de3c5925">A user that has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__en-us_topic_0058966245_b30118438123844">CREATEDB</strong> permission or a sysadmin can create a database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ld8496fa94c9f47928d43f0a1bc98a70e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b23674432123844">CREATE DATABASE</strong> cannot be executed inside a transaction block.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__la120efcaa27840f0977468f98e98093d">Errors along the line of "could not initialize database directory" are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data directory, a full disk, or other file system problems.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__s6603173eb3fb4aaab4d1357ea45e3758"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__s67b092e5200f4a1d8c3de8cb82203448"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LC_COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lc_collate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LC_CTYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lc_ctype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBCOMPATIBILITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compatibilty_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__se2bebd9bdecd40ff9edb8b4443b6cbcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ufda5d116a0ba4b6ead45989f3c677a15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l7ddb1a8eb68a46fbaecd4b7b7de7f339"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a01f6d7c62061475c8f4977f023cf061c">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a8e38a11ab4a840dba624b06d2ed957e1">Indicates the database name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a7948b71a71ac461a9566950a61626541">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__lf3de83b22eef42c6b5200da194fdabbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a4e0dd148e2d5474da8b3e26ed37a6990">OWNER [ = ] user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a371d7f72d46646e3be30afaad2b38774">Indicates the owner of the new database. By default, the owner of the database is the current user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a27446d4f510c4dcd9667bcbc429c33e6">Value range: an existing user name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ld333b720b14943b5b7f79c367909e416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a2f9b03ff3a724be6b395bcc6cca2c8ec">TEMPLATE [ = ] template</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__aa3f2108ddd9f4bdd8744f567c8b456be">Indicates the template name, that is, the name of the template to be used to create the database. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__text1565131046">GaussDB(DWS)</span> creates a database by coping a database template. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__text1448263122">GaussDB(DWS)</span> has two default template databases <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b226913511497">template0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b192692051204913">template1</strong> and a default user database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b473891018611"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1573801019611"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__text1462184614508">gaussdb</span></strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a0d58027ee3404870bec5e287da76ec63">Value range: An existing database name. If this it is not specified, the system copies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b92818312364">template1</strong> by default. Its value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b186251318258"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b76255188516"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__text7802215185213">gaussdb</span></strong>.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__note410410403411"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p1610424020411">Currently, database templates cannot contain sequences. If a database template contains sequences, database creation using this template will fail.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__lfbdaac401da248638584142b88a945db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a38eebe8e0c5e49e78ac3bfbf1677ffab">ENCODING [ = ] encoding</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p1973735317411">Specifies the encoding format used by the new database. The value can be a string (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1359844683416">SQL_ASCII</strong>) or an integer.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a01b633a7852d421787e2dd35f2db1f45">By default, the encoding format of the template database is used. The encoding formats of the template databases <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b193415155369">template0</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b2936315113616">template1</strong> vary based on OS environments by default. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b143590379411">template1</strong> database does not allow encoding customization. To specify encoding for a database when creating it, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b535911371741">template0</strong>. To specify encoding, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1398554310417">template</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b149856431748">template0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p1825155513555">Common values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1596525018346">GBK</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b19965145013418">UTF8</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1596675063412">Latin1</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__n268e1fb7ccb24010910372255c2d3570"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ul139162318491"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li481611414140">To view the character encoding of the current database, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b698022512819">show server_encoding;</strong> command .</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li5269122181414">To make your database compatible with most characters, you are advised to use the UTF8 encoding when creating a database.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ul923515163018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li023555163013">The character encoding set of the new database must be compatible with the local settings (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b647318187513">LC_COLLATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b184735189517">LC_CTYPE</strong>).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li238045483019">When the specified character encoding set is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b949719205514">GBK</strong>, some uncommon Chinese characters cannot be used as object names. This is because when the encoding range of the second byte of GBK is between 0x40 and 0x7E, the byte encoding overlaps with the ASCII character @A-Z[\]^_`a-z{|}. @[\]^_?{|} are operators in the database. If it is directly used as an object name, a syntax error will be reported. For example, the GBK hexadecimal code of an uncommon character is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b127562465118">0x8240</strong>, and the second byte is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b152811224135113">0x40</strong>, which is the same as the ASCII character @. Therefore, the character cannot be used as an object name. If you really want to use it, you can avoid this problem by adding double quotation marks when creating and accessing objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li1840995711115">In the current version, the GBK character set supports the character <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b113331326115114">€</strong>, which is represented as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b173333261516">0x80</strong> in hexadecimal code. You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b6333526185118">€</strong> character in the GBK library, and the GBK character set of GaussDB(DWS) is compatible with the CP936 character set. Note that the GBK character set is approximately equal to the CP936 character set, but the GBK character set does not contain the definition of the character <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1184762765113">€</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l07731df031ad483d86edcef4984a061f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a94d1d86f1f7b4632872d68f2785619ab">LC_COLLATE [ = ] lc_collate</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a9e610f70c803427dbb1695a69b0f3706">Specifies the collation order to use in the new database. For example, this parameter can be set using lc_collate = 'zh_CN.gbk'.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a27e0e20f8f86443ab05185188791d7d3">The use of this parameter affects the sort order applied to strings, for example, in queries with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b38913812161028">ORDER BY</strong>, as well as the order used in indexes on text columns. The default is to use the collation order of the template database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a7a2339e8b01b47b1bd9c1daa3e1554f4">Value range: A valid order type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__le1d4594b2efa4980828e4f2296845ec3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a0cb916a54ebf4f5aaa0f643408b2bb58">LC_CTYPE [ = ] lc_ctype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a1de372877ec940f8a3e67c409ff92b8c">Specifies the character classification to use in the new database. For example, this parameter can be set using lc_ctype = 'zh_CN.gbk'. The use of this parameter affects the categorization of characters, for example, lower, upper and digit. The default is to use the character classification of the template database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a8bbec0f1b7b34be593ca4cb0959ca1aa">Value range: A valid character type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l092e90f619dd4e8faf0a4e9bc5e092aa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a7d2d42cb17ca4ce188789f26f33eda82">DBCOMPATIBILITY [ = ] compatibilty_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__aca15b85b74c9456cb98e9c4527330bc0">Specifies the compatible database type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p477951525310">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1264811610131">ORA</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1765471601310">TD</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1965531621318">MySQL</strong>, representing the Oracle-, Teradata-, and MySQL-compatible modes, respectively. If this parameter is not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b155691115111613">ORA</strong> is used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l3c11b7cb48e74dcba7c2fc441f6180ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a3f05ac93ae2a48e597cd576ea716c8ff">TABLESPACE [ = ] tablespace_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__aec4921809c884abcb097193eb6a23133">Specifies the name of the tablespace that will be associated with the new database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a3533c6ec16b945a7aaa71a147cd09f29">Value range: An existing tablespace name.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__note413821616301"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p113821623010">The specified tablespace cannot be the OBS tablespace.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__lc6686042c9d740ffad0f7c1a68b14b80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__af63c6150e82c481eb37a0be564315aa0">CONNECTION LIMIT [ = ] connlimit</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a0ace25b183e04960bf798238436a47cd">Indicates the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be made to the new database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a67e82edd812b4594890dfbfc7532d04f">Value range: An integer greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b84235270617959">-1</strong>. The default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b84235270617104">-1</strong> means no limit.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__note1582171075313"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ul1489217133115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li28961783116">This limit does not apply to sysadmin.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li198931715317">To ensure the proper running of a cluster, the minimum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b194276434515">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> is the number of CNs in the cluster, because when a cluster runs ANALYZE on a CN, other CNs will connect to the running CN for metadata synchronization. For example, if there are three CNs in the cluster, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b191421757105112">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b414613576515">3</strong> or a greater value.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a0de69aaa0afa463ea62a0d7e82fc6a2f">The following are limitations on character encoding:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__ud76fe94265b54f78948e0530abb90e61"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l76461f35a8214f7987b77decb1fe8b89">If the locale is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b61901215124158">C</strong> (or equivalently <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b20240028124158">POSIX</strong>), then all encoding modes are allowed, but for other locale settings only the encoding consistent with that of the locale will work properly.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__l59f6361150054af78d48309fb1548c7c">The encoding and locale settings must match those of the template database, except when template0 is used as template. This is because other databases might contain data that does not match the specified encoding, or might contain indexes whose sort ordering is affected by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b28829584124158">LC_COLLATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b58139664124158">LC_CTYPE</strong>. Copying such data would result in a database that is corrupt according to the new settings. template0, however, is known to not contain any data or indexes that would be affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__li1964817111318">Supported encoding depends on the environment. If the message "invalid locale name" is displayed, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1915322774813">locale -a</strong> command to check the encoding set supported by the environment.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__s425e16f7ac5442139e441c609b5951c5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p127560582322">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b573043312213">music</strong> using GBK (the local encoding type is also GBK).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__screen181161517348"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GBK'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p75325611307">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b11424634039">music2</strong> and specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b34249341931">jim</strong> as its owner.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__screen18351191583417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p121485208315">Create database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b991717424320">music3</strong> using template <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b691844214311">template0</strong> and specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b11918194212315">jim</strong> as its owner.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__screen10900112414344"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">template0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__p1875352853510">Create a compatible Oracle database <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__b1790615527318">ora_compatible_db</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__screen1923031520357"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ora_compatible_db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBCOMPATIBILITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ORA'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__sd50a305bc671424a9eb68c41a8f96c00"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910781__a6ea96ff8f8e14079b66a7bd899f62c62"><a href="dws_06_0120.html">ALTER DATABASE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0189.html">DROP DATABASE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__af891cd45f68c4aa3ad512f2bf5b875e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b84235270610560">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> creates a GDS foreign table.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s228271ee6c4e445cb9013ce964ce106b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aae32dd6e030f4b81abcf4d92195088af"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b979423817101421">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> creates a GDS foreign table in the current database for concurrent data import and export. The GDS foreign table can be read-only or write-only, used for concurrent data import and export, respectively. The OBS foreign table is read-only by default.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__sc5a62bac2f874f549e4f075732fe375a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__uebe61199469c415ba128136ccf29de79"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l16448c8c94bc4c1caf428de4ab94cc2c">The foreign table is owned by the user who runs the command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l9ed0187193674e428a91ece1be7e12b9">The distribution mode of a GDS foreign table does not need to be explicitly specified. The default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706171917">ROUNDROBIN</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lc76f5fcdc2764e98a663649ba20b4ff3">All constraints (including column and row constraints) are invalid to the GDS foreign table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s67f31f99f36f48cd8a33392fce536ccd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s583430213cd1442a998ac387106ed25d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">source_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">error_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">error_table_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">REMOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'value'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">groupname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__section3616948910390"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Overview</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p61667761111954"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b16711658382">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> provides multiple parameters, which are classified as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul60077539105357"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li15445101019312">Mandatory parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul168110337317"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li56520455111453"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l20903b2b22b741bb839421d382d07c32">table_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4843017311155"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l06b8baaf06ba44589e22b8c4f701c016">column_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li5082573611159"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6722985a800f446c8860743139d762e4">type_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li26030103111512"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l56e9c7be738d42448d9ea638e32fe05e">SERVER gsmpp_server</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li39529502112345"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l2631a88728a14f43857bb4c04b2d9104">OPTIONS</a></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li227971643114">Optional parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul1671768211024"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li20322112519324">Data source location parameter for foreign tables: <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62">location</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li59758443105957">Data format parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul4423648711133"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li5025677611130"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a">format</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li187203511121"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140">header</a> (only for CSV and FIXED source data files)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li326679311236"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7">fileheader</a> (only for CSV and FIXED source data files)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li551257791132"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li02461414114117">out_filename_prefix</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li3810485511321"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592">delimiter</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1682692211418"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c">quote</a> (only for CSV source data files)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li45155274111"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592">escape</a> (only for CSV source data files)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1937624711453"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507">null</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li2808068911512"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96">noescaping</a> (only for TEXT source data files)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li2543368511530"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7">encoding</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li6953144910147"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592">eol</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li14831050174012"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li718215784217">conflict_delimiter</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li17428810222"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li148341029172620">file_type</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li453715312311"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4151040112612">auto_create_pipe</a></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1892815711035">Error-tolerance parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul566539061169"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li120571151166"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331">fill_missing_fields</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1197866711653"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886">ignore_extra_data</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li6556195411722"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455">reject_limit</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4411175211753"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55">compatible_illegal_chars</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li2015956211831"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l38d1f5d8d31946d1ac878003337961a6">WITH error_table_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li11616709111129"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l0197538463034921bffa55634fa035d2">LOG INTO error_table_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li2316238011126"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__leffe0ccd2877448f88dab7b30cea8b7d">REMOTE LOG 'name'</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li42830361111239"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l858bbb2e7da849a8a52f3e80dd08ff74">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value'</a></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li799820426499">Performance parameter<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul5903195515495"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li17741851114911"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li155121304200">file_sequence</a></li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s949bbfb7d67e4891ac3744b6ecf3bb2a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s949bbfb7d67e4891ac3744b6ecf3bb2a"></a><a name="s949bbfb7d67e4891ac3744b6ecf3bb2a"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u96acedce77284047ae132641ec600a60"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6265bc2c4f9744d58bb06d03f4fe9d30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_b63514415045">IF NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a0c49b02eb99b4abca79677aa7eef5eec">Does not throw an error if a table with the same name already exists. A notice is issued in this case.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l20903b2b22b741bb839421d382d07c32"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l20903b2b22b741bb839421d382d07c32"></a><a name="l20903b2b22b741bb839421d382d07c32"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_b571630315045">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p426590401511">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p23216071517">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l06b8baaf06ba44589e22b8c4f701c016"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l06b8baaf06ba44589e22b8c4f701c016"></a><a name="l06b8baaf06ba44589e22b8c4f701c016"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__afafcd2f1e1e343e7a46216b346a6f168">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p259828231535">Specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a8b2a1555649743419080d03c67407c92">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6722985a800f446c8860743139d762e4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6722985a800f446c8860743139d762e4"></a><a name="l6722985a800f446c8860743139d762e4"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a1300bb29eab44e91938f77f09ec8b554">type_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a347cb99cfbf048fe86b2c2e030aa1c61">Specifies the data type of the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lff1cafcbc06f4ee885e5c9e7434353be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_b643576415045">POSITION(offset,length)</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__af4f369eee4394654b963912910a2a5ca">Defining the location of each column in the data file in fixed length mode.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n837d39216c014fce8aa01462424f5901"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a3fadff08b7f640f9ae3a8662c4cd2dfe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706161436">offset</strong> is the start of the column in the source file, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706161448">length</strong> is the length of the column.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aaf739ddace8a4106a9935750c62b88a9">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270619197">offset</strong> must be greater than 0 bytes, and its unit is byte.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a6542784f957642279a244ffa53399a65">The length of each record must be less than 1 GB. By default, columns not in the file are replaced with null.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l56e9c7be738d42448d9ea638e32fe05e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l56e9c7be738d42448d9ea638e32fe05e"></a><a name="l56e9c7be738d42448d9ea638e32fe05e"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a9a708756e8734a9c95a6520c8443ef2c">SERVER gsmpp_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aae6c8af1c9ca44a2af12b83b3e3e167d">Specifies the server name of the foreign table. For the GDS foreign table, its server is created by initial database, which is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617221">gsmpp_server</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l2631a88728a14f43857bb4c04b2d9104"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l2631a88728a14f43857bb4c04b2d9104"></a><a name="l2631a88728a14f43857bb4c04b2d9104"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a5585e94374a9445e8b7f2c3131d93f94">OPTIONS (  { option_name ' value '  }  [, ...] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a31d932e146cd483e8e0061eda6cc7459">Specifies all types of parameters of foreign table data.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u913b7c9dfc80421c8d900fbd5946c251"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62"></a><a name="l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62"></a>location<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__acc1f2364866c48e4b4087fecdca67de0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62"></a><a name="l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62"></a>Specifies the data source location of the foreign table, which can be expressed through URLs. Separate URLs with vertical bars (|).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p17890747135719">Currently, GDS can automatically create a directory defined by a foreign table during data export. For example, when the foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b21702371344">location</strong> defines that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b6783104616344">gsfs:// 192.168.0.91:5000/2019/09</strong> executes an export task, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2984125843411">2019/09</strong> subdirectory in the GDS data directory does not exist, the subdirectory is automatically created. You do not need to manually create the directory specified in the foreign table.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__nb65fdc83912e498d90c5847f15c2c817"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u5626772bb1294744aa79a8cec39a0e0a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__la4cdd1d2ae7846ec8bd84fecb65f9824">For a read-only foreign table imported by GDS from a remote server in parallel, its URL must end with its corresponding schema or file name. (Read-only is the default file attribute.)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ad3f1f19bd7494ab69f89121aa8b3bd4d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__la4cdd1d2ae7846ec8bd84fecb65f9824"></a><a name="la4cdd1d2ae7846ec8bd84fecb65f9824"></a>For example: gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* or file:///data/data.txt or gsfs:// 192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs:// 192.168.0.91:5000/*.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l871db016b1bf4427aa2001bc14f776ac">For a writable foreign table used for GDS to export data to a remote server in parallel, file names are not required in URLs. If the data source location is a remote URL, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b16317438155214">gsfs:// 192.168.0.90:5000/</strong>, multiple data sources can be specified. If the number of exported data file locations is less than or equal to the number of DNs, when you use the foreign table for export, data is evenly distributed to each data source location. If the number of exported data file locations is greater than the number of DNs, when you export data, the data is evenly distributed to data source locations corresponding to the DNs. Blank data files are created on the excess data source locations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l561d98aa0d584d7681b13df7b664e014">For a foreign table used for GDS to import data from a remote server in parallel, the number of URLs must be less than the number of DNs, and URLs containing the same location cannot be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l000a67d67b91470ca5ddb1a854df5439">If the URL begins with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1466611415581">gsfss://</strong>, data is imported and exported in encryption mode, and DOP cannot exceed 10.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li11248152093917">During GDS export, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2481112019350">2019/09</strong> subdirectory in THE <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1594212257354">gsfs://127.0.0.1:7789/2019/09/</strong> directory specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b14797114263516">location</strong> table is automatically created when the export task is executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li37779498387">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b14409252311">file_type</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b38141857933">pipe</strong>, GDS determines whether the target file to be imported or exported is a pipe file or a directory based on whether the last character in the URL is a slash (/). Example:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul12124174182010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li483531132018">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1932513261476">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/a/b</strong>, GDS identifies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b155991333671">b</strong> as a pipe file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li0860161172019">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b119840110820">gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/a/b/</strong>, GDS identifies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b113831576819">b</strong> as a directory and creates a pipe file in the directory.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a"></a><a name="l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a"></a>format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a2c0315ab604743fb987ef3aed304b470"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a"></a><a name="l251896c64542407a912f06640ef49f5a"></a>Specifies the format of the data source file in a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__af95757c92e764037b24fa7e5172471c4">Value range: CSV, TEXT. The default value is TEXT.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u4bb492a3219e46bcb0187f8bba88a23f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l0fbe3a71ff1f4c10a20abafded1951de">In CSV files, escape sequences are processed as common strings. Therefore, linefeeds are processed as data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l48b17bf525764dc7a3e5fd1b09e91981">In TEXT files, escape sequences are processed as they are. Therefore, linefeeds are not processed as data.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n16d5daf7930447d092fd19679002878b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul17550121520328"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li126483241912">An escape sequence is a string starting with a backslash (\), including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b179487562811">\b</strong> (backspace), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b5949115152813">\f</strong> (formfeed page break), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b49494514288">\n</strong> (new line), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b18950755287">\r</strong> (carriage return), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b159507513286">\t</strong> (horizontal tab), \v (vertical tab), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b17951115102817">\</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i199521592817">number</em> (octal number), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b295225172818">\x</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i169531852282">number</em> (hexadecimal number). In TEXT files, strings are processed as they are. In files of other formats, strings are processed as data.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140"></a><a name="l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140"></a>header<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a3ad9e69a6fe74123b9ae19a9ff1ae532"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140"></a><a name="l4509784974094c3a8e2e196463bba140"></a>Specifies whether a data file contains a table header. header is available only for CSV and FIXED files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aab9f48fe3cdf46f9912f494b98ee8d3e">When data is imported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706145433_1">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706101629_1">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as title row and ignored. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b224724312533">off</strong>, the first row is identified as data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a427a67f8aa9d4a4ba5a5f2502927abc7">When data is exported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b207981346115319">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b13803446115312">on</strong>, <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7">fileheader</a> must be specified. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b14617185335312">fileheader</strong> is used to specify the export header file format. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706152947">off</strong>, the exported file does not include a title row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ab82c0bf59d5e438b9ebcb1c5529cad01">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706174916">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270616240">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b8423527061633">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706174924">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706164830">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270616558">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7"></a><a name="l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7"></a>fileheader<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ac41a2be66ffa480d87849323dbf87f5b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7"></a><a name="l233844e8314043318e05730e92485ab7"></a>Specifies a file that defines the content in the header for exported data. The file contains one row of data description of each column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p890275583917">For example, to add a header in a file containing product information, define the file as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p11902135519398">The information of products.\n</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n400bf167e45d4c81ba1cea807c6961fe"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u84738526d34a4aa9919f17d19c8e0c43"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li17122137154217">This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b187583404392">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b127582404394">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b375919401397">true</strong>. The file must be prepared in advance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l5108b6d1f076407d96f111d1f902ccf9">In Remote mode, the definition file must be put to the working directory of GDS (the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1191307824145713">-d</strong> directory specified when starting the GDS).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l7eca96f8befa4ec09b7086bf4b2c1c3d">The definition file can contain only one row of title information, and end with a newline character. Excess rows will be discarded. (Title information cannot contain newline character).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__le4354908f7e942e8a1a216ee0fd8f909">The length of the definition file including the newline character cannot exceed 1 MB.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li02461414114117"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li02461414114117"></a><a name="li02461414114117"></a>out_filename_prefix<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p6250414184112"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li02461414114117"></a><a name="li02461414114117"></a>Specifies the name prefix of the exported data file exported using GDS from a write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p209171898243">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1477213344441">file_type</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b10932441114414">pipe</strong>, the pipe file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b6908205210446">dbName_schemaName_foreignTableName.pipe</strong> is generated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p239618396476">If both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2522210121116">out_filename_prefix</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b125281723141117">location</strong> specify a pipe name, the pipe name specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b10425152951111">location</strong> is used.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note142513144412"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul14253914174116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li122541148410">The prefix of the specified file name must be valid and compliant with the restrictions of the file system in the physical environment where the GDS is deployed. Otherwise, the file will fail to be created.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul16126124117441"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li125394403442">The file name prefix can contain only lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits, and underscores (_).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li875863924716">The prefix of the specified export file name cannot contain feature fields reserved for the Windows and Linux OS, including but not limited to:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1112414471474"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li875863924716"></a><a name="li875863924716"></a>"con","aux","nul","prn","com0","com1","com2","com3","com4","com5","com6","com7","com8","com9","lpt0","lpt1","lpt2","lpt3","lpt4","lpt5","lpt6","lpt7","lpt8","lpt9"</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li625144054510">The total length of the absolute path consisting of the exported file prefix, the path specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706211339">GDS –d</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706211352">.dat</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b5606639194615">.pipe</strong> should be as required by the file system where GDS is deployed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li629917834611">It is required that the prefix can be correctly parsed and identified by the receiver (including but not limited to the original database where it was exported) of the data file. Identify and modify the option that causes the file name resolution problem (if any).</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li10337147193016">To concurrently perform export jobs, do not use the same file name prefix for them. Otherwise, the exported files may overwrite each other or be lost in the OS or file system.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a>delimiter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__abb97d60448a640f292832b07ee6581f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a>Specifies the column delimiter of data, and uses the default delimiter if it is not set. The default delimiter of TEXT is a tab and that of CSV is a comma (,). No delimiter is used in FIXED format.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__nf96af8e2050445adb17bc9cbc2da8dbc"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ub618dbe3999e4f80bfc5d8903d251c73"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l5092da06491e4b91ab15f303c6187bef">A delimiter cannot be \r or \n.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l5689a574ec8c4425ac605a52c6503f7f">A delimiter cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b8423527061885">null</strong> value. The delimiter of CSV cannot be same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270618821">quote</strong> value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l03cd232e1cf3401fbdeb760d2e9dfa1b">The delimiter for the TEXT format data cannot contain any of the following characters: \.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lf75fbc26d20c4b5f945905a26d0dfba5">The data length of a single row should be less than 1 GB. If the delimiters are too long and there are too many rows, the length of valid data will be affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldcc2a31d99094332a647dea11c83b400">You are advised to use a multi-character, such as the combination of the dollar sign ($), caret (^), the ampersand (&amp;), or invisible characters, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b as the delimiter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li10607415145114">For a multi-character delimiter, do not use the same characters, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b227354144510">---</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a352b057b7bef4fabaa5e548748ea340f">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a45aa25a8fe7744dbb1c035ecb8f352fb">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270618738">delimiter</strong> can be a multi-character delimiter whose length is less than or equal to 10 bytes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c"></a><a name="l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c"></a>quote<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p647746152656"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c"></a><a name="l97b17ee10c314710a461ba967e9d0b8c"></a>Specifies which characters in a CSV source data file will be identified as quotation marks. The default value is a double quotation mark (").</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__nfc59741a634245cd9f3dd24097a8777f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u8dc0f2831a1a45f19187c2ff0dc7ea8d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l21c38dc7ab4240fc8d2ec03c05ad3e9d">The quote parameter cannot be the same as the delimiter or null parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l19e70e2be4484d5ca4edccad253dfa87">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270614567">quote</strong> parameter must be a single-byte character.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4182507d6e6e4d99b4f18733c248cb0a">Invisible characters are recommended as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b193398281611139">quote</strong> values, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592"></a>escape<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ab88b82d3de25414f864fb5396df185f5"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li74427391592"></a>Specifies which characters in a CSV source data file are escape characters. Escape characters can only be single-byte characters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a311e59465ebb4d06922a793d92efcf21">Default value: the same as the value of QUOTE</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a><a name="l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a>null<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ab91fe36ae27a492990169b276ca9d19e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a><a name="l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a>Specifies the string that represents a null value.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n98805631e263478db49afc9e4133082d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ud3ea70521bc846eea88c83f40a9a3bc3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l91d2f11257e44baf936659a848c01769">The null value cannot be \r or \n. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l7b02e83353ee40cfa7ff0e5aaaebfa69">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270618146">null</strong> value cannot be the same as the delimiter or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706181413">quote</strong> parameter.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ade34c8e1132e409cb53722bb693acc2e">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ubddc107d3fcf44f8ab80bcf04d5f3f50"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l8740efca3cfd429ab563fd0065296828">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b94972589482">\n</strong> for the TEXT format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l11441db5d16d44619a1d9cc004711035">The default value for the CSV format is an empty string without quotation marks.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a><a name="ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a>noescaping<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aee3bfcaed7dc47b0bc1900e467c2e82b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a><a name="ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a>Specifies in TEXT format, whether to escape the backslash (\) and its following characters.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n74f15869f29641b3938e2c9bf33f7311"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a40ca2ca4be484a3dab8bb768e34b2912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b8423527069341">noescaping</strong> is available only for the TEXT format.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a3fed836460b648e18a5d8b8ac7768254">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b929052377">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b768714191">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1524424778">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1899311021">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2024190794">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1017072357">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7"></a><a name="l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7"></a>encoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a9844ff8059c34e8287f4f6c39c80f0f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7"></a><a name="l88460d19d60945e99eccf5f6429762b7"></a>Specifies the encoding of a data file, that is, the encoding used to parse, check, and generate a data file. Its default value is the default <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270612476">client_encoding</strong> value of the current database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a19e3cb1c2f41414181cfd61376344b4d">Before you import foreign tables, it is recommended that you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b24975262297">client_encoding</strong> to the file encoding format, or a format matching the character set of the file. Otherwise, unnecessary parsing and check errors may occur, leading to import errors, rollback, or even invalid data import. Before you import foreign tables, you are also advised to specify this parameter, because the export result using the default character set may not be what you expected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a2307d5d7d4994a6aaa146181b8eb6cd9">If this parameter is not specified when you create a foreign table, a warning message will be displayed on the client.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n1b4551e33831420f9b9cf6acc22847ae"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p42011271298">Currently, GDS cannot parse or write in a file using multiple encoding formats during foreign table import or export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a><a name="l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a>fill_missing_fields<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a31acb0f9baa14f88bb7d6bb90da8960f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a><a name="l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a>Specifies whether to generate an error message when the last column in a row in the source file is lost during data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ac40d46180fe94fcfb1025f8ecef31faf">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1393786924">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1849871077">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1364802491">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b176693739">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b178495793">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b896603883">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__udd9a858112d14944bbab71dd1956f14d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l7b1522bbf0d74cedb6a2e825bf2acf05">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b81583471212">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b10159247821">on</strong> and the last column of a data row in a data source file is lost, the column will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1160104714216">NULL</strong> and no error message will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l41d3b0a290fc4cd3b4a6b745d80d2f58">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706152317">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706172415">off</strong> and the last column is missing, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s8d72e1f22ff7490ca9812c58c3f51d16">missing data for column "tt"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a><a name="l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a>ignore_extra_data<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a5b7b34e1f0ba4efabe5b105e9d33e72c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a><a name="l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a>Specifies whether to ignore excessive columns when the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns. This parameter is available during data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a88a05907165c497688e7a79774626883">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1869607839">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1329441551">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b101950306">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b419082292">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b729543018">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b977109139">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ua4aca6dd0fe04eddb5203afe8419fa07"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lb7620f1a1cec45b19d5bfb2b86fa1050">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617123">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706171516">on</strong> and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, excessive columns will be ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1b1b3e3e63054f7a919194ff3f048507">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617130">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706182758">off</strong> and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__s827035191beb4bffbfe333a3c41a827f">extra data after last expected column</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n6280f8af19974a25bbc48421ebe41001"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__adf3fc38fd9c746f3aa3b7c28987a2a29">If the newline character at the end of the row is lost, setting the parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706155739">true</strong> will ignore data in the next row.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455"></a><a name="lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455"></a>reject_limit<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a5193ed25d11c495c997bdd4739ac9b56"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455"></a><a name="lff1a3b7e86664932b1bb2f44bb740455"></a>Specifies the maximum number of data format errors allowed during a data import task. If the number of errors does not reach the maximum number, the data import task can still be executed.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__na569244f8e864de2859f71b7437de9c7"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a6b3ce4efd30141488df7a2105aa5cf1f">You are advised to replace this syntax with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706172449">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value'</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a4053dec24f5346b0b0f14c4a248963ee">Examples of data format errors include the following: a column is lost, an extra column exists, a data type is incorrect, and encoding is incorrect. Once a non-data format error occurs, the whole data import process is stopped.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a643fff5d193849b6a197170c49b27f2b">Value range: a positive integer or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706153634">unlimited</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ad6622046d7934adcaebbd4abafe7d4c5">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706161911">0</strong>, indicating that error information is returned immediately.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note63792038171051"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p37257431171051">Enclose positive integer values with single quotation marks ('').</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l2c67e08f1cc14a198cf025f1129b8208">mode<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a4850d93e1e9146bdb3d779e3d30533e9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l2c67e08f1cc14a198cf025f1129b8208"></a><a name="l2c67e08f1cc14a198cf025f1129b8208"></a>Specifies the data import policy during a specific data import process. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__text1356670670">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b897442416916">Normal</strong> mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a11956049414c4f038611eb01f8cf2938">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ubb03696363c040e1980e94be961464f8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lf36bc5abcfa44ebc836c6ebcce0ddf6d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706135444">Normal</strong> (default): supports all file types (CSV, TEXT, FIXED). Enabling Gauss data service to help data import.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a>eol<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ac972f10899ca443c8019167639eb78ea"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a>Specifies the newline character style of the imported or exported data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a1b0c62fd2c5b48c8846081c1cc472715">Value range: multi-character newline characters within 10 bytes. Common newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b742813910818">\r</strong> (0x0D), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b144287391581">\n</strong> (0x0A), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1742815392811">\r\n</strong> (0x0D0A). Special newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b24308393814">$</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b15430103920817">#</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note4822103112229"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul13825143117221"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li8771574226">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1689318226248">eol</strong> parameter supports only the TEXT format for data import and export and does not support the CSV or FIXED format for data import. For forward compatibility, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b105791814514">eol</strong> parameter can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b18161857161618">0x0D</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b208171557111613">0x0D0A</strong> for data export in the CSV and FIXED formats.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li47725710222">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b86952235012">eol</strong> parameter cannot be the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b3757824105313">DELIMITER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b19759152418535">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1777105742214">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b19230113185119">eol</strong> parameter value cannot contain lowercase letters, digits, or dot (.).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li718215784217"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li718215784217"></a><a name="li718215784217"></a>conflict_delimiter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1285215176422"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li718215784217"></a><a name="li718215784217"></a>This parameter is generally used with the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55">compatible_illegal_chars</a> parameter. If a data file contains a truncated Chinese character, the truncated character and a delimiter will be encoded into another Chinese character due to inconsistent encoding between the foreign table and the database. As a result, the delimiter is masked and an error will be reported, indicating that there are missing fields.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p97961341154717">This parameter is used to avoid encoding a truncated character and a delimiter into another character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p441155205019">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b7349639165412">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b6354153914542">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1035516392549">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b153551391544">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b12740191711557">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b107451617105517">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul0747831185115"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1174783145112">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b16388102215552">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b17393132217555">on</strong>, encoding a truncated character and a delimiter into another character is allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li2747123119515">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b11940132155510">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b19945173215559">off</strong>, encoding a truncated character and a delimiter into another character is not allowed.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note3797114225316"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p187971442185315">This parameter is disabled by default. It is recommended that you disable this parameter, because encoding a truncated character and a delimiter into another character is rarely required. If the parameter is enabled, the scenario may be incorrectly identified and thereby causing incorrect information imported to the table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li148341029172620"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li148341029172620"></a><a name="li148341029172620"></a>file_type<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p118348299261"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li148341029172620"></a><a name="li148341029172620"></a>Specifies the type of the file to be imported or exported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p4938120155215">Value options: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b178811938191211">normal</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b788633819129">pipe</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1574274215120">normal</strong> is the default value.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul13834152914266"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li16834112922616">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b5611144511218">normal</strong>, the file to be imported or exported is a common file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li58341329132620">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b17160151141215">pipe</strong>, the file to be imported or exported is a named pipe.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4151040112612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4151040112612"></a><a name="li4151040112612"></a>auto_create_pipe<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p315184042618"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li4151040112612"></a><a name="li4151040112612"></a>This parameter specifies whether the GDS process automatically creates a named pipe.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p101534012266">Value options: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b692211814135">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b0927178131320">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b189275861312">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b17927128141316">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b3466312101312">true</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b10471171212136">on</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul1151140162617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li21524017263">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1814412311820">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b121452351811">on</strong>, the GDS process is allowed to automatically create a named pipe.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li191574092614">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b11124530181816">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b0125153051817">off</strong>, you need to manually create a named pipe.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note1587864503416"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul296320287199"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1963142815197">When setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b27419361185">auto_create_pipe</strong>, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b174643601815">file_type</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1074613671814">pipe</strong>. Otherwise, the foreign table cannot be created.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li196322810199">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b96643419184">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1566964112184">false</strong> and no pipe is specified during data import and export, the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i566924141810">database name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i14669134118182">schema name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i966916411186">foreign table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b66708416184">.pipe</strong> file will be opened. If a pipe has been specified, the specified pipe in the location will be opened. If the named pipe is not written by other programs or is not opened in write mode within the period specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b83551919121418">pipe-timeout</strong> parameter, an error message is displayed indicating that the import or export task times out. If the file is not a pipe, an error is reported when the import or export task is executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li109631028141917">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b18606954161813">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2611454121820">true</strong> and no pipe file is specified during data import and export, the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i1961105414188">database name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i17611354181818">schema name</em>_<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i1561245411189">foreign table name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2612165410188">.pipe</strong> file will be opened. If the file is a common file, an error is reported when the file is imported or exported. If the file is a pipe, the system automatically deletes the file and re-creates the named pipe.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li896413289198">You can use the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l6a4cdf99a0364e289119f03b114b8b62">location</a> parameter to specify the pipe when exporting data, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b162763181919">location'gsfs://127.0.0.1:7789/aa.pipe</strong>. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b13276141141915">auto_create_pipe</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b02769119191">true</strong>, GDS automatically creates the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b227619111193">aa.pipe</strong> file in the data directory.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l34050622afbb479f9fa28baad3df33d5">fix<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a15b171e903aa4252a2c5e6d8bfc43399"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l34050622afbb479f9fa28baad3df33d5"></a><a name="l34050622afbb479f9fa28baad3df33d5"></a>Specifies the length of fixed format data. The unit is byte. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ab8f06f69c98b47a08da6df0de9b8ea68">Value range: Less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706153032">1 GB</strong>, and greater than or equal to the total length specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706153049">POSITION</strong> (The total length is the sum of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706153120">offset</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706153126">length</strong> in the last column of the table definition.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li595261833718">out_fix_alignment<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1039919359396"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li595261833718"></a><a name="li595261833718"></a>Specifies how the columns of the types BYTEAOID, CHAROID, NAMEOID, TEXTOID, BPCHAROID, VARCHAROID, NVARCHAR2OID, and CSTRINGOID are aligned during fixed-length export.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p19571718103717">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706155322">align_left</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706155318">align_right</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p186721844133916">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706103226">align_right</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note1233284665717"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p4336546125717">The bytea data type must be in hexadecimal format (for example, \XXXX) or octal format (for example, \XXX\XXX\XXX). The data to be imported must be left-aligned (that is, the column data starts with either of the two formats instead of spaces). Therefore, if the exported file needs to be imported using a GDS foreign table and the file data length is less than that specified by the foreign table formatter, the exported file must be left aligned. Otherwise, an error is reported during the import.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad">date_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a6ecaddd7df78470796edd8773879df6a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad"></a><a name="ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad"></a>Imports data of the DATE type. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p596841495210">Value range: any valid DATE value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n2ae322a0b1104a29bbe228fc4fe93bd5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a94fab4a790564777a700ab63d637d7b8">If ORACLE is specified as the compatible database, the DATE format is TIMESTAMP. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058965600_b84235270617158">timestamp_format</strong> below.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb">time_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p612537510226"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb"></a><a name="l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb"></a>Imports data of the TIME type. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a703907b3cbf04e83a9541a31a3ae184f">Value range: any valid TIME value. Time zones cannot be used. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56">timestamp_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p678944610616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56"></a><a name="lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56"></a>Imports data of the TIMESTAMP type. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a4ef04a24caaf4515b0e7eaef6139df24">Value range: any valid TIMESTAMP value. Time zones are not supported. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a">smalldatetime_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a5d4b686db9bf4696a57286917e570209"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a"></a><a name="lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a"></a>Imports data of the SMALLDATETIME type. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a9403ae614bf040c4af6baedcc58a791d">Value range: any valid SMALLDATETIME value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55"></a><a name="l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55"></a>compatible_illegal_chars<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a41609239065d423ea4011787a049a501"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55"></a><a name="l1355aef8984145488d8b1e213302bf55"></a>Enables or disables fault tolerance on invalid characters during data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a3cdf2c40b9454e749445d8721007dc8f">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b997271541">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1622931214">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b2110984321">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b485550954">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1809805822">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b797501433">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__u83509eccccc641189d12b0c635bfa87f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ldaa9d13297284ef8832d35464c3d2c88">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706164851">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617308">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated and imported to the database after conversion.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l28b4dc7f47484518851d29c62fc8e24f">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617314">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b8423527061672">off</strong> and an error occurs when there are invalid characters, the import will be interrupted.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n6f1c9538fe4a40e4957de0b203119d3d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a6c385ed7543442e09d0b1223d84b11f1">The rule of error tolerance when you import invalid characters is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__abee94d397cf9461abed921a6e38b5e41">(1) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b47212053125412">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__affaa96e5d5a847308a0257dda20149f4">(2) Other invalid characters are converted to question marks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a4143cfdd78e548cb9f954a48d05b8434">(3) If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b14982059115410">compatible_illegal_chars</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b998813594542">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b0988145919542">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1698915918542">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b149901659145414">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1299085945419">QUOTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b799125917549">ESCAPE</strong> are set to a spaces or question marks. Errors like "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" will be displayed to prompt user to modify parameter values that cause confusion, preventing import errors.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l64d4b214cd4449c9a565bc1f5543e2ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ac5f5c4c49fea4b5b8388f2188de1f7a7">READ ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__abcb591bd18e24658b279b5b7883f2fc5">Specifies whether a foreign table is read-only. This parameter is available only for data import.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__lc7504ce2a2854ba59b3f283feaa13f89"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a8b7e77e28162436a8bb6f9d881ac7007">WRITE ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a13176b63e8464ff1a6f6c4244dec5261">Specifies whether a foreign table is write-only. This parameter is available only for data import.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l38d1f5d8d31946d1ac878003337961a6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l38d1f5d8d31946d1ac878003337961a6"></a><a name="l38d1f5d8d31946d1ac878003337961a6"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aa6bab8d3fd574fc1bb2c5cc385c8b7c7">WITH error_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a23f4a6e9803e44dc94ceefe8aa9abe05">Specifies the table where data format errors generated during parallel data import are recorded. You can query the error information table after data is imported to obtain error details. This parameter is available only after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706163218">reject_limit</strong> is set.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n20e5b56c24454a3480cbe9fe107a89eb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__en-us_topic_0059778310_p359307615315">To be compatible with PostgreSQL open source interfaces, you are advised to replace this syntax with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270617318">LOG INTO</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__abc021aa0f69c44a0a4b08b31b3185255">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l0197538463034921bffa55634fa035d2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l0197538463034921bffa55634fa035d2"></a><a name="l0197538463034921bffa55634fa035d2"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a5b165b3fc337446b8449ac6da9af1d9b">LOG INTO error_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aad5650ac8ba9429c987904bedfc73d20">Specifies the table where data format errors generated during parallel data import are recorded. You can query the error information table after data is imported to obtain error details.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__n1d0f5c7aafe349e6bb6e3bafeb34cd15"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a64f20191791f40cd929cf25d5a4ed8bc">This parameter is available only after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b655416720185659">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> is set.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ab4a13ddff376449dbdd11c26c4c0cd86">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li155121304200"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li155121304200"></a><a name="li155121304200"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b13353152464112">file_sequence</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p2022644922015">Concurrently imports data in parallel through GDS foreign tables, to improve single-file import performance. This parameter is only used for data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p270387162720">The parameter format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b8173349123014">file_sequence</strong>'<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i1495135293115">total number of shards</em>-<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__i553714122321">current shard</em>'. Example:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p827363919222"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b390992215322">file_sequence '3-1'</strong> indicates that the imported file is logically split into three shards and the data currently imported by the foreign table is the data on the first shard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1172583216245"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b553352710362">file_sequence '3-2'</strong> indicates that the imported file is logically split into three shards and the data currently imported by the foreign table is the data on the second shard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p726165612414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b96951346183617">file_sequence '3-3'</strong> indicates that the imported file is logically split into three shards and the data currently imported by the foreign table is the data on the third shard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p12752111795413">This parameter has the following constraints:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ul188296466554"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li1869617272552">A file can be split to a maximum of 8 shards.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li16938123212567">The number of currently imported shard should be less than or equal to the total number of split shards.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li7752155575614">Only CSV and TXT files can be imported.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__note195572300270"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1557163022710">When data is imported in parallel in CSV format, some shards fail to be imported in the following scenario because the CSV rules conflict with the GDS splitting logic:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p12691316608">Scenario: A CSV file contains a newline character that is not escaped, the newline character is contained in the character specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b1526274615419">quote</strong>, and the data of this line is in the first row of the logical shard.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p14827945154111">For example, if you import the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b0424781422">big.csv</strong> file in parallel, the following information is displayed:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__screen1591315232055">--id, username, address
+10001,"customer1 name","Rose District"
+10002,"customer2 name","
+23 Road Rose 
+District NewCity"
+10003,"customer3 name","NewCity"</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1645192314333">After the file is split into two shards, the content of the first shard is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__screen17472191517714">10001,"customer1 name","Rose District"
+10002,"customer2 name","
+23</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p1059610318358">The content of the second shard is as follows:</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__screen15175325973">Road Rose 
+District NewCity"
+10003,"customer3 name","NewCity"</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p84327364364">The newline character after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b135501315104314">23 Road Rose</strong> in the first line of the second shard is contained between double quotation marks. As a result, GDS cannot determine whether the newline character is a newline character in the field or a separator in the line. Therefore, two data records on the first shard are successfully imported, but the second shard fails to be imported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__leffe0ccd2877448f88dab7b30cea8b7d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__leffe0ccd2877448f88dab7b30cea8b7d"></a><a name="leffe0ccd2877448f88dab7b30cea8b7d"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a45384e0c01294002ba2b58df84f66b52">REMOTE LOG 'name'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ac3f1643eb0d947628d6b25b63d695a02">The data format error information is saved as files in GDS. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706161211">name</strong> is the prefix of the error data file.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l858bbb2e7da849a8a52f3e80dd08ff74"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__l858bbb2e7da849a8a52f3e80dd08ff74"></a><a name="l858bbb2e7da849a8a52f3e80dd08ff74"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a581c6c5dff43462a8690a275d832004f">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a45e123c6519a46e98baa8ba22f19fcce">This parameter specifies the allowed number of data format errors on each DN during data import. If the number of errors exceeds the specified value on any DN, data import fails, an error is reported, and the system exits data import.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__nf376d36cb0de4cf7ad9186cf494f4eed"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a97b53d1744d943a3ba13c8998ffc5448">This syntax specifies the error tolerance of a single node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__abfd076d156834c11b7ee51958aff5f33">Examples of data format errors include the following: a column is lost, an extra column exists, a data type is incorrect, and encoding is incorrect. When a non-data format error occurs, the whole data import process stops.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__aad13b2515c684e4d99dbf17151c47dab">Value range: integer, unlimited. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270619152">0</strong>, indicating that error information is returned immediately.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__li234313210232"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__ae3a58cce858a4746a33e116011f28202">TO { GROUP groupname | NODE ( nodename [, ... ] ) }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p15347732112318">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b84235270615293">TO GROUP</strong> cannot be used. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b842352706152947">TO NODE</strong> is used for internal scale-out tools.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__saa469adb80a64c2eb3e5862ba68f52a1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p159919589267">Create a foreign table<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b032516813107">customer_ft</strong> to import data from GDS server 10.10.123.234 in TEXT format.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__screen1226814206276"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_ft</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_current_cdemo_sk</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_current_hdemo_sk</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_current_addr_sk</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_first_shipto_date_sk</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_first_sales_date_sk</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_salutation</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_first_name</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_last_name</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_preferred_cust_flag</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_birth_day</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_birth_month</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_birth_year</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_birth_country</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_login</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_email_address</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">c_last_review_date</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://10.10.123.234:5000/customer1*.dat'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TEXT'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'|'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Normal'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__p897722673310">Create a foreign table to import data from GDS servers 192.168.0.90 and 192.168.0.91 in TEXT format. Record errors that occur during data import in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__b590716191101">foreign_HR_staffS_ft</strong>. A maximum of two data format errors are allowed during the data import.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__screen116249818372"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_HR_staffS_ft</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">staff_ID</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">FIRST_NAME</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">LAST_NAME</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">EMAIL</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">PHONE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">HIRE_DATE</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">employment_ID</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SALARY</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">COMMISSION_PCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">MANAGER_ID</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">section_ID</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'gsfs://192.168.0.90:5000/* | gsfs://192.168.0.91:5000/*'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TEXT'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">reject_limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">err_HR_staffS_ft</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__section12388162911613"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990722__a1772fc11d8634a938b6cdfedeadae177"><a href="dws_06_0123.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0160.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0160.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for OBS Import and Export)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s12db42a7819f41648468320f27b7bec4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p83326211476"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b46321170135">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> creates a foreign table in the current database for parallel data import and export of OBS data. The server used is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1084121081314">gsmpp_server</strong>, which is created by the database by default.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__note122379223317"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p7237822631">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) does not support OBS foreign table import and export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s2b9a41e45ec24cb7a231824b765f4641"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u52bc7999abd045f5a2fcf1dd3967fde1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li1754985318017">Only the data in text and CSV formats is supported, and the OBS connection should be configured. ORC and CarbonData data on OBS is not applicable. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0161.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li1811314281102">An OBS foreign table can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1715244139">READ ONLY</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b17715245131">WRITE ONLY</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1977132112212">READ ONLY</strong>. To import data to the cluster, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b449762911139">READ ONLY</strong> for the foreign table. To export data, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b10497102921310">WRITE ONLY</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l6b3ea7f1420441eca23d0a46fa53c7e4">The foreign table is owned by the user who runs the command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_la58616dc8825477ba4aba4409cf16711">The distribution mode of an OBS foreign table does not need to be explicitly specified. The default mode is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b12732654152214">ROUNDROBIN</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_la9218fbb7f824ab793f8483b74a8fb19">Only constraints in <a href="dws_06_0161.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s0b7a85d0acff48e79ada2f91d1e79a0f">Informational Constraint</a> take effect for an OBS foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li134351442149">Ensure no Chinese characters are contained in paths used for importing data to or exporting data from OBS.</li></ul>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__table1168152155011" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Read and write formats supported by OBS foreign tables</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row1116919216505"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p181694218505">Data Type</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p116512023135310">User-built Server</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p198251542115116">gsmpp_server</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row6170102175019"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p6170172114502">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001145830873_p13910016314">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001145830873_p184090193118">WRITE ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p117052115017">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p567072615610">WRITE ONLY</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row13170122175018"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1517092135017">ORC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1117092115503">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p517052111501">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p2170152113503">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p11170112175018">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row1170102113505"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p3170102165011">CARBONDATA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p81711219503">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p14171122125018">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p191714210500">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p171711921145017">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row617112215505"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p13171192165010">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p13171121155017">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1717120214501">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1917112112501">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1517113217506">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row317162165015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p517111211500">CSV</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1617192110509">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p71719216500">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p10171162195016">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1417110211506">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__row1117182115501"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p417116211507">JSON</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p8172152135013">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p151721217509">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p13172821125014">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.6.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p8172172113509">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s20457043dc34451cb10216599d38c284"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_sf753293a3d614e76a6545278be2f7697">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS  ] table_name 
+( { column_name type_name [column_constraint ]
+    | LIKE source_table | table_constraint [, ...]} [, ...] ) 
+SERVER gsmpp_server 
+OPTIONS (  { option_name ' value '  }  [, ...] ) 
+[  { WRITE ONLY  |  READ ONLY  }] 
+[ WITH error_table_name | LOG INTO error_table_name] 
+[PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value']  ;</pre>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u12f25adbbfc1476eac54513a06df5d42"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l0853db3ecc624fadb9517073e0b0cc3d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b8423527069598">column_constraint</strong> is as follows:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_sf6663d2f6f0a484cb3bc2610af37199e">[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
+{PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE}
+[NOT ENFORCED [ENABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION | DISABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION] | ENFORCED]</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc6dae7b51e484e0b8ff213eefdf8a56e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b84235270695921">table_constraint</strong> is as follows:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s01dd63d784ff4040b95a08853f3d656c">[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
+{PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE} (column_name)
+[NOT ENFORCED [ENABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION | DISABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION] | ENFORCED]</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_section29925922112759"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Overview</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_p71601111286"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1294123914239">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> provides multiple parameters, which are classified as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ul25683940113016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_li51057566113016">Mandatory parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ul2727588311311"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_li1203002113059"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l1e116805692646b8a2ca3d93aef5b958">table_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_li31635979113225"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2518be16d19e4cafbe13a99ccaf99af0">column_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_li49307949113237"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l176fa84ebc0a4aa9a13d121a21f08851">type_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_li19069486113251"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l476b88f42a094b16bd42e78b93c6c5d3">SERVER gsmpp_server</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li20435204217422"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d">access_key</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li698392154314"><a href="dws_06_0160.html">secret_access_key</a></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li113952514193"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l9e47719322234105b24a0882253c15fe">OPTIONS parameters</a><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul6394124581819"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li14438046161812">Data source location parameter in foreign tables: <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b">location</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1852010124194">Data format parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul164321036144516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li743133613457"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437">format</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li9431153614518"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d">header</a> (Only CSV and FIXED formats are supported.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li643133616453"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20">delimiter</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li543113363451"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068">quote</a> (Only the CSV format is supported.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li2431436164513"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc">escape</a> (Only the CSV format is supported.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li11431336154513"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c">null</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1243283617459"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b">noescaping</a> (Only the TEXT format is supported.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li18432173674510"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff">encoding</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li182681525131510"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li163076215411">eol</a></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li16959102817195">Error-tolerance parameters<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul1543283634517"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li34321736194510"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192">fill_missing_fields</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li6432536144516"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef">ignore_extra_data</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li14432173611454"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d">compatible_illegal_chars</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li64328363457"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lb3d7bb6ade724417b2a19bd41c30bc90">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'val...</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li154322364459"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld7597049cd774e1b95cf9133139f6051">LOG INTO error_table_name</a></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1843243618453"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc83138913ec84fab81c7e1a0fe62218e">WITH error_table_name</a></li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s3ae5c1ae32f441fc8bfc024f46236ad7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_uc6b7d12a147349eda9721dcec9833db4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l1687d7080fa4453a909903a90f05f6f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a8e8d435ff51c47eba5af13d067844901">IF NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a94263e88b11b40c58d8dd44d67c600ed">Does not throw an error if a table with the same name exists. A notice is issued in this case.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l1e116805692646b8a2ca3d93aef5b958"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l1e116805692646b8a2ca3d93aef5b958"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l1e116805692646b8a2ca3d93aef5b958"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a3b9b241872f3420bbea47ca73fd21e15">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a76d68e98381b4690b1befaa8ade90e97">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a9a880a6e87604c3eae89cbfb622040e5">Value range: a string compliant with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2518be16d19e4cafbe13a99ccaf99af0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2518be16d19e4cafbe13a99ccaf99af0"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2518be16d19e4cafbe13a99ccaf99af0"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a369cd2eb176b4c6e90f466383d976035">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ab3fe9f4306c343b8896f18400502ba31">Specifies the name of a column in the foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ad6107c5fc7fc43ae967bbbfc5323feaf">Value range: a string compliant with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l176fa84ebc0a4aa9a13d121a21f08851"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l176fa84ebc0a4aa9a13d121a21f08851"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l176fa84ebc0a4aa9a13d121a21f08851"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a7c8061065a4e43db9cb4ba405c672178">type_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5e50355de781487ebf6f5d476e3e50ac">Specifies the data type of the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l476b88f42a094b16bd42e78b93c6c5d3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l476b88f42a094b16bd42e78b93c6c5d3"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l476b88f42a094b16bd42e78b93c6c5d3"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a0b4468aadf134cde83b591839be196f1">SERVER gsmpp_server</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a9f7d08cca67f4ca28f6e1540fa112c99">Specifies the server name of the foreign table. In the OBS foreign table, its server <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b984993212814">gsmpp_server</strong> is created by the initial database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l9e47719322234105b24a0882253c15fe"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l9e47719322234105b24a0882253c15fe"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l9e47719322234105b24a0882253c15fe"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a86414c1dac6c44349f98293ab3e88717">OPTIONS (  { option_name ' value '  }  [, ...] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a68f034ad24b74cb4860ed15b0fc905e6">Specifies parameters of foreign table data.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u42d254ef3d814163b5243a34b62d82c9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l6654c017343a41d3921a8d5f9544dcad">encrypt<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_add7852ddabb74b7e8614337fd4ee1051"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l6654c017343a41d3921a8d5f9544dcad"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l6654c017343a41d3921a8d5f9544dcad"></a>Specifies whether HTTPS is enabled for data transfer. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1155974519119">on</strong> enables HTTPS and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b15804727171018">off</strong> disables it (in this case, HTTP is used). The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b149510377100">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d"></a>access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_adcf8ac4265e943fdb3df0d153bbe8168"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l91fc6d1438d74165809df29852adb50d"></a>Indicates the access key (AK, obtained from the user information on the console) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its AK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc6787d2f7a684eb58877a823cd45427d">secret_access_key:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a72d4c5e69e614e70bc44e8bc0a29d88d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc6787d2f7a684eb58877a823cd45427d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc6787d2f7a684eb58877a823cd45427d"></a>Indicates the secret access key (SK, obtained from the user information on the console) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its SK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l0a0547533d2f412a9dcbad0564752c54">chunksize<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_abe8d54242bf8404d8125cd13fa77fd64"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l0a0547533d2f412a9dcbad0564752c54"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l0a0547533d2f412a9dcbad0564752c54"></a>Specifies the cache read by each OBS thread on a DN. Its value range is 8 to 512 in the unit of MB. Its default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b186372113717">64</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b"></a>location<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a49503c37e2f8408881b07cfa611f9ba0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2721bcdfcf8a4391ae5148dd06067e3b"></a>Specifies the data source location of a foreign table. Currently, only URLs are allowed. Multiple URLs are separated using vertical bars (|).</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_note1691517427213"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul29176429216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li129181429212">The URL of a read-only foreign table (the default permission is read-only) can end with the path prefix or the full path of the target object in the format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b172052671818">obs://</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i1693232916183">Bucket</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b0328132121819">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i201251534171815">Prefix</em>. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i11601144183911">Prefix</em> indicates the prefix of an object path, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b2333104213420">obs://mybucket/tpch/nation/</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li197498241418">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b6715650112414">region</strong> parameter is explicitly specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b20715135082414">obs://</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__i8716125016242">Bucket</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b971665072417">/</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__i107161950102416">Prefix</em>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b47164507248">region</strong> will be read. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b77175507242">region</strong> parameter is not specified, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b107176505243">defaultRegion</strong> will be read.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li139242420215">The URL of a writable foreign table does not need to contain a file name. You can specify only one data source location for a foreign table. The directory corresponding to the location must be created before you specify the location.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li17932154211212">URLs specified for a read-only foreign table must be different.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li526233810554">Specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b384425919506">location</strong> when inserting data to a foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li24711655165315">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b557373011425">location</strong> parameter supports prefixes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b757433024211">gsobs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b18574153015426">obs</strong>, which are identified as OBS information. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b957418307427">location</strong> should be followed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b25751530174219">gsobs</strong>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i85751330124220">OBS URL</em>, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i8575163012424">Bucket</em>, or by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1957593017421">obs</strong> and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i05766303429">Bucket</em>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p1568615471063">When importing and exporting data, you are advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b19535154516108">location</strong> parameter as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul147371925918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li682553917720">You are advised to specify a file name for <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p8d4cde64e6504e449c2afb158066d8e6"><b>location</b></span> during data import. If you only specify an OBS bucket or directory, all text files in it will be imported. An error message will be reported if the data format is incorrect. If you set fault tolerance, a large amount of data may be imported to the fault-tolerant table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1423511813814">Multiple files in an OBS bucket can be imported at the same time. The matched files are imported based on the file name prefix.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p71467910818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1423511813814"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1423511813814"></a>For example, you can identify and import the following two files after specifying the prefix <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b84235270615720">mybucket/input_data/product_info</strong> in <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_parmname39091339415656"><b>location</b></span>:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_sa51e57890d904104b17208f9b319d387">mybucket/input_data/product_info.0
+mybucket/input_data/product_info.1</pre>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li186681639388">If you specify a file name, for example, <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath420031885172124"><b>1.csv</b></span>, then other files (like <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath2093757098175439"><b>1.csv1</b></span> or <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath1618437233175439"><b>1.csv22</b></span>) starting with <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath1786059585175314"><b>1.csv</b></span> in the bucket or directory where <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath552207826175410"><b>1.csv</b></span> resides will be automatically imported. That is, files, such as <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath178662365410313"><b>1.csv1</b></span> and <span class="filepath" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_filepath111652321710313"><b>1.csv22</b></span>, are automatically imported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li152691643486">To specify multiple URLs in OBS mode, separate URLs by using vertical bars (|). In gsobs mode, only one URL can be specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li178851252293">During data export, a directory is generated for <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0103068322_parmname14636181732018"><b>location</b></span> by default. If you specify only a file name, the system automatically creates a directory whose name starts with the file name and then generates the file that stores the exported data. The file name is automatically generated by GaussDB(DWS).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li118146170916">You can specify one path for <span class="parmname" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_parmname168943122103"><b>location</b></span> only during data export.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li63348327371">region<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p332713407313"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li63348327371"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li63348327371"></a>(Optional) Specifies the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b759271122419">regionCode</strong>, which indicates the region information on the cloud.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p149561863108">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1919527193514">region</strong> parameter is explicitly specified, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1619657143514">region</strong> will be read. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b15196675351">region</strong> parameter is not specified, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b15197979356">defaultRegion</strong> will be read.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_note474917291820"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_p1318314311929">Note the following when setting parameters for importing or exporting OBS foreign tables in TEXT or CSV format:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul1818420317213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li4186103110216">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b87092196546">location</strong> parameter is mandatory. The prefixes <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b127093192541">gsobs</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1571111985414">obs</strong> indicate file locations on OBS. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b8712121995413">gsobs</strong> prefix should be followed by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i1871316192542">obs url</em>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i15714121935417">bucket</em>, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i1771661915411">prefix</em>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1471771945413">obs</strong> prefix should be followed by <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i1971961935415">bucket</em> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_i672071915549">prefix</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li21991131326">The data sources of multiple buckets are separated by vertical bars (|), for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b122413785415">LOCATION 'obs://bucket1/folder/ | obs://bucket2/'</strong>. The database scans all objects in the specified folders.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437"></a>format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aa750bda80fb641d380cd8aed9f78b5b2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l02cd20d09e064a269bf43102e1ca1437"></a>Specifies the format of the source data file in a foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5218d7dedba0469e9f72b57e1f171bfa">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b168171843104617">CSV</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1981734354610">TEXT</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b8818243104616">TEXT</strong>. GaussDB(DWS) only supports CSV and TEXT formats.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u570c000c912540bcadff2d09b4356f3c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l37c2bee4e75140d8bdb7fd6188faa132">CSV (comma-separated format):<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u36c34db0078d43aca9bc8f49e588afd9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l7d477d8b579447e38699e50e04928093">The CSV file can process linefeeds efficiently, but cannot process certain special characters very well.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l18c6b00007d9472d8d12fcd8a50d3225">A CSV file is composed of records that are separated as columns by delimiters. Each record shares the same column sequence.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lfcda9adffb7c4f789b3a3bbc3be2eab6">TEXT (text format):<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_uf68df508831d44fd879137874b033a5d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lfd70c07195534f5cbee19a69c946effc">Records are separated as columns by linefeed. The TEXT file can process special characters efficiently, but cannot process linefeeds well.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d"></a>header<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ac3da8efa49914dd8b188d3c8b5116544"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2e762d0f0291481b978b0acbd1521e3d"></a>Specifies whether a file contains a header with the names of each column in the file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0103068322_en-us_topic_0101295172_p1722954817188">When OBS exports data, this parameter cannot be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b2673649201817">true</strong>. Use the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b667454910183">false</strong>, indicating that the first row of the exported data file is not the header.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ae9deab21030643c886371d1724c31d1e">When data is imported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1484515125418">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b16847105175413">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as the header and ignored. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b95684514271">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b35712457274">off</strong>, the first row will be identified as a data row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a03b37914583b4147b5a1f8eceb0598d4">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706174916">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b84235270616240">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b8423527061633">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706174924">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706164830">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b84235270616558">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20"></a>delimiter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a3f50f7cb25954ae09671288907b1c797"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc2eb777e6164c60a35d88181ac54d20"></a>Specifies the column delimiter of data. Use the default delimiter if it is not set. The default delimiter of TEXT is a tab and that of CSV is a comma (,).</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n3d9f9b5aa7324a5e8d421fd26874fc01"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u10b19e271d994a629d42280b3e93e804"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_le2a8a876c8244ae392fc5fbbdef9d4f0">The delimiter of TEXT cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b154487154566">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b18450131515565">\n</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc8f7905c5b5647f5a81e1b2efefd9c2a">A delimiter cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b592173495113">null</strong> value. The delimiter for the CSV format cannot be same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b139229346511">quote</strong> value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l555ab7e8ba1a4f14b5341b8a2af974bc">The delimiter for the TEXT format data cannot contain backslash (\), lowercase letters, digits, or dot (.).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lfdb90a8b87ce43f6b05d59970fbd595b">The data length of a single row should be less than 1 GB. A row that has many columns using long delimiters cannot contain much valid data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf59ce1120dc44f3e8b1680cb53ff38e8">You are advised to use a multi-character string, such as the combination of the dollar sign ($), caret (^), and ampersand (&amp;), or invisible characters, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b as the delimiter.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a7a9d59eba6674ff49d0791343cfa3e6a">Value range:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a2277e4cb1eaf432e97265f6d92c88385">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b67231750205614">delimiter</strong> can be a multi-character delimiter whose length is less than or equal to 10 bytes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068"></a>quote<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ae31ce5b23702461088a1abaec12a900a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l50b8f261d3c449e989662626550b7068"></a>Specifies the quotation mark for the CSV format. The default value is a double quotation mark (").</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_nb1b12d8141e144b5931df23650ac3995"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u8f7e0dd21aad497e8ef96793c5369fff"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l11bbfd3171b14abf9d7ab9894c61a6ff">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b13266819125717">quote</strong> value cannot be the same as the delimiter or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b132673193575">null</strong> value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l229370a8c8cc4786b939c16a729ca2ab">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1575411271578">quote</strong> value must be a single-byte character.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_le8c80cdf0fd84122b8e896f86f9968ca">Invisible characters are recommended as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b193398281611139">quote</strong> values, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc"></a>escape<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_acf34d1c9ba5244648b58d6ee80c09f25"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89f3a864abe54befb9b98234f2bd34dc"></a>Specifies an escape character for a CSV file. The value must be a single-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a6a5a77ca88e740559174873e2de32af0">The default value is a double quotation mark ("). If the value is the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b6535204693816">quote</strong> value, it will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1953644623817">\0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c"></a>null<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5c745d5b609f469da9274319ca178542"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l2fd004690cb34662b0b07ed5493be39c"></a>Specifies the string that represents a null value.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n940e5b59f5b445cbb2ea93066105d5d1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u1e22b27d810d4caf8d3900a4d37e0ff4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld447339225e542128408cec60c35f988">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b850181435819">null</strong> value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1352171418586">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b85218144580">\n</strong>. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lab2e61e25aa3458381de198439810621">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b84235270618146">null</strong> value cannot be the same as the delimiter or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706181413">quote</strong> value.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ad68659097db24af6b3aa6024daad5684">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ub7b5eec5f67542b79d8bd66fad5fcf15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l915dc60d08c94879b3adcee024bc21f9">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706154323">\N</strong> for the TEXT format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lda16629df3df44d9ba243042afec5fac">The default value for the CSV format is an empty string without quotation marks.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b"></a>noescaping<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ab02024e634984b7986db028ed5019e89"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc2550e9054ba426996765e851a0f555b"></a>Specifies whether to escape the backslash (\) and its following characters in the TEXT format.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_na2000afaf5284610a07a153933e20a9e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_af659661ced5b4d8aadf00ecaf1ff8816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b176721053121718">noescaping</strong> is available only for the TEXT format.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a97dff72491cf4af89bfdc5e22960763c">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b838915127">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b583889161">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1952738093">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1832648225">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b921451658">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b812362025">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff"></a>encoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a30e11e48f331478d9865957e79ad2dba"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5b46e2d544f84265a5116ad03d6cdcff"></a>Specifies the encoding of a data file, that is, the encoding used to parse, check, and generate a data file. Its default value is the default <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b542261751819">client_encoding</strong> value of the current database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a54ff764cddb34b218287dc1e2889b906">Before you import foreign tables, it is recommended that you set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b18846654114816">client_encoding</strong> to the file encoding format, or a format matching the character set of the file. Otherwise, unnecessary parsing and check errors may occur, leading to import errors, rollback, or even invalid data import. Before exporting foreign tables, you are also advised to specify this parameter, because the export result using the default character set may not be what you expect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_afdd8f68be54f44ac965eeba59c95efeb">If this parameter is not specified when you create a foreign table, a warning message will be displayed on the client.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n569e1097afd344529637a494706d0829"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a1063576357bc4ed4919459c457a89d82">Currently, OBS cannot parse a file using multiple character sets during foreign table import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aecf8e70031644e34859088c47a37e156">Currently, OBS cannot write a file using multiple character sets during foreign table export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192"></a>fill_missing_fields<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a618dae0b7e6b424aa33bf07fc27a8931"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lef2faac1a54446c59d3ff99a28cc7192"></a>Specifies how to handle the problem that the last column of a row in the source file is lost during data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aa7e5661804a44ebaa70af51cb187b517">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b2130981047">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b295154559">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b2112916028">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b539766693">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1522342365">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1562264191">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u4fbff24736744e2981e7b1a0517027a3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l199ba1411c3b4bd5b7b576a0616b8a8a">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b7764815154914">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b15766181564913">on</strong> and the last column of a data row in a source data file is lost, the column will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b37667157496">null</strong> and no error message will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l97741effb6264a86a9e44c4f41a8001f">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b39408301492">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1394373004914">off</strong> and the last column of a data row in a source data file is lost, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_se7345db5a66f4213bc2ac532a981b25d">missing data for column "tt"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef"></a>ignore_extra_data<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a94d848bbf4dc45d1b6dc389dadda91b1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf62d1cf82f1a4ee6bf1c497f19e0caef"></a>Specifies whether to ignore excessive columns when the number of columns in a source data file exceeds that defined in the foreign table. This parameter is available only for data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a10392571e59f4fbaafe01d7804b4b9bd">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1635293307">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1191734955">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b195448850">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1840231114">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1507500364">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1073756573">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_uf2be125a231a4b7f8737bb2fe31cf78e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lbfd357bb5a0a45a986701310398ca5a7">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b8477258154917">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1477155864920">on</strong> and the number of source data files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, excessive columns will be ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lb3d2cb2ce17c409c8d1d09ba5b761211">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1781717125016">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b11781617165011">off</strong> and the number of source data files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s5a6ea8f5af894742a161f21dc20f4b1a">extra data after last expected column</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_nab7bbfc8da29475880b6783c428d59bb"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ac7c3753cd69948e583947e72ddb80001">If the linefeed at the end of a row is lost and this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b712353118422">true</strong>, data in the next row will be ignored.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l7e1528806bfe498b91593f2873ddb5bc">reject_limit<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a7ca4ed515f854c528b43604cd2902c03"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l7e1528806bfe498b91593f2873ddb5bc"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l7e1528806bfe498b91593f2873ddb5bc"></a>Specifies the maximum number of data format errors allowed during a data import task. If the number of errors does not reach the maximum number, the data import task can still be executed.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n7be3b3adf73246db9fdf6dca3357cf1b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a509f3ce53cd84d60b7df46aae49addbc">You are advised to replace this syntax with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b984143015311">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value'</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_af702f96458414ba6979866282f2a02b6">Examples of data format errors include the following: a column is lost, an extra column exists, a data type is incorrect, and encoding is incorrect. When a non-data format error occurs, the whole data import process is stopped.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aa1286d4b63ea4e239ba7f162bcdceb51">Value range: an integer and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b5265412542">unlimited</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5151e6fd68de4b7180dd69189ab7f735">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1415792110549">0</strong>, indicating that error information is returned immediately.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li163076215411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li163076215411"></a><a name="li163076215411"></a>eol<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p1630715211847"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li163076215411"></a><a name="li163076215411"></a>Specifies the newline character style of the imported or exported data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__p73071221741">Value range: multi-character newline characters within 10 bytes. Common newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1822314017555">\r</strong> (0x0D), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b12292013556">\n</strong> (0x0A), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b52299065519">\r\n</strong> (0x0D0A). Special newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b923070115510">$</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b523050155513">#</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__note53071921446"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__ul63081921441"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li16348548441">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b14845141214558">eol</strong> parameter supports only the TEXT format for data import.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li330842117419">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b1931115251555">eol</strong> parameter cannot be the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b731120259556">delimiter</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b73119258559">null</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__li030872113411">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b67995277553">eol</strong> parameter cannot contain digits, letters, or periods (.).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lecd11554a6b24f0b80f135bc8e2ad17d">date_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a4f67f7ecf122456f91a3eafdbaf80125"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lecd11554a6b24f0b80f135bc8e2ad17d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lecd11554a6b24f0b80f135bc8e2ad17d"></a>Specifies the DATE format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a2e5907a293e346fd9ce6535571154475">Value range: a valid DATE value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n69515acb17334390910e808cdd1d36fb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a46a8624a514d41a6ad6004b6f7a608a7">If Oracle is specified as the compatible database, the DATE format is TIMESTAMP. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b2773113017561">timestamp_format</strong> below.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l99a6b20f1bb9475ba1ad53ebb47e0b90">time_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a0cd54aca2c2a47a4bf94400b80e5198d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l99a6b20f1bb9475ba1ad53ebb47e0b90"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l99a6b20f1bb9475ba1ad53ebb47e0b90"></a>Specifies the TIME format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5809efc766ae4b58a08b9feb4518dadf">Value range: any valid TIME value. Time zones cannot be used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5dfcd48a48a941a89a5f2f3a4b28156b">timestamp_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aec314d301a47416690bbc6944134dd48"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5dfcd48a48a941a89a5f2f3a4b28156b"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5dfcd48a48a941a89a5f2f3a4b28156b"></a>Specifies the TIMESTAMP format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a0e0a0919e0e44a828ffe9c9ee381a4ff">Value range: any valid TIMESTAMP value. Time zones cannot be used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lab718716e3c3457db106338f31c40f58">smalldatetime_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a51db0ed11ae74b88bb5be818117041a2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lab718716e3c3457db106338f31c40f58"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lab718716e3c3457db106338f31c40f58"></a>Specifies the SMALLDATETIME format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_accd8274f2d4b4849809e77029fe33a23">Value range: a valid SMALLDATETIME value.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d"></a>compatible_illegal_chars<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a4dc6e03bb5ee4d6ca500793333fed724"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l89bb7bce1f364bbdba8116aabe0a818d"></a>Specifies whether to enable fault tolerance on invalid characters during data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5c713175fae047e3b7957ae9f9c00e1d">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b2656739105713">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b19657183985714">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b17657639125715">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1657439125718">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b5597164220578">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1059864235710">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_u8f6f1572284e4909b0727d5052b16aef"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld69cc08a64ca47b7aa3a9c9aff0c6445">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1832634610578">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b5327184625712">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated and imported to the database after conversion.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf5c28d5290d140499554888842af0d8a">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1821910621010">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b122205651017">off</strong> and an error occurs when there are invalid characters, the import will be interrupted.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n7e087f39ab2d4ec5b0911f2dd027ba9d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5a3b7c9844cb4449a7655567fcd95436">On a Windows platform, if OBS reads data files using the TEXT format, 0x1A will be treated as an EOF symbol and a parsing error will occur. It is the implementation constraint of the Windows platform. Since OBS on a Windows platform does not support BINARY read, the data can be read by OBS on a Linux platform.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n23cfb794add54a2d80de376f1fdd96ff"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a2cad143cb6a94c5e976427c5e25fd4aa">The rule of error tolerance for invalid characters imported is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a470965ca7cb74cb49bdc79e971181522">(1) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1953048185917">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a7846a1cea2a4470ca3bcb9c3865ffe9a">(2) Other invalid characters are converted to question marks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a38c91d1878ed4c2ea2f13c4c7dd981c9">(3) If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b15449101525911">compatible_illegal_chars</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1644920159593">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b114491215125912">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1345110154594">null</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1845171555915">delimiter</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b34511715145911">quote</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b10452181518591">escape</strong> are set to a spaces or question marks, errors like "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" will be displayed to prompt users to change parameter values that cause confusion, preventing import errors.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lf2c6b65868b84e799be63abbdbe57823"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_af55abb9833b04926b0ddc9ab01b54ddb">READ ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a521f3086b3bf4e7aa0b76bebd6315a92">Specifies whether a foreign table is read-only. This parameter is available only for data import.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l87000d8a09244164980aab5c6ad6a3e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aa76d6f0df7aa45c5b4215d1bf9d1673e">WRITE ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ab635a760ec2143f8aa6e52d8a23e17f4">Specifies whether a foreign table is write-only. This parameter is available only for data import.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc83138913ec84fab81c7e1a0fe62218e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc83138913ec84fab81c7e1a0fe62218e"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lc83138913ec84fab81c7e1a0fe62218e"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a39c63a21a3a14d98b05837794d73e4ca">WITH error_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ad9f9b7d00d5946e68ad960c942163344">Specifies the table where data format errors generated during parallel data import are recorded. You can query the error information table after data is imported to obtain error details. This parameter is available only after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b49591835141013">reject_limit</strong> is set.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n808223c4729d435f9142a7b60d6cb0f9"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a95b0df60476a41438f738a184eab7e05">To be compatible with postgres open source interfaces, you are advised to replace this syntax with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b3391153931020">LOG INTO</strong>. When this parameter is specified, an error table is automatically created.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a9bef4bc705284e5f8bc4dd733a350202">Value range: a string compliant with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld7597049cd774e1b95cf9133139f6051"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld7597049cd774e1b95cf9133139f6051"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ld7597049cd774e1b95cf9133139f6051"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a903ece849837465185dd0e1071481045">LOG INTO error_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_abd2bd2747a43461dbf61e3c0abeb536a">Specifies the table where data format errors generated during parallel data import are recorded. You can query the error information table after data is imported to obtain error details.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ne3b1b599b7264c0a9c0a9b9b1cb174c4"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_ul16433113901313"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1943333911137">This parameter is available only after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b6816153161111">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT</strong> is set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_li1037710411134">When this parameter is specified, an error table is automatically created.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ae25aeb634e4d4b96b59e79895898bea2">Value range: a string compliant with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lb3d7bb6ade724417b2a19bd41c30bc90"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lb3d7bb6ade724417b2a19bd41c30bc90"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lb3d7bb6ade724417b2a19bd41c30bc90"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ace85b5d473af4504bb735345e1323909">PER NODE REJECT LIMIT 'value'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a7b89904a74c94732a7f8eec249a1a352">Specifies the maximum number of data format errors on each DN during data import. If the number of errors exceeds the specified value on any DN, data import fails, an error is reported, and the system exits data import.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_n00fb9fc4daf2455fb2b917f0aa2a136c"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a3875502345a04fa0ac8d66612487cd8f">This syntax specifies the error tolerance of a single node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_aed4ad94cd3094eecbd206f2866c569e8">Examples of data format errors include the following: a column is lost, an extra column exists, a data type is incorrect, and encoding is incorrect. When a non-data format error occurs, the whole data scanning process is stopped.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a0cb84298c06c4bf09bd767ecd16691b0">Valid value: an integer and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b137088562212">unlimited</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b970975616217">0</strong>, indicating that error information is returned immediately.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l77f3709f3dba4ac391004061141e1420"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_abd10786444174ef8ada8a7991c7c6e41">NOT ENFORCED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a087786ef11c04cf8a88ffe2c90a0a28f">Specifies the constraint to be an informational constraint. This constraint is guaranteed by the user instead of the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_lcc9e76584cbf4024ba004bdaaa57f2ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5873764584264cc9a60171b4a9becab5">ENFORCED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ac30d459b0baa4ffd87529b803ddf3f67">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0058966095_b84235270610317">ENFORCED</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b1086465600202141">ENFORCED</strong> is a reserved parameter and is currently not supported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l42512b0b4f3b4b80b4105fcafff5df49"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a532505eaa58b4af4b14ba1c33e50a82c">PRIMARY KEY (column_name)</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_acd245a72d984492fa04ec8c13620a30d">Specifies the informational constraint on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_b842352706163930">column_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a4a232eb32ed84b73b739add407e298ac">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention, and the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0058966095_b842352706102528">column_name</strong> must exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l5edb5d8718504007bf5249f3c13b38e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a34ff9b9010f24ab8864eaf2e25721c9a">ENABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a6677a8c82bb649f49066a2d7e4428506">Optimizes the query plan using an informational constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_l74ae7322a320480c928b507e46b93089"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_af142a460b18e408cbbd1ec5a576eea0c">DISABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_ad3dc8bfc2f2a4eeb965580a503a8a75d">Disables the optimization of the query plan using an informational constraint.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_s3fde6b20698e41f68c609bed8acd9bcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a5eba59ebef0d40b690b1ba75797cb822">Create a foreign table to import data in the .txt format from OBS to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__b7913654121517">OBS_ft</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_sd66611f06f914110915e6fb06f2cc030"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OBS_ft</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">foreign</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;obs_ft&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">does</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exist</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skipping</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OBS_ft</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gsmpp_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://gaussdbcheck/obs_ddl/test_case_data/txt_obs_informatonal_test001'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">chunksize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'32'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encrypt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'secret_access_key_value_to_be_replaced'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\x08'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">read</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">only</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row_tbl</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row_tbl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Please</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specify</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">suitable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OBS_ft</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_en-us_topic_0090683640_p6295619168"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_sff255b9a5749451d8b2a980e0dfded6b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099344764__en-us_topic_0000001098811114_en-us_topic_0117407717_a207b4c6b6fbb42588e2656ff8670f95c"><a href="dws_06_0124.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0161.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0161.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0161.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE  (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s007f04685f3045e5b9f1d6663b833ba6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a5539e69e61514424bc1b8b74769744e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b83597195288">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</strong> creates an HDFS or OBS foreign table in the current database to access or export structured data stored on HDFS or OBS. You can also export data in ORC format to HDFS or OBS.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note122379223317"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7237822631">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) does not support OBS and HDFS foreign table import and export.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__section18892422191719"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul12687133011718"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li0688163071719">HDFS foreign tables and OBS foreign tables are classified into read-only and write-only foreign tables. Read-only foreign tables are used for query, and write-only foreign tables can be used to export data from <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text647734821718">GaussDB(DWS)</span> to a distributed file system.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li686753619197">In this mode, you can import and query data in ORC, CarbonData, Text, or CSV format and export data in ORC format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li116671036161811">In this mode, you need to manually create a foreign server. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0175.html">CREATE SERVER</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1466517941315">If the foreign data wrapper is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b155029093110">HDFS_FDW</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b13919182203117">DFS_FDW</strong> when you manually create a server, you need to specify the distribution mode in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1235812207310">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong> clause when creating a read-only foreign table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__sdd0a8602c61a41339b29214e8f4e9fb5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae4ff17bc34884dd08d5014cf077cdd9a">Create an HDFS foreign table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s8c6dc4d7632b4097b35dbf14ec234dec"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">ROUNDROBIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__u053126d70fa5495ab77e5da8b4fc1958"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l517e820425434a3cbf67b76d22fd9136"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b8423527069598">column_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s941b787cdae84046b7e11aa30a3d629e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__led9fec87d69d430f9044b8a42810c3a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270695921">table_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s95c93b7aa3cb42228b3d297ac8f03598"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OPTIMIZATION</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s755e54aa01f04a4bb44806bedcebdab4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s755e54aa01f04a4bb44806bedcebdab4"></a><a name="s755e54aa01f04a4bb44806bedcebdab4"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__uc967ca7573fa4facb27737b572512573"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l4d281c90f2c24d5bb115a5c4c72678ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__adaf7361d9a404b8ba23a7b2c8763d92a">IF NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__aa0b742fb82974ebcb3be3ca5e6e7da9e">Does not throw an error if a table with the same name exists. A notice is issued in this case.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l1ea8d0de6a4b4022a4fa2edf217c91be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__adeb14dc538584f259d8f972d407b3d64">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a30489e2afb9040c2842b5c98e5d73e06">Specifies the name of the foreign table to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae253f876725d443ba12939a7634dc9f5">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__la062b05736744795aabaab2df2968a1d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ac5a44e2804e340548d22494b1981446b">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae7401cc4f68d41b1a557a3125a45abb7">Specifies the name of a column in the foreign table. Columns are separated by commas (,).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a58d44cce71c74df49aa96b4fbd0998d4">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l3c272b5daca340c1808defda982e7547"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a1aeb896fdb8b40fe9e69ddb9b8e37f03">type_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ad21c43f88e02463e96357fe005c391ad">Specifies the data type of the column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p66201819143810">Data types supported by ORC tables. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p01021823163815">The data types supported by TXT table are the same as those in row-store tables.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l3599b95737ae496b98971ab5ba81440d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a89eeda8c97224f18a130a48352cdd759">constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a6ea21a1ed7f34ed0828da917f0d0f6d0">Specifies the name of a constraint for the foreign table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l5ff1ab0b7da249fea4c3a4a0ec3347ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a5cf6fc76bb764e5bb58b4d5f4aa90234">{ NULL | NOT NULL }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae79118e371964a20b92f8bf407673799">Specifies whether the column allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706163617">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a72a269ce121248859f9319629cb78cdc">When you create a table, whether the data in HDFS is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706163625">NULL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1747550851164025">NOT NULL</strong> cannot be guaranteed. The consistency of data is guaranteed by users. Users must decide whether the column is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966095_b842352706163632">NULL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966095_b842352706163634">NOT NULL</strong>. (The optimizer optimizes the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966095_b842352706163642">NULL/NOT NULL</strong> and generates a better plan.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l024c7c57b0664dc181cfd555eea33404"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a684e2a6fda5f4971a3f9b26e7f591cc8">SERVER server_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a3e9ecd8f567142828481ab3755298d66">Specifies the server name of the foreign table. Users can customize its name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a652108c361fe453ba6b1023f451fb7c0">Value range: a string indicating an existing server. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l79635f466deb41e783b5de1c76673b0e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a7d42096996ab44cfbb3c7e82100335ab">OPTIONS (  { option_name ' value '  }  [, ...] )</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a9a2e0b7ef7ee45d2b5b0ca470b8bdc5c">Specifies the following parameters for a foreign table:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__u91f6077eeb5345a795d19a1fb8828dc5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li935424519181">header<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p148387194193"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li935424519181"></a><a name="li935424519181"></a>Specifies whether a data file contains a table header. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b69633271277">header</strong> is available only for CSV files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p108957161916">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1743515324713">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b174368321710">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as the header and ignored during export. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b9560849472">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1856174917717">off</strong>, the first row will be identified as a data row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1060295812195">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706174916">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270616240">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b8423527061633">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706174924">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706164830">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270616558">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li145911139132115">quote<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1463924382320"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li145911139132115"></a><a name="li145911139132115"></a>Specifies the quotation mark for the CSV format. The default value is a double quotation mark (").</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note1246821519249"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1542120287245">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1965017314815">quote</strong> value cannot be the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b36511631688">delimiter</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b2065293118811">null</strong> value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p191581138142415">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b11297144019818">quote</strong> value must be a single-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p083119272617">Invisible characters are recommended as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b156041347103811">quote</strong> values, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1070711463260">escape<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p76671312710"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1070711463260"></a><a name="li1070711463260"></a>Specifies an escape character for a CSV file. The value must be a single-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2582172392715">The default value is a double quotation mark ("). If the value is the same as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b232818257910">quote</strong> value, it will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b123291825596">\0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li151931457104516">location<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p139288794612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li151931457104516"></a><a name="li151931457104516"></a>Specifies the file path on OBS. This is an OBS foreign table parameter. The data sources of multiple buckets are separated by vertical bars (|), for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1242212339918">LOCATION  'obs://bucket1/folder/ | obs://bucket2/'</strong>. The database scans all objects in the specified folders.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p187461638124915">When accessing a DLI multi-version table, you do not need to specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1425919355336">location</strong> parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li22796811255"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0085031719_b84235270620558">format</strong>: format of the data source file in the foreign table.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul1981151418254"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l0ee5e669469542609ec1dcbd919aaeb5">HDFS read-only foreign tables support ORC, TEXT, CSV, and Parquet file formats, while the write-only foreign tables support only the ORC file format.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1598141812258">OBS read-only foreign tables support ORC, TEXT, CSV, and CarbonData file formats, while the write-only foreign tables support only the ORC file format.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ld6049c058e51424c83f2e9b1881f5381"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270620555">foldername</strong>: The directory of the data source file in the foreign table, that is, the corresponding file directory in HDFS or on OBS. This parameter is mandatory for the write-only foreign table and optional for the read-only foreign table.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2814535012">When accessing a DLI multi-version table, you do not need to specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b18802125123416">foldername</strong> parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l8bdb9504168944bfbefc42321c01f73f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270620655">encoding</strong>: encoding of data source files in foreign tables. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270620728">utf8</strong>. This parameter is optional.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l6a917938321a4746941f672873006e27"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b19806103011108">totalrows</strong>: (Optional) estimated number of rows in a table. This parameter is used only for OBS foreign tables. Because OBS may store many files, it is slow to analyze data. This parameter allows you to set an estimated value so that the optimizer can estimate the table size according to the value. Generally, query efficiency is high when the estimated value is close to the actual value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l6bcd4188385941bca4640a515a7de7ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b174491554135614">filenames</strong>: data source files specified in the foreign table. Multiple files are separated by commas (,).<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__nf73ab7d7e4b240ef9be2f40085fb4723"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__u670c0f0f67224b90b66a403f15debdcd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lcb740513b57c40ba821ccde11a440652">You are advised to use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b2299165745612">foldername</strong> parameter to specify the location of the data source. For a read-only foreign table, either <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b11304165715567">filenames</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b133051857145611">foldername</strong> must be specified. For a write-only foreign table, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b17305105717563">foldername</strong> can be specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l055f09d3d53f4723a6e4424d5dfc1b7e">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b82612021143711">foldername</strong> is an absolute directory, it should be enclosed by slashes (/). Multiple paths are separated by commas (,).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l9cf782dd0d48490283f698d3554460fa">When you query a partitioned table, data is pruned based on partition information, and data files that meet the requirement are queried. Pruning involves scanning HDFS directory contents many times. Therefore, do not use columns with low repetition as partition column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li449432944513">An OBS read-only foreign table is not supported.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592">delimiter<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__abb97d60448a640f292832b07ee6581f3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li99825131592"></a>Specifies the column delimiter of data, and uses the default delimiter if it is not set. The default delimiter of TEXT is a tab.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__nf96af8e2050445adb17bc9cbc2da8dbc"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ub618dbe3999e4f80bfc5d8903d251c73"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l5092da06491e4b91ab15f303c6187bef">A delimiter cannot be \r or \n.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l5689a574ec8c4425ac605a52c6503f7f">A delimiter cannot be the same as the null parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l03cd232e1cf3401fbdeb760d2e9dfa1b">A delimiter cannot contain the following characters: \.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lf75fbc26d20c4b5f945905a26d0dfba5">The data length of a single row should be less than 1 GB. A row that has many columns using long delimiters cannot contain much valid data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ldcc2a31d99094332a647dea11c83b400">You are advised to use a multi-character, such as the combination of the dollar sign ($), caret (^), ampersand (&amp;), or invisible characters, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b as the delimiter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li69084214112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b20416132286">delimiter</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a352b057b7bef4fabaa5e548748ea340f">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a45aa25a8fe7744dbb1c035ecb8f352fb">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270618738">delimiter</strong> can be a multi-character delimiter whose length is less than or equal to 10 bytes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592">eol<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ac972f10899ca443c8019167639eb78ea"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a>Specifies the newline character style of the imported data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a1b0c62fd2c5b48c8846081c1cc472715">Value range: multi-character newline characters within 10 bytes. Common newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b94846836835741">\r</strong> (0x0D), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b71305832435741">\n</strong> (0x0A), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b169768121835741">\r\n</strong> (0x0D0A). Special newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b157898992635741">$</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b62461255935741">#</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note4822103112229"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul13825143117221"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li8771574226">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b104485347535741">eol</strong> parameter applies only to TEXT files.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li47725710222">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b164435183435741">eol</strong> parameter cannot be the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b214612463035741">delimiter</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b40987836435741">null</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1777105742214">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b104896387335741">eol</strong> parameter cannot contain digits, letters, or periods (.).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507">null<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p13264202365210"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a><a name="l23f5b49658fe4a77b126c30aee563507"></a>Specifies the string that represents a null value.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__n98805631e263478db49afc9e4133082d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ud3ea70521bc846eea88c83f40a9a3bc3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l91d2f11257e44baf936659a848c01769">The null value cannot be \r or \n. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l7b02e83353ee40cfa7ff0e5aaaebfa69">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706152552">null</strong> parameter cannot be the same as the delimiter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li064144319579"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b76705915">null</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ade34c8e1132e409cb53722bb693acc2e">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p11235174212314">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706154323">\N</strong> for the TEXT format.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96">noescaping<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__aee3bfcaed7dc47b0bc1900e467c2e82b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a><a name="ldb9cda16bf2849678b91826adb3b4c96"></a>Specifies whether to escape the backslash (\) and its following characters in .txt format.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__n74f15869f29641b3938e2c9bf33f7311"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a40ca2ca4be484a3dab8bb768e34b2912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966236_b8423527069341">noescaping</strong> is available only for TEXT source data files.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a3fed836460b648e18a5d8b8ac7768254">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b541361135">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1980803587">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1353984322">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b531051893">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b2127757512">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1857870886">off</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331">fill_missing_fields<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a31acb0f9baa14f88bb7d6bb90da8960f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a><a name="l4217c10dcb944cc3a68346ad11014331"></a>Specifies whether to generate an error message when the last column in a row in the source file is lost during data loading.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ac40d46180fe94fcfb1025f8ecef31faf">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1562002724">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b293102947">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1479966883">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b510671916">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1432081706">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b384340819">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__udd9a858112d14944bbab71dd1956f14d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l7b1522bbf0d74cedb6a2e825bf2acf05">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706152217">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270617247">on</strong> and the last column of a data row in a data source file is lost, the column is replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270693653">NULL</strong> and no error message will be generated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l41d3b0a290fc4cd3b4a6b745d80d2f58">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706152317">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706172415">off</strong> and the last column is missing, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s8d72e1f22ff7490ca9812c58c3f51d16">missing data for column "tt"</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note1072210311210"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul18759328318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li775912243114">Because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706162723">SELECT COUNT(*)</strong> does not parse columns in .txt format, it does not report missing columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li14759162133113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b237939078">fill_missing_fields</strong> is available only for TXT and CSV source data files.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886">ignore_extra_data<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a5b7b34e1f0ba4efabe5b105e9d33e72c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a><a name="l6a63450436114055b9ea51a0174a1886"></a>Specifies whether to ignore excessive columns when the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns. This parameter is available during data import.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a88a05907165c497688e7a79774626883">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1225277802">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b170502739">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1930051263">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1102865445">off</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1524049875">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b474138720">off</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ua4aca6dd0fe04eddb5203afe8419fa07"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lb7620f1a1cec45b19d5bfb2b86fa1050">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270617123">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706171516">on</strong> and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, excessive columns will be ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l1b1b3e3e63054f7a919194ff3f048507">If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270617130">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706182758">off</strong> and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, the following error information will be displayed:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s827035191beb4bffbfe333a3c41a827f">extra data after last expected column</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__n6280f8af19974a25bbc48421ebe41001"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul260081911018"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li660081910018">If the newline character at the end of the row is lost, setting the parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706155739">true</strong> will ignore data in the next row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li9525915103114">Because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b506500245">SELECT COUNT(*)</strong> does not parse columns in .txt format, it does not report missing columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li166007191405"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b142386617">ignore_extra_data</strong> is available only for TXT and CSV source data files.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad">date_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a6ecaddd7df78470796edd8773879df6a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad"></a><a name="ldaa7bd53c7974286a205bc80453762ad"></a>Specifies the DATE format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_p596841495210">Value range: any valid DATE value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__n2ae322a0b1104a29bbe228fc4fe93bd5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul17709162613020"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1070913267014">If ORACLE is specified as the compatible database, the DATE format is TIMESTAMP. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058965600_b84235270617158">timestamp_format</strong> below.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1970915269014"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b894252753">date_format</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb">time_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_p612537510226"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb"></a><a name="l00fa403aef5d42299f2af84f16d3b6cb"></a>Specifies the TIME format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a703907b3cbf04e83a9541a31a3ae184f">Value range: a valid TIME value. Time zones cannot be used. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note112511356125816"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1026695619588"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1723792390">time_format</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56">timestamp_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059778310_p678944610616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56"></a><a name="lc8af1a8e713546a683d2250aa4023a56"></a>Specifies the TIMESTAMP format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a4ef04a24caaf4515b0e7eaef6139df24">Value range: any valid TIMESTAMP value. Time zones are not supported. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note94381615593"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p143815118596"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b843450303">timestamp_format</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a">smalldatetime_format<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a5d4b686db9bf4696a57286917e570209"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a"></a><a name="lb5b21b8fb41f42f3bb91f1e8a2d7977a"></a>Specifies the SMALLDATETIME format for data import. This syntax is available only for READ ONLY foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a9403ae614bf040c4af6baedcc58a791d">Value range: a valid SMALLDATETIME value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note2970105013586"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p79851450155816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b358868126">smalldatetime_format</strong> is available only for TEXT and CSV source data files.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1831945420718">dataencoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p11198153517818"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1831945420718"></a><a name="li1831945420718"></a>This parameter specifies the data code of the data table to be exported when the database code is different from the data code of the data table. For example, the database code is Latin-1, but the data in the exported data table is in UTF-8 format. This parameter is optional. If this parameter is not specified, the database encoding format is used by default. This syntax is valid only for the write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16272113181718">Value range: data code types supported by the database encoding</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note1867518620215"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p66751367215">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b62831441151516">dataencoding</strong> parameter is valid only for the ORC-formatted write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1241716511227">filesize<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1141934762310"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1241716511227"></a><a name="li1241716511227"></a>Specifies the file size of a write-only foreign table. This parameter is optional. If this parameter is not specified, the file size in the distributed file system configuration is used by default. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p19846742258">Value range: an integer ranging from 1 to 1024</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note32011266415"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p02019268413">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b924833310164">filesize</strong> parameter is valid only for the ORC-formatted write-only HDFS foreign table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li10634202212434">compression<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p157219443509"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li10634202212434"></a><a name="li10634202212434"></a>Specifies the compression mode of ORC files. This parameter is optional. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1728715317504">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1356810591717">zlib</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b461210791716">snappy</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b312481016176">lz4</strong> The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b16236358131015">snappy</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li16723183074313">version<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p63121479433"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li16723183074313"></a><a name="li16723183074313"></a>Specifies the ORC version number. This parameter is optional. This syntax is available only for the write-only foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p11527451104713">Value range: Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b6915155761715">0.12</strong> is supported. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b148361858141715">0.12</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li36701817154314">dli_project_id<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1133274619430"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li36701817154314"></a><a name="li36701817154314"></a>Specifies the project ID corresponding to DLI. You can obtain the project ID from the management console. This parameter is available only when the server type is DLI. This feature is supported only in 8.1.1 or later.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li392403364311">dli_database_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p0734131054817"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li392403364311"></a><a name="li392403364311"></a>Specifies the name of the database where the DLI multi-version table to be accessed is located. This parameter is available only when the server type is DLI. This feature is supported only in 8.1.1 or later.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li12109398432">dli_table_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p3404145164819"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li12109398432"></a><a name="li12109398432"></a>Specifies the name of the DLI multi-version table to be accessed. This parameter is available only when the server type is DLI. This feature is supported only in 8.1.1 or later.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li447217213147">checkencoding<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p15201758155"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li447217213147"></a><a name="li447217213147"></a>Specifies whether to check the character encoding.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p81769340155">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706152646">low</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706152644">high</strong> The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b2084344586114546">low</strong>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note161602451511"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1416010441513">In TEXT format, the rule of error tolerance for invalid characters imported is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul1967971215312"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li254122219311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706184528">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li666491923113">Other invalid characters are converted to question marks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li967991243119">Setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b96503758811134">checkencoding</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b28280779311134">low</strong> enables invalid characters toleration. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b124421335711134">NULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b29056806111134">DELIMITER</strong> are set to spaces or question marks (?), errors like "illegal chars conversion may confuse null 0x20" will be displayed, prompting you to modify parameters that may cause confusion and preventing importing errors.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p359372217357">In ORC format, the rule of error tolerance for invalid characters imported is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul106011457193119"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li182953213212">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706182712">checkencoding</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706182720">low</strong>, an imported field containing invalid characters will be replaced with a quotation mark string of the same length.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1760111573314">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706183515">checkencoding</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706183534">high</strong>, data import stops when an invalid character is detected.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__table1836190163118" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Support for TEXT, CSV, ORC, CarbonData, and Parquet formats</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row13713011317"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p23717053117">Parameter</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="5" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p103716053116">OBS</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="5" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7376013312">HDFS</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row1371502317"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p10373013313">-</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p539120173113"></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12371023111">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p03890193113">CSV</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p19382019311">ORC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12381807313">CARBONDATA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p113810017314">TEXT</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1338604312">CSV</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p6389015318">ORC</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p123811003116">PARQUET</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row63810017313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p13910016314">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p133911020318">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p03918016311">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p184090193118">WRITE ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16406012314">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p144020015313">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p04018012318">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1740508312">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1341120153116">WRITE ONLY</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p64190123120">READ ONLY</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row84150163116"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p5411509312">location</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p14446161751312">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p770563815132">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p164190103111">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p29471326171414">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p738213321147">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p13476143201418">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16574133271412">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p164563251415">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p371111324140">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1677793218145">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row174370133112"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p10431203311">format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p25971153181319">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1167005315135">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1074218539139">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2819153121313">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p11889853201317">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1195815391312">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p43112543138">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2108155410131">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16180135451318">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p92654541134">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row145190153115"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p545407316">header</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p124511063117">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p03201152113">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1630653101618">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p649915410178">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p118616196176">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p146407313">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p78516662112">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1656920458173">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1032085281710">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7726115751715">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row20471013118"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p174711053112">delimiter</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1045316416169">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1813719111215">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p15707175371610">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p55877410178">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p14164201931716">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p107115952216">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p596918652113">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p17665174541711">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12405115219175">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12804657111717">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row19481606318"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2481509317">quote</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7756102961715">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p102216114214">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1773753131611">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2665445178">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p82332019101710">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p75741823102013">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1884742115">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p147581745161718">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p18484135211719">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p128721557141717">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row145019017314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p35020063116">escape</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p582732931716">×</p>
+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+</td>
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+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p17005462186">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1079364641815">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row176670113113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p866160123110">smalldatetime_format</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p616615118148">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1017415091518">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p136941917171815">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p122532419189">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p842219314187">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p196597791513">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1791261410218">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16317133918188">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p18892204681816">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p13258471187">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row186840153111"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p146880153114">chunksize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p20150192013218">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p17232122017213">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1377912175182">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7100132461810">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p124961531151820">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p77291272151">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p116151572119">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p64305398185">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p191531547111814">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p82732475187">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row66919016316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p069170183120">filenames</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p27944537193">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1286545391915">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p185601781812">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p20173142481820">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1335012518219">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p97951075155">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p101051515192111">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p662345642111">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p18717010311">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1937930202213">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row47118033113"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1671805318">foldername</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1394591321511">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p112111143159">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p2090171431510">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p0159131414153">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p52291014111515">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1986167191517">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12347171817154">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1442791813155">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p6502218151512">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p20571131851510">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row1374190153114"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p17743012311">dataencoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p627613212196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p336212214194">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p14439172191914">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1414910117199">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p0241131118194">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p33514116198">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p744821119196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1854411141918">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p15772193814211">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p5804223181911">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row6779015316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p07710123114">filesize</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p952022151912">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p176051122196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1669315241917">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16313119196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p47151911131914">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1581112115193">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p4904161110192">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1399731131916">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p0872113817213">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p7884112381918">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row147917011319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p8801033111">compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p137817231914">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p888252131913">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p198117211196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p5452134619215">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1474481813194">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p882011181192">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1189271816195">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p119635188191">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p16950153815214">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12968423171911">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row1836010316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p178318018312">version</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p13814331917">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p717513310199">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p152571435196">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1654516468218">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p837151961917">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p17107151916193">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12177719131914">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p122493198198">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p043173917214">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1141324201918">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row2851701319"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p88650173115">checkencoding</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p071310300218">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p679111308215">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p12869173052119">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p39092040191912">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p987194302110">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p617694315216">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1526717436219">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p18361184362116">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p213820395210">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p3216155112211">√</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__row8891709313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.000000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p689120113118">totalrows</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p99569305211">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p644163118219">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p20121143110215">√</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p129761406194">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1146544551911">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p125341045101920">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p3605124514193">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p3672645121915">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1573714519199">×</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="8.500000000000002%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.8.3.2.12.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1680424561912">×</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li485812845110">WRITE ONLY | READ ONLY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p10698131516522"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li485812845110"></a><a name="li485812845110"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b8602114914186">WRITE ONLY</strong> creates a write-only HDFS/OBS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p15487183155817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b09407619195">READ ONLY</strong> creates a read-only HDFS/OBS foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1121133420569">If the foreign table type is not specified, a read-only foreign table is created by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__la882da19e7814a53bcc13879e1cb9808"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a1a69dfd002ff443ea0593c5223b08e03">DISTRIBUTE BY ROUNDROBIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a20498deb2c7e44c295af99382adb8156">Specifies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b713760207201549">ROUNDROBIN</strong> as the distribution mode for the HDFS/OBS foreign table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__le77c75cc2bf343f599a019fc92b81f2a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a0eec7b61dec744ea894d876ca27142bb">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a520196a91ca7464b878b7cd76e598ef1">Specifies <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1314189711201636">REPLICATION</strong> as the distribution mode for the HDFS/OBS foreign table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l222af02565a04384b5895e2e8f4a35b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a17818bfaeddc4cda9a93b350199255cf">PARTITION BY ( column_name ) AUTOMAPPED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__aef1a82bdbe904610b10ed292955443fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706154437">column_name</strong> specifies the partition column. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706163816">AUTOMAPPED</strong> means the partition column specified by the HDFS partitioned foreign table is automatically mapped with the partition directory information in HDFS. The prerequisite is that the sequences of partition columns specified in the HDFS foreign table and in the directory are the same. This function is applicable only to read-only foreign tables.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note6231111574913"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul10233141311510"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li22334132513">HDFS read-only and write-only foreign tables support partitioned tables. However, write-only foreign tables support only primary partitions and do not support multi-level partitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li123341319516">Partitioned tables can be used as read-only foreign tables for OBS.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l63922e7b7eab4f2cb6420185423d9a24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a0e619e06c4e542eb906302c8bc9842f0">CONSTRAINT constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a10cbf630d2384c2cb8fe3722a39d8f9e">Specifies the name of informational constraint of the foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a98357ece58214d3a934610e81e5cddd4">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l10c26d6bf2d64e2c9f3e79a03ebc0390"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a5e526c69dacb412cb867c855a94915ec">PRIMARY KEY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ac3596e1da57b428a989c700af279a537">The primary key constraint specifies that one or more columns of a table must contain unique (non-duplicate) and non-null values. Only one primary key can be specified for a table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__le12ef1bffb1045e3bea703fc0d569440"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a86489a9898fd49499b9b72f69cdb63ee">UNIQUE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a96d564d36c244aac82451d76d0bd1d2d">Specifies that a group of one or more columns of a table must contain unique values. For the purpose of a unique constraint, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058965796_b842352706104755">NULL</strong> is not considered equal.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l53f3e62aef4d485dbea666348b879d92"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a55f97ec27b434368a898cef34e37e76a">NOT ENFORCED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__afceaa793b7a048839870f3ffb44d0999">Specifies the constraint to be an informational constraint. This constraint is guaranteed by the user instead of the database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l241fad9545e6452a83073cd90ee65111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae23916112a1a4ecbabb5c7b87c2c551b">ENFORCED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__abdc77143a75745fcb9bee33387bcd3cf">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966095_b84235270610317">ENFORCED</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1086465600202141">ENFORCED</strong> is a reserved parameter and is currently not supported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__le721dc93b0434454ba0efa6f93d3ea3c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a0a6d969126f54404a61b2ecd6cc741db">PRIMARY KEY (column_name)</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a6e424d2054824bd3b4ea45619d81c764">Specifies the informational constraint on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706163930">column_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a90fdf7ef20f94350b074e6edb1118952">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention, and the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0058966095_b842352706102528">column_name</strong> must exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lc8734888be2346e6b315018a0b7c7923"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a0b7ba6d87d914c02b63268dc3455af24">ENABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a2d615fbb44be46389ce100ea74c6e223">Optimizes an execution plan using an informational constraint.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l00d2566316d644ea90323dc2dd1e31c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ae0d3187d6d2c494b8e944c02664e00b2">DISABLE QUERY OPTIMIZATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a0c5870c38c614d52809784bb531cc9f0">Disables the optimization of an execution plan using an informational constraint.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s0b7a85d0acff48e79ada2f91d1e79a0f"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s0b7a85d0acff48e79ada2f91d1e79a0f"></a><a name="s0b7a85d0acff48e79ada2f91d1e79a0f"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Informational Constraint</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a56ae2d110488441fb9a0809b8d86664a">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text464317611">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, the use of data constraints depend on users. If users can make data sources strictly comply with certain constraints, the query on data with such constraints can be accelerated. Foreign tables do not support Index. Informational constraint is used for optimizing query plans.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a47363cf5c0a94644ae6490f2a113cf79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0059779123_en-us_topic_0058966095_b314165859127">The constraints of creating informational constraints for a foreign table are as follows:</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__u39570fd8db174d0b9830dbe6f54b20d4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l0d366a040a9b430c885fe43cce666d37">You can create an informational constraint only if the values in a NOT NULL column in your table are unique. Otherwise, the query result will be different from expected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l7cf828fc11c2447e94a9b663597049dd">Currently, the informational constraint of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text1794844599">GaussDB(DWS)</span> supports only PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__la8aea369c8614e5ab3965eac4dd69b15">The informational constraints of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text924257475">GaussDB(DWS)</span> support the NOT ENFORCED attribute.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lf3d892eee0b94559ba69eaa0a95e560c">UNIQUE informational constraints can be created for multiple columns in a table, but only one PRIMARY KEY constraint can be created in a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__la21a34fe1c7a4a2d9f949cbf7c371c9b">Multiple informational constraints can be established in a column of a table (because the function that establishing a column or multiple constraints in a column is the same.) Therefore, you are not advised to set up multiple informational constraints in a column, and only one Primary Key type can be set up.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l2e172cd71cf24e699871c42b27944fb9">Multi-column combination constraints are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li537213701617">Different CNs in the same cluster cannot concurrently export data to the same write-only ORC foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li10645209161916">The catalog of a write-only foreign table in ORC format can only be used as the export catalog of a single foreign table of <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text1611334743">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. It cannot be used for multiple foreign tables, and other components cannot write other files to this catalog.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s07885a43a93744359b82400d0a8873b3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ac48b7a35e4454639a484042c4f6ac397">Example 1: In HDFS, import the TPC-H benchmark test tables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270614240">part</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270614246">region</strong> using Hive. The path of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b143204236179">part</strong> table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b143273234175">/user/hive/warehouse/partition.db/part_4</strong>, and that of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1327132361711">region</strong> table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b332711235175">/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/region_orc11_64stripe/</strong>.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol1231618552914"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1731775518917">Establish HDFS_Server, with HDFS_FDW or DFS_FDW as the foreign data wrapper.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s0211efd2605f4c1b9bc7189580006ca8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HDFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.10.0.100:25000,10.10.0.101:25000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">hdfscfgpath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/opt/hadoop_client/HDFS/hadoop/etc/hadoop'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="s1">'HDFS'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__n5f57b19875be47c2ae24286f1987e766"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a1b5d1d12551a44968c516337bb683db7">The IP addresses and port numbers of HDFS NameNodes are specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0085031719_b155101712317">OPTIONS</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b22646293219">10.10.0.100:25000,10.10.0.101:25000</strong> indicates the IP addresses and port numbers of the primary and standby HDFS NameNodes. It is the recommended format. Two groups of parameter values are separated by commas (,). Take '10.10.0.100:25000' as an example. In this example, the IP address is 10.10.0.100, and the port number is 25000.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol><ol start="2" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol1088578171016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li388716841010">Create an HDFS foreign table. The HDFS server associated with the table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b0134163514172">hdfs_server</strong>, the corresponding file format of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b151341835171715">ft_region</strong> table on the HDFS server is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b15134535151716">'orc'</strong>, and the file directory in the HDFS file system is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b2013513510174">'/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb. db/region_orc11_64stripe/'</strong>.</li></ol>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul71471425141013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li514752551012">Create an HDFS foreign table without partition keys.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen1427811440464"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FOLDERNAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/region_orc11_64stripe/'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">roundrobin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li157520294101">Create an HDFS foreign table with partition keys.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__sd926eb1a47c646f089d22960d0e4bfaf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_part</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_partkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_mfgr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_brand</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_container</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_retailprice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">float8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">p_comment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">FOLDERNAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/partition.db/part_4'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">roundrobin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p_mfgr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTOMAPPED</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__nd98a0d7e2b644575aaf02c6ad7ee1dd6"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a7867aa29296b49cc9e6c0fdd3a6d4adb"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__text959103452">GaussDB(DWS)</span> allows you to specify files using the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706185749">filenames</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706185754">foldername</strong>. The latter is recommended. The key word <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706185825">distribute</strong> specifies the storage distribution mode of the region table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ol start="3" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol649434071019"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1149524011102">View the created server and foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__sb1ab13e6c6624d8b9115ccfa7a481f9e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_foreign_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftrelid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ft_region'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftrelid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftserver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftwriteonly</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                                  </span><span class="n">ftoptions</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------+----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">16510</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">16509</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">foldername</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">warehouse</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mppdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">region_orc11_64stripe</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_foreign_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftrelid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ft_part'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftrelid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftserver</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ftwriteonly</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="n">ftoptions</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------+----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">16513</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">16509</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">orc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">foldername</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">warehouse</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">part_4</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__section319653115537"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p91281935145314">Export data from the TPC-H benchmark test table region table to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b35053594181">/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/regin_orc/</strong> directory of the HDFS file system through the HDFS write-only foreign table.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol19801955161020"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li6811355181020">Create an HDFS foreign table. The corresponding foreign data wrapper is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b720274716249">HDFS_FDW</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b16202147172410">DFS_FDW</strong>, which is the same as that in Example 1.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li13762167121117">Create a write-only HDFS foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen8143121854913"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_wo_region</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">R_COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FOLDERNAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/regin_orc/'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li887110199113">Writes data to the HDFS file system through a write-only foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen13301192565316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_wo_regin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">region</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__section747643155418"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 3</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p383112845414">Perform operations on an HDFS foreign table that includes informational constraints.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul1653135325417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li85321536548">Create an HDFS foreign table with informational constraints.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen3412208175611"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R_COMMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">primary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enforced</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'orc'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foldername</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/region_orc11_64stripe'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">roundrobin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li14551119124013">Check whether the region table has an informational constraint index.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen128599114558"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">relhasindex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ft_region'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relhasindex</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------+-------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conopt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'region_pkey'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conopt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">region_pkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li1986717222406">Delete the informational constraint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen14550956195811"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">region_pkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'region_pkey'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------+---------+----------+--------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li116654495819">Add a unique informational constraint for the foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen38313205920"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constr_unique</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p199991262123">Delete the informational constraint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen23274226591"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constr_unique</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'constr_unique'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">consoft</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conindid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conkey</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------+---------+----------+--------</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li136231719145516">Add a unique informational constraint for the foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen0140174715593"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constr_unique</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">R_REGIONKEY</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENFORCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">disable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">optimization</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">relhasindex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ft_region'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relhasindex</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------+-------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p074791012124">Delete the informational constraint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__sdd55a924d1634a2e87002da8057468b4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ft_region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constr_unique</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__section161114520013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 4</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p20282451007">Read data stored in OBS using a foreign table.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__o1df10162001d44a097255e6f5f7b38c2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__lfbdcefce811f42bf81cc8be2c97375d1">Create <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b79714238256">obs_server</strong>, with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b11387267255">DFS_FDW</strong> as the foreign data wrapper.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__sa6bc5e7bf5f743c0978727f74c3b92d5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ADDRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'OBS'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__nb825737308a24adb9b18fcda717f403a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul22723390172526"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li14733142172526"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b236415093112">ADDRESS</strong> is the endpoint of OBS. Replace it with the actual endpoint. You can find the domain name by searching for the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b142771828162616">regionCode</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b182791028142613">region_map</strong> file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li24793975172529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706112355">ACCESS_KEY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b842352706112359">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</strong> are access keys for the cloud account system. Replace the values as needed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li237832012212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270611539">TYPE</strong> indicates the server type. Retain the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b84235270611651">OBS</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l7570c540455a4c6a8682492534f078c4">Create an OBS foreign table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b178223863414">customer_address</strong>, which does not contain partition columns and is associated with an OBS server named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b012412519344">obs_server</strong>. Files on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1144064743514">obs_server</strong> are in ORC format and stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b19726145293514">/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/region_orc11_64stripe1/</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen7243204185314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FOLDERNAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/user/hive/warehouse/mppdb.db/region_orc11_64stripe1/'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ORC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TOTALROWS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="s1">'20'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">roundrobin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__l7f6a0650ccf4404287dd87978a02b7b6">Query data stored in OBS using a foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__se90c035c1eec418faf622fb798e70f62"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__section1187015715212"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 5</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__p1721013105215">Read a DLI multi-version foreign table using a foreign table. Only DLI 8.1.1 and later support the multi-version foreign table example.</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol12994112842116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li189951728132118">Create <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b196384711431">dli_server</strong>, with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b5638473437">DFS_FDW</strong> as the foreign data wrapper.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen47651321910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dli_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ADDRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DLI'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DLI_ADDRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dli.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DLI_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">DLI_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__note8766183210918"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ul176616321898"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li121571450141211"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b5388181314324">ADDRESS</strong> is the endpoint of OBS. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b204991615183218">DLI_ADDRESS</strong> is the endpoint of DLI. Replace it with the actual endpoint.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li16766173215913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1393088016">ACCESS_KEY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b797001666">SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</strong> are access keys for the cloud account system to access OBS. Use the actual value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li132649461317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b16394153419421">DLI_ACCESS_KEY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b16400133494210">DLI_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</strong> are access keys for the cloud account system to access DLI. Use the actual value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li9766832893"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b408737738">TYPE</strong> indicates the server type. Retain the value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__en-us_topic_0085031719_b84235270611651">DLI</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol><ol start="2" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__ol19958102642214"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li759454512117">Create the OBS foreign table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b280118377432">customer_address</strong> for accessing DLI. The table does not contain partition columns, and the DLI server associated with the table is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1844114512430">dli_server</strong>. In the preceding command, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b1818731194419">dli_project_id</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b133154313448">xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b15601771443">dli_database_name</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b21459964411">database123</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b893351212445">dli_table_name</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__b669611714418">table456</strong>. Set their values based on site requirements.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen1758941913215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dli_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ORC'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'utf8'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DLI_PROJECT_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DLI_DATABASE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'database123'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DLI_TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'table456'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">roundrobin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__li9962142615221">Query data in a DLI multi-version table using a foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__screen199627263225"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__s0fbc2a5223194abfab6ef421286065cc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830873__a7b4398c8c0884924933ea2c990002227"><a href="dws_06_0124.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0192.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE FUNCTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__sf19a6e4a7497449cb9fdc5a08a7790c4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a5ea88426f8c04ace96e689cca5adf21e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b19912154717328">CREATE FUNCTION</strong> creates a function.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__s24b163fdea96420e942036603aa49f8b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__u4acb5866c2ff40a7b583816fe81f66d8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lb6f46f882b8a40c0911463fb5f93fbd5">The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a function are not checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li222922262617">When creating a function, you are advised to explicitly specify the schemas of tables in the function definition. Otherwise, the function may fail to be executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li188401824102819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706134759">current_schema</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b84235270613482">search_path</strong> specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706135036">SET</strong> during function creation are invalid. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706135116">search_path</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706135121">current_schema</strong> before and after function execution should be the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lcf7e0d0aa1c545b3861ae5622d08009a">If a function has output parameters, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b968751954214">SELECT</strong> statement uses the default values of the output parameters when calling the function. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b66314305428">CALL</strong> statement calls the function, it requires that the output parameter values are adapted to Oracle. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b12883115754217">CALL</strong> statement calls an overloaded PACKAGE function, it can use the default values of the output parameters. For details, see examples in <a href="dws_06_0229.html">CALL</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1395712107414">Only the functions compatible with PostgreSQL or those with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b17648163014419">PACKAGE</strong> attribute can be overloaded. After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b7709112564520">REPLACE</strong> is specified, a new function is created instead of replacing a function if the number of parameters, parameter type, or return value is different.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lb4fa34c61fab40309fac66554020e967">You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b2227170114614">SELECT</strong> statement to specify different parameters using identical functions, but cannot use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1529211395468">CALL</strong> statement to call identical functions without the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b19884826204710">PACKAGE</strong> attribute because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b148611349184614">CALL</strong> aligns with Oracle syntax.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__le2e5d4da767a4587a2ecf41cc6212518">When you create a function, you cannot insert other agg functions out of the avg function or other functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1485125135314">In non-logical cluster mode, return values, parameters, and variables cannot be set to the tables of the Node Groups that are not installed in the system by default. The internal statements of SQL functions cannot be executed on such tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li209850570559">In logical cluster mode, if return values and parameters of the function are user tables, all the tables must be in the same logical cluster. If the function body involves operations on multiple logical cluster tables, the function cannot be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b7847101785115">IMMUTABLE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b3586192018512">SHIPPABLE</strong>, preventing the function from being pushed down to a DN.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li594954118412">In logical cluster mode, the parameters and return values of the function cannot use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b14102131716529">%type</strong> to reference a table column type. Otherwise, the function will fail to be created.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li15356112711020">By default, the permissions to execute new functions are granted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b13287441153110">PUBLIC</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a>. You can revoke the default execution permissions from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b7867193953311">PUBLIC</strong> and grant them to other users as needed. To avoid the time window during which new functions can be accessed by all users, create functions in transactions and set function execution permissions.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__s87343d68f529414c8cb2d1270b38590f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__uff4cbf6be0b84790a6b0a60fdb773610"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l399327b743c54968ac7aff7616471793">Syntax (compatible with PostgreSQL) for creating a user-defined function:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__s2bea187b10b64d8cbafc68758c9dab7d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rettype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DETERMINISTIC</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lang_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VOLATILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINDOW</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LEAKPROOF</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CALLED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INVOKER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">PACKAGE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execution_cost</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_rows</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="p">][...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'definition'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obj_file'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'link_symbol'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lcb612048e92843939473c5ce44795c46">Oracle syntax of creating a customized function:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__s37acc7d6c14448ff9cb1c3d1dbfe2b9d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rettype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DETERMINISTIC</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VOLATILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">PACKAGE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FENCED</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LEAKPROOF</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CALLED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INVOKER</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execution_cost</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_rows</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">][...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plsql_body</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__se31d7da8d3c14a418bbb88a3e987d0e7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__u480476222ea14505aac91962ea2fdacf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l014a2ecbae1e492096214306a226eb9c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a97b70f79f6ef4540a5617a845471beaa">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ad0850fc0dcda4d89ae77d2732826c56a">Indicates the name of the function to create (optionally schema-qualified).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a90398004ab1845a58691b9fb84925551">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l6783c7510644417a828d0fa3a22cfa8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a9d324aeb4aa041ad9b69f18fc0232a6d">argname</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a933cd98d76ae4906bbfdfb61ad4ddffc">Indicates the name of a function parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a9595f45e3fd0435b9e7af5d063bc9145">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l46c68c25713d43acb2440a2377f6faa6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a7ca3c54fb4c64cdaa024cdd2254a7243">argmode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a3d60e0cccf7a42f9bbf681aeb010c301">Indicates the mode of a parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ab1b7a94e19264ed591ae92aa7343bdfc">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b205008405995236">IN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b160558392295236">OUT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b187041373495236">IN OUT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b49447607895236">INOUT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b68946486595236">VARIADIC</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b52296831395231">IN</strong>. Only the parameter of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b84235270683019">OUT</strong> mode can be followed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b84235270683025">VARIADIC</strong>. The parameters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706165619">OUT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706165622">INOUT</strong> cannot be used in function definition of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706165614">RETURNS TABLE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__n353c2be1dc21432983d3bd425a537ee2"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__af7fc22e360fe4d9683d6dbd0196847b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b210989938435832">VARIADIC</strong> specifies parameters of array types.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lbab41f2ba4874e209dd4e26f240ee656"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ae85abb4a6c014e3bae83f7108e58d7c6">argtype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a19e35b858fb14d22891513046772bff0">Indicates the data types of the function's parameters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l49a9aab4cd34408cb2fb9460bbb2c171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ab724041d0f5e498a975cfcea9603b6f8">expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a5002baece4ab4e988cc626acb4a626b3">Indicates the default expression of a parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l5b9dd42854e04c74b9e801d1592bc511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__adae99b1d498d4a61b1376d529f4aa530">rettype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__af4720071c2714fc5a6377801b4d946de">Indicates the return data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a6f3698c7a3c649f889efd08ad350833b">When there is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__en-us_topic_0058965572_b119993609421">OUT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__en-us_topic_0058965572_b408853799421">IN OUT</strong> parameter, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__en-us_topic_0058965572_b324240959421">RETURNS</strong> clause can be omitted. If the clause exists, it must be the same as the result type indicated by the output parameter. If there are multiple output parameters, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b84235270616529">RECORD</strong>. Otherwise, the value is the same as the type of a single output parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__adeea2747822d44db8cb6380850d077d3">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b91060639421">SETOF</strong> modifier indicates that the function will return a set of items, rather than a single item.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l36a8255afaca4dea975e8b7ef176efba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a2e33cf7467a342d2afc5fb0338736266">DETERMINISTIC</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a643acbab66bf4bd99a36461f6576f2b2">The adaptation oracle SQL syntax. You are not advised to use it.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lccbceed0661644e1ac4f7fc0a982c481"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a2ce9641d9dce4d529b9b493cb45d89f4">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a13dcdc666c3b4a97860938df308cfee0">Specifies the column name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l7b4fce3047fd42ad847d46ee37e695ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a5a69d876db43444797f1c7efb68a1301">column_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a1e8f150124c34310a4506013af4feeec">Specifies the column type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l8c89624d86434b2997c878eeccfee4ed"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a9a0607dddf714bd98e05c040ae33a0dc">definition</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a21dc9a0ae4a3457a88d4fe25f33366be">Specifies a string constant defining the function; the meaning depends on the language. It can be an internal function name, a path pointing to a target file, a SQL query, or text in a procedural language.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lb0fa3e874dcc4f09b541b149564882f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a03189eedf2a846b69e9c68e9e6e7684b">LANGUAGE lang_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a19c6bfc0240746d183a8d32a27089c43">Indicates the name of the language that is used to implement the function. It can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b122942227114">SQL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b7301162251110">internal</strong>, or the name of user-defined process language. To ensure downward compatibility, the name can use single quotation marks. Contents in single quotation marks must be capitalized.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lcc76bcc9f3be4f9280aebb55a1c14bc6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__aff3313277a0646a9b41fcc4a73154f4d">WINDOW</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ad40788179e0d4dc4a3643b86d1d81477">Indicates that the function is a window function. The WINDOW attribute cannot be changed when the function definition is replaced.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__note17401824174719"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p124012240475">For a user-defined window function, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b16204133118343">LANGUAGE</strong> can only be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b020512318344">internal</strong>, and the referenced internal function must be a window function.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l05474f96cfb440028621977cba901261"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a1a6893db62b0466ea781f7db2448038b">IMMUTABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__aacfd4f6738a44a6d993550121bdec5b1">Indicates that the function always returns the same result if the parameter values are the same.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p71971628112112">If the input argument of the function is a constant, the function value is calculated at the optimizer stage. The advantage is that the expression value can be obtained as early as possible, so the cost estimation is more accurate and the execution plan generated is better.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p183070521245">A user-defined <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b112112415471">IMMUTABLE</strong> function is automatically pushed down to DNs for execution, which may cause potential risks. If a function is defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1085481412477">IMMUTABLE</strong> but the function execution process is in fact not <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b7463192024718">IMMUTABLE</strong>, serious problems such as result errors may occur. Therefore, exercise caution when defining the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1338833015473">IMMUTABLE</strong> attribute for a function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p115722853016">Examples:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ol1641815200444"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li144181920184412"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li144181920184412"></a><a name="li144181920184412"></a>If a user-defined function references objects such as tables and views, the function cannot be defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b546315012479">IMMUTABLE</strong>, because the function may return different results when the data in a referenced table changes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1341819203448"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1341819203448"></a><a name="li1341819203448"></a>If a user-defined function references a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b2756112104818">STABLE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b99411742482">VOLATILE</strong> function, the function cannot be defined as IMMUTABLE.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li34185206448">If a user-defined function contains factors that cannot be pushed down, the function cannot be defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b136551818184817">IMMUTABLE</strong>, because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1354232224811">IMMUTABLE</strong> attribute conflicts with factors that cannot be pushed down. Typical scenarios include functions and syntax that cannot be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li8418320174412">If a user-defined function contains an aggregation operation that will generate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1131716421483">STREAM</strong> plans to complete the operation (meaning that DNs and CNs are involved for results calculation, such as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b14892452134819">LISTAGG</strong> function), the function cannot be defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b157113576484">IMMUTABLE</strong>.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p17234232112718">To prevent possible problems, you can set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b79916512505">behavior_compat_options</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b951515104503">check_function_conflicts</strong> in the database to check definition conflicts. This method can identify the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li144181920184412">1</a> and <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1341819203448">2</a> scenarios described above.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l8cc62d32c893455d90e51b727bdc1922"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a17d15a074bd7437c8a34389755b8ebc3">STABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a16741047d13c4ad5b28129cdd4359975">Indicates that the function cannot modify the database, and that within a single table scan it will consistently return the same result for the same parameter values, but that its result varies by SQL statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l8907424a2b6242b589cbb3838350d5ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a9e75b0a45dd44027bcc5a2b90da2e878">VOLATILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ab3ee7bd28d0246d99422a8211665aee9">Indicates that the function value can change even within a single table scan, so no optimizations can be made.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li37194812496"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1145335616485">SHIPPABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p1334571110490"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1454819024919">NOT SHIPPABLE</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p8312111104820">Indicates whether the function can be pushed down to DNs for execution.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ul1433317562299"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li648719545292">Functions of the IMMUTABLE type can always be pushed down to the DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li050925442919">Functions of the STABLE or VOLATILE type can be pushed down to DNs only if their attribute is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b136845017275">SHIPPABLE</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p119351241112917">Exercise caution when defining the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b18613171624910">SHIPPABLE</strong> attribute for a function. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1431202813497">SHIPPABLE</strong> means that the entire function will be pushed down to DNs for execution. If the attribute is incorrectly set, serious problems such as result errors may occur.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p20840184265114">Similar to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b13205184217498">IMMUTABLE</strong> attribute, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b109252044194911">SHIPPABLE</strong> attribute has use restrictions. The function cannot contain factors that do not allow the function to be pushed down for execution. If a function is pushed down to a single DN for execution, the function's calculation logic will depend only on the data set of the DN.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p4854102213541">Examples:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ol92344457558"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li10234144517556">If a function references a hash table, you cannot define the function as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b8903181165018">SHIPPABLE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li6235345115510">If a function contains factors, functions, or syntax that cannot be pushed down, the function cannot be defined as SHIPPABLE. For details, see Optimizing Statement Pushdown.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li15235204555513">If a function's calculation process involves data across DNs, the function cannot be defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1325583416501">SHIPPABLE</strong>. For example, some aggregation operations involve data across DNs.</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li48131611112918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1648117177528">PACKAGE</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p8488510143011">Indicates whether the function can be overloaded. PostgreSQL-style functions can be overloaded, and this parameter is designed for Oracle-style functions.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ul16535202615353"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li35351026163513">All PACKAGE and non-PACKAGE functions cannot be overloaded or replaced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li76654123517">PACKAGE functions do not support parameters of the VARIADIC type.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li5417717174411">The PACKAGE attribute of functions cannot be modified.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__le58f8d87813d4d9a9c3161d584e69d41"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a17ed0fd88b4b4dbc963df3133fea8af1">LEAKPROOF</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__af3e634d3ec5c4109ae22f0948b69e445">Indicates that the function has no side effects. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b3758831310408">LEAKPROOF</strong> can be set only by the system administrator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lfbd4a5a031d84731b739029d65ad8547"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ab4f304007d2c471e9d75b779b2f095a4">CALLED ON NULL INPUT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a7c7c7cb233094f568ce60879e54981fc">Declares that some parameters of the function can be invoked in normal mode if the parameter values are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b140546266017272">NULL</strong>. This parameter can be omitted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__la79af23662b149599a0f244e332010b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a68ae7ad12b1b4173b32b87246c1b4355">RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a11e089cc98ac42319ce18236e9c94a6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__aea46ed3ba90048c3a929693f6093a1bc">STRICT</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ae10420bc5699455284dbfb8b948aa49a">Indicates that the function always returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b595248359421">NULL</strong> whenever any of its parameters are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b659614749421">NULL</strong>. If this parameter is specified, the function is not executed when there are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b16231192875315">NULL</strong> parameters; instead a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b112321728115315">NULL</strong> result is returned automatically.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a4cd589ae88c142beb6e99dda2425451e">The usage of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b202034259835832">RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT</strong> is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b40006490535832">STRICT</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lf14c2a2da7054a8fbf12fac43230caee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a0b64202abd4c47c7b1596e43b1eb8a34">EXTERNAL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a1dabd51eec044c309d48cde7602d5dbd">The keyword EXTERNAL is allowed for SQL conformance, but it is optional since, unlike in SQL, this feature applies to all functions not only external ones.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__la52f72efac214652a7b98387e6f90120"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a5dcfad137d4442c89b0fef1ace86144e">SECURITY INVOKER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a9fb1ce1508e54388b9c2e7e184531179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a83716c60b7bf4cada16bc0de17dd671b">AUTHID CURRENT_USER</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__aa911617d439443e790214b8c013e5637">Indicates that the function is to be executed with the permissions of the user that calls it. This parameter can be omitted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a1c8b83085ad84426be18cf93fb6dd427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b0231759153417">SECURITY INVOKER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1024125917347">AUTHID CURRENT_USER</strong> have the same functions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lf60806348cc04abfa54836582791da24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ae109df50b9764a7fb73589a1f96560da">SECURITY DEFINER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a7d90d27951af4fa0b52e1b86012bd4eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a3a3f000fd11b4e59b64fa4fdfcd09945">AUTHID DEFINER</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a909b1017f2f34899934d213b79371e30">Specifies that the function is to be executed with the permissions of the user that created it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a493d4e60a28a4ba79879862158a567d4">The usage of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b5296950093526">AUTHID DEFINER</strong> is the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b696345793526">SECURITY DEFINER</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li146822105536"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b14949155315112">FENCED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p437119283116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b79791153218">NOT FENCED</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p368714429110">(Effective only for C functions) Specifies whether functions are executed in fenced mode. In NOT FENCED mode, a function is executed in a CN or DN process. In FENCED mode, a function is executed in a new fork process, which does not affect CN or DN processes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p203237211537">Application scenarios:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ul778020011549"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li1100181411556">Develop or debug a function in FENCED mode and execute it in NOT FENCED mode. This reduces the cost of the fork process and communication.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li4714275511641">Perform complex OS operations, such as open a file, process signals and threads, in FENCED mode so that <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__text1968436910">GaussDB(DWS)</span> running is not affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li139698293718">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706154913">FENCED</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ld1a182145e47490a9fbf0f944dfdcfb3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a7f8a84423a2d457b98863328802f307e">COST execution_cost</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a5c9ec3053fd0470995cb8dfa7427ed71">A positive number giving the estimated execution cost for the function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a45ed2ba6aa614d4591b7fc8cf2949919">The unit of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b1801909104051">execution_cost</strong> is cpu_operator_cost.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a241634c11b9e43e0a5c00b5b093421ed">Value range: A positive number.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lb01e83687c0a4a979d5a41822bfdbe67"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ae3adba3ca6344b2c9826c5ec923551dc">ROWS result_rows</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a336a087555ea47088cfb4da8a68a1c34">Estimates the number of rows returned by the function. This is only allowed when the function is declared to return a set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a3c9b554c404b425ead170107e77bcc9e">Value range: A positive number. The default is 1000 rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l73b6744d3fe5495c962f92616088e20a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a3ae47d3dac494ef4b62de791a8cc4bb5">configuration_parameter</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__u95763292670045f492122dba72185b4d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l1a067ba72b15475d94dd5da4719e815a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a061620efde384620880f49fd8989a939">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a26b54c4b67ae415499f8781ee5b840b8">Sets a specified database session parameter to a specified value. If the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b34829917735832">DEFAULT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b185342923335832">RESET</strong>, the default setting is used in the new session. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b65100094435832">OFF</strong> closes the setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a64673ed5081e4882afd2d6bb63daec5e">Value range: a string</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__u1eeb225c7b674a82bbaa40f49de12f0a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l5a1df459f586430c94c7caa7c94d37db">DEFAULT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l8c9146bd6be5438989455a11ef2f08dc">OFF</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l70f51a8a48cb4ffe94765939f3508b13">RESET</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__aa956a3134362449c9888f4e3a6e1bd34">Specifies the default value.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__l775337b760c54a52b41e3dfb877289dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a1dc00749d0c24d51999c27dd41198739">from current</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__abec4fd14300f418b84778b110bc725e2">Uses the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706205857">configuration_parameter</strong> of the current session.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__li19848181314456"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b58313824618">obj_file, link_symbol</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p153116364441">(Used for C functions) Specifies the absolute path of the dynamic library using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706191814">obj_file</strong> and the link symbol (function name in C programming language) of the function using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__b842352706191832">link_symbol</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__lee2554e54e844878888fa9b6b03fe325"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a6efce39005fe472abddf55bd93a7ddf7">plsql_body</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__ae728963f0e194e8cad181e291d2507db">Indicates the PL/SQL stored procedure body.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__n20e64c4ccf0d4240831d483cf307dc65"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a927b90a2f8fe404181283b7b389b09a6">When the function is creating users, the log will record unencrypted passwords. You are not advised to do it.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__sf77ad23b39744458aa662aaa8989dec0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p095701103216">Define the function as SQL query.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen9301145343314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select $1 + $2;'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p583618502344">Add an integer by parameter name using PL/pgSQL.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen11340135812378"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_increment_plsql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p9624183693518">Return the RECORD type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen1480515110364"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETOF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RECORD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">result_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">result_2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">next</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="k">language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p17767838173518">Get a record containing multiple output parameters.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen125011639183719"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_dup_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' is text'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_dup_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p1295917586353">Calculate the sum of two integers and get the result. If the input is null, null will be returned.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen12514164333715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__p6978111516361">Create an overloaded function with the PACKAGE attribute.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__screen18024763716"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">declare</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">col_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">122</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'two int parameters '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">smallint</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">declare</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">col_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">122</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'two smallint parameters '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__s2d5b1f5875e5404c9448dfdda40e035f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510725__a7242546cbf0f4f64850785da282339a2"><a href="dws_06_0126.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0193.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE GROUP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__sac34593d482d45809e36dedefb206fdc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__ae25a8d41ae394108992d6beb1bfa5006"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__b842352706163117">CREATE GROUP</strong> creates a user group.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__se1a7b5f210ee42fdb11bdcc6692cd5cb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__a9b5e25844c50483c820769265ee3f4cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__b84235270683815">CREATE GROUP</strong> is an alias for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__b84235270683827">CREATE ROLE</strong>, and it is not a standard SQL command and not recommended. Users can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__b84235270683836">CREATE ROLE</strong> directly.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__s5c9f10d50b7f4bba91aab5c119f9c0d7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__sc95d58efd71448b38e4770cfa38d0a56"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__a7eb67eaa52094e5aa7e5188ffb80593f">The syntax of optional <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__b84235270683858">action</strong> clause is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__sc6f6a22af4624298a3e266864146310e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOSYSADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">AUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOAUDITADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOCREATEDB</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOUSEFT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCREATEROLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINHERIT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOLOGIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOREPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINDEPENDENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">VCADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOVCADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'respool'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'groupuser'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic_group_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SYSID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">profile_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__s6a81197096db4021990a301760e0e466"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__a7f4178f29a43401b8d23d15477b7890a">See <a href="dws_06_0172.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__en-us_topic_0058966007_b84235270683948">CREATE ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__s6c9aed4e2dff45e6a845f282efa25e1f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910693__ad6e4e51e194c43c3b5623b7d0a3216e9"><a href="dws_06_0127.html">ALTER GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0194.html">DROP GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE INDEX</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__s53f44d3e91f5457cb7d9bb69f511142f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__af66b4c69779e4356be1ee5a899f82a0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b4280874913219">CREATE INDEX-bak</strong> defines a new index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ac3d0ed20496a4726b6ab23ce3c7ef2fe">Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in slower database performance). You are advised to create indexes on:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__u56da438e26d2407ba3214328b6e72a86"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__leff44f17a35d489eab9c97d504c9e374">Columns that are often queried</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lc16dabd8453f449f9e76b26b8155549f">Join conditions. For a query on joined columns, you are advised to create a composite index on the columns, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b156479478339">select * from t1 join t2 on t1.a=t2.a and t1.b=t2.b</strong>. You can create a composite index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b9648147193319">a</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b7649134719332">b</strong> columns of table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b15649114717331">t1</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__le2f5e880d5c9460f80b07f7bae5fb8e5">Columns having filter criteria (especially scope criteria) of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1589022650143023">where</strong> clause</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l1da96d3cc6734a85a9fef6ab24934cb2">Columns that appear after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706165331">order by</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706165335">group by</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706165339">distinct</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aabfed7b73e914b4382062d2316e84543">The partitioned table does not support concurrent index creation, partial index creation, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b84235270684243">NULL FIRST</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__sbf9c8e4d7f954dc694a37db7d757d8ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__u3a1b571c9c68428aaf40d9e544d66ac0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lda0f9062c39f4a25a44bda4d3015a9c6">Indexes consume storage and computing resources. Creating too many indexes has negative impact on database performance (especially the performance of data import. Therefore, you are advised to import the data before creating indexes). Create indexes only when they are necessary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__le64c746bda434abfb094002507b1ff9f">All functions and operators used in an index definition must be immutable, that is, their results must depend only on their arguments and never on any outside influence (such as the contents of another table or the current time). This restriction ensures that the behavior of the index is well-defined. To use a user-defined function in an index expression or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b3947061213219">WHERE</strong> clause, remember to mark the function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1969119613219">immutable</strong> when you create it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l7b009ee7c0d245fcb8c1304052661eba">A unique index created on a partitioned table must include a partition column and all the partition keys.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li19310332315">GaussDB(DWS) can only create local indexes on partitioned tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li157683910236">Column-store tables and HDFS tables support B-tree indexes. If the B-tree indexes are used, you cannot create expression and partial indexes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li01201638102817">Column-store tables support creating unique indexes using B-tree indexes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li184171501536">Column-store and HDFS tables support psort indexes. If the psort indexes are used, you cannot create expression, partial, and unique indexes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li963018481407">Column-store tables support GIN indexes, rather than partial indexes and unique indexes. If GIN indexes are used, you can create expression indexes. However, an expression in this situation cannot contain empty splitters, empty columns, or multiple columns.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__s24ec35b5f9c14d769e971bcbe31602e9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__uc053bf39d5bb496dad2145dd01aa3827"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lb864f7c29c044c0091a2f82969517da7">Create an index on a table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__sbd2a3044c76548b89fc6ee3a6e29e23b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">opclass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lcae21aeee6bb4a73a474907eea5de72b">Create an index for a partitioned table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__s5efcfb8e57cb463fa71a38fb1973afd1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">opclass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_partition_tablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__sf8f8dd40661b40ea937195a67f4eeee2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__uaac778a53f9a44c09c67286bd0ae1a69"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l6a70cb012d98446b93deb38ec13b38b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a00e7b99f30e44360b54b5b9b8179f4ac">UNIQUE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a3108b46c8f84430d9c90e39ce232bc4c">Causes the system to check for duplicate values in the table when the index is created (if data exists) and each time data is added. Attempts to insert or update data which would result in duplicate entries will generate an error.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__af7ea946418a14873b72c3c88dc4545e1">Currently, only B-tree indexes of row-store tables and column-store tables support unique indexes.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li1576165217372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b95011938152617">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p191481020203817">Name of the schema where the index to be created is located. The specified schema name must be the same as the schema of the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lb9fc031ac7824d7db9edcdce2db59699"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ac7b6ca73e02341fe92c1632a35a43171">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a96a91211d9b84902aca7d13475779806">Specifies the name of the index to be created. The schema of the index is the same as that of the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a608d5b1347f04e30a3734f8ef49c550c">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l9d58a0175c7e4c76bf54c4bd1c16adbf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a3d7c269dc309483dacc7492a636627e9">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ae861d043391642a68799d979030a6cb4">Specifies the name of the table to be indexed (optionally schema-qualified).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a9560613ee1014c9eb659766e3e642b83">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l5cd81b862ec0495dbe19519b3d1ae43a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ad6da349543504afabd6dde2d98a8a777">USING method</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a3536cea1c80d4f15a8aff57aa623a068">Specifies the name of the index method to be used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aaa52b634ce244325ad4f95601fbfab26">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ul2994380316231"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li4067585616318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__en-us_topic_0058965694_b842352706101424">btree</strong>: The B-tree index uses a structure that is similar to the B+ tree structure to store data key values, facilitating index search. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b016044515318">btree</strong> supports comparison queries with ranges specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li1033356216332"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1271219315529">gin</strong>: GIN indexes are reverse indexes and can process values that contain multiple keys (for example, arrays).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li1587951012811"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b84431519823">gist</strong>: GiST indexes are suitable for the set data type and multidimensional data types, such as geometric and geographic data types.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li575600616353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1921816326811">Psort</strong>: psort index. It is used to perform partial sort on column-store tables.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p879698416446">Row-based tables support the following index types: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1137764741410">btree</strong> (default), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b36321750131411">gin</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b942953191413">gist</strong>. Column-based tables support the following index types: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b716135811141">Psort</strong> (default), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b21851805151">btree</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b169136171519">gin</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lc3d68974c8544752940c55a12ecfb252"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ab9b4bb03fc9d40418597b2e75a73897d">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aafc9425044c74324a4c398796c00c347">Specifies the name of a column of the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a486f9aa7556c4ac58e2058d7b1e0b5cd">Multiple columns can be specified if the index method supports multi-column indexes. A maximum of 32 columns can be specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l345ab85335ed4023a0b432c33c6bd455"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a08feb9c71d1345a3a5150768a030a880">expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a13517e30fabc4c6899d86bf522ea2e90">Specifies an expression based on one or more columns of the table. The expression usually must be written with surrounding parentheses, as shown in the syntax. However, the parentheses can be omitted if the expression has the form of a function call.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a7924da8843a54621a4c0a2d03265fd7d">Expression can be used to obtain fast access to data based on some transformation of the basic data. For example, an index computed on upper(col) would allow the clause WHERE upper(col) = 'JIM' to use an index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a8ca042c9e2fb4de88f13552314d729b3">If an expression contains <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1729841913219">IS NULL</strong>, the index for this expression is invalid. In this case, you are advised to create a partial index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lddc7a474770746abbcdd21645d3d1e53"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a26c0bfa3ff9746ec832e7c31252a3789">COLLATE collation</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__adefde2fc16a24a4e8217acc5c705d920">Assigns a collation to the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If no collation is specified, the default collation is used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lb10009df2eb849c797aa992677ce1450"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aa664344c2cc74c798368bc349a1b52f3">opclass</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aab4d2b78dfb24c1ea7a7ec6e6274b989">Specifies the name of an operator class. Specifies an operator class for each column of an index. The operator class identifies the operators to be used by the index for that column. For example, a B-tree index on the type int4 would use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b84235270612157">int4_ops</strong> class; this operator class includes comparison functions for values of type int4. In practice, the default operator class for the column's data type is sufficient. The operator class applies to data with multiple sorts. For example, we might want to sort a complex-number data type either by absolute value or by real part. We could do this by defining two operator classes for the data type and then selecting the proper class when making an index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l200d37ef375d4a1987bc56ae338add24"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a9bc53f4a47f84fccbb054f4021d86501">ASC</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__acffabc4ef75840409a053ec72a3e0250">Indicates ascending sort order (default). This option is supported only by row storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l63cc7cccf0b84ad09e88e2b620d8e4e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a669a0a97d27b47ef8cc993aa22cdcc1f">DESC</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a5f5573e8507a4c44878b16b5bb70193e">Indicates descending sort order. This option is supported only by row storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l901bb041edcd446ab2385b84b6bc7017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a30a56baf05fc4802bb66df26c20e818b">NULLS FIRST</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aa22bd7ea64a94c44a77eded961457397">Specifies that nulls sort before not-null values. This is the default when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b5605542015529">DESC</strong> is specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lf2347a31427b4024ae6a2bbad61ff9c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ad8dae5ce84bc4c609542de3010ee5684">NULLS LAST</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a80ddf3cfd2204087900b1d5b623f6861">Specifies that nulls sort after not-null values. This is the default when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b4952185015529">DESC</strong> is not specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l10b4b4d376fb4a8aa55b6ef0934e5a71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__af9f35c3e60034f0d834abfdfcfc21192">WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ab777e4753ceb43dc89f761ddf246315c">Specifies the name of an index-method-specific storage parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ac64bc6e553a54397b42f93d88ab66ba3">Valid value:</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a6e119d799ef9496ab3a0d3ea7b00bf4e">Only the GIN index supports the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706161824">FASTUPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706161826">GIN_PENDING_LIST_LIMIT</strong> parameters. The indexes other than GIN and psort support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706161837">FILLFACTOR</strong> parameter.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ufdbddcbf3041475c8a0a70ff0fdfcae4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lb5493c4ce6c54010b7d02d378d419a32">FILLFACTOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a5995aa9b61ac48c999a83baf250be6f1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__lb5493c4ce6c54010b7d02d378d419a32"></a><a name="lb5493c4ce6c54010b7d02d378d419a32"></a>The fillfactor for an index is a percentage between 10 and 100.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a9660611d25e0498dbe67e73262ec6fb2">Value range: 10–100</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l75f437b238a9406cb997e04c6e4953f7">FASTUPDATE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ad395767f713842e3898370a7e6a16070"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l75f437b238a9406cb997e04c6e4953f7"></a><a name="l75f437b238a9406cb997e04c6e4953f7"></a>Specifies whether fast update is enabled for the GIN index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__af63f215ac3ff4efa9cba01c18f3bf7d4">Valid value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b17240157114120">ON</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b4575859104111">OFF</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a0c906cf9f21141c4980623635883c498">Default: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b174255817124">ON</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l1b75695abc3d4ce0b735b192c80684d9">GIN_PENDING_LIST_LIMIT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aacb9252ce7f945c096cf424163d2f4c3"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__l1b75695abc3d4ce0b735b192c80684d9"></a><a name="l1b75695abc3d4ce0b735b192c80684d9"></a>Specifies the maximum capacity of the pending list of the GIN index when fast update is enabled for the GIN index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ac837ef30fed4414bb51a04884ac3e791">Value range: 64–INT_MAX. The unit is KB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aeb024249a1eb4bbdb5aeab38c22d4cd1">Default value: The default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b84235270611304">gin_pending_list_limit</strong> depends on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706113012">gin_pending_list_limit</strong> specified in GUC parameters. By default, the value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b842352706113037">4</strong> MB.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__la4fef1aed91242f39afd9275a7b26a1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ac8d97f457ef04998876d09016fe1a813">WHERE predicate</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a87f2b0a2ed01487e9619afc7e5d8b9bc">Creates a partial index. A partial index is an index that contains entries for only a portion of a table, usually a portion that is more useful for indexing than the rest of the table. For example, if you have a table that contains both billed and unbilled orders where the unbilled orders take up a small fraction of the total table and yet that is an often used section, you can improve performance by creating an index on just that portion. Another possible application is to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b192528250211461">WHERE</strong> with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b202825066811461">UNIQUE</strong> to enforce uniqueness over a subset of a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ae6d96d6f83b14103a5a1f93a71ad466f">Value range: predicate expression can refer only to columns of the underlying table, but it can use all columns, not just the ones being indexed. Presently, subquery and aggregate expressions are also forbidden in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b5528777613219">WHERE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__la513b375f5534a2e94a30adcffc53ab6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a13ae6211675b4c3bb8d17ada32ff45a0">PARTITION index_partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a8b9116bb83a444e79bbcbb38cc702aa1">Specifies the name of the index partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__aee5d6dc31bd74541836945ba69da56cb">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__sdc8d9708a6954b11885f89a80436edbe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ul15192121344310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li9193191354316">Create a sample table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b441611575312"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text1845020543512">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen8785122414522"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_ID</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_TYPE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CODE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CARRIER</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CONTRACT</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p134501054135118">-- Create a common index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b19910178135312">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b169111184531"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text4449185417511">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen14758318537"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p444917543510">Create a B-tree index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b5656172012536">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b665711203538"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text144913543517">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen155391336569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">btree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p344825418513">Create an expression index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b5663123215539">SM_CODE</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b15664193217531"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text666473212539">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen13806171716572"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_CODE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p1644816547511">Create a partial index on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1790583645310">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</strong> column where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b4905153610538">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</strong> is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b290618363531">10</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b3907163612535"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text11906336145317">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen136785355717">CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ds_ship_mode_t1_index3 ON <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text187319537574">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1(SM_SHIP_MODE_SK) WHERE SM_SHIP_MODE_SK&gt;10;</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__ul19941448104310"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__li29413481432">Create a sample table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b1896018485531"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__text13882195313347">tpcds.</span>customer_address_p1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen3956161283613"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_ID</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_CITY</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_STATE</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_ZIP</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CA_LOCATION_TYPE</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p38811253123420">Create the partitioned table index <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b6513455155317">ds_customer_address_p1_index1</strong> with the name of the index partition not specified.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen159585438366"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_customer_address_p1_index1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__p168800535345">Create the partitioned table index <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__b147555375413">ds_customer_address_p1_index2</strong> with the name of the index partition specified.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__screen2321171315379"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ds_customer_address_p1_index2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK_index1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK_index2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CA_ADDRESS_SK_index3</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__s0567cb9fe1c54656859018594498149f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670916__a33aab5dcd79c400caf9d86ed4d17173d"><a href="dws_06_0128.html">ALTER INDEX</a>, <a href="dws_06_0195.html">DROP INDEX</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body0000001125005011"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__section64541617155413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p48721529133312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b15755191483412">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</strong> creates a data redaction policy for a table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__section530426175413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__ul2301626185417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li6508144710461">Only the table owner has the permission to create a data redaction policy.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li5717812205115">You can create data redaction policies only for ordinary tables. Redaction policies are unavailable to system catalogs, HDFS tables, foreign tables, temporary tables, UNLOGGED tables, views, and functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li10543192315366">Synonyms cannot be used to create redaction policies for ordinary table objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li62391740173610">Table objects and redaction policies have a one-to-one mapping relationship. A redaction policy is a collection of data redaction functions that can be applied to multiple columns in a table. You can set different redaction functions for different columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li1620843714471">A redaction policy is enabled by default upon its creation, that is, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b85391223193420">enable</strong> parameter of the policy is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b7917183614349">true</strong> by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li19350134104912">Redaction policies do not take effect on users with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b82320466342">sysadmin</strong> permission. Data in the redacted columns is always visible to such users.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__s76b82d2844864556836665e71507845d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen173304864816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">when_expression</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">redaction_function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argument</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__section329711615553"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__ul13297216165518"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__le0d876a4740142cba6070d2bfa9fe052"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__a9135027b510a46a6a4c96ad94015b654">policy_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p47444371904">Specifies the name of a redaction policy.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__l59953a97ae544273852d23e58811e857"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__aafb71be4f77c42b09bc43534c8375b37">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p129154115187">Specifies the name of the table to which the redaction policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li549719951616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b141373218180">WHEN ( when_expression )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p11491174112011">Specifies the expression used for the redaction policy to take effect. The redaction policy takes effect only when this expression is true.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__note152055145311"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p14609172911014">When a query statement is querying a table where a redaction policy is enabled, the redacted data is invisible in the query only if the WHEN expression for the redaction policy is true. Generally, the WHEN clause is used to specify the users for which the redaction policy takes effect.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p52886545456">The WHEN clause must comply with the following rules:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__ol1681469167"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li15681465161">The expression can be a combination of multiple subexpressions connected by AND and/or OR.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li156916619161">Each subexpression supports only the =, &lt;&gt;, !=, &gt;=, &gt;, &lt;=, and &lt; operators. The left and right operand values can only be constant values or one of the following system constant values: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b229819253556">SESSION_USER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b3296278559">CURRENT_USER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b6314133045513">USER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1348413815517">CURRENT_ROLE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b16260541185513">CURRENT_SCHEMA</strong> system constants or the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b2012704485514">SYS_CONTEXT</strong> system function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li46917631620">Each subexpression can be an IN or NOT IN expression. The value for the left operand can be any of the system constant values listed in rule 2, and each element in the array of the right operand must be a constant value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li26912631618">If you want a redaction policy to be valid in all conditions, that is, you want it to take effect on all users (including the table owner), you are advised to use the (1=1) expression to create this policy.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li176915611167">If the WHEN clause is not specified, the redaction policy is disabled by default. You need to manually specify a WHEN expression for the policy to take effect.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li109730225161"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b52262235588">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p518122711582">Specifies the name of the table column to which the redaction policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li234522701614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b20556191241">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p212414138413">Specifies the redaction function applied to the specified table column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li20539133401616"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b8860175647">arguments</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p54735341082">Specifies the list of arguments of the redaction function.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__note1511614581467"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p1885550123017">The system provides three built-in redaction functions: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b179844131914">MASK_NONE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1654551518910">MASK_FULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b15309171710912">MASK_PARTIAL</strong>. For details about the function specifications, see <a href="dws_06_0064.html">Data Redaction Functions</a>. You can also define your own redaction functions, which must comply with the following rules:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__ol19615123919161"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li146151239131618">In addition to the redaction format, only one column can be specified in the argument list for data redaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li136161239181613">The return type must be the same as the data type of the redacted column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li1961643931615">The functions can be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__li261618399165">The functions only implement the formatting for specific data types and do not involve complex association operations with other table objects.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p18116195816611">Built-in redaction functions can cover common redaction scenarios of sensitive information. Therefore, you are advised to use built-in redaction functions to create redaction policies.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__section1879372020138"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p2951115933013">Create a table object <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b8888915105414">emp</strong> as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b48931015195413">alice</strong>, and insert data into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen1974112714348"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMERIC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'July'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1230</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'David'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">99</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p59506593305">Create a redaction policy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1931762005415">mask_emp</strong> for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1231832095414">emp</strong> table as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1231812203548">alice</strong> to make the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b33180208545">salary</strong> column invisible to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1431819202545">matu</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen133645594346"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'matu'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_full</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p7950759133014">Grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b87791123175410">SELECT</strong> permission on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b107791923135416">emp</strong> table to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1177992318547">matu</strong> as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b878002385415">alice</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen693627143520"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matu</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p179501259103016">Switch to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b16882172645416">matu</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen616983817357"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matu</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p99506599304">Query the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b1282622913542">emp</strong> table. Data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__b882611299547">salary</strong> column has been redacted.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__screen5137846163518"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830728__p9325125517354"><a href="dws_06_0132.html">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0199.html">DROP REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section196521854173211"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p48721529133312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1028518341089">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</strong> creates a row-level access control policy for a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1479416593558">The policy takes effect only after row-level access control is enabled (by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b992122891010">ALTER TABLE... ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY</strong>).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1643314285913">Currently, row-level access control affects the read (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b2028817617125">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1089912951216">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b188693135129">DELETE</strong>) of data tables and does not affect the write (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b2741955161210">INSERT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b737282101320">MERGE INTO</strong>) of data tables. The table owner or system administrators can create an expression in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b93774397136">USING</strong> clause. When the client reads the data table, the database server combines the expressions that meet the condition and applies it to the execution plan in the statement rewriting phase of a query. For each tuple in a data table, if the expression returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1841663971617">TRUE</strong>, the tuple is visible to the current user; if the expression returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b513195751618">FALSE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b8839459151616">NULL</strong>, the tuple is invisible to the current user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p559544117276">A row-level access control policy name is specific to a table. A data table cannot have row-level access control policies with the same name. Different data tables can have the same row-level access control policy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p18488195263013">Row-level access control policies can be applied to specified operations (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b134521951111813">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b31061854121815">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b17564165610186">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b51521259111820">ALL</strong>). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b182704413190">ALL</strong> indicates that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b64561410131916">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b144212151918">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1256919144197">DELETE</strong> will be affected. For a new row-level access control policy, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1694915812202">ALL</strong> will be used if you do not specify the operations that will be affected.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p162715143367">Row-level access control policies can be applied to a specified user (role) or to all users (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b12959123817213">PUBLIC</strong>). For a new row-level access control policy, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b11177155592112">PUBLIC</strong> will be used if you do not specify the user that will be affected.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section12765201893310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__ul0606822105013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li5717812205115">Row-level access control policies can be defined for row-store tables, row-store partitioned tables, column-store tables, column-store partitioned tables, replication tables, unlogged tables, and hash tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li1817414546507">Row-level access control policies cannot be defined for HDFS tables, foreign tables, and temporary tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__l964f3d68d79343ec895f266accae7521">Row-level access control policies cannot be defined for views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li11400107183312">A maximum of 100 row-level access control policies cannot be defined for a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li155511718334">System administrators are not affected by row-level access control policies and can view all data in a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li107451922104418">Tables queried by using SQL statements, views, functions, and stored procedures are affected by row-level access control policies.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li1812625922720">The type of a column that a row-level access control policy depends on cannot be changed. For example, the following modifications are not supported:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen11920599328"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section16798192723415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__s406f02107ea34794962476b1aeb9cde9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERMISSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESTRICTIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">using_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section11851526346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__ul1797082105710"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__l10d04a708e44432c8552ce5ae19edc79"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i163991140112717">policy_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__aa7b5db6826fb4cb2b492870e9a57f6e9">Specifies the name of a row-level access control policy to be created. The names of row-level access control policies for a table must be unique.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__ld8389117085641808615b13f1a9db00e"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i15915413162914">table_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__a618a27d6c2d648e488b84233937ff15c">Specifies the name of a table to which a row-level access control policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li23671960577"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b191466534158">PERMISSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p236736145720">Specifies that the row-level access control policy is to be created as a permissive policy. For a given query, all applicable permissive policies are combined using the OR operator. Row-level access control policies are permissive by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li68404815573"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b9534131101610">RESTRICTIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p0396942165716">Specifies that the row-level access control policy is to be created as a restrictive policy. For a given query, all applicable restrictive policies are combined using the AND operator.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__n95706c955b064a6bb1a9c9b4587869d1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__a4e2eaf842bd64d839214ff5de378ef6c">At least one permissive policy is required to grant access to data records. If only restrictive policies are used, no records will be accessible. When both permissive and restrictive policies are used, a record is accessible only when it passes at least one permissive policy and all restrictive policies.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__l7dc2a705b8484c5585b6fd66af58b22c"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i17773164315292">command</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__a5d44972e84d649f7b2836d6d25574319">Specifies the SQL operations affected by a row-level access control policy, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b22511047153013">ALL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b764419501309">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b7833165417305">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b917645943012">DELETE</strong>. If this parameter is not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1599151683111">ALL</strong> will be used, covering <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b199181943116">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b191801522133110">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b6768825203115">DELETE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p144561153115919">If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i176845003117">command</em> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b14958153143113">SELECT</strong>, only tuple data that meets the condition (the return value of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i2335513103420">using_expression</em> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b189614153346">TRUE</strong>) can be queried. The operations that are affected include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b9933833123410">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b257016451347">UPDATE.... RETURNING</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b56514111355">DELETE... RETURNING</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p742517159271">If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i0323191663515">command</em> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b3326316203518">UPDATE</strong>, only tuple data that meets the condition (the return value of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i03281616183512">using_expression</em> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b63299169358">TRUE</strong>) can be updated. The operations that are affected include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b106661659103513">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b84401036368">UPDATE ... RETURNING</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b15297121113616">SELECT ... FOR UPDATE/SHARE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p576538133519">If <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i778917167364">command</em> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b117928163365">DELETE</strong>, only tuple data that meets the condition (the return value of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i19793111618369">using_expression</em> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b11795191615365">TRUE</strong>) can be deleted. The operations that are affected include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b09989465368">DELETE</strong> and<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b203481255153618"> DELETE ... RETURNING</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1876162412392">The following table describes the relationship between row-level access control policies and SQL statements.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__table198047342176" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Relationship between row-level security policies and SQL statements</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row14804134141720"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p15480134519170">Command</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p68052034131718">SELECT/ALL Policy</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1780563415176">UPDATE/ALL Policy</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p999710011189">DELETE/ALL Policy</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row8805153420177"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p198427121816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b39847712186">SELECT</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p11691414151820">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p2069141491810">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p96911141181">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row88060345170"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p119842715181"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b179841175185">SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p18691161415188">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p96921114181819">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p9692814151819">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row28066347171"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p99841079188"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b119841971185">UPDATE</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1769241415186">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p46921714201817">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p126921514111820">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row7807434141711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p098513761813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b189853718182">UPDATE RETURNING</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p8693191411810">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p11693114171815">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1869315142184">No</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row980723420178"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p59855771815"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1298517171813">DELETE</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p869361491810">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1369451421818">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1269413146181">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__row5809133491710"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1698557101810"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b119851970188">DELETE RETURNING</strong></p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p2694171421811">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1269401481815">No</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.5.7.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p19694121417189">Existing row</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li191762417"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i18274216124012">role_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p12809171364012">Specifies database users affected by a row-level access control policy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p791567418">If this parameter is not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1142175934017">PUBLIC</strong> will be used, indicating that all database users will be affected. You can specify multiple affected database users.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__n2040f1a1a91d43919bfb3baec9444bd1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__a08982048baf14db4bba5f6b6f7687a09">System administrators are not affected by row access control.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__ul128779149498"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li10877161416497"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i8437114212411">using_expression</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p1111512144213">Specifies an expression defined for a row-level access control policy (return type: boolean).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p270517316512">The expression cannot contain aggregate functions and window functions. In the statement rewriting phase of a query, if row-level access control for a data table is enabled, the expressions that meet the specified conditions will be added to the plan tree. The expression is calculated for each tuple in the data table. For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b19345172710468">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b9550231194611">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1348744114463">DELETE</strong>, row data is visible to the current user only when the return value of the expression is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b96951252154616">TRUE</strong>. If the expression returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b542740154711">FALSE</strong>, the tuple is invisible to the current user. In this case, the user cannot view the tuple through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1892412634710">SELECT</strong> statement, update the tuple through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1019303217477">UPDATE</strong> statement, or delete the tuple through the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1031293644719">DELETE</strong> statement.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section17979101023515"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1: Create a row-level access control policy that the current user can only view its own data.</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__ol2680194314412"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li468064394114">Create users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b870106144620">alice</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b4701661460">bob</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen4435111816815">CREATE ROLE alice PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i11527155911457">{password1}</em>'
+CREATE ROLE bob PASSWORD '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i364823319496">{password2}</em>';</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li835195494116">Create the data table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b9276104444611">public.all_data</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen16204193713817">CREATE TABLE public.all_data(id int, role varchar(100), data varchar(100));</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li15753105984111">Insert data into the table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen1469120711912">INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(1, 'alice', 'alice data');
+INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(2, 'bob', 'bob data');
+INSERT INTO all_data VALUES(3, 'peter', 'peter data');</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li75921162422">Grant the read permission for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b734245619460">all_data</strong> table to users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1234975613465">alice</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1534915604620">bob</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen7817242295">GRANT SELECT ON all_data TO alice, bob;</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li6493181317426">Enable row-level access control.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen354714495289"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li590620185422">Create a row-level access control policy to specify that the current user can view only its own data.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen97291034152817">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY all_data_rls ON all_data USING(role = CURRENT_USER);</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li8535102413423">View information about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b1249747144715">all_data</strong> table.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen1967711273102">\d+ all_data
+                               Table "public.all_data"
+ Column |          Type          | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description
+--------+------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer                |           | plain    |              |
+ role   | character varying(100) |           | extended |              |
+ data   | character varying(100) |           | extended |              |
+Row Level Security Policies:
+    POLICY "all_data_rls"
+      USING (((role)::name = "current_user"()))
+Has OIDs: no
+Distribute By: HASH(id)
+Location Nodes: ALL DATANODES
+Options: orientation=row, compression=no, enable_rowsecurity=true</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li14122142124218">Run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b145341813164719">SELECT</strong>.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen580710562511">SELECT * FROM all_data;
+ id | role  |    data
+----+-------+------------
+  1 | alice | alice data
+  2 | bob   | bob data
+  3 | peter | peter data
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN(COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM all_data;
+         QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------
+ Streaming (type: GATHER)
+   Node/s: All datanodes
+   -&gt;  Seq Scan on all_data
+(3 rows)</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li10899347134216">Switch to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__b221018193475">alice</strong> user.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen7817103562420">set role alice password '<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__i16502175810492">{password1}</em>';</pre>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__li1455755315420">Perform the SELECT operation.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__screen233012011246">SELECT * FROM all_data;
+ id | role  |    data
+----+-------+------------
+  1 | alice | alice data
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN(COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM all_data;
+                           QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Streaming (type: GATHER)
+   Node/s: All datanodes
+   -&gt;  Seq Scan on all_data
+         Filter: ((role)::name = 'alice'::name)
+ Notice: This query is influenced by row level security feature
+(5 rows)</pre>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990908__p9325125517354"><a href="dws_06_0200.html">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0170.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0170.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0170.html
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE PROCEDURE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__sd8dcf1eac9684363902f724a5737b381"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__aac355ce958e14d8a889e15e22a1a5f48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b6505546133551">CREATE PROCEDURE</strong> creates a stored procedure.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__sb3c272c6b87c42a69164f86228d83208"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__ue8f1534aa92144828e5006ea21ab31cb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l964f3d68d79343ec895f266accae7521">The precision values (if any) of the parameters or return values of a stored procedure are not checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__li11400107183312">When creating a stored procedure, you are advised to display the specified schema for the operations on the table objects in the stored procedure definition. Otherwise, the stored procedure may fail to be executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__li155511718334"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706135345">current_schema</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706135347">search_path</strong> specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706135350">SET</strong> during stored procedure creation are invalid. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706135116">search_path</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706135121">current_schema</strong> before and after function execution should be the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l4f7128f9b74c4b9aa5caf13bb463ca23">If a stored procedure has output parameters, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b16314416586">SELECT</strong> statement uses the default values of the output parameters when calling the procedure. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b93159161786">CALL</strong> statement calls the stored procedure, it requires that the output parameter values are adapted to Oracle. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b1131515161086">CALL</strong> statement calls a non-overloaded function, output parameters must be specified. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b201146552915">CALL</strong> statement calls an overloaded PACKAGE function, it can use the default values of the output parameters. For details, see examples in <a href="dws_06_0229.html">CALL</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l962d21da5e7d4d0584b0cfb3868e28f5">A stored procedure with the PACKAGE attribute can use overloaded functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l9d980927e1984cd9a1818eea03ea116a">When you create a procedure, you cannot insert aggregate functions or other functions out of the average function.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__s1fe6d0f93c0f4460b97c2414bf6722e0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__s406f02107ea34794962476b1aeb9cde9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">procedure_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,...])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VOLATILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SHIPPABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">PACKAGE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LEAKPROOF</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CALLED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INVOKER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFINER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execution_cost</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result_rows</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">][</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">plsql_body</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__s7530e8160a454d469a1985efb6f5f030"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__uecfcbdcca0564bc6bc4aebab265063ee"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l10d04a708e44432c8552ce5ae19edc79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__ad43e5177aeda4628a1cd5ddd25c601cb">OR REPLACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__aa7b5db6826fb4cb2b492870e9a57f6e9">Replaces the original definition when two stored procedures are with the same name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__ld8389117085641808615b13f1a9db00e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a0061a350afb34835ae33cc49274399d1">procedure_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a618a27d6c2d648e488b84233937ff15c">Specifies the name of the stored procedure that is created (optionally with schema names).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a4ca43969b5e546b59f187997712226c2">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l7dc2a705b8484c5585b6fd66af58b22c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a21d08e7479ac410f98c95c942f53cd44">argmode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a5d44972e84d649f7b2836d6d25574319">Specifies the mode of an argument.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__n2040f1a1a91d43919bfb3baec9444bd1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a08982048baf14db4bba5f6b6f7687a09"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b96630325035939">VARIADIC</strong> specifies arguments of array types.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__afc99b8779ba5451bb5ab9c64e68a0001">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b205008405995236">IN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b160558392295236">OUT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b187041373495236">IN OUT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b49447607895236">INOUT</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b68946486595236">VARIADIC</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b52296831395231">IN</strong>. Only the argument of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b84235270683019">OUT</strong> mode can be followed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b84235270683025">VARIADIC</strong>. The parameters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706165619">OUT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706165622">INOUT</strong> cannot be used in procedure definition of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b842352706165614">RETURNS TABLE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l173f76a4b6d34a9e986d93e12e7a69b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__afbe11058d7224c5e9d01f641e3384800">argname</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a01c0da15ad6246489ea9d71c5331b987">Specifies the name of an argument.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a73cf3f4cfe7c4b5bb915c93441cfdff4">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__la8b02292ac114a269bafbb321445d485"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a223150ca06c247109e2459ed7cb87102">argtype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__af2e7eca27f984f109b8ff4bfb063348a">Specifies the type of a parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a0315cb5ff07648d0a81cd887b98d1a7b">Value range: A valid data type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__li11341145914213"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b11166135714114">IMMUTABLE, STABLE, ...</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p3616012216">Specifies a constraint. Parameters here are similar to those of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b1277584281210">CREATE FUNCTION</strong>. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0163.html">5.18.17.13-CREATE FUNCTION</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__l722215c788d043b9b4cb529c9f32e4b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__ad211f78b35d54c6b91a883f7ed76f012">plsql_body</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a2e59882866214e1483aa4835d8b576b7">Indicates the PL/SQL stored procedure body.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__n95706c955b064a6bb1a9c9b4587869d1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a4e2eaf842bd64d839214ff5de378ef6c">When you create a user, or perform other operations requiring password input in a stored procedure, the system catalog and csv log records the unencrypted password. Therefore, you are advised not to perform such operations in the stored procedure.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__nfc2a954fa1944b39bfc2cf378efcc2a5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a9eda787265a94331a3c9572bf2d58442">No specific order is applied to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b13189056133743">argument_name</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b51592647133743">argmode</strong>. The following order is advised: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b61680639133743">argument_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b18254842133743">argmode</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b30075858133743">argument_type</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__sbc9517e1ff2a46a5b565b67c162fffd2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p782593021615">Create a stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__screen198644258175"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prc_add</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param1</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'result is: '</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">to_char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param2</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p118240307160">Call the stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__screen170781561713"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prc_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p198241230101618">Create a stored procedure whose parameter type is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__b10904114515511">VARIADIC</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__screen133523481720"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_variadic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">var1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello!'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">var4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARIADIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int4</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">var1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p14824130101613">Execute the stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__screen331695041610"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pro_variadic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">var1</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARIADIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">var4</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p19824430191614">Create a stored procedure with the PACKAGE attribute.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__screen195291340151616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">package</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">declare</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">col_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'122'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'two varchar parameters '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__p182363021615"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__sa8729ef2a8e74432841e1f57ea16d088"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510729__a21614f005bbc47c8898f79bcf88fc7ea"><a href="dws_06_0201.html">DROP PROCEDURE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0229.html">CALL</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__s481d5e7513234b5da5afa651779c4c88"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__abb80066efd654eb4a8f28df85ab6c4a8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b8423527069530">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</strong> creates a resource pool and specifies the Cgroup for the resource pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__s47b068168d224223acc0948471f3a6cf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a7561ac0e19b74338846c05b3f21499cc">As long as the current user has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b199711936132315">CREATE</strong> permission, it can create a resource pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__s0f52c8b36b4240238e05e06d9a23563f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__se66b72dbaf7d45058bae62f75cd43c72"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">MEM_PERCENT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;group_name&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ACTIVE_STATEMENTS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_DOP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MEMORY_LIMIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'memory_size'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io_limits</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">io_limits</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">io_priority</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'io_priority'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodegroup</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;nodegroupname&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_foreign</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__sa0dea321baa64f0ca14d1f272d44ecee"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__u40be18fafa8f4f9c8617e0453d7e25da"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__l68cb547c8df84296b2bd369b7214dccb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a5700896f341c4dee811dce1d51b0ef64">pool_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a2022419d96f848b7a5d1ac663f490427">Specifies the name of a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a5989c27a141b459ca16c24bc3156c3cc">The name of a resource pool cannot be same as that of an existing resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__abac1b328e3d7444cb291d0331fad36d6">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__lc43cf82afda445038544b8a86e9c658b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a39b387294f08436a867b76bc4732e4db">group_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__aabc05b71f918422486cd9d02b286f1f3">Specifies the name of a Cgroup.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__nc534b7df3baa42619c74b05383873caf"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ul979122603318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li1886010358333">You can use either double quotation marks ("") or single quotation mark ('') in the syntax when setting the name of a Cgroup.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ld6a8845d2ff9481889ef631d00d35205">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1296125013195">group_name</strong> is case-sensitive.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__l98539f45240a4ff5b7b80567bb8a22fd">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b84235270684931">group_name</strong> is not specified, the string "Medium" will be used by default in the syntax, indicating the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1433114217301">Medium</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under DefaultClass.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__lcdd8bdcbf88a40128b31f8d265e4c1a2">If an administrator specifies a Workload Cgroup under Class, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b65619398411">control_group</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b195711391244">class1:workload1</strong>, the resource pool will be associated with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b35743915411">workload1</strong> Cgroup under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b10585392416">class1</strong>. The level of Workload can also be specified. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b940111411169">control_group</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b840164111619">class1:workload1:1</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__l33642d68e4d04bb4a1dcd9948cd8a4fa">If a database user specifies the Timeshare string (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b649115255515">Rush</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1349313256511">High</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1649417251054">Medium</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b24953257516">Low</strong>) in the syntax, for example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b154968258513">control_group</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b74976251159">High</strong>, the resource pool will be associated with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b74981225256">High</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b174999252520">DefaultClass</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li780317301337">In multi-tenant scenarios, the Cgroup associated with a group resource pool is a Class Cgroup, and that associated with a service resource pool is a Workload Cgroup. Additionally, switching Cgroups between different resource pools is not allowed.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a545578a1bde6403488cc36b98616a763">Value range: a string. It must comply with the rule in the description, specifying an existing Cgroup.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__lb1fb689ae3a54cfbbcc1697a5f1ce653"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a3dbe63086cb341d2b39261b81a45ce57">stmt</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a238e1c5e3e274f47a7cfa063de4f9b43">Specifies the maximum number of statements that can be concurrently executed in a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ad4f096c8ce324dc6bfd6bd7a74b88ac9">Value range: Numeric data ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b8423527061107">-1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b84235270611014">INT_MAX</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__lbdfb48d627384760a61630278da2238a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a1edae48705a0452ab3cda40b52d708d8">dop</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a855815071ce9482a9b571eaa0b62e55d"> This is a reserved parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a6a5a17367c924d888d4f1618279f151f">Value range: Numeric data ranging from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__en-us_topic_0085032251_b84235270611029">1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__en-us_topic_0085032251_b84235270611034">INT_MAX</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__l7aa5973388d44dd3b56f587ec8e34e3f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a88c12335ff314953a1136b4b3a03b7df">memory_size</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a08a55a6d60ff41f7bfcee566e874f947">Specifies the maximum storage for a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a2aec4e1349fb4b90a4f56fdcffadc00f">Value range: a string, from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b84235270619652">1KB</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__en-us_topic_0085031664_en-us_topic_0058966010_b84235270619655">2047GB</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__l46d16bd1bc3d4f5095753c85d4c68c74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__aee4b20cb1cb84ac0933aa4ae1954a9a8">mem_percent</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a71f24ac774f341839dcba0c4d0d27b25">Specifies the proportion of available resource pool memory to the total memory or group user memory.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ad947ae4191fb43c9a97de2456ee5afcb">In multi-tenant scenarios, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b14824548119505">mem_percent</strong> of group users or service users ranges from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b84235270695053">1</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b84235270695058">100</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b8423527069514">20</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ac22ebc9dae164edc8fb75dcbaa9584bd">In common scenarios, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b7981174117529">mem_percent</strong> of common users ranges from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b17981204110527">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b79811841115212">100</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b3981184115527">0</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__note82872047173219"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p152876474329">When both of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b842352706104221">mem_percent</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b842352706104225">memory_limit</strong> are specified, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b842352706104248">mem_percent</strong> takes effect.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li45028228402"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1097215485411">io_limits</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p585765620415">Specifies the upper limit of IOPS in a resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p79461854124210">The IOPS is counted by ones for column storage and by 10 thousands for row storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li128883004311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b72702043134311">io_priority</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p174443322283">Specifies the I/O priority for jobs that consume many I/O resources. It takes effect when the I/O usage reaches 90%.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p7308859183115">There are three priorities: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b853218544137">Low</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b96411455111313">Medium</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1318815716139">High</strong>. If you do not want to control I/O resources, use the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b578212327138">None</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__note164718883318"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p1018031273317">The settings of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b842352706103729">io_limits</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b842352706103732">io_priority</strong> are valid only for complex jobs, such as batch import (using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1766944711351">INSERT INTO SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b16670154712359">COPY FROM</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1670947143517">CREATE TABLE AS</strong>), complex queries involving over 500 MB data on each DN, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b9671447193513">VACUUM FULL</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li17474132072010"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b783017447339">nodegroup</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p22612112213">Specifies the name of a logical cluster where the resource pool is. The logical cluster must already exist.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p31161811220">If the logical cluster name contains uppercase letters or special characters or begins with a digit, enclose the name with double quotation marks in SQL statements.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li7376152614288"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b723983822815">is_foreign</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p16920145014287">In logical cluster mode, lets the current resource pool to control the resources of common users that are not associated with the logical cluster specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b9314191314178">nodegroup</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__naa7c94df564c4e998000ec052b02221d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ul12538195564414"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li1538155518447"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b8495133618179">nodegroup</strong> must specify an existing logical cluster, and cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1962713872019">elastic_group</strong> or the default Node Group (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b06271184207">group_version1</strong>), which is generated during cluster installation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__li6538655184412">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b443695212174">is_foreign</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b141951025181">true</strong>, the resource pool cannot be associated with users. That is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b322412717189">CREATE USER...</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b13714331101815">RESOURCE POOL</strong> cannot be used to configure resource pools for users. The resource pool automatically checks whether the users are associated with its logical cluster. If they are not, they will be controlled by the resource pool when performing operations on DNs in the logical cluster.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__sf1feb5f34bb34a7bbd74b2463b563ac8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__a3fdbd6dd84aa49a79a75ced240567a7c">This example assumes that Cgroups have been created by users in advance. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p147421552111218">Create a default resource pool, and associate it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1486197135617">Medium</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under Workload under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b198672785611">DefaultClass</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__screen0192133431311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p13742125271219">Create a resource pool, and associate it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b10917181485610">High</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under Workload under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b18917121475617">DefaultClass</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__screen10666739141311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;High&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p1474275210129">Create a resource pool, and associate it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1085517182561">Low</strong> Timeshare Cgroup under Workload under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b28561118175619">class1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__screen19361114781320"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;class1:Low&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p974195251215">Create a resource pool, and associate it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b0397122225613">wg1</strong> Workload Cgroup under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1397112219563">class1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__screen66521252141312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;class1:wg1&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p3741205211124">Create a resource pool, and associate it with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b1859825195616">wg2</strong> Workload Cgroup under <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__b6859182516567">class1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__screen61887597132"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CONTROL_GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;class1:wg2:3&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__p1740352101219"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__sa345f6f5c62847a2b58ef7607308b25b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710871__ae566179eb07c4146b25fabbf0804c7ce"><a href="dws_06_0133.html">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</a>, <a href="dws_06_0202.html">DROP RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE ROLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sa6f913918a0c409e90c4cb0d1b89b106"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p2056614632416">Create a role.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p16494133862416">A role is an entity that has own database objects and permissions. In different environments, a role can be considered a user, a group, or both.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sc046ef9426504e6892b6cc948039074e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul1562316561251"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li5623145619251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b10854368339">CREATE ROLE</strong> adds a role to a database. The role does not have the login permission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li262318565259">Only the user who has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b519243816333">CREATE ROLE</strong> permission or a system administrator is allowed to create roles.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd767750dd37a4dd8ad2cf9fd6423e289"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__s37509314802a4116b8d3cf72525e768f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__adacacf3c55304067922ac7b930868b65">The syntax of role information configuration clause <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b2051204316332">option</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__s18301cac49884f299be83f5a537b372f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOSYSADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">AUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOAUDITADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOCREATEDB</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOUSEFT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCREATEROLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINHERIT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOLOGIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOREPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINDEPENDENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">VCADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOVCADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'respool'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'groupuser'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'tmpspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SPILL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spillspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic_cluster_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SYSID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">profile_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'authinfo'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">period</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa"></a><a name="sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__u7487cc87cff64bdc824b579d360b46b9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l3b56a900fb764791846102b8aec2b8b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a36a88c617efb42d8ab4da71e1f098d15">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a235f9a1068c6459d87a938a3f0d6892f">Role name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a780a83609a014e78a134d10685f3f4bb">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention. and can contain a maximum of 63 characters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l9c697479b1424f259d6122229643f327"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ac238ff79ddcb4905b22f84108f96eaf0">password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__af70d9cb3f254409f957f3a89f58b7c3b">Specifies the login password.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ac9b0549b9cc34b7cb15727442d9dc2e9">A password must:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__u8ac05cbd57c444a18122393278e4b96f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l8ff69750134c4923ac982bd19b9f132e">Contain at least eight characters. This is the default length.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l3e07b147ec75494bb5df1112267edce6">Differ from the user name or the user name spelled backwards.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l61f7b51a2cc842e9a35f9feb5e7ca5dd">Contains at least three of the following four character types: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters, including: ~!@#$%^&amp;*()-_=+\|[{}];:,&lt;.&gt;/?. If you use characters other than the four types, a warning is displayed, but you can still create the password.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a5a334a9a4e9840b7ade17fe87023af08">Value range: a string</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li148071938164319"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b188738232112">DISABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p990311347575">By default, you can change your password unless it is disabled. Use this parameter to disable the password of a user. After the password of a user is disabled, the password will be deleted from the system. The user can connect to the database only through external authentication, for example, IAM authentication, Kerberos authentication, or LDAP authentication. Only administrators can enable or disable a password. Common users cannot disable the password of an initial user. To enable a password, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b37789270342">ALTER USER</strong> and specify the password.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__la1159b3b373a4174bba7853f3ef2b3ae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a98194cd205ca43f99adc84ebfe88ee2a">ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__af68e12bdbcd04136b30c9065d39074ec">Determines the password stored in the system is encrypted or unencrypted. (If neither is specified, the password status is determined by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1265212323349">password_encryption_type</strong>.) According to product security requirements, the password must be stored encrypted. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0058966126_b84235270685459">UNENCRYPTED</strong> is forbidden in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__text593699087">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. If the presented password string is already in SHA256-encrypted format, then it is stored encrypted as-is, regardless of whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b5853145193418">ENCRYPTED</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b138543456346">UNENCRYPTED</strong> is specified (since the system cannot decrypt the specified encrypted password string). This allows reloading of encrypted passwords during dump/restore.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l469e5d2ab27242dc9b22a737ed74e1e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6aee8b27c38b417193b8ae99edd85a52">SYSADMIN | NOSYSADMIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a63e11cab1bd048dcad53c811ec85bed7">Determines whether a new role is a system administrator. Roles having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b680915317355">SYSADMIN</strong> attribute have the highest permission.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6bcc4681e24a494dab73d0a8a0684a1f">Value range: If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b117081259356">NOSYSADMIN</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l154ea91f79394da2a25e1da850b5ca8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a3e78c9fc9d964552a2981df15b3d94d1">AUDITADMIN | NOAUDITADMIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a1c00fd2ab14147f3974785c9778a5fd9">Determines whether a role has the audit and management attributes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a1e66b4b35ecb41438c4ed4ee1f08d80b">If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1123189103510">NOAUDITADMIN</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ldf290c7cd5df44baa09d4a52661770b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6ded5d100cf24343805b08b7ad071d15">CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__aae41effec27d411880cf27d9c91baa11">Defines a role's ability to create databases.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a27deb77a15454fd2b2a161542d08c25b">A new role does not have the permission to create databases.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ae794f4a6270b4b708a3ef815a7875906">Value range: If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b53186142355">NOCREATEDB</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l3424f839118c4c609df1c8ffbedf397c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_b980517192214">USEFT | NOUSEFT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p147541802212">Determines whether a new role can perform operations on foreign tables, such as creating, deleting, modifying, and reading/witting foreign tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p1875416014215">A new role does not have permissions for these operations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p97541101428">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b13652182233519">NOUSEFT</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l035cc39a123343d5bb8189cdad20fbaf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6eed77e247664af0bcf673e031d2fc7d">CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a5e409150d87140789294e4494f351c98">Determines whether a role will be permitted to create new roles (that is, execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b576742417352">CREATE ROLE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1776872418354">CREATE USER</strong>). A role with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b3761132613355">CREATEROLE</strong> permission can also modify and delete other roles.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ae55c6c4bd7c642a381884c914a453306">Value range: If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b8291142817356">NOCREATEROLE</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l92ecd8b00f60413db185943583e6456e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6e6de8c56bfd4551bb876a4c241054fc">INHERIT | NOINHERIT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__acce5329e9eaf4151999a0d61dcc5778d">Determines whether a role "inherits" the permissions of roles it is a member of. You are not advised to execute them.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__lc0f66a18869d4f669b3e4bbd16c44536"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a223b62e31d474820bafa2a267f2cc9e2">LOGIN | NOLOGIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a97e8136a10c84a819b8ed8f3d2aaa018">Determines whether a role is allowed to log in to a database. A role having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1682618395351">LOGIN</strong> attribute can be thought of as a user.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__aa9732e40eaeb40d3a877850c985df2d9">Value range: If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b6859144116359">NOLOGIN</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ldb900af2e8c2402b98c1a026fef58a20"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__aef8700eac76747c28896f8045b0192c3">REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ada2c8efc03ee4139a326b06c62d2eb8e">Determines whether a role is allowed to initiate streaming replication or put the system in and out of backup mode. A role having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1150594512354">REPLICATION</strong> attribute is a highly privileged role, and should only be used on roles used for replication.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a82ab0023b8d54c0ca30d45d3c53d7fa7">If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b6111134753516">NOREPLICATION</strong> is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li1895661719567"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b0959817105616">INDEPENDENT | NOINDEPENDENT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p11291024175718">Defines private, independent roles. For a role with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b846075073510">INDEPENDENT</strong> attribute, administrators' rights to control and access this role are separated. Specific rules are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul288816117715"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li1689014111379">Administrators have no rights to add, delete, query, modify, copy, or authorize the corresponding table objects without the authorization from the INDEPENDENT role.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li689518111878">Administrators have no rights to modify the inheritance relationship of the INDEPENDENT role without the authorization from this role.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li698510283212">Administrators have no rights to modify the owner of the table objects for the INDEPENDENT role.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li179032017131915">Administrators have no rights to delete the INDEPENDENT attribute of the INDEPENDENT role.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li289711111674">Administrators have no rights to change the database password of the INDEPENDENT role. The INDEPENDENT role must manage its own password, which cannot be reset if lost.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li3589174815216">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b834445420405">SYSADMIN</strong> attribute of a user cannot be changed to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b23501054124016">INDEPENDENT</strong> attribute.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li17112842104519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b187961830195119">VCADMIN | NOVCADMIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p202677618479">Defines the role of a logical cluster administrator. A logical cluster administrator has the following more permissions than common users:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul162518307491"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li4252030144919">Create, modify, and delete resource pools in the associated logical cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li173990316522">Grant the access permission for the associated logical cluster to other users or roles, or reclaim the access permission from those users or roles.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l6a1e4dc88c02458a989b4fda0c5123ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a9b9bd1a153824892ac748fd5e4af3e09">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a2b34dda5ffeb4f188bbe09767d0bd107">Indicates how many concurrent connections the role can make.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a9c283f4dbbad4dc4984386f4bff685ab">Value range: Integer, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b7464182474410">&gt;=-1</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b246982414410">-1</strong>, which means unlimited.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__note1582171075313"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p5821171045313">To ensure the proper running of a cluster, the minimum value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b13211526124419">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> is the number of CNs in the cluster, because when a cluster runs ANALYZE on a CN, other CNs will connect to the running CN for metadata synchronization. For example, if there are three CNs in the cluster, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b17301230134412">CONNECTION LIMIT</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b16306330144418">3</strong> or a greater value.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l9c284e63792042c399162c50cfc33f46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a44dc6e44004448ddbc4875642a0892ee">VALID BEGIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__abf85480b25d3412d8b860626ae69accc">Sets a date and time when the role's password becomes valid. If this clause is omitted, the password will be valid for all time.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l22446bea45244494b99f66d5ce909984"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a9e2fb245a260410b9643bbc8fe674d70">VALID UNTIL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__afde8eec8a98a43e4aa1b9a8ab967fe5e">Sets a date and time after which the role's password is no longer valid. If this clause is omitted, the password will be valid for all time.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__lf044b37c11464e178aa96812d80e3de9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a9df4bdfedc474974bdce21fd2c68dd69">RESOURCE POOL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a8028137e0c6e4136bc67774dcead3f80">Sets the name of resource pool used by the role, and the name belongs to the system catalog: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b166612398446">pg_resource_pool</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_li86679166437"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_b76681162439">USER GROUP 'groupuser'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__adeaa821b83454200836ba8452d1d651e">Creates a sub-user. For details, see "Resource Load Management &gt; Tenant Management &gt; User Level Management" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__i192748415812">Developer Guide</em>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l1502e99a6a1e473f9afd85fdb20073c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_b251814418468">PERM SPACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_p258211158456">Sets the storage space of the user permanent table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li772212397219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b20722183916210">TEMP SPACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p197229398215">Sets the storage space of the user temporary table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li125271141142112"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b652794112214">SPILL SPACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p6527104119211">Sets the operator disk flushing space of the user.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li141813215538"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1570044672713">NODE GROUP</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p19517338205413">Specifies the name of the logical cluster associated with a user. If the name contains uppercase characters or special characters, enclose the name with double quotation marks.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ld34ac5ef6dc9430fb51f1103d2282450"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a4548455a1fc4480dba682a0a8de2b950">IN ROLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a4adb21e1d55c48ae99f0bb5cc891bf90">Lists one or more existing roles whose permissions will be inherited by a new role. You are not advised to execute them.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l5005ac12a44d4f8b951448015ab73b42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__aea14f008e44445d49164322fb8b50565">IN GROUP</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a040fb5fa7b0a4c02b12a243c98a328a4">Indicates an obsolete spelling of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b0443818144511">IN ROLE</strong>. You are not advised to execute them.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l109243d395714892ac620502d727b32b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a6c743717bc49400c8cc89da298516eea">ROLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__af32923f7aa084a328eb580a14fed0097">Lists one or more existing roles which are automatically added as members of the new role.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__le9544711f87944449e4ee2d45a1d8970"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a2f18427eeed949339625ce4799c04365">ADMIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a48681bbbdc134ce3a60a2bab1036ad7b">Is similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b455042519457">ROLE</strong>. However, the roles after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b25559256453">ADMIN</strong> can grant rights of new roles to other roles.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ldb059f01f819477ea459d6d2df71e012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a97888be7eb5b4a7db496508871148ac7">USER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a60f0e43beb2c43da89c5242299f83834">Indicates an obsolete spelling of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b166491127134515">ROLE</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l517d9b19712943a281034b38a35a6072"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a55297d28da0f4e82bbf6acdfd82fd2e1">SYSID</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a7ef25e2375c54521bc214d3bf89b4636">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b17165142954516">SYSID</strong> clause is ignored.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l0f07b788b2f34feebcc5e86fa301dc7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ad998ef88e29d48ea856aca8de3b2c120">DEFAULT TABLESPACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__adf520511912f44cc93b77b677a34ef03">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b7611103074518">DEFAULT TABLESPACE</strong> clause is ignored.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__l3406c5c43ea3445a9fad511a6ec12d23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ae8355357cc934972896f0269f3cdc6a0">PROFILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ae012841f20594facbab7c646fd866eef">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b14267332104515">PROFILE</strong> clause is ignored.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__lfbaf6378a0284eed9b9a21656e380b82"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__en-us_topic_0059778189_b154772336228">PGUSER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__a88e98d09503f4a4e925af05c5e462400">This attribute is used to be compatible with open-source Postgres communication. An open-source Postgres client interface (Postgres 9.2.19 is recommended) can use a database user having this attribute to connect to the database.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__nfc7c356aef0049989103e7cfd4258cb9"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ad74a75c627b0445984d9853e4afb950a">This attribute only ensures compatibility with the connection process. Incompatibility caused by kernel differences between this product and Postgres cannot be solved using this attribute.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__aa2096cdb0658453a8c07b72e7f0d1ff9">Users having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b107083964513">PGUSER</strong> attribute are authenticated in a way different from other users. Error information reported by the open-source client may cause the attribute to be enumerated. Therefore, you are advised to use a client of this product. Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__s2361931054b74f89b5fffbd63a502bf5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normaluser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">does</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Postgres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">client</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tool</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pg</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">MPPDB04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">~&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">normaluser</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">psql</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">authentication</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">supported</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pguser</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">having</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">pg</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">MPPDB04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">~&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">psql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pguser</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">Password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pguser</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul132211032125015"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li593418461504"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b88632056202710">AUTHINFO 'authinfo'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p2093424695017">This attribute is used to specify the role authentication type. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1046101020466">authinfo</strong> is the description character string, which is case sensitive. Only the LDAP type is supported. Its description character string is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b18310101264617">ldap</strong>. LDAP authentication is an external authentication mode. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b689918131461">PASSWORD DISABLE</strong> must be specified.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__note1173418501247"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul181322115112"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li19260123151115">Additional information about LDAP authentication can be added to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b98151515184612">authinfo</strong>, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b15815215174612">fulluser</strong> in LDAP authentication, which is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b1381617150462">ldapprefix</strong>+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b7817215164618">username</strong>+<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b13817515134614">ldapsuffix</strong>. If the content of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b73051813469">authinfo</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b231121817461">ldap</strong>, the role authentication type is LDAP. In this case, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b203220182460">ldapprefix</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b153241874612">ldapsuffix</strong> information is provided by the corresponding record in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b733141811466">pg_hba.conf</strong> file.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li151322118119">When executing the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b19450192124619">ALTER ROLE</strong> command, users are not allowed to change the authentication type. Only LDAP users are allowed to modify LDAP attributes.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__ul56434016588"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__li9844852135819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b778610162820">PASSWORD EXPIRATOIN period</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p6845195210588">Number of days before the login password of the role expires. The user needs to change the password in time before the login password expires. If the login password expires, the user cannot log in to the system. In this case, the user needs to ask the administrator to set a new login password.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p28451852175815">Value range: an integer greater than or equal to -1. The default value is -1, indicating that the password does not expire. The value 0 indicates that the password expires immediately.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__s4530686b075e4de68e4172ddd7c51c51"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p1457325624618">Create a role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b38307372435848">manager</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__screen1834943412476"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p487004874815">Create a role with a validity from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2026.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__screen71461310131111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">miriam</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2015-01-01'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'2026-01-01'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p1987024884811">Create a role. The authentication type is LDAP. Other LDAP authentication information is provided by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b107017606035848">pg_hba.conf</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__screen13304224117"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ldap'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p98701848134811">Create a role. The authentication type is LDAP. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__b117192197235848">fulluser</strong> information for LDAP authentication is specified during the role creation. In this case, LDAP is case sensitive and must be enclosed in single quotation marks.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__screen851663751116"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ldapcn=role2,cn=user,dc=lework,dc=com'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__p88706488480">Create a role and set the validity period of the login password to 30 days.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__screen8444194919112"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sb241c1035e0c4772998db518a3dc2761"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__af1562382eeeb4b6c9ba6f0d1325dd73e"><a href="dws_06_0222.html">SET ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0203.html">DROP ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a>, <a href="dws_06_0253.html">REVOKE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0173.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0173.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE SCHEMA</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__s628a72e4ad6147cf9cc089febf125678"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__en-us_topic_0059777945_p549110246542"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b842352706173217">CREATE SCHEMA</strong> creates a schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a0ffd19c6ba5e4023bff33e70ba93367b">Named objects are accessed either by "qualifying" their names with the schema name as a prefix, or by setting a search path that includes the desired schema(s). When creating named objects, you can also use the schema name as a prefix.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__acfdefd1c708c4c1593590de6f8a742b7">Optionally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b32932289135258">CREATE SCHEMA</strong> can include sub-commands to create objects within the new schema. The sub-commands are treated essentially the same as separate commands issued after creating the schema, If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b842352706153719">AUTHORIZATION</strong> clause is used, all the created objects are owned by this user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__sd8a756b505184705a8897156f5eb52c1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__ul795312913276"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__li1695317294272">As long as the current user has the CREATE permission, the user can create a schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__li10953229182712">The owner of an object created by a system administrator in a schema with the same name as a common user is the common user, not the system administrator.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__s6d289579f18149c1a17ec06712dde98a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__ueb686891603d403480637aa0cf189f2c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__la0976fa1070d4c8b9088a4ed573350f2">Create a schema based on a specified name.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__sa863f654e9d44d4f9bbc808b7ee28222"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'space_limit'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">schema_element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__l191a2077497d462c88cfbcee6848037c">Create a schema based on a user name.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__s75304cfa12934b3b83df7cae6d5c8728"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'space_limit'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">schema_element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__s137c7d80e527499da3008e35aa5115aa"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__ub308d7ce1ea94a509a9fa185772ce356"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__lf6df67d8504e48428af0f53cf4ced03f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__af0784a43101c4e78b5083c98d58a40c0">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a2115acd4630e42e78f9032aef52c2541">Indicates the name of the schema to be created.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__n7c79f5a45287445cbd1241ff5145bad7"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a471e4e5e2d4e42a6b738af1592ed3076">The name must be unique, </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a8ade7e0c6bac43d38dc35989dfdc79f2">and cannot start with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b59010337174627">pg_</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a0bbc161a37a64d1ab6b735d0363eaa54">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention rule.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__l4676a2dbfd484819858b12ad8e546b30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a4d0fa29a8cb445c88aaf404f24740da7">AUTHORIZATION user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a724c2de5a7b34ea384d2b497c9ad0bd7">Indicates the name of the user who will own this schema. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__en-us_topic_0058966152_b16195942174627">schema_name</strong> is not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__en-us_topic_0058966152_b11545754174627">user_name</strong> will be used as the schema name. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__en-us_topic_0058966152_b36802925174627">user_name</strong> can only be a role name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a62ab8950e22041369b3b4329bab70fb1">Value range: An existing user name/role.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__li1566194263915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b86610421397">WITH PERM SPACE 'space_limit'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__p36612424397">Indicates the storage upper limit of the permanent table in the specified schema. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b57121655103217">space_limit</strong> is not specified, the space is not limited.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__p766114214399">Value range: A string consists of an integer and unit. The unit can be K/M/G/T/P currently. The unit of parsed value is K and cannot exceed the range that can be expressed in 64 bits, which is 1 KB to 9007199254740991 KB.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__lc1d779f3255e4b9cb81d8d0f7b549d7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a0976e211b7af4e9fad8c24d4ebb895a8">schema_element</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__acab2a4ed92e049a3b4f5f4494ba7d742">Indicates an SQL statement defining an object to be created within the schema. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b20811126174627">CREATE TABLE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b53082411174627">CREATE VIEW</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b7979658174627">CREATE INDEX</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b4708058174627">CREATE PARTITION</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b84235270620473">GRANT</strong> are accepted as clauses within <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b9622538174627">CREATE SCHEMA</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__a31a7e8559d684565ad276e5c3ef84714">Objects created by sub-commands are owned by the user specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b51142028174627">AUTHORIZATION</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__n9a9767ebd2724611b35932b1d8cf3ef5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__af946322ebcb441e8a11af77cc9fd97ee">If objects in the schema on the current search path are with the same name, specify the schemas different objects are in. You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b2388300813553">SHOW SEARCH_PATH</strong> command to check the schemas on the current search path.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__s5bf3a4d02e2d4bea92404b3442f9ffb8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__p024849145311">Create a schema named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b752932124150">role1</strong> for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b9456995264150">role1</strong> role. The owner of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b7296903414150">films</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b12715565454150">winners</strong> tables created by the clause is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__b6756184704150">role1</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__screen26935514532">CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION role1
+CREATE TABLE films (title text, release date, awards text[])      
+CREATE VIEW winners AS         
+SELECT title, release FROM films WHERE awards IS NOT NULL;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__sf5b9082b29dc4619be18df64147e273a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830912__ab9d043f673ca47ea82b9e1b144d08686"><a href="dws_06_0136.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a>, <a href="dws_06_0204.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0174.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0174.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0174.html
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE SEQUENCE</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960800"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sbf6e494f355248d8a5a4005609f0f4c3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__p88567147426"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b027872202911">CREATE SEQUENCE</strong> adds a sequence to the current database. The owner of a sequence is the user who creates the sequence.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s8b93599e33ae4cc985d49c504553df5b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__ul9174659182911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li14174105982910">A sequence is a special table that stores arithmetic sequence. Such a table is controlled by DBMS. It has no actual meaning and is usually used to generate unique identifiers for rows or tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li1817485922912">If a schema name is given, the sequence is created in the specified schema; otherwise, it is created in the current schema. The sequence name must be different from the names of other sequences, tables, indexes, views in the same schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li7174155912913">After the sequence is created, functions <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b136275311098">NEXTVAL()</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b12731659692">generate_series(1,N)</strong> insert data to the table. Make sure that the number of times for invoking <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1729851319105">NEXTVAL</strong> is greater than or equal to N+1. Otherwise, errors will be reported because the number of times for invoking the function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b20738241161017">generate_series()</strong> is N+1.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li157991627384">A sequence cannot be created in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b173818281103">template1</strong> database.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s056a0d3e3c494c3689f35de056ab8972"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s7ed71564220a42829382d012816c24fb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INCREMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">increment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MINVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">minvalue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MINVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOMINVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">maxvalue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOMAXVALUE</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cache</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CYCLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCYCLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s257b0c90b9d7413ba8530e8aba0a52d4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__u7b7857c9bf73405dbc9b4d3dfa208fc9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l93f12270bf1a41c2850fbf36c019a2b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a9f37ae09889b41d9930a3a6bd0e388a7">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__p9299178288">Specifies the name of a sequence to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__adc06c83b6076490ea7f238d16459bcde">Value range: The value can contain only lowercase letters, uppercase letters, special characters #_$, and digits.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l6a528c1b5d0f4181b16542ed6409e1e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__adb6aa450f7294082ac0b8d7d00bd2c6c">increment</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a4c00482cff1c495298268e1f879b3730">Specifies the step for a sequence. A positive generates an ascending sequence, and a negative generates a decreasing sequence.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p614152462810">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b159710052135653">1</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l23a80e6098d74ad3b90e8af6fe22d69a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__acb485af3197e471f816a1a7963baba35">MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE| NOMINVALUE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a766b2919646d4097af02152643d66219">Specifies the minimum value of a sequence. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706135624">MINVALUE</strong> is not declared, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706135640">NO MINVALUE</strong> is declared, the default value of the ascending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706135720">1</strong>, and that of the descending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706135753">-2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sup1502194170135748">63</sup>-1</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270619423">NOMINVALUE</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270619425">NO MINVALUE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l62a77a97275d4c4da0b57122df484cf1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a1f4f99ab00784cc5bf37cb148a0aadc8">MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE| NOMAXVALUE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p446510284309">Specifies the maximum value of a sequence. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b426917923">MAXVALUE</strong> is not declared or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1050316802">NO MAXVALUE</strong> is declared, the default value of the ascending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b105777606">2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sup534742802135837">63</sup>-1</strong>, and that of the descending sequence is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1116838865">-1</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706194235">NOMAXVALUE</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706194237">NO MAXVALUE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l9f4e7d11575e498484da11935fef7289"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_b39725374619">start</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p979016193462">Specifies the start value of the sequence. The default value for ascending sequences is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614014">minvalue</strong> and for descending sequences <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614038">maxvalue</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__l715b88a61b574d398c30e8c4dacca0b9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_b625174917531">cache</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a5ad4e7a6ec884d858d72dc1db8777876">Specifies the number of sequence numbers stored in the memory for quick access. Within a cache period, the CN does not request a sequence number from the GTM. Instead, the CN uses the sequence number that is locally applied for in advance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p48678338539">Default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614259">1</strong> indicates that one value can be generated each time.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__na13b9c7f1d3e4d27aeae66c81445b114"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__ul045611224913"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li6299181915493">It is not recommended that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614427">cache</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614431">maxvalue</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b84235270614438">minvalue</strong> be defined at the same time. The continuity of sequences cannot be ensured after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b98719198519">cache</strong> is defined because unacknowledged sequences may be generated, causing waste of sequence number segments.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__li1694573517406">You are advised not to set a large value for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1422311488531">cache</strong> (less than 100000000). Otherwise, it takes a long time to cache the sequence number (the first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b137108384569">NEXTVAL</strong> in each cache period). Set a proper value for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b132561956185512">cache</strong> based on services to ensure quick access without wasting sequence numbers.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_li13432076215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_b629919521575">CYCLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a1f73784205fb4f83aa4365c5fa08d368">Used to ensure that sequences can recycle after the number of sequences reaches <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706141020">maxvalue</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706141029">minvalue</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p157124516598">If you declare <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706143548">NO CYCLE</strong>, any invocation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706143616">nextval</strong> would return an error after the sequence reaches its maximum value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a4a06d021b0214b9396736bd8fded2829"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706143651">NOCYCLE</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706143654">NO CYCLE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a7041fa0174ad4254b5080c26037e9d9f">The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706141433">NO CYCLE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__adb49ca0d2a714e7ca0bd57e5cd4bafda">If the sequence is defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1475553613301">CYCLE</strong>, the sequence uniqueness cannot be ensured.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_li59111551536"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_b189111515311">OWNED BY</strong>-<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p33501231969">Associates a sequence with a specified column included in a table. In this way, the sequence will be deleted when you delete its associated field or the table where the field belongs. The associated table and sequence must be owned by the same user and in the same schema. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b647131523619">OWNED BY</strong> only establishes the association between a table column and the sequence. The sequence is not created for this column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p19630241866">If the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706141754">OWNED BY NONE</strong>, indicating that such association does not exist.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__note114471820913"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__p1644893525814">You are not advised to use the sequence created using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1666923402812">OWNED BY</strong> in other tables. If multiple tables need to share a sequence, the sequence must not belong to a specific table.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sdf283ce6b18045b08938f6eb51bb77c8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__a24b7672894d84879b47ee7c283987333">Create an ascending sequence named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b842352706101754">serial</strong>, which starts from 101:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sb550f83e8ead4ae5ab42f6ef0a5e7361"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p962620363812">Select the next number from the sequence:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__sabb7cd7c342c4cd0bb10181677649015"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'serial'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p74906671012">Select the next number from the sequence:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s072c27b703424c9593e7fa01cd4aa0a2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'serial'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nextval</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">---------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">102</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__aa5005d8e205246ac94347c785adb6eab">Create a sequence associated with the table:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s7734ccbbde9f42c9b6b542824ac9445e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                     </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">serial1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">101</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CACHE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__p14787124818211">Use SERIAL to create a serial table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__b1516183141514">serial_table</strong> for primary key auto-increment.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__screen135051750112718"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">serial_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">serial_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">serial_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__s7408f0450b9b4dc7948c069376053290"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830890__en-us_topic_0059778825_p749627459"><a href="dws_06_0205.html">DROP SEQUENCE</a>   <a href="dws_06_0137.html">ALTER SEQUENCE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0175.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0175.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE SERVER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__s13dd03a7672f48e7b6b166e1b5878d9a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__afe74fe1327a9423e88057f2e98721c8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__en-us_topic_0040045035_b84235270610495">CREATE SERVER</strong> creates an external server.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a586e5bb21d3f4cb6a1ea244e1a20fa23">An external server stores information of HDFS clusters, OBS servers, DLI connections, or other homogeneous clusters.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__sddfb0f7021694502a04176b91c861329"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__af175e8b9ed484c73a4732a14880ed4d9">By default, only the system administrator can create a foreign server. Otherwise, creating a server requires permissions on the foreign data wrapper being used. Use the following syntax to grant permissions:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__sa698a1e88de0493796c1bd78642eee7b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fdw_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__abb89eb60a1fc4c79bf73111006fa5550"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__en-us_topic_0040045035_b8423527068587">fdw_name</strong> is the name of the foreign data wrapper, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b842352706155832">username</strong> is the username of creating <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__en-us_topic_0040045035_b84235270685824">SERVER</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__sb82338cecdab40e29f911262aded4897"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__s2bfcfe317dee47ecb847b18714b38d7a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fdw_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' value '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__s861ab5a8fd1a4852ae40de714351356e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__u4375a87799584dd2ae6aeec2a46fe854"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l20789cbf328f4b5c8dfc419f78f4db4e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a5e83dc7de87a4015a99c3c585c8f2c90">server_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ae907d499d4aa4f7cbc2f184525c9ab52">Name of the foreign server to be created. The server name must be unique in a database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a4dd0efebe7e7465db6c5029928ede811">Value range: The length must be less than or equal to 63.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l6d1b6ec335bf495997d5f77a63224963"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a6540cb05d7174b3888605c7bcfd025df">FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a136bd4449263438381b4101c169f84ed">Specifies the name of the foreign data wrapper.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a2b47950e2c72499fa73236438f537d16">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270685852">fdw_name</strong> indicates the data wrapper created by the system in the initial phase of the database. Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270685943">fdw_name</strong> can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270685948">hdfs_fdw</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b5560627142415">dfs_fdw</strong> for the HDFS cluster, and can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b0353101792416">gc_fdw</strong> for other homogeneous clusters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l6e41ba91dbfe42398be29479a23230a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a57afb7823db042f9b68414b747173bf2">OPTIONS (  { option_name ' value '  }  [, ...] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__aea1103545a724f5ebd7185cf69f0da25">Specifies the parameters for the server. The detailed parameter description is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__u70dc747f3ff44bdb8456ae9cb9c0f0e6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__lcdcaa5c094c544dfbfb4b784eae1537c">address<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p165701729143210"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__lcdcaa5c094c544dfbfb4b784eae1537c"></a><a name="lcdcaa5c094c544dfbfb4b784eae1537c"></a>Specifies the IP address of the OBS service endpoint or HDFS cluster.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p299840163420">OBS: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b174681011173516">address</strong> is the endpoint of OBS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p68071341153214">HDFS: Specifies the IP address and port number of a NameNode (metadata node) in the HDFS cluster, or the IP address and port number of a CN in other homogeneous clusters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p102135203304">HDFS NameNodes are deployed in primary/secondary mode for HA. Add the addresses of the primary and secondary NameNodes to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b38581435123017">address</strong>. When accessing HDFS, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__text1985858039">GaussDB(DWS)</span> dynamically searches for the active NameNode.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__n2c3b7f5959f141bf8d43c9cfa44bb286"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p1062634193913"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b842352706142917">address option</strong> must exist.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p17821337133618">If the server type is DLI, the address is the OBS address stored on DLI.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l742de39c198c4ccca30e0e541e38f89b">hdfscfgpath<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ad6bf5244575648508d5af810a16851bc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l742de39c198c4ccca30e0e541e38f89b"></a><a name="l742de39c198c4ccca30e0e541e38f89b"></a>This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270610957">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270610100">HDFS</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p16761819175513">You can set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b175511439102120">hdfscfgpath</strong> parameter to specify the HDFS configuration file path. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__text241035006">GaussDB(DWS)</span> accesses the HDFS cluster based on the connection configuration mode and security mode specified in the HDFS configuration file stored in that path. If the HDFS cluster is connected in non-secure mode, data transmission encryption is not supported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p9657204492412">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b153754613521">address option</strong> is not specified, the address specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b112118342534">hdfscfgpath</strong> in the configuration file is used by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l847f0a51fe264453bcdaceaf1d1cff04">encrypt<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a179c4fefda5a49a891b3d27b8bfe6e54"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l847f0a51fe264453bcdaceaf1d1cff04"></a><a name="l847f0a51fe264453bcdaceaf1d1cff04"></a>Specifies whether data is encrypted. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b768030577101022">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b880004859101022">OBS</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b188431391007">off</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ab76f86be384b48e68c58e8f2a83dbf8e">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ub87aa64a2b454e4e81e84f51b6b9e2d9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l720a1406ebec4f3db687639223afc61f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b842352706101041">on</strong> indicates that data is encrypted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l2417e942e4984447b7b834e110f96f22"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1378122922101054">off</strong> indicates that data is not encrypted.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l2d663abccd1d4b3490e4c64c44a538d3">access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a589ca08b8d6f49f09a42812a8e586edc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l2d663abccd1d4b3490e4c64c44a538d3"></a><a name="l2d663abccd1d4b3490e4c64c44a538d3"></a>Specifies the access key (AK) (obtained by users from the OBS console) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its AK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b810521448">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1746317001">OBS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l37cde99d5be94fb180451c320ba3c500">secret_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ad4705a44096947f9807db36975cbb0c2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l37cde99d5be94fb180451c320ba3c500"></a><a name="l37cde99d5be94fb180451c320ba3c500"></a>Specifies the secret access key (SK) (obtained by users from the OBS console) used for the OBS access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its SK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1381745701">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b800415545">OBS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l89ee852ff8304d3bb8a71562f7c456c0">type<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__en-us_topic_0059778673_p34741157387"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l89ee852ff8304d3bb8a71562f7c456c0"></a><a name="l89ee852ff8304d3bb8a71562f7c456c0"></a>Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1689671341017">dfs_fdw</strong> connection type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a532854f8d9b94019bafd9820f1a17483">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__ubd4c6e5c4b204bcb887554d7f3d759b0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__l6623699fd9c649dbba4b3aa971925534"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b842352706101355">OBS</strong> indicates that OBS is connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__lf8a0431c660344da9c89f7e9b64701c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b84235270610147">HDFS</strong> indicates that HDFS is connected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li1921353332620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b259741690">DLI</strong> indicates that DLI is connected.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li42221130192714">dli_address<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p3453181672815"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li42221130192714"></a><a name="li42221130192714"></a>Specifies the endpoint of the DLI service. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1312191919212">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b931281914217">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li7283184952718">dli_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p695605054612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li7283184952718"></a><a name="li7283184952718"></a>Specifies the access key (AK) (obtained by users from the DLI console) used for the DLI access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its AK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b235015296216">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b3351122962114">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li203411759192713">dli_secret_access_key<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p91821055144612"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li203411759192713"></a><a name="li203411759192713"></a>Specifies the secret access key (SK) (obtained by users from the DLI console) used for the DLI access protocol. When you create a foreign table, its SK value is encrypted and saved to the metadata table of the database. This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1839174018216">type</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1239119403211">DLI</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li3786105112391">dbname<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p1778795110392"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li3786105112391"></a><a name="li3786105112391"></a>Specifies the database name of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li14191536114011">username<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p91920366401"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li14191536114011"></a><a name="li14191536114011"></a>Specifies the username of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li16426637184015">password<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p164274379404"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__li16426637184015"></a><a name="li16426637184015"></a>Specifies the user password of a remote cluster to be connected. This parameter is used for collaborative analysis.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__note638417431194"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p530161911813">When an on-premises cluster is migrated to the cloud, the password in the server configuration exported from the on-premises cluster is in ciphertext. The encryption and decryption keys of the on-premises cluster are different from those of the cloud cluster. Therefore, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b5418818174418">CREATE SERVER</strong> is executed on the cloud cluster, the execution fails and a decryption failure error is reported. In this case, you need to manually change the password in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b5921103419450">CREATE SERVER</strong> to a plaintext password.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__sfd3ea539f79540b2bdedddb211eb1ad5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__aace6b6ff3fb449acbd1853aeb5b6e639">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__en-us_topic_0058966073_b842352706909">hdfs_server</strong> server, in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__a9cdc19e8d2e94919b4a49671ae056f73">hdfs_fdw</strong> is the built-in foreign data wrapper.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__s46ba4a0f2be94d528ab22d3e30374d91"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HDFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.10.0.100:25000,10.10.0.101:25000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">hdfscfgpath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/opt/hadoop_client/HDFS/hadoop/etc/hadoop'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'HDFS'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__acfb12297e91f4fa2bcefd4694c2b47b5">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b374612092415">obs_server</strong> server, in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b4866923142413">dfs_fdw</strong> is the built-in foreign data wrapper.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__s59c7a176e6924e43b5a05152e1b8a251"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">secret_access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p201741055105315">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1358551813239">dli_server</strong> server, in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b1121117269235">dfs_fdw</strong> is the built-in foreign data wrapper.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__screen217485555315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dli_server</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DFS_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">secret_access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dli'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dli_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dli.xxx.xxx.com'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dli_access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dli_secret_access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'yyyyyyyyyyyyy'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p15567195164413">Create another server in the homogeneous cluster, where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__b58210918263">gc_fdw</strong> is the foreign data wrapper in the database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__screen11567205134412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">server_remote</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GC_FDW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'10.10.0.100:25000,10.10.0.101:25000'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'test'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'test'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxx'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p8214174373214">Helpful Links</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710619__p1529935518336"><a href="dws_06_0138.html">ALTER SERVER</a> <a href="dws_06_0206.html">DROP SERVER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE SYNONYM</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__sf337ecb5bde84580afed94be7bbf5fb9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p1479251195413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1531111214316">CREATE SYNONYM</strong> is used to create a synonym object. A synonym is an alias of a database object and is used to record the mapping between database object names. You can use synonyms to access associated database objects.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__section93413620440"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__ul10234635104412"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li158597016496">The user of a synonym should be its owner.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li2393131774711">If the schema name is specified, create a synonym in the specified schema. Otherwise create a synonym in the current schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li82251056114919">Database objects that can be accessed using synonyms include tables, views, functions, and stored procedures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li16827289513">To use synonyms, you must have the required permissions on associated objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li1643774675120">The following DML statements support synonyms: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b2045944519718">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1753013483710">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1132051774">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b6103145518716">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b2786135713715">EXPLAIN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b17584501984">CALL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li6548114401417">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b6664124016710">CREATE SYNONYM</strong> statement of an associated function or stored procedure cannot be used in a stored procedure. You are advised to use synonyms existing in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1228715301185">pg_synonym</strong> system catalog in the stored procedure.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__s432427bf362e4684b4559ac16cfcda57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__s18d476418c7748ada6302a1c75028d5d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">object_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__section1549681213574"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__ul849711245713"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li11885054185912"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b614481895914">synonym</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p836651861419">Name of a synonym which is created (optionally with schema names)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p967943011145">Value range: a string. It must comply with the identifier naming rules.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__li18542153412134"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1872512405564">object_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p571312461613">Name of an object that is associated (optionally with schema names)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p734282114167">Value range: a string. It must comply with the identifier naming rules.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__note82872047173219"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p152876474329"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b15102172114148">object_name</strong> can be the name of an object that does not exist.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__section1853433744413"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p19011538867">Create schema <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b4330601104021">ot</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen34377108915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p58991938669">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b11034366214021">ot.t1</strong> and its synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b5414937044021">t1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen125761017593"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p48997381620">Use synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b18952816764021">t1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen18597162517919"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ada'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'bob'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'cici'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p1898123812612">Create synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1377728774021">v1</strong> and its associated view <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b5450484594021">ot.v_t1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen666814321396"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p7898113813612">Use synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b4000398044021">v1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen55106382916"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p108983385614">Create overloaded function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b3680978684021">ot.add</strong> and its synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b20719159684021">add</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen44647485913"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">add</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p1889717381562">Use synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b19599397894021">add</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen27651257375"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p16897838569">Create stored procedure <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b1571928014021">ot.register</strong> and its synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b14497871314021">register</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen897315311472"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">varchar2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INVOKER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_name</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">register</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__p168961338868">Use synonym <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__b8952415084021">register</strong> to invoke the stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__screen107873537616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'mia'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__s7408f0450b9b4dc7948c069376053290"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670818__en-us_topic_0059778825_p749627459"><a href="dws_06_0140.html">ALTER SYNONYM</a>   <a href="dws_06_0207.html">DROP SYNONYM</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0177.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0177.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,1284 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__sf337ecb5bde84580afed94be7bbf5fb9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1479251195413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b261612541596">CREATE TABLE</strong> creates a table in the current database. The table will be owned by the user who created it.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s0c57396ef17642e9a39a88ab766472e1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u833942a091c642dba1f12f016ec573a6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le903af21ab1644e0b51a936ddbd4c996">For details about the data types supported by column-store tables, see <a href="dws_06_0024.html">Data Types Supported by Column-Store Tables</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l504f7aa1a84c4020b9b51a8bff923e10">It is recommended that the number of column-store and HDFS partitioned tables do not exceed 1000.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lce538d16b2d64c65ae8ca8377cec854e">The primary key constraint and unique constraint in the table must contain a distribution column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ld83425fa453940b8b1a64221980594cd">If an error occurs during table creation, after it is fixed, the system may fail to delete the empty disk files created before the last automatic clearance. This problem seldom occurs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le8ecab52de30457fbd82700c5935cf14">Column-store tables support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b13213192281711">PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY</strong> and table-level primary key and unique constraints, but do not support table-level foreign key constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l76076d8dd65d4bee88728948873de834">Only the NULL, NOT NULL, and DEFAULT constant values can be used as column-store table column constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li1650612339613">Whether column-store tables support a delta table is specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b16709154122318">enable_delta</strong> parameter. The threshold for storing data into a delta table is specified by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b147101754132315">deltarow_threshold</strong> parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li62418531059">Hot and cold tables support only partitioned column-store tables and depend on available OBS tablespaces.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li926141319599">Only the table-level and partition-level tablespaces of a hot or cold table can be set to general tablespaces.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s24f4eafc7fd349969c837eaaf863b260"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s8ca28ce519cb41439fb1df4c043e6e8b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GLOBAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compress_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">source_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">like_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRESERVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">groupname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u51eab43ce2b24d86b3e1d981e21fa644"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l4f184948a45942409141cdb1165b3d81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270610227">column_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s6e3304ced7c14e75bb0f63b2af33255f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u070f826fe6544b61872abf44e6512111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l072891e7e4844f89bf28ecb50eee1b74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706171324">compress_mode</strong> of a column is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s9c4ebbb1c85f409fac6f0b278c7f83b0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DELTA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PREFIX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NUMSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l5447f854591b42e1a0b28e890cf928d1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270610618">table_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__sf70e656023dc48a39b64c1b6433acc71"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">PARTIAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u147ed9cab742413da2c22e8026d659ec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l8cb55d220954403088edf67e4e32f784"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270610642">like_option</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s67c0d2d2f5a04e7ba423354a916bf185"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INCLUDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INDEXES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMMENTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RELOPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DROPCOLUMNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li04965417494"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069548">index_parameters</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s5d41cbc0c47d433397704f5f3f596bb4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__s1a0c1ce222bb46dfb68a016610aea3a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u4a81a0d707ae45068ea150166c1b249d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lf971c986fe2e4125be8a8f625f6affd5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a4ee5d12f41554c0a8148e84e32b06679">UNLOGGED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a80f651f260324dd4bf991e108fe3a63a">If this key word is specified, the created table is not a log table. Data written to unlogged tables is not written to the write-ahead log, which makes them considerably faster than ordinary tables. However, an unlogged table is automatically truncated after a crash or unclean shutdown, incurring data loss risks. The contents of an unlogged table are also not replicated to standby servers. Any indexes created on an unlogged table are not automatically logged as well.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aa033b20b81a042e9b41d306fa692ad2b">Usage scenario: Unlogged tables do not ensure safe data. Users can back up data before using unlogged tables; for example, users should back up the data before a system upgrade.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a2f1c759659684f7394c49bb0ca2b0412">Troubleshooting: If data is missing in the indexes of unlogged tables due to some unexpected operations such as an unclean shutdown, users should re-create the indexes with errors.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l40601c13ccdb4b5d85be38edd4f99676"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a89e3dc3abfac4c428089799d71037e02">GLOBAL | LOCAL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p151823164457">When creating a temporary table, you can specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b171092177012">GLOBAL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b366313191503">LOCAL</strong> keyword before <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b962711292005">TEMP</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b498619311205">TEMPORARY</strong>. Currently, the two keywords are used to be compatible with the SQL standard. <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__text1178310795">GaussDB(DWS)</span> will create a local temporary table regardless of whether <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1720519261114">GLOBAL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b189803274116">LOCAL</strong> is specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__la8c031f4e4834cb0a68578e03dfdc407"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ad29cbd42d25f431baea8a5372eb9688a">TEMPORARY | TEMP</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ade96caf3b58a440e9f1bc1815a7aa881">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706214543">TEMP</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706214547">TEMPORARY</strong> is specified, the created table is a temporary table. Temporary tables are automatically dropped at the end of a session, or optionally at the end of the current transaction. Therefore, apart from CN and other CN errors connected by the current session, you can still create and use temporary table in the current session. Temporary tables are created only in the current session. If a DDL statement involves operations on temporary tables, a DDL error will be generated. Therefore, you are not advised to perform operations on temporary tables in DDL statements. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069813">TEMP</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069818">TEMPORARY</strong>.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__n6e16cd1e50d04bedbca2c396dfc17987"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u4169b31d76e341d8bcf794eb1894a35c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lf03d0d8803e4428b9429afd47e61ca02">Temporary tables are visible to the current session through schema of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069832">pg_temp</strong> start. Users should not delete schema started with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069846">pg_temp</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069851">pg_toast_temp</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l08317ce8988e468486b25577e2c864ff">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706994">TEMPORARY</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b512478272214747">TEMP</strong> is not specified when you create a table and the schema of the specified table starts with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069915">pg_temp_</strong>, the table is created as a temporary table.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lc929efc9948741d3a177e98a1aefbbe4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac4c814ddf6754cd98d7ea10b7d3471f4">IF NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p11433154661415">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1575618231811">IF NOT EXISTS</strong> is specified, a table will be created if there is no table using the specified name. If there is already a table using the specified name, no error will be reported. A message will be displayed indicating that the table already exists, and the database will skip table creation.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lcacb45adeaab4dc690fff7670c8f1068"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__accc4048091f74784a4329b2cff3870a2">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a69479c547933434eb9ef0c547a2090dc">Specifies the name of the table to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p2293122101411">The table name can contain a maximum of 63 characters, including letters, digits, underscores (_), dollar signs ($), and number signs (#). It must start with a letter or underscore (_).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l9617e926aec24a75b2c2472789705e99"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a114c6e26ec294f52a3fd16a29bb91ae6">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a77a2b66dd4fa4e4099ffaa5c2233ffdb">Specifies the name of a column to be created in the new table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p231214106142">The column name can contain a maximum of 63 characters, including letters, digits, underscores (_), dollar signs ($), and number signs (#). It must start with a letter or underscore (_).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l34f1a566739c48b4be821481538f5b81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__abf296480d6a249bfb6cf296a54adef2a">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a2f57ce2d5cdb4c4d82556493aca949db">Specifies the data type of the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__leae9e2e4c3b24cbc840a63fac26967bf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__abb452499ba06468a92aee28041dc612b">compress_mode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a5c5138063921460d8f0c10e4836ac142">Specifies the compress option of the table, only available for row-store table. The option specifies the algorithm preferentially used by table columns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a1d9fc64d6a0c41129e29c2739c6cd491">Value range: DELTA, PREFIX, DICTIONARY, NUMSTR, NOCOMPRESS</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l8833e8a37d8847e6a084aaa436a4785a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a33d7e7f0a2f7440da6ad45191a997bc3">COLLATE collation</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a83a9b3e7f11c48a7b26c5b90ef24b278">Assigns a collation to the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If no collation is specified, the default collation is used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l9f8eff5559b14ec7a69c0966fd7ebeae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aac04cbe8532f40a4a75f915be05075d6">LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ade1c6728f97a42d69c2fd4e170dcb5d2">Specifies a table from which the new table automatically copies all column names, their data types, and their not-null constraints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__acbeb69fb11e142a79b4be1d441ba85b0">The new table and the source table are decoupled after creation is complete. Changes to the source table will not be applied to the new table, and it is not possible to include data of the new table in scans of the source table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a82dec42153404e0aa7bd8292fb41bad2">Columns and constraints copied by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b366873831783">LIKE</strong> are not merged with the same name. If the same name is specified explicitly or in another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b617509951783">LIKE</strong> clause, an error is reported.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u4ceb5f7c91f34aec96c9096ba1b9e166"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l8ec43792af1e4657821db87fa1ee418b">The default expressions are copied from the source table to the new table only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270622257">INCLUDING DEFAULTS</strong> is specified. The default behavior is to exclude default expressions, resulting in the copied columns in the new table having default values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b15257491783">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__la1710617a89e4f4facb17d14d7bd42ff">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270622331">CHECK</strong> constraints are copied from the source table to the new table only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b18927170822323">INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</strong> is specified. Other types of constraints are never copied to the new table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b49569357317">NOT NULL</strong> constraints are always copied to the new table. These rules also apply to column constraints and table constraints.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l168e3a37406543daaca47673b43bcb21">Any indexes on the source table will not be created on the new table, unless the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__en-us_topic_0058965796_b84235270611020">INCLUDING INDEXES</strong> clause is specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l7f54e2e77bfb4e84a46e60847e15a9e8">STORAGE settings for the copied column definitions are copied only if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270611028">INCLUDING STORAGE</strong> is specified. The default behavior is to exclude <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270611036">STORAGE</strong> settings.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l00432959a35c499cbb32921fbeb51566">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b27419559122947">INCLUDING COMMENTS</strong> is specified, comments for the copied columns, constraints, and indexes are copied. The default behavior is to exclude comments.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l78294dafebc644a399f057babb13af76">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b104051325174711">INCLUDING PARTITION</strong> is specified, the partition definitions of the source table are copied to the new table, and the new table no longer uses the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b740622513471">PARTITION BY</strong> clause. The default behavior is to exclude partition definition of the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l32a4becd0ee04c068bcc5dcf578071d6">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270611052">INCLUDING RELOPTIONS</strong> is specified, the storage parameter (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527061111">WITH</strong> clause of the source table) of the source table is copied to the new table. The default behavior is to exclude partition definition of the storage parameter of the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l5b63aefd78b048608255c5d45e1f2e59">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527061116">INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION</strong> is specified, the distribution information of the source table is copied to the new table, including distribution type and column, and the new table no longer use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270611111">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong> clause. The default behavior is to exclude distribution information of the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li640611365015">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b214210495552">INCLUDING DROPCOLUMNS</strong> is specified, the deleted column information in the source table is copied to the new table. By default, the deleted column information of the source table is not copied.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l10d4feca9efc478e8f8cdd64578db5ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270622158">INCLUDING ALL</strong> contains the meaning of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221511">INCLUDING DEFAULTS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221515">INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221518">INCLUDING INDEXES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221522">INCLUDING STORAGE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221524">INCLUDING COMMENTS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221528">INCLUDING PARTITION</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221530">INCLUDING RELOPTIONS</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b41672044105610">INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b171901013145718">INCLUDING DROPCOLUMNS</strong>. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li153101438375">If EXCLUDING is specified, the specified parameters are not included.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li37468519720">For an OBS hot or cold table, all partitions of the new table are local hot partitions after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b17657113413254">INCLUDING PARTITION</strong> is specified.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note114471820913"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ul1245114202012"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li645813202111">If the source table contains a sequence with the SERIAL, BIGSERIAL, or SMALLSERIAL data type, or a column in the source table is a sequence by default and the sequence is created for this table by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b17601996185">CREATE SEQUENCE...</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b76032129814">OWNED BY</strong>, these sequences will not be copied to the new table, and another sequence specific to the new table will be created. This is different from earlier versions. To share a sequence between the source table and new table, create a shared sequence (do not use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b164482944810">OWNED BY</strong>) and set a column in the source table to this sequence.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li112431992510">You are not advised to set a column in the source table to the sequence specific to another table especially when the table is distributed in specific Node Groups, because doing so may result in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b579816143587">CREATE TABLE ... LIKE</strong> execution failures. In addition, doing so may cause the sequence to become invalid in the source sequence because the sequence will also be deleted from the source table when it is deleted from the table that the sequence is specific to. To share a sequence among multiple tables, you are advised to create a shared sequence for them.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l4af34b084f7c4b1a96c37516810dc04d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a2761a7089649476bbf0299a61e9f23da">WITH ( { storage_parameter = value } [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac10e4ce413a0489b927941d4d9e1e18e">Specifies an optional storage parameter for a table or an index.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__nb4e9ac710039431c818878c9ef231cb5"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a3633deb081774802874582aa62fc0746">Using Numeric of any precision to define column, specifies precision p and scale s. When precision and scale are not specified, the input will be displayed.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aa2fd5d776c8845a8ad24a34d286c09c7">The description of parameters is as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u3170c562e94a492897636fbfcbcfb2b5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l24d1225dcddd4f08b059e91853936932">FILLFACTOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac011eb472f2141c6834cf6a606c3d299"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l24d1225dcddd4f08b059e91853936932"></a><a name="l24d1225dcddd4f08b059e91853936932"></a>The fillfactor of a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default value. When a smaller fillfactor is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b2270294916957">INSERT</strong> operations pack table pages only to the indicated percentage. The remaining space on each page is reserved for updating rows on that page. This gives <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b299995416957">UPDATE</strong> a chance to place the updated copy of a row on the same page, which is more efficient than placing it on a different page. For a table whose records are never updated, setting the fillfactor to 100 (complete packing) is the appropriate choice, but in heavily updated tables smaller fillfactors are appropriate. The parameter has no meaning for column-based tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a0a5934b8d9434bf489d67f14cc27868b">Value range: 10–100</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le578deaf72b64b2fba7c1ae284e30b15">ORIENTATION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a255bea141fad4ab3bd9d37c304c3a315"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le578deaf72b64b2fba7c1ae284e30b15"></a><a name="le578deaf72b64b2fba7c1ae284e30b15"></a>Specifies the storage mode (row-store, column-store) for table data. This parameter cannot be modified once it is set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a070516800fa944bfae754bd3a5e3ccc7">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ua9832dec6c604f25a00e3a52cac1d7d9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l2c49a5929a3b47a59a24f5c8baaca843"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221833">ROW</strong> indicates that table data is stored in rows.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a66f4ae52ca0d4df3aff0f52ed23f6c81"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221853">ROW</strong> applies to OLTP service, which has many interactive transactions. An interaction involves many columns in the table. Using ROW can improve the efficiency.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le28dcda0112348209ae14aa1b9a6a2ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b0608142420116">COLUMN</strong> indicates that the data is stored in columns.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a28561aef4f9f4a91897abd56177c3de9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b9230165919119">COLUMN</strong> applies to the data warehouse service, which has a large amount of aggregation computing, and involves a few column operations.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac8b51f82e0d849ba865ea4eb79b63afe">Default value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__en-us_topic_0059778169_p5280187812">If an ordinary tablespace is specified, the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706221958">ROW</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l770ea1d44c9f44bf8d17c8cb0a26bac6">COMPRESSION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac2dfb496dc8e4ce6a291fd888995f6e9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l770ea1d44c9f44bf8d17c8cb0a26bac6"></a><a name="l770ea1d44c9f44bf8d17c8cb0a26bac6"></a>Specifies the compression level of the table data. It determines the compression ratio and time. Generally, the higher the level of compression, the higher the ratio, the longer the time, and the lower the level of compression, the lower the ratio, the shorter the time. The actual compression ratio depends on the distribution characteristics of loading table data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ac519dc54e9f84c90b3c8cd208f43c883">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u0820aa03464941489c28f430d34d59bb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__la30fe993496a419bb6fd3ae352352719">The valid values for column-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b11212143744315">YES</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b17618738204312">NO</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b103841140134312">LOW</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1144654317433">MIDDLE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1846219458430">HIGH</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706112332">LOW</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li75224559420">The valid values for row-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b889015454566">YES</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b889054511565">NO</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b108904452560">NO</strong>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note141418320435"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ul39121945241"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li14578842123017">The row-store table compression function is not put into commercial use. To use this function, contact technical support.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p2810714202814"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__text621906510">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides the following compression algorithms:</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__table340453215226" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Compression algorithms for column-based storage</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__row7405123242212"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p19405232182210">COMPRESSION</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p740553213223">NUMERIC</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p9405232172213">STRING</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p640533242216">INT</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__row7406332162215"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p24060329223">LOW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p84061732142214">Delta compression + RLE compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p194066323225">LZ4 compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p740614326221">Delta compression (RLE is optional.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__row11406133217228"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p3406103242218">MIDDLE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1140683219229">Delta compression + RLE compression + LZ4 compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p640623292214">dict compression or LZ4 compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1340653292210">Delta compression or LZ4 compression (RLE is optional)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__row84061932202218"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p340673252211">HIGH</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p11407103214224">Delta compression + RLE compression + zlib compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="26%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p164071532152219">dict compression or zlib compression</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="28.000000000000004%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.11.5.3.5.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p340717323228">Delta compression or zlib compression (RLE is optional)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l677fdcd156914cc8bdaaa4713c333b34">COMPRESSLEVEL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a58c1b12b31464cfba45d9ce40aa51f4e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l677fdcd156914cc8bdaaa4713c333b34"></a><a name="l677fdcd156914cc8bdaaa4713c333b34"></a>Specifies the compression level of the table data. It determines the compression ratio and time. This divides a compression level into sublevels, providing you with more choices for compression rate and duration. As the value becomes greater, the compression rate becomes higher and duration longer at the same compression level. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a50ebabc106f1448c95d6b1c810e1aa48">Value range: 0 to 3. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706222127">0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lff6a2288b8ec472993acbcf2b2d7c984">MAX_BATCHROW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a55c284d6c0c843e0861506326473d715"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lff6a2288b8ec472993acbcf2b2d7c984"></a><a name="lff6a2288b8ec472993acbcf2b2d7c984"></a>Specifies the maximum of a storage unit during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p2062231913318">Value range: 10000 to 60000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p225821333112">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b55681387571">60000</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note1432744918168"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p33271549101617">When a column-store table is imported, the following error is reported: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b20476204775219">cu.cpp: 249: The parameter destMax is equal to zero or larger than the macro: SECUREC_STRING_MAX_LEN.</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1938145815174">If the error persists after the statement or sorting is adjusted, change the maximum number of records in a storage unit from 60,000 to 30,000 by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b67109317526">MAX_BATCHROW</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l09d7b9048bcd4612a7e3529d8597419f">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ad566fbb5176e467cbcaafdd158c25afc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l09d7b9048bcd4612a7e3529d8597419f"></a><a name="l09d7b9048bcd4612a7e3529d8597419f"></a>Specifies the number of records to be partial cluster stored during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a743957d47ee549909ca4d0ebc5fb5ed4">Value range: 600000 to 2147483647</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li2613194271216">enable_delta<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1761394219122"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li2613194271216"></a><a name="li2613194271216"></a>Specifies whether to enable delta tables in column-store tables. The parameter is only valid for column-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p561354210126">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b18489181710210">off</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l70caac449c624b2aafb1efe4b6ba69f7">DELTAROW_THRESHOLD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a405e51516cf94d89b2ecfe461f1cdfd8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l70caac449c624b2aafb1efe4b6ba69f7"></a><a name="l70caac449c624b2aafb1efe4b6ba69f7"></a>Specifies the upper limit of to-be-imported rows for triggering the data import to a delta table when data is to be imported to a column-store table. This parameter takes effect only if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b83454182414">enable_delta</strong> table parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b147114391302">on</strong>. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aad22c617d71142a991d7fc027213e78c">The value ranges from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706155358">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270615541">60000</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706155424">6000</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li650019179418">COLVERSION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p35006179418"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li650019179418"></a><a name="li650019179418"></a>Specifies the version of the column-store format. You can switch between different storage formats.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1850016171446">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1050014175413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b20944591851">1.0</strong>: Each column in a column-store table is stored in a separate file. The file name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b198832225512">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b66763253515">relfilenode.C2.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1787492815518">relfilenode.C3.0</strong>, or similar.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1250012171411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b10683155883413">2.0</strong>: All columns of a column-store table are combined and stored in a file. The file is named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b768315588341">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p19500917545">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1189815251612">2.0</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p135079255718">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1612615774010">COLVERSION</strong> can only be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b550718171406">2.0</strong> for OBS hot and cold tables.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note57078250414"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ul174617130283"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li16588173712521">For clusters of version 8.1.0, the default value of this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b98107038232250">1.0</strong>. For clusters of version 8.1.1 or later, the default value of this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b169945559532250">2.0</strong>. If the cluster version is upgraded from 8.1.0 to 8.1.1 or later, the default value of this parameter changes from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b172868404832250">1.0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b15153046832250">2.0</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li127315588417">When creating a column-store table, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b145770533432250">COLVERSION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b87163892532250">2.0</strong>. Compared with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b137594337032250">1.0</strong> storage format, the performance is significantly improved:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ol841331113513"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li184131211756">The time required for creating a column-store wide table is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li1741319111752">In the Roach data backup scenario, the backup time is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li341315113517">The build and catch up time is greatly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li114139111657">The occupied disk space decreases significantly.</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li5770191514236">COLD_TABLESPACE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p275481721516"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li5770191514236"></a><a name="li5770191514236"></a>Specifies the OBS tablespace for the cold partitions in a hot or cold table. This parameter is available only to partitioned column-store tables and cannot be modified. It must be used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b11871161725220">storage_policy</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p17754171718155">Valid value: a valid OBS tablespace name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li11865183915148">STORAGE_POLICY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p36028013147"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li11865183915148"></a><a name="li11865183915148"></a>Specifies the hot and cold partition switching policy. This parameter is supported only by hot and cold tables. This parameter must be used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b155301812102111">cold_tablespace</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p14975142661911">Value range: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i4508205716255">Cold and hot switchover policy name</em>:<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i116912602617">Cold and hot switchover threshold</em>. Currently, only LMT and HPN policies are supported. LMT indicates that the switchover is performed based on the last update time of partitions. HPN indicates the switchover is performed based on a fixed number of reserved hot partitions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ul131052057145418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li14140185517549"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1765010423324">LMT:[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i16285150173216">day</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1179204718326">]</strong>: Switch the hot partition data that is not updated in the last <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i139171042140">[day]</em> days to the OBS tablespace as cold partition data. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i1536346446">[day]</em> is an integer ranging from 0 to 36500, in days.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li614275513545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b163001733163414">HPN:[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i2700543143414">hot_partition_num</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1413918398345">]</strong>: [<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i1952716184353">hot_partition_num</em>] indicates the number of hot partitions (with data) to be retained. The rule is to find the maximum sequence ID of the partitions with data. The partitions without data whose sequence ID is greater than the maximum sequence ID are hot partitions, and [<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i146667718500">hot_partition_num</em>] partitions are retained as hot partitions in descending order according to the sequence ID. A partition whose sequence ID is smaller than the minimum sequence ID of the retained hot partition is a cold partition. During hot and cold partition switchover, data needs to be migrated to the OBS tablespace. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i18891829571">[hot_partition_num]</em> is an integer ranging from 0 to 1600.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note122379223317"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p7237822631">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) does not support cold and hot partition switchover.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li32608317479">SKIP_FPI_HINT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p185568515461"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li32608317479"></a><a name="li32608317479"></a>Indicates whether to skip the hint bits operation when the full-page writes (FPW) log needs to be written during sequential scanning.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p3172164012188">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b148535042512">false</strong><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note177211636121818"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1721193631819">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b19840172612259">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b25031630192510">true</strong> and the checkpoint operation is performed on a table, no Xlog will be generated when the table is sequentially scanned. This applies to intermediate tables that are queried less frequently, reducing the size of Xlogs and improving query performance.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l8778c2de5deb44879d6adc63997b804b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a4e0ed1cea7a94fb38f15fd9a17dde22f">ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aa82d8f22c5ce4ed9b7aec0e5a647a24c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270622221">ON COMMIT</strong> determines what to do when you commit a temporary table creation operation. The three options are as follows. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8423527069218">PRESERVE ROWS</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706114048">DELETE ROWS</strong> can be used.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__uf04036b9aecb4e38a9a87afa68f8f826"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lec0de098db28479b9d349b28aa654574"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270692117">PRESERVE ROWS</strong> (Default): No special action is taken at the ends of transactions. The temporary table and its table data are unchanged.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lb2a32fb7def94ffb85f1a4b4a8c7cbe5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270692128">DELETE ROWS</strong>: All rows in the temporary table will be deleted at the end of each transaction block.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lce25dabf4e1c44f19f1c4ef68ff57a66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270692134">DROP</strong>: The temporary table will be dropped at the end of the current transaction block.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l452d636623504de999b1861722855da0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a0ddcb239173b4ef088d9bb07443df05f">COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aba870fc5cf4b409a8a48c7d2976d16b9">If you specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270685040">COMPRESS</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706222332">CREATE TABLE</strong> statement, the compression feature is triggered in the case of a bulk <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b522675911783">INSERT</strong> operation. If this feature is enabled, a scan is performed for all tuple data within the page to generate a dictionary and then the tuple data is compressed and stored. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b6462771783">NOCOMPRESS</strong> is specified, the table is not compressed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ab61852391992405c930b2e42ca07d02a">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706163420">NOCOMPRESS</strong>, tuple data is not compressed before storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l1b1100015510493f95d6ef3eb261ea6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a44ff5ec06a60485dbe758a6c55a6d94f">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a19cb82952a8146468059d792e8610de8">Specifies how the table is distributed or replicated between DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aab03e894b1604b919ed18088065dbf8f">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u1d259cf19d074fda9764568b2a5d839d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l30d142a45e884e5cab2030dbd866588d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b629718321047">REPLICATION</strong>: Each row in the table exists on all DNs, that is, each DN has complete table data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l5371e22afc33433486d5e013fc7c916a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b729810325413">HASH (column_name)</strong>: Each row of the table will be placed into all the DNs based on the hash value of the specified column.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__n0b3a96f26491458aa9c897d57966df8c"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__uf95d23edb74a44a6aa030f93ccdbeb6c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l0e39717ab5dd4af592c7c669ab565dac">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b730893217410">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> is specified, the primary key and its unique index must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b123084322412">column_name</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l31a5501f79dd4645be7e6ce15068a67a">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b43100327418">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> in a referenced table is specified, the foreign key of the reference table must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b203101232244">column_name</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li6887450733">The hybrid data warehouse (standalone) has only one DN. Therefore, the distribution rule is ignored and cannot be modified.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aa850d714f13d40ef8bf95d0acf3cee4c">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270692240">HASH(column_name)</strong>, the key column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270692234">column_name</strong> (if any) or the column of distribution column supported by first data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a499f1b6b32834278baef663ac3e59f77"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1345912216933">column_name</strong> supports the following data types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u0974ab3372d54683aac5f18fc94527bc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lfc84cff8d7474242b5bdfbaaafb01408">Integer types: TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, and NUMERIC/DECIMAL</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le709c0262ecd481796b39b99e42e0d46">Character types: CHAR, BPCHAR, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and TEXT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l604a53f5503c43bd94dd41e92eb996be">Date/time types: DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMPTZ, INTERVAL, and SMALLDATETIME</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note11344125310577"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p581911512589">When you create a table, the choices of distribution keys and partition keys have major impact on SQL query performance. Therefore, choosing proper distribution column and partition key with strategies.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ul165341241165920"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li95391941195912">Selecting an Appropriate Distribution Column<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p355034125910"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li95391941195912"></a><a name="li95391941195912"></a>In the data distributed table using Hash, an appropriate distributed array should be used to distribute and store data on multiple DNs evenly, preventing data skew (uneven data distribution across several DNs). Determine the proper distribution column based on the following principles:<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ol196761081903"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li86761881012">Determine whether data is skewed.<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1523150301"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li86761881012"></a><a name="li86761881012"></a>Connect to the database and run the following statements to check the number of tuples on each DN: Replace <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i133101074917">tablename</em> with the actual name of the table to be analyzed.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen027304016"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__text338107017"></span><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b34220020016">SELECT a.count,b.node_name FROM (SELECT count(*) AS count,xc_node_id FROM</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__i14471501011">tablename</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1753170505">GROUP BY xc_node_id) a, pgxc_node b WHERE a.xc_node_id=b.node_id ORDER BY a.count DESC;</strong></pre>
+<p class="litext" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p357130904">If tuple numbers vary greatly (several times or tenfold) in each DN, a data skew occurs. Change the data distribution key based on the following principles:</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li10727210113">Run the ALTER TABLE statement to adjust the distribution column. The rules for selecting a distribution column are as follows:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p662318401315"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li10727210113"></a><a name="li10727210113"></a>The column value of the distribution column should be discrete so that data can be evenly distributed on each DN. For example, you are advised to select the primary key of a table as the distribution column, and the ID card number as the distribution column in a personnel information table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p185933181230">With the above principles met, you can select join conditions as distribution keys so that join tasks can be pushed down to DNs, reducing the amount of data transferred between the DNs.</p>
+</li></ol>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li202881859343">Selecting appropriate partition keys<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1731014598411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li202881859343"></a><a name="li202881859343"></a>In range partitioning, the table is partitioned into ranges defined by a key column or set of columns, with no overlap between the ranges of values assigned to different partitions. Each range has a dedicated partition for data storage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p3310145913413">Modify partition keys to make the query result stored in the same or least partitions (partition pruning). Obtaining consecutive I/O to improve the query performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p3310859042">In actual services, time is used to filter query objects. Therefore, you can use time as a partition key, and change the key value based on the total data volume and single data query volume.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l952d2eb00a7a47bbaa7a6eab40966b69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ae3a58cce858a4746a33e116011f28202">TO { GROUP groupname | NODE ( nodename [, ... ] ) }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a337dcd05ab1646748b2fc1e83c683295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b741414264256">TO GROUP</strong> specifies the Node Group in which the table is created. Currently, it cannot be used for HDFS tables. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706152947">TO NODE</strong> is used for internal scale-out tools.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l46786c0bcc524132bca8ab0b74952295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a2081b217eae24189b7d455b5dc28db22">CONSTRAINT constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a86f0e2090d1349a292dde96cf61b880e">Specifies a name for a column or table constraint. The optional constraint clauses specify constraints that new or updated rows must satisfy for an insert or update operation to succeed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a9431027fb104402da3f0f1ce9b3fbd06">There are two ways to define constraints:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u6c8f9d65434b4228813d5f953d724bf7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l69f9da027d804911b4ce17b7bfb2b245">A column constraint is defined as part of a column definition, and it is bound to a particular column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l203273641c2d4afea1f00e912eb4bd2b">A table constraint is not bound to any particular columns but can apply to more than one column.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l30d2b1740e0148bfb5f07e997f46ef1c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__af9431c6ac92a4982a9fa901e53f6421b">NOT NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aa3bb437f01a843d7ad643e881e8554db">Indicates that the column is not allowed to contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b87912263144857">NULL</strong> values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l88137e4d693a48a1a9c6289b75da0f30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a0351f2a212154d13a48788f2cc7b8b3d">NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ae2ce887f32fc409996a3c45909a044ad">The column is allowed to contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706104637">NULL</strong> values. This is the default setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ab08d5c26192b40b9ae89282ab63c646f">This clause is only provided for compatibility with non-standard SQL databases. You are advised not to use this clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l62ab5db2e605425ba1475dd7010404e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a445d552fe9ae4d1ea848bf15afd0ac5e">CHECK ( expression )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ae4bd05430ba64a65b7e09cedd26cda6c">Specifies an expression producing a Boolean result which new or updated rows must satisfy for an insert or update operation to succeed. Expressions evaluating to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270616515">TRUE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270616518">UNKNOWN</strong> succeed. If any row of an insert or update operation produces a FALSE result, an error exception is raised and the insert or update does not alter the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a105edc449f4247a68685d1758be67111">A check constraint specified as a column constraint should reference only the column's values, while an expression appearing in a table constraint can reference multiple columns.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__note354734852610"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p755211489268"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b14435145412214">&lt;&gt;NULL</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1243720541026">!=NULL</strong> are invalid in an expression. Change them to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b144741956221">IS NOT NULL</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l723523fcfe234f5d9744697a100a2d5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ae12044be71b94ca7bff594caad8bcc1b">DEFAULT default_expr</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a7e8fa85ca0d24fec803141c818493a08">Assigns a default data value for a column. The value can be any variable-free expressions (Subqueries and cross-references to other columns in the current table are not allowed). The data type of the default expression must match the data type of the column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a136aabf04ffe43678229512a34a07ad2">The default expression will be used in any insert operation that does not specify a value for the column. If there is no default value for a column, then the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706104725">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l3947318658d747c0b403f7087fd9a662"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a403ac85ea7d44ff095eb59aaf8819053">UNIQUE index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a470845db7cd14428bef79486a01d2295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a8b6f1b6dbf8d4418a46a9bd65997d3ac">UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aecada5190e5f468eaff4d903bea0f476">Specifies that a group of one or more columns of a table can contain only unique values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a6c5e538c0fed4378886b1628df00c1d9">For the purpose of a unique constraint, NULL is not considered equal.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__n5c787c39852f41ee98e8f9aec419aeb3"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a647bf5485229466f9085fe5db6f6ed2c">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b84235270610484">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong> is not specified, the column table that contains only unique values must contain distribution columns.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__l61a58f471c2a41178cea62e34b75609e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__aead44124bc5c4467b08efadb591637ac">PRIMARY KEY index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a139d3146dc50420b85805015313d97d0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ad33d94e660bd41ce88f2504f99a0ef7d">PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a9cbb2d707be14fe591db68ecec5e0786">Specifies the primary key constraint specifies that a column or columns of a table can contain only unique (non-duplicate) and non-null values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__af35e3b0d1eb8457b9fde40db514c6708">Only one primary key can be specified for a table.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__n18e8fd59d5ef457cbeec615f6f07d9fe"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a612f61a539c94ce4841136a1e1d194a6">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b18701033944">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong> is not specified, the column set with a primary key constraint must contain distributed columns.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ld504902f528d4b15b74d4e19a9e80627"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a955d98a5445a42f1a9fa5d6de093af02">DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a8933428d03e743088b176c549c43cfa0">Controls whether the constraint can be deferred. A constraint that is not deferrable will be checked immediately after every command. Checking of constraints that are deferrable can be postponed until the end of the transaction using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b60118629161614">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b37770752161614">NOT DEFERRABLE</strong> is the default value. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706165150">UNIQUE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b842352706165153">PRIMARY KEY</strong> constraints of row-store tables accept this clause. All the other constraints are not deferrable.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__li490420236428"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b194681910164">PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p2024122110254">Specifies a partial cluster key for storage. When importing data to a column-store table, you can perform local data sorting by specified columns (single or multiple).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__le49188cd0ea9445bb11c4ffba407db2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__abbad7cac0fba4d5184597e50e26b2d40">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__a23370860b6a340e982a08d6ede865ede">If a constraint is deferrable, this clause specifies the default time to check the constraint.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__u882f54932fb14e639393bdb51c8f54de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__lc2d668e5ba944b388e26f8ad78eb23d1">If the constraint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b44131592161921">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong> (default value), it is checked after each statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ld299e8bbef5a4cf18d9fe7a0be476c4b">If the constraint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b17889208161921">INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong>, it is checked only at the end of the transaction.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__ae2d1db393a0a4242b3665193edc024ab">The constraint check time can be altered using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b39739724161921">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__sef6ec3dbbd444574a4075d7da04ff7ed"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Using the LIKE Clause to Declare a Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p699915052220">The new table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b8905101471">films_bk</strong> automatically inherits all column names, data types, and non-null constraints from the source table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b17972331710">films</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen0697361195"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">films</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">code</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">title</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">did</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">date_prod</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">kind</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">len</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">minute</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">films_bk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">films</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section11381114542319"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table with Default Columns</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1818325712320">Specify that the default value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b163634155915">W_STATE</strong> column to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b16126131019590">GA</strong>. At the end of the transaction, check for duplicate values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b811810163598">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</strong> column.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen277192911227"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section981642142211"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table with a Filler Factor</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p11691170132620">Set the fill factor to 70%.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1809142192211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fillfactor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1080922118225">Alternatively, use the following syntax to create a table with its fillfactor set to 70%:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen7814421152216"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t4</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fillfactor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section10968191512222"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table Whose Data Is Not Written to WALs</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1794359201717">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b92691961159">UNLOGGED</strong> to specify that table data is not written to write-ahead logs (WALs).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen17968315172214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section25261651172116"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table Without Reporting Errors for Duplicate Tables (If Any)</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p10533104383512">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b2132797630">IF NOT EXISTS</strong> is specified, a table will be created if there is no table using the specified name. If there is already a table using the specified name, no error will be reported. A message will be displayed indicating that the table already exists, and the database will skip table creation.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen19525151162111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t6</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section1971171412110"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table with a Primary Key Constraint</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p71025197206">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b13125114871611">PRIMARY KEY</strong> to declare the primary key.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen87109145216"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1710191422115">Alternatively, use the following syntax to create a table with a primary key constraint:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen67114148213"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p3813225113817">Or use the following statement to specify the name of the constraint:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen8837165862013"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t9</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_CSTR_KEY1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section11978195113209"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table with a Compound Primary Key Constraint</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1597418252393">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b5408862230">PRIMARY KEY</strong> to declare two primary keys at the same time.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen997835182014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t10</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_CSTR_KEY2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section15798101518205"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Column-store Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p9263114614113">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1125164718234">ORIENTATION</strong> to specify the storage mode of table data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen879718155202"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t11</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section1318711104202"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Column-store Table Using Partial Clustered Storage</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p31371755164116">When data is imported to a column-store table, perform partial sorting based on the one or more columns specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b126902311253">PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen14187131012204"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t12</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">PARTIAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section5761115617195"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Column-store Table with Compression Enabled</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p897952584220">Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b592912142615">with</strong> clause to declare the compression level.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1176085617194"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t17</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">HIGH</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section123514517195"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Table with Compression Enabled</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p9746308468">When creating a table, specify the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b519914812268">COMPRESS</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen16351155181912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t13</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section15434415141916"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table that Checks Column Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p983616504532">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b199486022811">CONSTRAINT</strong> to declare a constraint.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen13431151591913"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t19</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen943211518191"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t20</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_CONSTR_KEY2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section765745772112"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Temporary Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p1316394764312">Specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b5943916172813">TEMP</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b926561916285">TEMPORARY</strong> keyword to create a temporary table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1165312577215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">warehouse_t14</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p146535579212">Create a temporary table in a transaction and specify that data of this table is deleted when the transaction is committed.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1965555718215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">warehouse_t15</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section10669171411810"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Row-store Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p11423143194415">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b15174194311283">ORIENTATION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b15940114342815">ROW</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen5536172733215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t16</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section7127255101813"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Column-store Table in a Specified Version</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p4196172733318">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1212183713018">COLVERSION</strong> to specify the version of the column storage format.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1612775517186"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t18</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COLVERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section1265510357185"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Column-store Table with the Delta Table Enabled</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p19523204564916">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1487916103311">enable_delta=on</strong> to enable the delta table in column-store tables.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen17652133520182"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t21</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE_DELTA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section1321619111810"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Table with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b10967249143314">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong> Enabled</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p12488493341">Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b195331823183416">with</strong> clause to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b937315256342">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1070725473418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t22</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SKIP_FPI_HINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section2060112287188"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating Hot and Cold Tables</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p11969145393814">Create an OBS tablespace that hot and cold tables depend on.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1459919284181"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs_location</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">filesystem</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs URL'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">secret_access_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'xxxxxxxx'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">encrypt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'on'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">storepath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/obs_bucket/obs_tablespace'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p8599132881816">Create a hot or cold table. Only column-store partitioned tables are supported.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen16601102871815"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t23</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cold_tablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;obs_location&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">storage_policy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'LMT:30'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">300000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">400000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">500000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">600000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">700000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section16921183494017"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating an Auto-increment Table That Uses UUID as the Primary Key</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p19211034174013">Set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1139913563387">W_UUID</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b156411173917">SMALLSERIAL</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen209215348402"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t24</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_UUID</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">SMALLSERIAL</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section5310151181913"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Creating a Table that Uses Hash Distribution</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__p4885955134516">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__b1715638144012">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong> to specify table distribution across nodes.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen1330611111190"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t25</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">W_CONSTR_KEY3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__section177018718195"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a Table with Each Row Stored in All DNs</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__screen167670741911"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t26</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_ID</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_NAME</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_NAME</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STREET_TYPE</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_SUITE_NUMBER</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_CITY</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTY</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_STATE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_ZIP</span><span class="w">                     </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_COUNTRY</span><span class="w">                 </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">W_GMT_OFFSET</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__sbd5006c0aa874ae59e4fa1608060e587"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990642__af68d50a68ca240b5b4b865f60da19c34"><a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TABLE AS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s0fdd420ded604c0f892a3500b3ce0302"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ada208b4fb1c04da083c9b7e55ee35aad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__en-us_topic_0058965980_b8423527068546">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> creates a table based on the results of a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a885cf628f17043e98990c62dd7650bb5">It creates a table and fills it with data obtained using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b84235270616469">SELECT</strong>. The table columns have the names and data types associated with the output columns of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b842352706164615">SELECT</strong>. Except that you can override the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b84235270684712">SELECT</strong> output column names by giving an explicit list of new column names.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a037f53fa7a8a4d93b21049f80f30304d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b842352706142327">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> queries once the source table and writes data in the new table. The query result view changes when the source table changes. In contrast, a view re-evaluates its defining <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b84235270684755">SELECT</strong> statement whenever it is queried.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s9b76e6b72cfb4e11a03d21f47baf83ac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u289f8cef9f9e4e2f938d9787e5be2888"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l8f081f495db44664b2ba51c5020e474a">This command cannot be used to create a partitioned table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l97d9900e382d41749d583775054e624b">If an error occurs when you create a table, after the system is recovered, the system probably cannot automatically clear the created disk file whose size is not 0. This problem seldom occurs.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s63ae91c2a3ea47fa85f3f0e835414bb7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s6ad049064f164b29bf9b6224342c36a4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s13565e705b8046dba585cf1a28f07d28"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u23c6b8a3f771432cabe3cd60ddba7bf2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l09667ea431d548c6b88d4195c7ea75d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__aaa24b266960d4b719a8c019ac041a86a">UNLOGGED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ae3dfe737159a42b2923e6c3ff3d74e7e">Specifies that the table is created as an unlogged table. Data written to unlogged tables is not written to the write-ahead log, which makes them considerably faster than ordinary tables. However, they are not crash-safe: an unlogged table is automatically truncated after a crash or unclean shutdown. The contents of an unlogged table are also not replicated to standby servers. Any indexes created on an unlogged table are automatically unlogged as well.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u2a21b80f1b23426aac1e391d55f19930"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l02abb25eb94f45aca730a0809a556139">Usage scenario: Unlogged tables do not ensure safe data. Users can back up data before using unlogged tables; for example, users should back up the data before a system upgrade.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ldea2f43810ee41bca7c9756f526942b2">Troubleshooting: If data is missing in the indexes of unlogged tables due to some unexpected operations such as an unclean shutdown, users should re-create the indexes with errors.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l357155c3fff3489985f4099e8f252d6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a7572f77ad9824d6cbb8e743a7474a1d9">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ab6fbbb0829ff4f6bbb2690ed22893f6e">Specifies the name of the table to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a0ac2b90bf5c94a8a8901899aecb3d5bb">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l89f3829dc48b4bcdb23948e84784fd7a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a19b113e3641f4dd984aa706f9d7bf24e">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ac44abe640ee543e498ffd95adaa2dd2b">Specifies the name of a column to be created in the new table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__aac1e7e9841e94a4db4a1d0eb8951ad49">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__lbc68ab36def34c64a8a75f2782e90c42"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__aecf64a1871f14b4d8c578b36d408b710">WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a3e74dd76f84b4f8f81bbfafbcb491d6e">Specifies an optional storage parameter for a table or an index. See details of parameters below.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ub9d872d3abbe45c7b1410c2d6380eb1d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l023ef61e2b83411aa540ad3a25288062">FILLFACTOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ae632bcf600514438bf1598bcf569b058"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l023ef61e2b83411aa540ad3a25288062"></a><a name="l023ef61e2b83411aa540ad3a25288062"></a>The fillfactor of a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default value. When a smaller fillfactor is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b2270294916957">INSERT</strong> operations pack table pages only to the indicated percentage. The remaining space on each page is reserved for updating rows on that page. This gives <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b19751610427">UPDATE</strong> a chance to place the updated copy of a row on the same page, which is more efficient than placing it on a different page. For a table whose records are never updated, setting the fillfactor to 100 (complete packing) is the appropriate choice, but in heavily updated tables smaller fillfactors are appropriate. The parameter is only valid for row–store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a339077a5434d4ae592ed257363204cf1">Value range: 10–100</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__le0f35b1781bf4dfba1ce7fbb80bc795d">ORIENTATION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a4407e6637dfc4a63b6ac157e2670305a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__le0f35b1781bf4dfba1ce7fbb80bc795d"></a><a name="le0f35b1781bf4dfba1ce7fbb80bc795d"></a>Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__abfcf9b40bd9643aa8255c3cbbfc67eb7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b842352706112126">COLUMN</strong>: The data will be stored in columns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a6b46e9d887d847258c0493f3e3d82a8f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b842352706112130">ROW</strong> (default value): The data will be stored in rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ld8823673377542889d7f27f7d4a7fe1d">COMPRESSION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a3038a29cb8354b31814bf44e1c8a344c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ld8823673377542889d7f27f7d4a7fe1d"></a><a name="ld8823673377542889d7f27f7d4a7fe1d"></a>Specifies the compression level of the table data. It determines the compression ratio and time. Generally, the higher the level of compression, the higher the ratio, the longer the time, and the lower the level of compression, the lower the ratio, the shorter the time. The actual compression ratio depends on the distribution characteristics of loading table data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a457a5f705047407ab0ea5b07697fdd1d">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a398993de667a4fa59d4e10b2058700e4">The valid values for column-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b323120311786">YES</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b823319312820">NO</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b723493111815">LOW</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b823513316818">MIDDLE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b62367311688">HIGH</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b8237163115814">LOW</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p77791346134319">The valid values for row-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b72368725819">YES</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b12361676584">NO</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b6236573580">NO</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__note141418320435"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p1214119311432">The row-store table compression function is not put into commercial use. To use this function, contact technical support engineers.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l38ce139667d04e5988d755bebddcf676">MAX_BATCHROW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a2e88d178c53e473ea3ac01ba760ddc7b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l38ce139667d04e5988d755bebddcf676"></a><a name="l38ce139667d04e5988d755bebddcf676"></a>Specifies the maximum of a storage unit during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p63961519934">Value range: 10000 to 60000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a06b1298ccd8d430cb501be80bb1da025">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b1082310221581">60000</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l086aa39d061947198ad34e4ef447eaf8">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a5d994e078d444272b4bf8886495472c6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l086aa39d061947198ad34e4ef447eaf8"></a><a name="l086aa39d061947198ad34e4ef447eaf8"></a>Specifies the number of records to be partial cluster stored during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ad4eabbd4cff64d3e8aa8ccf50da5814a">Value range: 600000 to 2147483647</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li2613194271216">enable_delta<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p1761394219122"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li2613194271216"></a><a name="li2613194271216"></a>Specifies whether to enable delta tables in column-store tables. The parameter is only valid for column-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p561354210126">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b2367164110016">off</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li5770191514236">COLVERSION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p782817211266"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li5770191514236"></a><a name="li5770191514236"></a>Specifies the version of the column-store format. You can switch between different storage formats.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p79372062319">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p14943416142312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b10445154515012">1.0</strong>: Each column in a column-store table is stored in a separate file. The file name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b4445174516019">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b12445114510014">relfilenode.C2.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b9446124520016">relfilenode.C3.0</strong>, or similar.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p746104214618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b9516850304">2.0</strong>: All columns of a column-store table are combined and stored in a file. The file is named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b1952119501908">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p11797193942314">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b11814231589">2.0</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__note324584962517"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p1566713589250">When creating a column-store table, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b13557195215016">COLVERSION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b8558195211014">2.0</strong>. Compared with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b65584521017">1.0</strong> storage format, the performance is significantly improved:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ol141291029152617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li113062920266">The time required for creating a column-store wide table is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li19427204142616">In the Roach data backup scenario, the backup time is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li2178947192613">The build and catch up time is greatly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li6836125342615">The occupied disk space decreases significantly.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li32608317479">SKIP_FPI_HINT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p185568515461"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__li32608317479"></a><a name="li32608317479"></a>Indicates whether to skip the hint bits operation when the full-page writes (FPW) log needs to be written during sequential scanning.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p3172164012188">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b323894912297">false</strong><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__note177211636121818"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p1721193631819">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b324795627114446">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b986379193114446">true</strong> and the checkpoint operation is performed on a table, no Xlog will be generated when the table is sequentially scanned. This applies to intermediate tables that are queried less frequently, reducing the size of Xlogs and improving query performance.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__lab9c9a17d8f0403f9d84426279f285f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ac0426422545d4983a8b3a96e3b045617">COMPRESS / NOCOMPRESS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__aba42e5b750af41a9859b91ff88aceb73">Specifies the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b84235270685040">COMPRESS</strong> during the creation of a table, so that the compression feature is triggered in the case of a bulk <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b522675911783">INSERT</strong> operation. If this feature is enabled, a scan is performed for all tuple data within the page to generate a dictionary and then the tuple data is compressed and stored. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b6462771783">NOCOMPRESS</strong> is specified, the table is not compressed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a9d96c907488a4495baf3054ff5fd0760">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b842352706163420">NOCOMPRESS</strong>, tuple data is not compressed before storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__lb588c7b037104d2ba6ff196e603ec881"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a164b946dce364d46b355d94a69630511">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a4eefbb5ac0754e6fa9aa3c632798b3e3">Specifies how the table is distributed or replicated between DNs.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u82055daa69a94860a072738092220fe2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__le4a3336dc41b4181bc900a1d9b5b67d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b3582827154111">REPLICATION</strong>: Each row in the table exists on all DNs, that is, each DN has complete table data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__la5b1c861b47c4cee8efcc05ff63c3a18"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b16583152754113">HASH (column_name)</strong>: Each row of the table will be placed into all the DNs based on the hash value of the specified column.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__n22e4f1c90ee24754ab6e29d2a074e000"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u4050c4411af74df7a10ef6929023b62d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__ladcedf396b1a4257a93fa36281ecf503">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b175871327134110">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> is specified, the primary key and its unique index must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b7587142711412">column_name</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l9fac9f3c26c64ec2bc9e9c9937e09706">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b15589172744112">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> in a referenced table is specified, the foreign key of the reference table must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b058911275411">column_name</strong> column.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a28a476b6598e437ba01f0f46bda3e0a1">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b8423527069111">HASH(column_name)</strong>, the key column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b8423527069117">column_name</strong> (if any) or the column of distribution column supported by first data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__adb3f5d667db549e4a8763a4083c8734b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b1345912216933">column_name</strong> supports the following data types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__u11e64392812a4e498ee044f93245b198"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l22b51a45e7ef4a0cbe75c7abe361f729">Integer types: TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, and NUMERIC/DECIMAL</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l8524f743ee2d4483b3426f0ba9d04039">Character types: CHAR, BPCHAR, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and TEXT</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__le26f93c68e2d4d9f80c94bf72186f468">Date/time types: DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMPTZ, INTERVAL, and SMALLDATETIME</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__l286a2d1b0c944787ab9cc667436e4354"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a2b7dfb2c940c4db78e7c42b2afe759eb">AS query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a47ee631a5bf0400ca6160aa14bf749dd">Indicates a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b20068529164441">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b46399033164441">VALUES</strong> command, or an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b14938113164441">EXECUTE</strong> command that runs a prepared <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b225290164441">SELECT</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b2027613164441">VALUES</strong> query.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__laf3b09d8584e4d1492e79ca0972083a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a79691f9f5301428ea4a772e6fbd69464">[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__aa99134cd66cd416aad68e926ae0554a8">Specifies whether the data produced by the query should be copied into the new table. By default, the data is copied. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b184341529165518">NO</strong> parameter is used, the data is not copied.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__sa565fe58bd814741b0980a000dfa388d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p59822177338">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b10540788335752">store_returns_t1</strong> table and insert numbers that are greater than 4795 in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b7531053935752">sr_item_sk</strong> column of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b38672670935752">store_returns</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__screen683201153818"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'4795'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__p9982191793312">-- Copy <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b195727830135752">store_returns</strong> to create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__b190759290135752">store_returns_t2</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__screen13521286385"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__s911fcc5b711541e08d0bf164004af913"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990902__a5b3c026b1ef245cab2ba7ee731e197bd"><a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TABLE PARTITION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__section1163224811518"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p66371482513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706225336">CREATE TABLE PARTITION</strong> creates a partitioned table. Partitioning refers to splitting what is logically one large table into smaller physical pieces based on specific schemes. The table based on the logic is called a partition cable, and a physical piece is called a partition. Data is stored on these smaller physical pieces, namely, partitions, instead of the larger logical partitioned table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p5641114815116">The common forms of partitioning include range partitioning, hash partitioning, list partitioning, and value partitioning. Currently, row-store and column-store tables support only range partitioning.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p7650174815515">In range partitioning, the table is partitioned into ranges defined by a key column or set of columns, with no overlap between the ranges of values assigned to different partitions. Each range has a dedicated partition for data storage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1748319710549">The partitioning policy for Range Partitioning refers to how data is inserted into partitions. Currently, range partitioning only allows the use of the range partitioning policy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p39869581530">Range partitioning policy: Data is mapped to a created partition based on the partition key value. If the data can be mapped to, it is inserted into the specific partition; if it cannot be mapped to, error messages are returned. This is the most commonly used partitioning policy.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p268514816512">Partitioning can provide several benefits:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul96878484515"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1568911481516">Query performance can be improved dramatically in certain situations, particularly when most of the heavily accessed rows of the table are in a single partition or a small number of partitions. Partitioning narrows the range of data search and improves data access efficiency.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li569454819513">When queries or updates access a large percentage of a single partition, performance can be improved by taking advantage of sequential scan of that partition instead of reads scattered across the whole table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1769844865113">Bulk loads and deletion can be performed by adding or removing partitions, if that requirement is planned into the partitioning design. It also entirely avoids the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b16340772163230">VACUUM</strong> overhead caused by a bulk <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b12849227163230">DELETE</strong> (only for range partitioning).</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sfecc7033187843d58f6d12f0002da82a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a2392aadbfa7d4ed88f3e3243589564ed">A partitioned table supports unique and primary key constraints. The constraint keys of these constraints contain all partition keys.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sbe3db6dabd9646de9b5550d539beaaf6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__scb0623f6a7d743e8aa138e6f9e74016b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_constraint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_constraint</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">source_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">like_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCOMPRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">groupname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_less_than_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_start_end_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u041d15bf946d405a9ce9fa269653ddee"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lc330295f74d8402cab06c58018857000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b096612495409">column_constraint</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__s73e9d2ecb9114fd58495eaac544bdcb2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CHECK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_parameters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l305e08407cd24b2fadae0f6135126b00"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b147791959194016">table_constraint</strong> is as follows:<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__s0f1b35a5ff7449b992c6c57719cd16cd">[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
+{ CHECK ( expression ) | 
+  UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | 
+  PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters}
+[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]</pre>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u8e24af20fe7a459fa85b2d8015a9862f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l330b03af01414ea38e4fd31c2e5dbdf3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b143191217134111">like_option</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__s048fdbc088d24c0f8105091118933c3c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INCLUDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUDING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INDEXES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMMENTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RELOPTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u0aa50f06e28b4ff0862ac7830afec957"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l29c8f05c933c46f9bed5eda5b7894f02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1234992919412">index_parameters</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__s62d8ee01070f4ec5bac73e5103ad2b3e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul44771433537"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1147714355320"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1270974884112">partition_less_than_item</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen176771922155511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li141301913105411"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1252554124115">partition_start_end_item</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen32911276569"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interval_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sf87fc97db0664b2ab9ee9b85e334871f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__uf44688cfdccd4b288667f2db3af59b4e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ldd6a7e944b3246f88bc3678ff0aa11b8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ab503d69d59234cbf899df9ba9ddc8eed">IF NOT EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a5731bac911db44a88d3664e71384c4e8">Does not throw an error if a table with the same name exists. A notice is issued in this case.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l99d4ee3649bc4310b894aa3a65003f39"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a7022bc974d854b3499dfaf952af480ae">partition_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a5180626fc48140daa481f28fe59a99dd">Name of the partitioned table</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__accbc53e336ce4b198a2703785c6e8a25">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l770fbbe4170c43c68b5fc41deef3dd87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a50aeeac752c04615964f8e9bc2151967">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aceae0736d53f4113a1baf1782bd7c730">Specifies the name of a column to be created in the new table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a26c800c552f0402d8a066595fdc288f1">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l35f40e56461545758dace29c9c70d3b1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a6613a5da43824323974b74fdc16515d1">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a0c625b49c1e247d1af6d26ffd5c97910">Specifies the data type of the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lf792484a8cff460fab36a1835500028a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a06e15096305247bdb8994a6b7207c91c">COLLATE  collation</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a6b519823d6e840d28d9b52b5718e5e43">Assigns a collation to the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If no collation is specified, the default collation is used.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p588042710362">The collatable types are char, varchar, text, nchar, and nvarchar.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lbba701ce399b4800b90674c9228deaf3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a33ce2813f56f45e8ad8a360d718bc741">CONSTRAINT constraint_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a148d7bf678b44308b0f97cdf54a2ae36">Specifies a name for a column or table constraint. The optional constraint clauses specify constraints that new or updated rows must satisfy for an insert or update operation to succeed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aaf6eb40d4c8e494395f23a71b71a739d">There are two ways to define constraints:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u3564faf231524c6f8d7dcd6182a86c39"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l7455b5a21def45da86128a292d3101c1">A column constraint is defined as part of a column definition, and it is bound to a particular column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l2612c6bc2bbb40dd843059bc45f67481">A table constraint is not bound to any particular columns but can apply to more than one column.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l1744674312974babb8b62d66a13075ea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a2f037699513a49419ffb4a7fda92d67b">LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a29e935d51f6b4ceeb4941a687034f095">Specifies a table from which the new table automatically copies all column names, their data types, and their not-null constraints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a75c76619fc2043c1a254f13154daf99d">Unlike <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__en-us_topic_0058965796_b455698401783">INHERITS</strong>, the new table and original table are decoupled after creation is complete. Changes to the original table will not be applied to the new table, and it is not possible to include data of the new table in scans of the original table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a3c55e60b80e849409dee5cb360a78e88">Default expressions for the copied column definitions will only be copied if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1695271783">INCLUDING DEFAULTS</strong> is specified. The default behavior is to exclude default expressions, resulting in the copied columns in the new table having default values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b15257491783">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a7c430b73026347d18986bf00dd438e4f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b11854163973019">NOT NULL</strong> constraints are always copied to the new table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706165324">CHECK</strong> constraints will only be copied if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706165329">INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS</strong> is specified; other types of constraints will never be copied. These rules also apply to column constraints and table constraints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a20cc85a5c7aa4035b317188e3dd0da61">Unlike <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b339025371783">INHERITS</strong>, columns and constraints copied by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b366873831783">LIKE</strong> are not merged with similarly named columns and constraints. If the same name is specified explicitly or in another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b617509951783">LIKE</strong> clause, an error is reported.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u21adfcc54c3a4d54825848208df25d69"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb04bea1702a845e8b60fbae870edf427">Any indexes on the source table will not be created on the new table, unless the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__en-us_topic_0058965796_b84235270611020">INCLUDING INDEXES</strong> clause is specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__la94bab2532da4250a0210737555be237">STORAGE settings for the copied column definitions will only be copied if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611028">INCLUDING STORAGE</strong> is specified. The default behavior is to exclude <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611036">STORAGE</strong> settings.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l16bcf17870bf4d0780819f9e510dd97a">Comments for the copied columns, constraints, and indexes will only be copied if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611044">INCLUDING COMMENTS</strong> is specified. The default behavior is to exclude comments.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l2ecb53212e584e0782ef6fb7b85f2e1d">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611052">INCLUDING RELOPTIONS</strong> is specified, the new table will copy the storage parameter (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8423527061111">WITH</strong> clause of the source table) of the source table. The default behavior is to exclude partition definition of the storage parameter of the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l5eeef40ef89245108aaed40e11006237">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8423527061116">INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION</strong> is specified, the new table will copy the distribution information of the source table, including distribution type and column, and the new table cannot use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611111">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong> clause. The default behavior is to exclude distribution information of the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__le8ff70e1a8034c88afa706e9e35d887b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611126">INCLUDING ALL</strong> is an abbreviated form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611136">INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING INDEXES INCLUDING STORAGE INCLUDING COMMENTS INCLUDING RELOPTIONS INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION.</strong></li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lae968f3c5791463494f3587601daebe7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a41ab1be34f5c45c084f5e70712036c1c">WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a11ce7ad3cfc044e58ed083870faa877e">Specifies an optional storage parameter for a table or an index. Optional parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u7a2158ee32d44f6c9d5bc0ca883379ba"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l0154a80909ef409e8b89306072ac66b0">FILLFACTOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a5ce0879c5828420bab78d20cb08f3bae"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l0154a80909ef409e8b89306072ac66b0"></a><a name="l0154a80909ef409e8b89306072ac66b0"></a>The fillfactor of a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default value. When a smaller fillfactor is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b2270294916957">INSERT</strong> operations pack table pages only to the indicated percentage. The remaining space on each page is reserved for updating rows on that page. This gives <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b9235230142311">UPDATE</strong> a chance to place the updated copy of a row on the same page, which is more efficient than placing it on a different page. For a table whose records are never updated, setting the fillfactor to 100 (complete packing) is the appropriate choice, but in heavily updated tables smaller fillfactors are appropriate. The parameter has no meaning for column-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a29b065e24bbc4d62b40255adfdcdcd80">Value range: 10–100</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l1dc186de08f04179abf5445132a99745">ORIENTATION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a009ee5e011a34c62a041c639c0a83842"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l1dc186de08f04179abf5445132a99745"></a><a name="l1dc186de08f04179abf5445132a99745"></a>Determines the storage mode of the data in the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a71c6b6ed51ea41feaad0aba3c1d9eb42">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ub10e0c25753d4fd8a0c8393b294114be"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l73a7b9c8897a4abca15713d8a09a1db9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706112126">COLUMN</strong>: The data will be stored in columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l1bd37cd0368c4450bab41a0e1bed0029"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706112130">ROW</strong> (default value): The data will be stored in rows.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l4d1ed040d60a4d58a91802c0ce97fa69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__en-us_topic_0058965796_b842352706102754">ORC</strong>: The data of the table will be stored in ORC format (only HDFS table).<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__nf8b15ae6979a49b3a5969fbe6dd2bb79"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ad51295bc4ac845d4909cb672c96b9033"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__en-us_topic_0058965792_b8423527069143">orientation</strong> cannot be modified.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__le08cbebf64a646119ad1ff794400628f">COMPRESSION<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u1241a496bdd347b984ca2e49f1569249"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb6982dee00fe4f97b56bf493e9c53b7c">The valid values for column-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b16655111617186">YES</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b17656121611814">NO</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b166561116161817">LOW</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1565741681812">MIDDLE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b116575168185">HIGH</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1765816164185">LOW</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li4505171118442">The valid values for row-store tables are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b880383512581">YES</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14803113575815">NO</strong>, and the default is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b6803183585814">NO</strong>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__note141418320435"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1214119311432">The row-store table compression function is not put into commercial use. To use this function, contact technical support engineers.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ld6c4939c3ecd43408f4acb40d9261606">MAX_BATCHROW<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a823b7c5dd5d445e38e7b76b4d6ec2277"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ld6c4939c3ecd43408f4acb40d9261606"></a><a name="ld6c4939c3ecd43408f4acb40d9261606"></a>Specifies the maximum of a storage unit during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p19493628539">Value range: 10000 to 60000</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a72beb3576bd246d589b82401b02bb75b">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b189711246115810">60000</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb2b8ac6177cc4068ac0aa63ba0751f3e">PARTIAL_CLUSTER_ROWS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a6ec572bacf034ef9820afaf4b2271185"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb2b8ac6177cc4068ac0aa63ba0751f3e"></a><a name="lb2b8ac6177cc4068ac0aa63ba0751f3e"></a>Specifies the number of records to be partial cluster stored during data loading process. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a239d3bb8cc1a44b897f9aa1cc4c1a85c">Value range: The valid value is no less than 100000. The value is the multiple of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706105743">MAX_BATCHROW</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2613194271216">enable_delta<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1761394219122"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2613194271216"></a><a name="li2613194271216"></a>Specifies whether to enable delta tables in column-store tables. The parameter is only valid for column-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p561354210126">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8361559118">off</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb38fdf1afbf84910a7ec89d3d9ec225c">DELTAROW_THRESHOLD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a586b94005ef54a52b9e1dc931b6e2122"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb38fdf1afbf84910a7ec89d3d9ec225c"></a><a name="lb38fdf1afbf84910a7ec89d3d9ec225c"></a>A reserved parameter. The parameter is only valid for column-store table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a12f23c3ab168479898f1da1979b472c1">The value ranges from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b184075944932213">0</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b153534060432213">60000</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b130086924832213">6000</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li5770191514236">COLD_TABLECPACE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p12881238101213"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li5770191514236"></a><a name="li5770191514236"></a>Specifies the OBS tablespace for the cold partitions in a hot or cold table. This parameter is available only to partitioned column-store tables and cannot be modified. It must be used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b34394191566">storage_policy</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p9338171016131">Valid value: a valid OBS tablespace name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li11865183915148">STORAGE_POLICY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p36028013147"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li11865183915148"></a><a name="li11865183915148"></a>Specifies the rule for switching between hot and cold partitions. This parameter is used only for multi-temperature tables. It must be used together with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b32921727135613">cold_tablespace</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p14975142661911">Value range: <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i1872315358499">Cold and hot switchover policy name</em>:<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i1472483544914">Cold and hot switchover threshold</em>. Currently, only LMT and HPN policies are supported. LMT indicates that the switchover is performed based on the last update time of partitions. HPN indicates the switchover is performed based on a fixed number of reserved hot partitions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul131052057145418"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li14140185517549"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b12564838184910">LMT:[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i175641938154912">day</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b556453815499">]</strong>: Switch the hot partition data that is not updated in the last <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i6564638104915">[day]</em> days to the OBS tablespace as cold partition data. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i15475194004910">[day]</em> is an integer ranging from 0 to 36500, in days.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li614275513545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b10133104234911">HPN:[</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i17134194217497">hot_partition_num</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1134114224914">]</strong>: [<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i1613416423497">hot_partition_num</em>] indicates the number of hot partitions (with data) to be retained. The rule is to find the maximum sequence ID of the partitions with data. The partitions without data whose sequence ID is greater than the maximum sequence ID are hot partitions, and [<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i199500447498">hot_partition_num</em>] partitions are retained as hot partitions in descending order according to the sequence ID. A partition whose sequence ID is smaller than the minimum sequence ID of the retained hot partition is a cold partition. During hot and cold partition switchover, data needs to be migrated to the OBS tablespace. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i61225471498">[hot_partition_num]</em> is an integer ranging from 0 to 1600.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li13221173584810">COLVERSION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p32211935184811"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li13221173584810"></a><a name="li13221173584810"></a>Specifies the version of the column-store format. Switching between different storage formats is supported. However, the storage format of a partitioned table cannot be switched.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p0221183544810">Valid value:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1922183514480"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b49461492215">1.0</strong>: Each column in a column-store table is stored in a separate file. The file name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1995115913217">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b89514912218">relfilenode.C2.0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1595212911215">relfilenode.C3.0</strong>, or similar.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p722103584820"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b786720101124">2.0</strong>: All columns of a column-store table are combined and stored in a file. The file is named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b886712101124">relfilenode.C1.0</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p42212356480">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b5306411581">2.0</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p98431421191520">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b19486172444">COLVERSION</strong> can only be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84861626417">2.0</strong> for OBS hot and cold tables.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__note324584962517"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1566713589250">When creating a column-store table, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1642517128218">COLVERSION</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b204271712325">2.0</strong>. Compared with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842716121828">1.0</strong> storage format, the performance is significantly improved:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ol141291029152617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li113062920266">The time required for creating a column-store wide table is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li19427204142616">In the Roach data backup scenario, the backup time is significantly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2178947192613">The build and catch up time is greatly reduced.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li6836125342615">The occupied disk space decreases significantly.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li32608317479">SKIP_FPI_HINT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p185568515461"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li32608317479"></a><a name="li32608317479"></a>Indicates whether to skip the hint bits operation when the full-page writes (FPW) log needs to be written during sequential scanning.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p3172164012188">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b452813973315">false</strong><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__note177211636121818"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1721193631819">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b892637593403">SKIP_FPI_HINT</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b356262573403">true</strong> and the checkpoint operation is performed on a table, no Xlog will be generated when the table is sequentially scanned. This applies to intermediate tables that are queried less frequently, reducing the size of Xlogs and improving query performance.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lf5978aa4c4ef490d99c2de6c24206c5a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a05b73d9c0d9b44c1b6cb24e5cac8f777">COMPRESS / NOCOMPRESS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a9452532e9dec44ceb491fb616365b0b3">Specifies the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270685040">COMPRESS</strong> during the creation of a table, so that the compression feature is triggered in the case of a bulk <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b522675911783">INSERT</strong> operation. If this feature is enabled, a scan is performed for all tuple data within the page to generate a dictionary and then the tuple data is compressed and stored. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b6462771783">NOCOMPRESS</strong> is specified, the table is not compressed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__abd5ad0ffd8584c01a9e52a39a8d35993">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611315">NOCOMPRESS</strong>, tuple data is not compressed before storage.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb454cf40997349dcaa2173901b7a344c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a1ca1c42b3a534a05af9c61d710270cb1">TABLESPACE tablespace_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a413bac3fb1dd412ba8aac3e0688bed3f">Specifies the new table will be created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270691952">tablespace_name</strong> tablespace. If not specified, default tablespace is used. The OBS tablespace is not supported.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__laaafba88a91a4fce98ae39e8ac61d8d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a7eb1eaa973c54067b0acafa5c06cd2fd">DISTRIBUTE BY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ac20cea460c4e42a58fdb735d5be1ec0a">Specifies how the table is distributed or replicated between DNs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a29ee3cb593654b45ba67155ee17f3b67">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u30153d924bb04ddaaaddb9d66b60e198"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l2e86077944e74c73a4b134e794433bbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14899625194618">REPLICATION</strong>: Each row in the table exists on all DNs, that is, each DN has complete table data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__leaf9002978a646fdaa891b19706f53f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b9902122564617">HASH (column_name)</strong>: Each row of the table will be placed into all the DNs based on the hash value of the specified column.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__n8a490703ed39425da9cf3a5c4ff54a4a"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u53f84c4f46c34d1f9519413a6f38b28a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lcc8af4772df64fa286efea01f67edb78">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b99069255467">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> is specified, the primary key and its unique index must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b18906625134620">column_name</strong> column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l3609b7320d044174b13dec49a656a891">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b0907112510466">DISTRIBUTE BY HASH (column_name)</strong> in a referenced table is specified, the foreign key of the reference table must contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b89077252467">column_name</strong> column.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a43452c0d153448748b89859a7379bece">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8423527069111">HASH(column_name)</strong>, the key column of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8423527069117">column_name</strong> (if any) or the column of distribution column supported by first data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a0d3df276c7364b17900140b6c03260cf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1345912216933">column_name</strong> supports the following data types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ud7e4b15f92964a109bf3f8229ec9e49f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__leb348f99f98142038c838f2ea2a323c3">INTEGER TYPES: TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, NUMERIC/DECIMAL</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l0e4946b89e2b4accab0e5e543e5d9a15">CHARACTER TYPES: CHAR, BPCHAR, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l5b47b4fa366345abac58aaa17c4f28d6">DATA/TIME TYPES: DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMPTZ, INTERVAL, SMALLDATETIME</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l952d2eb00a7a47bbaa7a6eab40966b69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ae3a58cce858a4746a33e116011f28202">TO { GROUP groupname | NODE ( nodename [, ... ] ) }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a337dcd05ab1646748b2fc1e83c683295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706112750">TO GROUP</strong> specifies the Node Group in which the table is created. Currently, it cannot be used for HDFS tables. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706152947">TO NODE</strong> is used for internal scale-out tools.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb144da954d4c4ac58c1e9ae1391e59ac"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lb144da954d4c4ac58c1e9ae1391e59ac"></a><a name="lb144da954d4c4ac58c1e9ae1391e59ac"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__afeb1d13235b04b078f877e95294c5bcd">PARTITION BY RANGE(partition_key)</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aec7bd416e9c7435e91e2e6fafe9ad8bb">Creates a range partition. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1544008009">partition_key</strong> is the name of the partition key.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1850525435412">(1) Assume that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b184197331359">VALUES LESS THAN</strong> syntax is used.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__nd1e251905b0c4e69ae66a81508bd6d4b"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aef6fb9a8036e4f97ba09a70fba7f26b7">In this case, a maximum of four partition keys are supported.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ae1d8747b220b4d73aa11d61cf3de0907">Data types supported by the partition keys are as follows: SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, CHARACTER VARYING(n), VARCHAR(n), CHARACTER(n), CHAR(n), CHARACTER, CHAR, TEXT, NVARCHAR2, NAME, TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE], TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITH TIME ZONE], and DATE.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1832219614579">(2) Assume that the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14421729780">START END</strong> syntax is used.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__note155073594110"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p15081359115">In this case, only one partition key is supported.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p774418158575">Data types supported by the partition key are as follows: SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITHOUT TIME ZONE], TIMESTAMP[(p)] [WITH TIME ZONE], and DATE.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l2fec8317753e4507adf9ef9a04ef9c32"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a4f7123d9b7654ab8b48e7c7169e7a8c6">PARTITION partition_name VALUES LESS THAN ( { partition_value | MAXVALUE } )</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aff4d9c1d294b45709d2d428bb69bdaf3">Specifies the information of partitions. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611736">partition_name</strong> is the name of a range partition. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611933">partition_value</strong> is the upper limit of range partition, and the value depends on the type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706111011">partition_key</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b356952817739">MAXVALUE</strong> can specify the upper boundary of a range partition, and it is commonly used to specify the upper boundary of the last range partition.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__nb6a6b7b2806d4844b31b500c776a48a7"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul861645913157"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2616185941517">Upper boundaries must be specified for each partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li86168591159">The types of upper boundaries must be the same as those of partition keys.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1661675961516">In a partition list, partitions are arranged in ascending order of upper boundary values. Therefore, a partition with a certain upper boundary value is placed before another partition with a larger upper boundary value.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li154195449593">If a partition key consists of multiple columns, the columns are used for partitioning in sequence. The first column is preferred to be used for partitioning. If the values of the first columns are the same, the second column is used. The subsequent columns are used in the same manner.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2094151861116"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li2094151861116"></a><a name="li2094151861116"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b193040541211">PARTITION partition_name {START (partition_value) END (partition_value) EVERY (interval_value)</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b188831037785">} </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b13541171817599">| </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14548519572"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b69088450599">{START (partition_value) END (partition_value|MAXVALUE)} | {START(partition_value)} | </strong>{END (partition_value | MAXVALUE)</strong>}<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p5457183272811">Specifies partition definitions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul474222022918"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1934812914318"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b181541055151310">partition_name</strong>: name or name prefix of a range partition. It is the name prefix only in the following cases (assuming that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b21707287173">partition_name</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b33581930151710">p1</strong>):<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul2260440124111"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1162851102617">If START+END+EVERY is used, the names of partitions will be defined as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b35412924417">p1_1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b191331511144410">p1_2</strong>, and the like. For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b0811181594419">PARTITION p1 START(1) END(4) EVERY(1)</strong> is defined, the generated partitions are [1, 2), [2, 3), and [3, 4), and their names are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b10217335124410">p1_1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b109998366447">p1_2</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b2358163918447">p1_3</strong>. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b141474817445">p1</strong> is a name prefix.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li32049373337">If the defined statement is in the first place and has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1539451481618">START</strong> specified, the range (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b7725103019556">MINVALUE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b114914321554">START</strong>) will be automatically used as the first actual partition, and its name will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b119693564912">p1_0</strong>. The other partitions are then named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b98242058124919">p1_1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b169349117502">p1_2</strong>, and the like. For example, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b2756142412502">PARTITION p1 START(1), PARTITION p2 START(2)</strong> is defined, generated partitions are (MINVALUE, 1), [1, 2), and [2, MAXVALUE), and their names will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1140584945118">p1_0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1720295465111">p1_1</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b18593125218517">p2</strong>. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8301233521">p1</strong> is a name prefix and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1592112705215">p2</strong> is a partition name. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1871131713525">MINVALUE</strong> means the minimum value.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li57341353123113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b764919304525">partition_value</strong>: start point value or end point value of a range partition. The value depends on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b282125413524">partition_key</strong> and cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14553514535">MAXVALUE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li441355619353"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b17471113411540">interval_value</strong>: width of each partition for dividing the [<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b447113345549">START</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b164711834165410">END</strong>) range. It cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b124711334125414">MAXVALUE</strong>. If the value of (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b194711234175419">END</strong> – <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b184711834115410">START</strong>) divided by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b8471103465412">EVERY</strong> has a remainder, the width of only the last partition is less than the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b94711234195416">EVERY</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li19743172082915"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b11689125542715">MAXVALUE</strong>: maximum value. It is usually used to set the upper boundary for the last range partition.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__note1260511153100"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ol0606515131011"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li18608215101010">If the defined statement is in the first place and has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b91405356176">START</strong> specified, the range (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b47713183556">MINVALUE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b6460132005510">START</strong>) will be automatically used as the first actual partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li358021011157">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b14378761310">START END</strong> syntax must comply with the following rules:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul106578178151"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li16657181710159">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1599953318345">START</strong> (if any, same for the following situations) in each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b2201193811561">partition_start_end_item</strong> must be smaller than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1138874218347">END</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li971274618164">In two adjacent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b124517291577">partition_start_end_item</strong> statements, the value of the first <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b18561340163611">END</strong> must be equal to that of the second <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b246395214363">START</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li14736133618183">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b86351713376">EVERY</strong> in each <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1261933518588">partition_start_end_item</strong> must be a positive number (in ascending order) and must be smaller than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b12641133412373">END</strong> minus <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b716184293716">START</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li14536161519228">Each partition includes the start value (unless it is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b5935811729">MINVALUE</strong>) and excludes the end value. The format is as follows: [Start value, end value).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li11392115215301">Partitions created by the same <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b157071724124">partition_start_end_item</strong> belong to the same tablespace.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li943618157154">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b13438724114611">partition_name</strong> is a name prefix of a partition, the length must not exceed 57 bytes. If there are more than 57 bytes, the prefix will be automatically truncated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1770933882020">When creating or modifying a partitioned table, ensure that the total number of partitions in the table does not exceed the maximum value (32767).</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li6780164617498">In statements for creating partitioned tables, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b12347694715">START END</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1703411134716">LESS THAN</strong> cannot be used together.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li17731727132913">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b660818532913">START END</strong> syntax in a partitioned table creation SQL statement will be replaced with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b86058533920">VALUES LESS THAN</strong> syntax when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b16603353197">gs_dump</strong> is executed.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l1dc8211a4561436085df4044c91b7b4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a01f2a34d146c478489758224be37d84c">{ ENABLE | DISABLE } ROW MOVEMENT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a4a1007e961874e11a2079071a87ab446">Specifies the row movement switch.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aa550cd28513c4bcab9a6f49be7174420">If the tuple value is updated on the partition key during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1344862066144645">UPDATE</strong> action, the partition where the tuple is located is altered. Setting of this parameter enables error messages to be reported or movement of the tuple between partitions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a69bf8da7595344fdbc42318c71ee4ae8">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u54689144f2164218b95f08e5c8f0b5a7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__laea7d0ab449f48d99cabc52fb3030152"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b3652898517739">ENABLE</strong>: Row movement is enabled.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lcc75da93bd494ce79440d6b194543e6d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706111436">DISABLE</strong> (default value): Disable row movement.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u459698ec4b2541b6832c7a7c312aa110"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l5b76eb6a7ee04d7496c6c8a60561c166"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ae0d9f21849f545e69211fad4e90fe489">NOT NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a2343792cde554b9ba93284735524bd03">Indicates that the column is not allowed to contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b87912263144857">NULL</strong> values. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706104628">ENABLE</strong> can be omitted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l7e52c8db9f1146fc91fa17efc270062c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a390c01d8d360443492b26d47cca0814a">NULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a0602818224c44371bdc101a7a65d3565">Indicates that the column is allowed to contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706104637">NULL</strong> values. This is the default setting.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a707e5d64b32643f5a4c928fcae472560">This clause is only provided for compatibility with non-standard SQL databases. You are advised not to use this clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l48268d42d8044c2b843dff205997ee71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a72246a51a0d84e4780eefe3c3e0596b8">CHECK (condition) [ NO INHERIT ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aa9ecb43a8e8c41b1b625a1ae0f06113d">Specifies an expression producing a Boolean result which new or updated rows must satisfy for an insert or update operation to succeed. Expressions evaluating to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270616515">TRUE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270616518">UNKNOWN</strong> succeed. If any row of an insert or update operation produces a FALSE result, an error exception is raised and the insert or update does not alter the database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ad4bc18f9fb2d47be882c7a672732e842">A check constraint specified as a column constraint should reference only the column's values, while an expression appearing in a table constraint can reference multiple columns.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__acd7d6a97de6341248d7c275d96b03052">A constraint marked with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706165116">NO INHERIT</strong> will not propagate to child tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a388ccfa5f89c4ba68e7589f08236053e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1212234859">ENABLE</strong> can be omitted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l30ada03e0ac040e7945ab1ada46196cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__abe032586a55c4ca0bb3c2ead647fdef7">DEFAULT default_expr</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aa5041d9e5124471498d06110bd6b5700">Assigns a default data value for a column. The value can be any variable-free expressions (Subqueries and cross-references to other columns in the current table are not allowed). The data type of the default expression must match the data type of the column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a28dbc7b750294e7c8b1892a9bfbc92a9">The default expression will be used in any insert operation that does not specify a value for the column. If there is no default value for a column, then the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b842352706104725">NULL</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l007a45fe3d38404fa08f634408658645"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a452fc482047f4857b7e965fe4185d578">UNIQUE index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__aa913744db3c840949ba2daccd0e556ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a7287f10b6a484d48b06b5bf3e5595ad8">UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ac2c947c9f31f44ed94413ed76e8deafd">Specifies that a group of one or more columns of a table can contain only unique values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a4c450a2ea12c4835bf9a979fdfb45864">For the purpose of a unique constraint, NULL is not considered equal.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__na760fa813973483abb9a87fd25aebcf1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a5d1d33a7b73047d0a6abfc918d9de012">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270610484">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong> is not specified, the column table that contains only unique values must contain distribution columns.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l43b668280ae049ebaba65d1de233c322"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ae593d9ad241b4060aa8f411f53689f2f">PRIMARY KEY index_parameters</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a63b5c0814cda409da43f9fa438ac4f20"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ae8703d869167410d9cebbceb2d92c7d7">PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a358b62638d184e96a66bbfb117a71df0">Specifies the primary key constraint specifies that a column or columns of a table can contain only unique (non-duplicate) and non-null values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ad3566c3cca62439f8bb4089030f618e4">Only one primary key can be specified for a table.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__nabc1022131bd4802908fbdcaf72779e8"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a90f12df03cbe4df68bb36b4941d79bcf">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b642462654615">DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION</strong> is not specified, the column set with a primary key constraint must contain distributed columns.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lbea5503cc7684817857b116c6c064c17"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__af66d9732a85b42bab2fb67d6187b1d53">DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a51d1cf8fdafc44518eb1cf401d4e874b">Controls whether the constraint can be deferred. A constraint that is not deferrable will be checked immediately after every command. Checking of constraints that are deferrable can be postponed until the end of the transaction using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b60118629161614">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b37770752161614">NOT DEFERRABLE</strong> is the default value. Currently, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b16575126778">UNIQUE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b85752616714">PRIMARY KEY</strong> constraints of row-store tables accept this clause. All the other constraints are not deferrable.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l826e6498d4024fe58e076b3b99ec89ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__acea66a8e3fb54df08c48cd1aeb51ac21">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a825df556c65f4cfd8456d68ae02f200a">If a constraint is deferrable, this clause specifies the default time to check the constraint.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u516ad966b14e4af19737c2a5870da947"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__lecf8246141774966942e09779faee5a5">If the constraint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b44131592161921">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong> (default value), it is checked after each statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l5d3775494de944ad9ff304ec6daa0406">If the constraint is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b17889208161921">INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong>, it is checked only at the end of the transaction.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a40bedcf90658451a927d78f1f7859c3e">The constraint check time can be altered using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b39739724161921">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l435bb7382a124f6c8d8139e5aa18a57c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__a9ed4e78b953840a2af0b98306cf68ecc">USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ac60dd0376ce344458c3dceed5250b930">Allows selection of the tablespace in which the index associated with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b619215971783">UNIQUE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b204234691783">PRIMARY KEY</strong> constraint will be created. If not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b2431147154313">default_tablespace</strong> is consulted, or the default tablespace in the database if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b10432127134316">default_tablespace</strong> is empty. The OBS tablespace is not supported.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__s77407656b97f4cc6afb8b9812eb08056"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__u5be6b4510a2e4ea99f5a93c6747bc30e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l2870a676e17849fcb0e735bac0b2eb12">Example 1: Create a range-partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b7464744217"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__text5666211521">tpcds.</span>web_returns_p1</strong>. The table has eight partitions and the data type of their partition key is integer. The ranges of the partitions are: wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2450815, 2450815 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451179, 2451179 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451544, 2451544 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451910, 2451910 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2452275, 2452275 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2452640, 2452640 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2453005, and wr_returned_date_sk ≥ 2453005.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sb3c47b84bc7b45c3a99a6373d5c527f7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_TIME_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ITEM_SK</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CUSTOMER_SK</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_HDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_ADDR_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_CUSTOMER_SK</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_CDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_HDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_ADDR_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_WEB_PAGE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REASON_SK</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ORDER_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_QUANTITY</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_AMT</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_TAX</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_AMT_INC_TAX</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_FEE</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_SHIP_COST</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CASH</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REVERSED_CHARGE</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ACCOUNT_CREDIT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_NET_LOSS</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WR_ITEM_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2450815</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451179</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451544</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451910</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452275</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452640</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2453005</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__l29ebab7a71284914a2c86ab0c0db0ccd">Example 2: Create a range partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270610194"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__text122392371448">tpcds.</span>web_returns_p2</strong>. The table has eight partitions and the data type of their partition key is integer. The upper limit of the eighth partition is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b84235270611202">MAXVALUE</strong>.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ac9a1a6272f43499785afc78e4edcb48d">The ranges of the partitions are: wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2450815, 2450815 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451179, 2451179 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451544, 2451544 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2451910, 2451910 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2452275, 2452275 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2452640, 2452640 ≤ wr_returned_date_sk &lt; 2453005, and wr_returned_date_sk ≥ 2453005.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ad826dbbfd359430a8789eaaeee014804">Assume that <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i18271204951212">CN and DN data directory/pg_location/mount1/path1</em>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i248245819129">CN and DN data directory/pg_location/mount2/path2</em>, <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i156552751318">CN and DN data directory/pg_location/mount3/path3</em>, and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__i13365131691315">CN and DN data directory/pg_location/mount4/path4</em> are empty directories for which user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b166371894298">dwsadmin</strong> has read and write permissions.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sae0fa75cc58549c8be33b00652e54a25"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_TIME_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ITEM_SK</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CUSTOMER_SK</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_HDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_ADDR_SK</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_CUSTOMER_SK</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_CDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_HDEMO_SK</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURNING_ADDR_SK</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_WEB_PAGE_SK</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REASON_SK</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ORDER_NUMBER</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">BIGINT</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_QUANTITY</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">                       </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_AMT</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_TAX</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_AMT_INC_TAX</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_FEE</span><span class="w">                    </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_RETURN_SHIP_COST</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REFUNDED_CASH</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_REVERSED_CHARGE</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_ACCOUNT_CREDIT</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                  </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">WR_NET_LOSS</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">DECIMAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WR_ITEM_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WR_RETURNED_DATE_SK</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2450815</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451179</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451544</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2451910</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452275</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2452640</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2453005</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul10330161105013"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li64742145514">Example 3: Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b0842141317533">START END</strong> to create and modify a range partitioned table.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1611342155512">Assume that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b129295263311">/home/</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1392917293315"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b192972163312">dbadmin</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1293013243318">/startend_tbs1</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1593010293315">/home/</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b5930192133314"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b89308253310">dbadmin</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1793111253311">/startend_tbs2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b149311203312">/home/</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1931929339"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b15931728337">dbadmin</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b119324253311">/startend_tbs3</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b109321424334">/home/</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b1593214216333"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b99328216331">dbadmin</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b69338243317">/startend_tbs4</strong> are empty directories that user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b9933172193320"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b0933725336">dbadmin</strong> has read and write permissions for.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen1490111614380"></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p1718035783715">Create a partitioned table with the partition key of type integer.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen431012382381"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ENABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MOVEMENT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p18691515114815">View the information of the partitioned table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen15792194518393"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boundaries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">parentid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'tpcds.startend_pt'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boundaries</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_0</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_2</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">401</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_3</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">601</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_4</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">801</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_5</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">3000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p5_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p5_2</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen762501311536"></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p15177135715375">Import data and check the data volume in the partition.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen11749164965215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GENERATE_SERIES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4999</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GENERATE_SERIES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4999</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="mi">500</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p141871248193810">View the information of the partitioned table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen1991435783812"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boundaries</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">parentid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'tpcds.startend_pt'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">regclass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boundaries</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_0</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_2</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">401</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_3</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">601</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_4</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">801</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1_5</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">2500</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">3000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p5_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p6_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">5300</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p6_2</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">5600</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p6_3</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">5900</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p71</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">6000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">q1_1</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4250</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">q1_2</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4500</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">q1_3</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">4750</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">q1_4</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startend_pt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li711916711147">Example 4: Create a partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b3908327135717">customer_address</strong> partitioned by month. The table has 13 partitions and the partition keys are dates.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p453713421195">Create a partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b513993185816">customer_address</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen110618551388"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_address_date</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ca_address_date</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200101'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200201'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202003</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200301'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200401'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202005</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200501'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202006</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200601'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202007</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200701'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202008</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200801'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202009</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20200901'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202010</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20201001'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202011</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20201101'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202012</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20201201'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p202013</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p15862174681618">Insert data:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen10909114812413"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'20200215'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'7'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'20200805'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'9'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'20201111'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'4'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'20201231'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p3863174614165">Query a partition:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen1350517511253"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p202009</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_address_date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------+---------------------</span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2020</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li19637816192012">Example 5: Create multiple partition syntax at a time using the START END syntax.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ul33671718192116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li1534775517211">Create a partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b587984317719">day_part</strong>. Each day is a partition, and the partition key is a date.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen1188712653813"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">day_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">d_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d_time</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2022-01-01'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2022-01-31'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">day_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pmax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">maxvalue</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li10346164516215">Create a partitioned table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b12810652473">week_part</strong>, seven days as a partition, and the partition key is a date.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen690153917383"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">week_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">w_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_time</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2021-01-01'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2022-01-01'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'7 day'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">week_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pmax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">maxvalue</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__li6407164912115">Create the partition table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__b75468553713">month_part</strong>, each month as a partition, and the partition key is a date.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__screen2321151153817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">month_part</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">m_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m_time</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2021-01-01'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2022-01-01'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1 month'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">month_part</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pmax</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">maxvalue</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__p54951109215"></p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__sdd1bb49c54fe48ffb123ee917092540a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150744__ab7a62aa4283e43558bbf77c097ffa194"><a href="dws_06_0143.html">ALTER TABLE PARTITION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0208.html">DROP TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0182.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0182.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__sf71fe034aa9d4c549c3cfb434e55d63c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a82941569dbc94ab48da28a3df7516705"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1726333638231225">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong> creates a text search configuration. A text search configuration specifies a text search parser that can divide a string into tokens, plus dictionaries that can be used to determine which tokens are of interest for searching.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__sf3df97922dcc4a3094ada4f161dd53d5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ud633a100baf645aaa6b232d2c1ce93e6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__li131078817237">If only the parser is specified, then the new text search configuration initially has no mappings from token types to dictionaries, and therefore will ignore all words. Subsequent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b842352706152736">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong> commands must be used to create mappings to make the configuration useful. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b842352706153056">COPY</strong> option is specified, the parser, mapping and configuration option of text search configuration is copied automatically.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__li117031118122311">If a schema name is specified, the text search configuration will be created in the specified schema. Otherwise, the configuration will be created in the current schema.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__li1907172717234">The user who defines a text search configuration becomes its owner.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l24e8a8c4e11d4d79a42dcf5847758cdb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b84235270617954">PARSER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b84235270617102">COPY</strong> options are mutually exclusive, because when an existing configuration is copied, its parser selection is copied too. </li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__s432427bf362e4684b4559ac16cfcda57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__s18d476418c7748ada6302a1c75028d5d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARSER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parser_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">source_config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">configuration_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__s871a6652f67948d9a6a4abc2ae11dc01"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u87a6dc6d4b4246e0bf14d893dc8622b6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l4e57ec9266c94bceb8763ecf8a729f8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a46607074a77746dca5d6a4c0f3d2ce7d">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a9c837a44b9f6452d8c3e949e089343f2">Specifies the name of the text search configuration to be created. Specifies the name can be schema-qualified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l3318ced2284145a08b1f29d018a8c52e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a8995d3c4a203465fadc1016b700626c5">parser_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ae9a721362ef54864a48d750cf7c239c9">Specifies the name of the text search parser to use for this configuration. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ldbf3922a73434c4a96d9ef41b4ddd9de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a18b9b107b40045f081a8bc30f4ec8fde">source_config</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a1bb44ad3045d451eba92e535257cd585">Specifies the name of an existing text search configuration to copy. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__lb7fb77d05f304306a299d678e91c3fa4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ac6c9f3d7fd664b1bbcd60b88ae214d61">configuration_option</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a3d72f9db85ae4a35ae903dcfb5f16450">Specifies the configuration parameter of text search configuration is mainly for the parser executed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__en-us_topic_0085031967_b842352706153611">parser_name</strong> or contained by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__en-us_topic_0085031967_b842352706153628">source_config</strong>.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__abbf95ce2779244aca7f650a705d99dbc">Value range: The default, ngram, and zhparser parsers are supported. The parser of default type has no corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__en-us_topic_0085031967_b6113102625010">configuration_option</strong>. <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__t5cd5026f6ee04580970c9fe0e49fef47">Table 1</a> lists <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__en-us_topic_0085031967_b13113122616501">configuration_option</strong> for ngram and zhparser parsers.
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__t5cd5026f6ee04580970c9fe0e49fef47"></a><a name="t5cd5026f6ee04580970c9fe0e49fef47"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__t5cd5026f6ee04580970c9fe0e49fef47" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Configuration parameters for ngram and zhparser parsers</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r5a656d1395384eccbd704b6d13a8ce04"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10.45%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a707192fad71241038bd2cd31e9c89b83"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b842352706102247">Parser</strong></p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.47%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a00293c10701c4f988fb93e3738dc65cc">Parameters for adding an account</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.72%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a2a0ae6dd50db40ba98b763c25bde354a">Description</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.36%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a905695cf66b84f99812949320bbf8889">Value Range</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r7bf562a8e5654dbab7ab59ce5f0bb1ed"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="10.45%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__afacd1c2badf4491d838033774a5cb8d3">ngram</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a1602af64ea7041beb6649bfe71f4820b">gram_size</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.72%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__aed94df95b88041a9a10cdee43386611c">Length of word segmentation</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.36%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a7e9de2a235d543ff8697fea360f2925b">Integer, 1 to 4</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__afe2160e9d4014ed3ac7b3ef43ffa8f96">Default value: 2</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r7d798f47f58b4e10a0f5dbad04811225"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__aa0f11d88fd444ef7b766d1978e6d0506">punctuation_ignore</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a6e85a1422c2c404cb9be25a55c409814">Whether to ignore punctuations</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u3760e23c2c2548b6884107ee9c424764"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__lac7bef9d53e34b80981fcfc9ca72fb78"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1741281011447">true</strong> (default value): Ignore punctuations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l09785a75fd4646a0aa8fe2863e8fae11"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b3960213164413">false</strong>: Do not ignore punctuations.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__rc90448cf88f742a5aa8009acaf6762bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a5aa3be441ec44ef297a77d676eafb179">grapsymbol_ignore</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__af34490045b234be3852684ef774bfb62">Whether to ignore graphical characters</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u72a6d56c36c54d6598b26800fd6ca202"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l1d582486cef64f18a7fa12e46fcc928d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b9841225114415">true</strong>: Ignore graphical characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__le440959fa16442eea1adb8a9fc01a5d5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1336672754415">false</strong> (default value): Do not ignore graphical characters.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r51369fd9e22f4c6cb6720ec7b23c768c"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="6" valign="top" width="10.45%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ac3abb7d7a915467c86d04e125953bd2c">zhparser</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="15.47%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__af65f60184e354661a2fe4fdd030d35c9">punctuation_ignore</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37.72%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ad74db34457be4cfcb417c00446fcb317">Whether to ignore special characters including punctuations (\r and \n will not be ignored) in the word segmentation result</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="36.36%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.4 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__uc090fd83a1914e788bfe6033c8f48d83"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l268301dcf3f54412b04bd3bfcb2e50c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1246518704511">true</strong> (default value): Ignore all the special characters including punctuations.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__lfbf91bb8d889414a932182891866ba71"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b16701121016453">false</strong>: Do not ignore all the special characters including punctuations.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r7a3503ec9720437b99438ebebf39b07a"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a12aa49ad78c34c4b994831fbe8fab566">seg_with_duality</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a353074e455644960bf9ed7485554aeb7">Whether to aggregate segments with duality</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ua1c3ede976f946be8501ed5439ed11aa"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l0b5ee81361744ec194f4a1711b5316a3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b98101123184516">true</strong>: Aggregate segments with duality.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l5598b85a0c6743b282257ed2775a8c1e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b3966182518458">false</strong> (default value): Do not aggregate segments with duality.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r9d9514c2398848d2a99cd76297d36f84"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a5698d88a2ef74eb5a2b0e3d1f5f1d171">multi_short</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a251ec7730e69474e8e0acfb9273e8f57">Whether to execute long words composite divide</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u4bfff92eb802417f8ee38e096824f010"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l8b8935eb3dd9450190489d11c8d88a64"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b156241714124715">true</strong> (default value): Execute long words composite divide.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__lea6939d26b2a40adacb77851cdceb636"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b25301416144717">false</strong>: Do not execute long words composite divide.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r51d91f3196a944aaa3e3420510906177"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a2e44f85efdcd4633847aaf7c61467777">multi_duality</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a67e8dc66192140ea9ee58206bdb75c1e">Whether to aggregate segments in long words with duality</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u1a6f21947cf6484aab83fa00b8a4d4ac"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l8be4353d97024efc9f2692e73ee0fb2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b126696241472">true</strong>: Aggregate segments in long words with duality.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l2a5ffc4775e24b47bcb52d2e518e6219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1831152719475">false</strong> (default value): Do not aggregate segments in long words with duality.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__r35774d8cc947400f842c9a38aa4e28fb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a2b362917fba242bbb3dc3084b73c6714">multi_zmain</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ad13f0cda635f4aa49f9920cff299a984">Whether to display key single words individually</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ua24009a8c1604508939835fac9a51975"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l5ae6e0ee7f6248869e6b16ef0bb1d7de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b1863419381478">true</strong>: Display key single words individually.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l4e808b7592e84a2e8fb0951f6bc04017"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b81181042194710">false</strong> (default value): Do not display key single words individually.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__ra3024a409ab7469d9108ade908b94511"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__aac56d9c068a84364938635ad40e5a389">multi_zall</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a41ffd96b834e4fdaacf3f0e21282f5a9">Whether to display all single words individually.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.4.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__u033d0a1dac154987a5f1b8a3a2e4e4ff"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l232ea54069d24af28f810bd20258d9c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b2036805017472">true</strong>: Display all single words individually.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__l16aae6cef8224ae19264067a7308c83c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__b18900165213470">false</strong> (default value): Do not display all single words individually.</li></ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__s38a364af36b74527a2ea2f15c2a7a5b7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__p494625152419">Create a text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__screen2787102772614"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ngram</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gram_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grapsymbol_ignore</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__p394616519248">Create a text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__screen3386122019264"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">copy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gram_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grapsymbol_ignore</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__p468584812416">Create a text search configuration.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__screen1828601716511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__se84e12ebaaf04ad6a3c20ec1ca7ee6e5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910699__a08ce754f98384123b38da9f7e79b8a83"><a href="dws_06_0145.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0210.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s11dbafd02fc245e8ab6884159af9fd0b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p55141914483"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b170791094413">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</strong> creates a full-text search dictionary. A dictionary is used to identify and process specified words during full-text search.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p5654125664618">Dictionaries are created by using predefined templates (defined in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b240685715510">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</strong> system catalog). Five types of dictionaries can be created, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b157171212174712">Simple</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b204615114714">Ispell</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b1594041616471">Synonym</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b3267191934720">Thesaurus</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b156261221124717">Snowball</strong>. Each type of dictionaries is used to handle different tasks.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s3885984ccb904e76a8b521140774edbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__ul94641895249"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li10464891245">A user with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b178581246164813">SYSADMIN</strong> permission can create a dictionary. Then, the user automatically becomes the owner of the dictionary.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li24716712720">A dictionary cannot be created in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b164661024916">pg_temp</strong> mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li1695011287207">After a dictionary is created or modified, any modification to the user-defined dictionary definition file will not affect the dictionary in the database. To make such modifications take effect in the dictionary in the database, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b789383117509">ALTER</strong> statement to update the definition file of the dictionary.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s097e199c371040739945504301b7678d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s49960349d09943568d3fc82d29c074fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__i101021434544">name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of a dictionary to be created. (If you do not specify a schema name, the dictionary will be created in the current schema.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: a string, which complies with the identifier naming convention. A value can contain a maximum of 63 characters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li133625114011"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__i730815765716">template</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p63719564012">Specifies a template name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p93710584015">Value range: templates (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b2265320135913">Simple</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b1861622175915">Synonym</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b339422314596">Thesaurus</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b18562125125910">Ispell</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b7692152835912">Snowball</strong>) defined in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b12421515115215">PG_TS_TEMPLATE</strong> system catalog</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li1286812455448"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li1286812455448"></a><a name="li1286812455448"></a><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i14228183602">option</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p145461744155218">Specifies a parameter name. Each type of dictionaries has a template containing their custom parameters. Parameters function in a way irrelevant to their setting sequence.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul73520317301"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li132392610291">Parameters for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b11844154418156">Simple</strong> dictionary<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul164711610132616"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li1521442771710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b101381554191714">STOPWORDS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p141621281174">Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. For example, if the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b16938318264">STOPWORDS</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b394518162613">french</strong>, the actual file name is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b49451713262">french.stop</strong>. In the file, each line defines a stop word. Dictionaries will ignore blank lines and spaces in the file and convert stop-word phrases into lowercase.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li83020302172"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b6753155581714">ACCEPT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p780343081713">Specifies whether to accept a non-stop word as recognized. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1116105752117">true</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p5644711224">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b862819542228">ACCEPT=true</strong> is set for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b14498204318300">Simple</strong> dictionary, no token will be passed to subsequent dictionaries. In this case, you are advised to place the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b322116331311">Simple</strong> dictionary at the end of the dictionary list. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1639975118311">ACCEPT=false</strong> is set, you are advised to place the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b18430613133217">Simple</strong> dictionary before at least one dictionary in the list.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b953215316264">FILEPATH</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p45331531122613">Specifies the directory for storing the stop word file. The stop word file can be stored locally or on the OBS server. If the file is stored locally, the directory format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1507360411105918">'file://</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i1059636523105918">absolute_path</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b18212144632819">'</strong>. If the file is stored on the OBS server, the directory format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b431417295919">'obs://bucket/<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i14591574597">path accesskey</em>=<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i172451111105914">ak</em> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i20323201425912">secretkey</em>=<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i15725101715594">sk</em> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i531015217597">region</em>=<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i14709525165911">region_name</em>'</strong>. The directory must be enclosed in single quotation marks ('). The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. Both the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b14384919303">FILEPATH</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b6445149203012">STOPWORDS</strong> parameters need to be specified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p8298173815119">To create a dictionary using the stop word file on the OBS server, perform the following steps:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ol226715512592"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li226885105915">Upload the stop word file to the OBS server. For example, upload the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b12273131318331">french.stop</strong> file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1149811357331">gaussdb</strong> bucket on the OBS server <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b18954135413333">obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com</strong>. The URL is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b97611414133411">https://gaussdb.obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com/french.stop</strong>. For details about how to upload the file and query the URL, see the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i1494491411357">OBS User Manual</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li135454231133">Add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b095484543515">"</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i192894492350">region_name</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b13649125214357">": "</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i13416166123614">obs domain</em><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b9646141663610">"</strong> to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b15333734183616">$GAUSSHOME/etc/region_map</strong> file. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i9918184133614">region_name</em> can be a string consisting of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, slashes (/), or underscores (_). <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i198144993717">obs domain</em> indicates the domain name of the OBS server.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p2121251319">For example, if <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i158921054163717">region_name</em> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b346216584372">rg</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b192297134389">region_map</strong> is as follows: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b0324134123819">"rg": "obsv3.sa-fb-1.externaldemo.com"</strong>.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_note20607337349"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p93611249047"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i12316857123810">region_name</em> and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i81091417193910">obs domain</em> are enclosed in double quotation marks. There is no space on the left of the colon and one space on the right of the colon.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li743063518594">Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b11900162104020">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</strong> command to create a dictionary. The command is as follows:</li></ol>
+<pre class="codeblock" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_codeblock11892056916">   CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY french_dict ( TEMPLATE = pg_catalog.simple, STOPWORDS = french, FILEPATH = 'obs://gaussdb accesskey=xxx secretkey=yyy region=rg' );</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p89722551171">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b9235175918408">french.stop</strong> file is stored in the root directory of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b10403626164114">gaussdb</strong> bucket. Therefore, the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i152122041124113">path</em> is empty.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li3769818163018">Parameters for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b165616225119">Synonym</strong> dictionary<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul1786729203116"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li9908122611315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b23599148445">SYNONYM</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p149066276287">Specifies the name of the definition file for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b133171681127">Synonym</strong> dictionary. The default file name extension is .syn.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p39811136114718">The file is a list of synonyms. Each line is in the format of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i1189211065">token synonym</em>, that is, token and its synonym separated by a space.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li5422183819471"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b162141117154410">CASESENSITIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p1271883924716">Specifies whether tokens and their synonyms are case sensitive. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b188471141172">false</strong>, indicating that tokens and synonyms in dictionary files will be converted into lowercase. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b15945102917820">true</strong>, they will not be converted into lowercase.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li2975203353118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b14974833193111">FILEPATH</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p4975333103113">Specifies the directory for storing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b156018264106">Synonym</strong> dictionary files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b78511945184217">Synonym</strong> dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616">FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li172887716330">Parameters for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b882614720100">Thesaurus</strong> dictionary<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul0565165617272"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13265721131414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b12812195313552">DICTFILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p1623814161718">Specifies the name of a dictionary definition file. The default file name extension is .ths.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p86584227140">The file is a list of synonyms. Each line is in the format of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i175612031318">sample words</em> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b8402184141310">:</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_i8215315121315">indexed words</em>. The colon (:) is used as a separator between a phrase and its substitute word. If multiple sample words are matched, the TZ selects the longest one.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul10566175692712"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li455652516147"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1122613555554">DICTIONARY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p1822292741416">Specifies the name of a subdictionary used for word normalization. This parameter is mandatory and only one subdictionary name can be specified. The specified subdictionary must exist. It is used to identify and normalize input text before phrase matching.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p1242051723714">If an input word cannot be recognized by the subdictionary, an error will be reported. In this case, remove the word or update the subdictionary to make the word recognizable. In addition, an asterisk (*) can be placed at the beginning of an indexed word to skip the application of a subdictionary on it, but all sample words must be recognizable by the subdictionary.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p9897225193416">If the sample words defined in the dictionary file contain stop words defined in the subdictionary, use question marks (?) to replace them. Assume that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b280811397241">a</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b82315431241">the</strong> are stop words defined in the subdictionary.<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_screen128832051145213">? one ? two : swsw</pre>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p314914310533"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b736785019279">a one the two</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1672918591274">the one a two</strong> will be matched and output as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b883842032816">swsw</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li3693203211140"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b71872599556">FILEPATH</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p201381234141411">Specifies the directory for storing dictionary definition files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b16928194554411">Synonym</strong> dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616">FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li3590340173413">Parameters for an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b56982286292">Ispell</strong> dictionary<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul8643134014350"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li6403123817359"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b135851231145610">DICTFILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p169415319334">Specifies the name of a dictionary definition file. The default file name extension is .dict.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li44331630183512"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1543323093511">AFFFILE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p1743317304351">Specifies the name of an affix file. The default file name extension is .affix.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li19991204413517"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b2990044193516">STOPWORDS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p19991184416354">Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. The file content format is the same as that of the file for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b188616161340">Simple</strong> dictionary.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li821674983510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b162161149203511">FILEPATH</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p86651356113516">Specifies the directory for storing dictionary files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. The directory format and the process of creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b03251811134510">Synonym</strong> dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13533193132616">FILEPATH of the Simple dictionary</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li1585912584354">Parameters for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b15421226163516">Snowball</strong> dictionary<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul622714279442"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li1165615544373"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b19949171714574">LANGUAGE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p121185610373">Specifies the name of a language whose stemming algorithm will be used. According to spelling rules in the language, the algorithm normalizes the variants of an input word into a basic word or a stem.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li10262357173720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b46341815125710">STOPWORDS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p20978757173720">Specifies the name of a file listing stop words. The default file name extension is .stop. The file content format is the same as that of the file for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b133746510423">Simple</strong> dictionary.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul1862715564217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li594740133814"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b8786121310577">FILEPATH</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_p196391115386">Specifies the directory for storing dictionary definition files. The directory can be a local directory or an OBS directory. The default value is the directory where predefined dictionary files are located. Both the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b36441155153111">FILEPATH</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b18645115593113">STOPWORDS</strong> parameters need to be specified. The directory format and the process of creating a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b10503105116458">Snowball</strong> dictionary using a file on the OBS server are the same as those of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b2093014387464">Simple</strong> dictionary.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_note1970820111566"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul1036363368"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li11364633618">The predefined dictionary file is stored in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_b1782102674716">$GAUSSHOME/share/postgresql/tsearch_data</strong> directory.</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_ul10996181023617"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0000001134718906_li13996410103617">The name of a dictionary definition file can contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores (_).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__li6444162716327"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__i13518523428">value</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p15861137193115">Specifies a parameter value. If the value is not an identifier or a number, enclose it with single quotation marks (''). You can also enclose identifiers and numbers with single quotation marks.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p20700113019291">Create an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b187594026935938">Ispell</strong> dictionary <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__b35990355435938">english_ispell</strong> (the dictionary definition file is from the open source dictionary).<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__en-us_topic_0176515517_screen47831721181510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english_ispell</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TEMPLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ispell</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DictFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">AffFile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StopWords</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FilePath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'obs://bucket_name/path accesskey=ak secretkey=sk region=rg'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p84451214185012">See examples in <a href="dws_06_0110.html">Configuration Examples</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910877__p63691819155"><a href="dws_06_0146.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0211.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0184.html
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TRIGGER</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s5b655354cc4a468996b5ea5ccf96eef1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11128134817614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1285018327563">CREATE TRIGGER</strong> creates a trigger. The trigger will be associated with a specified table or view, and will execute a specified function when certain events occur.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__sd16eb48466c14a57894886ee710120db"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__ul139412062717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li158017715272">Currently, triggers can be created only on ordinary row-store tables, instead of on column-store tables, temporary tables, or unlogged tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li347634145417">If multiple triggers of the same kind are defined for the same event, they will be fired in alphabetical order by name.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li17785141710531">A trigger works only on one table. There is no limit on the number of triggers that can be created. However, more triggers on a table consume more performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li153342473107">Triggers are usually used for data association and synchronization between multiple tables. SQL execution performance is greatly affected. Therefore, you are advised not to use this statement when a large amount of data needs to be synchronized and performance requirements are high.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li730010578101">When a trigger meets the following conditions, the trigger statement and trigger itself can be pushed together down to a DN for execution, improving the trigger execution performance:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__ul15472171784"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1154717171882"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b131744379414">enable_trigger_shipping</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b13167144116414">enable_fast_query_shipping</strong> are both enabled. (This is the default configuration.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1754711713810">The trigger function used by the source table is a PL/pgSQL function (recommended).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li85471817987">The source and target tables have the same type and number of distribution keys, are both row-store tables, and belong to the same Node Group.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li12548517784">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b177217265220">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b12618228424">UPDATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b876520301722">DELETE</strong> statement on the source table contains an expression about equality comparison between all the distribution keys and the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__i10181164310482">NEW</em> or <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__i175281440205010">OLD</em> variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li45485171687">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b14374105610518">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b134221057553">UPDATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1368516414617">DELETE</strong> statement on the source table can be pushed down without a trigger.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1254810171288">There are only six types of triggers, specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b142284451565">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b963819491564">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b6487355262">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b16188238105215">AFTER</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1118933825219">BEFORE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b17845665210">FOR EACH ROW</strong>, on the source table, and all the triggers can be pushed down.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__sab6d6871adc14e79b0b3aeb1dc09527a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s6e38b11115cb4b51bdd562fc1d2be8c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AFTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSTEAD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">event</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">referenced_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INITIALLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STATEMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__a08c057935829473396f08d21d4bfe389">Events include:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s6f43fedf8f614913a96102537e10a6ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s17ea4f8187d34bb0966d2930fbe26d38"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__u83d8d8474d9d484dbeb66e30ef5074ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li8361428145613"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b7910144355615">CONSTRAINT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1652873112568">(Optional) Creates a constraint trigger, that is, a trigger is used as a constraint. Such a trigger is similar to a regular trigger except that the timing of the trigger firing can be adjusted using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b810385791910">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong>. Constraint triggers must be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b84249132014">AFTER ROW</strong> triggers.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__le1db8114e75c46f68824d59e6eacf1f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__aa0b1225700114f9d899c964b8b92d72d">trigger_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__aaf0a6a41636c49218442abe52c8b8600">Specifies the name of a new trigger. The name cannot be schema-qualified because the trigger inherits the schema of its table. In addition, triggers on the same table cannot be named the same. For a constraint trigger, this is also the name to use when you modify the trigger's behavior using <a href="dws_06_0221.html">SET CONSTRAINTS</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__a8f278f7d919a4728ae8f52b8ff3c6609">Value range: a string that complies with the identifier naming convention. A value can contain a maximum of 63 characters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li347290177"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b734281918714">BEFORE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p330913613266">Specifies that a trigger function is called before the trigger event.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li9568335256"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b234511916713">AFTER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p18303125415">Specifies that a trigger function is called after the trigger event. A constraint trigger can only be specified as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b10315174119253">AFTER</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li98138582515"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b93473191572">INSTEAD OF</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p10309181914516">Specifies that a trigger function directly replaces the trigger event.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li24195363122"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1877155513121">event</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11506111613114">Specifies the event that will fire a trigger. Values are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b9455569273">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b74411095272">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1951711119274">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b97721116202719">TRUNCATE</strong>. You can also specify multiple trigger events through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b9170103610272">OR</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p466616554361">For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b13200165452719">UPDATE</strong> events, use the following syntax to specify a list of columns:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen63001455103713"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_name1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_name2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p152344432124">The trigger will only fire if at least one of the listed columns is mentioned as a target of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b73143550285">UPDATE</strong> statement. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b988737122911">INSTEAD OF UPDATE</strong> events do not support lists of columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__l617ebaf19e2a424a83f810cd95e93a66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__af19d59a4cbbe4d4d89566462086713c3">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__a625dfcff15924ff79c8cb01de930748f">Specifies the name of the table where a trigger needs to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p711315618308">Value range: name of an existing table in the database</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li142864581160"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b32581866170">referenced_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p273111018174">Specifies the name of another table referenced by a constraint. This parameter can be specified only for constraint triggers. It does not support foreign key constraints and is not recommended for general use.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p10998410101710">Value range: name of an existing table in the database</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1015116135253"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b7743192182514">DEFERRABLE |</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1374512182511"> NOT DEFERRABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p2471540121720">Controls whether a constraint can be deferred. The two parameters determine the timing for firing a constraint trigger, and can be specified only for constraint triggers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p16756934169">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li127700366157"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b7746182115251">INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong> <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b2862135017154">| </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b177476210252">INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p5488144010186">If a constraint is deferrable, the two clauses specify the default time to check the constraint, and can be specified only for constraint triggers.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p10194112621819">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1259811115154"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b18402116141511">FOR EACH ROW | </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b9406101618154">FOR EACH STATEMENT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p17920479205">Specifies the frequency of firing a trigger.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__ul643915208206"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li19185121314207"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b28831637114116">FOR EACH ROW</strong> indicates that the trigger should be fired once for every row affected by the trigger event.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li15052127215"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1094131214420">FOR EACH STATEMENT</strong> indicates that the trigger should be fired just once per SQL statement.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11547714202115">If this parameter is not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b132166387422">FOR EACH STATEMENT</strong> will be used. Constraint triggers can only be specified as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b966085510426">FOR EACH ROW</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1279195912178"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b10835244187">condition</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p2859421162611">Specifies a Boolean expression that determines whether a trigger function will actually be executed. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b128441343154313">WHEN</strong> is specified, the function will be called only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b45291194413">condition</strong> returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b355035254311">true</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p6692141112272">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b67362521448">FOR EACH ROW</strong> triggers, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1045105974420">WHEN</strong> condition can reference the columns of old or new row values by writing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b149072051144616">OLD.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__i876205312463">column_name</em> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b27403560465">NEW.</strong><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__i17790857184612">column_name</em>, respectively. In addition, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1980521734610">INSERT</strong> triggers cannot reference <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b147933244619">OLD</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b18711935124619">DELETE</strong> triggers cannot reference <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b158981140144617">NEW</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p36481798278"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b8359620104713">INSTEAD OF</strong> triggers do not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b18173727154713">WHEN</strong> conditions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p56541271276"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b12389173612479">WHEN</strong> expressions cannot contain subqueries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p0982542279">For constraint triggers, evaluation of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b14129181519481">WHEN</strong> condition is not deferred, but occurs immediately after the update operation is performed. If the condition does not return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1095132219499">true</strong>, the trigger will not be queued for deferred execution.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li26622237181"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b2453112911816">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p13417254171413">Specifies a user-defined function, which must be declared as taking no parameters and returning data of the trigger type. This function is executed when a trigger fires.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li889343861816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b78821936131814">arguments</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p452593510259">Specifies an optional, comma-separated list of parameters to be provided to a function when a trigger is executed. Parameters are literal string constants. Simple names and numeric constants can also be included, but they will all be converted to strings. Check descriptions of the implementation language of a trigger function to find out how these parameters are accessed within the function.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__note174681631113919"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p16083236407">The following details trigger types:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__ul18326144512421"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1432616452421"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1911013254577">INSTEAD OF</strong> triggers must be marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b743333195716">FOR EACH ROW</strong> and can be defined only on views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li18326164534216"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b97586512585">BEFORE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b191919109581">AFTER</strong> triggers on a view must be marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b13761131555816">FOR EACH STATEMENT</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__li1032664512427"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b464713135812">TRUNCATE</strong> triggers must be marked as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1579963985818">FOR EACH STATEMENT</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__table15282217184416" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Types of triggers supported on tables and views</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1928351717446"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="18.61%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p172831717164411">Trigger Timing</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.39%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p12831417204411">Trigger Event</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p02835173441">Row-level</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p7283151724411">Statement-level</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row172831817174411"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p730044544511">BEFORE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.39%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p3284317124416">INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p328415179448">Tables</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p52841717144413">Tables and views</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row16284131794411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11284117194411">TRUNCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p17284117134416">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p928411720440">Tables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row13284111719447"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p77757114469">AFTER</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.39%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p152851217194419">INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p18285111715443">Tables</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p6285191714444">Tables and views</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row628521784416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p028581720447">TRUNCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p79551335194718">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p32851817104412">Tables</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1628517179447"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="18.61%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p76867126463">INSTEAD OF</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.39%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p132851717134412">INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p628520177441">Views</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="25%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p328521734411">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row4285121715449"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p5285121710449">TRUNCATE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p13881123616473">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p828581719444">Not supported</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__table760181655812" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 2 </b>Special variables in the functions PL/pgSQL triggers</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row19602716145815"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p206021716105816">Variable</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1460201645816">Description</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row3602131614583"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p14602151695812">NEW</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1860211675810">New tuple for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b20344345611">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b85087619616">UPDATE</strong> operations. This variable is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b72381425462">NULL</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1144330163">DELETE</strong> operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row76021816145814"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11602191615818">OLD</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1602171615583">Old tuple for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b173493716616">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b17359375619">DELETE</strong> operations. This variable is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b93616376619">NULL</strong> for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1337637763">INSERT</strong> operations.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row18602416155810"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1475416171454">TG_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p5602181610580">Trigger name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1603161675820"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1475411171056">TG_WHEN</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p206031016115811">Trigger timing (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b46713119710">BEFORE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b103531334712">AFTER</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b164011435677">INSTEAD OF</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1660319162582"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1175418171457">TG_LEVEL</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p0603191615816">Trigger frequency (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b9118248774">ROW</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b53924526713">STATEMENT</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1560316166589"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p127546171358">TG_OP</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p10603716185818">Trigger event (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b677315515816">INSERT</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b598118619815">UPDATE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1857310811815">DELETE</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b13469811586">TRUNCATE</strong>)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row10541541358"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p27541171651">TG_RELID</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1954041519">OID of the table where a trigger is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row45412413517"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1875420175514">TG_RELNAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p205414755">Name of the table where a trigger is located. (This variable is now discarded and is replaced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b662915434161">TG_TABLE_NAME</strong>.)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row13249111110518"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p87540171655">TG_TABLE_NAME</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p10250201116514">Name of the table where a trigger is located.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row162500111657"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1475451710513">TG_TABLE_SCHEMA</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p6250711553">Schema information of the table where a trigger is located</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row625014111253"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p117543174514">TG_NARGS</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p192506111453">Number of parameters for a trigger function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__row1764175611515"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p37540171551">TG_ARGV[]</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.14.5.2.3.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p676419562519">List of parameters for a trigger function</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s09bff25d2b394d54b798e90da9d05741"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p11880152320303">Create a source table and a target table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen118713154406"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen3539820144019"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_des_tbl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p148802239301">Create the trigger function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b49001424152116">tri_insert_func()</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen13587491404"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_insert_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_des_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">NEW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEW</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLPGSQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p108791123163017">Create the trigger function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b13239112615214">tri_update_func()</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen1031514884214"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_update_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_des_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEW</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">OLD</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OLD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLPGSQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p128791523183019">Create the trigger function <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b7288333102117">tri_delete_func()</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen573912034314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_delete_func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_des_tbl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">OLD</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">id1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OLD</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLPGSQL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p1287872373012">Create an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b19709939904023">INSERT</strong> trigger.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen63365594311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_insert_func</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p187812317307">Create an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b455786474023">UPDATE</strong> trigger.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen251912489438"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_trigger</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">AFTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_update_func</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__p0878172353017">Create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__b1427421094023">DELETE</strong> trigger.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__screen139471339184317"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_trigger</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EACH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tri_delete_func</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__s72b6a79261c247a0bd70247bdfa5da4d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910787__ab5a1cd48fb9d41f483d47e84410f176c"><a href="dws_06_0147.html">ALTER TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0212.html">DROP TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE TYPE</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__sb16e3bf84c414769a0f46edc6f00fba5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p105231915193720"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b2716163912912">CREATE TYPE</strong> defines a new data type in the current database. The user who defines a new data type becomes its owner. Types are designed only for row-store tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p20460781475">Four types of data can be created by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1325493893218">CREATE TYPE</strong>: composite data, base data, a shell data, and enumerated data.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ul1188784611381"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li888784623814">Composite types<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p11237174918386"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li888784623814"></a><a name="li888784623814"></a>A composite type is specified by a list of attribute names and data types. If the data type of an attribute is collatable, the attribute's collation rule can also be specified. A composite type is essentially the same as the row type of a table. However, using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b127848318218">CREATE TYPE</strong> avoids the need to create an actual table when only a type needs to be defined. In addition, a standalone composite type is useful, for example, as the parameter or return type of a function.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p2186115112380">To create a composite type, you must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b168745912238">USAGE</strong> permission for all its attribute types.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1888194610383">Base types<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p14784155253820"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1888194610383"></a><a name="li1888194610383"></a>You can customize a new base type (scalar type). Generally, functions required for base types must be coded in C or another low-level language.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li102851849135010">Shell types<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p3795195055018"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li102851849135010"></a><a name="li102851849135010"></a>A shell type is simply a placeholder for a type to be defined later. It can be created by delivering <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b480877152810">CREATE TYPE</strong> with no parameters except for a type name. Shell types are needed as forward references when base types are created.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li11735434112116">Enumerated types<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1616012407213"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li11735434112116"></a><a name="li11735434112116"></a>An enumerated type is a list of enumerated values. Each value is a non-empty string with the maximum length of 64 bytes.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__s435bd30349fe494396ab4c64e1f53667"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__a5aef5b3a030b423092ea315e70223935">If a schema name is given, the type will be created in the specified schema. Otherwise, it will be created in the current schema. A type name must be different from the name of any existing type or domain in the same schema. (Since tables have associated data types, a type name must also be different from the name of any existing table in the same schema.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__s790ca3d258f44e9b9819ea435cd0741b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__sfec2a3142b66414ca49a8f48306ad9c1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attribute_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input_function</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">OUTPUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_function</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RECEIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">receive_function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">send_function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TYPMOD_IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">type_modifier_input_function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TYPMOD_OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">type_modifier_output_function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">analyze_function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INTERNALLENGTH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">internallength</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">VARIABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSEDBYVALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ALIGNMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">alignment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">storage</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">like_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CATEGORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PREFERRED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preferred</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ELEMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COLLATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">collatable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENUM</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'label'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__s6868bec7da064a909ce22191f0768244"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1288711452219">Composite types</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ue26183ecff0645ac8644f93ceee36097"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__l77288a7aa397435c93c55f8691710264"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b17763241835">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p58691113033">Specifies the name of the type to be created. It can be schema-qualified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li532312221530"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b01531135332">attribute_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1632454313311">Specifies the name of an attribute (column) for the composite type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li145416571739"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b14719394411">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1380516192049">Specifies the name of an existing data type to become a column of the composite type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li145255413433"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b2080919231372">collation</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p974312694317">Specifies the name of an existing collation rule to be associated with a column of the composite type.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p5448152814318">Base types</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p158694247352">When creating a base type, you can place parameters in any order. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b6808123553810">input_function</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1055343843812">output_function</strong> parameters are mandatory, and other parameters are optional.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ul6555182814431"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1555628184310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b0555228174315">input_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p105551828184318">Specifies the name of a function that converts data from the external text format of a type to its internal format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1284141513124">An input function can be declared as taking one parameter of the cstring type or taking three parameters of the cstring, oid, and integer types.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ul173814513135"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li79811348151317">The cstring-type parameter is the input text as a C string.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li5981154820134">The oid-type parameter is the OID of the type (except for array types, where the parameter is the element type OID of an array type).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li2098264815133">The integer-type parameter is typmod of the destination column, if known (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1197720774813">-1</strong> will be passed if not known).</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p2027685514154">An input function must return a value of the data type itself. Generally, an input function must be declared as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b897464195114">STRICT</strong>. If it is not, it will be called with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1275556185215">NULL</strong> parameter coming first when the system reads a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b112191819175213">NULL</strong> input value. In this case, the function must still return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b13519203914533">NULL</strong> unless an error raises. (This mechanism is designed for supporting domain input functions, which may need to reject <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b8906132765520">NULL</strong> input values.)</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__note863756205811"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p5609344183916">Input and output functions can be declared to have the results or parameters of a new type because they have to be created before the new type is created. The new type should first be defined as a shell type, which is a placeholder type that has no attributes except a name and an owner. This can be done by delivering the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b187243391708">CREATE TYPE</strong> <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__i1278219411601">name</em> statement, with no additional parameters. Then, the C I/O functions can be defined as referencing the shell type. Finally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b155011114526">CREATE TYPE</strong> with a full definition replaces the shell type with a complete, valid type definition. After that, the new type can be used normally.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li3538141144415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b655532804318">output_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p13555202844317">Specifies the name of a function that converts data from the internal format of a type to its external text format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p17250445149">An output function must be declared as taking one parameter of a new data type. It must return data of the cstring type. Output functions are not invoked for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b12723625173">NULL</strong> values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li872416516445"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b0555162812433">receive_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p75551028174311">(Optional) Specifies the name of a function that converts data from the external binary format of a type to its internal format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p327121082316">If this function is not used, the type cannot participate in binary input. It costs lower to convert the binary format to the internal format, more portable. (For example, the standard integer data types use the network byte order as an external binary representation, whereas the internal representation is in the machine's native byte order.) This function should perform adequate checks to ensure a valid value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p84285256293">Also, this function can be declared as taking one parameter of the internal type or taking three parameters of the internal, oid, and integer types.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ul107511335336"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li9204655133219">The internal-type parameter is a pointer to a StringInfo buffer holding received byte strings.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li0205195593213">The oid- and integer-type parameters are the same as those of the text input function.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p20710584339">A receive function must return a value of the data type itself. Generally, a receive function must be declared as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b19104153181915">STRICT</strong>. If it is not, it will be called with a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b469550182013">NULL</strong> parameter coming first when the system reads a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1469617042016">NULL</strong> input value. In this case, the function must still return <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b811916173204">NULL</strong> unless an error raises. (This mechanism is designed for supporting domain receive functions, which may need to reject <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b14121131772019">NULL</strong> input values.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1092248114418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b125555286437">send_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p3555728204316">(Optional) Specifies the name of a function that converts data from the internal format of a type to its external binary format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p177614289579">If this function is not used, the type cannot participate in binary output. A send function must be declared as taking one parameter of a new data type. It must return data of the bytea type. Send functions are not invoked for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1091714239353">NULL</strong> values.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li2197812134414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b19555132814438">type_modifier_input_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p4555172844312">(Optional) Specifies the name of a function that converts an array of modifiers for a type to its internal format.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li195831166444"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b855542819436">type_modifier_output_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1755532812438">(Optional) Specifies the name of a function that converts the internal format of modifiers for a type to its external text format.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__note41036467581"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p3573104735813"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b102961114134610">type_modifier_input_function</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b6449811194611">type_modifier_output_function</strong> are needed if a type supports modifiers, that is, optional constraints attached to a type declaration, such as char(5) or numeric(30,2). <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__text308000707">GaussDB(DWS)</span> allows user-defined types to take one or more simple constants or identifiers as modifiers. However, this information must be capable of being packed into a single non-negative integer value for storage in system catalogs. Declared modifiers are passed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1445819567509">type_modifier_input_function</strong> in the cstring array format. The parameter must check values for validity, throwing an error if they are wrong. If they are correct, the parameter will return a single non-negative integer value, which will be stored as typmod in a column. If the type does not have <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b19784957745">type_modifier_input_function</strong>, type modifiers will be rejected. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1558102719517">type_modifier_output_function</strong> converts the internal integer typmod value back to a correct format for user display. It must return a cstring value, which is the exact string appending to the type name. For example, a numeric function may return (30,2). If the default display format is enclosing a stored typmod integer value in parentheses, you can omit <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b05863371011">type_modifier_output_function</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1172202014414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b555514284436">analyze_function</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p755532811431">(Optional) Specifies the name of a function that performs statistical analysis for a data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p39988717594">By default, if there is a default B-tree operator class for a type, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b119917641410">ANALYZE</strong> will attempt to gather statistics by using the "equals" and "less-than" operators of the type. This behavior is inappropriate for non-scalar types, and can be overridden by specifying a custom analysis function. The analysis function must be declared to take one parameter of the internal type and return a boolean result.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li6260152311440"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b5555142894311">internallength</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p18555428144320">(Optional) Specifies a numeric constant for specifying the length in bytes of the internal representation of a new type. By default, it is variable-length.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p135122985915">Although the details of the new type's internal representation are only known to I/O functions and other functions that you create to work with the type, there are still some attributes of the internal representation that must be declared to <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__text66435536">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. The most important one is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b8501724172410">internallength</strong>. Base data types can be fixed-length (when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b14604183812619">internallength</strong> is a positive integer) or variable-length (when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b184427142716">internallength</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1739579132710">VARIABLE</strong>; internally, this is represented by setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b15415184520276">typlen</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1441444842710">-1</strong>). The internal representation of all variable-length types must start with a 4-byte integer. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b18871129102914">internallength</strong> defines the total length.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li12805161011187"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b7535175914212">PASSEDBYVALUE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p20826121015189">(Optional) Specifies that values of a data type are passed by value, rather than by reference. Types passed by value must be fixed-length, and their internal representation cannot be larger than the size of the Datum type (4 bytes on some machines, and 8 bytes on others).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1469432734418"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1355572811439">alignment</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p955552834315">(Optional) Specifies the storage alignment required for a data type. It supports values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b24487205346">char</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b20941152115342">int2</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b823117237347">int4</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b59311624173419">double</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b16169152763413">int4</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1935919221303">The allowed values equate to alignment on 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-byte boundaries. Note that variable-length types must have an alignment of at least 4 since they must contain an int4 value as their first component.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1888953034416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1055519284436">storage</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p2555228194317">(Optional) Specifies the storage strategy for a data type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1716611397427">It supports values <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b723294711361">plain</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b97861481360">external</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b09591349133619">extended</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b108971652103612">main</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b168716562368">plain</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__ul534162219433"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li739732014436"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b65701143133719">plain</strong> specifies that data of a type will always be stored in-line and not compressed. (Only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b748015379376">plain</strong> is allowed for fixed-length types.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li15399172014432"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b3309148104714">extended</strong> specifies that the system will first try to compress a long data value and will then move the value out of the main table row if it is still too long.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li20401420184312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b748517693915">external</strong> allows a value to be moved out of the main table, but the system will not try to compress it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li20402192074313"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b4686114413398">main</strong> allows for compression, but discourages moving a value out of the main table. (Data items with this storage strategy might still be moved out of the main table if there is no other way to make a row fit. However, they will be kept in the main table preferentially over <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b4602111934011">extended</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b16521132304013">external</strong> items.)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p2747103415014">All <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1941218818438">storage</strong> values except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b162701416164314">plain</strong> imply that the functions of the data type can handle values that have been toasted. A given value merely determines the default <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b12954132174511">TOAST</strong> storage strategy for columns of a toastable data type. Users can choose other strategies for individual columns by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b555614694520">ALTER TABLE SET STORAGE</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li393411339441"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b85556285435">like_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p7555028144317">(Optional) Specifies the name of an existing data type that has the same representation as a new type. The values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b154899427494">internallength</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b32721644174918">passedbyvalue</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1564474554918">alignment</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b203964487493">storage</strong> are copied from this type, unless they are overridden by explicit specifications elsewhere in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1273311185010">CREATE TYPE</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p5363144813018">Specifying representation in this way is especially useful when the low-level implementation of a new type references an existing type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li8891338134413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b85557286436">category</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p135557284439">(Optional) Specifies the category code (a single ASCII character) for a type. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b105152024145417">U</strong> for a user-defined type. You can also choose other ASCII characters to create custom categories.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li52492411447"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b55556282430">preferred</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1755592811431">(Optional) Specifies whether a type is preferred within its type category. If it is, the value will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1367615121616">TRUE</strong>, else <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b6471914964">FALSE</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b57977422064">FALSE</strong>. Be cautious when creating a new preferred type within an existing type category because this could cause great changes in behavior.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__note1228123415312"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p52811434175310">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b696841110819">category</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b6429714587">preferred</strong> parameters can be used to help determine which implicit cast excels in ambiguous situations. Each data type belongs to a category named by a single ASCII character, and each type is either preferred or not within its category. If this rule is helpful in resolving overloaded functions or operators, the parser will prefer casting to preferred types (but only from other types within the same category). For types that have no implicit casts to or from any other types, it is sufficient to leave these parameters at their default values. However, for a group of types that have implicit casts, mark them all as belonging to a category and select one or two of the most general types as being preferred within the category. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1342894410163">category</strong> parameter is helpful in adding a user-defined type to an existing built-in category, such as the numeric or string type. However, you can also create new entirely-user-defined type categories. Select any ASCII character other than an uppercase letter to name such a category.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1639264514413"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1955522864312">default</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p85551428194318">(Optional) Specifies the default value for a data type. If this parameter is omitted, the default value will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b9341846102016">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p655515282438">A default value can be specified if you expect the columns of a data type to default to something other than the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b11725122162312">NULL</strong> value. You can also specify a default value using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b5633133412234">DEFAULT</strong> keyword. (Such a default value can be overridden by an explicit <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b43389579234">DEFAULT</strong> clause attached to a particular column.)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li61811248194416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b2555142812433">element</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1755532817432">(Optional) Specifies the type of an array element when an array type is created. For example, to define an array of 4-byte integers (int4), set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b11482183922613">ELEMENT</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b8910343122616">int4</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li1594575024415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b25556285433">delimiter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p195551728104310">(Optional) Specifies the delimiter character to be used between values in arrays made of a type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p12691551521"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b1274592622917">delimiter</strong> can be set to a specific character. The default delimiter is a comma (,). Note that a delimiter is associated with the array element type, instead of the array type itself.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li359415315441"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b655514284439">collatable</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p1255592814432">(Optional) Specifies whether a type's operations can use collation information. If they can, the value will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b13760181113212">TRUE</strong>, else <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b9263131314324">FALSE</strong> (default).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p35553284432">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b158511843153219">collatable</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b6808154633212">TRUE</strong>, column definitions and expressions of a type may carry collation information by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b133761873320">COLLATE</strong> clause. It is the implementations of functions operating on the type that actually use the collation information. This use cannot be achieved merely by marking the type collatable.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__li4750165872719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__b12181720142818">lable</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p65721214102813">(Optional) Specifies a text label associated with an enumerated value. It is a non-empty string of up to 64 characters.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__note4555228184315"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p16604183418102">Whenever a user-defined type is created, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__text671270565">GaussDB(DWS)</span> automatically creates an associated array type whose name consists of the element type name prepended with an underscore (_).</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__se738100ee09a4a1a87ac9d49fc7ab71c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p190468266">Example 1: Create a composite type, create a table, insert data, and make a query.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen126051528113917"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_compfoo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2_compfoo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'demo'</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2_compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_compfoo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_compfoo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2_compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p107246102613">Example 2: Create an enumeration type and use it in the table definition.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen1613474873120"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bugstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ENUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'create'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'modify'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'closed'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">current_bugstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bugstatus</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'type'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'create'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_bugstatus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'create'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p136184612263">Example 3: Compile a .so file and create the shell type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen169841263590"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p26446182612">This statement creates a placeholder for the type to be created, which can then be referenced when defining its I/O function. Now you can define an I/O function. Note that the function must be declared in NOT FENCED mode when it is created.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen16661830900"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cstring</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_out</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cstring</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_recv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">internal</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bytea</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMUTABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fenced</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p64046192619">Finally, provide a complete definition of the data type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen1912383612339"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">internallength</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex_in</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex_out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">receive</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex_recv</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">send</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex_send</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">alignment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p126613585303"></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__p118513821410">The C functions corresponding to the input, output, receive, and send functions are defined as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__screen164503353149"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span>
+<span class="normal">44</span>
+<span class="normal">45</span>
+<span class="normal">46</span>
+<span class="normal">47</span>
+<span class="normal">48</span>
+<span class="normal">49</span>
+<span class="normal">50</span>
+<span class="normal">51</span>
+<span class="normal">52</span>
+<span class="normal">53</span>
+<span class="normal">54</span>
+<span class="normal">55</span>
+<span class="normal">56</span>
+<span class="normal">57</span>
+<span class="normal">58</span>
+<span class="normal">59</span>
+<span class="normal">60</span>
+<span class="normal">61</span>
+<span class="normal">62</span>
+<span class="normal">63</span>
+<span class="normal">64</span>
+<span class="normal">65</span>
+<span class="normal">66</span>
+<span class="normal">67</span>
+<span class="normal">68</span>
+<span class="normal">69</span>
+<span class="normal">70</span>
+<span class="normal">71</span>
+<span class="normal">72</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Define a structure body Complex:</span>
+<span class="n">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Define an input function:</span>
+<span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex_in</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">Datum</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_ARGS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_GETARG_CSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">double</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sscanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot; ( %lf , %lf )&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ereport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errcode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">errmsg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;invalid input syntax for complex: \&quot;</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="err">\</span><span class="ss">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">)));</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">palloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PG_RETURN_POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Define an output function:</span>
+<span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex_out</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">Datum</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_out</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_ARGS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_GETARG_POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">palloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">snprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(%g,%g)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">PG_RETURN_CSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Define a receive function:</span>
+<span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex_recv</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">Datum</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_recv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_ARGS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StringInfo</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">StringInfo</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_GETARG_POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">palloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pq_getmsgfloat8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pq_getmsgfloat8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PG_RETURN_POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="c1">-- Define a send function:</span>
+<span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">complex_send</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="n">Datum</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">complex_send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PG_FUNCTION_ARGS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Complex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_GETARG_POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">StringInfoData</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">pq_begintypsend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">pq_sendfloat8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">pq_sendfloat8</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">complex</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pq_endtypsend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__s48ac24de248548f39fad81b5da52a512"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710819__a9a16e3e81293491a9da98c6f40f09b23"><a href="dws_06_0148.html">ALTER TYPE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0213.html">DROP TYPE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0186.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0186.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE USER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s5b655354cc4a468996b5ea5ccf96eef1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__p11128134817614"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b147693362328">CREATE USER</strong> creates a user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__sd16eb48466c14a57894886ee710120db"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__ul139412062717"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__li158017715272">A user created using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b1953864015326">CREATE USER</strong> statement has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b185431407323">LOGIN</strong> permission by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__li1618551411277">A schema named after the user is automatically created in the database where the statement is executed, but not in other databases. You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b104031243113216">CREATE SCHEMA</strong> statement to create such a schema for the user in other databases.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__li14941206273">The owner of an object created by a system administrator in a schema with the same name as a common user is the common user, not the system administrator.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__li204701769168">Users other than system administrators cannot create objects in a schema named after a user, unless the users are granted with the role permissions of that schema. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b1535318371359">After the all Permission Is Granted to the Schema of a User, the Error Message "ERROR: current user does not have privilege to role tom" Persists During Table Creation</strong> in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__i123536371514">Troubleshooting</em>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__sab6d6871adc14e79b0b3aeb1dc09527a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s6e38b11115cb4b51bdd562fc1d2be8c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNENCRYPTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__a08c057935829473396f08d21d4bfe389">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b81776492323">option</strong> clause is used for setting information including permissions and attributes.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s6f43fedf8f614913a96102537e10a6ae"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">SYSADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOSYSADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">AUDITADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOAUDITADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOCREATEDB</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">USEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOUSEFT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">CREATEROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOCREATEROLE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INHERIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINHERIT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">LOGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOLOGIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOREPLICATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">INDEPENDENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOINDEPENDENT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">VCADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOVCADMIN</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connlimit</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNTIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'respool'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'groupuser'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'tmpspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SPILL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'spillspacelimit'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logic_cluster_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SYSID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">profile_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PGUSER</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AUTHINFO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'authinfo'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXPIRATOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">period</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s17ea4f8187d34bb0966d2930fbe26d38"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameters</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__u83d8d8474d9d484dbeb66e30ef5074ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__le1db8114e75c46f68824d59e6eacf1f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__aa0b1225700114f9d899c964b8b92d72d">user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__aaf0a6a41636c49218442abe52c8b8600">Specifies the user name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__a8f278f7d919a4728ae8f52b8ff3c6609">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention. A value can contain a maximum of 63 characters.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__l617ebaf19e2a424a83f810cd95e93a66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__af19d59a4cbbe4d4d89566462086713c3">password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__a625dfcff15924ff79c8cb01de930748f">Specifies the login password.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__ac7935201542e45e9a7893c6ccf9fccaf">A password must:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__u0b2f37939a944651b53d8645cfb6019b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__l598e0431d3f34a37bcccdb24d40324f2">Contain at least eight characters. This is the default length.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__lde06605994c24424b75e51ef234e26bc">Differ from the user name or the user name spelled backwards.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__l2ccce0338b5248349d2367a075e8948a">Contains at least three of the following four character types: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and special characters, including: ~!@#$%^&amp;*()-_=+\|[{}];:,&lt;.&gt;/?. If you use characters other than the four types, a warning is displayed, but you can still create the password.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__l5c82b8dc06544b079e12fffef29037b0">Be enclosed by single or double quotation marks.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__a9ea28af1ae4f41d0b3d7489ca9bfbb21">Value range: a string</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__af8ae7db710cf4a6183ca2eb36978a0f9">For details on other parameters, see <a href="dws_06_0172.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710797__sd3fd937137c548e2ae142614383082aa">CREATE ROLE Parameter Description</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s09bff25d2b394d54b798e90da9d05741"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__p143301745192515">Create user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b111394475620">jim</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__screen12461355102919"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__p633034513253">The following statements are equivalent to the above.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__screen112613932912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__p732994592517">For a user having the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b1801777604059">Create Database</strong> permission, add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__b14659658514059">CREATEDB</strong> keyword.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__screen1373641922913"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATEDB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__s72b6a79261c247a0bd70247bdfa5da4d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510757__ab5a1cd48fb9d41f483d47e84410f176c"><a href="dws_06_0149.html">ALTER USER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0214.html">DROP USER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CREATE VIEW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__sb16e3bf84c414769a0f46edc6f00fba5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a3206dacd32a64272a917f625a5a17c74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b35122108171530">CREATE VIEW</strong> creates a view. A view is a virtual table, not a base table. A database only stores the definition of a view and does not store its data. The data is still stored in the original base table. If data in the base table changes, the data in the view changes accordingly. In this sense, a view is like a window through which users can know their interested data and data changes in the database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__s435bd30349fe494396ab4c64e1f53667"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a5aef5b3a030b423092ea315e70223935">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__s790ca3d258f44e9b9819ea435cd0741b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__sfec2a3142b66414ca49a8f48306ad9c1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">view_option_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_option_value</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__note14976111514243"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ul14693111715500"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li369410178509">You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b522251512013">WITH (security_barriers)</strong> to create a relatively secure view. This prevents attackers from printing hidden base table data by using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b162281158010">RAISE</strong> statement of low-cost functions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li119211319165019">When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b36041410010">view_independent</strong> GUC parameter is enabled, columns can be deleted from common views. Note that if a column-level constraint exists, the corresponding column cannot be deleted.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__s6868bec7da064a909ce22191f0768244"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ue26183ecff0645ac8644f93ceee36097"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l77288a7aa397435c93c55f8691710264"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a41a1c69b855d4da281c36dabb92a341b">OR REPLACE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ad7e4a6c18cee4009921ce4df59b9f1a3">Redefines a view if there is already a view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l7bda7d0b4ee14c0b9d8d87f2a564cf28"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a7be0be8d097547978a91932b6f31efb6">TEMP | TEMPORARY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a142a0915f127496e9f82cce0f925f7ae">Creates a temporary view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l523786edc9e348b69d219f4f08e4b509"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a0f441f5077fa404687217af85d12b98d">view_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ae7fed88ee15849d49c204d2d637bc4f9">Specifies the name of a view to be created. It is optionally schema-qualified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a1b83cf798b1942da93c2cfb067fe565d">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l88a672d0657f48c8a9ead1ee680e0775"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a5a09e97f56934ab8a802453723ddb98f">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a91edbc9928344a18938fbbf080cd0cac">Specifies an optional list of names to be used for columns of the view. If not given, the column names are deduced from the query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a175fba7c17354451a3fe5063bdfd1ed5">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l0a2b9a68004642c482932491f8d6814b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a53e6761485a5438fb268eb5f6f1c4efd">view_option_name [= view_option_value]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ab89f7b28745b464882defc55f4c995e0">This clause specifies optional parameters for a view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a973b1d8808b94471a74ad09ea963ba8c">Currently, the only parameter supported by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b842352706113540">view_option_name</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b214321866535746">security_barrier</strong>, which should be enabled when a view is intended to provide row-level security.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ae2362d1deeed47e68cf6dc81b19aa6dc">Value range: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__text10648144410810">boolean</span> type. It can be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b1174193811813">TRUE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b15741838986">FALSE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__l5fc74591d1f742229603be20f61fd1f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ae0b3c0f2874345f5a538ba6e974639b2">query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a5425d108cfb9427ca90b22503882d288">A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b411448241812">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b347591001812">VALUES</strong> statement which will provide the columns and rows of the view.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__note0281154433010"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p967012595308">CTE names cannot be duplicate when the view decoupling function is enabled. The following shows an example.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__screen6304175451819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tmp1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RECURSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aa</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bb</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__se738100ee09a4a1a87ac9d49fc7ab71c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p1636013120355">Create a view consisting of columns whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b156484938335746">spcname</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b47721750435746">pg_default</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__screen7156259163516"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myView</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_tablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spcname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pg_default'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p128071104315">Run the following command to redefine the existing view <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b1340810476528">myView</strong> and create a view consisting of columns whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b1340844775216">spcname</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b0408647125219">pg_global</strong>:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__screen1452543313335"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myView</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_tablespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spcname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'pg_global'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p4525104113719">Create a view consisting of rows with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b191423000835746">c_customer_sk</strong> smaller than 150.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__screen899212107372"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__section1164820210422"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Updatable Views</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p4653248164210">After the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b34791010743">enable_view_update</strong> parameter is enabled, simple views that meet all the following conditions can be updated using the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__ul9537263465"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li11648929427">The FROM clause in the view definition contains only one common table, which cannot be a system table, foreign table, DFS table, delta table, TOAST table, or error table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li448310361433">The view contains updatable columns, which are simple references to the updatable columns of the base table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li12841629124318">The view definition does not contain the WITH, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, FOR UPDATE, FOR SHARE, HAVING, TABLESAMPLE, LIMIT or OFFSET clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li1775842114317">The view definition does not contain the UNION, INTERSECT, or EXCEPT operation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li10199939124314">The selection list of the view definition does not contain aggregate functions, window functions, or functions that return collections.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li18442154814438">The view does not contain the trigger whose trigger occasion is INSTEAD OF.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li2622750144315">The view definition does not contain sublinks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li1572910528431">The view definition does not contain functions whose attribute is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__b11331202215403">VOLATILE</strong>. The values of such functions can be changed during a table scan.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li123913548438">The view definition does not set an alias for the column where the distribution key of the table resides, or name a common column as the distribution key column.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__li165362617467">When the RETURNING clause is used in the view update operation, columns in the view definition only come from the base table.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__p710021944816">If the definition of the updatable view contains a WHERE condition, the condition restricts the UPDATE and DELETE statements from modifying rows on the base table. If the WHERE condition is not met after the UPDATE statement is executed, the updated rows cannot be queried in the view. Similarly, If the WHERE condition is not met after the INSERT statement is executed, the inserted data cannot be queried in the view. To insert, update, or delete data in a view, you must have the corresponding permission on the view and tables.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__s48ac24de248548f39fad81b5da52a512"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910775__a9a16e3e81293491a9da98c6f40f09b23"><a href="dws_06_0150.html">ALTER VIEW</a> and <a href="dws_06_0215.html">DROP VIEW</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CURSOR</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__s93eb61ce9b1b439784e20f167bf1a57d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a7d87db8cb7bd4f1ebdcc81446a305385">CURSOR defines a cursor. This command retrieves few rows of data in a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a27e18591045748b8b82762655178a303">To process SQL statements, the stored procedure process assigns a memory segment to store context association. Cursors are handles or pointers to context regions. With cursors, stored procedures can control alterations in context regions.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__s9496bccd0ae04844b17f2b2fbe50e1f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__ul9971164772915"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__li17971114716295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__en-us_topic_0058965644_b24134109171832">CURSOR</strong> is used only in transaction blocks.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__li2252132319303">Generally, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b12932143115711">CURSOR</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b293214355717">SELECT</strong> both have text returns. Since data is stored in binary format in the system, the system needs to convert the data from the binary format to the text format. If data is returned in text format, the client-end application needs to convert the data back to a binary format for processing. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b141514315815">FETCH</strong> implements conversion between binary data and text data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__li7773508297">Use a binary cursor unless necessary, since a text cursor occupies larger storage space than a binary cursor. A binary cursor returns internal binary data, which is easier to operate. To return data in text format, it is advisable to retrieve data in text format, therefore reducing workload at the client end. For example, the value 1 in an integer column of a query is returned as a character string 1 if a default cursor is used, but is returned as a 4-byte binary value (big-endian) if a binary cursor is used.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__s967bec7d7e7648deb0db68eccc27d2e4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__sa77da8d338974af49daf706fc851cc81"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BINARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCROLL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HOLD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__se45abbdc0fad4dfe8f55783168245ed3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__u8938a5f81d304af89d920794d34f085c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l171094acc21142e59b03220b52d4a40a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a088145cd5aab480da1dd06b04060dd0b">cursor_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__ac88e0e4917554a3eb74cf02da5c3677c">Specifies the name of a cursor to be created.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a682ce8e60a2b4fca838c3e8b519bde1a">Value range: Its value must comply with the database naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__lee767812ed87457c9bf67d793e9a6fd0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a1d54c3647e3044c78eac93f8f25db1ef">BINARY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a9409de239b52474f9049f8be79a2250b">Specifies that data retrieved by the cursor will be returned in binary format, not in text format.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l77be8068a9714db095e9d8307b57f2a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__ac8ed48a1bf194b86bf7fbce0e000763e">NO SCROLL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__aa2c4efbcc4b748b282177ed20d8f1be6">Specifies the mode of data retrieval by the cursor.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__ucc62a538be8148d3a7252607861a1960"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l76ece1e6aa1a4ce3b60111f966a40936">NO SCROLL: If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b143200265289">NO SCROLL</strong> is specified, backward fetches will be rejected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l768cbcf7289d4906a57af7a1dd0e19ab">Not stated: The system automatically determines whether the cursor can be used for backward fetches based on the execution plan.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__lae0f37dcf2f2494d910eb3aeb8467ab7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a51bc7f36590b496f8a6b1b32bd776d56">WITH HOLD | WITHOUT HOLD</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a3bde1da836074727b3ae6cc8b700450a">Specifies whether the cursor can still be used after the cursor creation event. </p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__u5ac37ad7825c4bf6817dfc0a034f45db"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__le6affee6f07542568c35ee356f1f14b2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b842352706191710">WITH HOLD</strong> indicates that the cursor can still be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l3580a5266b854424a6682fbdac7fcbe8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b842352706191734">WITHOUT HOLD</strong> indicates that the cursor cannot be used. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l5db2c262d1d54ef1b86be66af082758a">If neither <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b842352706191811">WITH HOLD</strong> nor <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b842352706191824">WITHOUT HOLD</strong> is specified, the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b842352706191854">WITHOUT HOLD</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__l9eacbcb873c34093828c8b5239cd2d31"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a0900c27d6eba48819f79b9079d511555">query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__aebeb3944853a418997b3a173e6a743b1">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b123261426142810">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b1932602612285">VALUES</strong> clause specifies the row to return the cursor value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__a53726757d23349c886cf3427a03268fa">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b40274629173148">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__b41019479173148">VALUES</strong> clause</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__s5d3f4cbf2aa94b6ca954fc48310d38f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p539211618379">Set up the cursor1 cursor.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen586172523715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p639231643715">Set up the cursor cursor2.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen15229183118376"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p19383184720134">An example of using the WITH HOLD cursor is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p20685315137">Start a transaction.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen47862316146"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p8392161620374">Set up a WITH HOLD cursor.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen16511337183715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HOLD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p184571437111416">Fetch the first two rows from cursor3.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen467112661511"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------+------------+---------------+---------------+----------------------</span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jackson</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Parkway</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">280</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fairfield</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Maricopa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AZ</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">86192</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condo</span><span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">362</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Washington</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="n">th</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RD</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fairview</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Taos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NM</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">85709</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condo</span><span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p44577376143">End the transaction.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen3399174191515"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p14458737171419">Fetch the next row from cursor3.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen11544058161"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------+------------+---------------+---------------+----------------------</span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">585</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Dogwood</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Washington</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Circle</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Q</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pleasant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Valley</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">York</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PA</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12477</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">single</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">family</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__p144581437121414">Close a cursor.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__screen1640841915160"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CLOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__s921fcf4824864fc6ac25b4cb01495d29"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830898__aa3f97a0960e74cee83d32e59e7572d2e"><a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0189.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0189.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..557327c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0189.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP DATABASE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s697aa3df92a44c0d8e0500f4e44517a0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__aba3e4df8aa944a77b7df8aeaa5dcfa4d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b6195187085843">DROP DATABASE</strong> deletes a database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s90d714726f90480d9686a860c140abc6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__u74efbb14ede84d67998c0622e5c10f52"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__l8d289dd959b14e0b9f6441029a4cdcb9">Only the owner of a database or a system administrator has the permission to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b842352706153144">DROP DATABASE</strong> command. </li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__la937071daf234601800c9ff3797a3b95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b2093261785843">DROP DATABASE</strong> does not take effect for the three preinstalled system databases (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b61624540232"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b15162165414234"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__text394662671816">gaussdb</span></strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b1782042785843">TEMPLATE0</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b2616612285843">TEMPLATE1</strong>) because they are protected. To check databases in the current service, run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0058965699_b3416850685843">\l</strong> command of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b842352706103428">gsql</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__l18382c74f96d4a64b3bfff3a78b11b09">This command cannot be run while the database to be deleted is associated with a user. You can check the current database connections in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b1618559785843">v$session</strong> view.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__l6c9cf38314864f6f93308eae010e665d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b3596498985843">DROP DATABASE</strong> cannot be run inside a transaction block.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__lfe02e2b5f2cb49e398292bfb7ef0c2ee">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b84235270612413">DROP DATABASE</strong> fails to be run and is rolled back, run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__en-us_topic_0085033012_b842352706124125">DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__li11814553124819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b3586104020343">DROP DATABASE</strong> cannot be undone.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__li1570819591185">If a "database is being accessed by other users" error is displayed when you run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b3673104293410">DROP DATABASE</strong>, it might be that threads cannot respond to signals in a timely manner during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b12674154273416">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> process. As a result, connections are not completely cleared. In this case, you need to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b1167464215347">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> again.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s7d32ead441b24238bab5dc867d4447ab"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__sc6c4df2a62bf4dae87cb08ea290cb366"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s707395a6e9654c799e7cfca146acedbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__u38dbfcc927574131bb9558b593175b75"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__l76c9ab68ef47481cbe3d66f01a084a46"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__ac0e9e72573634aad86d996c5f0bfd613">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__aadcbc68db8fe439c9eca3712be81a2cf">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified database does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__l9133852aa4df4cde9cfe07d90251bb56"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__a073d4392fd9f47f786f2b4f1995b218e">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__a21a3999031954de5958d84c80a2cf140">Specifies the name of the database to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__af5ded341c06f43768408f8b49e656946">Value range: A string indicating an existing database name.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s978b01ce04e145bcb72aa8ab2ea66785"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__p05071418572">Delete the database named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__b016918586287">music</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__screen33572055467"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">music</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__s416517273dbc45888af2e7ed91ad3941"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510919__a8b0f755fa0f34d76b9af700c40befe65"><a href="dws_06_0156.html">CREATE DATABASE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0120.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0192.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0192.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b168ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0192.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__scbdfabf1160f4ecda032220eb37b2a31"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__ac08c96ad38884f26a81ec7128f413e4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__b461094329394">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</strong> deletes a specified foreign table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s0d251591b57b48de9438cf4fa13ca625"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__a95998019848944b89f049ed1c8bb1a79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__b643393659394">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</strong> forcibly deletes a specified table. After a table is deleted, any indexes that exist for the table will be deleted. The functions and stored procedures used in this table cannot be run.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s0ee3b55b618542fe87fc7d5ad1d03250"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s25097ab9872c4b858f38d878bf21d8f2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__seef5e7aa3440479d91aca927bc2e2d17"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__u7f6e176881bb4aab8cd7e0e24c3e276d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__l9cdf5ec1d80042a98c593fd50a509805"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__aee7ae9966eeb426fa93363d95f097b53">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__ab7715606f8a94300b192c612b6084aec">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified table does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__l2d79a020013c47e7a356ecb049e165c8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__a5d0028bfa4094a669ddfe64a89ac2f98">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__a7134b7ebc8a24e2d9bbef94de5b02edf">Specifies the name of the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__adba6d349573740e7961df390b2019d69">Value range: An existing table name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__ld4c61c0e63734886b85f88afdf687544"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__a423b87ba2f6a41449f3d44ee9969b91e">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__ud3ca57d4426949f5b63359f1dcadfcc2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__lf148afc35d58463a8df5b96f0899de10"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__en-us_topic_0058965805_b842352706195927">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes all objects (such as views) that depend on the table to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__l0bee9dc8fefe4ae195d6a3de5ee4d89a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__b84235270612468">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the table if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s68b9b0b931f84ae8a8664f43b229d393"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__p3761317182714">Delete the foreign table named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__b641922212332">customer_ft</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s015c8b1268f64a8bbeab76daabd0060c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_ft</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__s7b93f0e8ec89459fac83c12e6b6afa4f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510879__ab8962ad212cf4b309efb174c8a5cc8c2"><a href="dws_06_0123.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0124.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE (for HDFS or OBS)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0159.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (for GDS Import and Export)</a>, <a href="dws_06_0161.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE (SQL on OBS or Hadoop)</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0193.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0193.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd865cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0193.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP FUNCTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__sc5864afbaebc45009579a9b703ffe446"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a6f6d91c3b7b44822891b8789e35171e2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__b246380349438">DROP FUNCTION</strong> deletes an existing function.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__sc24f0f47486143ee96264a977a17c1ba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a38d3ee049e7147f9a9c084e88752c13c">If a function involves operations on temporary tables, the function cannot be deleted by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__b571824944218">DROP FUNCTION</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__s547bbada4c304ce983cc3503613b5ad1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__s8ccde0847c3a42c6950767fe87e4de24"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argtype</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__sfc3a903547b5434aae0953a42de51abe"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__u88ddf0dcad9640c199020e18ba905595"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l4ca316354c624a839c04044aea30de89"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a9787634f7e604930b0e78ef78087757a">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a53305717b6d541d7811ef1b7dff6e94a">Sends a notice instead of an error if the function does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l082300b7bb6b4e79a76d8bd7f643035d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a516a38131f3f49d8b07047abf0bef948">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a4de8c07069ed4eee901177c3277fe5e0">Specifies the name of the function to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a51bee8d013454f71b7bb31b488b7541c">Value range: An existing function name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l85b2b916d6bf44c682978b9b8d740ade"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a648a0d0104e44a0d8ee391fcd9209f9b">argmode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__aae7badf2456b4f87a059949427c5bb2a">Specifies the mode of a function parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l34daa38b87ba4aac949e65494ec9d232"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__ab64a5e00f0904088a26845fbe3714afa">argname</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a596811e71ec446449a11248addd24a33">Specifies the name of a function parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l5fa7165b2d9c49c786dd81879cb44b4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a4950440fbfaf4527947ddeafc81a68eb">argtype</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a0a39bb80afbf4b438b96c8ddb09768bd">Specifies the data types of a function parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l6b6c3aade1224e37a40810d60be41e23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a2e315073a2e741d9a7a147444eb41c90">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__u29493d9969a74d27a9fa4fa02bd43d79"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l8cca1315a4d4416aab3c651a7b28eebb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__b842352706124820">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes all objects that depend on the function to be deleted (such as operators).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__l13ee64cf2e8f40b0a971bb80ee06aa2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__b842352706124830">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the function if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__saa7b8584a6444344b52006b668c5223c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__p1948144914415">Delete a function named <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__b121065348338">add_two_number</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__screen173549324443"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_two_number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__s63cfe3eb965049f7873eb77b5af03d5c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830834__a44157e88dc674ab695b299712e0bd650"><a href="dws_06_0126.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0163.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0194.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0194.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3591f2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0194.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP GROUP</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__s464ec46edead475e9ebbbc781d1a0a12"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__a881a7f79d0924baf8f3feecec869d87e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b842352706124910">DROP GROUP</strong> deletes a user group.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__ac40c17129d1a448983b5e6ccd0461910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b842352706124921">DROP GROUP</strong> is the alias for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b842352706124928">DROP ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__s18ee82762acd4d6ba9df414e95af2eda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__a3856e7d8243f4ebaa5208aeee6e843de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b842352706104438">DROP GROUP</strong> is the internal interface encapsulated in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b8423527061117">gs_om</strong> tool. You are not advised to use this interface, because doing so affects the cluster.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__sc0b1c41a1f7c4ee1abdcb0ee1d5bbe6f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__s24e9400b663a4a25b33d5012d6055350"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__s1ffb69a98b554717a5fc251840246c5c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__a417e82d6b414495b96575b33c0a52528">See <a href="dws_06_0203.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s3ff92f5089cb4291b96221b5f2b85e18">Examples</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__b842352706174610">DROP ROLE</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__s973bd496e458495b8c439f50df5f6c32"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910871__add909b981e7b4fbcb42214a5d314d7b4"><a href="dws_06_0164.html">CREATE GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0127.html">ALTER GROUP</a>, <a href="dws_06_0203.html">DROP ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0195.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0195.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66a3bf1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0195.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP INDEX</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__sf9f6ca2c092e4deeaf97e42ac59a5b1d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__a8a043063e75e4c12b1a81f4e83e82dc5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__b842352706175534">DROP INDEX</strong> deletes an index.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__s4c4e83681b334aad9ecedd4cb1b34fcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__a137450f16cd141f19445b0b850530d82">Only the owner of an index or a system administrator can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__b842352706175926">DROP INDEX</strong> command.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__sd8b12fdfb0064165a69836a2505808d2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__s0025e4b279e44cee94c8b5f840b264cf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__s4724784f2f48418aac36ecc1a821c9ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__u5222f9dd8fa74aabba5fbc4443040125"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__l15cafdea3ee74c1395a51e2f58032382"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__afc6b78aaa37e4943a70aae191b04aec0">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__a9d48275234494b93876756f7536bd4af">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified index does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__l9632328a6be7460398ddcf976818e369"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__ac5b042613cfa4514bc9936e02a739439">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__a031ddd0db01e4185a656b99dba1f2fc5">Specifies the name of the index to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__ad035afa698da4dcea0f5f194167577ff">Value range: An existing index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__lb97b27595ee24f279ca04843bdb6fc8a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__a894405099a394c488f627c5d32729f5f">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__u448e5c87cc3943c092133ea49a0903a9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__l135475f954b9442aa30fa6e9e037fc5a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__b944489017124">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes all objects that depend on the index to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__l24d6876eff634c78ab1baf6f21fef890"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__b2644398317124">RESTRICT</strong> (default): refuses to delete the index if any objects depend on it.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__sfd7c747597194b288d053bcdba1444bf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__p158593101582">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__b1258434516336">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</strong> index.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__screen66325466715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ds_ship_mode_t1_index2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__safdd24b5540a4595919e605a8d3968a7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510939__acc6f6a3d20a24d69afcc420714933117"><a href="dws_06_0128.html">ALTER INDEX</a>, <a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0198.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0198.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87a6905e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0198.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP OWNED</h1>
+<div id="body0000001092693316"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_sa3265773225d4612b9bafd61c332eae0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__p1216810256479"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__b84235270613251">DROP OWNED</strong> deletes the database objects of a database role.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_s59f5b59d381a4bfcb473a04864354fe1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_abbf0493aecdc4e3387d7d41e3a3de0fa">The role's permissions on all the database objects in the current database and shared objects (databases and tablespaces) are revoked.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_s012e6785112742ba8b96d4f6b448a178"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_seb4d9c4e044c4e5199cc4c75cd3a2f34"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_s5e20663187d9497f800eddc8ed555802"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_uc564b0599a1b438abf1497fb6be4edcb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_l6d9ffb14b75d4288994007d608592af7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_a80317d30d9384379ac7cf47b38417fab">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_a17106e9f3b544a85bdfa2b5ed821b060">Name of the role whose objects are to be deleted and whose permissions are to be revoked.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_l0d20e88663f34b27bf89778ef0227cbd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_aff578a287a324063bad5953a9bb4bc23">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_uf532353d8bc94d3a87abe451d0afa556"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_l516828d20209482c9d9986e0ddfbbbda"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__b84235270613556">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes objects that depend on the affected objects.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__en-us_topic_0059777620_l4042e1e25b334494a094714a4a20c2bf"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710611__b84235270613715">RESTRICT</strong> (default): refuses to delete the objects if any other database objects depend on one of the affected objects.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0199.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0199.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..227c44c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0199.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP REDACTION POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body0000001125341243"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__se1c3f486ddc249bf88a6665ebb1755f8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__a2252e8d6585640c2a961739f92bab925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__b858012919223">DROP REDACTION POLICY</strong> deletes a data redaction policy applied to a specified table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__s45e5bcb791ea44aea14d5f73d6f0f95c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__ab968098694574d398abccd639f568bbf">Only the table owner has the permission to delete a data redaction policy.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__sb962574e3aca4aa293b4b146573d5cda"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__s5d9fde3fca18406caf398a9d37601b16"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__section328515545337"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__ul32866549339"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__li939247153610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__b11578347173717">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__p121808568362">Sends a notice instead of throwing an error if the redaction policy to be deleted does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__lfde7b0ce8c3c4a5db0f3b2fc758835d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__b06182259366">policy_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__p1012964212371">Specifies the name of a redaction policy.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__li882632993612"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__b02376504372">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__p137916147382">Specifies the name of the table to which the redaction policy is applied.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__section1614144915295"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__p1494919596309">Delete a data masking policy.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__screen15581153514369"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mask_emp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710653__p9325125517354"><a href="dws_06_0132.html">ALTER REDACTION POLICY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0168.html">CREATE REDACTION POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0200.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0200.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fa1f41d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0200.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section196521854173211"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p48721529133312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__b1698475112336">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</strong> deletes a row-level access control policy from a table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section12765201893310"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p4506162315333">Only the table owner or administrators can delete a row-level access control policy from the table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section16798192723415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__s41f7dd9f6e7d401d8a77fabc277ea795"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SECURITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POLICY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">policy_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section11851526346"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__u0253e6707d0040cfa2d8a707245ffb57"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__l0da3310c170847d28152e26b826e4ab7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__a0362f9ab21be4191a23f094a52d084e9">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__ab6e440e0c3854d4fad145b5fe204047c">Reports a notice instead of an error if the specified row-level access control policy does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__l65b86ebcc0f846fa93f3d085c29bf302"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__i184001310368">policy_name</em><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__acd248198d34c4bc8aacb47f139ffbf46">Specifies the name of a row-level access control policy to be deleted.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__ul21438814291"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__li1814414812914"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__i598951513816">table_name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p1060794462913">Specifies the name of a table to which a row-level access control policy is applied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__li6819104233611">CASCADE/RESTRICT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p1282010427368"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__li6819104233611"></a><a name="li6819104233611"></a>The two parameters are used only for syntax compatibility. No objects depend on access control policies and thereby <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__b646833118127">CASCADE</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__b15338746191210">RESTRICT</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section17979101023515"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p9939331174916">Delete the row-level access control policy.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__screen1351256115018">DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY all_data_rls ON all_data;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__section1426016489355"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510973__p1276010811510"><a href="dws_06_0135.html">ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0169.html">CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0201.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0201.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af5f630f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0201.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP PROCEDURE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__s6bce49c7db1f4c7790a0267abed14241"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__a02b65e35c5964b1a870a9d3972d8acde"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__b84235270691528">DROP PROCEDURE</strong> deletes an existing stored procedure.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__s0622522097764c5ebe19cb4057e23b47"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__adf5e0129f3004c37b1f86c9ba14f80e6">None.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__s82ace2fc16d8419ab404f4cfcdb4a248"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__sc3f013d192bc473c87115f73aed26e66"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">procedure_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__s0e85d7dd92c2429e906194baee1717e1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__u0253e6707d0040cfa2d8a707245ffb57"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__l0da3310c170847d28152e26b826e4ab7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__a0362f9ab21be4191a23f094a52d084e9">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__ab6e440e0c3854d4fad145b5fe204047c">Sends a notice instead of an error if the stored procedure does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__l65b86ebcc0f846fa93f3d085c29bf302"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__afbf18e72873f493d8ad3932da388e9ef">procedure_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__acd248198d34c4bc8aacb47f139ffbf46">Specifies the name of the stored procedure to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__a6e6f8c5410c54f3192a98e0d2ead826f">Value range: An existing stored procedure name.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__se29f6077a84b4df8929670e732ede505"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__p15944153791411">Delete a stored procedure.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__screen19258151141"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prc_add</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__s94641459fccd4beabd71f79fcbe74a5b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710623__a70b1bb7a6f8441ea87df592e6f5976b4"><a href="dws_06_0170.html">CREATE PROCEDURE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0202.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0202.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73c0381b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0202.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP RESOURCE POOL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__sbab8622170da420ca3fef8ed6d6ec6c1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a9ee718fa615541feb08cda3d2d00335f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__b842352706194238">DROP RESOURCE POOL</strong> deletes a resource pool.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__ne293338bfada4a8786b1d7ca4d1d8784"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a254d2273b84a43f7bffa6709dc18dbfd">The resource pool cannot be deleted if it is associated with a role.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__s90e34341042b4374b2364f482e1203f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a6b5078889f314876a12c5d55c444e36c">The user must have the DROP permission in order to delete a resource pool.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__s6287354178bb4bdf822f040e915b981c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__sdab6baa69b4b48b58bd0d7b48087f74b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RESOURCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">POOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pool_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__sa49a51ff1c524b79a2e2587702def900"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__u63ec5ab30f6a46cc8ec6dca957f96674"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__l851ae20713b14f009a8fdc6615b081cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a38bc12c221be40f39ced01f097b1ab0a">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__ae3c14d03586f4454967edac44cb8e98b">Sends a notice instead of an error if the stored procedure does not exist. </p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__u4e7a4a3b60524b099e6800171fed6c33"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__ld348e6e53a0a4797b5f93309d6ade4ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a0f239e3d055b416c9ea1356936494710">pool_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a536f0f2bfe9c4542a5c346ac85fa7e1d">Specifies the name of a created resource pool.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a935a03b4b0bc4625845aa956932fd111">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__ned7a72a777d94b369e090b514e5a0722"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a2d9dda24f77d44aea55efbc2b47f289c"> A resource pool can be independently deleted only when it is not associated with any users.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__se869251faa694e3591ee5ef8c3428d75"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__p151191135151119">Delete a resource pool.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__screen664734318111">DROP RESOURCE POOL pool1;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__s7416b65b6ca642c5951a7ff49a7af4cd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830780__a583aad7b113b4f019bf7fdebb8f4953d"><a href="dws_06_0133.html">ALTER RESOURCE POOL</a>, <a href="dws_06_0171.html">CREATE RESOURCE POOL</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0203.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0203.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb0205ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0203.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP ROLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s0cf33e9e81ad4a55bc374584360f99ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__a1bafbcef025b47f88d2406312b5a8bfe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__b1471014792710">DROP ROLE</strong> deletes a specified role.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s5e76ce64505846cbb56b42b37faeca5e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__p1985208155111">If a "role is being used by other users" error is displayed when you run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__b235513292532">DROP ROLE</strong>, it might be that threads cannot respond to signals in a timely manner during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__b835832919532">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> process. As a result, connections are not completely cleared. In this case, you need to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__b635882912536">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> again.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s3fbb95f781ed42acb5236a4c1e5be0d5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s1aa4e68f1bdf4b2aa892007368ebf509"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s56aa378dd3884fe5b99b87329c9e93c2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__u3daddc2d46374556939d09212de6b4d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__l1b8e6e614db44d08ae1b36c20cb9f299"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__a0016f57f75fa481ca4659fcd41475102">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__a34d402b33e6144988881eb5fb0a6579c">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified role does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__l0c3efc68b0ec48688fd5a95e55140ec8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__abbc7be11f9b049e79a42da42bcb053fa">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__a261545591087437a8f510f03e7ce5b85">Specifies the name of the role to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__afdbc13e88951409388bb8a728c5a4f16">Value range: An existing role.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s3ff92f5089cb4291b96221b5f2b85e18"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s3ff92f5089cb4291b96221b5f2b85e18"></a><a name="s3ff92f5089cb4291b96221b5f2b85e18"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__p198699489486">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__b2163816044117">manager</strong> role.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__screen797019439141"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__s8051aef9a3ca40258246e8ef62680ff9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510617__a946c4f9ce2be427e839757ed56a8781a"><a href="dws_06_0172.html">CREATE ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0134.html">ALTER ROLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0222.html">SET ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0204.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0204.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f424412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0204.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP SCHEMA</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__sd9cce01767634d859a2812aa716cc926"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__ae5579d7851244a4c94e4f9820d6199a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__b84235270694532">DROP SCHEMA</strong> deletes a schema in a database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__s0243b556f698484e9e2eb9d414274203"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a9c8b1eb99a8d4ab58c8e8ede74ef9230">Only a schema owner or a system administrator can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__b84235270695334">DROP SCHEMA</strong> command.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__se5314fab51384bbf84cdede70c33e797"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__sc9988e8b24a441ee9a5cecee8e581464"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__s594063b1d7594b30b3f414d2f4987c80"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__u885b796d936542dea950ade97878c347"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__l2a75bc5c87d246209b9d053c81fdf28d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a99d9abecf7294e78aa399c88f72f8310">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__afa821e84f7eb4c8e9c3d1631103b1ff4">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified schema does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__l729ec35f243a413096a572d0b57b1940"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a679f0bea00b94f54b248c6414fa84423">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a33509743c89243a3843fc6ffbff37e22">Specifies the name of a schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a86d467a7343f40c19c54ef1ad1397655">Value range: An existing schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__lbf0cc66764bf496da5e8b825c85ddac0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__a4d156c5017614b96a48ec0e2bce7e8b0">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__u42dcc1249c74494bb0b258b1e5f32bef"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__lb98a64f0ae08492aa1ffeb59a177a1ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__en-us_topic_0058965787_b842352706195636">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes all objects that are contained in the schema to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__led3e17d8ca6d4c2c86152540a5291341"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__en-us_topic_0058965787_b842352706195646">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the schema that contains any objects. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__ndf5bd8fe41d54c4ca55a736e9c1910b1"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__ad1bc5e57edd2465190c93328dc258b2e">Do not delete the schemas with the beginning of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__b842352706195358">pg_temp</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__b84235270619543">pg_toast_temp</strong>. They are internal system schemas, and deleting them may cause unexpected errors.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__nfaa0692934294a20bfa2a939fedc0811"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__ae91a5bb5407f489e8396bf1a7fc6330f">A user cannot delete the schema in use. To delete the schema in use, switch to another schema.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__s45876b9c4f8343b08a05c469d97a0cd0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__p1571613413369">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__b137341354163714">ds_new</strong> schema.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__screen334517452493">DROP SCHEMA ds_new;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__p1583082515499"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__s737fbcda683644dd8eea29954b8ef3ea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830616__ad8b7aaa2f4ca424b898da45067a7fbb6"><a href="dws_06_0136.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a>, <a href="dws_06_0173.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0205.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0205.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0771ae52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0205.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP SEQUENCE</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960800"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__s7dd20c9b0a334b13a7608e4903f96798"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__adf7229d5e2214b4588ff2828909c0192"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__b842352706101223">DROP SEQUENCE</strong> deletes a sequence from the current database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__sdd7209cebe324b6cb708eeaae2ba2b22"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a857aca2ea52f428c85812c82e77036e5">Only a sequence owner or a system administrator can delete a sequence.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__sdb11892dbbf04adfae50a76a5a6b1a05"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__sdf16a297d3c842988380a7009ed3f9d9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="n">sequence_name</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__s8f99d57e30a24c10bd0924879dafa9d1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__ua507a28d182f475ea943d82f548690cd"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__l830b1294728c42f4ba248be37b969fc0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__en-us_topic_0059778402_b692624943414">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a802e9375944e4395888aafde9c94ca36">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified sequence does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__lc1b9c523b25846c6ac92213ac20acdd5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a898a8468d4a740c5b2396f6e10f6c420">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a502f759343e3462d866716eef0c7cf84">Specifies the name of the sequence.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__l63ae361e37b54f759784bf593e19a231"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__afdba785bd993440181d2049f7f6f257e">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a8caa6e7ecb83473fb226528528672552">Automatically deletes objects that depend on the sequence to be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__en-us_topic_0059778402_li79268495341"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__en-us_topic_0059778402_b789012440387">RESTRICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__ae4d5c2daf9e642b0998dadca4db30210">Refuses to delete the sequence if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__sc0d5efe84f2347028f38832257efe89d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__p277184584">Delete the sequence.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__screen351731075917"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__s1af184a28a2f43c7804310d4c6a74645"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671062__a25be806ba5b04c278a619d104fade327"><a href="dws_06_0174.html">CREATE SEQUENCE</a>  <a href="dws_06_0137.html">ALTER SEQUENCE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0206.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0206.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26db102d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0206.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP SERVER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__sac43a36fc4584291b3f982cffd2f1c5e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__ae645c03d9891404f903f7a2ea4a9d088"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__en-us_topic_0058965555_b1174566953131248">DROP SERVER</strong> deletes an existing data server.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__s2a8623a1da274962ae7221e730ff8bd2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__af6d5285915f540a38ba39e3ee874716e">Only the server owner can delete a server.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__s14f36ca21e0f4a0ebd90747b4903ece2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__s9702919e7d04498c88c3542d8cb6f993"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__sb96797285efa4317bf1f090d0cb04672"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__u8d9591caae194f5b80e772af8b17247d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__l61d605616c7f495194e2040e36658748"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__ab4a55f5667bb41658efa9906f50d8cd9">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__adc0273b48e0142548f2a590858922b14">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified table does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__l267554a634254d809274332f29e0915c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__a84d9b56300fa4f66b2f7093275f85dd8">server_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__a00df00756d984fa98d0a772156109c7f">Specifies the name of a server.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__ldcf79934b5ea4d7888ea69264f09e16e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__ad2fe95eed42e431784545d917460d8c0">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__u3b5c207f85204cc3880cf22cbf83a1b7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__l03d25d81309a42138d338f052ba37f54"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__en-us_topic_0040045374_b842352706101851">CASCADE</strong>: automatically drops objects that depend on the server to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__la033d770f818471e97bdcc1fd1328fa6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__en-us_topic_0040045374_b842352706101857">RESTRICT</strong> (default): refuses to delete the server if any objects depend on it.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__sd68189bed9bf4e719c7df1a3559fdb6d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__p26799271074">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__b4201669614010">hdfs_server</strong> server.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__screen9112184519618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hdfs_server</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__sbfbbf8a8078b495b9e4ed3a459a7fc37"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510871__abac143991a694bcb8ac1f177fb0babac"><a href="dws_06_0175.html">CREATE SERVER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0138.html">ALTER SERVER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0207.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0207.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f41da07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0207.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP SYNONYM</h1>
+<div id="body1578896975701"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__sac43a36fc4584291b3f982cffd2f1c5e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__ae645c03d9891404f903f7a2ea4a9d088"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__b1029719305198">DROP SYNONYM</strong> is used to delete a synonym object.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__s2a8623a1da274962ae7221e730ff8bd2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__af6d5285915f540a38ba39e3ee874716e">Only a synonym owner or a system administrator can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__b1221615563222">DROP SYNONYM</strong> command.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__s14f36ca21e0f4a0ebd90747b4903ece2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__s9702919e7d04498c88c3542d8cb6f993"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">synonym_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__sb96797285efa4317bf1f090d0cb04672"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__u8d9591caae194f5b80e772af8b17247d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__l61d605616c7f495194e2040e36658748"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__ab4a55f5667bb41658efa9906f50d8cd9">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__adc0273b48e0142548f2a590858922b14">Send a notice instead of reporting an error if the specified synonym does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__l267554a634254d809274332f29e0915c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__b5588643124611">synonym_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__a00df00756d984fa98d0a772156109c7f">Name of a synonym (optionally with schema names)</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__l989e0a8054084ca298c3ace6caf0a0e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__a34a807925f7149dabb660fa7b1691267">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__u8eb465a4e4954c04af52880c8d9012b8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__l0aa57a277f334462bd49a59b13e64000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__en-us_topic_0058965805_b842352706195927">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes objects (such as views) that depend on the synonym to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__l3fe8d9d9a85b49899dd42530dfeffcf5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__b84235270693358">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the synonym if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__sd68189bed9bf4e719c7df1a3559fdb6d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__p138952231742">Delete a synonym.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__screen126171817419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYNONYM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__sbfbbf8a8078b495b9e4ed3a459a7fc37"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830708__abac143991a694bcb8ac1f177fb0babac"><a href="dws_06_0140.html">ALTER SYNONYM</a> and <a href="dws_06_0176.html">CREATE SYNONYM</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0208.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0208.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9c81c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0208.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TABLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s04633346cf72456db074e61b993fa111"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__ab4165269429f4f0bb6373d4e25c9a243"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__b461094329394">DROP TABLE</strong> deletes a specified table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s30443e07b9934ae886f7a218b92b8d6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__ul11297156166"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__li4754134232111">Only the table owner, schema owner, and system administrator have the permission to delete a table. To delete all the rows in a table but retain the table definition, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__b19210204012533">TRUNCATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__b448915414535">DELETE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__li193912161779"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__b1988284314532">DROP TABLE</strong> forcibly deletes a specified table. After a table is deleted, any indexes that exist for the table will be deleted; any functions or stored procedures that use this table cannot be run. Deleting a partitioned table also deletes all partitions in the table.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s75899e6bac48419885f6deeaa11a13bf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s1e8b545cb6894f7e8496416bb64b07c5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s6e75d841c4ee49bda8ae5f2783d347e3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__u3ca9d6cc3d564718bbd87186cf69ec15"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l3568ac8a50794739a7766b4110864c55"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__ad1fa59e549fb47b4b81a5f5733a9516d">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__a8641d5a28c2c477e952015c6e041e7cc">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified table does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l92219c9c05f24f8eb04775c02ef21085"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__aa85b55aa38524776bd9fe61c99188bf5">schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__a29e67b8a6e894b21b3e52a3e5841b844">Specifies the schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l60c4c96892784f729249d114f1fa5808"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__af37618ba12b542bd8bb42f2d4546a57e">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__a03953ad2ba284c83a845a2d7bec34352">Specifies the name of the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l7aa1ae30df5e44a6b54502eb98347c59"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__a95371b22572f432ba5d5ad52493dbba0">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__ub6ff53fcc6bd46e2afc8dbb19728e2c2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l3ac67876cd694b03819e44bc860af15b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__en-us_topic_0058965805_b842352706195927">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes objects (such as views) that depend on the table to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__l653944b58bb34bc4822f083f611eb981"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__en-us_topic_0058965805_b842352706101857">RESTRICT</strong> (default): refuses to delete the table if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s637909d8772b49a6a931a80f9b96c4b3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__p1811511841420">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__b1443293953817">warehouse_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__screen107382102912"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__s027896f3fed6449595011f915ba6ea23"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990682__a663c6981f3ef4d208bff844de1c173ff"><a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0177.html">CREATE TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0210.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0210.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dea27d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0210.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__sc24ee76b811f4d149a699d6b09e0e4b5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a779bf96411694431bffaebc1b3845087"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__b1141865387131619">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong> deletes an existing text search configuration.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__sea00668d483f43ee99ef833bffd87eed"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__p177121419165516">To run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__b11121436163914">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</strong> command, you must be the owner of the text search configuration.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__s2ed4f15c75654c7eb753d64c6cb3ebde"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__se398f242928040feacd300de8529e8e6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__s520dcb3ac3e14889b5c6e1c9c55803d5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__u3533262dea4c457fa37a272642213d00"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__la52f9b7c75ef4657ba2e04fdb4c8d210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__afa41f39278e544bdbcaba11dbe5434c8">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a1999b8e9184a49d98bc78d637f8f9592">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified text search configuration does not exist. </p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__lc7f0a750b3eb4cd49b3220e46ae5bdc2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__ad0e92b3a434943efa4e438411e22840d">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a54a2692fe6cf43828c961c08c21029ee">Specifies the name (optionally schema-qualified) of a text search configuration to be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__l6ecb76cc53ad4e7e8afe8ae9115c1d83"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a2f8d2a7139d948a4bd64f62742f2eff6">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__aab2f23c071a34aa78fa83e4a46bd9482">Automatically deletes objects that depend on the text search configuration to be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__ld826c790e36f41de9a434eb3c4c3cb94"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a93700274634743a491f7b0327f0a86fa">RESTRICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__a591b0c5bc7774c7e86437deb52c246c2">Refuses to delete the text search configuration if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__sca11c51a9b744530aac40e869013fc6b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__p1336128191410">Delete the text search configuration <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__b1907174710392">ngram1</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__screen73591832141411"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFIGURATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ngram1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__sed535825722c48c1825650f471ca6620"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830679__abce656e3a30f49bab5f900685fdb38e7"><a href="dws_06_0145.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0182.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0211.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0211.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1a2d219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0211.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</h1>
+<div id="body1560407392208"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s11dbafd02fc245e8ab6884159af9fd0b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__p46481919173114"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b5971039195914">DROP</strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b49918397595"> TEXT SEARCH </strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b6102153920595">DICTIONARY</strong> deletes a full-text retrieval dictionary.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s3885984ccb904e76a8b521140774edbb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__ul11440124205318"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__li10355217162410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b12255174051519">DROP</strong> is not supported by predefined dictionaries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__li10464891245">Only the owner of a dictionary can do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b2991953131512">DROP</strong> to the dictionary. System administrators have this permission by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__li67602155415">Execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b12590145710111">DROP...CASCADE</strong> only when necessary because this operation will delete the text search configuration that uses this dictionary.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s097e199c371040739945504301b7678d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s49960349d09943568d3fc82d29c074fc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__la52f9b7c75ef4657ba2e04fdb4c8d210"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__afa41f39278e544bdbcaba11dbe5434c8">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__a1999b8e9184a49d98bc78d637f8f9592">Reports a notice instead of throwing an error if the specified full-text retrieval dictionary does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__i2065642921414">name</em><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of a dictionary to be deleted. (If you do not specify a schema name, the dictionary in the current schema will be deleted by default.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: name of an existing dictionary</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__l6ecb76cc53ad4e7e8afe8ae9115c1d83"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__a2f8d2a7139d948a4bd64f62742f2eff6">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__aab2f23c071a34aa78fa83e4a46bd9482">Automatically deletes dependent objects of a dictionary and then deletes all dependent objects of these objects in sequence.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__p1110754945915">If any text search configuration that uses the dictionary exists, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b1093575612563">DROP</strong> execution will fail. You can add <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b16263460116">CASCADE</strong> to delete all text search configurations and dictionaries that use the dictionary.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__ld826c790e36f41de9a434eb3c4c3cb94"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__a93700274634743a491f7b0327f0a86fa">RESTRICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__a591b0c5bc7774c7e86437deb52c246c2">Rejects the deletion of a dictionary if any object depends on the dictionary. This is the default.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__p147464424917">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__b141765745335725">english</strong> dictionary.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__screen154831816155914"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SEARCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DICTIONARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">english</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150738__p63691819155"><a href="dws_06_0146.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a>, <a href="dws_06_0183.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0212.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0212.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f96e6160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0212.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TRIGGER</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__sc2f3652ea7884fc3a7f3abca9c5f6cf1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a20e99311d0f04a1bb6238024214baeab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b122139016491">DROP TRIGGER</strong> deletes a trigger.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__s082eb90e82814f00af1a39510e0a64ba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a7b90cd02aa81467cae8953f71542bb6b">Only the owner of a trigger and system administrators can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b139791208497">DROP TRIGGER</strong> statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__sc29df4fdf5e44ee79afcc0b3f8ccda44"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__s2cf39d3a2f584a38b460750d10165a1b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">trigger_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__l0f4022fd0c8c4292bb53daf7a42b4b3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a1bd25568e8014178b379654d63fb7705">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__abe31db914a76494bb35d51948556b2ae">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified trigger does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__ae3fcc2a08f584332b3815a5209776e1a">trigger_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of the trigger to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: an existing trigger</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__li11636184716594"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b10748195216598">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__p318211253564">Specifies the name of the table where the trigger to be deleted is located.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__p185906551621">Value range: an existing table having a trigger</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__l989e0a8054084ca298c3ace6caf0a0e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a34a807925f7149dabb660fa7b1691267">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__u8eb465a4e4954c04af52880c8d9012b8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__l0aa57a277f334462bd49a59b13e64000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b18488163685116">CASCADE</strong>: Deletes objects that depend on the trigger.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__l3fe8d9d9a85b49899dd42530dfeffcf5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b84235270693358">RESTRICT</strong>: Refuses to delete the trigger if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__p1550916534249">Delete the trigger <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__b1418473013417">insert_trigger</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__screen98212152510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_trigger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test_trigger_src_tbl</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150972__a97753a2696fd49538504b71c38f5bece"><a href="dws_06_0184.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0147.html">ALTER TRIGGER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0142.html">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0213.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0213.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfd5a02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0213.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP TYPE</h1>
+<div id="body1551942823551"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__sf1dc23c18c7e4d70ae11378c09434ef6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__p18120164041212"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__b1965165715368">DROP TYPE</strong> deletes a user-defined data type. Only the type owner has permission to run this statement.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__sc2c25d4bda8c4a0aa855c4e6c11cfd96"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__s8753f24fe4574929bfc89adff181c2cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__se9dc7c333d594ed7a47947f536664d7e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__ue8fc8b06575b44f68370320046cd75f4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__l8704ee5944f14e99bc3412d35ba8c22c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__a065c167fb73f44cd807560bf5c50f4db">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__a46456dc5650e4817a87b7b955009dbba">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified type does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__l5c2398ebb3fe4094ad541215353dcba5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__b8597214131">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__a485199a6506f4b5b8999d6a2fdd593a8">Specifies the name of the type to be deleted (schema-qualified).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__li2166102141312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__b51677212139">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__p1971524012136">Deletes objects (such as columns, functions, and operators) that depend on the type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__p29574881416"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__b11885161117159">RESTRICT</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__p132422139159">Refuses to delete the type if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__sc542703eb3cb43f8ae9d632d3a9f8632"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__p9736162517411">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__b16210536194117">compfoo</strong> type.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__screen367018422045"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compfoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cascade</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__s20e12635c85c42b5aefa8e0577b83fd3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910721__a385e1c05db244591beb008d61a8fba20"><a href="dws_06_0148.html">ALTER TYPE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0185.html">CREATE TYPE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0214.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0214.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56b03cef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0214.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP USER</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__sf1dc23c18c7e4d70ae11378c09434ef6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__aee6c8d44398242cbb485f76ecf345355">Deleting a user will also delete the schema having the same name as the user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__sad2783b3a56541bcacb9d0a6ee57b6a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__u96003cf7e59a47b8965caf42c65df6b1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__leb6567da674c4d93a3f9c06279f71b9d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b4043243995015">CASCADE</strong> is used to delete objects (excluding databases) that depend on the user. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b2834763995015">CASCADE</strong> cannot delete locked objects unless the locked objects are unlocked or the processes that lock the objects are killed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__la520b400df7a41cd8d6ceddfb04cabdc">When deleting a user in the database, if the object that the user depends on is in another database or the object of the dependent user is another database, you need to manually delete the dependent objects in other databases or delete the dependent database. Then, delete the user. Cross-database cascading deletion cannot be performed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__lc36762166075441bab87e82995b4adaf">In a multi-tenant scenario, the service user will also be deleted when you delete a user group. If the specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b842352706115734">CASCADE</strong> concatenation is deleted, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b842352706115413">CASCADE</strong> will be specified upon the deletion of the service user. If you fail to delete a user, an error is reported, and you cannot delete other users either.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__li13430304141949">If the user has an error table specified when the GDS foreign table is created, the user cannot be deleted by specifying the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b84235270693334">CASCADE</strong> keyword in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b84235270693337">DROP USER</strong> command.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__li821813313614">If a "role is being used by other users" error is displayed when you run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b18904315125411">DROP USER</strong>, it might be that threads cannot respond to signals in a timely manner during the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b690811565419">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> process. As a result, connections are not completely cleared. In this case, you need to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b11909191514549">CLEAN CONNECTION</strong> again.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__sc2c25d4bda8c4a0aa855c4e6c11cfd96"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__s8753f24fe4574929bfc89adff181c2cc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__se9dc7c333d594ed7a47947f536664d7e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__ue8fc8b06575b44f68370320046cd75f4"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__l8704ee5944f14e99bc3412d35ba8c22c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__a065c167fb73f44cd807560bf5c50f4db">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__a46456dc5650e4817a87b7b955009dbba">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified user does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__l5c2398ebb3fe4094ad541215353dcba5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__aa6ca0cdc23bb449ea9ec887ec1099f37">user_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__aa6567d00ce4b47a6b78cf28a998af7b8">Specifies the name of a user to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__a485199a6506f4b5b8999d6a2fdd593a8">Value range: An existing user name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__l788bfc99e0164ff78eafa04541af2311"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__af61f236d293e47608150f37cf9b190ae">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__u6266ad50c8eb49ad902072429fbf7efe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__l936dd1b2823b4f88bd980d435df1d4fb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b720855954511">CASCADE</strong>: automatically deletes all objects (such as tables) that depend on the user to be deleted. When a user is deleted in CASCADE mode, objects owner by the user and the user's permissions for objects will be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__l0de6a81cc4b64017a57a17757173c5ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__en-us_topic_0085031986_b842352706132110">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the user if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__note6435822181015"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__p13791791888">In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__text2055139722">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b162441043124420">postgresql.conf</strong> file contains the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b32442431443">enable_kill_query</strong> parameter. This parameter affects the action of deleting user objects using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b4313560595015">CASCADE</strong>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__ul111157223156"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__li18666104961416">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b316224805918">enable_kill_query</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b101629487598">on</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b216214816599">CASCADE</strong> is used to delete user objects, the processes will be automatically killed and the user will be deleted at the same time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__li19666114981419">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b1758612512016">enable_kill_query</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b458625111011">off</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b0586135116011">CASCADE</strong> is used to delete user objects, the user will be deleted after the processes are automatically killed.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__sc542703eb3cb43f8ae9d632d3a9f8632"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__p65021652191112">Delete user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__b19415105694116">jim</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__screen11514465115"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__s20e12635c85c42b5aefa8e0577b83fd3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830968__a385e1c05db244591beb008d61a8fba20"><a href="dws_06_0149.html">ALTER USER</a>, <a href="dws_06_0186.html">CREATE USER</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0215.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0215.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ab8319b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0215.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DROP VIEW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__sc2f3652ea7884fc3a7f3abca9c5f6cf1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a20e99311d0f04a1bb6238024214baeab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b3451148795250">DROP VIEW</strong> forcibly deletes an existing view in a database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__s082eb90e82814f00af1a39510e0a64ba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a7b90cd02aa81467cae8953f71542bb6b">Only a view owner or a system administrator can run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b842352706144822">DROP VIEW</strong> command.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__sc29df4fdf5e44ee79afcc0b3f8ccda44"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__s2cf39d3a2f584a38b460750d10165a1b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__s49eade590b0f4b098e648dd1dc5e3e60"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__u94351f73b3e945628b8649a4f9cc4f3e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__l0f4022fd0c8c4292bb53daf7a42b4b3a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a1bd25568e8014178b379654d63fb7705">IF EXISTS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__abe31db914a76494bb35d51948556b2ae">Sends a notice instead of an error if the specified view does not exist.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__l58e147705fc64066994924862c8f66e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__ae3fcc2a08f584332b3815a5209776e1a">view_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__ab6d27b2b82d348be80745fa87fb975c7">Specifies the name of the view to be deleted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a9ee2ac78101e427f90c718c3df1d1e74">Value range: An existing view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__l989e0a8054084ca298c3ace6caf0a0e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a34a807925f7149dabb660fa7b1691267">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__u8eb465a4e4954c04af52880c8d9012b8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__l0aa57a277f334462bd49a59b13e64000"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b84235270693354">CASCADE</strong>: deletes objects (such as other views) that depend on a view to be deleted.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__l3fe8d9d9a85b49899dd42530dfeffcf5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b84235270693358">RESTRICT</strong>: refuses to delete the view if any objects depend on it. This is the default.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__s974b31b9463848259512367e2d285b74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__p3178173112910">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b157371070935715">myView</strong> view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__screen1325153613297"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myView</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__p382316395210">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__b1559641019429">customer_details_view_v2</strong> view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__screen271532165817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_details_view_v2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__s56e26682f0c24a8987ba07e3099ff0a9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831036__a97753a2696fd49538504b71c38f5bece"><a href="dws_06_0150.html">ALTER VIEW</a>, <a href="dws_06_0187.html">CREATE VIEW</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0216.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0216.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fd5a3d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0216.html
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">FETCH</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s8ed10305f98a43bab3cb625c15fea37f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a55ceb149589c496bbc470d191ae32d0f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b2409443710207">FETCH</strong> retrieves data using a previously-created cursor.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a0cbab44241a747fb98fb5a50cb963c41">A cursor has an associated position, which is used by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b549238410207">FETCH</strong>. The cursor position can be before the first row of the query result, on any particular row of the result, or after the last row of the result.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__u9d048b27336e4e56b546ffccf9b77f6e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l2becaafcf958416da7a9986b19bb37e8">When created, a cursor is positioned before the first row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ldc21bd12b14b40708295abf9a304919f">After fetching some rows, the cursor is positioned on the row most recently retrieved.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__le6ec98f3fc8e4cfd8c48e3c116c91914">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4976315510207">FETCH</strong> runs off the end of the available rows then the cursor is left positioned after the last row, or before the first row if fetching backward.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__la4f342bea8704f05859b3070b30dea05"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b428371610207">FETCH ALL</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3855344710207">FETCH BACKWARD ALL</strong> will always leave the cursor positioned after the last row or before the first row.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s5ef744a44b4b4afc8a24b4da7a14061b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__u2d423adffa92488e8ebec76024fae21b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lc72eb677b479482183031d66ccde42db">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706134239">NO SCROLL</strong> is defined for the cursor, a backward fetch like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706134513">FETCH BACKWARD</strong> is not allowed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ldb4ebde87c1846e6a8afd907de786f15">The forms <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4515561510207">NEXT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b374735410207">PRIOR</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3372618810207">FIRST</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3510023810207">LAST</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4746668910207">ABSOLUTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b2454702310207">RELATIVE</strong> appropriately fetch a record after moving the cursor. If the cursor is already after the last row before being moved, an empty result is returned, and the cursor is left positioned before the first row (backward fetch) or after the last row (forward fetch) as appropriate.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l2fbe8dbd273b4f33848d16697575a202">The forms using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4215181210207">FORWARD</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4382198910207">BACKWARD</strong> retrieve the indicated number of rows moving in the forward or backward direction, leaving the cursor positioned on the last-returned row (or after (backward fetch)/before (forward fetch) all rows, if the count exceeds the number of rows available).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l67a9469172d14391b75f7fb92bdb19a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b5992026010207">RELATIVE 0</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b241143610207">FORWARD 0</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b2170292410207">BACKWARD 0</strong> all request fetching the current row without moving the cursor, that is, re-fetching the most recently fetched row. This will succeed unless the cursor is positioned before the first row or after the last row, in which case, no row is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6aa16feb30424f0d9e4d23a6f00dab47">If the cursor of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0085031921_en-us_topic_0058966115_b842352706134852">FETCH</strong> involves a column-store table, backward fetches like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0085031921_en-us_topic_0058966115_b842352706134921">BACKWARD</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0085031921_en-us_topic_0058966115_b842352706134924">PRIOR</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0085031921_en-us_topic_0058966115_b842352706134938">FIRST</strong> are not supported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s509ce26cd63945b1b832720f82941efb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__saa624634631a48ec9c1b607fe3d14e9b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a0a72636568a3406e87a1104cbf961a9c">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706134955">direction</strong> clause specifies optional parameters.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s9f01636bed2e470681d165213bfe50a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIOR</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ABSOLUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RELATIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s680662240a104ac7a51873c7c888bdd1"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s680662240a104ac7a51873c7c888bdd1"></a><a name="s680662240a104ac7a51873c7c888bdd1"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__u1c03957a1d5746728d3a18e36a7e09ce"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lbfa2352340674864b982f6c65bbeef37"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a0b8d410e4f4e4a1a8330d1b69d06f869">direction_clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ac02127f0c5474bb4a13b4a1d442bf57f">Defines the fetch direction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a1782b952c43645c7829e626ddd1afab3">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ueea8cf8c42db4520a5a79718b3d80c8e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lf857d60ccabc43329860f0668c64a599"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706135038">NEXT</strong> (default value)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__aa28cbc7c76c64d3f9e48eea51b1141ff">Fetches the next row.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lde95ea5f9a7e44f5851d4a32ca054bbb">PRIOR<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ad9298cca42eb40c0b9f0aaf301a2729a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lde95ea5f9a7e44f5851d4a32ca054bbb"></a><a name="lde95ea5f9a7e44f5851d4a32ca054bbb"></a>Fetches the prior row.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l225bd986ee2640418a36e44c5438b8de">FIRST<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__acd85f972dbae4d1d8d87ca306ededf67"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l225bd986ee2640418a36e44c5438b8de"></a><a name="l225bd986ee2640418a36e44c5438b8de"></a>Fetches the first row of the query (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3907216317531">ABSOLUTE 1</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6a8c958820c1456192f0f8334340b12b">LAST<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a0d882d7460e942929234ac215a2f073a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6a8c958820c1456192f0f8334340b12b"></a><a name="l6a8c958820c1456192f0f8334340b12b"></a>Fetches the last row of the query (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b2900179017531">ABSOLUTE -1</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l27ef76b06be143fe867d5feb15a02d14">ABSOLUTE count<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ad688fb538f83413abbf51b0ef79f901c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l27ef76b06be143fe867d5feb15a02d14"></a><a name="l27ef76b06be143fe867d5feb15a02d14"></a>Fetches the (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b842352706135115">count</strong>)'th row of the query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a4f204a3720c447908461b983e71b21e2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3134052217531">ABSOLUTE</strong> fetches are not any faster than navigating to the desired row with a relative move: the underlying implementation must traverse all the intermediate rows anyway.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__af41a8a7ea828485da6c895307e3d328b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b2605344817531_1">count</strong> is a possibly-signed integer constant:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__u674e0ef54bfa491c94cd509a1ae0cb05"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__laed2da0d98604cbb81b712b6a1d601df">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b2647579717531">count</strong> is a positive integer, fetches the (count)'th row of the query, starting from the first row. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1121693054111444">count</strong> is less than the current cursor position, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706111529">rewind</strong> operation is required, which is currently not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l09ad9e30f76141e8a3aa1661df522a2d">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1364140740111630">count</strong> is a negative value or 0, a backward scanning is required, which is currently not supported.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lc272b3b9ccad40339642b51a082176f5">RELATIVE count<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ac09e2e6c57a5453da3870f3f5cbdf3ef"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lc272b3b9ccad40339642b51a082176f5"></a><a name="lc272b3b9ccad40339642b51a082176f5"></a>Fetches the (count)'th succeeding row, or the abs(count)'th prior row if count is negative.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__addb7c70360a048d78f5f8bc8e8cdcc69"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b2605344817531">count</strong> is a possibly-signed integer constant:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__u88730b14d3704c03b7261b96bdcffea9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l2fa9648eb5db482eb2ce09ded26e3186">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b3124469817531">count</strong> is a positive integer, fetches the (count)'th succeeding row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__lcce98bc4f2734b0d99c19ab512fa5c34">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1714837683">count</strong> is a negative value, a backward scanning is required, which is currently not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l05aa847808df44f781343013d9ab06cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b4693663817531">RELATIVE 0</strong> fetches the current row.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l395bb1f7030d4f3b92273422af9ee169">count<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__afe09c5dd67c04571bf4b12426d7a01c6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l395bb1f7030d4f3b92273422af9ee169"></a><a name="l395bb1f7030d4f3b92273422af9ee169"></a>Fetches the next <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1366835117531">count</strong> rows (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b5590630217531">FORWARD count</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6a4d44979192415dafe2005ea6a94757">ALL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__abc8bd15b0b1f4c49909919cd10d60480"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6a4d44979192415dafe2005ea6a94757"></a><a name="l6a4d44979192415dafe2005ea6a94757"></a>Fetches all remaining rows (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b5986617817531">FORWARD ALL</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l25b1947e24c04f30938377326c1075b0">FORWARD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__af5b822d6f89743dc84df2fd2ec5717fc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l25b1947e24c04f30938377326c1075b0"></a><a name="l25b1947e24c04f30938377326c1075b0"></a>Fetches the next row (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b5339893817531">NEXT</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l8afa69c4afc748cb962912866f926453">FORWARD count<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a81611cc402c74f9a8ee936d8a4b2b83e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l8afa69c4afc748cb962912866f926453"></a><a name="l8afa69c4afc748cb962912866f926453"></a>Fetches the next <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b84235270611314">count</strong> rows (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b5453500717531">RELATIVE count</strong>). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__en-us_topic_0058966115_b2105301517531">FORWARD 0</strong> re-fetches the current row.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l970cf23469f84cbab6e1d4fb549e6841">FORWARD ALL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__aa164bd0849ae4605ae9a3e9589b00cca"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l970cf23469f84cbab6e1d4fb549e6841"></a><a name="l970cf23469f84cbab6e1d4fb549e6841"></a>Fetches all remaining rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6919f35dccdf4b4ab1f312ce7f638b88">BACKWARD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ae3cafaa9d8a14bce885adad7f143dc82"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6919f35dccdf4b4ab1f312ce7f638b88"></a><a name="l6919f35dccdf4b4ab1f312ce7f638b88"></a>Fetches the prior row (same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b6246298917531">PRIOR</strong>).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ld00abd77698f4b31926f77453a3c77b8">BACKWARD count<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a0e031001343a4e32968119a4c4af15f9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ld00abd77698f4b31926f77453a3c77b8"></a><a name="ld00abd77698f4b31926f77453a3c77b8"></a>Fetches the prior <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b842352706113127">count</strong> rows (scanning backwards).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__aab3054b83d1a4c69883a9c36ae6f51cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b104345777">count</strong> is a possibly-signed integer constant:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__uc2bfa1fa3cfe498aaeb4cd14a0f405c7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l77b0bc28a4b74e71afa2ac2b378c3b09">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3936152217531">count</strong> is a positive integer, fetches the (count)'th prior row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l1b7da7840e9043849a505f6d86215827">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1604343617531">count</strong> is a negative integer, fetches the abs(count)'th succeeding row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l65cbdd95644b47f18b6e765ddd85a2a1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3428659917531">BACKWARD 0</strong> re-fetches the current row.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6ad837248748463fb8280b01016119f4">BACKWARD ALL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a5f91c6e1163040cba5f47f94ed184139"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l6ad837248748463fb8280b01016119f4"></a><a name="l6ad837248748463fb8280b01016119f4"></a>Fetches all prior rows (scanning backwards).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__l3899d9cfd6af4731b2b940dce5900545"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a34941515504a4e729d699f2a82954aa2">{ FROM | IN } cursor_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__a92de5c6e69314f2c9a0b2b710cc3a174">Specifies the cursor name using the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b2585007017531">FROM</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b3132404317531">IN</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ae14445dd3ddc4794b2d930f8d76b1f1b">Value range: an existing cursor name.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__sa2a56d1c1dbf48e3a251f3e518813217"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p147251921436">Example 1: Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1248022864214">SELECT</strong> statement to read a table using a cursor.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p173122012418">Set up the cursor1 cursor.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__screen1161951174110"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p17794736191318">Fetch the first three rows from cursor1.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__screen1366016361617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_address_id</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_street_name</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_street_type</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_suite_number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">ca_city</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">ca_county</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_zip</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">ca_country</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_gmt_offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">ca_location_type</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------+------------+---------------+---------------+----------------------</span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jackson</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Parkway</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">280</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fairfield</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Maricopa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AZ</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">86192</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condo</span><span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">362</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Washington</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="n">th</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RD</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fairview</span><span class="w">        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Taos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NM</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">85709</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condo</span><span class="w">               </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">585</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Dogwood</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Washington</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Circle</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Suite</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Q</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pleasant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Valley</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">York</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">County</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PA</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12477</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">United</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">States</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">single</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">family</span><span class="w">       </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p1538717311430">Example 2: Use a cursor to read the content in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__b1931711924315">VALUES</strong> clause.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p146015231843">Set up the cursor cursor2.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__screen185031235645"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__p14793143681314">Fetch the first two rows from cursor2.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__screen196391285171"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">column1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------+---------</span>
+<span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s68c1873d29fa41ee812a1ac46b9b1765"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__ad1057b70ff114a06950196a6cd595007"><a href="dws_06_0152.html">CLOSE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0217.html">MOVE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0188.html">CURSOR</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0217.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0217.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02d8d692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0217.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">MOVE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__s4727545b57db49c3950003bb207741a5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__aee8cbe98730248e198380b1b2e1821cb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b14073519105537">MOVE</strong> repositions a cursor without retrieving any data. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__en-us_topic_0058966130_b59552809105537">MOVE</strong> works exactly like the <a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a> command, except it only repositions the cursor and does not return rows.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__s27295cfa28504c348f4be3d1b7a22a33"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__a139e1f60248845e2a88e5ec35497fecc">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__s4feba63788ca4f0da997855f9e633249"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__s432eda0e842a42cea8721e0456926ba9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">MOVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__a0fa07300e5514687aed0ef448038dc6e">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b842352706134955">direction</strong> clause specifies optional parameters.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__sef9211ee5b22492a8e3b070d3264285a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIOR</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ABSOLUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RELATIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BACKWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__s6080a89882394a029f9b39fdf99f38d3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__a95e01a272bab4faf965d443bebddcf33"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b17811656474217">MOVE</strong> command parameters are the same as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b2556065574217">FETCH</strong> command parameters. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0216.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830740__s680662240a104ac7a51873c7c888bdd1">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b19535506884217">FETCH</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__nb7a4e3b107a44038beed058b0bc4b064"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__a4c56e2c594044eba876959a960883563">On successful completion, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b19352114244217">MOVE</strong> command returns a command tag of the form <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b12937780334217">MOVE count</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b13811922524217">count</strong> is the number of rows that a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__b7281234574217">FETCH</strong> command with the same parameters would have returned (possibly zero).</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__se0135a85912946dab597130a6f460588"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__p32862918225">Skip the first three rows of cursor1.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__screen111183375915"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">MOVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORWARD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cursor1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__sd0b8c6216c764860b3453234cc6fab70"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710823__ade33006d444c42b385ac60c1f334fa09"><a href="dws_06_0152.html">CLOSE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0216.html">FETCH</a>, <a href="dws_06_0188.html">CURSOR</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0218.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0218.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a151453e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0218.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">REINDEX</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__s2408714640f44914afb1d73a1ff6f926"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__p941089202816"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b1415908711355">REINDEX</strong> rebuilds an index using the data stored in the index's table, replacing the old copy of the index.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__aa4f97700241345f18e9283704448c6a1">There are several scenarios in which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__en-us_topic_0058965688_b6032292311355">REINDEX</strong> can be used:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__u761a4296491b4570bc4d9264cc3cf565"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l0905e2c31e7541bd95214becb6ae0aed">An index has become corrupted, and no longer contains valid data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l3afa5bfb01f044feb0b85247ae5e7318">An index has become "bloated", that is, it contains many empty or nearly-empty pages.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l1ff944b7da284f7e9962f06aff0da360">You have altered a storage parameter (such as fillfactor) for an index, and wish to ensure that the change has taken full effect.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a9467aed1eb4c4612a7858dd76f552fdc"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l1ff944b7da284f7e9962f06aff0da360"></a><a name="l1ff944b7da284f7e9962f06aff0da360"></a>An index build with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b3624657711355">CONCURRENTLY</strong> option failed, leaving an "invalid" index.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__s6d84bc4a91cd44d0b0ca7cef5c78e748"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__ac387b50dcae144d2b968f9d6c792b735">Index reconstruction of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b2657647111543">REINDEX DATABASE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b3786165011543">SYSTEM</strong> type cannot be performed in transaction blocks.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__s2ad49636a7bb4be197afcb21d36f207e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__u741b93a137bb4aeba5a6df342c640972"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__lf04e060f151a4bef9afeeb4c42257cc8">Rebuild a general index.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__s33d192ccd0a045c780fa3ecd5792082a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REINDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SYSTEM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__uf9d5a0b9e7b847f899019dd8f5f1b067"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l7e13603eadea40d197d4606761f0e13d">Rebuild an index partition.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__sb8a85f391e9b4c34a81ac545e1669462"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REINDEX</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FORCE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__sd99ea912bc4643ffaba030ec6c7ff12c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__u58d54590cdaf47058f685c58596b7af0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__lab848cf62e60423b864e85c3676e0e48"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b5139449714957">INDEX</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__afcf9117787d643d7a832d746298c9559">Recreates the specified index.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l5a90593a93ff4d079575ba4d04d89c41"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b2822377614101">TABLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__ad201f7f461bb4a2c95165f6d3c1788b0">Recreates all indexes of the specified table. If the table has a secondary TOAST table, that is reindexed as well.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__ld9bca3e2dc3b4ce08aa7b8abf7749cf6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b4819684214104">DATABASE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__abaa7643d6f91426398329e75dc255c36">Recreates all indexes within the current database. Indexes on the shared system directory will also be processed. This form of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b718372404613">REINDEX</strong> cannot be executed within a transaction block.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l86817872095a4e4c84d5d8a626c3bb23"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b912210514108">SYSTEM</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__ae55d0c4bd410484a9168e0188a74c160">Recreates all indexes on system catalogs within the current database. Indexes on user tables are not processed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l10474c56e0c54b5faae475cc2e72874d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b24633835141013">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a556f1422c33d4936be3ac389c11368c6">Name of the specific index, table, or database to be reindexed. Index and table names can be schema-qualified.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__n90b512b43dd4468b88653dba58d461dd"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a74db54d0705b4325a24ae3ae552b983b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b9582988185454">REINDEX DATABASE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b19138028185454">SYSTEM</strong> can create indexes for only the current database. Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b38024531185454">name</strong> must be the same as the current database name.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__lbe60805c15ad44e68987381136e8b655"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b12670019141017">FORCE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a02e13f6f2d1449cfa78d90efee272217">This is an obsolete option. It is ignored if specified.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__l3ec2f49e723c4c8ca61e716140c5e785"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b45988090141022">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a24a356f4aabd41caaa2f59df1cb6b45f">Specifies the name of the partition or index partition to be reindexed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__aba1d4b9e25a74627b89e2da36a8827e8">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__udbb7eff3b1454928ad2ba6303869c157"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__ldefa4ac534ae4a058427c9ffed938ad6">If it is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__en-us_topic_0058965688_b8423527069266">REINDEX INDEX</strong>, specify the name of an index partition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__lb50e1865cac24da1a5fcbf5deb380a11">If it is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__en-us_topic_0058965688_b84235270692615">REINDEX TABLE</strong>, specify the name of a partition.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__n4fd10f1769d742e3b767352d0d307585"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__a69f25b63675449d3b36531721cd6482a">Index reconstruction of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b1094878883">REINDEX DATABASE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b1910970336">SYSTEM</strong> type cannot be performed in transaction blocks.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__se3cfaa0f85684c5da3ac7678d7cbdefb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__p19479113717585">Rebuild a single index.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__screen1711712346593"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REINDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tpcds_customer_index1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__p104781437145814">Rebuild all indexes on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__b9661952324058"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__text2047893719586">tpcds.</span>customer_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098991016__screen1858101718594"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REINDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0219.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0219.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56562dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0219.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">RESET</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__sd068e96931524ede952a83846ef651cd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a261c9349b26e45169878382d8327444d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b781526811031">RESET</strong> restores run-time parameters to their default values. The default values are parameter default values complied in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b322855311031">postgresql.conf</strong> configuration file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__aa7bb706adcb843099c2c88d6fad0ab08"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b6018626411031">RESET</strong> is an alternative spelling for:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__aa47f055ab1be4effbda56ac97a5fefb3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b8423527069553">SET configuration_parameter TO DEFAULT</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__s8cec26a7a180402895a81bd52bd837c9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a9180587919e74b95818705cff86107f3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b842352706153544">RESET</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b842352706153547">SET</strong> have the same transaction behavior. Their impact will be rolled back.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__s994be4ca28254d32a2c466aa632c83ef"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__sc255aed950fd4a33bac5a5a00eb40b53">RESET {configuration_parameter | CURRENT_SCHEMA | TIME ZONE | TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL | SESSION AUTHORIZATION | ALL };</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__se65334e5a0844cf2926813c622b3fc24"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__se65334e5a0844cf2926813c622b3fc24"></a><a name="se65334e5a0844cf2926813c622b3fc24"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__uf07ffd7659ae439e9ffb262842afb065"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__lf271dd3d47ca4fb482c4e8a375ae9d6f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__acc9766ac76f6434faeb1f31e90f5f907">configuration_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a17b0d2ed517e4a5e83b0dc3b20353613">Specifies the name of a settable run-time parameter.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a10d38996c1d9433fb0a377264b30eaad">Value range: Run-time parameters. You can view them by running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b717002511219">SHOW ALL</strong> command.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__n692a33ab370f452cb7053caebfab6619"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a824ca9a78e8e4ccea141d33cfe8a7ad5">Some parameters that viewed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b9614895181550">SHOW ALL</strong> cannot be set by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b19425192181550">SET</strong>. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b6569338314148">max_datanodes</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__ld2cce3fd517c42a1b22ccf3d9e2b3fe3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a592d5d2578ea4d47a3ef7dffb676afa1">CURRENT_SCHEMA</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a008164e8e86942b8acb648a925d8cf6d">Specifies the current schema.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__l13e8159d740a43c5b988f941d00cdf2d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__abb8c839ac71d49e5b2a1903bee67a72a">TIME ZONE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a351630f295564a89aef4d1a4c3313231">Specifies the time zone.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__lfe6eebd9e4084cc9b6baaf7121169e70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__abbc6fcd50f7e4952a81958c17020bb8b">TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a00d45cf7bf9c488c8c8b16cce6083199">Specifies the transaction isolation level.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__l60883e08e51d4a1a978f76cc6a8953fb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__ae4e0deb3e822413a9cbe41d5ba051cb3">SESSION AUTHORIZATION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__ae45cdd7da25949e68726a89aeea60f1d">Specifies the session authorization.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__l84faa6b1f6744ada90b282036661e4c1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a47289fc6db894e5db1a6f8f00263ab51">ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a3907eb247d4e4540a04e9354016e6f72">Resets all settable run-time parameters to default values.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__s0f66bcf350474eac9714fb807bbe5c51"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__p146735378019">Reset <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__b7794008844148">timezone</strong> to the default value.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__screen156514231731"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__p136739371001">Set all parameters to their default values.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__screen177691518635"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__s8db2d834a4674246aa1243c296db7bba"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__a72f18fb8d90a4953a9bb90b848ddf370"><a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a>, <a href="dws_06_0224.html">SHOW</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0220.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0220.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dea2cd72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0220.html
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SET</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s322ae74a9d4b4206b10e4d6cb6d41c2f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ab4e140402fa24b6ab6cd4994c785b87c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b11122153142133">SET</strong> modifies a run-time parameter.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__sf1326ff754364d7f9e9aee5b07be97c7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a58feda383efc43108f902e4377b906c1">Most run-time parameters can be modified by executing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b141802531817">SET</strong>. Some parameters cannot be modified after a server or session starts.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__sea7eeaeb4d5846729e55549acc643fea"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__u4c2d24ab0a6545e6ab5aa24096cbe679"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__l2396d14b3c3e4aaab78a0ccbd0ea8666">Set the system time zone.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s2c919d5bfacb4cfd92f04c4bd6d37e64"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ZONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__l996f039669e14295b25fd80ed04e7bfb">Set the schema of the table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s6be1a1c65b6d464691b8c95617781361"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'schema'</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lab618fd3256e4359900c4060ab7e1a09">Set client encoding.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s9ffb5ad023ec4f79bc65e52935e60f0b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NAMES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lf1dc7a0c1d114454b52edb75133e80e4">Set XML parsing mode.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__sd5aeaabe7b374be29c8e6ebc858f5bdb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DOCUMENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONTENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__la459b87bf7584cddbd0134dc001b9a36">Set other running parameters.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s64f5fda840234e66ae639398c2d0c545"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">config_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}}}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__se8530cae21fd4932a87b96aedaebc0a9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__se8530cae21fd4932a87b96aedaebc0a9"></a><a name="se8530cae21fd4932a87b96aedaebc0a9"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__uaef51370c2e94ba5ad424d790db475df"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ld65b9af41f26448bbf29330fa8be13ae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a0c502c453b9a4f43bba4ccbde47534c0">SESSION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a9942dfc426bd497eb76bfef4505cd053">Indicates that the specified parameters take effect for the current session. This is the default value if neither <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__en-us_topic_0058966091_b47168746181550">SESSION</strong> nor <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__en-us_topic_0058966091_b21865537181550">LOCAL</strong> appears.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2015b612098943e79d706d69b0ca68ec">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b35886909142133">SET</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b54546729142133">SET SESSION</strong> is executed within a transaction that is later aborted, the effects of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b21158517142133">SET</strong> command disappear when the transaction is rolled back. Once the surrounding transaction is committed, the effects will persist until the end of the session, unless overridden by another <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b56208930142133">SET</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lc54916913de14932b3a59a6d2d62253a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ac878f676d7914c29bd0da3a035bb504b">LOCAL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a3ef1d3a108cc400f887b6dd3c100c11e">Indicates that the specified parameters take effect for the current transaction. After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b55115693181550">COMMIT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b26279195181550">ROLLBACK</strong>, the session-level setting takes effect again.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ae21f4110649946259598961dc651e089">The effects of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b23588111142133">SET LOCAL</strong> last only till the end of the current transaction, whether committed or not. A special case is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b10966409142133">SET</strong> followed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b31588818142133">SET LOCAL</strong> within a single transaction: the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b15863907142133">SET LOCAL</strong> value will be seen until the end of the transaction, but afterwards (if the transaction is committed) the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b8557437142133">SET</strong> value will take effect.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__leeb7d19987ab4946ac17f92144a612d0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a15b39046fdf2417c898d01be5f45574f">TIME ZONE timezone</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__acaaf7f048bec4354a6b2a2eb945b7359">Indicates the local time zone for the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a1fc2504fe345415a8fafea6348a80f41">Value range: A valid local time zone. The corresponding run-time parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__en-us_topic_0058966091_b17128889181550">TimeZone</strong>. The default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b842352706213028">PRC</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lf8fede1df65341a6bdf1ca72054ae1b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a76c688f0a800438f8eb3a6a1a9c484c6">CURRENT_SCHEMA</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2293d34156464d70870c58285f813f54"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a1bd28728cfc3471c89ba56f52a3b5b78">schema</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2a80039f78b546d180a0ec9dc54611ff">Indicates the current schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a8c062f091e2b496087978383add05be6">Value range: An existing schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__l63483e54edaa458894ff7619bd3cbd0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2637ea846f064755a4c2097a5ddeec91">SCHEMA schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ac830ab894acc442e8932330b9faa0d07">Indicates the current schema. Here the schema is a string.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a44e32318da5c4682a2b08e95148d7b9b">Example: set schema  'public';</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lf94a02aa3d774d639fad101cbc7aa358"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a50d01f392eca439d8a67f97f2384b4f2">NAMES encoding_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a276c75e1746a49139802fc6cb36c0fa9">Indicates the client character encoding name. This command is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b40753933181550">set client_encoding to encoding_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2bd2df70f3694afaa46a425a0f3af6c8">Value range: A valid character encoding name. The run-time parameter corresponding to this option is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b47499760181550">client_encoding</strong>. The default encoding is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b24844657181550">UTF8</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__l2f8c73b884ac49b0a520091637b134a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a863e38dde47c4b15b512c77d81e6ac4f">XML OPTION option</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a0d698c5ebaef4f1289c663c1eb087e74">Indicates the XML resolution mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__aa4856683df67450aa3cf07022a3dc3c8">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b842352706192047">CONTENT</strong> (default), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b842352706192055">DOCUMENT</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__lbaf981aced3246faa389d671a78e6963"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a0e80736ca13c4261b8ddf9cba22fefd9">config_parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ab003c4b5277140e091ac396112e16b6d">Indicates the configurable run-time parameters. You can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b3413006914287">SHOW ALL</strong> to view available run-time parameters.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__nef4970e499f644de8aeb492b47cee4fe"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a1f0a0e82e34144d9b5bea5c4e42fbf47">Some parameters that viewed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b9614895181550">SHOW ALL</strong> cannot be set by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b19425192181550">SET</strong>. For example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b20447225454042">max_datanodes</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__l947dfa92bd044f259b7b730c2ac35cad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__ae5e4910cff034d1f82227ef97023aba7">value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a568d104888e149649c802ead5a9607df">Indicates the new value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b842352706183920">config_parameter</strong> parameter. This parameter can be specified as string constants, identifiers, numbers, or comma-separated lists of these. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b56719981181550">DEFAULT</strong> can be written to indicate resetting the parameter to its default value.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s0ff0c99a2a854b31a1c7e4220acbfa44"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__p28826156123">Configure the search path of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__b184981644115217">tpcds</strong> schema.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__screen0254105719124"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">search_path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__p128821615141216">Set the date style to the traditional POSTGRES style (date placed before month).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__screen1235811541310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datestyle</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postgres</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__s2caee5ae7b6f4fb38cb21caaada08d6c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510673__a2ce5d1a9dae144a4aef1a6d176c84937"><a href="dws_06_0219.html">RESET</a>, <a href="dws_06_0224.html">SHOW</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0221.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0221.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..638ce4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0221.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SET CONSTRAINTS</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__s6cd4f95fe13642ca92c206b447874035"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__p19369105415508"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b15234976143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> sets the behavior of constraint checking within the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a34d0f1def03142b69ae01526c0273730"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b2897056143240">IMMEDIATE</strong> constraints are checked at the end of each statement. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b26073505143240">DEFERRED</strong> constraints are not checked until transaction commit. Each constraint has its own <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b33334956143240">IMMEDIATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b31579155143240">DEFERRED</strong> mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a31751946ef5640f09afa0e4ef4527aef">Upon creation, a constraint is given one of three characteristics <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b7774749143240">DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b2863883143240">DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b25774952143240">NOT DEFERRABLE</strong>. The third class is always <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b30647981143240">IMMEDIATE</strong> and is not affected by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b7396380143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command. The first two classes start every transaction in specified modes, but its behaviors can be changed within a transaction by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b66567420143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__af833461101bd4f89ae7dcb2580cc75b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b84235270616304">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> with a list of constraint names changes the mode of just those constraints (which must all be deferrable). If multiple constraints match a name, the name is affected by all of these constraints. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b7940828143240">SET CONSTRAINTS ALL</strong> changes the modes of all deferrable constraints.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a7e838d6b764548fe9e74123650098eb8">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b39227321143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> changes the mode of a constraint from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b17501571143240">DEFERRED</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b23296414143240">IMMEDIATE</strong>, the new mode takes effect retroactively: any outstanding data modifications that would have been checked at the end of the transaction are instead checked during the execution of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b8341140143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> command. If any such constraint is violated, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b7961396143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> fails (and does not change the constraint mode). Therefore, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b4543705143240">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> can be used to force checking of constraints to occur at a specific point in a transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a10af138c1961443ea488ba7cb25e9185">Only foreign key constraints are affected by this setting. Check and unique constraints are always checked immediately when a row is inserted or modified.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__sc1ab636cd03b4006b1fff98ce85b9560"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a4cdbeaff8af9478dad9b5a852b005e70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b1515661901813">SET CONSTRAINTS</strong> sets the behavior of constraint checking only within the current transaction. Therefore, if you execute this command outside of a transaction block (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b101747143240">START TRANSACTION/COMMIT</strong> pair), it will not appear to have any effect.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__s5a1312a358fd43daac13d17350d7a888"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__s3618a8e3fc1041aa95a6202a3f5a290b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__s7a138eb8d5334afe8c6d215ba2fa5f36"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__u0652558d22874536a1a98ef661abc0e0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__lda14c31ef0b940e1ba07ab26565c1e70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__af790a5efaf9a42dd9a513ee70532d8d3">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__af99c0dba9eca4902b18f767d095f20dd">Specifies the constraint name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a62baee53c75a4b3485403e43bffd7670">Value range: an existing constraint name, which can be found in the system catalog <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__b157183546562">pg_constraint</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__l4ec2561542f14de9a47ebd445ef88f72"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__aaf31ba930952408aa61ab9c0144f67d4">ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a4896d2d6bfb14e74a22321825607eeda">Indicates all constraints.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__ld7a653580ff84d5eaa553cf9be5a26a0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a375f1496369f4d9786f962fa725792be">DEFERRED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a9a338ea134c54e99a907848a411a46fe">Indicates that constraints are not checked until transaction commit.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__l5458218ab22f413ba065be04da2009d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a2001bd1b04c64467b080a0f0047721d9">IMMEDIATE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__a386dbf666fc949338df2b51c5b59a950">Indicates that constraints are checked at the end of each statement.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__sbdb870324aca42b1a4580e8511d1645e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__p425815363471">Set that constraints are checked when a transaction is committed.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670894__screen11214145118472"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFERRED</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0222.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0222.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c234a489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0222.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SET ROLE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s9e57c0e600ec4b7ba752fde19828e058"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ad19d6c9c9c354f8dbd5d0490b95491e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b10506950804128">SET ROLE</strong> sets the current user identifier of the current session.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s4f6b927609a94077be9838b00c437ee5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__u53291aacdf8c422fbd55f8e25f4a2102"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__lfa3769bb0e224802a1a8aa2a12bc04be">Users of the current session must be members of specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b50394981115024">rolename</strong>, but the system administrator can choose any roles.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__l5422b84512c34855afccd5193ceeafb5">Executing this command may add rights of a user or restrict rights of a user. If the role of a session user has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b13570722183816">INHERITS</strong> attribute, it automatically has all rights of roles that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b51138664183816">SET ROLE</strong> enables the role to be. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b42135007183816">SET ROLE</strong> physically deletes all rights directly granted to session users and rights of its belonging roles and only leaves rights of the specified roles. If the role of the session user has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b6643717814377">NOINHERITS</strong> attribute, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b6106369014377">SET ROLE</strong> deletes rights directly granted to the session user and obtains rights of the specified role.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s11af38d8a6f948c5b7c4e89c7972c421"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__u9c275b1184da46a0b33e1b47ae7c2e01"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__lc51a4f550de14559a5cf81f4d589266f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b10826515594128">SET ROLE</strong> sets the current user identifier of the current session.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s13b000803e2942f1af2569d36001cecb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ld43db4ee40f64a6fbbfb00426e03b708">Reset the current user identifier to that of the current session.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s6ca13e70e4344dffb225d655e714058e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__s027a6b359e2e414995cb580c9d44fe74"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__u2430886bffbc4f2eb753ba7f702d3d12"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ldd1198a5f1214051917df69dda2994e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a33b405731c3840538ac533ad83ce7ed4">SESSION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a8b73b28db9ec46699c01e3a3b1805c39">Specifies that the command takes effect only for the current session. This parameter is used by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a9127fd21f9984ee0a39a33c2dfb76ad5">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention rule.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__l41c3be6f3cdf4878a52a25f4b28584b3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a73b13ea729dc485ba3a82ed443de8871">LOCALE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a4258bdc359f34699bd43aeb0845e335e">Indicates that the specified command takes effect only for the current transaction.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__l2694dac1379a491b8dd3eb73bd6110e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a937749c6e1f140eba06ff0b7f6148619">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a9e38e7f798f943bb965ce5594df4403d">Specifies the role name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ac28548f853b24daa838a9dc8041104f4">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention rule.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__lffc54d6c919c4bd7939a99cc115737d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__a39bd4b2ad12342d382038f82309aaec4">password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ac229d76d17574c82a5a7e215557f2a94">Specifies the password of a role. It must comply with the password convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__lc8eb5dca2ae84372bf31d4a854131564"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__abf52621f7c93405b8188ed95b25f7fd2">RESET ROLE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__ae79bd87bb3b04dd2b8226e889d309e6d">Resets the current user identifier.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__sa0f7d9748db646a98c2b90c02303808a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__p10557992314">Set the current user to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__b5282733814128">paul</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__screen04601623182413"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__p10554916233">View the current session user and the current user.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__screen171576316240"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION_USER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__p754149172312">Reset the current user.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830707__screen1460753772412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0223.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0223.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce48e097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0223.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__s92d1213dab2e426c9629a0ca0948fdcf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__ab66d09c88e1f46fd8f50fa36640489b6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__b14329521132013">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</strong> sets the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current SQL session to a specified user.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__s2fe2e44356a3445f8991d890710d743c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a56cf542c02e54d32b2d8dd402c2aa6c8">The session identifier can be changed only when the initial session user has the system administrator rights. Otherwise, the system supports the command only when the authenticated user name is specified.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__s35387492ff28429fae673879f53fe90c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__uc2bd191b95be4ba38459e9a8c2766e0b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__l9f417de9bc584d739b959a115734e6cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__b84555870835930">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</strong> sets the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__sae6f2b9769c64bd984b9dad7c73107e3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__l70f57a5d94a441bb9d23f5ccc177820f">Reset the identifiers of the session and current users to the initially authenticated user names.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__s0f9dd026a66d473f92af579533aa25b9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__sc1acf5182ef44721aa02ebb7a5a85163"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__u26f5766a8612472abcbe6ee7d7ce5b2d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__lf45d400d38e74f57b40be9462069cf22"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a55640ecac54548fc84a7fb78ef287415">SESSION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__ab6026e5e409841b3b33984e90fce1322">Indicates that the specified parameters take effect for the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a7d8791757d6d4db4a6a425ae95762b74">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__l27d11fa92a1448dfbe08b3b2391cddb5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a501acc68b5714093a7d91e0c24e2492a">LOCALE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__aa496d5bc45cc4f0f935ee2f24f6394da">Indicates that the specified command takes effect only for the current transaction.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__l0d92d2e88e3f40b891161bcdfae52179"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a5d8c95b193c040d69e2a3e00a56892a4">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__acb58ba02893c444e9c4311abe840fad6">User name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__abf19148f51e4411f980e97b03435e5de">Value range: A string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__la9a9a2a2a8eb4b8a92f0b61282fcedc0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__ae8b4515932774d88829b7c27290f28d7">password</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a96ed2ae53c7942b38538cc97cd8e7cfd">Specifies the password of a role. It must comply with the password convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__laaef3acc1cf24472ba063cdd9325f506"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__af04e851cff9d431a902ed7fb1a8c30f0">DEFAULT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__a73be460ddb1d453fb0dd879b78993a7d">Reset the identifiers of the session and current users to the initially authenticated user names.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__sbed86505ee57440b8fe767cb9ec45c58"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__p240073010561">Set the current user to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__b70573829835930">paul</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__screen17212144418577"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">paul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__p164001230135611">View the current session user and the current user.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__screen56941535165717"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION_USER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__p1940013018560">Reset the current user.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__screen01061727165710"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">RESET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__s4732ee77ae784220ab043ba8eabf97ca"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710707__aa6b251241d6f4af1882d36e5666273dd"><a href="dws_06_0222.html">SET ROLE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0224.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0224.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6580ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0224.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SHOW</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s0d278f145e4343cfb0521d2e28f2e6c8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__a1ea29c92a2b145b38da2778fe8767b52"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b210905804035942">SHOW</strong> shows the current value of a run-time parameter. You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b1480964015416">SET</strong> statement to set these parameters.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s6852a2366418435ab7cd516eb5bca700"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__a15d22f0f1f284b9aa5161e37fd5347a5">Some parameters that can be viewed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b114096597547">SHOW</strong> are read-only. You can view but cannot modify their values.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s8ce7707ad05f4cb09f66eafbe2232585"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s864b74186b1b403ba4fc73725aa6aa47"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">configuration_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CURRENT_SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TIME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ZONE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AUTHORIZATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s96205d1beced45abb6cdf9d79c81bee0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__aed20736803084d2b917c9a8d42c58e7f">See <a href="dws_06_0219.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510787__se65334e5a0844cf2926813c622b3fc24">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b205413993935942">RESET</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__sc9bf644a740d4bef834363ee8ecd7fd5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__p14564174255313">Show the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b2761549135942">timezone</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__screen677183945913"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__p1429535475716">Show the current setting of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__b18312143215518">DateStyle</strong> parameter.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__screen18643133175910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DateStyle</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__p17952435135614">Show the current setting of all parameters.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__screen499964295910"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__s4c483a3fc4684d739740ac8ec75c339f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150928__a079e8e73674d4af9a27f0af1c73d7f67"><a href="dws_06_0220.html">SET</a>, <a href="dws_06_0219.html">RESET</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0225.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0225.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0225.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">TRUNCATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__sbd36550b75f74804baacfa83e897796e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p9350410219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b1777225165812">TRUNCATE</strong> quickly removes all rows from a database table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__af57d7228990f4842beafa608dd6b125d">It has the same effect as an unqualified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b718613010586">DELETE</strong> on each table, but it is faster since it does not actually scan the tables. This is most useful on large tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p18900659111712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b7345109105611">TRUNCATE</strong> obtains an ACCESS EXCLUSIVE lock on each table it operates on, which blocks all other concurrent operations on that table. If concurrent access to the table is required, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b84755575567">DELETE</strong> command instead.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__section5258164117111"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ul878427856"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li578417717511"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b1162765335815">TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> has the same function as a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b8627145318582">DELETE</strong> statement with no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b14627185315815">WHERE</strong> clause, emptying a table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li61083133514"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b7456083144625">TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> uses less system and transaction log resources as compared with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b67104755144625">DELETE</strong>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ul102061210627"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li1620616101527"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b64113529144625">DELETE</strong> deletes a row each time, and records the deletion of each row in the transaction log.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li1720711108217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b3244231504">TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> deletes all rows in a table by releasing the data page storing the table data, and records the releasing of the data page only in the transaction log.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li1465718241155">The differences between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b2072610391807">TRUNCATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b1972619391202">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b972633912013">DROP</strong> are as follows:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ul11208110828"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li1220914101523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b59296540015">TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> deletes content, releases space, but does not delete definitions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li121021014220"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b169751232017">DELETE TABLE</strong> deletes content, but does not delete definitions nor release space.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li421116102219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b660071211117">DROP TABLE</strong> deletes content and definitions, and releases space.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__se1a57ccfec154817927056d958d32929"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__u135eab53036f41bbafdc2c301523a208"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l1e6e87b2bfda491da6cd1699cd899344"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__en-us_topic_0058965900_b84235270616652">TRUNCATE</strong> empties a table or set of tables.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__sb029531e2bec4f23a18ac95c225708dd"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONTINUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IDENTITY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ua9bb60ca9396433ba501c31ba58be2ef"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l1f67ac85f57f4cc3a7feb179c5e0f7a7">Truncate the data in a partition.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__s474d838e1a5145b69d9f41b1acc022a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">                       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__s76d09d017f8345e28254aa6f4539e4f1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ub0a19e36b4fc4d188f964a07b16011c3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l36ce209efdb44eed9139ddf63c1bbb9d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a67fdef64a20b4d5bab69b7e0977ce620">ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a54541e4a7b65413fb0119cdd67091633">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b84235270694252">ONLY</strong> is specified, only the specified table is cleared. Otherwise, the table and all its subtables (if any) are cleared.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li6459344161615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a403f72158c71455fab293a3f2a592521">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p1459184431613">Database name of the target table</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__li117865291617"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a77f54bb1d5f84a3b8c05302f3f958438">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p1079652111617">Schema name of the target table</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l69c398319e694324a3255932abb82529"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ad2716b2a5d2643d0b4cb1bf4bb5efad8">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a0441a7adc34f4aa8b91d484e58c1f099">Specifies the name (optionally schema-qualified) of a target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a36667360fc6c42e698a84ad68e4bf291">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l22125bd36a364a778f0e73057f914ac3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__afd83560c78e94943aefaaa26821bfe5f">CONTINUE IDENTITY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__aba2be56ff98241168dbb279766692a79">Does not change the values of sequences. This is the default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__ladf0dd789db941f1bf9774b4b4ad6f30"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a5f9f7c3da3064230b3d456968c0b24e6">CASCADE | RESTRICT</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__u920967ea646b490fbe752eaea52f73d3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l5cb8183c4e294a509003ef2c88501a58"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b842352706161412">CASCADE</strong>: automatically truncates all tables that have foreign-key references to any of the named tables, or to any tables added to the group due to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b17829605054019">CASCADE</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__l01eaac29733f4212b161fe35c0256581"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b842352706161428">RESTRICT</strong> (default): refuses to truncate if any of the tables have foreign-key references from tables that are not listed in the command.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__le9623d23e1d24d63b52bcda64825be3e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a635af836ffbf4ee5aa386cdef9ef4326">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a14326ca2ffd748bbaacb3ea0d974c57d">Indicates the partition in the target partition table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a525b4f86b98c41ea99f08d9f5216b3af">Value range: An existing partition name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__lb89ec0263d40421ab0493f9c85165ff8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a6dd18645440b43a68f9abe4d30fe30b4">partition_value</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a0959fff533ab4422a1af8060e96c342d">Specifies the value of the specified partition key.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a2271ba4fd8254d5cbe634594548d1ba9">The value specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b11013766165312">PARTITION FOR</strong> can uniquely identify a partition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__a723c53c332b7481590d2d8d046a06190">Value range: The partition key of the partition to be deleted.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__note37015691102218"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p22023592102218">When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b06911429142711">PARTITION FOR</strong> clause is used, the entire partition where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b842352706164348">partition_value</strong> is located is cleared.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__s7d61ee022bd94b699b6ea6f2b8da713b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p1559354235014">Clear the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b78836109576">p1</strong> partition of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__b14442121414573">customer_address</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__screen683792011539"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__p14593204213503">Clear a partitioned table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830714__screen1736922105312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0226.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0226.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">VACUUM</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s5f7bdd0d4677446eaa64ae35d4e4368e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a780d55c706514bef9dbf326f1f30a4d4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b19257182614402">VACUUM</strong> reclaims storage space occupied by tables or B-tree indexes. In normal database operation, rows that have been deleted or obsoleted by an update are not physically removed from their table; they remain present until a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1738963220409">VACUUM</strong> is done. Therefore, it is necessary to execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b56508115015">VACUUM</strong> periodically, especially on frequently-updated tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a179e79d60dad4271ba132f8b142a71a1"></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s7e5c0f0dc67f4d92bd42a90da65bdd56"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__u216339b873a44c2696c2ba1bc1de4585"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li139421524202111">With no table specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b65171128220">VACUUM</strong> processes all the tables that the current user has permission to vacuum in the current database. With a table specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1337720401027">VACUUM</strong> processes only that table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__lfd3d3ab4e6d64da29c2a8fb4f099f397">To vacuum a table, you must ordinarily be the table's owner or the system administrator. However, database owners are allowed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b126961147191619">VACUUM</strong> all tables in their databases, except shared catalogs. (The restriction for shared catalogs means that a true database-wide <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b6102617615442">VACUUM</strong> can only be executed by the system administrator). <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1236468015442">VACUUM</strong> skips over any tables that the calling user does not have the permission to vacuum.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l9e21b7f61c554ad0b4973f9586fb6c02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b4417326015442">VACUUM</strong> cannot be executed inside a transaction block.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l383522e91af241e681662fecd8c60100">It is recommended that active production databases be vacuumed frequently (at least nightly), in order to remove dead rows. After adding or deleting a large number of rows, it might be a good idea to execute the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b6201502015442">VACUUM ANALYZE</strong> command for the affected table. This will update the system catalogs with the results of all recent changes, and allow the database query optimizer to make better choices in planning user queries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l2bab399527cd4b2fa97a2da4da801b80"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b50637766161821">FULL</strong> is recommended only in special scenarios. An example is when you have deleted or updated most of the rows in a table and would like the table to physically shrink to occupy less disk space. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b611512434516">VACUUM FULL</strong> will usually shrink the table more than a plain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b152621461556">VACUUM</strong> would. If the physical space usage does not decrease after you run the command, check whether there are other active transactions (that have started before you delete data transactions and not ended before you run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b151151211151120">VACUUM FULL</strong>). If there are such transactions, run this command again when the transactions quit.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l0a6727aa520e416082e887b896e61a99"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b6661830315442">VACUUM</strong> causes a substantial increase in I/O traffic, which might cause poor performance for other active sessions. Therefore, you are advised to do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b2027861116616">VACUUM</strong> to the database when services are not busy.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l9bade9059c964dd88290ec76ff1149e5">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b6269381615442">VERBOSE</strong> is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b2737343715442">VACUUM</strong> prints progress messages to indicate which table is currently being processed. Various statistics about the tables are printed as well. However, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b3239936124014">VERBOSE</strong> option is specified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b5244436144013">VACUUM</strong> executed for column-store tables, no output will be displayed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l0995fb8a8957452e9dd55c61e76e6780">When the option list is surrounded by parentheses, the options can be written in any order. If there are no brackets, the options must be given in the order displayed in the syntax.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li17588174212372"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706135448">VACUUM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706135451">VACUUM FULL</strong> clear deleted tuples after the delay specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b84235270613553">vacuum_defer_cleanup_age</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li18270174310219"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1883765910718">VACUUM ANALYZE</strong> performs a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b2095818561973">VACUUM</strong> and then an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b214313551076">ANALYZE</strong> for each selected table. This is a handy combination form for routine maintenance scripts.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li879952162614">Plain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b99497966652410">VACUUM</strong> (without <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b109213457552410">FULL</strong>) recycles space and makes it available for reuse. This form of the command can operate in parallel with normal reading and writing of the table, as an exclusive lock is not obtained. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b46267859052410">VACUUM FULL</strong> executes wider processing, including moving rows across blocks to compress tables so they occupy minimum number of disk blocks. This form is much slower and requires an exclusive lock on each table while it is being processed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li664011311819">When you do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b463763613374">VACUUM</strong> to a column-store table, the following operations are internally performed: data in the delta table is migrated to the primary table, and the delta and desc tables of the primary table are vacuumed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b142413694014">VACUUM</strong> does not reclaim the storage space of the delta table. To reclaim it, do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b154873823710">VACUUM DELTAMERGE</strong> to the column-store table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li1039564945512">If you perform VACUUM FULL when a long-running query accesses a system table, the long-running query may prevent VACUUM FULL from accessing the system table. As a result, the connection times out and an error is reported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s4b75675b19e94f2495504d35844b9d8c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__u39b8a29fed5d4a5395afcc9a26478535"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l88ef7230373c4283bf45744079953ecc">Reclaim space and update statistics information, with no requirements for the order of keywords.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__sd21f5016f55343f2836d700533a9cd51"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FREEZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l7ebe0c5a127344028b6dedb72126858b">Reclaim space, without updating statistics information.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s3c5480df05c34bbdb1549263d1b502d5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">COMPACT</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FREEZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l4ea7e71c9b174f669a3b044b14d48a14">Reclaim space and update statistics information, with a specific order of keywords required.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s9ca41f0090ba42d0b8d94e564ecdab1c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FREEZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l3116df7d0a5348c3b9a0458b427d82fb">For HDFS and column-store tables, migrate data from the delta table to the primary table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s254c3369a8824ff9956f4c2beb7d0cdf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DELTAMERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l5340ea229cd2495a8dd7c0e38b978bdf">For HDFS tables, delete the empty value partition directory of HDFS table in HDFS storage.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__se137166a469245e9a53a27d466caad8a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HDFSDIRECTORY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__se83e416dc0b242ca98b7568cca0d3721"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__uf0e23e064b1f4a23a7c36f51b83c6d9a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l524bf909d24d42a0889f9f4210f5c660"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a1bccac88dcf445c295e876f24440c9bd">FULL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a5bec58eb5e1248548f092ba85ca2f9f4">Selects "FULL" vacuum, which can reclaim more space, but takes much longer and exclusively locks the table. This method also requires additional disk space, because it writes a new copy of the table and does not free the old copy until the operation is complete. Generally, this option is used only when a large amount of space needs to be reclaimed from a table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__aa42be404223a48a49d7f76d2daaf1e08"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706164957">FULL</strong> options can also contain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706165018">COMPACT</strong> parameter, which is only used for the HDFS table. Specifying the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b892175117112335">COMPACT</strong> parameter improves <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b514019716112319">VACUUM FULL</strong> operation performance.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__ac90ba3677dbf483b9e3b40bbd9f54917"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706165341">COMPACT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b842352706165344">PARTITION</strong> cannot be used at the same time.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__n57895ae63892457d800aea87a40bf72d"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a133139aecff44a10b80c73391a72e3b5">Using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b18651614151617">FULL</strong> will cause statistics missing. To collect statistics, add the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b160011119172">ANALYZE</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1185081913171">VACUUM FULL</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l51b262d8b6b64691b133af48cea732ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a6e9340ced0084094a6ebdaced44baa1b">FREEZE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a58abd6b93c3e4697a898b75d057c04a8">Is equivalent to executing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b5005541115263">VACUUM</strong> with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b2795648515263">vacuum_freeze_min_age</strong> parameter set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b4988279915263">zero</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l8c7d8b480e4b427ba07e95e817f58f57"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a88b01d5ef1904ee5b9ebddac91287d87">VERBOSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a445bdae44d784b2ca1e86c0812f7ad85">Prints a detailed vacuum activity report for each table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l8bd1eb6b8d9a4be091b980ff32a5004a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a3fee0c4c7ceb472dbe7fad548c89c656">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a246e780aefda41d5a3052589f31d6245">Updates statistics used by the planner to determine the most efficient way to execute a query.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l1ee21fb7ce8a4f0ea39040c12b3c58cd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a885f61484dc44005a4c28eb72d84db29">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__ad467aa7239404197aa852226a39149c3">Indicates the name (optionally schema-qualified) of a specific table to vacuum.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__ac96f70dcd0cf43e988ca430aaed24ef4">Value range: The name of a specific table to vacuum. Defaults are all tables in the current database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l37a69e2ca3054404a702f6248fc8986a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a846e9d4698074065a002ad3e6e1ce0bd">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a0e6052d387de4ed0807902e51eff4869">Indicates the name of a specific field to analyze.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a67e50e8ba0344c5fbc676abb00b57468">Value range: Indicates the name of a specific field to analyze. Defaults are all columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l541d88b952e3461b8646e75f31ba15bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a18bf6d74016845a7823a354e5d67c1aa">PARTITION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a791c43e8c9c444548bc992651a684f97">HDFS table does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b118679643916565">PARTITION</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1386083275165546">COMPACT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b450013450165546">PARTITION</strong> cannot be used at the same time.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__lb45a48b077ef4938aa8e27258f330009"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a39f9f7f6a0dc4547831d898d6d2030eb">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a71e10e8f0fad44068e7157c014b747dc">Indicates the partition name of a specific table to vacuum. Defaults are all partitions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__l39da84c8002046578a19e9c44ca4f025"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a8dc44d683b564b13a31a144b298b53d8">DELTAMERGE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__ab4de1ceec20b46d6901f5c3762f66994">(For HDFS and column-store tables) Migrates data from the delta table to primary tables. If the data volume of the delta table is less than 60,000 rows, the data will not be migrated. Otherwise, the data will be migrated to HDFS, and the delta table will be cleared by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b12490613142218">TRUNCATE</strong>. For a column-store table, this operation always transfers all data in the delta table to the CU.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__note17960739113014"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p1396014390304">The following DFX functions are provided to return the data storage in the delta table of a column-store table (for an HDFS table, it can be returned by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b91894954813">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong>):</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__ul6513181416330"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li1515214113311">pgxc_get_delta_info(TEXT): The input parameter is a column-store table name. The delta table information on each node is collected and displayed, including the number of active tuples, table size, and maximum block ID.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__li19515914183313">get_delta_info(TEXT): The input parameter is a column-store table name. The system summarizes the results returned from pgxc_get_delta_info and returns the total number of active tuples, total table size, and maximum block ID in the delta table. When querying delta information about a temporary table, you need to specify the schema of the temporary table. Otherwise, an error is reported, indicating that the table cannot be found.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__leb71aec9ff894fe59875a6eb504d9b21"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a2f797b6c271c4025bbc29fc9eea5ecbc">HDFSDIRECTORY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__a8aa91fe0414e48b4b43eb784e23a8bca">Deletes the empty value partition directory of HDFS table in HDFS storage for HDFS table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__s12262122d2d24f618cc6d20821bd0807"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p322952914910">Delete all tables in the current database.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__screen87801933111315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p18386141217413">Reclaim the space of partition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b24931949101512">P2</strong> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b64941537155"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__text5689123719919">tpcds.</span>web_returns_p1</strong> table without updating statistics.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__screen6130652195011"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">P2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p375188173315">Reclaim the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b1388917165911"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__text1630541297">tpcds.</span>web_returns_p1</strong> table and update statistics.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__screen177512814336"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web_returns_p1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p182058269134">Delete all tables in the current database and collect statistics about the query optimizer.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__screen14088410151"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__p78071095316">Delete only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__b18901229144">reason</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830717__screen1827111503113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VACUUM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0118.html">DDL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0227.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0227.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8084be19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0227.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830563"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830563"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">DML Syntax</h1>
+
+  <div id="body1602570830785"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830563__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0228.html">DML Syntax Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0229.html">CALL</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0230.html">COPY</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0231.html">DELETE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0232.html">EXPLAIN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0233.html">EXPLAIN PLAN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0234.html">LOCK</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0235.html">MERGE INTO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0275.html">INSERT and UPSERT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0240.html">UPDATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0241.html">VALUES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0228.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0228.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6cb7e316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0228.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DML Syntax Overview</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__en-us_topic_0059778364_p138696282510">Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to perform operations on data in database tables, such as inserting, updating, querying, or deleting data.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s642f0c247fa748b4ab6971448f9d91b6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Insert Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__a74d824b167ca4bd49792e466290551bd">Inserting data refers to adding one or multiple records to a database table. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0236.html">INSERT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s65193250dcd84c92bab592bcf0e0fae3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Updating Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__afa745271a7cd4d5ea887228a7c57fd77">Modifying data refers to modifying one or multiple records in a database table. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0240.html">UPDATE</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s4fb3cf2b2afd4f33ac389caff6932298"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Querying Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__a1f6b60ff27224cf78fa1032294aa1b7c">The database query statement <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__b8046067274049">SELECT</strong> is used to search required information in a database. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s30563427f3dd4465bcd6dab062c47424"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Deleting Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__ab3676fdb695d458ea799517ecbe56968">For details about how to delete data that meets specified conditions from a table, see <a href="dws_06_0231.html">DELETE</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__sb9fed96c0be84d20a7e2425c2da441df"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Copying Data</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__a02d9db751cd04014aea66486f6532155"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__text1546659286">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a statement for copying data between tables and files. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0230.html">COPY</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s9ef5e945888c49eebce8da5ed431e23e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Locking a Table</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__a5ec940f1215a41b9a69a6a821a9c1c9f"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__text1179870984">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides multiple lock modes to control concurrent accesses to table data. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0234.html">LOCK</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__s59b678787f544cf8b4bf22c19db482d0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Run the following statement to invoke the function:</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__a9b09ff46496e4f26999f6d8f456f91d1"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150834__text1949505382">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides three statements for invoking functions. These statements are the same in the syntax structure. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0229.html">CALL</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0229.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0229.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6008449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0229.html
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CALL</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s15629145a18c4b82a05c951b4c5fc2e2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__a47f998f934404403b326c881e35849ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b1213283943415">CALL</strong> calls defined functions or stored procedures.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s4a3d6f9d884744ec9cb831d8c8e3bc69"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__a9d3af8efe6d2401daf1b30aa11bbcdd4">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s7fc340df289c4d5a8efddb577cacc516"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s707f1a31e00f4272b6d11922b0ac13c3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="p">.]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">func_name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">procedure_name</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param_expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s5adb040eb0df43148659dda025899832"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__uf35c83843d4c44cb9e897f68818ad8b1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__l1a213bb9ce9c45cebd82ad047c23f0c2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__aa65ea12db6954472819fe339004e0d93">schema</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__a14a090ab4c8d4f65ace8b3db8fe82550">Specifies the name of the schema where a function or stored procedure is located.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__lb069d96d35b24432a5555e4fbc9c75ae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__a9597dab42edc42669a8aa1733602ca6b">func_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__ab6566303aa384c3c9030052b4e26fee8">Specifies the name of the function or stored procedure to be called.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__ac2739921be29463daafe448d82ac05c7">Value range: an existing function name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__lf70b1569d54a4cf4a02dca2188b756ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__afdf14a40bc774b23981ebc7a4414ea6b">param_expr</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__ad0624f22bf0c4c83b9dbd4578ddf9524">Specifies a list of parameters in the function. Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b84235270691227">:=</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b84235270691231">=&gt;</strong> to separate a parameter name and its value. This method allows parameters to be placed in any order. If only parameter values are in the list, the value order must be the same as that defined in the function or stored procedure.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__aa8abe7f2e5ab4532b7b3c99e83289a25">Value range: names of existing function or stored procedure parameters</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__n7a143b54bbc14f4f9a2e4442325f3cd6"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__aa12355c41d3b4364a5c1c1c706701058">The parameters include input parameters (whose name and type are separated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b5659374004135">IN</strong>) and output parameters (whose name and type are separated by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b3381410924135">OUT</strong>). When you run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b13122739904135">CALL</strong> statement to call a function or stored procedure, the parameter list must contain an output parameter for non-overloaded functions. You can set the output parameter to a variable or any constant. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s573ee29c39fc4f11b27b21a603ec6b59">Examples</a>. For an overloaded package function, the parameter list can have no output parameter, but the function may not be found. If an output parameter is contained, it must be a constant.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s573ee29c39fc4f11b27b21a603ec6b59"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__s573ee29c39fc4f11b27b21a603ec6b59"></a><a name="s573ee29c39fc4f11b27b21a603ec6b59"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p4726150111220">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__b3104112732119">func_add_sql</strong> function to compute the sum of two integers and return the result.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen132561830145816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p207265507122">Transfer based on parameter values.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen146327559584"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p1572613501120">Transfer based on the naming flags.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen4516736108"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p187267503123">Delete the function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen196718341623"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p177261350201220">Create a function with output parameters.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen778925819216"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_increment_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p57264505125">Set output parameters to constants.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen5295204318314"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_increment_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p15726185010129">Set output parameters to variables.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen36091391046"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">func_increment_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p772612507127">Create overloaded functions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen164615556612"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">declare</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">col_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">122</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'two out parameters '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen5559459869"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span>
+<span class="normal">9</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">replace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">procedure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">as</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">declare</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">col_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">begin</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'122'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'two varchar parameters '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">end</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p1727650171219">Call a function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen851273013712"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'test'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">call</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">package_func_overload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__p4727195061210">Delete a function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710865__screen114271351083"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_increment_sql</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">COPY</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s8e82872062954913be9d7d26a370222b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a7be60e4cf7eb42fe9bce6d0bfccfdbae"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b51860001122926">COPY</strong> copies data between tables and files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a74ed086b136049ae99a36655d743bd1b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b39910573122926">COPY FROM</strong> copies data from a file to a table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b23650845122926">COPY TO</strong> copies data from a table to a file.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s8b84a878cc914d469af086885a4ba6e9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Important Notes</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ucd6a5af8657d49b9b5fbe1e24c70162d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l64168e73393743f19e9da490bffed117">If CNs and DNs are enabled in security mode, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b544373713169">COPY FROM FILENAME</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b34441374169">COPY TO FILENAME</strong> cannot be used. Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b19444123771620">\copy</strong> to avoid this problem, for details, see "FAQs &gt; Data Import and Export &gt; How Do I Use \copy to Import and Export Data?" in the <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__i12444133719169">Data Warehouse Service User Guide</em>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l9ade8c8ce3f540af98589b46a524fa9d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b81261328114212">COPY</strong> applies to only tables and does not apply to views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1a481a49024b4de7bf81c1d9df99a684">To insert data to a table, you must have the permission to insert data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l06b04e6cc01b47b5abc7bd9e0fb32655">If a list of columns are specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b43090421122926">COPY</strong> will only copy the data in the specified columns to or from the file. If there are any columns in the table that are not in the column list, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b52269472122926">COPY FROM</strong> will insert the default values for those columns.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l339afa5176fa463ab9d2108bed9d59ec">If a source data file is specified, the file must be accessible from the server. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b137062531797">STDIN</strong> is specified, data is transmitted between the client and server. Separate columns by pressing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b970715531899">Tab</strong>. Enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b147081753691">\.</strong> in a new line to indicate the end of input.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lecd2e963d5a347c58bcdeb59fbe2b675">If the number of columns in a row of the data file is smaller or larger than the expected number, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b13711482122926">COPY FROM</strong> displays an error message.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l852137960d6840cc81e67449ccf7d976">A backslash and a period (\.) indicate the end of data. The end identifier is not required for reading data from a file and is required for copying data between client applications.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l61b70bf73cc348ee96043ba2ca62b3d6">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b20523811141224">COPY FROM</strong>, "\N" indicates an empty character string, and "\\N" indicates the actual data "\N".</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ufd3e26d8790a40028e2fca121893d234"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l449355ed39a24e76aee3f7a80d3a2fac"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270691756">COPY FROM</strong> does not support pre-processing of data during data import, for example, expression calculation and default value filling. If you need to perform pre-processing during data import, you need to import the data to a temporary table, and then run SQL statements to insert data to the table using expression or function operations. However, this method may cause I/O expansion, deteriorating data import performance.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld3f8301e932b4f1c8e2fd90302aa99ea">Transactions will be rolled back when data format errors occur during <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270692934">COPY FROM</strong> execution. In this case, error information is insufficient so you cannot easily locate the incorrect data from a large amount of raw data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l135af0e15a364782859c53e1adc3252c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270693156">COPY FROM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270693225">COPY TO</strong> apply to low concurrency and local data import and export in small amount.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s6fbcab66f64b4a3ca5aa9758b4d13189"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u2b8f1073ec4b42949019e7d492995454"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0e182c4c96b44eddb06ff090ae496bd0">Copy the data from a file to a table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s25c1b518d9254284b4a4c1456fa292a7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STDIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITERS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'delimiters'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ESCAPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ERRORS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ERRORS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'limit'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FIXED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMATTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n81dfb639c9fd4af08e974eeea4d45ee8"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a7fc07fde00da45c0bf3c79534323fc05">In the SQL syntax, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706163311_1">FIXED</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706163317_1">FORMATTER ( { column_name( offset, length ) } [, ...] )</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706163324_1">[ ( option [, ...] ) | copy_option [ ...] ]</strong> can be in any sequence.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l10be9405c1c44e6d9aa76ff1d8a65c61">Copy the data from a table to a file.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__sb042283a20fd46a6ac8f516bcf47467b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STDOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITERS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'delimiters'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ESCAPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FIXED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMATTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STDOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITHOUT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ESCAPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FIXED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMATTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n75944ec3d45b49058c70a98229c3ce1f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__o381157cdb0d84622999f7bf5b29f4fe9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5b4ebba2396742a0b0984eb77655897f">The syntax constraints of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b75750170515458">COPY TO</strong> are as follows:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a69e1e7f0bfbd48978d26bde9699c3fa3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616344">(query)</strong> is incompatible with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163412">[USING] DELIMITER</strong>. If the data of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163418">COPY TO</strong> comes from a query result, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163423">COPY TO</strong> cannot specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163428">[USING] DELIMITERS</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l98a82990db0a4f9888cf63d93d1bea1e">Use spaces to separate <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163449">copy_option</strong> following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163527">FIXED FORMATTER</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfb9e50cc9f0d427f9e078917f6d0c9d9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163536">copy_option</strong> is the native parameter, while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616362">option</strong> is the parameter imported by a compatible foreign table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf54f0f254b3c46be80009168821dee08">In the SQL syntax, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2001407173">FIXED</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b171918747">FORMATTER ( { column_name( offset, length ) } [, ...] )</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b552316957">[ ( option [, ...] ) | copy_option [ ...] ]</strong> can be in any sequence.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p9816315484">The syntax of the optional parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163650">option</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__sb7fda4959ca042b8b3df4317b8825fb5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'format_name'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OIDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELIMITER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'delimiter_character'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'null_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HEADER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FILEHEADER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'header_file_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FREEZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'quote_character'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ESCAPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'escape_character'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'newline_character'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOESCAPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORCE_QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORCE_NOT_NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'encoding_name'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FILL_MISSING_FIELDS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATE_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'date_format_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIME_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'time_format_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIMESTAMP_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp_format_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'smalldatetime_format_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p16427156184817">The syntax of optional parameter in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163746">copy_option</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s24878b7e53964db8be8417be6848d2c8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">OIDS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'null_string'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HEADER</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FILEHEADER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'header_file_string'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FREEZE</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORCE_NOT_NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORCE_QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">BINARY</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CSV</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QUOTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'quote_character'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ESCAPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'escape_character'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EOL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'newline_character'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ENCODING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'encoding_name'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FILL_MISSING_FIELDS</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DATE_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'date_format_string'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIME_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'time_format_string'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIMESTAMP_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'timestamp_format_string'</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'smalldatetime_format_string'</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__sbc8fc7b73e6b4fc1b1c64ece1fe71c3e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u16891ce476224652aced50f337361555"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l01a0c63b622f4e58aad1f9ff1b805fe6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ab1736a9875f3436fb2e81061c60203b9">query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a7d1044b6e9a849b2979131fbb3c45d39">Indicates that the results are to be copied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3bac7f3bf3e04ba186052cb88b5f048f">Value range: a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1011483211384">SELECT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1399504011384">VALUES</strong> command in parentheses</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lbf01e6f786494de6a7b3ea89a2c35a1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8b940b55a7a9482a9205ec5561979042">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a801fd129663143aa9158a8abc8ad988c">Specifies the name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a17cb10b5b0384fa5a079b6d7ea1a61ce">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5662e15db9c7453cb08c39c6cff127e6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a1be29576b9a94efd91275927a9b870e0">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa96710734128485a91de554ad17676b2">Indicates an optional list of columns to be copied.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a96c1c8ce5c5e486b8d7a8d67b91f4d31">Value range: If no column list is specified, all columns of the table will be copied.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld6c5b16a3fe44d188b3ca47f11d14aa9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac5401a4f091d4b5699a8c12b3388c68e">STDIN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ae7882eabe0d346fe9ec9d4e312db1ee8">Indicates that the input comes from the client application.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc5f4b78d72d345d48a3311e359817448"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3bbd6b25d9bd4722ac748d0b59fbc4c6">STDOUT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a300107c710234f02b2585e2f2419dd53">Indicates that output goes to the client application.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l19370f97fd4e45248f1c6370579e81b0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac5e4cf9934a04e04bd2fc59e14b557ea">FIXED</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a9c44c87335104a5db48d4c209018f8da">Fixes column length. When the column length is fixed, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706163953">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616400">NULL</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616404">CSV</strong> cannot be specified. When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164011">FIXED</strong> is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164016">BINARY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164021">CSV</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164025">TEXT</strong> cannot be specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164033">option</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164037">copy_option</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n0f65a190133842e38d6a4287291e67b4"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a50f97a0b01244d988db0069be4a75059">The definition of fixed length:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__odd1615811d984814a8d57ac802bc3571"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l21f4a799cb8b4f0aaaf01060f4e761ca">The column length of each record is the same.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l8a018c3896c344699ae09d4e4a864605">Spaces are added to short columns. Digit type columns must be left-aligned, and character columns must be right-aligned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l9c374f3994214d07a31286b9523770a4">No delimiters are used between columns.</li></ol>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l740d1216053f4f329c3cef78a9b7cbe9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_b191741516451">[USING] DELIMITER 'delimiters'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_p268519516511">The string that separates columns within each row (line) of the file, and it cannot be larger than 10 bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_p3685855520">Value range: The delimiter cannot include any of the following characters: \.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_p4685651259">Value range: The default value is a tab character in text format and a comma in CSV format.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf03ea30618b543949c9d63205946f8fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2e00ff21f55b4cd2baadca9ec95cdedd">WITHOUT ESCAPING</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_p16995541163">In TEXT, do not escape a backslash (\) and the characters that follow it.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_p199951641163">Value range: text only.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li162903912203"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b154483962017">LOG ERRORS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p20441039102010">If this parameter is specified, the error tolerance mechanism for data type errors in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706125925">COPY FROM</strong> statement is enabled. Row errors are recorded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613013">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> table in the database for future reference.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p16441139142010">Value range: A value set while data is imported using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613044">COPY FROM</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note5441539192013"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p12601239142019">The restrictions of this error tolerance parameter are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ul44335573167"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li106033922016">This error tolerance mechanism captures only the data type errors (DATA_EXCEPTION) that occur during data parsing of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2281105471020">COPY FROM</strong> on a CN. Other errors, such as network errors between CNs and DNs or expression conversion errors on DNs, are not captured.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1787012318175">Before enabling error tolerance for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613657">COPY FROM</strong> for the first time in a database, check whether the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613741">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> table exists. If it does not, call the copy_error_log_create() function to create it. If it does, copy its data elsewhere and call the copy_error_log_create() function to create the table. For details about columns in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b816617413612">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> table, see <a href="dws_06_0062.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990696__table138318280213">Table 1</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li287051141720">While a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613138">COPY FROM</strong> statement with specified <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706131321">LOG ERRORS</strong> is being executed, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706131150">public.pgxc_copy_error_log</strong> does not exist or does not have the table definitions compliant with the predefined in copy_error_log_create(), an error will be reported. Ensure that the error table is created using the copy_error_log_create() function. Otherwise, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b310867271104053">COPY FROM</strong> statements with error tolerance may fail to be run.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1241701719174">If existing error tolerance parameters (for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706131752">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA</strong>) of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706131755">COPY</strong> statement are enabled, the error of the corresponding type will be processed as specified by the parameters and no error will be reported. Therefore, the error table does not contain such error data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1675539142014">The coverage scope of this error tolerance mechanism is the same as that of a GDS foreign table. You are advised to filter query results based on table names or the timestamp of marking the start of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132028">COPY FROM</strong> statement execution. For details about how to process error data, see the section about handling error tables.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li153881716267"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b538161714267">LOG ERRORS DATA</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p16951155103018">The differences between <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b12361937153212">LOG ERRORS DATA</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b15818124193216">LOG ERRORS</strong> are as follows:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ol15607114310526"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li560854315523"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1947216522325">LOG ERRORS DATA</strong> fills the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b5515135903217">rawrecord</strong> field in the error tolerance table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li199024619520">Only users with the super permission can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b966242163316">LOG ERRORS DATA</strong> parameter.<div class="caution" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note1565131519919"><span class="cautiontitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/caution_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="cautionbody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p22629199593">If error content is too complex, it may fail to be written to the error tolerance table by using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b15333640183020">LOG ERRORS DATA</strong>, causing the task failure.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ol>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li17011211807"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1540919443400">REJECT LIMIT <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b155977171310">'</strong>limit'</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p870619211303">Used with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613222">LOG ERROR</strong> parameter to set the upper limit of the tolerated errors in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132250">COPY FROM</strong> statement. If the number of errors exceeds the limit, later errors will be reported based on the original mechanism.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p1670852114013">Value range: a positive integer (1 to INTMAX) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132351">unlimited</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p414213351743">Default value: If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132455">LOG ERRORS</strong> is not specified, an error will be reported. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132522">LOG ERRORS</strong> is specified, the default value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132531">0</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note19362145221020"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p19371115241018">Different from the GDS error tolerance mechanism, in the error tolerance mechanism described in the description of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270613264">LOG ERRORS</strong>, the count of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132911">REJECT LIMIT</strong> is calculated based on the number of data parsing errors on the CN where the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706132956">COPY FROM</strong> statement is run, not based on the number of errors on each DN.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l429b7343916949b79b125db3c47223e3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac74c16bb6cf14fd09d8992b29feba0fb">FORMATTER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac029862abfa948e8adc2952a6658eb73">Defining the location of each column in the data file in fixed length mode. Defining the place of each column in the data file based on column (offset, length) format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac877cf0cbedd412bb70b00f59ad53c2b">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__uf4ec5b53925c4ceebf9445864fa36dcb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lbc804f4ab7f94addbe89ede5cf0bbed4">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706151114">offset</strong> must be larger than 0. The unit is byte.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6581ae95024940d79c33a6bbe3fc9471">The value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706151118">length</strong> must be larger than 0. The unit is byte.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a9421dd0f442145008b84a36dde34919c">The total length of all columns must be less than 1 GB.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa002f8c64d3942e4800f45fd2da4b250">Replace columns that are not in the file with NULL.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l792524d9e2f140d79f238ea0056c4549"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a9c62dca5696a4adb954298f8e0dea193">OPTION { option_name ' value '  }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8d0d0165dfcf4e1a83af83feb3487b84">Specifies all types of parameters of a compatible foreign table.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u4a709612be7e4c12af7c387366d6692c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l61d51fbdb28e4eac9676e1544350f2ae">FORMAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2c73c8ae21624bf9981672b561a68d00"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l61d51fbdb28e4eac9676e1544350f2ae"></a><a name="l61d51fbdb28e4eac9676e1544350f2ae"></a>Specifies the format of the source data file in the foreign table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ad13c12962477411ba56f39dd4652eddc">Value range: CSV, TEXT, FIXED, and BINARY.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u97e751d138634765bbe0d18d1590f9b7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l44280144a97d4d74953c2202e8079fe8">The CSV file can process newline characters efficiently, but cannot process certain special characters well.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__le400e706a15246b2a5b0aa2a7bd982ab">The TEXT file can process special characters efficiently, but cannot process newline character well.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l26c5819284534ad2987afb9337cf453a">The FIXED file can process newline characters in data columns efficiently, but cannot process special characters well.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0fa7319276ee4c0cb99f7e5ae6717e1b">All data in the BINARY file is stored/read as binary format rather than as text. It is faster than the text and CSV formats, but a binary-format file is less portable.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a7bcf214b279c4ec98e9210f05f5f8be8">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b8423527061105">TEXT</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l66307742448d40b29886487a3186acfc">OIDS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a073878571a7848ec97b47bf7a792cce0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l66307742448d40b29886487a3186acfc"></a><a name="l66307742448d40b29886487a3186acfc"></a>Copies the OID for each row.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nfa4c90d5890f459490ba8fee5dc51baf"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a396a7556a42340cabf478024fc19f917">An error is raised if OIDs are specified for a table that does not have OIDs, or in the case of copying a query.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aab44894495ac42a2ab5dd8e1a29c547e">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706174916">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616240">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b8423527061633">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706174924">off</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ae573528c25ad4aae9006774e94a95bb3">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270611018">false</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l180d9627b43b4df9baca4ba02d302d80">DELIMITER<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ad9d8cfd09ce045eaafbeccfa55202a8e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l180d9627b43b4df9baca4ba02d302d80"></a><a name="l180d9627b43b4df9baca4ba02d302d80"></a>Specifies the character that separates columns within each row (line) of the file.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nddd815a05539414dba062d1eb7aa908a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__uf444121609e448e09608a06202b9c041"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6ad4d0af79684830b12e0e49efbc04e6">A delimiter cannot be \r or \n.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leffd8acbe214417980039c8d64e52979">A delimiter cannot be the same as null. The delimiter for CSV cannot be same as quote.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5fa804deed3144bf818e420de8b898d6">The delimiter for the TEXT format data cannot contain lowercase letters, digits, or dot (.).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l85e9f37fe3ed4043975e7b32afdf1f75">The data length of a single row should be less than 1 GB. If the delimiters are too long and there are too many rows, the length of valid data will be affected.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l906ba57ecee84cbda060f34df6c0d1c7">You are advised to use multi-characters and invisible characters for delimiters. For example, you can use multi-characters (such as $^&amp;) and invisible characters (such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1639415351314">For a multi-character delimiter, do not use the same characters, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b186897444714">---</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a856321e0d1e14ed6bc31e52832bfe8db">Value range: multi-character delimiter within 10 bytes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a220a23cb554d47ef80b5baf36ba916dc">Default value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u7ca6fe903ddc49fcaba2eb58cc44e7c1"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1db044aba3bc45f29f79072cd1395bad">A tab character in TEXT format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7fd346897bad4035be9841cea9d63b1a">A comma (,) in CSV format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leb869f09509748fc93ea6b5d90cb3244">No delimiter in FIXED format</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lb22246b36069406087d183e5706b2bb3">NULL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a02baac4156e84de8994cd127413fa59e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lb22246b36069406087d183e5706b2bb3"></a><a name="lb22246b36069406087d183e5706b2bb3"></a>Specifies the string that represents a null value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a774b70bd730e415cb30dad82abadf2cb">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ue2cd4bfbb5f44554ba276d492069039a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l385f38d434da41058a9ba7815cac070c">The null value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706105357">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270610545">\n</strong>. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l73aeda5a14b14acf824780bb24f23e65">The null value cannot be the same as the delimiter or quote parameter.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ab538be2ab4cc4e05b81dd01a8ada79dd">Default value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__uc5fc47edc4a04022a3fd8014922c0e11"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l74846ae7cd3f4fef865f3ca352cf7fe1">An empty string without quotation marks in CSV format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf0fc263149124fb0a285b1300a241c95"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b8423527061586">\N</strong> in TEXT format</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l9facdd1c42604711a217f2b0bebf0f7e">HEADER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a59312d71a2d840949e26b1582526476e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l9facdd1c42604711a217f2b0bebf0f7e"></a><a name="l9facdd1c42604711a217f2b0bebf0f7e"></a>Specifies whether a file contains a header with the names of each column in the file. header is available only for CSV and FIXED files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a05f7826e8caa4822a8995814a2c463e7">When data is imported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1353543514210">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b20541335164216">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as title row and ignored. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b530603712421">off</strong>, the first row is identified as data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a0a74d9d60d794234bfe1662ea2672a43">When data is exported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b7691538184213">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b46923384425">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b13692113874210">fileheader</strong> must be specified. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1100411425">off</strong>, the exported file does not include a title row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a5144b7e1137b49aeb5ae1bc44f71e22a">Value range: true, on, false, and off</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac61f07e5be00470494c5c165174430a7">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2006483159">false</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7bd2ae37b4f043da870176482053e0a3">QUOTE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a97f2d9f540214c9e9b3ed0cac256128c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7bd2ae37b4f043da870176482053e0a3"></a><a name="l7bd2ae37b4f043da870176482053e0a3"></a>Specifies the quote character for a CSV file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a9fc45fcd5d6b40108c24c9eb117abc8c">Default value: double quotation mark ("")</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nbf8ef1ef0b1a4b069732d8483808cf93"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u7162b8fa2bf64f9ea11f6957a22ca83c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lcef5a0741ae94ef89b84720a077ebebc">The quote parameter cannot be the same as the delimiter or null parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l13b9a703bdb0414d9ee7693c8eb71160">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270614567">quote</strong> parameter must be a single one-byte character.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf4e0bc005d254606bfea9ba1cf37e70a">Invisible characters are recommended as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b193398281611139">quote</strong> values, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0849c477de42452dbf449c47de0f5e3a">ESCAPE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a603f66b910934efea59e7208200dc3fb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0849c477de42452dbf449c47de0f5e3a"></a><a name="l0849c477de42452dbf449c47de0f5e3a"></a>This option is allowed only when using CSV format. This must be a single one-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a417cc5ba1ac84697b3fe08194e615ec4">Default value: the same as the value of QUOTE</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1968610514119">EOL 'newline_character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p146921450411"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1968610514119"></a><a name="li1968610514119"></a>Specifies the newline character style of the imported or exported data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p18695175184113">Value range: multi-character newline characters within 10 bytes. Common newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b767555554312">\r</strong> (0x0D), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b094011413443">\n</strong> (0x0A), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b18864399442">\r\n</strong> (0x0D0A). Special newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b319422144516">$</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b590392444518">#</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note1244681614431"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ul344811161432"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li104171424719">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b15339948101311">EOL</strong> parameter supports only the TEXT format for data import and export and does not support the CSV or FIXED format for data import. For forward compatibility, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b7308105912511">EOL</strong> parameter can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b437091011615">0x0D</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1537061011618">0x0D0A</strong> for data export in the CSV and FIXED formats.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li1145113166433">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1155661525213">EOL</strong> parameter cannot be the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b174591434922">DELIMITER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1769112371525">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li20456216114313">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b440733412464">EOL</strong> parameter value cannot contain lowercase letters, digits, or dots (.).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lbf61ee96feda46d694dd09bddb5e5b8b">FORCE_QUOTE { ( column_name [, ...] ) | * }<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a10da10f0e4d2454684750255d86dbf5a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lbf61ee96feda46d694dd09bddb5e5b8b"></a><a name="lbf61ee96feda46d694dd09bddb5e5b8b"></a>Forces quoting to be used for all non-null values in each specified column. This option is allowed only in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b3895172812155">COPY TO</strong>, and only when using the CSV format. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b16675428914">NULL</strong> values are not quoted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a893019e0c1b74d3080c0bd6954167075">Value range: an existing column</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7cf266708c474297ac3f6a85d790e353">FORCE_NOT_NULL ( column_name [, ...] )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a76033febe6c644ca8e4332dd9e977d22"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7cf266708c474297ac3f6a85d790e353"></a><a name="l7cf266708c474297ac3f6a85d790e353"></a>Does not match the specified columns' values against the null string. This option is allowed only in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b36008097141224">COPY FROM</strong>, and only when using the CSV format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a4dede87cfdf34a75848650cd902e4e59">Value range: an existing column</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1f5756d4b23347b9b1ea9477250ce2a1">ENCODING<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2bf086374f8444d6a2e0141606299189"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1f5756d4b23347b9b1ea9477250ce2a1"></a><a name="l1f5756d4b23347b9b1ea9477250ce2a1"></a>Specifies that the file is encoded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b8423527061717">encoding_name</strong>. If this option is omitted, the current encoding format is used by default.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc74350155b224c67ad87ed48f933bf44">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a9292b1d376f347f3ae9a2528740f3201"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc74350155b224c67ad87ed48f933bf44"></a><a name="lc74350155b224c67ad87ed48f933bf44"></a>When the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, whether ignoring excessive columns at the end of the row. This parameter is available only during data importing.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a4c72f9b91db2424fb27a019d0837230f">Value range: true/on, false/off.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ue6e29025b10c422095a237b432fc4cf3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l36e57a78c3da40c59954752a643249c7">When this parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270617123">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706171516">on</strong> and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, excessive columns will be ignored.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l8355b1f38ae04a0683915bbc4f299cb8">If the parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270622548">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270622551">off</strong>, and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, the following error information will be displayed:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s44c38a5e9f2c420d979a3dc0fcac95b0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">after</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a94b2e3330dc846ea84e63e03262a8b16">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b706878060">false</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n4163aab99a744819bdf1bb30f86d1911"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2bd4e1f5176043a0965fce414dc5b7fb">If the newline character at the end of the row is lost, setting the parameter to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058966236_b842352706155739">true</strong> will ignore data in the next row.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7485c2cfdf4d48f892a7bd89591f013b">COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a6c92135904d84f26becc3fc86e9fa677"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l7485c2cfdf4d48f892a7bd89591f013b"></a><a name="l7485c2cfdf4d48f892a7bd89591f013b"></a>Enables or disables fault tolerance on invalid characters during importing. This parameter is available only for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b84235270617258">COPY FROM</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aaf4ec9bf5e9442639739caab412e0916">Value range: true, on, false, and off</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u2307f6198a8c40988c85f97d61499498"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l84e5053a381848f78d84767b045c7313">When the parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164851">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270617308">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated and imported to the database after conversion.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l04bcd3758397484e860af5f39751292f">If the parameter is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706221910">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706221916">off</strong>, and an error occurs when there are invalid characters, the import will be interrupted.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a5fb60cf3d1754e86878057d8ab683e9a">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164830">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616558">off</strong></p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n377204782f46438eb2c2ed9084cda66e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__add3d15e8ea524871983659b3038e334c">The rule of error tolerance when you import invalid characters is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa8f538578a0b400ebd53caad7fe84f99">(1) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b164511119358">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8e3b26c33aa84f94adcde0f40f63f918">(2) Other invalid characters are converted to question marks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ab69909a6ead749a68d9fd46eb148d691">(3) If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1010777477222145">compatible_illegal_chars</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b431150618222145">true</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1393302131222145">on</strong>, invalid characters are tolerated. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1782498801222145">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1852280373222145">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1966086235222145">QUOTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1020591894222145">ESCAPE</strong> are set to a spaces or question marks. Errors like "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" will be displayed to prompt user to modify parameter values that cause confusion, preventing import errors.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l607e2071eb8f4d03a34836f4cc4027c0">FILL_MISSING_FIELD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a11bda264e0b7422ea97dcafa31a01523"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l607e2071eb8f4d03a34836f4cc4027c0"></a><a name="l607e2071eb8f4d03a34836f4cc4027c0"></a>Specifies whether to generate an error message when the last column in a row in the source file is lost during data loading.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p149381318474">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1150507079">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2108086102">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b615515942">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b872361666">off</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__acc08e6d5e7b648ab84e73cec1b62ab37">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1760559243">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b972318515">off</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf3b69ea1e4c14d2380b7e97895e50eaa">DATE_FORMAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a0353d200b33a40ba993476b7313d788a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf3b69ea1e4c14d2380b7e97895e50eaa"></a><a name="lf3b69ea1e4c14d2380b7e97895e50eaa"></a>Imports data of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706165232">DATE</strong> type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706165426_1">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__abedcd73a9ea34ba7bacb4a7e37eb8867">Value range: any valid DATE value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n993cbc27668449df9611e2c2c818814e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac0b203cbec9241f88073d4be1b11583f">If ORACLE is specified as the compatible database, the DATE format is TIMESTAMP. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b84235270617158">timestamp_format</strong> below.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5447ea5301af4d9a97d9fa8056c6d427">TIME_FORMAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a26799fc38cf740baa1e660bde265edbd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5447ea5301af4d9a97d9fa8056c6d427"></a><a name="l5447ea5301af4d9a97d9fa8056c6d427"></a>Imports data of the TIME type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1967127077">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3d271192a1b3402d96485b188c446c01">Value range: Valid TIME. Time zones cannot be used. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lded318c5c64043ae9e865b82a91810be">TIMESTAMP_FORMAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a657c81403d61431babaaed87dc61a9a0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lded318c5c64043ae9e865b82a91810be"></a><a name="lded318c5c64043ae9e865b82a91810be"></a>Imports data of the TIMESTAMP type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b263535928">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__af35306d7d2ed4813b523c2e2eae45604">Value range: any valid TIMESTAMP value. Time zones are not supported. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l180f3809d2ee4428903c689c1f637cc3">SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__afd6a97d6f89944f5959ff1908ea2b1b8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l180f3809d2ee4428903c689c1f637cc3"></a><a name="l180f3809d2ee4428903c689c1f637cc3"></a>Imports data of the SMALLDATETIME type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1565024539">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8e0315c705f54c67a6588c424c893914">Value range: any valid SMALLDATETIME value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l383ae04d25b745e097dc3cdbfef30dea"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a06b66e56d4ad4c439a7f2efaafbc984e">COPY_OPTION { option_name ' value '  }</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a0197cb53471848a79fe997a456fd5307">Specifies all types of native parameters of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270616417">COPY</strong>.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u4caddef7b2e74fa2821f962dc6bf4084"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5bcd592aadc741978c1bc99eb4947fc0">OIDS<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a1b38412f11ae4199bc2b37469be67c43"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5bcd592aadc741978c1bc99eb4947fc0"></a><a name="l5bcd592aadc741978c1bc99eb4947fc0"></a>Copies the OID for each row.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n36ff3297bd9641d1bd85f0a6be4e0294"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8b7ba3298a37421f8fd66f555bb2a89d">An error is raised if OIDs are specified for a table that does not have OIDs, or in the case of copying a query.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__le91e93362bb04324b4d4f8b0a27f9391">NULL null_string<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3e9ec2e5aa9c45f9806017fa2b1abe08"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__le91e93362bb04324b4d4f8b0a27f9391"></a><a name="le91e93362bb04324b4d4f8b0a27f9391"></a>Specifies the string that represents a null value.<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n54061e9e11be416086fec8669bf394e2"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a8999cd6e8f954dce91fd1b519923c5f4">When using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b5326663141224">COPY FROM</strong>, any data item that matches this string will be stored as a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b6115181391010">NULL</strong> value, so you should make sure that you use the same string as you used with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b47939968141224">COPY TO</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a262ae3300de6483e81b88c0ce9f81d6d">Value range:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u3894fd5ae5bf4e50803a044295c67cc3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6666c8932596448cbc5e19c772e47e23">The null value cannot be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1253867738">\r</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2123462812">\n</strong>. The maximum length is 100 characters.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfed8eea86a00443aa8415495ad81b013">The null value cannot be the same as the delimiter or quote parameter.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__afe12e8a8bc864b15a725e5ad154b2b8f">Default value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__uf5ec995a056849a9a1894f6f04e671c9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leb230cd94ace46909b3eab6779f3f773"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1391701352">\N</strong> in TEXT format</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf77644b3db4040b38a7807f7f11ead16">An empty string without quotation marks in CSV format</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfe223eff4acc42d9bbf40328db5e5b64">HEADER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ae01d8878b4b1409e84b49025e9bafcf9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfe223eff4acc42d9bbf40328db5e5b64"></a><a name="lfe223eff4acc42d9bbf40328db5e5b64"></a>Specifies whether a file contains a header with the names of each column in the file. header is available only for CSV and FIXED files.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a925ea9198be54338984e15db77aa2d25">When data is imported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b632964654220">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b83341146194211">on</strong>, the first row of the data file will be identified as title row and ignored. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b13545104718428">off</strong>, the first row is identified as data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a518a4432bc504eafbc0a50cbbbb88c2a">When data is exported, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b663114964211">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b19631549114219">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b064349124216">fileheader</strong> must be specified. If header is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b739312505424">off</strong>, the exported file does not include a title row.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1adff63745fb44949d85dd6b0c4d85aa">FILEHEADER<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a727f5ac61250409c8c0e77d752c2e9d0"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l1adff63745fb44949d85dd6b0c4d85aa"></a><a name="l1adff63745fb44949d85dd6b0c4d85aa"></a>Specifies a file that defines the content in the header for exported data. The file contains data description of each column.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nad90d360e0ae4a408ffc2cb7fbac44fc"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__uc0afb1d0e80041f2924dede3a87607cc"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leefb3a5bef5b460f94dd3ca9426f4135">This parameter is available only when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b329055310112">header</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706164910">on</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0058965600_b842352706164915">true</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lee0b3eb662c442ee88ed871bc892615b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706173937">fileheader</strong> specifies an absolute path.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l2d9d6250f1594bc2803319b827968a35">The file can contain only one row of header information, and ends with a linefeed. Excess rows will be discarded. (Header information cannot contain linefeeds.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6f3be7955068410b9897a9c6b3859429">The length of the file including the linefeed cannot exceed 1 MB.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__la254a9f6fba14cd5b67713f6aeca64f8">FREEZE<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a5edc84d2f02f434b93c054db4e00961b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__la254a9f6fba14cd5b67713f6aeca64f8"></a><a name="la254a9f6fba14cd5b67713f6aeca64f8"></a>Sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164937">COPY</strong> loaded data row as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706151447">frozen</strong>, like these data have executed <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706164945">VACUUM FREEZE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a94f37bd655cf4145a02a785e131155a3">This is a performance option of initial data loading. The data will be frozen only when the following three requirements are met:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u5185e593a88845cfa11c6e66b7829c5f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc6e00ee8a86d4c0cbcd150b7f235ae5b">The table being loaded has been created or truncated in the current subtransaction before copying.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__la848ab450a514f20b378ada1cc362974">There are no cursors open in the current transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l711269b547044f45bc2a70f3fa7b4c55">There are no original snapshots in the current transaction.</li></ul>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nfc312563205544bfbee339688dea43c8"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2e090d3a9b0e4e32a482fc52dfd2670d">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706165049">COPY</strong> is completed, all the other sessions will see the data immediately. This violates the normal rules of MVCC visibility and users should be aware of the potential problems this might cause.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leacecdb841cc4b6f957c656f9878e5e1">FORCE NOT NULL column_name [, ...]<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a06fccdd65ae442c890ca4034c0ac6025"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__leacecdb841cc4b6f957c656f9878e5e1"></a><a name="leacecdb841cc4b6f957c656f9878e5e1"></a>Does not match the specified columns' values against the null string. This option is allowed only in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b929811845">COPY FROM</strong>, and only when using the CSV format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ab25112f835ee47c1871c3b94f8b3e1a3">Value range: an existing column</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld1b7eb928ed646bcaa1015c5358789e7">FORCE QUOTE { column_name [, ...]  | * }<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2ef2d6029cc94f29a6183579597a94cf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld1b7eb928ed646bcaa1015c5358789e7"></a><a name="ld1b7eb928ed646bcaa1015c5358789e7"></a>Forces quoting to be used for all non-NULL values in each specified column. This option is allowed only in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b116544618935953">COPY TO</strong>, and only when using the CSV format. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1870971604">NULL</strong> values are not quoted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa094ce62c3914241a52e1bbea9d2ac11">Value range: an existing column</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5f336fdd7aeb4b44a28d3727fad5f98b">BINARY<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ae774b2630b094cff9d2a0d66b844a18b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l5f336fdd7aeb4b44a28d3727fad5f98b"></a><a name="l5f336fdd7aeb4b44a28d3727fad5f98b"></a>The binary format option causes all data to be stored/read as binary format rather than as text. In binary mode, you cannot declare <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b3603924535953">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b21229985435953">NULL</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b32317096035953">CSV</strong>. After specifying BINARY, CSV, FIXED and TEXT cannot be specified through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706151632">option</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b842352706151637">copy_option</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l00a73d142e87422485b356cca74199d8">CSV<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__abf335abee1794a7095053660f8d8c219"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l00a73d142e87422485b356cca74199d8"></a><a name="l00a73d142e87422485b356cca74199d8"></a>Enables the CSV mode. After CSV is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1644495213420">BINARY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1744425212421">FIXED</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b744510522427">TEXT</strong> cannot be specified through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b11445205212427">option</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b104460521424">copy_option</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf17b9852cc6d42748bcfb38a1e57871a">QUOTE [AS] 'quote_character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a1162c487efaf4200af68147125d73a00"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf17b9852cc6d42748bcfb38a1e57871a"></a><a name="lf17b9852cc6d42748bcfb38a1e57871a"></a>Specifies the quote character for a CSV file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa4816a27cbea476689ab91810183cd19">Default value: double quotation mark ("")</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nb7e99798f52c4d4c8829b4cc1f61e3ae"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ua26b456e773a48d986753140d05b81ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l9400e3d08c5b4f1992992ddcc9563843">The quote parameter cannot be the same as the delimiter or null parameter.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l77fc36abf1a14abc982e15af3aa3375f">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1542071632">quote</strong> parameter must be a single one-byte character.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfeac0fe2f1054c8f8bed1600183a68ed">Invisible characters are recommended as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b398945414424">quote</strong> values, such as 0x07, 0x08, and 0x1b.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l876f3ae8210d4a47acf80ecec26d7f26">ESCAPE [AS] 'escape_character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aacce4fba4bbf44b795b2be44dccc2c25"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l876f3ae8210d4a47acf80ecec26d7f26"></a><a name="l876f3ae8210d4a47acf80ecec26d7f26"></a>This option is allowed only when using CSV format. This must be a single one-byte character.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3710ca07eb7748d5b88ded3edebbfb77">The default value is a double quotation mark ("). If it is the same as the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b593135994218">quote</strong>, it will be replaced with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b17936135964218">\0</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592">EOL 'newline_character'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac972f10899ca443c8019167639eb78ea"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0059778310_li62201592"></a>Specifies the newline character style of the imported or exported data file.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a1b0c62fd2c5b48c8846081c1cc472715">Value range: multi-character newline characters within 10 bytes. Common newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1999220131494">\r</strong> (0x0D), <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b179921131194">\n</strong> (0x0A), and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b7992813894">\r\n</strong> (0x0D0A). Special newline characters include <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b159935134910">$</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b69931213894">#</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note12161826171812"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ul6618163951815"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li8618183911182">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b8779136195211">EOL</strong> parameter supports only the TEXT format for data import and export. For forward compatibility, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1959431899">EOL</strong> parameter can be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b966111321">0x0D</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2079476536">0x0D0A</strong> for data export in the CSV and FIXED formats.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li7618173914189">The value of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b13765953195218">EOL</strong> parameter cannot be the same as that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b780216376">DELIMITER</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1980216772">NULL</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li14277205861815">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1596565774613">EOL</strong> parameter value cannot contain lowercase letters, digits, or dots (.).</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l94a03a74559148c69d8fbc3d57315c94">ENCODING 'encoding_name'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__af2c32c0e31ef4102a5a25a4efadc0cc2"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l94a03a74559148c69d8fbc3d57315c94"></a><a name="l94a03a74559148c69d8fbc3d57315c94"></a>Specifies that the file is encoded in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1215416318439">encoding_name</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p13715162434419">Value range: a valid encoding format</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a4a99e83cdd97429a8c6b6d12949d6be4">Default value: current encoding format of the database</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc0b7fb2557cc4213bd7c983d9709aab4">IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2fd2cf67569f4d0a8047a5bb1db8aa46"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lc0b7fb2557cc4213bd7c983d9709aab4"></a><a name="lc0b7fb2557cc4213bd7c983d9709aab4"></a>When the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, excess columns at the end of the row are ignored. This parameter is available only during data importing.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a50cffe8ab47743209d6b2a1b84f2aa73">If you do not use this parameter, and the number of data source files exceeds the number of foreign table columns, the following error information will be displayed:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__s3ee3345d6b1b465090ff90eb84081225"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">after</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6d6845dca537479fb5b662a7a1b8671e">COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a0a0ef72c9f374f52bb37c4c9679b8114"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l6d6845dca537479fb5b662a7a1b8671e"></a><a name="l6d6845dca537479fb5b662a7a1b8671e"></a>Specifies error tolerance for invalid characters during importing. Invalid characters are converted before importing. No error message is displayed. The import is not interrupted. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b162865876">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aaccdfa50867c4d448a9c24d14150746c">If you do not use this parameter, an error occurs when there is an invalid character, and the import stops.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__n0186868d5753446da4222cfca6ac375b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a56b55ba593634ed0a116fb6f14a646b5">The rule of error tolerance when you import invalid characters is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a5e7ce78bee3346c985d76c6fa98ef8cc">(1) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1830698171">\0</strong> is converted to a space.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aa21752f5f5714d878e5d2b56c72d7b25">(2) Other invalid characters are converted to question marks.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a461d44ff333c4ee283c2528a880cdd80">(3) Setting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b96503758811134">compatible_illegal_chars</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b28280779311134">true/on</strong> enables toleration of invalid characters. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b124421335711134">NULL</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b29056806111134">DELIMITER</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b168138744911134">QUOTE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b117064957311134">ESCAPE</strong> are set to spaces or question marks, errors like "illegal chars conversion may confuse COPY escape 0x20" will be displayed to prompt the user to modify parameters that may cause confusion, preventing importing errors.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li6114916467">FILL_MISSING_FIELD<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p1711169144618"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__li6114916467"></a><a name="li6114916467"></a>Specifies whether to generate an error message when the last column in a row in the source file is lost during data loading.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p965016380015">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1949049562">true</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b535572195">on</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b506003988">false</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b225668904">off</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p2111924612">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b562582009">false</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b2032322760">off</strong></p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__note11189164619"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p02617914461">Do not specify this option. Currently, it does not enable error tolerance, but will make the parser ignore the said errors during data parsing on the CN. Such errors will not be recorded in the COPY error table (enabled using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b462644713355">LOG ERRORS REJECT LIMIT</strong>) but will be reported later by DNs.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld74578092201479f8505106ee43476b9">DATE_FORMAT 'date_format_string'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a3ab21b07ef0b43d88bfff3e199fe4ee7"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld74578092201479f8505106ee43476b9"></a><a name="ld74578092201479f8505106ee43476b9"></a>Imports data of the DATE type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1801978491">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac8c74489c7964d0881c943a4fd88239e">Value range: any valid DATE value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__nf3a4bf79cf784b08be964195d863bc7f"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a973b437508c54adf8a0a99b0935f1b0c">If ORACLE is specified as the compatible database, the DATE format is TIMESTAMP. For details, see <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1184110617434">timestamp_format</strong> below.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0086b6ab5aad4ce8884d32e6cc50c7a2">TIME_FORMAT 'time_format_string'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a7d95c5461e224da395643e792a9d6832"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l0086b6ab5aad4ce8884d32e6cc50c7a2"></a><a name="l0086b6ab5aad4ce8884d32e6cc50c7a2"></a>Imports data of the TIME type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b1332225728">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac5aea98cb5b941e9bfb5b119c5cfa486">Value range: Valid TIME. Time zones cannot be used. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ladbe486adea543a4bb7a9c11202fb68c">TIMESTAMP_FORMAT 'timestamp_format_string'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ac434513f80cf4a9a8be6e49f952ad1ee"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ladbe486adea543a4bb7a9c11202fb68c"></a><a name="ladbe486adea543a4bb7a9c11202fb68c"></a>Specifies the TIMESTAMP format for data import. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b718765628">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aceed82c68c2148e781d790ca95a80925">Value range: any valid TIMESTAMP value. Time zones are not supported. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l14107c57e70f418a8d56d1b9a26f51ce">SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT 'smalldatetime_format_string'<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__aadd626d63bdc4dd8b08bc934f92c14c4"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l14107c57e70f418a8d56d1b9a26f51ce"></a><a name="l14107c57e70f418a8d56d1b9a26f51ce"></a>Imports data of the SMALLDATETIME type. The BINARY format is not supported. When data of such format is imported, error "cannot specify bulkload compatibility options in BINARY mode" will occur. The parameter is valid only for data importing using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b173976234">COPY FROM</strong> option.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a69f357a8337f46bfb381452ba66acadf">Value range: any valid SMALLDATETIME value. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0035.html">Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators</a>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a2fda569225d84a9f88e70097ff9cffe8"></p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__a6ee11492a2da4b8394ebd52586e1fc5d">The following special backslash sequences are recognized by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84235270617410">COPY FROM</strong>:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__u759ff123504f48778b458f7fcf2ac5ce"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l006cdc3b0c23412d92e11fc37d0cf874"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_adeb67f7ce2c941e38220a90f4602a6b1">\b</strong>: Backspace (ASCII 8)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lfb69a45a585b4574a648e833bc911031"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a2081f1a0b43a469c9fbc168490a69e4b">\f</strong>: Form feed (ASCII 12)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__ld12026f4041c486593ea4e472a73d993"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a97d8a85e6735451994f0edb6a41cde18">\n</strong>: Newline character (ASCII 10)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l4679b7cdfdce42b7b88668bea145142c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a1b553647f0a24d34852a80860c9e98ad">\r</strong>: Carriage return character (ASCII 13)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__lf82e7238374646e191ef9b2222711825"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a58305a2bc45b45c384e5f2a1fe4b7b83">\t</strong>: Tab (ASCII 9)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l3afe1ad9bd7c4305b0c9dce8a265d5db"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a0ee39ee269314f278dbb6bedce78c7d9">\v</strong>: Vertical tab (ASCII 11)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l06e0a95ed2e5401ea5dc7ff4a5154e47"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a7e9229fdeb6e4e9eabe9ab97a8b52ea7">\digits</strong>: Backslash followed by one to three octal digits specifies the ASCII value is the character with that numeric code.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__l30f7fb33ee2a4ef1b7607131a9663756"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__en-us_topic_0059778766_a06e98dc7bab840a8bea680e0a9167beb">\xdigits</strong>: Backslash followed by an x and one or two hex digits specifies the character with that numeric code.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__sf2c7aaee94ed43a683881e51d4e17d04"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p10527174231319">Copy data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b111601885835953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text19341635102311">tpcds.</span>ship_mode</strong> file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b82150217235953">/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat</strong> file.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen15993142691015"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p752717421132">Write <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b37040649035953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text599093612316">tpcds.</span>ship_mode</strong> as output to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b44166427935953">stdout</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen7542125791014"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stdout</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p135271342181318">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b92493743635953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text18434153822316">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen14221101551113"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_ID</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">              </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_TYPE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CODE</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CARRIER</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SM_CONTRACT</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="nb">CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ORIENTATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">COMPRESSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">MIDDLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HASH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p1352710425134">Copy data from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b91938389235953">stdin</strong> to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b28877656235953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text8417184022316">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen975312499114"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stdin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p195276423138">Copy data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b117569754035953">/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat</strong> file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b87931019135953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text12978174114237">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen137512611410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p20741728111415">Copy data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b3271602335953">/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat</strong> file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b84028704735953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text115427110235953">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table, with the import format set to TEXT (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b205415545735953">format 'text'</strong>), the delimiter set to \t' (delimiter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b164647627935953">E'\t'</strong>), excessive columns ignored (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b211712487935953">ignore_extra_data 'true'</strong>), and characters not escaped (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b155012620835953">noescaping 'true'</strong>).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen21385515144"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'text'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delimiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">E</span><span class="s1">'\t'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignore_extra_data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">noescaping</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'true'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p13198820151412">Copy data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b36250756335953">/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat</strong> file to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b174726237635953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text1893324452320">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table, with the import format set to FIXED, fixed-length format specified (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b39359628935953">FORMATTER(SM_SHIP_MODE_SK(0, 2), SM_SHIP_MODE_ID(2,16), SM_TYPE(18,30), SM_CODE(50,10), SM_CARRIER(61,20), SM_CONTRACT(82,20))</strong>), excessive columns ignored (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b150635121735953">ignore_extra_data</strong>), and headers included (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b43526572335953">header</strong>).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen4393142010154"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'/home/omm/ds_ship_mode.dat'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FIXED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FORMATTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_SK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SM_SHIP_MODE_ID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SM_TYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SM_CODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SM_CARRIER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">61</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SM_CONTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">82</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">header</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ignore_extra_data</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__p127319552146">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__b130136645835953"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__text14197184618236">tpcds.</span>ship_mode_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910991__screen1787713918154"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ship_mode_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0231.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0231.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DELETE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__sc38eadebc8e74e1e8200bca116ca55ef"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a7eac4568d9ee4622a714b080a77cdd6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b5364787485426">DELETE</strong> deletes rows that satisfy the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b1306882285426">WHERE</strong> clause from the specified table. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0040044931_b5051053885426">WHERE</strong> clause does not exist, all rows in the table will be deleted. The result is a valid, but an empty table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__s382c620cdede4a91ba5d429f091c14c9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__u83811bebe7004526bcd5b0d5cb5278d2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__l04a6aa14ca12431283fa53fc564ca0ea">You must have the DELETE permission on the table to delete from it, as well as the SELECT permission for any table in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b4078822385426">USING</strong> clause or whose values are read in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b3154968885426">condition</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__li66221323925"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b84235270683616">DELETE</strong> can be used for row-store tables if they have primary key constraints or if the execution plan can be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__li11529051241"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b36607717083726">DELETE</strong> can be used for column-store tables only if the execution plan can be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__l6ef7a5e157f242c7b44da063f42fd193">For column-store tables, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966033_b842352706173053">RETURNING</strong> clause is currently not supported.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__s63e68d20fc8a4670b54b531fc5722bb9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__s60d8dda324084db98740133562841b8c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RECURSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">with_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">using_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__s0568dfe900e948eaa67d0a335c26701c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ua3cdf4f3c73f4d4f9f931f40929ad83b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ld38062ebead941c284103cc83c53bd16"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0059778379_b19065306508">WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a986a116f7840433bb0a19cf9c64842f8">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693837">WITH</strong> clause allows you to specify one or more subqueries that can be referenced by name in the primary query, equal to temporary table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a3d6a7fb23a7e433dac3e7db94ec6595e">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693847">RECURSIVE</strong> is specified, it allows a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693853">SELECT</strong> subquery to reference itself by name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ac389e37c7363438aa52da1c125ad2cad">The with_query detailed format is as follows:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__aaedaa4c840fc4a798741b95f7ee11b4a">with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__af9616d5803644d13a798bc1eb9fdc1d2">( {select | values | insert | update | delete} )</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ac5670fa7fb5541f8b9d4e802d57019d9">-- <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b52561578214026">with_query_name</strong> specifies the name of the result set generated by a subquery. Such names can be used to access the result sets of </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__aebe8cb0bb66c45c3abf1f0ba36b76e97">subqueries in a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a23e83c12a68745fd9c8c34d1b448d364"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706112838">column_name</strong> specifies the column name displayed in the subquery result set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a232c160c065c4b68829d3efca31623fe">Each subquery can be a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693925">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693928">VALUES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693932">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693936">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693940">DELETE</strong> statement.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__la448a7d3789c4ff58ff028d37d8be671"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a9a91341bf47d4e76ba08c2b1ea4c14c4">ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a747e586cb2464423b50a456e2c0513f5">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b19082625314051">ONLY</strong> is specified, only that table is deleted. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b14658841034051">ONLY</strong> is not specified, this table and all its sub-tables are deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__lc1ea1869abc947bfbff43525ed13b5bb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__aa1749132c9aa4b4fa4b4e85e5d1573ea">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a76155b18f70d4296b9d10f43acf2290b">Specifies the name (optionally schema-qualified) of a target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a22f6113763154108ab395975a7a305be">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__l240d9da52c064a12a06679599c3a27f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a208b1cefb34548f2bbf0ae61a8813021">alias</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a0e888f1cf58e48ce93b2144f8cbd6e53">Specifies the alias for the target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ac8936d6d732b47959e8046286dc38da4">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__l6f2bf2ae63094b4488040532097a8a6b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a6710d01abd094654b331efd5b25bac18">using_list</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a8ad40173192343098f7baa98c38d5c55">Specifies the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b10981112153313">USING</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__l796ce0e3e76841169a171ff3849bff25"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ac7b4f6dd455c4c3280cfba686de23671">condition</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__abbc05041c0314d328643ead456cc0b4c">Specifies an expression that returns a value of type <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text87165226913">boolean</span>. Only rows for which this expression returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b105851913194017">true</strong> will be deleted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__lb6bdf7fcbc8b466e89fbf637d87802ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a824b9469044446a0b29868649908565f">WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a0f4ebdcee5f04bac94884771f9299c3a">Not supported currently. Only syntax interface is provided.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__lf379dc2a421f40598087bf2883dca079"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a446588ca9c54412d9e6f6181b3ac2d2d">output_expr</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a1309b8a6bf2940699db70a7c4edc14bb">Specifies an expression to be computed and returned by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b26532261182532">DELETE</strong> command after each row is deleted. The expression can use any column names of the table. Write * to return all columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__lb47a5f4353204aedaa5dbb720eee53b4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a918a35ac35824f1385844ecd39799341">output_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__a347e3f4a9382451aa979de7a97d98de6">Specifies a name to use for a returned column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__ae446c85782dd46bfbe1a48301d48ee89">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__sc62f0ffeacde4228a7e8c56b5a2b85f1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__p14184155072415">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b4686451894051"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text10184350142420">tpcds.</span>customer_address_bak</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__screen17521554122411"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_bak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__p1118445002416">Delete employees whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b242734454051">ca_address_sk</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b1339515484051">14888</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b637877264051"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text91841050112414">tpcds.</span>customer_address_bak</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__screen1986105612419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_bak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">14888</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__p1363726154112">Delete the employees whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b71785591203">ca_address_sk</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b14178559162017">14891</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b71789593204">14893</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b617975914208">14895</strong> from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b3179195915201"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text1179115902012">tpcds.</span>customer_address_bak</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__screen364004111415"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_bak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">14891</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">14893</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">14895</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__p1184115072410">Delete all data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b955804304051"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text171842050202412">tpcds.</span>customer_address_bak</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__screen49030112510"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_bak</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__p13851105724112">Use a subquery (to delete the row-store table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b220564517126"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__text98824190186">tpcds.</span>warehouse_t30</strong>) to obtain a temporary table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b82053451125">temp_t</strong>, and then query all data in the temporary table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__b32052457124">temp_t</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830680__screen24191918195514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">warehouse_t30</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">EXPLAIN</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s6d76596f86d64c349027bceb1b4d5ecf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a10219281d34643fab09cc84cb2c7d469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b84235270684013">EXPLAIN</strong> shows the execution plan of an SQL statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a3b2b3ec3257144e09a1db99b32de75a1">The execution plan shows how the tables referenced by the SQL statement will be scanned, for example, by plain sequential scan or index scan. If multiple tables are referenced, the execution plan also shows what join algorithms will be used to bring together the required rows from each input table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ae5b601e61dfe426491d94bba204c4f93">The most critical part of the display is the estimated statement execution cost, which is the planner's guess at how long it will take to run the statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__af53c3af9e52e443c8452e8c1dfaefc82">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b3399900295747">ANALYZE</strong> option causes the statement to be executed, not only planned. Then actual runtime statistics are added to the display, including the total elapsed time expended within each plan node (in milliseconds) and the total number of rows it actually returned. This is useful to check whether the planner's estimates are close to reality.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s3b7c750a2989482c9f6ef4e8dc83b87f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a9993385f7e9e48caa3857cda881d4347">The statement is executed when the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b6469890895747">ANALYZE</strong> option is used. To use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b4541926095747">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</strong> on an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b612016395747">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b5508147395747">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b2597121595747">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b3241435195747">CREATE TABLE AS</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b2329370495747">EXECUTE</strong> statement without letting the command affect your data, use this approach:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s9e50f26249044d2380369b4c3a610a71"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__sc84793f49b574a61b9632346b81ffcdd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ucd31b7639c294770a608d69261b690b7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l583ae9453d274e7dacfd89f426e39907">Display the execution plan of an SQL statement, which supports multiple options and has no requirements for the order of options.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__sfd602d1d75be44c78aafcf53bc474374"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">option</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a78f9f5640c3142ba941f74484b2802eb">The syntax of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b84235270683413">option</strong> clause is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s76a15a5de65c4cd6a970c0dff7001dc8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">CPU</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">DETAIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NODES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">NUM_NODES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">BUFFERS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIMING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JSON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">YAML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l8c3532dada9c4b1a80f19159719811ff">Display the execution plan of an SQL statement, where options are in order.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s19cde52ab84c4120a04ef1f85fd548be"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PERFORMANCE</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li019221117455">Display information required for reproducing the execution plan of an SQL statement. The information is usually used for fault locating. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b43725465192">STATS</strong> option must be used independently.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen169883592539"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STATS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__sf9b20584716b490793feec79523aeb3b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u8e9d143838c04e23855ce21f6a55305a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l0c86409597e147daa3ee23fe413fb6e1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a5beff8a46252454fb643cec88c59a846">statement</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a6ff588c0790642e6bbc8ac0450e9f867">Specifies the SQL statement to explain.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__lab5d1515c3104e1bb169a06143b7d19f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ad9114e548a174a6489d6a2c7bd57789f">ANALYZE boolean | ANALYSE boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ac4b2934c510e44be8fcaca7980d059e6">Displays the actual run times and other statistics.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a4407e33adca94558ad3979d5002701b6">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u41b111d062b34a25a152d3350d0e9fd3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ld0c7de9048444680aebf44b2e8544a0d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b74807312035926">TRUE</strong> (default value): Displays the actual run times and other statistics.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l4b73db6aab7946a1aba8e36e890edbf2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b48799291835926">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l15726d25e1e8496c89d7dac7262ccc44"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ab454aa50e4fd4496849a8ebee818ef83">VERBOSE boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ab99123f3d9ae4d729107c94187a4a5ca">Displays additional information regarding the plan.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ac61fdec423c54d2199a0dfb36479b544">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u9f7bb4d094c44d0db0d796e56bac6a81"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ld0af79001c0f4a78aaad8924da2eb141"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706165516">TRUE </strong>(default value): Displays additional information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__lf52984185f5743ba84357bb9c78c7309"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b67399703635926">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ld68b10b0d7674614be0b83705e477d6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a0acf77a875e8432ab3c30dec4b6a27df">COSTS boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ae71504500fca4b12b72098a817ddc96f">Includes information on the estimated total cost of each plan node, as well as the estimated number of rows and the estimated width of each row.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__aa4af23af89bd43fb9e0add3b4bc73d0d">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ue1a38eba4ac94b94a28fa5f2c594e6e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l835169c6a22c49e0a4c0bad03b4f7532"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b38364531181648">TRUE</strong> (default): Displays information on the estimated total cost of each plan node and the estimated width of each row.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l2863e490ac294224b520b88d62958796"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b125312568835926">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__laf4c2342a67e4b4590ec17381300ab9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a01e4912ce47e4eb5953f961b8a14f14f">CPU boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__af0282728d9a540d3a412b5d6e8189a91">Prints information on CPU usage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a973b05dadb3148eba08596285e3ed6a5">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__uc84aec1f95bc4d16a8cb36dcba883f05"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l862725718f5b4f1aa5f5a19ed860420d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b192441071235926">TRUE</strong> (default value): Displays CPU usage information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l2cce40c00cc34821b92a408e917e4d9b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b12834444335926">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l301c05af893b41a7ba0e87a3f3e68aa5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__af2bb6f863e0d42c4ab9a48a7cfc74e11">DETAIL boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ad49b2e4b596e4e5581ea5317be656413">Prints DN information.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ab66d6ec0ff544b74a430d92fa9c12962">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u6df3dbd2e7d441a1aaa1b250125d7fd5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l062996575a1d42ff8aae0d1b0f1431eb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706165550">TRUE</strong> (default value): Prints DN information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__lfc046f1528df44f3a002b92a6d11dd1c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b842352706191149">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__la928da8ad34a4777b425cab7831370ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ade5352fe25e14f73a6eedcaed90f310d">NODES boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a9e6cb5b1837e44b4ac50b95bf1686bd5">Prints information about the nodes executed by query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a832ad02d270b4cd7b4c6b51697e81569">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ue67a5fac6852467e9d876ffbc85366da"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__le8309e8f0c8b4950bbac2314be3b7772"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b84235270619118">TRUE</strong> (default): Prints information about executed nodes.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l5e8ca05d7fe8463a91e59519db9a5dcd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1439280193">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l5e1f12f54b444d57a37cddd66069f24a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a5a0f21e5a81d4828ac3812af88d22cb5">NUM_NODES boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a79054365887f4a7391203246bc7ab467">Prints the quantity of executing nodes.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a78e3d0d2091e40beb2dd5b56dcb344ca">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u171cafe552f24d5987f92d1040be0c22"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l866af77f88ec4019b2672bfdc4762989"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b968150223">TRUE</strong> (default value): Prints the number of DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l39d441fcd14d4ba0aafeb53ccd246fb8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b653431031">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l7836b09f6147420088725400d352cf5c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__aa5c3a188a4364031a9fdc9d021071bf6">BUFFERS boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a02bd45b14a6943fdb2ffb7559487c1ae">Includes information on buffer usage.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a97394dc7806d481790a8b51347501b64">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u880577db7944407eaf26bbab0222cb2e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__lb653597eace84cca851de3f7aa3d4908"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b155395390135926">TRUE</strong>: Displays information on buffer usage.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l41c9461a4a444e918881a04cb731f6a2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b3632688318182">FALSE</strong> (default): No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l8933cf25158c4ae4aca6a10296b2f9a5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a18cdeb588d7043319183600e9443ccd1">TIMING boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__abeb31edb5fb2463992aed7228028db7a">Includes the startup time and the time spent on the output node.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a1c41bab3c57f41daa62dcd537a6fc9f8">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__u8056369262144ca48ec6b4bff62f201d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l1762dd2b68ca4c8ca3e92c5996ae5ec9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__en-us_topic_0058965750_b842352706914">TRUE</strong> (Default): Displays the startup time and the time spent on the output node.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__lcab2fe7ed60849aa89ef8637a510cd6b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b212330287435926">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li12341535103317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b192347359333">PLAN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p42341735193319">Specifies whether to store the execution plan in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1081094611103">PLAN_TABLE</strong>. If this parameter is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b20560162314115">on</strong>, the execution plan is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b19331333191115">PLAN_TABLE</strong> and is not displayed on the screen. Therefore, this parameter cannot be used together with other parameters when it is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1247911311127">on</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p2023413519334">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ul14234183516334"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li52341935173312"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1779245014121">on</strong>: The execution plan is stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b15604223131">PLAN_TABLE</strong> and is not printed on the screen. It is the default value. If the plan is stored successfully, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b103871217151411">EXPLAIN SUCCESS</strong> is returned.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li1234335113316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1889318246145">off</strong>: The execution plan is not stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b142094061414">PLAN_TABLE</strong> and is printed on the screen.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l51f59ecf0c034da1a5a2afc09f521688"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ab1f84f509fc24a488b06313a652e5cba">FORMAT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ace74c130d42749428cf79e685c38e242">Specifies the output format.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__af3847221b89b4ea89d0b39151e9f07de">Value range: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706101741">TEXT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706101745">XML</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706101750">JSON</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706101755">YAML</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a89838b2d11fa4c5fbb25752d254f2330">Default value: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b842352706184049">TEXT</strong></p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__l1c715ced0d6e4d4c982feede2254ba2e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a9c4795e9418d429c8d5cfc333cbf9653">PERFORMANCE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a9359815b09954ec88ad3afc2eda9f569">This option prints all relevant information in execution.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li7229124165910"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b3971743202713">STATS boolean</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p1333065575919">Specifies whether to display information required for reproducing the execution plan of an SQL statement, including the object definition, statistics, and configuration parameters. The information is usually used for fault locating.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p53516431206">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__ul25713372113"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li105719377111"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b1226173112219">TRUE</strong> (default value): Display information required for reproducing the execution plan of an SQL statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__li18966461021"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b190184116337">FALSE</strong>: No display.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s5dc35afde7e5405a9528ecf213079885"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p2211182316263">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b211633140135926"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__text8211223102611">tpcds.</span>customer_address_p1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen153143307269"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p1521172312616">Change the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b99267262435926">explain_perf_mode</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b200342090735926">normal</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen8433344202611"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">explain_perf_mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">normal</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p15211112316264">Display an execution plan for simple queries in the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen1928195192715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">			       </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p132113239263">Generate an execution plan in JSON format (assume <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b175182781335926">explain_perf_mode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b48037139535926">normal</strong>).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen273711872715"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JSON</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">                                                </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w">                                              </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="ss">&quot;Plan&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w">                                    </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Node Type&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Data Node Scan&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">             </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;RemoteQuery name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Alias&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_FQS_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Startup Cost&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">                      </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Total Cost&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Plan Rows&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">                            </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Plan Width&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">                           </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="ss">&quot;Nodes&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;All datanodes&quot;</span><span class="w">                   </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">                                            </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w">                                              </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p1721019232266">If there is an index and we use a query with an indexable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b64196773535926">WHERE</strong> condition, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b128117285235926">EXPLAIN</strong> might show a different pla.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen58113384279"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                  </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_LIGHT_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p521015234268">Generate an execution plan in YAML format (assume <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b31008494435926">explain_perf_mode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b199912987735926">normal</strong>).</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen1969910518270"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FORMAT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">YAML</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Plan</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">                                       </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;Data Node Scan&quot;</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">RemoteQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_LIGHT_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="k">Alias</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_LIGHT_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Startup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cost</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w">                        </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Cost</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="w">                          </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Rows</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">                              </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w">                             </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="n">Nodes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;datanode2&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p10210172314263">Here is an example of an execution plan with cost estimates suppressed.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen5426112102816"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                 </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">--------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;__REMOTE_LIGHT_QUERY__&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanode2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p5210172332610">Here is an example of an execution plan for a query that uses an aggregate function.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen1328517278280"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                      </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w">                                       </span>
+<span class="c1">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Aggregate</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">All</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datanodes</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Aggregate</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">               </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Seq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cost</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                     </span><span class="n">Filter</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ca_address_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__p1920902316267">-- Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__b42725512335926"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__text1820911233268">tpcds.</span>customer_address_p1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__screen10277194113283"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_address_p1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__s8fc856109f514a0d843fe8c2d45e3728"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150980__a86858cef28c64b9db491c9c9e5961c09"><a href="dws_06_0245.html">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0233.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0233.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">EXPLAIN PLAN</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__section0601642305"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_p8060118">You can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1095194184114">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> statement to save the information about an execution plan to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b17742154310411">PLAN_TABLE</strong> table. Different from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1657015994212">EXPLAIN</strong> statement, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1239712201423">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> only stores plan information and does not print it on the screen.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s9f2264e2319e4b329beb2cc998aef4b0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__sa803705c5dd0427785f7c2ad18e7480d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">STATEMENT_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__sb18c2916cdb4454fb4dce7df02b2574a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__u66657f1954674909abfac68f92a0d8ab"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__li6967438171118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b9296104618111">PLAN</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__p178115429111">Stores plan information in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b18497529381">PLAN_TABLE</strong>. If the storing is successful, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b9850145203813">EXPLAIN SUCCESS</strong> is returned.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__li72151651101113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b134719125">STATEMENT_ID</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__p980445821117">Tags a query. The tag information will be stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b244865533815">PLAN_TABLE</strong>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__nd4e3f1899452426dade34b845630fcf9"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__a7b08780cc9b2450f9ec5395bb24db4f7">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b9121858205412">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> statement does not contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b8739153535413">SET STATEMENT_ID</strong>, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b15113153610557">STATEMENT_ID</strong> is empty by default. In addition, the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b17144161295618">STATEMENT_ID</strong> cannot exceed 30 bytes. Otherwise, an error will be reported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s89eef1e75b3d4f9f9e9dfbe147a20f8c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__u6886e473fe8a44d28ffac26b060c89e6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__l2413d66ffcb24b4a9b9c9ab26ea0e6ee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b82071246155613">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> cannot be executed on DNs.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__lb398a4c917ae4b6eae7f4cb85f2390bc">Plan information cannot be collected for SQL statements that failed to be executed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__l24c482e8981e44d19d28112583bc84fa">Data in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1320312535716">PLAN_TABLE</strong> is in a session-level life cycle. Sessions are isolated from users and thereby users can view data of only the current session and current user.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__le4c38d6dee964f83b119094f3569253d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b13183193914017">PLAN_TABLE</strong> cannot be joined with GDS foreign tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__l4525fd38878a4a88a16b1caca3a30b6a">For a query that cannot be pushed down, object information cannot be collected and only such information as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b1734252913373">REMOTE_QUERY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b20348112918376">CTE</strong> can be collected. For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s30671eba40e14af88f1e45bd5bbd6c5d">Example 2</a>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s13bd84b088fd480caf57ce42dab7b095"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 1</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_p17662113426">You can perform the following steps to collect execution plans of SQL statements by running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b18142238220">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong>:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__o378982f341d541108b3c4f158715ad1c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__li178346110432"><span>Import TPC-H sample data. For details, see .</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__l71eacc2d5b204aa4bbe363c0b9864bc5"><span>Run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b510313131543">EXPLAN PLAN</strong> statement.</span><p><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__n5f8b4c73600246ccab23e72deb64cdb0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__a96face6253694a439fd82910cf1a019a">After the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b6432241543">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> statement is executed, plan information is automatically stored in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b138196474420">PLAN_TABLE</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1980311151653">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b987992012510">UPDATE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b452232310519">ANALYZE</strong> cannot be performed on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b96431234755">PLAN_TABLE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__ad435784576c64cef8d8a413443cc6126">For details about <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b3514371219">PLAN_TABLE</strong>, see the PLAN_TABLE system view.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s879c71be2b0b4cf39fb55e3c18dde52b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">statement_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'TPCH-Q4'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderpriority</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order_count</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">orders</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1993-07-01'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">o_orderdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'1993-07-01'</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'3 month'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">*</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">lineitem</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">l_orderkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">o_orderkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_commitdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l_receiptdate</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderpriority</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">o_orderpriority</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_li8280657851"><span>Query <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b34571837185415">PLAN_TABLE</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s094a41f0392f4b07864aac2de8225db8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN_TABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__a62df7950c1854e22ae39ca3f645f14fd"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_image207949394574" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001098671236.png"></span></p>
+</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__l6db2aeb5795e42abb5b05918fd7a1d08"><span>Delete data from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b1043174121717">PLAN_TABLE</strong>.</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s4e86c8f2a82d4f299d68ba12c1c541c6"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN_TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xxx</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</p></li></ol>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s30671eba40e14af88f1e45bd5bbd6c5d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__s30671eba40e14af88f1e45bd5bbd6c5d"></a><a name="s30671eba40e14af88f1e45bd5bbd6c5d"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example 2</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__a9903f820c46e44839f465b281dadd3d5">For a query that cannot be pushed down, only such information as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b5595243152914">REMOTE_QUERY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b10523125562911">CTE</strong> can be collected from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b19324023183018">PLAN_TABLE</strong> after <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b11186123915307">EXPLAIN PLAN</strong> is executed.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_p825152815242">The optimizer generates a plan for pushing down statements. In this case, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_b14663034320">REMOTE_QUERY</strong> can be collected.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__se2ef21547a8949b5a5ddad2854dd4eb9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">explain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">statement_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'test remote query'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__a9adb2793b5e54e2cbfcb095233ccf04e">Query <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__b1655715828">PLAN_TABLE</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__sa311d1721c5c4f368e51c5901ec955d3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN_TABLE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__ad2c619482ef14e35a132a8ad2538f4f7"><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510819__en-us_topic_0165816825_image10768111478" src="figure/en-us_image_0000001145710993.png"></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">LOCK</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__secc275dadf0d45e5a345ba787b8ce30f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__af1c1e6bac5774044884a4e7887a1fff5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__en-us_topic_0085032098_b5959255010396">LOCK TABLE</strong> obtains a table-level lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a6b1d14a0b44a48faa45cc3b8825397e8"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__text2131658412">GaussDB(DWS)</span> always tries to select the lock mode with minimum constraints when automatically requesting a lock for a command referenced by a table. Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__en-us_topic_0085032098_b42746080183935">LOCK</strong> if users need a more strict lock mode. For example, suppose an application runs a transaction at the Read Committed isolation level and needs to ensure that data in a table remains stable in the duration of the transaction. To achieve this, you could obtain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__en-us_topic_0040045543_b20283862103857">SHARE</strong> lock mode over the table before the query. This will prevent concurrent data changes and ensure subsequent reads of the table see a stable view of committed data. It is because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b48337033103857">SHARE</strong> lock mode conflicts with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b32380114103857">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> lock acquired by writers, and your <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b22985570103857">LOCK TABLE name IN SHARE MODE</strong> statement will wait until any concurrent holders of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b5543538103857">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> mode locks commit or roll back. Therefore, once you obtain the lock, there are no uncommitted writes outstanding; furthermore none can begin until you release the lock.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__sf9eefb58a1ce405fb2a6863e50a3ef9d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__u4d2844876e9f46cba2c78becb18ae515"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l68fd7cc558bf4562973c0e6367ffa254"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b13350347184011">LOCK TABLE</strong> is useless outside a transaction block: the lock would remain held only to the completion of the statement. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b84235270615938">LOCK TABLE</strong> is out of any transaction block, an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l9af822d99b5d486fa031c125573e8385">If no lock mode is specified, then <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b10140957103929">ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</strong>, the most restrictive mode, is used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l50300fd05adc4133821fc6fb035f102b">LOCK TABLE ... IN ACCESS SHARE MODE requires the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b84235270611446">SELECT</strong> permission on the target table. All other forms of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b29940201103929">LOCK</strong> require table-level <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b1026358103929">UPDATE</strong> and/or the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b9237230103929">DELETE</strong> permission.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l013cd77dce314591861fda5461eca698">There is no <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b10018151103929">UNLOCK TABLE</strong> command. Locks are always released at transaction end.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l12edee3375454c7a9d650d88fec1bc79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b9380343184023">LOCK TABLE</strong> only deals with table-level locks, and so the mode names involving <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b29513943103929">ROW</strong> are all misnomers. These mode names should generally be read as indicating the intention of the user to acquire row-level locks within the locked table. Also, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__en-us_topic_0085032098_b64298897103929">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> mode is a shareable table lock. Keep in mind that all the lock modes have identical semantics so far as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__en-us_topic_0085032098_b41819165103929">LOCK TABLE</strong> is concerned, differing only in the rules about which modes conflict with which. For details about the rules, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__tec3c848278c344f9a15c8ab751ad98d7">Table 1</a>.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__s51f69d8bcfe34440bd5456b8286cb7ec"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__s64b55902ede44489a2bdd6eeea5bf399"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ACCESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ACCESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOWAIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__sd41f320125df4d189e342d377733aa28"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4>
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__tec3c848278c344f9a15c8ab751ad98d7"></a><a name="tec3c848278c344f9a15c8ab751ad98d7"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__tec3c848278c344f9a15c8ab751ad98d7" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Lock mode conflicts</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__re62255242b034ae287ea38ae49d6810a"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a4ff167915bc44db8bade47929ab9dd80">Requested Lock Mode/Current Lock Mode</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a815c5a7aafbc4963bd1b784e69c5dedb">ACCESS SHARE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__addeace858ab245f4914e914d9c8fd2e9">ROW SHARE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ac03b638462e346378d7b1e34779f80ae">ROW EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a2013bce63bf24cc8951bdb1662c9042a">SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a1614623de84c4d38a8bd2ace69e9d99c">SHARE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a4552f3d4bcc848fabf9e4f333cd048cc">SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5670f06dfb2444b29a14f7c6e75197ae">EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" id="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0691b3f7c2d7454b817077c0f5e837d5">ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__rd459bf964e6245989727d5ac235c902e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a86f93d698d2840ec888ef730a05cbd3a">ACCESS SHARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad41f1449da704d828a8dcc205e5a9358">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a473145a94f31448eb0281f0ead8ec1f4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__af758125ed2a74e699f75b66dd6202c6b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aa2c9eac45826401b80366ae7c894b7cc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a20fa6451966442568a041e06e6be02c1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad4947f9a73534e7b9a43d268af89e552">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a9ebe196ed6d6427faf4a35b859803361">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a50363cfc97c047b7b145ad6fe0b3d840">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r97b0eec40b424ed58c2cc49b08da52e2"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__adcd818e2fe95444abc63f8e48c3b2fab">ROW SHARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__af4640253b568448d97a01d264351d20b">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a3af0a0a5bad24e6ea2807bdda2244541">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ae3df7421e626422b963933ab860fc6e1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a11767e0a0bbc4a31ad0b41ff34a5669d">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a92bf226349354b2cac554ebe368f637c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a59f8aaad96de43ca9220fb6a2fd6ae68">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a081c0760feee4e83a33ab5999295d409">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5760137abe2e43e4938e920bb67ff42a">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r375b35fcb8304f6aa5cd513565d7ebfb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__af72653b3dd7e4feca6ed445ae5955dab">ROW EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aeacfdaf7d0ad42b3b55945e86892ecb1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5140fca54ef44c42aa381d874228fe11">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ab70501b6903447e38821bb049c7eafcc">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a1e2372efe2444628a14adae5f96dee97">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a015010fb4b5945f3a1fb458f18425f1b">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a9526e5e2417f414ca9b4892910d324a1">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a83b926fad30743d09887951d88880412">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a68dfd6da36864bf79518d047cad399b4">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__rc8f85543b5754a5d9cbdf8ea0a4acc7b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0f08ba0db1ba43aba98d04c6f63a8fb3">SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a745235e8b2ee4cf090f63331e5cd83c2">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a75bc0709636c4424aabfdfde656f4abf">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad8a81978255a452e99d3379465889700">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ae167ca3d219449749135b2bd1ff658b8">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a855ac35af79e4d36b00315ce08498d91">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a82d97a3804874c25a09e31a6fa795882">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__abfbdb9abf0ae41289c897a7730b63ba5">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ae721c026e5e54ad28602fdb401aa0f6b">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r1021bfc6ce4943dcbda3565d01778d76"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__abb00d86aff8e4002b6ca7cd17207591a">SHARE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a3a93d5aa6a8c4ac984d1f4939d5e7524">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a4e8d9be1411d4534bd6dd91d61ace163">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5c3275589836443298ec02cdb34f9287">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a70c9bb04f6e846c0bf711b2bf893f699">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a080200cb62dd42f59b0cb80feb910536">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__abf9fa217bb614b55860a7f1c26f2e698">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aa9fc024501bf4d128a0040ad9b800799">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad6249f10dbbd4b6ea6dd828406199fdd">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r1e606e7b9d614c508149a06ee003f7ca"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a583bbafa61e34530a8935b8486d3aa25">SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a773d72276f8244eabb813943d674b8b1">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a842cd0f53a4e41188023878d390f10e4">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a1bd646ec6de24086a393df1082093a8f">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a8dcedc41fdc742738e2078bbaa78093b">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a28187f915b9d461dbe2b455133349e64">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a4c00bd5291a542869e7987b0068465ee">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a2b54835664154db2bafb796d31c32b00">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0d526e22113844609b22fdba302b0960">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r5c7c3455618841d09a836a9835df9a94"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a506cbe83d9b04a65a64a7b85525281fa">EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ac47c1ceb27154c64bf5be46407acdc9c">-</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a7c8ffbd83fa24ca68a27155e0e2bc5ec">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aef10acc737984e67af0a3dfce99e6676">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad156d01aa44b48cda82dfe5349715eab">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a946fdc91070d43769c65fbc7db1cee22">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a6ffab005b53c4528ad72acdc4d073eb8">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a790493265b1a4cb3b3d4196f47b01858">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ad0fa91730f5944df8d2901dfd4608899">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__r9f818fb0092f47e583ac704cae8e91bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a4c01802b0ad749e4b4d607d1c6226836">ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ac48a0f2b417c4d25b65406afc7e4a1fe">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a3918eed528e24ecc89c5881ad3d37860">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.4 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a9c6d9f01e7f64166b4c83f53d1ae3560">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.5 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aa8ab6c60859f4a6491f24fc9720bd5a0">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.6 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a790339bb6f3d40a185a4c2963adb5f8f">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.7 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a2d417c9b64aa4d3a8c01dfd3be643f70">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.8 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a067d1cba08a147d2b49c14e6e593ffbf">X</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="11.111111111111112%" headers="mcps1.3.4.2.2.10.1.9 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a296cc060a1a1438b97448f6a3670aca7">X</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ab1c489b11c6c45c09bafb0d8e5af18a5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b842352706151327">LOCK</strong> parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__u44cb9d7c744c475e94a94548bd7e2293"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lc4d3b29bca214421a879891577b725fc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a24f648d7d29d46dc82120c1b0ec6a4b1">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a455b47425dc444ad8b8da356ba119cc6">The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table to lock.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aac98498f89ca44f387cf2fc9f3369c98">The tables are locked one-by-one in the order specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b63540875183935">LOCK TABLE</strong> command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a11b00975dc4c4c078ce48c3e4c54c9a5">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l8bec973bb9bb46e797c145c46b7632e5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a41cabc8426524fe888ab474d16b3eff9">ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a1546ce5095974da9bcf8e6245e12da89"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b60504204183935">Only</strong> locks only this table. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b7666932183935">Only</strong> is not specified, this table and all its sub-tables are locked.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l028de87d006a494aac97ddc447614025"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ab43c4fb509984e14acf937730265a2f3">ACCESS SHARE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a7f8a6d27520540a2a1076bc476c7455b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b0469739102513">ACCESS SHARE</strong> allows only read operations on a table. In general, any SQL statements that only read a table and do not modify it will acquire this lock mode. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b55414293183935">SELECT</strong> command acquires a lock of this mode on referenced tables.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ldfe125c54faa4fcdb0ff5c59c05fb4ce"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__acc1e750f95a54a16af0d5735e2841df0">ROW SHARE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a53fd059dbf0b405bbce30e446e324ab2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b14860374854018">ROW SHARE</strong> allows concurrent read of a table but does not allow any other operations on the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0e8b2eb5578c40c2a3fa577fa09ce992"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b12339300784018">SELECT FOR UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b898124444018">SELECT FOR SHARE</strong> automatically acquire the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b18687359674018">ROW SHARE</strong> lock on the target table and add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b3703894594018">ACCESS SHARE</strong> lock to other referenced tables except <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b10243734964018">FOR SHARE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b18106357844018">FOR UPDATE</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lbd4ab20ac345466ab4e64b07c662a884"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5866672017174cbaac8a061f8c7a90af">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__abe36bb977f2049ddac4f53426a3be092">Like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b30177226183935">ROW SHARE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b3159584183935">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> allows concurrent read of a table but does not allow modification of data in the table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b18328529754018">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b1168349274018">DELETE</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b17821550124018">INSERT</strong> automatically acquire the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b6377899734018">ROW SHARE</strong> lock on the target table and add the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b8602476474018">ACCESS SHARE</strong> lock to other referenced tables. Generally, all commands that modify table data acquire the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b21270764074018">ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> lock for tables.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l6d4912192e4046d587267d2acab50c16"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a543a14fba3a94d4d9e9b6618e41ee585">SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a3cb9e999803746629df501165b8c3913">This mode protects a table against concurrent schema changes and VACUUM runs.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a36400251c8c34cc2841bac0adec0b741">Acquired by VACUUM (without FULL), ANALYZE, CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY, and some forms of ALTER TABLE.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lda547306cbf84840a70b83c8539c810f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a66cebbb0e7ec49e9aef91b8c426dde71">SHARE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0230733fe7f34bbda7e4c7f34850c0be"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b7619897714018">SHARE</strong> allows concurrent queries of a table but does not allow modification of the table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a8dc36034496f47c0a6edaac7e60896b9">Acquired by CREATE INDEX (without CONCURRENTLY).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lcbabb9162e2249368dfaca9a75573295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a8f655e6538d6470583a221f3f7dd3940">SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5cb9409d14264294b2ca73ab1049cab4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b3801689774018">SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> protects a table against concurrent data changes, and is self-exclusive so that only one session can hold it at a time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__aa9efbc2538e641358513866d7555114d">No SQL statements automatically acquire this lock mode.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__l51ae488ae4194fcc9f245533cd3f7943"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a188ce7ee0eb74542b4ea707d9ce8bd78">EXCLUSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a2ac2d0d256a140f2974f438dcb78511e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b14174759634018">EXCLUSIVE</strong> allows concurrent queries of the target table but does not allow any other operations.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__abfbdc914843f4432a3945d57ed04a3ca">This mode allows only concurrent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b16970902464018">ACCESS SHARE</strong> locks; that is, only reads from the table can proceed in parallel with a transaction holding this lock mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a72fcbc15ef2a4e29ba036e2fae7ea46a">No SQL statements automatically acquire this lock mode on user tables. However, it will be acquired on some system tables in case of some operations.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lfb381ffaa64d47e99aa6b73fc2aebc3b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a0f9995511f174af48ffc07ec235a3f5d">ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a7d2cf6715b6c4ee0a68e5e7d9dc15ae6">This mode guarantees that the holder is the only transaction accessing the table in any way.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a244d4889bb764045806314a8f8e935a4">Acquired by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b196598094018">ALTER TABLE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b7260205234018">DROP TABLE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b2796764174018">TRUNCATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b10821830294018">REINDEX</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b5046875364018">CLUSTER</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b716540644018">VACUUM FULL</strong> commands.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__ac96c7088bed84158a55d9d75e5a03d55">This is also the default lock mode for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b9790614374018">LOCK TABLE</strong> statements that do not specify a mode explicitly.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__lde394eca79494876b88a09d7d21231dd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a9a490fd36e664143b619f418a66f1168">NOWAIT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a937309b6a169409d94b5ab941ee922c9">Specifies that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b45320027183935">LOCK TABLE</strong> should not wait for any conflicting locks to be released: if the specified lock(s) cannot be acquired immediately without waiting, the transaction is aborted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__a5f7b2b1446d04c8089da5e6c8928931c">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b52433432183935">NOWAIT</strong> is not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b2138848183935">LOCK TABLE</strong> obtains a table-level lock, waiting if necessary for any conflicting locks to be released.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__s4521fa51a8ca439a861325ad0633359a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__p6711103215125">Obtain a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b10525533184018">SHARE</strong> lock on a primary key table when going to perform inserts into a foreign key table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__screen1782024181319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Parts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">missing</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__p1971113217128">Obtain a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b16350745424018">SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE</strong> lock on a primary key table when going to perform a delete operation.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__screen1084217549139"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">LOCK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCLUSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MODE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__p97101032181212">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__b16191183884018"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__text17710113211215">tpcds.</span>reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150818__screen1351924015142"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">MERGE INTO</h1>
+<div id="body1530499427336"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__section11462163155618"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p1593511493188">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1389264818112">MERGE INTO</strong> statement is used to conditionally match data in a target table with that in a source table. If data matches, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1793412147552">UPDATE</strong> is executed on the target table; if data does not match, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b5919317105513">INSERT</strong> is executed. You can use this syntax to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b2656143555610">UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1973573715615">INSERT</strong> at a time for convenience.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__section166351045574"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__ul465523022711"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li1265553012278">To run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b166651398294">MERGE INTO</strong>, you must have the UPDATE and INSERT permissions for the target table, as well as the SELECT permission for the source table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li157271332122719"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b135175965916">PREPARE</strong> is not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li47909342275"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b61741215593">MERGE INTO</strong> cannot be executed during redistribution.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li183652301425"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1844142122314">MERGE INTO</strong> cannot be executed for target tables that contain triggers.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__section10551749579"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__screen836344319819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">MERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">view_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">subquery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MATCHED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MATCHED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__section1315653475"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__ul0131122414393"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__l2e7c51aac0a94a18bf457a6cb51fc92b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1790952718013">INTO</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__afd87c3971a4d4428b1326a6b1633bd60">Specifies the target table that is being updated or has data being inserted. It cannot be a replication table.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__ul1536131117155"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li355611952012"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b457694211213">talbe_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p139262952113">Specifies the name of the target table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__l9d81378151c840608c7f91620059e663"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__a870e440c9dbc4c2b8d332416c636b5b7">alias</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__a849db2fd073941289d905ecac08ab8ac">Specifies the alias of the target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__a4047bf2bb850400982359fec570c4f9b">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li639155673"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b5235181011212">USING</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p58570217715">Specifies the source table, which can be a table, view, or subquery.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__l849b5f8b1c044e69b209289558768817"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b14253733321">ON</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__a20ef3ea8919b439aa87cd0dc7571a357">Specifies the condition used to match data between the source and target tables. Columns in the condition cannot be updated.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li2630142874718"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b31295321934">WHEN MATCHED</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p12887162312286">Performs the UPDATE operation if data in the source table matches that in the target table based on the condition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p79501031124716">Distribution keys cannot be updated. System catalogs and system columns cannot be updated.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li227205134712"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1026311413613">WHEN NOT MATCHED</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p14681335172619">Specifies that the INSERT operation is performed if data in the source table does not match that in the target table based on the condition.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p46549488473">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b51819394716">INSERT</strong> clause is not allowed to contain multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b547010533716">VALUES</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p20458113872611">The order of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b18862161183">WHEN MATCHED</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b7393992812">WHEN NOT MATCHED</strong> clauses can be reversed. One of them can be used by default, but they cannot be both used at one time. Two <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b12704614391">WHEN MATCHED</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b10187617594">WHEN NOT MATCHED</strong> clauses cannot be specified at the same time.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li11886163461611"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b38861734141614">DEFAULT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p988643414168">Specifies the default value of a column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p17886034161616">It will be <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b4871682812018">NULL</strong> if no specific default value has been assigned to it.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__li688613441610"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b20886193481611">WHERE condition</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p188603471617">Specifies the conditions for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b8145171921312">UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b1192192141311">INSERT</strong> clauses. The two clauses will be executed only when the conditions are met. The default value can be used. System columns cannot be referenced in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b972722814140">WHERE condition</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__section3650125620712"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p9679181631517">Create the target table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b209596430335944">products</strong> and source table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b143244836335944">newproducts</strong>, and insert data to them.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__screen176643416159"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1501</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'vivitar 35mm'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'electrncs'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1502</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'olympus is50'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'electrncs'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1600</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'play gym'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'toys'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1601</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'lamaze'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'toys'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1666</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'harry potter'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dvd'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VARCHAR2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1502</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'olympus camera'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'electrncs'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1601</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'lamaze'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'toys'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1666</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'harry potter'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'toys'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1700</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'wait interface'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'books'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p176780168152">Run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__b192140040835944">MERGE INTO</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__screen1664481471613"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">MERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">   </span>
+<span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MATCHED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'play gym'</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MATCHED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'books'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">MERGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p156781316151512">Query updates.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__screen4477143517161"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">product_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">product_name</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">category</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="c1">------------+----------------+-----------</span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1501</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vivitar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="n">mm</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">electrncs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1502</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">olympus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">camera</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">electrncs</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1600</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">play</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gym</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toys</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1601</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lamaze</span><span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toys</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1666</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">harry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">potter</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toys</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="mi">1700</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">books</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__p067801681510">Delete a table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098831014__screen13381348121610"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">products</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newproducts</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">INSERT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__s913a34a64c084a138d56f7fbfe5916cc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ac9038235a6954dcb9e97e86fe5d26667"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b842352706191144">INSERT</strong> inserts new rows into a table.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__sca82b0b9d8d8442ca9d8447acb2edf50"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__udb2d07d9ae2541d4a7105616a77404f3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l5c66b43ec93b4a128a92abc2851416ea">You must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b3206178102933">INSERT</strong> permission on a table in order to insert into it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__lfcb5fe32c9a9428aa95239b02d68b82c">Use of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b58373880102933">RETURNING</strong> clause requires the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b55602877102933">SELECT</strong> permission on all columns mentioned in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b30663846102933">RETURNING</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l872d24f451684ab7b8550945091ec089">If you use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b743637102933">query</strong> clause to insert rows from a query, you of course need to have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b6692741102933">SELECT</strong> permission on any table or column used in the query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li677573823415">If you use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b26929924432059">OVERWRITE </strong>clause to insert, you must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b5684139132059">SELECT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b23938289132059">TRUNCATE </strong>permissions on the table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l327850f0ced6469da391884ea015ccd6">When you connect to a database compatible to Teradata and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b84235270683114">td_compatible_truncation</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b842352706141432">on</strong>, a long character string will be automatically truncated. If later <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b84235270620034">INSERT</strong> statements (not involving foreign tables) insert long strings to columns of char- and varchar-typed columns in the target table, the system will truncate the long strings to ensure no strings exceed the maximum length defined in the target table.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__n03c9c46173524fa996329f6ee1a7c828"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a243069bb3d584803bd8dd157e880dac9">If inserting multi-byte character data (such as Chinese characters) to database with the character set byte encoding (SQL_ASCII, LATIN1), and the character data crosses the truncation position, the string is truncated based on its bytes instead of characters. Unexpected result will occur in tail after the truncation. If you want correct truncation result, you are advised to adopt encoding set such as UTF8, which has no character data crossing the truncation position.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__se26969fe97994814b5f45a6173164204"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__se26969fe97994814b5f45a6173164204"></a><a name="se26969fe97994814b5f45a6173164204"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__s51f2f81628824457b9a60a64a85eed91"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RECURSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">with_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IGNORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVERWRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DUPLICATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicate_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conflict_target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conflict_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">output_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicate_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conflict_target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLLATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">collation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">opclass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index_predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constraint_name</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conflict_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOTHING</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">              </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__s607f0d6336b9473ea352e2b4338007fd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__uf3d37e5bb5214918964a03fd40a4679d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l3c6629af41bc492bbebb8585a299261f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0059778902_b993312118384">WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a132d7d85bf204b409867f3e985ae2a14">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693837">WITH</strong> clause allows you to specify one or more subqueries that can be referenced by name in the primary query, equal to temporary table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__abdf9a5f395d845adb939bca79aea7dca">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693847">RECURSIVE</strong> is specified, it allows a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693853">SELECT</strong> subquery to reference itself by name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__aac04aaf56a214478a22bbc44cc8ee8da">The detailed format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b842352706155446">with_query</strong> is as follows: with_query_name [ (column_name [,...]) ] AS</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a0a8dec7634d14ffd98f62fafdfc1f6dc">( {select | values | insert | update | delete} )</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__af1284b81fe9d4af09633a9f6da41633c">-- <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b52561578214026">with_query_name</strong> specifies the name of the result set generated by a subquery. Such names can be used to access the result sets of </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ab625d5667c1f4c97b360e8505fe9f918">subqueries in a query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a3d691e27a267409f8449eaca3e2e158a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706112838">column_name</strong> specifies the column name displayed in the subquery result set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a5bc210c11a9b430997b244d4b8d415dd">Each subquery can be a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b64041359405">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b040595144020">VALUES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b34053564010">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b740619554011">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b94061518405">DELETE</strong> statement.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li1658358133513"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b542710234543">IGNORE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p20813142495516">Specifies that the data that duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value will be ignored.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p14591415103513">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0237.html">UPSERT</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li899118139223"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b650622625418">OVERWRITE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p4132321194814">Specifies the overwrite mode. After this mode is used, the original data is cleared and only the newly inserted data exists.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p1334019304468">You can specify the columns on which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1876510242514">OVERWRITE</strong> takes effect, and the other columns will keep their original data. If a column has no original data, its value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b11688151361913">NULL</strong>.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__note461263225716"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ul698044814595"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li189801348195910">Do not perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b185081314547">OVERWRITE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b95641933105410">INSERT INTO</strong> operations at the same time. Otherwise, data written in real time may be unexpectedly cleared.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li169801848145911"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1047631712555">OVERWRITE</strong> applies to the scenario where a large amount of data is imported. You are not advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b42741126185515">OVERWRITE</strong> to insert a small amount of data.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li21131351382">Do not concurrently perform insert overwrite operations on the same table. Otherwise, an error similar to "tuple concurrently updated." will be reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li015001913710">If the cluster is being scaled out and data redistribution is required for the table where <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1386883371614">INSERT OVERWRITE</strong> is performed, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1450317384213">INSERT OVERWRITE</strong> clears the current data and automatically distributes the inserted data to the new nodes after scale-out. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b167396310168">INSERT OVERWRITE</strong> and the data redistribution of the table are performed at the same time, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b148689537155">INSERT OVERWRITE</strong> will interrupt the data redistribution of the table.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l2e7c51aac0a94a18bf457a6cb51fc92b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__aef279db8808241e987b7b541d8d7fdba">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__afd87c3971a4d4428b1326a6b1633bd60">Specifies the name of the target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a401d03c284e5426eba3276a1cd43d465">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li1955818209371"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b125421424103719">AS</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p331372793710">Specifies an alias for the target table <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i18931553165517">table_name</em>. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i291413315566">alias</em> indicates the alias name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l0e820def95a8474aaab80ee445063ba5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__aa0f0ac51fd9b4f9ba477113c04d4b936">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a87b77c72ccf44651a0e0a66508a7ae79">Specifies the name of a column in a table.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ufce3a29ef86646f9a9a0280a3777b516"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l4039768ab49346ecb28674d9d6b83499">The column name can be qualified with a subfield name or array subscript, if needed.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__la40007088bc44700a82792bb94f2b614">Each column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be filled with a default value, either its declared default value or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b926152411277">NULL</strong> if there is none. (Inserting into only some fields of a composite column leaves the other fields <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b174611539162710">NULL</strong>.)</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__leba66e67e5704bbc8b9804e0784a78ad">The target column names <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b84235270617376">column_name</strong> can be listed in any order. If no list of column names is given at all, the default is all the columns of the table in their declared order.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l2e94828376d143f5bf0c2f4aaa6791ac">The target columns are the first N column names, if there are only N columns supplied by the value clause or query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l8bf4eeec548a430389db45b82980387b">The values supplied by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b18266259034111">value</strong> clause or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b18514442844111">query</strong> are associated with the explicit or implicit column list left-to-right.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a3a4cafeb87b24059a8f2c39a5b171e96">Value range: an existing column name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l288e0449398e4445a28537d812766a05"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a6473d07e30184afd9b4dc039f078298f">expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a2e705aa2657240ae8dba4b602e899daa">Specifies an expression or a value to assign to the corresponding column.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__uc5c533b7a09440798463dabee0fa5ca6"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l7ab826ef384740b584ca1fe6f580f234">If single-quotation marks are inserted in a column, the single-quotation marks need to be used for escape.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l0d15dc3f368c454cb1f6eb8ac4bc5f3e">If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type, automatic type conversion will be attempted. If the attempt fails, data insertion fails and the system returns an error message.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p2094013274318">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen4959103213394"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Please</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specify</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">suitable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Jack say ''hello'''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Rose do 50%'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Lilei say ''world'''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Hanmei do 100%'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Lilei</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hanmei</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">drop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__le6e3f5a6e05041f0aad9ff5ff62fd422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__aa8d4a03e107749daa4bf7c9473b7752c">DEFAULT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a07629daffd2047fc8a2d7323c5d35b23">All columns will be filled with their default values. The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b4871682812018">NULL</strong> if no specified default value has been assigned to it.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l5ed6b86e332a418380c47e8aa004d6ec"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a219545b6fd734546b36c86c6339faeb1">query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__afc1d45e221074bf68414f4454f382868">Specifies a query statement (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b723095917589">SELECT</strong> statement) that uses the query result as the inserted data.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li67255224384"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b47003310332">ON DUPLICATE KEY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p83692056113817">Specifies that the data that duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value will be updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p2449195354913"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i101931832105919">duplicate_action</em> specifies the columns and data to be updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p35901516195511">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0237.html">UPSERT</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li1349445919409"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1806103773312">ON CONFLICT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p655191084110">Specifies that the data that duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value will be ignored or updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p15969125720461"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i34771111616">conflict_target</em> specifies the column name <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i96281119418">index_column_name</em>, expression <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i1254914351913">index_expression</em> that contains multiple column names, or constraint name <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i975319351421">constraint_name</em>. It is used to infer whether there is a unique index from the column name, the expression that contains multiple column names, or the constraint name. <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i3844102619318">index_column_name</em> and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i165901301131">index_expression</em> must comply with the index column format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b813634219311">CREATE INDEX</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p28510393488"><em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__i1631712541332">conflict_action</em> specifies the policy to be executed upon a primary key or unique constraint conflict. There are two available actions:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ul091017313416"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li9162135563316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b761285713420">DO NOTHING</strong>: Ignore the conflict.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__li1616545513310"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b117591978516">DO UPDATE SET</strong>: Update data upon a conflict. The columns and data to be updated must be specified.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p163785105345">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0237.html">UPSERT</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l3b1226d66fac4b0a8ceccde0b8f4cea0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ac98270f959b848f5b10a2a4454627a84">RETURNING</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__aaf94a39af012499aa35d78356ddd65d1">Returns the inserted rows. The syntax of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b6684745218187">RETURNING </strong>list is identical to that of the output list of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b6475616418187">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__lca8efd274b3a4b71a87c5d480ba01b5a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a1c705cae251549d8a2ae226f43fccebb">output_expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__ac02747f365ba4498a3008a179ef59ec9">An expression used to calculate the output of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__en-us_topic_0058966198_b656245218187">INSERT</strong> command after each row is inserted.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__af3cc953c153a4d378c1b41b31f154927">Value range: The expression can use any field in the table. Write * to return all columns of the inserted row(s).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__l534935422ae044e5b9caea617e8ee230"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a905e9fdc42654bf0a753ecee13bdf190">output_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__a37f3ba7e28044ea29fc4900c78a10452">A name to use for a returned column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__afa5a3d06283f4f62aae5e8d007c7c589">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__s34f59f03fabd44b7b12042e7cd73f6be"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p17803165715383">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b27927813232059">reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen729664514194"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_NA</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p145562617431">Insert a record into a table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen7455132616438"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_NA</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p1045511268437">Insert a record into a table. This command is equivalent to the last one.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen7455172664316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p545522644319">Insert records whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b55230764532059">TABLE_SK</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b103589801032059">1</strong> into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen145642616436"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p13455182614310">Insert records into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen476925612426"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'T01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TeacherA'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'T02'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TeacherB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+----------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">S01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">StudentA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">T01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">TeacherA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">T02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">TeacherB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p2457112619433">Clear existing data in the table and insert data to the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen64571826144313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVERWRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S02'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+----------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">S02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">StudentB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p10540939131519">Insert data back into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b1661084712419">reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen25401839111512">INSERT INTO reason_t1 SELECT * FROM reason_t1;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p105400395154">Specify default values for independent columns.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen85406392157">INSERT INTO reason_t1 VALUES (5, 'S03', DEFAULT);</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__p10540103917153">Insert some data in a table to another table: Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b165161854142012">WITH</strong> subquery to obtain a temporary table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b751735462012">temp_t</strong>, and then insert all data in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b851795442016">temp_t</strong> to another table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__b151745402011">reason_t1</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__screen954014398155">WITH temp_t AS (SELECT * FROM reason_t1) INSERT INTO reason_t1 SELECT * FROM temp_t ORDER BY 1;</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0275.html">INSERT and UPSERT</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0237.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0237.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UPSERT</h1>
+<div id="body0000001128647083"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__section96559314154"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p10655173131519"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b415693812713">UPSERT</strong> inserts rows into a table. When a row duplicates an existing primary key or unique key value, the row will be ignored or updated.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__note1511919271218"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1311932101211">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b467519438371">UPSERT</strong> syntax is supported only in 8.1.1 and later.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__section128601334191818"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p20588194511819">For details, see <a href="dws_06_0236.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990904__se26969fe97994814b5f45a6173164204">Syntax</a> of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b122062020181014">INSERT</strong>. The following table describes the syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b6686131916128">UPSERT</strong>.</p>
+
+<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__table663035101813"></a><a name="table663035101813"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__table663035101813" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>UPSERT syntax</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__row261035171818"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p9611235101812">Syntax</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p15611935121816">Update Data Upon Conflict</p>
+</th>
+<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p36123517186">Ignore Data Upon Conflict</p>
+</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__row46213581815"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p196113359183">Syntax 1: No index is specified.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen10798943161918">INSERT INTO ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.3 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen139871862019">INSERT IGNORE
+INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__row663163591811"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="20%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p962163521814">Syntax 2: The unique key constraint can be inferred from the specified column name or constraint name.</p>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.2 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen122585578195">INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT(...) DO UPDATE SET
+INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT con_name DO UPDATE SET</pre>
+</td>
+<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.3.2.3.2.4.1.3 "><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen95451842200">INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT(...) DO NOTHING
+INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT con_name DO NOTHING</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p10130926123511">In syntax 1, no index is specified. The system checks for conflicts on all primary keys or unique indexes. If a conflict exists, the system ignores or updates the corresponding data.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1868482015368">In syntax 2, a specified index is used for conflict check. The primary key or unique index is inferred from the column name, the expression that contains column names, or the constraint name specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b17702181815615">ON CONFLICT</strong> clause.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul56041217417"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li8686111819410">Unique index inference<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p152226442"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li8686111819410"></a><a name="li8686111819410"></a>Syntax 2 infers the primary key or unique index by specifying the column name or constraint name. You can specify a single column name or multiple column names by using an expression, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b7251201941320">(column1, column2, column3)</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p99971411183"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1678462110486">collation</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1027722414816">opclass</strong> can be specified when you create an index. Therefore, you can also specify them after the column name for index inference.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p102579616171"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b202861305518">COLLATE collation</strong> specifies the collation of a column, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1883654018569">opclass</strong> specifies the name of the operator class. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a>.</p>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1914124720227">When inferring the unique index from an expression that includes multiple column names, the system checks whether there is a unique index that exactly contains all the column names specified by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b181861164712">conflict_target</strong>.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul122481958182515"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li320152422615">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b096101488">collation</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b4405319811">opclass</strong> are not specified, a match is considered found as long as a column has the same name as the specified single column or multiple columns have the same names as those specified by the column expression (regardless of the values of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b10968355121017">collation</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b161141458191012">opclass</strong> specified for the index column).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li102481058102511">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b12308348111318">collation</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b246605017132">opclass</strong> are specified, their values must also match the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1325152916147">collation</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b12344931171413">opclass</strong> of the index.</li></ul>
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li196101274116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b10428175019141">UPDATE</strong> clause</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p44397717254">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b92135415148">UPDATE</strong> clause can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b658820181520">VALUES(colname)</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b67448216155">EXCLUDED.colname</strong> to reference inserted data. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b4668191219150">EXCLUDED</strong> indicates the rows that should be excluded due to conflicts. An example is as follows:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen1749114551418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Upon a conflicting row, change the value in column a to the value in column a of the target table plus 1, which, in this example, is (1,2,1).</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- EXCLUDED.a is used to reference the value of column a that is originally proposed for insertion. In this example, the value is 10.</span>
+<span class="c1">-- Upon a conflicting row, change the value of column a to that of the referenced column plus 1. In this example, the value is updated to (1,11,1).</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul174849128396"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li20777357396"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1146812276262">WHERE</strong> clause<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul14512164911391"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li114842124399">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b186508542811">WHERE</strong> clause is used to determine whether a specified condition is met when data conflict occurs. If yes, update the conflict data. Otherwise, ignore it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1894841402">Only syntax 2 of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b118941656152314">Update Data Upon Conflict</strong> can specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1941082416108">WHERE</strong> clause, that is, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b133051424103816">INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT(...) DO UPDATE SET WHERE</strong>.</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1622634944716">Note the following when using the syntax:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul124393417478"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li13439041194710">Syntax 1 and syntax 2 described in <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__table663035101813">Table 1</a> cannot be used together in the same statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1439124116471">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1062956114314">WITH</strong> clause cannot be used at the same time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li12439174117470"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1629613121441">INSERT OVERWRITE</strong> cannot be used at the same time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li543912419476">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1695472019319">UPDATE</strong> clause and its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b167721723137">WHERE</strong> clause do not support subqueries.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1143934117472"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b947635134419">VALUES(colname)</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b419717376446">UPDATE</strong> clause does not support outer nested functions. That is, the usage similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b18667724479">sqrt(VALUES(colname))</strong> is not supported. To support this function, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1725811810478">EXCLUDED.colname</strong> syntax.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1440124118474"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b17180112053214">INSERT INTO ON CONFLICT(...) DO UPDATE</strong> must contain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1539117139369">conflict_target</strong>. That is, a column or constraint name must be specified.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__section3890134019203"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ul467666192216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li4695176184816">When running <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b9646322948">UPSERT</strong> on a column-store table, you are advised to enable the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b5741124513413">DELTA</strong> table. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b19519561648">DELTA</strong> table is disabled, concurrency will be affected and the space will be incurred.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li176771664229">Only users with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1888463419364">INSERT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b958163613611">UPDATE</strong> permission on a table can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b7825950143612">UPSERT</strong> statement to insert data to or update data in the table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li156774632219">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b13709104133717">UPSERT</strong> statement of updating data upon conflict can be executed only when the target table contains a primary key or unique index.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li176771166225">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b3653193411419">UPSERT</strong> statement of updating data upon conflict cannot be executed if no unique indexes are available. You can execute the statement only after the indexes are rebuilt.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li188411118172410">A distributed deadlock may occur, resulting in query hanging.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__note156142992212"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p169055290379">For example, multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b3733162315016">UPSERT</strong> statements are executed in batches in a transaction or through JDBC (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b73281349155111">setAutoCommit(false)</strong>). Multiple similar tasks are executed at the same time.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p17351108256">Possible result: The update sequences of different threads may vary depending on nodes. As a result, a deadlock may occur when the same row is concurrently updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p164711530154214">Solution:</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__ol19101155152413"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li110112511243">Decrease the value of the GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b79871831155413">lockwait_timeout</strong>. The default value is 20 minutes. A distributed deadlock error will be reported after waiting for <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__i1156105313576">the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b14011357105714">lockwait_timeout</strong></em>. You can decrease the value of this parameter to reduce the service waiting time caused by a deadlock.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1810165152413">Ensure that data with the same primary key is imported from only one database to the database. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b209241759195910">UPSERT</strong> statements can be executed concurrently.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1110120552412">Only one <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b23961175019">UPSERT</strong> statement is executed in each transaction. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b320820191003">UPSERT</strong> statements can be executed concurrently.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li51016522418">Multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b3289174619011">UPSERT</strong> statements can be executed in a single thread. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b169651030614">UPSERT</strong> statements cannot be executed concurrently.</li></ol>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p11855185810412">In the preceding solution, method 1 can only reduce the waiting time but cannot solve the deadlock problem. If there are <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b20210101311210">UPSERT</strong> statements in the service, you are advised to decrease the value of this parameter. Methods 2, 3, and 4 can solve the deadlock problem, but method 2 is recommended because its performance is better than another two methods.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li167820692211">The distribution column cannot be updated. (Exception: Update is allowed if the distribution key is the same as the updated value.)<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen46311982309"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dist_key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li106551250165518">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b610215552262">UPSERT</strong> statement cannot be executed on the target table that contains a trigger (with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b34238818276">INSERT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b3237161118276">UPDATE</strong> trigger event).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li156781062221">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1637104111301">UPSERT</strong> statement is not supported for updatable views.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li86787612228">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b6568563815">UPDATE</strong> clause, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b8946291164">WHERE</strong> clause of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1562171541618">UPDATE</strong>, and the index condition expression should not contain functions that cannot be pushed down.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1967876112212">Unique indexes cannot be deferred.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li133778561291">The update data upon conflict statement of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b167154591730">UPSERT</strong> cannot be executed on column-store replication tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li1365759145818">When performing the update operation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b187505166209">UPSERT</strong> using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b3419351141716">INSERT INTO SELECT</strong>, pay attention to the query result sequence of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1150918598193">SELECT</strong>. In a distributed environment, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b2748135792419">ORDER BY</strong> statement is not used, the sequence of returned results may be different each time the same <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b352212319250">SELECT</strong> statement is executed. As a result, the execution result of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b206881428192515">UPSERT</strong> statement does not meet the expectation.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__li467817602211">Multiple updates are not supported. An error will be reported if the inserted multiple groups of data conflict with each other. (Exception: No error will be reported if the query plan is a PGXC plan.)<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen129697321156"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span>
+<span class="normal">36</span>
+<span class="normal">37</span>
+<span class="normal">38</span>
+<span class="normal">39</span>
+<span class="normal">40</span>
+<span class="normal">41</span>
+<span class="normal">42</span>
+<span class="normal">43</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Use the stream query plan:</span>
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFF</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                   </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">                </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+-----------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GATHER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">       </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Streaming</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REDISTRIBUTE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;*VALUES*&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">---------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Insert on t1</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Conflict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Resolution</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Conflict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Arbiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Indexes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_pkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="o">======</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Summary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=====</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">System</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">available</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">819200</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">819200</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">estimated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3104</span><span class="n">KB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">command</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cannot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">affect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">second</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">time</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Ensure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">that</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">no</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proposed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insertion</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">same</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">command</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">have</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constrained</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-- Disable the stream plan and generate a PGXC plan:</span>
+<span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enable_stream_operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">off</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXPLAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COSTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFF</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                  </span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLAN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">            </span><span class="k">operation</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">----+----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Scan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;*VALUES*&quot;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Information</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">identified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">---------------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Insert on t1</span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Conflict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Resolution</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Conflict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Arbiter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Indexes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1_pkey</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expr</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__section414485520537"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p16832136201910">Create table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b119612272932051">reason_t2</strong> and insert data into it.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen729664514194"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">primary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---+---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p15641446101711">Insert two data records into the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b17067762732051">reason_t2</strong>. One data record conflicts and the other does not. Conflicting data is ignored, and non-conflicting data is inserted.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen1591835115175"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOTHING</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---+----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p14832203691917">Insert two data records into the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b1740174820596">reason_t2</strong>. One data record conflicts and the other does not. Conflicting data is updated, and non-conflicting data is inserted.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen42581717201"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXCLUDED</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---+----</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1386074452016">Filter the updated rows.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen13665655192417"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">excluded</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">excluded</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---+---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__p1671912232512">Insert data into the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__b83365246932051">reason_t</strong>. Update the conflicting data and adjust the mapping. That is, update column c to column b and column b to column c.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910983__screen358463903712"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CONFLICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">excluded</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">excluded</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---+---</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0275.html">INSERT and UPSERT</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SELECT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s4aaa3f44fd4c4c26ac169cbeadfa5b3f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__af684fc07efa44b368aeb556f54395f91"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b6914359175">SELECT</strong> retrieves data from a table or view.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a90e5d78209b04b0b8820d3dcd219c3d6">Serving as an overlaid filter for a database table, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b6051071311427">SELECT</strong> using SQL keywords retrieves required data from data tables.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s78bf00a719ef44199ba2e0f9c0248a54"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u9896b696863844bab556b6d33afd9fc7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l086d85b7adfc48a89972baea179bac49">Using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706155646">SELECT</strong> can join HDFS and ordinary tables, but cannot join ordinary and GDS foreign tables. That is, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b96613537615573">SELECT</strong> statement cannot contain both ordinary and GDS foreign tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lfac5e780b1bb4e9a9c0718b42ea38cf6">The user must have the SELECT permission on every column used in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693252">SELECT</strong> command.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u0a63d0085c844d08a5f30b834204f72b"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb54cd2d59f974eefa8e4f16eaefbf89e">UPDATE permission is required when using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270693259">FOR UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8423527069334">FOR SHARE</strong>.</li></ul>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s50a8a035635e48e98b4980d2e4e4bf75"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u15e87fe53aff484c81dc1c7f48835f40"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l2387cad9785c496f8cc9b2d0f96362d8">Querying data</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s6034843f228243b89db2138546baece4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RECURSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">with_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="cm">/*+ plan_hint */</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grouping_element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINDOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">window_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTERSECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCEPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MINUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nlssort_expression_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOWAIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__nd82a9d69dbe44615b5d58f2317b24ee0"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a0ddb0d189f204032ba292175a2d08fc2">In condition and expression, you can use the aliases of expressions in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706191138">targetlist</strong> in compliance with the following rules:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u91719365c9444c8ab09972f5eff8b222"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l94e348a1eeec4f00a67389fa2d0f468d">Reference only in the same level.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb63304032b954772a9da572edf6fd570">Only reference aliases in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12557183883618">targetlist</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l37921722f4804f569ca75a02403ea8a3">Reference a prior expression in a subsequent expression.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l97f6e5f331fe4652a46ec4cc882bc837">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693659">volatile</strong> function cannot be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l1d235ea487ba4a2596381fa52822a878">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693656">Window</strong> function cannot be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l4b58bf5a415c4d90993a40cbc151a739">Do not reference an alias in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693630">join on</strong> condition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l4c738fccc53d46bfbd3d66611e1f487f">An error is reported if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b152921527193610">targetlist</strong> contains multiple referenced aliases.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ubcd67d3dc40240929e019b123aede886"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__leb2e5137edfd4cd88421e9d9fa7ae05c">The subquery <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270611256">with_query</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s12ac0a9294924ffd8c44b61cf39b7beb"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">with_query_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l01fa039af3a143708a42be93aa614693">The specified query source <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706111123">from_item</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s0e4b14cc77ba4b8d80b7f94e4c356ed7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">with_query_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argument</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argument</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">from_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NATURAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">join_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">join_condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">join_column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l178890201443489ca54622f7ce341d11">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706153938">group</strong> clause is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s900ec6cff9c6489b81bdbf86942c23ba"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLLUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CUBE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grouping_element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l6896a73270364c66b1535608fd1f4cf5">The specified partition <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706111313">partition_clause</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__se66d37b016e14496a9a41bb0b44cd72a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition_value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ne4fd1d5ab5cc4b8d97c1f9b04922541e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ac45c6d0adfdc47079e3f2bdbbe61d992">Partitions can be specified only for ordinary tables. </p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l9372b318c22d49d09c683d639d2b4b01">The sorting order <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0085033010_en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706111915">nlssort_expression_clause</strong> is as follows:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__sfe7df5e182a5404597d76e0cdbce78b1"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">NLSSORT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' NLS_SORT = { SCHINESE_PINYIN_M | generic_m_ci } '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l88acada40d73481990221d814fee1bd4">Simplified query syntax, equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706154057">select * from table_name</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__sa392fa2a442247d9ac485a7781dd4730"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s3d562432879c4244bcdbfdf9f30bcc5e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s3d562432879c4244bcdbfdf9f30bcc5e"></a><a name="s3d562432879c4244bcdbfdf9f30bcc5e"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u46cc0e41390341239d62308fe9ab6584"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l960132ce67644a2b88bd231680bc0159"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a98a693ba128149ca8ddb334f9150b8e5">WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__af175239a7ebf41dbba346040fa5f81e9">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693837">WITH</strong> clause allows you to specify one or more subqueries that can be referenced by name in the primary query, equal to temporary table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ae4550db3cb5f436d9f99202e871704b4">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693847">RECURSIVE</strong> is specified, it allows a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693853">SELECT</strong> subquery to reference itself by name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a0091192c23ce433486347221925f6191">The detailed format of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706112445">with_query</strong> is as follows: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270611255">with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( {select | values | insert | update | delete} )</strong></p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u60b4d08f2c304d489b6c4e1e182b1124"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb8ad5bb4274843aaab5d411ceb1e520d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706112635">with_query_name</strong> specifies the name of the result set generated by a subquery. Such names can be used to access the result sets of subqueries in a query.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l6087544bba9f4355bc1e805255897bc3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706112838">column_name</strong> specifies a column name displayed in the subquery result set.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf6c8a2d666b04fb584d2c609cc9334aa">Each subquery can be a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693925">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693928">VALUES</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693932">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693936">UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b84235270693940">DELETE</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li3827664622714"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16167321123016">plan_hint</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p4005798022743">Follows the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b65005602418">SELECT</strong> keyword in the /*+&lt;<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i1122934813319">Plan hint</em>&gt; */ format. It is used to optimize the plan of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1911012163259">SELECT</strong> statement block. For details, see section "Hint-based Tuning."</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l33a108a7689549c8b910e68210aa5314"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a704deac84be8427bb9f8cd3dbd0dbd00">ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a98c782963e71415ea900483f0f7c456e">Specifies that all rows meeting the requirements are returned. This is the default behavior, so you can omit this keyword.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l43ddfc3d9a0d4f9398fea88436b376ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ae08bf8ed7a1441ae9c46a40dabb09efa">DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a0bf97a5e5b5646ecb6e69997867c0ec9">Removes all duplicate rows from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b14286125881214">SELECT</strong> result set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a02d339bc997f49b6993656fbaecea9d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706101130">ON ( expression [, ...] )</strong> is only reserved for the first row among all the rows with the same result calculated using given expressions.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__nafe9395671b3433e848938a222389f4e"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__acbc2550187744ed5b5eacb37125dd4e7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706113232">DISTINCT ON</strong> expression is explained with the same rule of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706113321">ORDER BY</strong>. Unless you use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b871845464113341">ORDER BY</strong> to guarantee that the required row appears first, you cannot know what the first row is.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lee69b1e6e28f40e8939038167a36e5ef"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_afc65ee9aed024d6e9cfc8e8b84422625">SELECT list</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a60e7fa93af3e41bf9ce523eb67ad2523">Indicates columns to be queried. Some or all columns (using wildcard character *) can be queried.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a9fdfc50f867044f4a67c65cfc76ac92b">You may use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b43211594165312">AS output_name</strong> clause to give an alias for an output column. The alias is used for the displaying of the output column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a2c3877bd6b6c43f69a525166685de691">Column names may be either of:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__uf97f4fe9f63a43ff949d2ffcd398838d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l6816e1203d2d486b95273184375b349d">Manually input column names which are spaced using commas (,).</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lab082d4acf1e403cb914b1ed6bf68466">Fields computed in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19775587165312">FROM</strong> clause.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l607b711a9931490793bf7b816997d3f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_aa5ddb2004bae487bb635582362b22e64">FROM</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__afa732663df46477aac8655ce9e22ec24">Indicates one or more source tables for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2156603165312">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ab9fecc1f1c7d43cf810ebe9f620f4ef5">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706113556">FROM</strong> clause can contain the following elements:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__uf77a1e37a8414a41ac8c9f3a387d0af9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lba444aaf21f240709e20d2ce11de32bf">table_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ac51eeaa1edaf411f8d65b32a38e73a29"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lba444aaf21f240709e20d2ce11de32bf"></a><a name="lba444aaf21f240709e20d2ce11de32bf"></a>Indicates the name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table or view, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4391780753578">schema_name.table_name</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__la5bcc5d9b61443fcb3dde53a4ba4a543">alias<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a70aaae1b5b934732ab63820bb1fefd01"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__la5bcc5d9b61443fcb3dde53a4ba4a543"></a><a name="la5bcc5d9b61443fcb3dde53a4ba4a543"></a>Gives a temporary alias to a table to facilitate the quotation by other queries.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a6d30a40c96f54321b9f325186fe05e1e">An alias is used for brevity or to eliminate ambiguity for self-joins. When an alias is provided, it completely hides the actual name of the table or function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb198c16bc73e4109af3cc5e8069cecd4">column_alias<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__adf10b851efcb40529f5d11b826c3777e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb198c16bc73e4109af3cc5e8069cecd4"></a><a name="lb198c16bc73e4109af3cc5e8069cecd4"></a>Specifies the column alias.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l301acc0a296b416b9f27766cdb1638d0">PARTITION<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a8f3d9a031c2a484f82b8ebf0bf1a717c"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l301acc0a296b416b9f27766cdb1638d0"></a><a name="l301acc0a296b416b9f27766cdb1638d0"></a>Queries data in the specified partition of a partitioned table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf3d2b4a346d94735bb8ae269b660f242">partition_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a13aafc9696b7422291a52fce0ee58433"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf3d2b4a346d94735bb8ae269b660f242"></a><a name="lf3d2b4a346d94735bb8ae269b660f242"></a>Specifies the name of a partition.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l8f59001109654416a92d8ea37046be7d">partition_value<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a8407a93db15240b28513f5a4a95dbdd6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l8f59001109654416a92d8ea37046be7d"></a><a name="l8f59001109654416a92d8ea37046be7d"></a>Specifies the value of the specified partition key. If there are many partition keys, use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706113958">PARTITION FOR</strong> clause to specify the value of the only partition key you want to use.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l7b7ec6ef0dfa44069c5a4ae9820ee6e7">subquery<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aeb31c88136a048db9cd0d74318763ebb"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l7b7ec6ef0dfa44069c5a4ae9820ee6e7"></a><a name="l7b7ec6ef0dfa44069c5a4ae9820ee6e7"></a>Performs a subquery in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b42365222165312">FROM</strong> clause. A temporary table is created to save subquery results.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l5ff2c1fb7ef04b21a81a661e8b568b7c">with_query_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a4bd42450d9bc4346a477d5cff86ef126"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l5ff2c1fb7ef04b21a81a661e8b568b7c"></a><a name="l5ff2c1fb7ef04b21a81a661e8b568b7c"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16154413083578">WITH</strong> clause can also be the source of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b10272986833578">FROM</strong> clause and can be referenced with the name queried by executing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3653979693578">WITH</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l92480dec8ab14deb857b66341f22168d">function_name<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a25d483f2b43040159348ac7488f98384"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l92480dec8ab14deb857b66341f22168d"></a><a name="l92480dec8ab14deb857b66341f22168d"></a>Function name. Function calls can appear in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b525676833578">FROM</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l28470074b0d84b089393ceac95e7ed06">join_type<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a648897cfe6b9423c929cf548e1f0e4b6"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l28470074b0d84b089393ceac95e7ed06"></a><a name="l28470074b0d84b089393ceac95e7ed06"></a>There are five types below:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u1266e43f205e4ce689aab94a580be4fb"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l02ee92ffd40c4fcb89d2841992057846">[ INNER ] JOIN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a12faaea30857468b838f1647d3f6692d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l02ee92ffd40c4fcb89d2841992057846"></a><a name="l02ee92ffd40c4fcb89d2841992057846"></a>A <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b23217608165312">JOIN</strong> clause combines two <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7631883165312">FROM</strong> items. Use parentheses if necessary to determine the order of nesting. In the absence of parentheses, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19044080165312">JOIN</strong> nests left-to-right.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a61cb48409a0d4ad89dd7e79eeed38f8b">In any case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b58618319165312">JOIN</strong> binds more tightly than the commas separating <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b57802828165312">FROM</strong> items.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__la0b70be9f3434b2196ed7316975486b8">LEFT [ OUTER ] JOIN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aab8ade6a5119403bb09b6ffd65c5bb2e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__la0b70be9f3434b2196ed7316975486b8"></a><a name="la0b70be9f3434b2196ed7316975486b8"></a>Returns all rows in the qualified Cartesian product (all combined rows that pass its join condition), and pluses one copy of each row in the left-hand table for which there was no right-hand row that passed the join condition. This left-hand row is extended to the full width of the joined table by inserting <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16013208165312">NULL</strong> values for the right-hand columns. Note that only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b63795582165312">JOIN</strong> clause's own condition is considered while deciding which rows have matches. Outer conditions are applied afterwards.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf35986b4c0944e8a81ed51f6810da62f">RIGHT [ OUTER ] JOIN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ae4ab254ed60041b38488da211d606d8e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf35986b4c0944e8a81ed51f6810da62f"></a><a name="lf35986b4c0944e8a81ed51f6810da62f"></a>Returns all the joined rows, plus one row for each unmatched right-hand row (extended with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19626025383578">NULL</strong> on the left).</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a7a747a7d675448288dc734ca2d6bc24d">This is just a notational convenience, since you could convert it to a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b22902184165312">LEFT OUTER JOIN</strong> by switching the left and right inputs.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l89479a80bf574dc09b925ec2af24d1f5">FULL [ OUTER ] JOIN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a10cb39850ed84684bf33feeee10d395d"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l89479a80bf574dc09b925ec2af24d1f5"></a><a name="l89479a80bf574dc09b925ec2af24d1f5"></a>Returns all the joined rows, pluses one row for each unmatched left-hand row (extended with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4585519633578">NULL</strong> on the right), and pluses one row for each unmatched right-hand row (extended with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19217978293578">NULL</strong> on the left).</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb429873957934a9d9b3ee94f4332d50c">CROSS JOIN<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a8cf78cb18cc6481ebb952d6bf366e3fa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb429873957934a9d9b3ee94f4332d50c"></a><a name="lb429873957934a9d9b3ee94f4332d50c"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b39807687165312">CROSS JOIN</strong> is equivalent to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b22724870165312">INNER JOIN ON (TRUE)</strong>, which means no rows are removed by qualification. These join types are just a notational convenience, since they do nothing you could not do with plain <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b57649824165312">FROM</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b49086369165312">WHERE</strong>.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__nf11ef7211de149748ba81920b7490453"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aac40d1b0199e42cc8aeb72c2c8ba73b8">For the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1381443612526">INNER</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5722106512526">OUTER</strong> join types, a join condition must be specified, namely exactly one of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4522754412526">NATURAL ON</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b439471212526">join_condition</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3955241112526">USING (join_column [, ...])</strong>. For <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2042738712526">CROSS JOIN</strong>, none of these clauses can appear.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a2e75b57031c34176acfcb6b6435d7167"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b27594769115811">CROSS JOIN</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b47026336115811">INNER JOIN</strong> produce a simple Cartesian product, the same result as you get from listing the two items at the top level of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b20583840115811">FROM</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l849b5f8b1c044e69b209289558768817">ON join_condition<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a20ef3ea8919b439aa87cd0dc7571a357"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l849b5f8b1c044e69b209289558768817"></a><a name="l849b5f8b1c044e69b209289558768817"></a>A join condition to define which rows have matches in joins. Example: ON left_table.a = right_table.a</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lca3e76b8f97b4ee8b6e7f8471276d349">USING(join_column[, ...])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a4f2f19f17b1545c69c77dbe8bc857bfa"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lca3e76b8f97b4ee8b6e7f8471276d349"></a><a name="lca3e76b8f97b4ee8b6e7f8471276d349"></a>Abbreviation of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b454153617416">ON left_table.a = right_table.a AND left_table.b = right_table.b ...</strong>. Corresponding columns must have the same name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__le3c61ca141ef45368156e04c2ed1f512">NATURAL<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a32714f6bca7745039e3f5d591fb9bcb8"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__le3c61ca141ef45368156e04c2ed1f512"></a><a name="le3c61ca141ef45368156e04c2ed1f512"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b28329483165312">NATURAL</strong> is a shorthand for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b53638763165312">USING</strong> list that mentions all columns in the two tables that have the same names.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l0b0a4a10049b4e24b435aa649a97a6ee">from item<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ad3bbe217682e464ca0484ceff423bfda"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l0b0a4a10049b4e24b435aa649a97a6ee"></a><a name="l0b0a4a10049b4e24b435aa649a97a6ee"></a>Specifies the name of the query source object connected.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l5ed04461b9cc46e2b13af8b5fe03163d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_ab092ae6f80ed44c2a1d825c9e1c4711c">WHERE clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a498e069f7dab465c92a49a0bf8f3b97e">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b216579661871">WHERE</strong> clause forms an expression for row selection to narrow down the query range of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b607039731871">SELECT</strong>. The condition is any expression that evaluates to a result of Boolean type. Rows that do not satisfy this condition will be eliminated from the output.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p451911248217">In the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7772747133">WHERE</strong> clause, you can use the operator (+) to convert a table join to an outer join. However, this method is not recommended because it is not the standard SQL syntax and may raise syntax compatibility issues during platform migration. There are many restrictions on using the operator (+):</p>
+<ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ol747718983910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li18477899391">It can appear only in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1143182342112">WHERE</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li1778175219393">If a table join has been specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1714938192118">FROM</strong> clause, the operator (+) cannot be used in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b168013598226">WHERE</strong> clause.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li4171204654016">The operator (+) can work only on columns of tables or views, instead of on expressions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li7843161720419">If table A and table B have multiple join conditions, the operator (+) must be specified in all the conditions. Otherwise, the operator (+) will not take effect, and the table join will be converted into an inner join without any prompt information.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li67091645184214">Tables specified in a join condition where the operator (+) works cannot cross queries or subqueries. If tables where the operator (+) works are not in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b124881126361">FROM</strong> clause of the current query or subquery, an error will be reported. If a peer table for the operator (+) does not exist, no error will be reported and the table join will be converted into an inner join.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li956851994516">Expressions where the operator (+) is used cannot be directly connected through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3455192410396">OR</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li877821795115">If a column where the operator (+) works is compared with a constant, the expression becomes a part of the join condition.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li181271736185611">A table cannot have multiple foreign tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li11775290617">The operator (+) can appear only in the following expressions: comparison, NOT, ANY, ALL, IN, NULLIF, IS DISTINCT FROM, and IS OF expressions. It is not allowed in other types of expressions. In addition, these expressions cannot be connected through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b10206144812457">AND</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b15275155020451">OR</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li19826194173715">The operator (+) can be used to convert a table join only to a left or right outer join, instead of a full join. That is, the operator (+) cannot be specified on both tables of an expression.</li></ol>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__n5f43b179d9f34149be464fce8b2aeb4d"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a98287df108344eec9cc182844588b8f7">For the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2774261871">WHERE</strong> clause, if a special character % _ or \ is queried in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b24968381871">LIKE</strong>, add the slash (\) before each character.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p71979157395">Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen4959103213394"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span>
+<span class="normal">15</span>
+<span class="normal">16</span>
+<span class="normal">17</span>
+<span class="normal">18</span>
+<span class="normal">19</span>
+<span class="normal">20</span>
+<span class="normal">21</span>
+<span class="normal">22</span>
+<span class="normal">23</span>
+<span class="normal">24</span>
+<span class="normal">25</span>
+<span class="normal">26</span>
+<span class="normal">27</span>
+<span class="normal">28</span>
+<span class="normal">29</span>
+<span class="normal">30</span>
+<span class="normal">31</span>
+<span class="normal">32</span>
+<span class="normal">33</span>
+<span class="normal">34</span>
+<span class="normal">35</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">NOTICE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">default</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">Please</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'DISTRIBUTE BY'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specify</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">suitable</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">distribution</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Jack say ''hello'''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Rose do 50%'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Lilei say ''world'''</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Hanmei do 100%'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Lilei</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'world'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hanmei</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%''he%'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+------------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Jack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'%50\%%'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">content</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+-------------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rose</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">drop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tt01</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lc201eba7112e4143be75887a2428c2df"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_a5526005a5a2944b2a66ac916b8c6fc84">GROUP BY clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__af081e98783fa4cfd80bb7b1c5436eca0">Condenses query results into a single row or selected rows that share the same values for the grouped expressions.</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__uffe4b3f7648d4d40b3b13a82f4228050"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb1941f0ce24e41dc96926663736e9231">CUBE ( { expression | ( expression [, ...] ) } [, ...] )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a79b2f0b3c7ae4daca07f80844e0443bf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lb1941f0ce24e41dc96926663736e9231"></a><a name="lb1941f0ce24e41dc96926663736e9231"></a>A CUBE grouping is an extension to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17232114815141">GROUP BY</strong> clause that creates subtotals for all of the possible combinations of the given list of grouping columns (or expressions). In terms of multidimensional analysis, CUBE generates all the subtotals that could be calculated for a data cube with the specified dimensions. For example, given three expressions (n=3) in the CUBE clause, the operation results in 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_sup5904338911212">n</sup> = 2<sup id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_sup37925156112058">3</sup> = 8 groupings. Rows grouped on the values of <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i73561029173711">n</em> expressions are called regular rows, and the rest are called superaggregate rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf3d7ad4f0cbb481b887dfd5957a41994">GROUPING SETS ( grouping_element [, ...] )<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a2502faedd2174d0694d555436e320e8a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lf3d7ad4f0cbb481b887dfd5957a41994"></a><a name="lf3d7ad4f0cbb481b887dfd5957a41994"></a><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706203446">GROUPING SETS</strong> is another extension to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1354124455915">GROUP BY</strong> clause. It allows users to specify multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9871185615914">GROUP BY</strong> clauses. This improves efficiency by trimming away unnecessary data. After you specify the set of groups that you want to create using a GROUPING SETS expression within a GROUP BY clause, the database does not need to compute a whole ROLLUP or CUBE.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__n4e350790c6e748f3bfc9e6550504f556"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a6d72dd156ee54a3c92f5e09580019e07">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b6619226165312">SELECT</strong> list expression quotes some ungrouped fields and no aggregate function is used, an error is displayed. This is because multiple values may be returned for ungrouped fields.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l9e92a079e696408fba467918a3f7f69e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_en-us_topic_0058966196_b569525192310">HAVING clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a4ae31529bb8341eaa4e4a1efc0881ac4">Selects special groups by working with the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b895988165312">GROUP BY</strong> clause. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5496675773578">HAVING</strong> clause compares some attributes of groups with a constant. Only groups that matching the logical expression in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8196882033578">HAVING</strong> clause are extracted.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l2e56de0337984841967f965015cd10c9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_adf16ecb2293a4e648cdce1e15b691185">WINDOW clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a538d2e555863408dbb9b1ec97b1b6b36">The general format is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b6473540253578">WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...]</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b11662192573578">window_name</strong> is a name can be referenced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5542145643578">window_definition</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b15833416493578">window_definition</strong> can be expressed in the following forms:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__abffb812844ee490da30385c3cc3b94ba">[ existing_window_name ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a136cd8fbca5043d4b9e320b3077b840a">[ PARTITION BY expression [, ...] ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a848a505df0664f7fb8596d3636ff1ade">[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a2800a9ca19d54d01831fda476e194dea">[ frame_clause ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a1a5a0905d70e43908000cf1996758ec5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b27637993165312">frame_clause</strong> defines a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b47415349165312">window frame</strong> for the window function. The window function (not all window functions) depends on <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7915796122110">window frame</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b24084964165312">window frame</strong> is a set of relevant rows of the current query row. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19385532383578">frame_clause</strong> can be expressed in the following forms:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a4bff43dadbc046f9a52856dbf3b2eb96">[ RANGE | ROWS ] frame_start</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a6ef4cf011b0c49af878fd9c8a041239a">[ RANGE | ROWS ] BETWEEN frame_start AND frame_end</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__abf63ceafb38045eaaf8a0306ef3f64f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17184154063578">frame_start</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b10550725323578">frame_end</strong> can be expressed in the following forms:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aa1f6425c00c543c6842f57e0d0f01059">UNBOUNDED PRECEDING</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ad6ae63a081ca495daa1a679b4e08bd80">value PRECEDING (not supported for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8664408516">RANGE</strong>)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a20a8f775f1b2432cb447ffa78e672bdb">CURRENT ROW</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ad91b75f7e6be4e1ca063b1b955524672">value FOLLOWING (not supported for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1703173953">RANGE</strong>)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a9124a6c116944e00ad00eed4248696e5">UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ne298ee054e1a45418235fcfeda095ea2"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ab7513bf9ea7646009ede6a92bb8b8c6a">For the query of column storage table, only <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270613531">row_number</strong> window function is supported, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706135326">frame_clause</strong> is not supported.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l8fb153a4047e47bda6729017c7dc9062"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_a8de7d398c0474e199d83693f7210e221">UNION clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a38ff648ca4fd465c830b579bf0e5e869">Computes the set union of the rows returned by the involved <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b22920815165312">SELECT</strong> statements.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__acec5bbc60aa74f57bd2477e87750627b">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b59613405165312">UNION</strong> clause has the following constraints:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u2c4451bdebda4f3ea834add8f434a1f9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l9d8766440527429fa5a3b01d2871c951">By default, the result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b50740860165312">UNION</strong> does not contain any duplicate rows unless the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b54014562165312">ALL</strong> option is specified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l420e6a20da264762bbb4d70ebf6bbe4a">Multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b54744398165312">UNION</strong> operators in the same <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b22937534165312">SELECT</strong> statement are evaluated left to right, unless otherwise specified by parentheses.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l5fb82b799a754db2b99eb8dedfa98e08"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16312290213578">FOR UPDATE</strong> cannot be specified either for a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b47394474165312">UNION</strong> result or for any input of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9725752023578">UNION</strong>.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a20ea8dc0eaa14a4a8d9b02b7d945aea9">General expression:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a88c50b7a8af94acf8bd3b36f2216083f">select_statement UNION [ALL] select_statement</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u2e7bb49e3a5147619690a2cd6bfcc743"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l608d6dbbef774e8096497e65b8affff8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b18354439933578">select_statement</strong> can be any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b55452953165312">SELECT</strong> statement without an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b29314535165312">ORDER BY</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b62504228165312">LIMIT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b25667145165312">FOR UPDATE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b29677720165312">FOR SHARE</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lfbf7f8d3cfb24d67af33811448e6815f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b32706776165312">ORDER BY</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b25925531165312">LIMIT</strong> in parentheses can be attached in a sub-expression.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l298d7839443c48b0ad956e4d593908ca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_a23005d3a4f4b49f088a473c8f9f515b4">INTERSECT clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ac7fad566b05941b1b96ad9cc7ae91ba0">Computes the set intersection of rows returned by the involved <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b46606525165312">SELECT</strong> statements. The result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16805541165312">INTERSECT</strong> does not contain any duplicate rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a954ddadb90fc4b769aa6f14a95b795de">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1292909165312">INTERSECT</strong> clause has the following constraints:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u706d276aa4b44925922a6bfef77f1c64"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ld94323303b1e437984123c5025dae277">Multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b42241271165312">INTERSECT</strong> operators in the same <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b44627121165312">SELECT</strong> statement are evaluated left to right, unless otherwise specified by parentheses.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l8cc6f78448cf4abf8093195991bcc67d">Processing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b23154256165312">INTERSECT</strong> preferentially when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7061714165312">UNION</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b63555430165312">INTERSECT</strong> operations are executed for results of multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b35127966165312">SELECT</strong> statements.</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ac32510f92fee4eb6a3ef0aac8419609b">General format:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a407b411f1f5c4cab8d6715633dc7fc73">select_statement INTERSECT select_statement</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a5f020d8bee344b7d94b15cde20558b07"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1096253856">select_statement</strong> can be any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b11966537518">SELECT</strong> statement without a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16960531555">FOR UPDATE</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l5dba6ea2333941f2b24f849c54a49c6e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_ae32457c88d66412cad9a4d3b14e0a6a6">EXCEPT clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a285e76f9379e4841b91653825803ff1f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b11333352473578">EXCEPT</strong> clause has the following common form:</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a23d64c23c04f4780ba4a323f17ba72f9">select_statement EXCEPT [ ALL ] select_statement</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aa6b2967670584bde999a01b01d0e708a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8423527069460">select_statement</strong> can be any <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270694620">SELECT</strong> statement without a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270694641">FOR UPDATE</strong> clause.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a8e38b06854b949399855d85fd2f9593c">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7593262413578">EXCEPT</strong> operator computes the set of rows that are in the result of the left <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9513688303578">SELECT</strong> statement but not in the result of the right one.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__acd0ded326ac340a0b5e1f81216a0bbc0">The result of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b239658141871">EXCEPT</strong> does not contain any duplicate rows unless the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b36714251165312">ALL</strong> option is specified. To execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1121383211365">ALL</strong>, a row that has <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i52135327367">m</em> duplicates in the left table and <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i1421383217365">n</em> duplicates in the right table will appear MAX(<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i1213132153618">m</em>–<em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__i17213193263615">n</em>, 0) times in the result set.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__af36e276769b34fabb85d8a059993c64d">Multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b331917671871">EXCEPT</strong> operators in the same <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b302904481871">SELECT</strong> statement are evaluated left to right, unless parentheses dictate otherwise. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17292360813578">EXCEPT</strong> binds at the same level as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4987640063578">UNION</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a19a3f01d0c584ef3b7e52a938e359e6a">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b63895034115022">FOR UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b38184398115022">FOR SHARE</strong> cannot be specified either for an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8115266115022">EXCEPT</strong> result or for any input of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5928535115022">EXCEPT</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l9cdda14d3e8a4089892b208af76c9a37"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_aea9bede2e860482a84f84a6a96526a0a">MINUS clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a3d470f5df6fc4f3c938d4c118588d7e6">Has the same function and syntax as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13072595113578">EXCEPT</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lbf7f3b7f0583465b9d202a68547bad43"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_a1d83967957074567a52a5c04221139b8">ORDER BY</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a9200c4be10ac4662950f16ce06a338c1">Sorts data retrieved by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b38833025165312">SELECT</strong> in descending or ascending order. If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b56443493165312">ORDER BY</strong> expression contains multiple columns:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u37774813f0c24e6381f2f8989bfe96e2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l60a88c6e218445d2a44377ec0b0db8ee">If two columns are equal according to the leftmost expression, they are compared according to the next expression and so on.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l021cfdca417844e7b29088da17f7022b">If they are equal according to all specified expressions, they are returned in an implementation-dependent order.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lafbddd13e11a43c79fc9be2662da3417">Columns sorted by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b60266477165312">ORDER BY</strong> must be contained in the result set retrieved by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5527384165312">SELECT</strong>.</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ndc580003a10f43919ea55e4f32e846c2"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ul61330919141"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li28231324101616">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1779654317156">ORDER BY</strong> is not specified, the query results are returned following the generation sequence in the database system.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li16554652103917">You can add the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8451144351614">ASC</strong> (in ascending order) or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4546446151620">DESC</strong> (in descending order) next to any expression in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1027638101719">ORDER BY</strong> clause. If the keyword is not specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b10144195511171">ASC</strong> is used by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li15159650141413">To sort query results by case-insensitive Chinese pinyin, specify the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b182622059151710">UTF-8</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1526315920177">GBK</strong> encoding mode during database initialization. Run either of the following commands:<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p2790205641415"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b984861195018">initdb –E UTF8 –D ../data –locale=zh_CN.UTF-8</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3578101418504">initdb –E GBK –D ../data –locale=zh_CN.GBK</strong></p>
+</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__li1015010172315"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b169141735173110">[ { [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ] } | { LIMIT start, { count | ALL } } ]</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1915191773113">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b36752032191917">LIMIT</strong> clause consists of two independent <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b158021933192016">LIMIT</strong> clauses, an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1624645911207">OFFSET</strong> clause, and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19883181512259">LIMIT</strong> clause with multiple parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p12768441173318">LIMIT { count | ALL }</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1662510551352">OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ]</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p9461315103612">LIMIT start, { count | ALL }</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p638092713615"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b60177494165312">count</strong> in the clauses specifies the maximum number of rows to return, while <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4726534165312">start</strong> specifies the number of rows to skip before starting to return rows. When both are specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16681192912300">start</strong> rows are skipped before starting to count the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13688329113011">count</strong> rows to be returned. A multi-parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b375703663115">LIMIT</strong> clause cannot be used together with a single-parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b884151133119">LIMIT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b135318488313">OFFSET</strong> clause.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l4993c73d4cce40bf8772c4fd83fe6a74"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a96a0491d9524437cb7533718a0388bb5">FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a43bfcde4b38840d7a48db34c095a2c06">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b40135312165312">count</strong> is omitted in a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b25673492165312">FETCH</strong> clause, it defaults to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b29734844165312">1</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l51dbe86e17254af39ba682715c63d7b5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_ab96620103b244b2e89a26822674b3efa">FOR UPDATE</strong> clause<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a0536daf3bf8d4670be61179ebef8a40e">Locks rows retrieved by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b66028243165312">SELECT</strong>. This ensures that the rows cannot be modified or deleted by other transactions until the current transaction ends. That is, other transactions that attempt <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12683690223578">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b481021003578">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b18993225463578">SELECT FOR UPDATE</strong> of these rows will be blocked until the current transaction ends.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a587c31abd0c34802a44f85ecb2b86a84">To avoid waiting for the committing of other transactions, you can apply <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b786926193578">NOWAIT</strong>. Rows to which <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7923550013578">NOWAIT</strong> applies cannot be immediately locked. After <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4321899063578">SELECT FOR UPDATE NOWAIT</strong> is executed, an error is reported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ab19fceb97223463aa7e318dc9793d47e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706151324">FOR SHARE</strong> behaves similarly, except that it acquires a shared rather than exclusive lock on each retrieved row. A share lock blocks other transaction from performing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706151345">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706151350">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706151358">SELECT FOR UPDATE</strong> on these rows, but it does not prevent them from performing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270615148">SELECT FOR SHARE</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__ad36535e92d1f4a3fab225ab9a89ab1a6">If specified tables are named in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3699224612111">FOR UPDATE</strong> or FOR SHARE, then only rows coming from those tables are locked; any other tables used in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5631450112045">SELECT</strong> are simply read as usual. Otherwise, locking all tables in the command.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a66b4206fe1e242218957050eb67acfd6">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b30820312239">FOR UPDATE</strong> or FOR SHARE is applied to a view or sub-query, it affects all tables used in the view or sub-query.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__aebdb4c54a447405f8c43685284ee4672">Multiple <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3624445612246">FOR UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270694910">FOR SHARE</strong> clauses can be written if it is necessary to specify different locking behaviors for different tables.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a58834869431c42bfbf5099d85adf0189">If the same table is mentioned (or implicitly affected) by both <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b445349112045">FOR UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b84235270694924">FOR SHARE</strong> clauses, it is processed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2518847312045">FOR UPDATE</strong>. Similarly, a table is processed as <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2536967312045">NOWAIT</strong> if that is specified in any of the clauses affecting it.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__n851951f548ff40db93bc3ee369de95e5"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u1238a8ae776d412a9c46ae7b2512bd55"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l0c6e0a05ba6d46f28bf6ea9a60eeb3dc">For SQL statements containing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b123444469275">FOR UPDATE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9891194814278">FOR SHARE</strong>, their execution plans will be pushed down to DNs. If the pushdown fails, an error will be reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l741c5708285a4276a903ce44de2ca417">The query of column storage table does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8423527069502">for update/share</strong>.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lc7c71618cc724924a555960c63c1ea1e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a7e739f1a5bb34f77b10a91e78e931d89">NLS_SORT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__acc96146e48c44b609c39ffa285508eb0">Indicates a field to be ordered in a special mode. Currently, only the Chinese Pinyin order and case insensitive order are supported.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__a10a1aba78d9a45978980b449931f1f6d">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__u2fffee2a7b59424c95b9a3594e404429"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l94f9eb0fafcf4c8e8e14a7dfde4ffb97"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0058966196_b842352706152245">SCHINESE_PINYIN_M</strong>, sorted by Pinyin order. To use this sort method, specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706162537">GBK</strong> as the encoding format when you create the database. If you do not do so, this value is invalid.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__l529da51a6f0d4e10ab319158edc13f4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b842352706152248">generic_m_ci</strong>, case-insensitive order.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__lfb50ede63c2c4a7aaa7d9df19535a7f8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__en-us_topic_0059777449_a5be0bc1fbbf64c788efd07c56efb25d6">PARTITION clause</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__af9cf82d681c349ce8b20bebbf9d38f96">Queries data in the specified partition of a partitioned table.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__sd5068d2ac49f472d8ad50858ad938849"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p272814310212">Obtain the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2712335013578">temp_t</strong> temporary table by a subquery and query all records in this table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1383355618219"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">isdba</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">usesuper</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp_t</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p16727124312111">Query all the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12726630003578">r_reason_sk</strong> records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b18801965403578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text572794332116">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table and de-duplicate them.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen933512137223"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p5727643142117">Example of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12588052553578">LIMIT</strong> clause: Obtain a record from the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1913193182215"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p19727443132113">Example of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b14490119813578">LIMIT</strong> clause: Obtain the third record from the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen9527134916220"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p18743516714">Example of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b0115111213211">LIMIT</strong> clause: Obtain the first two records from a table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1569316166820"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p2727643162116">Query all records and sort them in alphabetic order.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen3173488233"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p2727184317217">Use table aliases to obtain data from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1518694083214">pg_user</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1914243123217">pg_user_status</strong> tables.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen158521323162313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">locktime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pg_user_status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usesysid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">roloid</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p14727184322118">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19750851593578">FULL JOIN</strong> clause: Join data in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1831210472322">pg_user</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b1840745016323">pg_user_status</strong> tables.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen141111643162319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">locktime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usesuper</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user_status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">usesysid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">roloid</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p87272438212">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12335456123578">GROUP BY</strong> clause: Filter data based on query conditions, and group the results.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen456115032411"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1964420918241">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17145111316810">GROUP BY</strong> clause: Group the results by alias.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1792595714243"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p47273433213">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5508064053578">GROUP BY CUBE</strong> clause: Filter data based on query conditions, and group the results.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen128391714192416"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CUBE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p15727144372111">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b21279759603578">GROUP BY GROUPING SETS</strong> clause: Filter data based on query conditions, and group the results.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen18345433102410"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETS</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p13726343122113">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b14326341503578">UNION</strong> clause: Merge the names started with W and N in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5554196063578">r_reason_desc</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5128502653578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text972634315218">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1199005713246"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'W%'</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'N%'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen17531019112514"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stu_pinyin_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NLSSORT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_PINYIN_M'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p4726174332114">Case-insensitive order:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen288993332513"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stu_icase_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bigint</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DISTRIBUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">REPLICATION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stu_icase_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'aaaa'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AAAA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stu_icase_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NLSSORT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'NLS_SORT = generic_m_ci'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----+------</span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aaaa</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p272674392110">Create the table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13062719333578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text3650725373578">tpcds.</span>reason_p</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen3118545251"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RANGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P_05_BEFORE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">less</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">05</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P_15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">less</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P_25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">less</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P_35</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">less</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P_45_AFTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">less</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">MAXVALUE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p6726164310211">Insert data.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen17792217266"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 1'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 2'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 3'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 4'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 5'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 6'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'reason 7'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p0725943142112">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13490566083578">PARTITION</strong> clause: Obtain data from the P_05_BEFORE partition in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4465675093578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text97251943122119">tpcds.</span>reason_p</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1759695332615"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">P_05_BEFORE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">                   </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+------------------+------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p17259438218">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b8552637073578">GROUP BY</strong> clause: Group records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12735781323578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text13725543172120">tpcds.</span>reason_p</strong> table by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b12499745593578">r_reason_id</strong>, and count the number of records in each group.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen438214168273"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p17725124310211">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b18813273223578">GROUP BY CUBE</strong> clause: Filter data based on query conditions, and group the results.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen72605332273"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">CUBE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p57256436212">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5183995483578">GROUP BY GROUPING SETS</strong> clause: Filter data based on query conditions, and group the results.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen18521144652714"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">GROUPING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SETS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p77251843112110">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b11928418073578">HAVING</strong> clause: Group records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9690846283578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text37259434215">tpcds.</span>reason_p</strong> table by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b5471461023578">r_reason_id</strong>, count the number of records in each group, and display only values whose number of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7650990083578">r_reason_id</strong> is greater than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2106579933578">2</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen2096312962817"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">---+------------------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p117256430213">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b3072978853578">IN</strong> clause: Group records in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7339067693578"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__text17725343112111">tpcds.</span>reason_p</strong> table by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19053706523578">r_reason_id</strong>, count the number of records in each group, and display only the numbers of records whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16886078453578">r_reason_id</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b9980835033578">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2511683793578">AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen4691182813283"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span>
+<span class="c1">-------+------------------</span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p47249432219">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17170950703578">INTERSECT</strong> clause: Query records whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b4580833783578">r_reason_id</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16056596583578">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</strong> and whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13940226523578">r_reason_sk</strong> is smaller than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b19416484423578">5</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen846412454287"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTERSECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">     </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">                 </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+------------------+------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w">                           </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">                           </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1172418432211">Example of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b6289770983578">EXCEPT</strong> clause: Query records whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13952881433578">r_reason_id</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7576871173578">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</strong> and whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b7390679533578">r_reason_sk</strong> is greater than or equal to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b16494354633578">4</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen71661822296"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCEPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w">                  </span>
+<span class="c1">-------------+------------------+------------------------------------</span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="w">           </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w">                          </span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1972434314216">Specify the operator (+) in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b18429625443578">WHERE</strong> clause to indicate a left join.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen106014162298"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+---------------</span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="mi">18000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1472484318213">Specify the operator (+) in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b2782544463578">WHERE</strong> clause to indicate a right join.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen11687330132917"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+------------------</span>
+<span class="w">            </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AAAAAAAAJNGEBAAA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1072414312116">Specify the operator (+) in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b21380770333578">WHERE</strong> clause to indicate a left join and add a join condition.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen7962125720296"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">------------+---------------</span>
+<span class="w">          </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p472354332112">If the operator (+) is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13367617843578">WHERE</strong> clause, do not use expressions connected through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b20455493503578">AND</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b17634158763578">OR</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen668915418306"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(+)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nesting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">LINE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">tomer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">                                                             </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p167231543182118">If the operator (+) is specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b10978151273578">WHERE</strong> clause which does not support expression macros, an error will be reported.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen1446117561305"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">))::</span><span class="n">bool</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(+)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">only</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">common</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__p1672324316214">If the operator (+) is specified on both sides of an expression in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__b13073016973578">WHERE</strong> clause, an error will be reported.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__screen419011219315"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_item_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">store_returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sr_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_customer_sk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">Operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(+)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">more</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">than</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">HINT</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="ss">&quot;t1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;t2&quot;</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="k">are</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">specified</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;(+)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0276.html">DQL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SELECT INTO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__s383c7b2749704fb0a89dd5bc5d4c96e7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__p45701942134918"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191111">SELECT INTO</strong> defines a new table based on a query result and insert data obtained by query to the new table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__a7c47f9514553454db0e748708d72b5c8">Different from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191222">SELECT</strong>, data found by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191242">SELECT INTO</strong> is not returned to the client. The table columns have the same names and data types as the output columns of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706164615">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__s7cec285d7bc648919a6c1d7803bd3511"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__afc5833b1183845f0ba3f936d976971a4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b84235270619147">CREATE TABLE AS</strong> provides functions similar to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191426">SELECT INTO</strong> in functions and provides a superset of functions provided by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191622">SELECT INTO</strong>. You are advised to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191442">CREATE TABLE AS</strong>, because <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b84235270619153">SELECT INTO</strong> cannot be used in a stored procedure.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__sc9e6f2f9a6e748cabedc365e1db6fa4e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__sbb5c21f891894ad5be64506664cf584f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RECURSIVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">with_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UNLOGGED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_table</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINDOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">window_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window_definition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTERSECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXCEPT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MINUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nlssort_expression_clause</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULLS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SHARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NOWAIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__s343862a6800e4310a7ab7c5190923ea4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__ac5cb974d8db6496583c4773a94d4c1d2"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__aece26e9e0f1d475abeea2efe0f167293">INTO [ UNLOGGED ] [ TABLE ] new_table</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__a2f03c18031b7472ea2aaa44206fbe59a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b842352706191330">UNLOGGED</strong> indicates that the table is created as an unlogged table. Data written to unlogged tables is not written to the write-ahead log, which makes them considerably faster than ordinary tables. However, they are not crash-safe: an unlogged table is automatically truncated after a crash or unclean shutdown. The contents of an unlogged table are also not replicated to standby servers. Any indexes created on an unlogged table are automatically unlogged as well.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__a09d050b20b3b4dc5a9b836ae51f246ba"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b1365519183519">new_table</strong> specifies the name of a new table, which can be schema-qualified.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__na76072f5901741579d0f6c7b352fc422"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__a3e6635a60d42444895d624f9f56a4e53">For details about other <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__en-us_topic_0085032994_en-us_topic_0058965571_b84235270619857">SELECT INTO</strong> parameters, see <a href="dws_06_0238.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990922__s3d562432879c4244bcdbfdf9f30bcc5e">Parameter Description</a> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__en-us_topic_0085032994_en-us_topic_0058965571_b8423527061996">SELECT</strong>.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__s3db56d6cd93e46dbbc659e2b38c664c8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Example</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__p162301031113213">Add values that are less than 5 in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b88386550635913">r_reason_sk</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b211499521035913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__text82306318327">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table to the new table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__screen641793883211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__p1323053133220">Delete the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__b25567248735913"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__text15229153103210">tpcds.</span>reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__screen11712175117329"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__s329cf066e8fe4d75b8e79ecb03a674b4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710831__ad0adb2cbb5b1452fa705eec4917a7cf3"><a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0276.html">DQL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">UPDATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__s1a2f5c9584124c2787f5f4408f5ccb66"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a986e0b6f64344456a86b5b4a6a379400"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b9786101010213">UPDATE</strong> updates data in a table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202423">UPDATE</strong> changes the values of the specified columns in all rows that satisfy the condition. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706182511">WHERE</strong> clause clarifies conditions. The columns to be modified need be mentioned in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202429">SET</strong> clause; columns not explicitly modified retain their previous values.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__sdfe63777894c4e01bab369b693dbdacb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__uaee80a6a1bf742568230ddf9ad6e49c2"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__lac3c30c84b534f98a4214a06a68e8924">You must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b9851312145311">UPDATE</strong> permission on a table to be updated.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l09d3602cd59948cea00708fc70fa4bc4">You must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b59758784145311">SELECT</strong> permission on all tables involved in the expressions or conditions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l43dc8ebcd2aa4e4892bad670b742c525">The distribution column of a table cannot be modified.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l227c40ae71a3403fa449ae13ef91d32b">For column-store tables, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__en-us_topic_0058966033_b842352706173053">RETURNING</strong> clause is currently not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__le52a0eb9737a408a99ebba16cf4dc21b">Column-store tables do not support non-deterministic update. If you update data in one row with multiple rows of data in a column-store table, an error is reported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l087d5d3bbb404eb488ede8cba7c5032d">Memory space that records update operations in column-store tables is not reclaimed. You need to clean it by executing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202224">VACUUM FULL table_name</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__li035016471110">Currently, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b112361717372">UPDATE</strong> cannot be used in column-store replication tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__li118521514115">You are not advised to create a table that needs to be frequently updated as a replication table.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__li1293161751418">Column-store tables support lightweight <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b532516150409">UPDATE</strong> operations. Lightweight <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b7508105334013">UPDATE</strong> operations only rewrite the updated columns to reduce space usage. Lightweight <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b0915154015619">UPDATE</strong> for column-store tables is controlled by GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b17244937131011">enable_light_colupdate</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__li133789052616">Column-store lightweight <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b0643517121411">UPDATE</strong> is unavailable and automatically changes to the regular <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b117448561159">UPDATE</strong> operation in the following scenarios: updating an index column, updating a primary key column, updating a partition column, updating a PCK column, and online scaling.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__sb1017ffcd4054832899a482a7e034a0c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__se715fd136ee048869801d7c99ba12c48"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span>
+<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">alias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">sub_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_list</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RETURNING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">                </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">output_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+
+<span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sub_query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">output_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">from_item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grouping_element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__s67fecbc83a47497e8a4ce29413971b2f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__u1a5670de55274e72af6a556e7d08e2cf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__lcdad2d9b3f9a4d04a7ec90f15d6ba8f1"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__afd3debcb3d2a4d80b4e37752462962f6">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a5f22c01e47794479bef5b0eeddcf991d">Name (optionally schema-qualified) of the table to be updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__abc1f6bff7ca8467e8dd3bbb410fbc3b0">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l9d81378151c840608c7f91620059e663"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a870e440c9dbc4c2b8d332416c636b5b7">alias</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a849db2fd073941289d905ecac08ab8ac">Specifies the alias for the target table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a4047bf2bb850400982359fec570c4f9b">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l5ccf116ab72a48ecb86ddf1a860dff6c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a57d4ea2cbe1c43dc8924e636411e8f04">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a335cd08518224e18a82edb2e60652a04">Renames a column.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p5785204161917">You can refer to this column by specifying the table name and column name of the target table. Example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen16881455123212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">col_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GaussDB'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__ab1c6da4da31f4ee1a1864a526ba61468">You can refer to this column by specifying the target table alias and the column name. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen205058113310"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">col_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GaussDB'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__aed1d342e836f44a0a286542a40e7c9bb">Value range: an existing column name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l4db40ebeace24f2cb70e85120c655c52"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a2c53ba7740e64fd092bd40c847a98990">expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__ae5a2f1ff674f49d8b7580e7ee1ff402f">An expression or value to assign to the column.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l0f2f1af228be4dacbb8a025911ae07c0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a4e6d59a99d144da7ad466add88928200">DEFAULT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a34c0dcfbb1ff47d78823499714a7ee74">Sets the column to its default value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__ad63c42c579374304bfcbc50a12730acf">The value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b4871682812018">NULL</strong> if no specified default value has been assigned to it.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__lb9e73cc187ef4cb6b38a53f8d1b489f5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a363818727d8347049f82a47f0bb6ba6d">sub_query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a8a25df2d564c4696b9f6fc2827ef00c9">Specifies a subquery.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a297880e0a1834e6a8e168b7f406b758d">This command can be executed to update a table with information for other tables in the same database. For details about clauses in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b9830037142810">SELECT</strong> statement, see <a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l5f64009f66594eec8d3f71dcc2ecba45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a8b8c331618d740b2ba581bf6e3710474">from_list</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__ad94597688fa44e88b2e880934b744bcb">A list of table expressions, allowing columns from other tables to appear in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202814">WHERE</strong> condition and the update expressions. This is similar to the list of tables that can be specified in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b5816462712018">FROM</strong> clause of a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b5371960212018">SELECT</strong> statement.</p>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__n951a3aaaf9ea4965971145ac8008132e"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a5593275208aa489d86c67c22e1936e92">Note that the target table must not appear in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202919">from_list</strong>, unless you intend a self-join (in which case it must appear with an alias in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202926">from_list</strong>).</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l248f693e1e66469daee4bbd9f4dfb60a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__ae847319e57bd457cb07c242bd889b52c">condition</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__afde6a4043e2f4bfbb283e05df496d4a7">An expression that returns a value of type <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706202756"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__text82091522142419">boolean</span></strong>. Only rows for which this expression returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b6600162562412">true</strong> are updated.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__le527c960b1b7463f8aa4e7fa516cb543"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a9d3699f1dac54c3383d46190f63eee40">output_expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__abc1aa70972a94d6593cc5af155fdfcd7">An expression to be computed and returned by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706203022">UPDATE</strong> command after each row is updated.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a783627a3e86d4fa989873ab04ac92eea">Value range: The expression can use any column names of the table named by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706203054">table_name</strong> or table(s) listed in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b842352706203059">FROM</strong>. Write * to return all columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__l50900bdd5e6243a38e871cd65d3065cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a3e10a0b55c244aea8b5e1ec85ac4207b">output_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__a278e5c0e25384003a850a285204b0a83">A name to use for a returned column.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__section9259134418353"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p11771119191717">Update the values of all records.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen1230497151819"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p194143512615">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b7612869305">WHERE</strong> clause is not included, all <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b461211618303">r_reason_sk</strong> values are updated.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen933181985512"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p7414125152615">Redefine <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b1985017813010">r_reason_sk</strong> whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b8850188113019">r_reason_desc</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b168519811305">reason2</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b18851683308">reason</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen157501249419"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'reason2'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p1141412510263">Redefine <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b6763910113016">r_reason_sk</strong> whose value is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b5763141043011">2</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b8763131010300">reason</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen1961932212813"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p16414259269">Redefine the course IDs whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b17556121214304">r_reason_sk</strong> is greater than 2 in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b4556191243018">reason</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen20151104372311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__p64141654260">You can run an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b124754143305">UPDATE</strong> statement to update multiple columns by specifying multiple values in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__b9475111413305">SET</strong> clause. For example:</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671162__screen204238504232"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'reason5'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'fourth'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">VALUES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__s8a52d40725144198ada1765a7d77349b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a03337383c71f4713ac12231e137c94f4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195654">VALUES</strong> computes a row or a set of rows based on given values. It is most commonly used to generate a constant table within a large command.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__s5e0733eb70cb476a8c11592e5d885a07"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__u4e21326f2fcb4dd3ae59dbe4b8df075a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l9dff0d091508451696b70c67d6317946"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b84235270619581">VALUES</strong> lists with large numbers of rows should be avoided, as you might encounter out-of-memory failures or poor performance. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195811">VALUES</strong> appearing within <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195812">INSERT</strong> is a special case, because the desired column types are known from the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195820">INSERT</strong>'s target table, and need not be inferred by scanning the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195842">VALUES</strong> list. In this case, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195853">VALUE</strong> can handle larger lists than are practical in other contexts.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l0a3d8db99a8d4d4abaf0c70b9718318f">If more than one row is specified, all the rows must have the same number of elements. </li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__s3feb988c9efa4722acca39124894b1a0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__s78217a5ec61940aeb9dbb947b71d8527"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort_expression</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ASC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DESC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">start</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROWS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__sd4ddbaa525de4ce7bd3ed96da03aacd6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__u3f1a8afad43347008a4e69016a31c188"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__lc5e18ed3d6724275a4994c197d6a1901"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a65fd5db209d24a72b32b48d5c6b30bbb">expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__aaea80a293c0445ae91779e0c73904ff8">Specifies a constant or expression to compute and insert at the indicated place in the resulting table or set of rows.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a857749407f5e404ebd6fc3dee84d7723">In a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706195958">VALUES</strong> list appearing at the top level of an <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b8423527062002">INSERT</strong>, an expression can be replaced by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b8423527062004">DEFAULT</strong> to indicate that the destination column's default value should be inserted. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b84235270620013">DEFAULT</strong> cannot be used when <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b84235270620015">VALUES</strong> appears in other contexts.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l6eb8377b2715432c9601f56a40e596cc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__abbc3b9a924eb41d995590e7dcce5d4a0">sort_expression</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__aa3da33db2e51471b85f2a36e6838def9">Specifies an expression or integer constant indicating how to sort the result rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__ldc4588115ff446d395164deb1a22e493"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a9e826a649ec743ddac606684d4711bf4">ASC</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__ad8846b3315934c6a91361a01a37e322d">Indicates ascending sort order.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__la4f2d687dd5042448e0993afda6da435"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a6f3c6f9caa7d4e0d8ece65b68f040509">DESC</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__ad0e9f8898495478898b87000938e8e56">Indicates descending sort order.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l644fadf0a13840cbb256844ce64a1c8c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a3cf58006c34744758fe0078b2d12a74c">operator</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a59901a636e7c4cada0f4f7dea5df466e">Specifies a sorting operator.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l59a84e8884d04d71983d95cc6d9321ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a940d0dc7b0dd4606ba220e4ec7bd1ba0">count</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a36b750ce24a042548638e3171f97d0f2">Specifies the maximum number of rows to return.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__lad98c6a61aad4c7088b830e6cee1bec7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b0801842101613">start</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__af04e3a990e634474b41e4f8b5fc16072">Specifies the number of rows to skip before starting to return rows.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__l3d69bc95d0b0467babcf5922e12fb891"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__a96d32dcfea594c9997dd727ad7ce2186">FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__ad973ab9a8976439aa9c4f966f6f7df65">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b842352706103641">FETCH</strong> clause restricts the total number of rows starting from the first row of the return query result, and the default value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b1170155743102917">count</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__b113796364102917">1</strong>. </p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__sde46524504b447d1b543dae6cb4e2462"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p17803165715383">Create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b27927813232059">reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen729664514194"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w">               </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">           </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TABLE_NA</span><span class="w">          </span><span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p145562617431">Insert a record into a table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen7455132616438"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_NA</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p1045511268437">Insert a record into a table. This command is equivalent to the last one.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen7455172664316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p545522644319">Insert records whose <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b55230764532059">TABLE_SK</strong> is less than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b103589801032059">1</strong> into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen145642616436"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p13455182614310">Insert records into the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen476925612426"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentA'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'T01'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TeacherA'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'T02'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'TeacherB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+----------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">S01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">StudentA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">T01</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">TeacherA</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">T02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">TeacherB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p2457112619433">Clear existing data in the table and insert data to the table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen64571826144313"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OVERWRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'S02'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'StudentB'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_SK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLE_ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">----------+----------+------------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">      </span><span class="n">S02</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="n">StudentB</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p10540939131519">Insert data back into the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b1661084712419">reason_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen25401839111512">INSERT INTO reason_t1 SELECT * FROM reason_t1;</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p105400395154">Specify default values for independent columns.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen85406392157">INSERT INTO reason_t1 VALUES (5, 'S03', DEFAULT);</pre>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_p10540103917153">Insert some data in a table to another table: Use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b165161854142012">WITH</strong> subquery to obtain a temporary table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b751735462012">temp_t</strong>, and then insert all data in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b851795442016">temp_t</strong> to another table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_b151745402011">reason_t1</strong>.</p>
+<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990858__en-us_topic_0000001098990904_screen954014398155">WITH temp_t AS (SELECT * FROM reason_t1) INSERT INTO reason_t1 SELECT * FROM temp_t ORDER BY 1;</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0242.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0242.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fd1ba5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0242.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710585"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710585"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">DCL Syntax</h1>
+
+  <div id="body1602570830786"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710585__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0243.html">DCL Syntax Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0244.html">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0245.html">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0246.html">DEALLOCATE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0247.html">DO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0248.html">EXECUTE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0249.html">EXECUTE DIRECT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0251.html">PREPARE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0252.html">REASSIGN OWNED</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0253.html">REVOKE</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0243.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0243.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b56f3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0243.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DCL Syntax Overview</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__a684dd1d99002488f882d1f809567b74f">Data control language (DCL) is used to set or modify database users or role rights.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__s41b60111ed064e0182d53882cd4b518d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Authorization</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__acf8ba83d7c404eec82b54fcfc6737028"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__text286589839">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a statement for granting rights to data objects and roles. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__s59489a10826b4fd0981f4474fd294785"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Revoking Rights</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__a83736e8359094b8b98cef30802829262"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__text675031883">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a statement for revoking rights. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0253.html">REVOKE</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__sd5ecc04f56044d74b6d023b77a1f4df0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting Default Rights</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__acffb5895e5634e3b852f93cb196e7ca4"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910975__text419924074">GaussDB(DWS)</span> allows users to set rights for objects that will be created. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0244.html">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0244.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0244.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6fd99c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0244.html
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s675f4b61cd104e3cae342a86edcdbeed"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__p275634314206"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b12329341142217">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</strong> allows you to set the permissions that will be used for objects to be created. It does not affect permissions assigned to existing objects.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a0b1300208cc94e6caa9d35bfea4dfff7">To isolate permissions, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b1443195120317">WITH GRANT OPTION</strong> syntax is disabled in the current <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__text1331969094">GaussDB(DWS)</span> version.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__p1185225452715">A user can modify only the default permissions of the objects created by the user or the role to which the user belongs. These permissions can be set globally (that is, all objects created in the database) or for objects in a specified schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__p187916280715">To view information about the default permissions of database users, query the system catalog .</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s1e891edffc484ae2a37421f8e62871f1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a119e9dec161544d9a74349d28d91d03e">Only the permissions for tables (including views), sequences, functions, and types (including domains) can be altered.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s6764a6ecdfb248df942cf4576f882072"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s846bb18d883f4f048531a750c0683ee0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ROLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target_role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">abbreviated_grant_or_revoke</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ul847984018506"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li1747912402509"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b4130605995933">abbreviated_grant_or_revoke</strong> grants or revokes permissions on certain objects.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s98eac4b11cc8403488d023a6bcbd9cee"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">grant_on_tables_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grant_on_functions_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grant_on_types_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">grant_on_sequences_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">revoke_on_tables_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">revoke_on_functions_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">revoke_on_types_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">revoke_on_sequences_clause</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ua896d1aa6c35438ba704c4f41392989f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__lf587b087af794fd2ac9373b25ed070fa"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b842352706204028">grant_on_tables_clause</strong> grants permissions on tables.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s1fd9609ac294492eaff3c45a8ea56455"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__le0cc32b0f43c47359778f746e0bef3fe"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b2024036310025">grant_on_functions_clause</strong> grants permissions on functions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__sf3c4290016274702a15b657994a23787"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ldda575f6244a48df9a9e0da13a8e6b4a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b5838391310025">grant_on_types_clause</strong> grants permissions on types.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s70e1172a6a2140eea156979ed52fbfd0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TYPES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li0405114218539"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b91869209480">grant_on_sequences_clause</strong> grants permissions on sequences.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen16405842105311"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l6490857d1092422d99fd4f497ee97384"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b1485324610025">revoke_on_tables_clause</strong> revokes permissions on tables.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s655f7a9edd2a41539f33ca3ebab430c5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l7870d2fce8734951ad6b90cf43407142"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b1123814610025">revoke_on_functions_clause</strong> revokes permissions on functions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__sf4bd115101a74168a893c9b26df0a74d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l718aef6df5ae49759b939feb62222d45"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b532711810025">revoke_on_types_clause</strong> revokes permissions on types.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__s0e64b002fad54bacb57228bd36d46a9d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TYPES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li73741713195317"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b157773754815">revoke_on_sequences_clause</strong> revokes permissions on sequences.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen47901651105318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCES</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONSTRAINTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__sc9d9be895794402fbd0c4e79a1d61f98"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__u5961c4ee80d54bc69b3fda9f800c601d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l5104e28b3785444aaf3781391296a9bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a60c451d60b224eb8b15aea117bc4ac21">target_role</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ad2b0dacf92fa4f2d9331f592f892c027">Specifies the name of an existing role. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b5595644114033">FOR ROLE/USER</strong> is omitted, the current role or user is assumed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__p12756715102414"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b127423031332127">target_role</strong> must have the CREATE permissions for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b38503607732127">schema_name</strong>. You can use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b72394945132127">has_schema_privilege</strong> function to check whether a role or user has the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b165205741432127">CREATE</strong> permission on a schema.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen1355334341111"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rolname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_authid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">has_schema_privilege</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'CREATE'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a6fba8f792a0441f692b5dc6b28f775ba">Value range: An existing role name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l9687c0eedbf442d7a3d6bcc1d772a961"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__aae52af20336a4dbf86a3595f85b1aea9">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a6170292b2a4442d5b09e99b04c4bb4db">Specifies the name of an existing schema.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a6f95d5e42f9144bb9bb0f5598814ebeb">If a schema name is specified, the default permissions of all objects created in the schema will be modified. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b129171995232127">IN SCHEMA</strong> is omitted, global permissions will be modified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__afd43ca54a1a14419bf38f6b55cc5ceb7">Value range: An existing schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__l02735d489bfb4f5595218bb49eb01a66"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ae864088806ce40258ea543b337651695">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a9b4a8af4856c48ef8bfe12b35b1bf8af">Specifies the name of an existing role whose permissions are to be granted or revoked.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__aa73ba742b0984684a079d4c771fee605">Value range: An existing role name.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__n0a6439d91d174cc68b4cf5312355ff80"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a92ba2e5dc0884f578f503ed09479241d">If you want to delete a role that has been assigned default permissions, you must revoke the changes to the default permissions or use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b476919161463">DROP OWNED BY</strong> to get rid of the default permission entry for the role.</p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__sc3b4ec4076f14c55802cb6389c07c430"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ul154230398466"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li1842313924615">Grant the SELECT permission on all the tables (and views) in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b15185074434141">tpcds</strong> to every user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen19534453124211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li1642316390468">Grant the INSERT permission on all the tables in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b4206971524141">tpcds</strong> to the user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b576315154141">jack</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen1955012854110"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jack</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li44241139104615">Revoke the preceding permissions.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen1720572724212"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jack</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li51181410495">Assume that there are two users <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b16578274764141">test1</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b17543193474141">test2</strong>. If you require that user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b12625546834141">test2</strong> can query tables created by user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b19869765844141">test1</strong>, execute the following statements.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__ul3674142319518"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li17950317115111">Grant user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b7069998364141">test2</strong> the schema permission of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b9662382174141">test1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen126291329194917"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">grant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">usage</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li1483210541514">Grant user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b4404589404141">test2</strong> the table query permission of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b3050955654141">test1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen53201390528"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ALTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li1349841125314">Create a table as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b18208813804141">test1</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen175816165412"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password1}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__li7590613135416">Run the following statement as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__b4243151394141">test2</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__screen1315328105418"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'{password2}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">test3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="c1">---+---</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__sfa551b212e794c67ab216e249e230617"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910935__a18df40e242c94cf9a0b85f896da6231d"><a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a>, <a href="dws_06_0253.html">REVOKE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s8b098f6c57504fb5858e11c155dedc28"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a7c96fa2fb86143cba87494177f72c6fb"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b141416128157">ANALYZE</strong> collects statistics about ordinary tables in a database, and stores the results in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b641981261514">PG_STATISTIC</strong> system catalog. The execution plan generator uses these statistics to determine which one is the most effective execution plan.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a1ee19261d333478e8389957a3cdb7d70">If no parameters are specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b139281521181515">ANALYZE</strong> analyzes each table and partitioned table in the current database. You can also specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1984330131514">table_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b2988163017154">column</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b18989133015155">partition_name</strong> to limit the analysis to a specified table, column, or partitioned table.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p131716508219">Users who can execute <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b163951213173011">ANALYZE</strong> on a specific table include the owner of the table, the owner of the database where the table resides, users who are granted the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1741412563110">ANALYZE</strong> permission on the table through <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b19301815311">GRANT</strong>, and users who have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b9934458152912">SYSADMIN</strong> attribute.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p16373539153911">To collect statistics using percentage sampling, you must have the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b138642126216">ANALYZE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1314831552112">SELECT</strong> permissions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p10544154515267"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b955463161111">ANALYZE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b854918111114">ANALYSE VERIFY</strong> are used to check whether data files of common tables (row-store and column-store tables) in a database are damaged. Currently, this function does not support HDFS tables.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s8d2691ecc53540518486f0fe0c93be18"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul132000530508"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1650510115117">Performs the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b24821948032039">ANALYZE </strong>operation on an unsharded table in an anonymous block, transaction block, function, or stored procedure. This function is supported only by 8.1.1 and later versions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li0583161516519">However, for analyzing an entire database, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b12596195832039">ANALYZE </strong>operation of each table is in different transactions. Therefore, the current version does not support the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b52470227232039">ANALYZE </strong>execution for the entire database in anonymous blocks, transaction blocks, functions, or stored procedures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li11201253135013">Statistics updates of PG_CLASS related columns cannot be rolled back.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li149311022205120">Most <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b209959333732039">ANALYZE VERIFY</strong> operations are used for abnormal scenario detection, and require a release version. Remote read is not triggered in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b191238470131">ANALYZE VERIFY</strong> scenario. Therefore, the remote read parameter does not take effect. If the system detects that the page is damaged due to an error in the key system table, the system reports an error and stops the detection.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s5cec4384333c4217862161b6285843c1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__u5420cd0084904720aa6568de56b42d84"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l08d3bb6f19114e3cb24930a5e3b931df">Collect statistics information about a table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__sd16ed83e61b1455e92b494c496618e34"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__u5c1977ee076b4568961c798b68c9822d"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l345b026a8f8446508e40ecebf5c2de80">Collect statistics about a partitioned table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s066d07197dcc4b958b3eadae40e14dda"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">patrition_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__n3ddb152d9def4aa698816e33a13e2feb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__afaccddf2f3154f3b99fc1be9c251e99d">An ordinary partitioned table supports the syntax but not the function of collecting statistics about specified partitions. Run the ANALYZE command on a specified partition. A warning message is displayed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l5d2f58a97be945a08a98554a92e48d2a">Collect statistics about a foreign table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__sfe02410e28314db3a8afc1dadff15b50"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foreign_table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul8726161213573"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li16726171265715">Collect statistics about multiple columns.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__screen1331535935911"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_1_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">column_2_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__note4869512622"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul18710436234"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li67101536231">To sample data in percentage, set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b7318510246">default_statistics_target</strong> to a negative number.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1358915441349">The statistics about a maximum of 32 columns can be collected at a time.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li858615451330">You are not allowed to collect statistics about multiple columns in system catalogs or HDFS foreign tables.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li12463817192618">Check the data files in the current database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__screen441663733211"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VERIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">FAST</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">COMPLETE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__note1167421203220"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul16167421143211"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li61671221103211">All operations on the database are supported. Because many tables are involved, you are advised to save the result in redirection mode: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b2201312101513">gsql -d database -p port -f "verify.sql"&gt; verify_warning.txt 2&gt;&amp;1</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li916812218323">HDFS tables (internal and foreign tables), temporary tables, and unlog tables are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1716832113210">Note: Only visible tables are checked. Internal table check involves foreign tables on which the internal tables depend and are not displayed or presented externally.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li43491433185814">This command can be used to process tolerant errors. The assert operation in a debug version may cause the core to fail to execute commands. Therefore, you are advised to perform this operation in a release version.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li6825132173718">If a key system table is damaged during a full database operation, an error is reported and the operation stops.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li874710291318">Check the data files of tables and indexes.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__screen1293618118414"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VERIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">FAST</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">COMPLETE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">index_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__note209367114417"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul159365116414"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li493619184120">You can perform operations on common tables and index tables, but cannot perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b19992161931915">CASCADE</strong> operations on index tables. The reason is that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b877242821919">CASCADE</strong> is used to process all index tables of the primary table. When the index table is checked separately, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b19510185113195">CASCADE</strong> is not required.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1493621124116">HDFS tables (internal and foreign tables), temporary tables, and unlog tables are not supported.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1418513151016">When the primary table is checked, the internal tables of the primary table, such as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b17170616162013">toast</strong> table and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b461192012013">cudesc</strong> table, are also checked.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li139551412554">When the system displays a message indicating that the index table is damaged, you are advised to run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b197101537152015">reindex</strong> command to recreate the index.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li2639204914316">Check the data file of the table partition.</li></ul>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__screen8232103214507"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VERIFY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">FAST</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">COMPLETE</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PARTITION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">partition_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__note112331732155012"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul1723333255016"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li18233163213507">You can detect a single partition of a table, but cannot perform the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b0799192792113">CASCADE</strong> operation on index tables.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1623314321502">HDFS tables (internal and foreign tables), temporary tables, and unlog tables are not supported.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__se1a50d2f13c64170a3c3eaed76afc87e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__u58f57b17a7514b9b96ffcc17226c09fe"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__lc33d71832aac48f2bb3cebf785daf438"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ae34707dc644d4b28b2e27df45b848dd6">VERBOSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a06936f949098489eb095f638cf1e132c">Enables the display of progress messages.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__n4672b2c65e3a4092afdbb0ac171fcfeb"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a9d0abe2cad43433790a6569185d1b041">If this parameter is specified, progress information is displayed by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b842352706214442">ANALYZE</strong> to indicate the table that is being processed, and statistics about the table are printed.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__lb2f679266bfb40a79ff07368e301de5e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a6679df15933a4026b27580ed07a4c986">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a077487c7f22940b9b8a5583cb63ceed4">Specifies the name (possibly schema-qualified) of a specific table to analyze. If omitted, all regular tables (but not foreign tables) in the current database are analyzed.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p613253554917">Currently, you can use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b89791359154210">ANALYZE</strong> to collect statistics about row-store tables, column-store tables, HDFS tables, ORC- or CARBONDATA-formatted OBS foreign tables, and foreign tables for collaborative analysis.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ae790663addd14144986db7b8185f44f5">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l5ba9943168ee4274af4bb20829a06482"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1031482519313">column_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b113151725634">column_1_name</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b13315172519310">column_2_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a4e49bf3babfe4d2f82d335e3bf4edb2d">Specifies the name of a specific column to analyze. All columns are analyzed by default.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__af5c15205dbda427c99b3e121aee10e9c">Value range: an existing column name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l5efebcde11bc492e806278819e34f6a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__aaf7b474c3f38422694b9e0700105f6c3">partition_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__aa579aa94f21f4beaa0d51f58d53ab2a3">Assumes the table is a partitioned table. You can specify <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b842352706154052">partition_name</strong> following the keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b842352706154150">PARTITION</strong> to analyze the statistics of this table. Currently the partitioned table supports the syntax of analyzing a partitioned table, but does not execute this syntax.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ac1eac511c31b403a95378e4f00206632">Value range: a partition name in a table</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__l6b053651fb4148ad8a3f200c83e7b2ad"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a0cf84e20c16c46358f026b389256f82d">foreign_table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a19d68a7b00a841229a71746aa5f97ae4">Specifies the name (possibly schema-qualified) of a specific table to analyze. The data of the table is stored in HDFS.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a17f9bf5989c54da59b05f1aa8b19f3d0">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__lebfcdad1697542b3a36820cfecf95ee9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a71002516fcc04c499dbbb3d648a3a3ef">FOREIGN TABLES</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__a790e093c79214cd78864f1ad08a36d8d">Analyzes HDFS foreign tables stored in HDFS and accessible to the current user.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li1582611110539"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b08261411145313">index_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p1082612115532">Name of the index table to be analyzed. The name may contain the schema name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p168261611175317">Value range: an existing table name</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li662712410437"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b13139182219115">FAST|COMPLETE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p962744114431">For row-store tables, the CRC and page header of row-store tables are verified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b192561948102516">FAST</strong> mode. If the verification fails, an alarm is reported. In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b99105782519">COMPLETE</strong> mode, parse and verify the pointers and tuples of row-store tables. For column-store tables, the CRC and magic of column-store tables are verified in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b15516534266">FAST</strong> mode. If the verification fails, an alarm is reported. In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b145256312268">COMPLETE</strong> mode, parse and verify CU of column-store tables.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li5629121144410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1764622511111">CASCADE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__p462961184415">In <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b2070143822720">CASCADE</strong> mode, all indexes of the current table are checked.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s3df7fbb8ed8a4559bf8f68b84e86e468"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__ul165161632467"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li195161432664">Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1752599435">ANALYZE</strong> to update statistics in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1556122118435">customer_info</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s0890112d9089450bbcf14d3c9aa96329"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__li65160323614">Do <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b2087472317438">ANALYZE VERBOSE</strong> to update statistics and display table information in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__b1565173612433">customer_info</strong> table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150716__s372ae28860b74c6bad0a6fa68d630e04"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VERBOSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_info</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">analyzing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;cstore.pg_delta_3394584009&quot;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cn_5002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">53078</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">analyzing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;public.customer_info&quot;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cn_5002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">53078</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="n">analyzing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;public.customer_info&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inheritance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cn_5002</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">53078</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0246.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0246.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DEALLOCATE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s09d0a405021c42a78c20e6b6a6e5d8e5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a0cd664b3acc74e3fae6a79d84fbb3ba3"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__b842352706172617">DEALLOCATE</strong> deallocates a previously prepared statement. If you do not explicitly deallocate a prepared statement, it is deallocated when the session ends. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a4821448918e6405f9ef1afc9777c592e">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__b842352706172520">PREPARE</strong> key word is always ignored.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s8a2772d909bd43ec8bb8fe22883e21f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a27ad44cb41e14c0994064d18c389b49c">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s3f63b9c993d640da9863f61076e0dc55"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s180ede03f81945c3aa04376411e523e7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DEALLOCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PREPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s55b0281a7ad541b5b888d146f7ce8c57"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__udbf7705fe48b4ea78ae46531aa9f63ce"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__ld7c1cde511524f2dbdb0f26992fd86e4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a323ebcebcca24572912a61313221cae1">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__aacde56fab77f459785dd87d2be262531">Specifies the name of the prepared statement to deallocate.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__l44c2997acdea4782b7a95031e715f366"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a8bced77b19d1421a9d4334fdf4af4beb">ALL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__aa798586bc64a4db09deb2aa5ef2fe305">Deallocates all prepared statements.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__s692881aab98442a1912dca37faec031b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150908__a71dc4da42ac24cb88cea2159dbcfff2e">None</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0247.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0247.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3440217a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0247.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DO</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__sf5ffe556d64f4aaab1ce14d06d385287"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__a9d1a1802527b45a2b55b8271c9b0295c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__en-us_topic_0058966288_b842352706112829">DO</strong> executes an anonymous code block.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__a2b8f9488461b4c42b5f590255aa357db">A code block is a function body without parameters that returns void. It is analyzed and executed at the same time.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__sd6fbdfd99f22417ab66fe2edf1b40d6e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__u02d75ead05114e36b38637416ef396de"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__l5a3a70a1c5a14b2c9e7be83234dd2542">Before using a programming language, install it in the current database using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__b842352706114511">CREATE LANGUAGE</strong>. If no language is specified, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__b842352706114527">plpgsql</strong> is installed by default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__l94efe709c71748958d69315bf5e4a4b9">To use an untrusted language, you must be a system administrator or have the USAGE permission for programming languages.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__scc5eced3d26e4aa4b161dd82e8168dce"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__sa43f33225ba34e7491f384d5a51c3a88"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lang_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__s0a36bbadb1914d4c8339e2177c45f5dd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__u81881753b4414547ad5753a21df52d4a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__le65a90e9675645088cb713832334dd4e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__aaf65a931ae554e43b8401769b7a41997">lang_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__a4033355053764826bd44f2e62e48b0b9">Parses the programming language used by the code. If not specified, the default value <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__b842352706123415">plpgsql</strong> is used.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__l1b241fb8ae98462eab116c2a5a9713a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__aa28b2b11f4704f3fb47d9b4ce5621493">code</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__a810306be767e4f4382c6a3edc5b56d80">Specifies executable programming language code. The language is specified as a string.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__s02404a0435214714a9775ed9142cd695"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__p966873616369">Grant user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__b10802996044052">webuser</strong> all the operation permissions on views in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__b5179153954052">tpcds</strong> schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710883__screen9105131511017"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span>
+<span class="normal">8</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">             </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">relnamespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nspname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'tpcds'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">relkind</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'v'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'GRANT ALL ON '</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_ident</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">table_schema</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quote_ident</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">' TO webuser'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LOOP</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0248.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0248.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6153fa3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0248.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">EXECUTE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__s6c0e7a1e848241a0b0f093a3c7f515d0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__a5cc4dcae702b48b682a11d82c091b469"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__b1672001247132845">EXECUTE</strong> executes a prepared statement. A prepared statement only exists in the lifecycle of a session. Therefore, only prepared statements created using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__b842352706172933">PREPARE</strong> earlier in the session can be executed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__s1ccb2739ad2942be8d0a0e841f3ae2c0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__ae48d6d89014443c9a60cf4fd54b24a98">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__b842352706133016">PREPARE</strong> statement creating the prepared statement declares certain parameters, the parameter set transferred to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__b842352706133044">EXECUTE</strong> statement must be compatible. Otherwise, an error occurs.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__s36d0ffd487514dd5955ff27db86fe055"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__saa0f43a767264adeba21db0ef3230145"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__se0508214cef24b0ba0d31f8ebaa37603"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__u540f34092033418e990d9962f8a93cc0"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__l865e48fff82d41308dd03d244101575d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__a1e2dfa99d43a436ab13df9a2d28d1b44">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__a7b3acb06bd274e13a16d368953617568">Specifies the name of the statement to be executed.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__l997899f255eb4286bc10831038e0184a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__ac6d59d7e419f4e5e8b739be934d9bdae">parameter</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__a6f3cc26e8fcd41ee98971b9f88882b48">Specifies a parameter of the prepared statement. It must be an expression that generates a value compatible with the data type specified when the prepared statement is created.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__s28ff13e4b25047e59e283f5358c2621f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__p1082416237332">Create and run a prepared statement for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__b99032639935645">INSERT</strong> statement.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__screen1371814328169"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">PREPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_reason</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_reason</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAADDAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'reason 52'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__sab9c26bdf78243babf26147ee56f736f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990928__a3c1ed25e9afb4d8b9108b3b03147f0e0"><a href="dws_06_0251.html">PREPARE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0249.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0249.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fbba8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0249.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">EXECUTE DIRECT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__scb5938ca9b7c485ca021e0b798d0b9b6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a9c085daa06db4f36a477be962c5b7c06"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b585565489558_1">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong> executes an SQL statement on a specified node. Generally, the cluster automatically allocates an SQL statement to proper nodes. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b84235270683846">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong> is mainly used for database maintenance and testing.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__s55bcbd7c04aa412cbb9a9f14d708b947"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__ul79761746145217"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__li1745195132414">Only a system administrator can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b842352706114312">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong> statement.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__li16976124615220">To ensure data consistency across nodes, only the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b84235270683930">SELECT</strong> statement can be used. Transaction statements, DDL, and DML cannot be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__li156289576525">When the AVG aggregation calculation is performed on the specified DN using such statements, the result set is returned in array, for example, {4,2}. The result of sum is 4, and that of count is 2.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__li69601568438">Do not run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b1541410324558">SELECT</strong> statement on nodes where CNs reside because user table data is not stored there.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__li360267184620"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b364819401695">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong> cannot be nested. If the inner SQL statement to be executed is also <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b178035146163">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong>, run only the bottom-layer <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b1672572812163">EXECUTE DIRECT</strong> statement.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__saea998a246df4d51a51fa2a854eab93a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__s496d2f47f4ae48b0ad0f9afa1e18f594"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIRECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__sef734b80b4234f9696610d718960f24f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__u98f0aa2e2ba246af9d5fa4023afd0771"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__le566e2bbd36540f1bd475212a469d9c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a1329e0b5df29496c9db2d60c2775f640">nodename</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a39709549c16b44e5ae7b75bc19293906">Specifies the node name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a9823c1f59d1746a190f8a4bb6988192e">Value range: An existing node.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__l8ceb2f6282784642b6cdc3ad5d015732"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a5623d031dcce49b6ba8a79c261ee385f">query</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__a075087218773492e82b18bd3b3ce7f68">Specifies the query SQL statement that you want to execute.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__s63bfb86eaf644a41be0a104363fbaafb"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__p96305590452">Query records in table <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__b204211113455"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__text167105285289">tpcds.</span>customer_address</strong> on the dn_6001_6002 node.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670820__screen143205249466"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DIRECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dn_6001_6002</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'select count(*) from tpcds.customer_address'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">-------</span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16922</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GRANT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s939ec23e39ac48ada47e17a328d98b10"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aed258f7a324641f29c674fcf36c04bca"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b972715257473">GRANT</strong> grants permissions to roles and users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ad524e779fe2b471b81cac8e61f3cb74a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b842352706135918">GRANT</strong> is used in the following scenarios:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__u9b8537738cb04b09a9e912f4b292f500"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l91d13579fa774bcfaba29313412e4041"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__en-us_topic_0059778755_a57c8420b40664d00b5393fab6b0dd647">Granting system permissions to roles or users</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aa9331f78835c4effb59ae7315462f8ea">System permissions are also called user attributes, including <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1337063416101">SYSADMIN</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1447233641018">CREATEDB</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1749137201014">CREATEROLE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b163261939191014">AUDITADMIN</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b968534018100">LOGIN</strong>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ac511275173b146c7a3d5c1117cda40fb">They can be specified only by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614243">CREATE ROLE</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614250">ALTER ROLE</strong> syntax. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b14420114731016">SYSADMIN</strong> permission can be granted and revoked using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614350">GRANT ALL PRIVILEGE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614356">REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGE</strong>, respectively. System permissions cannot be inherited by a user from a role, and cannot be granted using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614440">PUBLIC</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l82a1f3901e9240e0974b44d4d20010d0"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__en-us_topic_0085032153_en-us_topic_0059778755_ab18c3ba37a0e4a1b8142192f91cf3d15">Granting database object permissions to roles or users</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ab4b0f1ddee8346a1ac310e7e14ec4b62">Grant permissions related to database objects (tables, views, specified columns, databases, functions, and schemas) to specified roles or users.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aaa4e6962d4db493d9a084f7b4df9bf87"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270614532">GRANT</strong> grants specified database object permissions to one or more roles. These permissions are appended to those already granted, if any.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p113955825012"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text1055279124">GaussDB(DWS)</span> grants the permissions for objects of certain types to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b8531230114010">PUBLIC</strong>. By default, permissions for tables, table columns, sequences, external data sources, external servers, schemas, and tablespace are not granted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b12196332194110">PUBLIC</strong>. However, permissions for the following objects are granted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b651115554111">PUBLIC</strong>: <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b151399754218">CONNECT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b6642110144217">CREATE TEMP TABLE</strong> permissions for databases, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b13209930114215">EXECUTE</strong> permission for functions, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b169327139437">USAGE</strong> permission for languages and data types (including domains). An object owner can revoke the default permissions granted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b968264144516">PUBLIC</strong> and grant permissions to other users as needed. For security purposes, you are advised to create an object and set permissions for it in the same transaction so that other users do not have time windows to use the object. In addition, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b71541827184818">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</strong> statement to modify the initial default permissions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__la2dd17b855424490a32df1f1235291d7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__en-us_topic_0059778755_aa8141f52d6e64b9c81fda2cf86a8ac85">Granting a role's or user's permissions to other roles or users</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a491f58fdf9724a56b29f11cbd156ae08">Grant a role's or user's permissions to one or more roles or users. In this case, every role or user can be regarded as a set of one or more database permissions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__abfac7b4c22ac4671b866b61c633faa8f">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b842352706141214">WITH ADMIN OPTION</strong> is specified, the member can in turn grant permissions in the role to others, and revoke permissions in the role as well. If a role or user granted with certain permissions is changed or revoked, the permissions inherited from the role or user also change.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aa7f9eff33e96410b9828534c5949b984">A database administrator can grant permissions to and revoke them from any role or user. Roles having <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b3420536910242">CREATEROLE</strong> permission can grant or revoke membership in any role that is not an administrator.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s85d40e81abfa437f8b3b3f86bbdd5825"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p390121614588">To isolate permissions, <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text126041823175413">GaussDB(DWS)</span> disables <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b84235270619293">WITH GRANT OPTION</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b842352706192910">TO PUBLIC</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sc45b112b9e67486b99237ecc69cdf8f0"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ud21f5bd6531749f7b32cd2d4e9aa9844"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l7946ef9da384470fbbfa5edc880ba345">Grant the table or view access permission to a specified role or user. Do not perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b178255502486">GRANT</strong> on a table partition. Otherwise, an alarm will be generated.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s336844d244944ae0ad49a9fd8d7bc405"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lf7a6d023690c4a23a9c9d5e8899e6c41">Grant the column access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s206390dec1d44829b92c41a9ee853862"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l1cb52c517d6a4f868ab8d67639e1ea3f">Grant the database access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sc72f2b28b20642fc8f840ae076475cde"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lf6b469878476416faec9dba6e29979ff">Grant the domain access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s4a211e35579c48409e2b00c9d188d0ec"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DOMAIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">domain_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__nf675fcf31a5b47cb89a9631e71a3651a"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__acdabcb9d92ae4dfeb0c662c2b2398777">The current version does not support granting the domain access permission.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lfd3fe0c2fbfb4b5996cba844a32b49ad">Grant the external data source access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sb751485b0ad343c79f51bdc862a5c8c4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WRAPPER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fdw_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lee01cdacea30457e8ec9dff9bf6c4521">Grant the external server access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s6d5ea3ad4d6f404f950bebb9f48d09de"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOREIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">server_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ldf1d93622388439d96692c77abcfbf6c">Grant the function access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__se3f60e6f215d4fc1b6289922e3d4a775"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arg_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arg_type</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l78ac723c1bc34102a104766793a3db79">Grant the procedural language access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s28cd1afc5f2947e2953fd06ed8c46f2e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lang_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__n2df94f587d0d436c8b737f5d04326dc7"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p371915336611">The current version does not support granting the procedural language access permission.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l10dfd4812a7d493c983d1ac13303fc1c">Grant the large object access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s4765e6e0dd5846709acccd908293301e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LARGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OBJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__na520e84d6a85417399a6d5a81346746e"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a9c2c046057ef40c5968e63c8fd3fe78c">The current version does not support granting the large object access permission.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li240365012275">Grant the sequence access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen1955832962811"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sequence_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">         </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li08619545525">Grant the sub-cluster access permission to a specified role or user. Common users cannot perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b11542122310566">GRANT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b14791226165612">REVOKE</strong> operations on node groups.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen7276114045319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l4d9682a879cf42338eb3cf46ae79aac1">Grant the schema access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__se4a249272c7c44af9580e6da5150187e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__nb2c18e84cc1d486995030a42ccd94b74"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ad502fc03083b436995dcdf3bc7fa237f">When you grant table or view rights to other users, you also need to grant the USAGE permission for the schema that the tables and views belong to. Without this permission, the users granted with the table or view rights can only see the object names, but cannot access them.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lb15086a3e9fb4e7cb349955977a63a40">Grant the type access permission to a specified role or user.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s1b55e99a953045bfb654f57115809cf2"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__n8849df2badd94efeacf3b7657b077765"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a2ced8c59af2a492fbf68ba485a4ea869">The current version does not support granting the type access permission.</p>
+</div></div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l50daf6823be442b693dd27f05707818f">Grant a role's rights to other users or roles.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__se0a2d19cfab241739e56f68945a1a0e9"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l35c1d00069ca4315821eb8d8bdea3966">Grant the SYSADMIN permission to a specified role.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s493c4b463a4444938e796e16c6364192"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRIVILEGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">   </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s226158f44a8f4b908e69a283aeb813cd"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s226158f44a8f4b908e69a283aeb813cd"></a><a name="s226158f44a8f4b908e69a283aeb813cd"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a1ae7f977161e4f5897546f87040c40bd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b842352706142019">GRANT</strong> grants the following permissions:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ufeb2a2dc192a4775bdf3f9bb15a6a191"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l53a817d916954e978f18fc956226f290"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a20d32cb957ad473297ba7bac9a95488e">SELECT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__acb0a13b914184994b45f09734019e9e3">Allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b51422585173256">SELECT</strong> from any column, or the specific columns listed, of the specified table, view, or sequence.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l17cbf3b52ec54fd4be624b76ae16a755"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a839704059bf148c58ba9df59d4ad6b55">INSERT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ac25f3681651d42778f6c4ecb277b7888">Allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b11995159173256">INSERT</strong> of a new row into the specified table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lbe8e00b0f43d4d4cbdfd28480724e733"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ad16f5a439b4f480eac52f116858cfe7d">UPDATE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a78c35de962e04665a8bf1c37b0a20f90">Allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b14681614173256">UPDATE</strong> of any column, or the specific columns listed, of the specified table. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b32587652173256">SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b24853419173256">SELECT ... FOR SHARE</strong> also require this permission on at least one column, in addition to the SELECT permission.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l28c928cabe0249d6a95185675e0047af"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a00d836234ffb496baab536203e06abb5">DELETE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__afe67516e707b402e8a2621d9784e4b45">Allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b58185026173256">DELETE</strong> of a row from the specified table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lb1969d52e1814ddb97bbcda345c98af8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a69275b78e46c42ea9421cc75ccb3f5dd">TRUNCATE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a5dfa58c5f6354871b95aa4bed490f991">Allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b45506737173256">TRUNCATE</strong> on the specified table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l043f91af463446c0877d627200f2f149"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a47c3b55c03b84ddb956fd07969d07b71">REFERENCES</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a21917cb12b214dc29f37359c8153dd48">To create a foreign key constraint, it is necessary to have this permission on both the referencing and referenced columns.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1578615498619"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1178634912616">TRIGGER</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p378624915611">To create a trigger, you must have the TRIGGER permission on the table or view.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1453105120618"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b345375113613">ANALYZE | ANALYSE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p144539514615">To perform the ANALYZE | ANALYSE operation on a table to collect statistics data, you must have the ANALYZE | ANALYSE permission on the table.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l46722c9a14c34839a6336c1ee6a180c4"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a75a3d3cc64cf413b9be614553ea1af06">CREATE</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__u34c6326cefc945cb916f26cc6d81225f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l92e4337ba37f4661ba8b135a4acafd30">For databases, allows new schemas to be created within the database.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lf7b4cf030e834ae49eb8439f1a373f9c">For schemas, allows new objects to be created within the schema. To rename an existing object, you must own the object and have this permission for the schema where the object is located.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li13275181295619">For sub-clusters, allows tables to be created.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l7c6d40218dd84cbc8b9481cc3a81ec4e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a21bf6b32b51443459dc4a9077c76e828">CONNECT</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a657c252bb39d45bc96ea6babc2566de5">Allows the user to connect to the specified database.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lb69fb7aa6d134ab4b9f521b4bdf485f7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__acc68b23cf5ca4721bb5a376df0733b07">EXECUTE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__afa212280024149fb9cfe6d82d50774d0">Allows the use of the specified function and the use of any operators that are implemented on top of the function.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l89f597bfff004e9089806af5f9640b56"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ae8831b85ab534a6f9b68a2125dbe8e86">USAGE</strong><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ue2eb0ad6870b49579a895f2c755f3d3c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lb44aee714c424c47a79460781d818c6e">For procedural languages, allows the use of the specified language for the creation of functions in that language.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ldd159df8318f4a57a8a8c597ca5c90eb">For schemas, allows access to objects contained in the specified schema. Without this permission, it is still possible to see the object names.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lcc12548eb8dc45d09d26d1081cbfa755">For sequences, allows the use of the nextval function.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1817154445616">For sub-clusters, allows users who can access objects contained in the specified schema to access tables in a specified sub-cluster.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li18654162223916"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b15798202741515">COMPUTE</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p883485274111">Allows users to perform elastic computing in a computing sub-cluster that they have the compute permission on.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l15a2972118364c1aaa8a9d3cf0f1166b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__adef4a74e308046d897a4aa96d1937cf5">ALL PRIVILEGES</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ae2ff104ad35e4bf2839b38650720d79e">Grants all of the available permissions at once. Only system administrators have permission to run <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b45398292176">GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES</strong>.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a62f32e93b0204bcf9f16b8ec7592220a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b842352706142129">GRANT</strong> parameters are as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__uf401db0d454f4f0b88b3df5a175ee72c"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l2741ce320e404f778c45b71695093020"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ab906efaa12eb4b568e6568f5b43a26ec">role_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a99df1eabdfca406a97d93efa07777dd0">Specifies an existing user name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l363a75bd71e444de95ccacd70afeb3a6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a73bd478126764e409adf9c6d53589d7d">table_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ac54c96a615ff4345bb14c038113b28fe">Specifies an existing table name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l660887d4f4d84259ba965a1c63eb3290"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a87eeb781d81740f89b4594ccfcd4aab2">column_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a915d095aa20b489a958715cdfd3dc6c3">Specifies an existing column name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l76fa2f8b7a3d4c13a739b44f17e05cc7"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a77f54bb1d5f84a3b8c05302f3f958438">schema_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a93e2dec5f51c4b0aa377c707d443b7a4">Specifies an existing schema name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l584d3b9c268b4ca89ed0bd071f758579"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a403f72158c71455fab293a3f2a592521">database_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a4f3470c7a0984e08aee7566fc27ef9d9">Specifies an existing database name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l4b1ac131fb6f4b9cbd8b93a9599aa116"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ada24cc9a46044682b01af232ab4ba107">function_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a7d7f3a2e76144df9bb34c1fceb3b6bea">Specifies an existing function name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l408242e5541d4e749d7a58ad6b99d04b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aacd4d90aa8cf4b18b4df6aa021bb640c">sequence_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a83159c76008e40cf8616b99f1573b5e3">Specifies an existing sequence name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__lb79c9ececbdf4724a59375ecf2017f5d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ae25dc9da9c8346509ca9bb5f0ee565df">domain_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a9d3467f2f9d24c7f9081242c3ab96864">Specifies an existing domain type.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l5aa2950e8d1e43ad84287b4e36fc211a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a22769088474a4499b2f678406c4b47fd">fdw_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a05c7bf0c3f6b43b5ac9e35a91897ebb7">Specifies an existing foreign data wrapper name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l6df9c7e717aa4145bd74780710c951c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a29d55cbf2a264bccbabf84a6d0b032ef">lang_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a7b12540672c742dfac758c5dc8fc268b">Specifies an existing language name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l77e2cba91262440db11583304d64a48a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ab4f0d0c1943a4b9992bc135ba6b6ce2c">type_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a5b68404474ef445482bcd993e12a860c">Specifies an existing type name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li19264143212113"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b2698114421511">group_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p1583418411329">Specifies an existing sub-cluster name.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__la0008daa3d8649aa9593baf56358ef8b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a52b6f1a89a674fff8dfcbef14de133bc">argmode</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a1a4a23fc9bd246daa0763d6882284c89">Specifies the parameter mode.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__add1f3cec2a2146548012f3cb81fe682b">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ld1ae9c4f9577419a82e4d6a81bf67621"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ab18de647b451422c80721303b15ad508">arg_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a3f3a3450ed524717a319ee5be1c1700b">Indicates the parameter name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__acaa9435c499547bca19b6a9c6ff9d913">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__le34af7c866d64200adf7dc9dfb844169"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a8fbb03c55d8144778abcc804b52deea0">arg_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a3d6c4c2947df40c19c584ddee2596c8f">Specifies the parameter type.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a94854f70a9c0481d954a907ff4d9ebbf">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__l0c1f1f02b58c4d2fb978f9787c43c63e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a6db541e82ca64d86b97a19864343065b">loid</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a7c87cd19d0744d4794e42e023be0201f">Identifier of the large object that includes this page</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aba7e91b993324567885965bb1528104e">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1435116194510"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b63513624512">directory_name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p1135863459">Specifies a directory name.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p19354614453">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s12bbfbcfb32a4dbea826be8698edd649"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ul11236171913462"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1723813191462">Grant system permissions to a user or role.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ul1387010323468"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li112381219174617">Grant all available permissions of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b15299165020459">sysadmin</strong> to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b17667195116459">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s27c74972ad8e423e8bb31227b73e7667"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__p774322634616">Afterward, user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b4593004454139">joe</strong> has the sysadmin permissions.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li20238419164620">Grant object permissions to a user or role.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ul044913556244"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li4436101419312">Grant the SELECT permission on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b76470748732044"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text131558066132044">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b124249162832044">joe</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen411918190316"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li154523517475">Grant all permissions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b21438517332044"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text159269562832044">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b60295771532044">kim</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen125343112583"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kim</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li5237151920469">Grant the usage permission of the schema <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b189430627732044">tpcds</strong> to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b15538745432044">joe</strong>:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s4568e84bf08b4c89be31a04e4e97d8bf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ab9aa4a369bdf475287ab0b88efa710a6">After the granting succeeds, user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b13871162882120">joe</strong> has all the permissions of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b747993992112"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text9109369211">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table, including the add, delete, modify, and query permissions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li11237101934610">Grant the query permission for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b14939840844139">r_reason_sk</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b11639539514139">r_reason_id</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b7799151164139">r_reason_desc</strong> columns and the update permission for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b7759040144139">r_reason_desc</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b3368292784139"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text1246415815293">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b5247663504139">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sbda788d8093b4b53bf6c26ddd1ea4f5a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_desc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__aeaea1fc7f1d741fc981ece38b04f81e7">After the granting succeeds, user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b13824944112410">joe</strong> immediately has the query permission of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b124991833112514">r_reason_sk</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b104841836112519">r_reason_id</strong> columns in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1448410282254"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text590991062911">tpcds.</span>reason</strong> table. </p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s427e927553a847688d9f5736684092a5"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li1495195155217">Grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b82358398332044">EXECUTE</strong> permission of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b179839560932044">func_add_sql</strong> function to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b206366601932044">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen3117732972"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_add_sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li7470171528">Grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b31053031532044">UPDATE </strong>permission of the sequence <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b214493532932044">serial</strong> to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b52304833932044">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen3138132071118"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">serial</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li12395147112517">Grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b3133516734139"></strong><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b19535326354139"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__text13222588414139">gaussdb</span></strong> database connection permission and schema creation permission to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b9213622234139">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s0547fbf3fe254b5ea012332cded77aaf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">create</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">connect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">on</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gaussdb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li136292026261">Grant the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b19778175511462">tpcds</strong> schema access permission and object creation permission to this role, but do not enable it to grant these permissions to others.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__screen15124501257"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds_manager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li523801916461">Grant the permissions of a user or role to other users or roles.<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__ul723781964619"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li192371519114612">Grant the permissions of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b65041415164711">joe</strong> to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1504515104711">manager</strong>, and allow <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b11505131513472">manager</strong> to grant these permissions to others.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sa342eb944fd94c13856f8c12c669156c"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__li107355518267">Grant the permissions of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b1949813584716">manager</strong> to user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__b16808113615474">senior_manager</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s8268dd40e9ba40b3a99fd873470fc018"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">manager</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">senior_manager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__sab9c26bdf78243babf26147ee56f736f"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__a3c1ed25e9afb4d8b9108b3b03147f0e0"><a href="dws_06_0253.html">REVOKE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0244.html">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0251.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0251.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29333225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0251.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PREPARE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__s64a5f7b7793247f6b640cfe61162a0ae"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__ac4967ac6767c469d9196657c5c9f993d"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706172019">PREPARE</strong> creates a prepared statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a32b2193a52ed44d785b7f3e8d52709f4">A prepared statement is a performance optimizing object on the server. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152614">PREPARE</strong> statement is executed, the specified query is parsed, analyzed, and rewritten. When the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152651">EXECUTE</strong> is executed, the prepared statement is planned and executed. This avoids repetitive parsing and analysis. After the PREPARE statement is created, it exists throughout the database session. Once it is created (even if in a transaction block), it will not be deleted when a transaction is rolled back. It can only be deleted by explicitly invoking <a href="dws_06_0246.html">DEALLOCATE</a> or automatically deleted when the session ends.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__s523f7491d24741eb857e3416de2ba030"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a33f36c7ccf3b4cc8b86dffba03aaecf3">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__s73ae27cbe2e74204913f66e3e301ea49"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__s9579bd26c2264f759425ad3da1a7966a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">PREPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__s3375ad463df044eea5fe55f2a6081109"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__uafab1a37923744d3bfa76fe986b1beac"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__l5bb5ca00055141649a531e9707279e79"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a7000a2f28cec4dd5baebcd174c749168">name</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__ad1c034c69a734fbe8e1e23cef7a38084">Specifies the name of a prepared statement. It must be unique in the current session.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__lc4bbb0552a4d4dfeb04017cffc8b184c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a97edd0ffcbc8417293feb53bd63f24eb">data_type</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a2de8bd81f23d49f0aff8dd9ee32bc97d">Specifies the type of a parameter.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__l0e9201f1d9cb43db9823f646eb222e9e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a77aff9766d074e3899abbf5f210331d5">statement</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__a38badac004e9439b8676dba190da78d8">Specifies a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152915">SELECT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152919">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152922">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152926">DELETE</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b842352706152929">VALUES</strong> statement.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__sd93d17cec40e427e8333c6798469724a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__p98834723210">Create and run a prepared statement for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__b5236122544813">INSERT</strong> statement.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__screen1371814328169"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">PREPARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_reason</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="nb">character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_reason</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'AAAAAAAADDAAAAAA'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'reason 52'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__section1690451517271"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710941__p610344813274"><a href="dws_06_0246.html">DEALLOCATE</a>, <a href="dws_06_0248.html">EXECUTE</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0252.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0252.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e14d57bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0252.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">REASSIGN OWNED</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__sb57a234176e0412fb36d03c51812a41e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__en-us_topic_0059779106_p89891140821"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b166895355935647">REASSIGN OWNED</strong> changes the owner of a database.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__a9c3316702b014db5a3e324e23ef4a260"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b842352706153120">REASSIGN OWNED</strong> requires that the system change owners of all the database objects owned by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b199087961735647">old_roles</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b49156061935647">new_role</strong>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__s7857dce882194dac9b7bfd1b08b02fb5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__uf2f61cbb4418418db972f1a20027fb1e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__l4087ff4b23a94a9aa3b658fdaa0af5bc"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b842352706153145">REASSIGN OWNED</strong> is often executed before deleting a rule.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__lfbbff1d23f0f4ca9ae7be7c0291dcc6b">You must have the permissions on the original and target roles to execute it.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__li1290973111718">The resource management module does not monitor the data switch of the syntax. You need to call <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b6816154412015">select gs_wlm_readjust_user_space(0)</strong> to manually calibrate the monitoring data.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__s83507d927cda4d9e95e91b51d3d42360"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__scddc4325e25c4af29a403141c680ace7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">REASSIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_role</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_role</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__sf1398035b57c4ababe5491c31fda9db2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__ubb5ce7d0e02844d282aac608d91966bf"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__lb8592a56e82341eba90d9ab9a805940a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__acdb681f3572740d7bc0c684cbc539740">old_role</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__ada4e875467d9497cb18a2154d6871d1c">Specifies the role name of the old owner.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__l1850c4d376b748c583643e250bf454f6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__ab50e0211a460406e975c13270969b7f2">new_role</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__a20aff09d472d49bdab40a7f630e5cf6d">Specifies the role name of the new owner.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__s8d5e58db5b924350a8e8fb98406316f6"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__p205421813483">Reassign all database objects owned by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b14226173919487">joe</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b828714174814">jack</strong> roles to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__b650344216483">admin</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510813__screen192996379811"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">REASSIGN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OWNED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0253.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0253.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">REVOKE</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__sa50897bae12c482b857c7d309c9e2126"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__a5740e4d179e2495189473031b1f3cf02"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b151034610118">REVOKE</strong> revokes rights from one or more roles.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s13807594272c4c4da55b4d9b045a5fd4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__ac9e277d40ee74927a78d5b6e6878d081">If a non-owner user of an object attempts to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__en-us_topic_0058965552_b6691807511655">REVOKE</strong> rights on the object, the command is executed based on the following rules:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__u1f04dc79b6214318b29af2dc905db67e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l3bc4cfd7fcd446d6875af789099c2c6a">If the user has no right whatsoever on the object, the command will fail outright.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__lb308ff6fc79b44cabbe4aef650d68c58">If some permissions are available, the command proceeds, but it revokes only those rights for which the user has grant options.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l2fdbf5159f5646eeb98fd2492003beee">The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b840898111655">REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES</strong> forms will issue an error message if no grant options are held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for any of the rights named in the command are not held.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l5d41af9ccfac475fb8e21d3ebe1bb075">Do not perform <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b84235270615336">REVOKE</strong> to a table partition. Performing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b127775225093720">REVOKE</strong> to a partitioned table incurs an alarm.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s79fbea600cbd41c5836304628bbdb2e4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__ue25a96185e9348c594749b1e1ae616e9"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l989ede89db654c53af0f66ecae2edbba">Revoke the permission of specified table and view.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s06bd17621fb84aedbe9867b1eb2b0836"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRIGGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ANALYSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__led11d1828dd841e889b7c4bfbe982958">Revoke the permission of specified fields on the table.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__sf338a406d1b64738b82abff6b9d5546d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REFERENCES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l6ae6d3ebd6e54514a58a7570f3193b8d">Revoke the permission of a specified database.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__sb9ed6c5e885b41f8a58a8ca8af37dd16"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TEMPORARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TEMP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__lc3b64dc9310d40b58128d3b1f12ad06c">Revoke the permission of a specified function.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__sd69bb3440b6c4dd6a1b345f0b597ea9e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">function_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argmode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arg_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arg_type</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FUNCTIONS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l6e830bafc8ee4059aad759b91d4da3d7">Revoke the permission of a specified large object.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s5865759ab97f48a8a91168c9a92610bc"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LARGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OBJECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__li105761225132915">Revoke the permission on a specified sequence.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen6887174318296"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SEQUENCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sequence_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__l537038ef0ce04416a987d81f15362536">Revoke the permission of a specified schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__scf8b8a105ad74dd59d5a4fda359d60e8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">schema_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__li19125143273215">Revoke the permission of a specified sub-cluster.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen17379195211325"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GRANT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COMPUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NODE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__lade6355b96aa4671904a52a4bd4d4007">Revoke the permission of roles based on roles.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s57c00aea09154d6a9ba5809542caedaa"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OPTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CASCADE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RESTRICT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__la3f0598615bf4724b30886dbad87f88e">Revoke the sysadmin permission of roles.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s7ec8c238e7054138b0de9e68f6853201"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PRIVILEGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">role_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s7f10538b14c249089d17ff66f3823486"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__aa87d4d6943ee40878b6c4c64f93f6579">The keyword <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b48583925113634">PUBLIC</strong> indicates an implicitly defined group that contains all roles.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__a293b240a68f045c19f58bf20a0d4a6d7">See <a href="dws_06_0250.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830781__s226158f44a8f4b908e69a283aeb813cd">Parameter Description</a> of the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__en-us_topic_0085032400_en-us_topic_0058965552_b842352706103928">GRANT</strong> command for the meaning of the privileges and related parameters.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p1856754015244">Permissions of a role include the permissions directly granted to the role, permissions inherited from the parent role, and permissions granted to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b187505125561">PUBLIC</strong>. Therefore, revoking the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b129705811161">SELECT</strong> permission on an object from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b49701588161">PUBLIC</strong> does not necessarily mean that such permission has been revoked from all roles, because the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b8971148191616">SELECT</strong> permission directly granted to roles or inherited from parent roles remains. Similarly, if the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b647312617218">SELECT</strong> permission is revoked from a user but is not revoked from <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b4318182119214">PUBLIC</strong>, the user can still run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b137891458323">SELECT</strong> statement.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__ac08688525337427296160ca570032229">If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b59142030113634">GRANT OPTION FOR</strong> is specified, only the grant option for the right is revoked, not the right itself.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__acfcefc69bda2464c84cee2fa9b4235e4">If user A holds the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b25775095113634">UPDATE</strong> rights on a table and the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b30649263113634">WITH GRANT OPTION</strong> and has granted them to user B, the rights that user B holds are called dependent rights. If the rights or the grant option held by user A is revoked, the dependent rights still exist. Those dependent rights are also revoked if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b7407912113634_1">CASCADE</strong> is specified.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__a1612dddeb08d4ee5a57d9dc996a2434c">A user can only revoke rights that were granted directly by that user. If, for example, user A has granted a right with grant option (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b63169994113634">WITH ADMIN OPTION</strong>) to user B, and user B has in turned granted it to user C, then user A cannot revoke the right directly from C. However, user A can revoke the grant option held by user B and use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b7407912113634_3">CASCADE</strong>. In this manner, the rights held by user C are automatically revoked. For another example, if both user A and user B have granted the same right to C, A can revoke his own grant but not B's grant, so C will still effectively have the right.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__ab9dbd1515e974af0b8288f81aa8de555">If the role executing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b14245162113634">REVOKE</strong> holds rights indirectly via more than one role membership path, it is unspecified which containing role will be used to execute the command. In such cases, it is best practice to use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b61097599113634">SET ROLE</strong> to become the specific role you want to do the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b13007484113634">REVOKE</strong> as, and then execute REVOKE. Failure to do so may lead to deleting rights not intended to delete, or not deleting any rights at all.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s6f1ca48506ad4ab7903bcd62a31e8357"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p181256575614">Revoke all permissions of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b14985175044818">joe</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen837819390610"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p472113189561">Revoke the permissions granted in a specified schema.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s4b59530588414fc089dab84ff1ff6aa4"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds_manager</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p10195820271">Revoke the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b9341826181916">CONNECT</strong> privilege from user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b10287132721910">joe</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen114618346318"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CONNECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p126365072819">Revoke the membership of role <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b24131142171912">admins</strong> from user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b71312381196">joe</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen287953919312"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">admins</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p19712172973617">Revoke all the privileges of user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b182234397202">joe</strong> for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b82282413207">myView</strong> view.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen10256164317319"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myView</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p65621988346">Revoke the public insert permission on the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b850813474202">customer_t1</strong> table.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen20119132116438"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">customer_t1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PUBLIC</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p1083634013467">Revoke user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b158891456122012">joe</strong>'s permission for the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b2790122102120">tpcds</strong> schema.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen273594784618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">USAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SCHEMA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__p9836840114614">Revoke the query permissions for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b1292620972113">r_reason_sk</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b142201210213">r_reason_id</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b193171215162115">tpcds.reason table</strong> from user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__b117710172217">joe</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__screen14091453114616"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">REVOKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r_reason_sk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r_reason_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joe</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__s6007f55ea202409ba71e8c3cb563133b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830475__a53c8672f0c6846169e783a2e7fb0229c"><a href="dws_06_0250.html">GRANT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0242.html">DCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0254.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0254.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39836edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0254.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510667"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510667"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">TCL Syntax</h1>
+<div id="body1603694580808"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510667__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0255.html">TCL Syntax Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0256.html">ABORT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0257.html">BEGIN</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0258.html">CHECKPOINT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0260.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0262.html">PREPARE TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0263.html">SAVEPOINT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0264.html">SET TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0265.html">START TRANSACTION</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0267.html">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0268.html">ROLLBACK PREPARED</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0269.html">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0255.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0255.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfcfc0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0255.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">TCL Syntax Overview</h1>
+<div id="body1603695906941"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__p1265119217814">Transaction Control Language (TCL) controls the time and effect of database transactions and monitors the database.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__section175801244141013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Commit</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__acf8ba83d7c404eec82b54fcfc6737028"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__text1283995489">GaussDB(DWS)</span> uses the COMMIT or END statement to commit transactions. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__section73411131415"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Setting a Savepoint</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__p464424381510"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__text2094551561">GaussDB(DWS)</span> creates a new savepoint in the current transaction. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0263.html">SAVEPOINT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__section1455451731715"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Rollback</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__p785272212173"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670968__text1215708764">GaussDB(DWS)</span> rolls back the current transaction to the last committed state. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0256.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0256.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd6f9ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0256.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ABORT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s1da9ee263dc045208082e70b9a78aaa8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__p470751945118"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__b842352706202441">ABORT</strong> rolls back the current transaction and cancels the changes in the transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__a571deeaf2d0d4586bf3a8e343f8751bc">This command is equivalent to <a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a>, and is present only for historical reasons. Now <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__b842352706185147">ROLLBACK</strong> is recommended.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s536a74de39fe4fa495fd5d5656040665"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__a58015d5dbb5548e78e8bc1f882b0931e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__b84235270620252">ABORT</strong> has no impact outside a transaction, but will provoke a warning.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s37247b42e1604b3a92cc8324e4e10689"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s7071880190d941c49d02434c28e0d77e"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ABORT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s6542a6cfc58640669a9bd684b57a6431"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__en-us_topic_0059778271_p172607335571"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__afd713ca93a42428992a769ab632207d0">WORK | TRANSACTION</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__ae28a195c31e1421eabe3d7e212226fc3">Optional keyword has no effect except increasing readability.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__scb119834472b4bd68101ee239e094163"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__p267112715101">Abort a transaction. Performed update operations will be undone.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__screen571351010106"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ABORT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__s47394eddf9484a2aa6c2b9bb514e7261"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830920__a5826cf70e8eb477fb3053f72b1e86676"><a href="dws_06_0264.html">SET TRANSACTION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a>, <a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0257.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0257.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74506a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0257.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">BEGIN</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__se1c2c229a3a9450588cd9e0dfb6b40cc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__a0774a322b4ea4882ae430f98cd23fc00"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__b842352706135240">BEGIN</strong> may be used to initiate an anonymous block or a single transaction. This section describes the syntax of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__b431881209135343">BEGIN</strong> used to initiate an anonymous block. For details about the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__b1989547031155529">BEGIN</strong> syntax that initiates transactions, see <a href="dws_06_0265.html">START TRANSACTION</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__a77938e627bb44aae823c3a1c28ae631f">An anonymous block is a structure that can dynamically create and execute stored procedure code instead of permanently storing code as a database object in the database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__s986f9c215d92411692b7dc0f94c8de8b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__a0d3e688d466b4220b09005f8fe6de9be">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__sc1af3192f0be461ca6e691f8f4f922c3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__u8fe96f0545ec4d1e9736a091b70b114a"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__en-us_topic_0059778122_li15501913346">Enable an anonymous block:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__s09888d86045345fdb1b6dfe2817abdaf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">declare_statements</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">execution_statements</span><span class="w">  </span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="o">/</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__l1cbba6c5433b41dc915898c82ed414ab">-- Start a transaction:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__sea3b6108dd9e4e8e9e3aa085b18f6dcf"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNCOMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SERIALIZABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPEATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__seef4fd3ecfa94fb18357463bde31a5c7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__u9c8b5eb396664bf5b0b2d1d153adb9d3"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__l32b1e93c4d624107be1621e8428c7c4c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__ab29cf8cfd8264351af4e5d836e2d5e64">declare_statements</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__a76f5675071a6451f9214c683e49acbad">Declares a variable, including its name and type, for example, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__en-us_topic_0058966177_b84235270691041">sales_cnt int</strong>.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__l63a980c2382b469492757240c0eb6103"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__ad24bd4969a2e4d61940375f8dce7ef76">execution_statements</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__abf40d5b6457549b996f8b2dc2c98b30d">Specifies the statement to be executed in an anonymous block.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__a632ff90782544fa0aef2b045bf1efd1e">Value range: an existing function name</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__sc4154d123f0741f783cc4965b50e4942"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__ul139081656153614"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__li10908135617363">Start a transaction block.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__sa5ce8e1bceec49f4a6369c977568127b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__li10908656173612">Start a transaction block at the REPEATABLE READ isolation level.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__screen136945301385"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPEATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__li7969183116444">Generate a string using an anonymous block.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__screen20533135811429"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__s8e2793fb4a9942d3b3d704b5c57ba6bc"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830645__en-us_topic_0059778122_p466215311011"><a href="dws_06_0265.html">START TRANSACTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0258.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0258.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2131e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0258.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">CHECKPOINT</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__s917a3789243a44fe90ba8fecd69c2fb1"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__af9327feb7959426dace331755a30dea1">A checkpoint is a point in the transaction log sequence at which all data files have been updated to reflect the information in the log. All data files will be flushed to a disk.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__aec90fc6e6d8047ef9560e9af15ea26de"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b59233592115054">CHECKPOINT</strong> forces a transaction log checkpoint. By default, WALs periodically specify checkpoints in a transaction log. You may use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b63340282115054">gs_guc</strong> to specify run-time parameters <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b33191629115054">checkpoint_segments</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b30289211115054">checkpoint_timeout</strong> to adjust the atomized checkpoint intervals.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__sc71f019b5f904cf7829d18723a4c1fef"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__ul1191111547244"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__li19912145413245">Only a system administrator has the permission to call <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b116857232318">CHECKPOINT</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__li1272935712410"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__b9670205993410">CHECKPOINT</strong> forces an immediate checkpoint when the related command is issued, without waiting for a regular checkpoint scheduled by the system.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__s5e5542d609234c11a660b757189a8c01"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__s9e9f754dee844e8d964a97c193800020"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CHECKPOINT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__sbdf9ed2bfd134fa088b66414c1f15552"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__a2e73be8b0a23431ebe78d621b5408353">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__sc3bca8afb5f645ac82177e0aba9e3bd4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__p17773524167">Set a checkpoint.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001099150852__s2c8b15dafb87450bb5f53278239d021b"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">CHECKPOINT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0259.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0259.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77418de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0259.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">COMMIT | END</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s0d3ca8616af547e6be5e90a5ec5cac33"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a26b3d789a5664a1f99da551ee184da08"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__b828708115913">COMMIT</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__b7458376115913">END</strong> commits all operations of a transaction.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s33b7e864a2944dd4b1f339689570014e"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__af100cc7189904809a25bf37ec49d190c">Only the transaction creators or system administrators can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__b12045553115913">COMMIT</strong> command. The creation and commit operations must be in different sessions.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s76502c677cd8492ca777b232c3f9d776"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s43272c85f0864a94b4c250cf6637604d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s32b16601825e48669f80ff4f933234ff"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__uf1b6e80ccb244d809b3ff5b95a4c2ed7"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__lccf7a4313b8e47a39d25731896285e37"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a6b9d6d70c9174b0998fa227487703de2">COMMIT | END</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a2e13191a41924eb4968b75d532df4eea">Commits the current transaction and makes all changes made by the transaction become visible to others.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__l8651e51e0c3c4e1e932b32f1ce55c39f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a7e55023f6cf84516b09755dc13a734fe">WORK | TRANSACTION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a555d867bebf648f3bb52d89125b2c049">Optional keyword has no effect except increasing readability.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s2153f8bc7639420180ba5c484279aea7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__p599517477173">Commit the transaction to make all changes permanent.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s61049b853ba74c92b9dde3e7a4922b78"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__s32824095b811432c85245affd54c5bb2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098990634__a4077a1eac20445dd84105796750933c0"><a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0260.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0260.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a41fee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0260.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">COMMIT PREPARED</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__sb4ed7d6e55f94dbea1916c06d862aa42"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__a1220d341726440e9b5799224c24e8c4b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__b5173105869393">COMMIT PREPARED</strong> commits a prepared two-phase transaction.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__sbd9f3b0bb4874a53ab62bab1d93a7c7c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__uae1a8241c3474afe890855c0999c2360"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__l3dea34f4b0d644828bcb8975c92b31c5">The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__b84235270695538">xc_maintenance_mode</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__b842352706144554">on</strong>). Exercise caution when enabling the mode. It is used by maintenance engineers for troubleshooting. Common users should not use the mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__l60b21d147c9846b2bd9ce05a536aa8ce">Only the transaction creators or system administrators can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__b12045553115913">COMMIT</strong> command. The creation and commit operations must be in different sessions.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__lc1048422f6f84344a072710fe6ab59c4">The transaction function is maintained automatically by the database, and should be not visible to users.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__s3b4af498ff294065b18df50300e58b2b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__s72781e90417240548033db4d3725a6ab"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PREPARED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">transaction_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PREPARED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">transaction_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CSN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__s50429ccf90d14f34824b6a28e0cd633b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__ul1571718526216"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__li187173521528"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__a1a331164b3554e9d8dca940cf0986f62">transaction_id</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__a5e92d693590b4e378c87ec5e2d29c6f8">Specifies the identifier of the transaction to be submitted. The identifier must be different from those for current prepared transactions.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__ul1187155520213"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__li1887119551422"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__b17854104819212">CSN(commit sequence number)</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__p173875615285">Specifies the sequence number of the transaction to be committed. It is a 64-bit, incremental, unsigned number.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__s4047b342f0354b9b97263f6453cc5943"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145911001__ab68cd5febcf64be7acf08f2a0e102d68"><a href="dws_06_0262.html">PREPARE TRANSACTION</a>, <a href="dws_06_0268.html">ROLLBACK PREPARED</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0262.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0262.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..349a5df2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0262.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">PREPARE TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__sd491729b1c9d4bef96c287690100e19c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__en-us_topic_0059779173_p11485361015"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__en-us_topic_0058966234_b84235270695432">PREPARE TRANSACTION</strong> prepares the current transaction for two-phase commit.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a55d3892591724e10b57a8e5a90168f5a">After this command, the transaction is no longer associated with the current session; instead, its state is fully stored on disk, and there is a high probability that it can be committed successfully, even if a database crash occurs before the commit is requested.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a8a572a45b1ef481794ff2afefafd8b5f">Once prepared, a transaction can later be committed or rolled back with <a href="dws_06_0260.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a> or <a href="dws_06_0268.html">ROLLBACK PREPARED</a>, respectively. Those commands can be issued from any session, not only the one that executed the original transaction. </p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a589dbc0d8bc94cb285b937e389dccbdf">From the point of view of the issuing session, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b842352706155549">PREPARE TRANSACTION</strong> is not unlike a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b842352706155554">ROLLBACK</strong> command: after executing it, there is no active current transaction, and the effects of the prepared transaction are no longer visible. (The effects will become visible again if the transaction is committed.)</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a06154661f2594b3ca74b05a903d6df16">If the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b84235270615561">PREPARE TRANSACTION</strong> command fails for any reason, it becomes a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b84235270615567">ROLLBACK</strong> and the current transaction is canceled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__s96c8274c5b1843499568b9ac926e901b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__u7acf62f0391b435cba155ffa2543dcf5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__l551d433424274d1f97293066df377a6b">The transaction function is maintained automatically by the database, and should be not visible to users.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__l440d454b88574255b9fd7920d706f58a">When running the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b1812291379151112">PREPARE TRANSACTION</strong> command, increasing the value of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b210698822151112">max_prepared_transactions</strong> in configuration file <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b858343011151112">postgresql.conf</strong>. You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b572420575151128">max_prepared_transactions</strong> to a value not less than that of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b1113335325151128">max_connections</strong> so that one pending prepared transaction is available for each session.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__sf3bb4a591e3b40ec8afdb0b1fab4c4e9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__s3bc78252a733401681cd2edb58ed8f15">PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__s5c47ddc0f6dc4a32a5d23f50edf90b30"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a09c6e19bb96148ab9e8bb2e622a21fb6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a12d21b56ca754405aa47d89bf7a2ccf0">transaction_id</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__af55f3b1890824e45b7aa3cc8eca5bbc6">An arbitrary identifier that later identifies this transaction for <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b84235270692036">COMMIT PREPARED</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__b84235270692039">ROLLBACK PREPARED</strong>. The identifier must be different from those for current prepared transactions.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a11299a78e898473b94bfc03ca5cf1bf0">Value range: The identifier must be written as a string literal, and must be less than 200 bytes long.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__s05b5e4a25dab41e4985cb55c2161f903"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098670976__a1233d131018b42b0afe54a4f425f74fb"><a href="dws_06_0260.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a>, <a href="dws_06_0268.html">ROLLBACK PREPARED</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0263.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0263.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e426a0fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0263.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SAVEPOINT</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__s5f5c7196b45748249cab9239de80ef32"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__en-us_topic_0059777880_p88037451270"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b842352706181620">SAVEPOINT</strong> establishes a new savepoint within the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ac0439bb7fd564a90a9bbe12ade2f4cbc">A savepoint is a special mark inside a transaction that rolls back all commands that are executed after the savepoint was established, restoring the transaction state to what it was at the time of the savepoint.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__se3e51029d8094b96bf845390e3a07e07"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ul5749173618471"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li2749133654710">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b842352706181729">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong> to roll back to a savepoint. Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b531098911076">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong> to destroy a savepoint but keep the effects of the commands executed after the savepoint was established.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li1274919368471">Savepoints can only be established when inside a transaction block. There can be multiple savepoints defined within a transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li157499367478"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b155359423492612">SAVEPOINT</strong> cannot be used for functions, anonymous blocks, or stored procedures.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li2750336114713">In the case of an unexpected termination of a distributed thread or process caused by a node or connection failure, or of an error caused by the inconsistency between source and destination table structures in a COPY FROM operation, the transaction cannot be rolled back to the established savepoint. Instead, the entire transaction will be rolled back.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li0750736124710">According to the SQL standard, a savepoint is destroyed automatically when another savepoint with the same name is established. In <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__text1327428531">GaussDB(DWS)</span>, old savepoints are kept, though only the most recent one will be used for rollback or release. Releasing the newer savepoint with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b168816306011">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong> will cause the older one to again become accessible to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b155761849007">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b15884145211019">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong>. Except for this, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__b648910206119">SAVEPOINT</strong> is fully SQL conforming.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__s4ba8540aea0146f48402dcc21a3b7573"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__sa64fa27ae6d9447793dd43c8b06dfc8d">SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__s7e9cadffbdb74a7c870d4da59e9e9fac"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ade421a818a75405fb502b5928bad4623">savepoint_name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ae62445f119d7420c820a9a26be199569">Specifies the name of a new savepoint.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__s85afb65aa7a847318788164030e46a21"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ul8809124292910"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li11809042152916">Create a savepoint and undo all commands executed after the savepoint is created.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__screen1997114136268"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__p5308848112919">Query the table content, which should contain 1 and 3 but not 2, because 2 has been rolled back.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__li1681014242911">Create and then destroy a savepoint.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__s099869e839cf49f38265b1827810147a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">RELEASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__p1441918535297">Query the table content, which should contain both 3 and 4.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__sa449b160d1e74b0980a8dd4f4b8ace35"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830885__ad35cb4e466554a77ae1fe7d6f0758f5f"><a href="dws_06_0267.html">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</a>, <a href="dws_06_0269.html">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0264.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0264.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d7faf90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0264.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">SET TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__sfa14294b9a4c44c4955b8be1eb086cf5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__af6f04bf619dd4e05b7fcd87b462031c5"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b5938103602012">SET TRANSACTION</strong> sets the characteristics of the current transaction. It has no effect on any subsequent transactions. Available transaction characteristics include the transaction separation level and transaction access mode (read/write or read only).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__s36e9241aa4b64a27a0eceed73bc0df6b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__a395d09ff7ded43049dcacb8b409b79ba">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__sb7d8f214ecea4ed7bb2ba55d92b49699"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__ad617b08310bc4080b4da09043da594b8">Set the isolation level and access mode of the transaction.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__sc39bcbe5c31e4f66b1a89ff72e47918a"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SESSION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CHARACTERISTICS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNCOMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SERIALIZABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPEATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__s5805659d3c944407854691231ec0b0f9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__u26804c32864f481cb8a8fce2ea08c08f"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__lcdb58e596f7345b9b01c428985ed54e9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__afb7749e3001e4907a60ac442b52e0048">LOCAL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__a45a3437e8da24afab53f37d2d1959e7e">Indicates that the specified command takes effect only for the current transaction.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__l1d946b7cddcf4d0088dfa978465796a8"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__ac984a255de16444b9341c0db63dd5e83">SESSION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__a89918823314f439e962f3e6fe46024e5">Indicates that the specified parameters take effect for the current session.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__a5a815fc134634ad0b85c6669e330a43b">Value range: a string. It must comply with the naming convention.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__lf8585678a8e5440c8532fc1e5b60bf36"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__af33231a5fda84939b27591d2daa39cec">ISOLATION_LEVEL_CLAUSE</strong><div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__a4ccc5e38312a4755aa9cb2eb7fddf269">Specifies the transaction isolation level that determines the data that a transaction can view if other concurrent transactions exist.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__n91a17daade7342a9bb8d5b7fe030f53b"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__ud2a007be217447cd92b68ad07173a917"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__lf3d120573e2344de945dcf12393e4369">The isolation level of a transaction cannot be reset after the first clause (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b2672995895020">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b3924303095020">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b1764295595020">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b2456886895020">FETCH</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b1979322895020">COPY</strong>) for modifying data is executed in the transaction.</li></ul>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__af19712cfe94f4ae083c4dedf00416755">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__ul4331886104528"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__li25845441104457"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b842352706154357">READ COMMITTED</strong>: Only committed data is read. This is the default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__li24828535104518"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b17979182343114">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__text574277612">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b12959459153111">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b971114817328">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b853471393211">READ COMMITTED</strong> is executed instead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__li61493231104522"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b5453172914197">REPEATABLE READ</strong>: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__li26645293104525"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b852412434329">SERIALIZABLE</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__text604447975">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b201610015335">SERIALIZABLE</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b15261383337">SERIALIZABLE</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b391801773311">REPEATABLE READ</strong> is executed instead.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__le9af398f66c94012a822b81db4e51e6a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__ae125f4db2086415ca5c7d2da63abce5a">READ WRITE | READ ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__en-us_topic_0059778135_p724679911339">Specifies the transaction access mode (read/write or read only).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__se26733e75bf548fd92d8dd6442331bcd"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__p1460513532297">Set the isolation level of the current transaction to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b823841235210">READ COMMITTED</strong> and the access mode to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__b141265149526">READ ONLY</strong>.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710695__s0ca5436e3e364b6ab2190778354e24e0"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LOCAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0265.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0265.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c464275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0265.html
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">START TRANSACTION</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__sd500584b57584500ba4b2995ab66827a"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__ae13fdcc4c5db410b8871ec303d1ab728"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b84235270619480">START TRANSACTION</strong> starts a transaction. If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, a new transaction will have those characteristics. You can also specify them using <a href="dws_06_0264.html">SET TRANSACTION</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__sd4f59c38b4d74408a0867ded9be505e2"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__ad647438d587f44cf898ae5dd57af215e">None</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__se75363bf1a3c4f82bea9480fcc0b7b0c"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a1cf4e143f46446b6b37f85eba8685676">Format 1: START TRANSACTION</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__sf9b8ba10a80540b1bcac3d677dce946d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNCOMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SERIALIZABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPEATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">     </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__en-us_topic_0059777519_p10887162717">Format 2: BEGIN</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__se3af4854c07546fd85cf1fc607e3c996"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span>
+<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNCOMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SERIALIZABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPEATABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">       </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ONLY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">      </span><span class="err">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...]</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__s75a837a93fbf425a82cfa6717b07bde4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__u98ff3d7bd0f7464585a702fcffa1b8e5"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__l17fceebff3904f0bb294620e1940bd21"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a2cbb143fb14a4a7ab7c7f2102598e87e">WORK | TRANSACTION</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a02900b0cf4ff4664aa1b80a02b226c63">Optional keyword in BEGIN format without functions.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__l0161fce2672e44e3a2c13eae3d6e7833"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a006308353a194b7dbaa9d78ff05bc4ee">ISOLATION LEVEL</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a85a2eb7b97794dcdb7aafc9872b586b6">Specifies the transaction isolation level that determines the data that a transaction can view if other concurrent transactions exist.</p>
+<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__nc7427c8a24604dba8ec72ed9f1cee2a1"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a14d09ce09de54104a14f88f5fb7fa801">The isolation level of a transaction cannot be reset after the first clause (<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b2672995895020">INSERT</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b3924303095020">DELETE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b1764295595020">UPDATE</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b2456886895020">FETCH</strong>, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b1979322895020">COPY</strong>) for modifying data is executed in the transaction.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a28ac838bb1a64b3e8aeae9bea9c31550">Valid value:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__u146e2193598c4e41bc78873d447129ec"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__l28c9cc103adb4d31ad227fc8e25cca5b"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b842352706154357">READ COMMITTED</strong>: Only committed data is read. This is the default.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__li6108237514257"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b134631404343">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__text1776522951">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b3468154012341">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b747064020342">READ UNCOMMITTED</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b174711240183413">READ COMMITTED</strong> is executed instead.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__li1797917205717"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b171893645518">REPEATABLE READ</strong>: Only the data committed before transaction start is read. Uncommitted data or data committed in other concurrent transactions cannot be read.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__l71e336145b074bebb2845806a540d204"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b3793158191813">SERIALIZABLE</strong>: <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__text603963019">GaussDB(DWS)</span> does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b77936589184">SERIALIZABLE</strong>. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b1979495821819">SERIALIZABLE</strong> is set, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b679414585187">REPEATABLE READ</strong> is executed instead.</li></ul>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__lb533910a1d0b4ee0bb2e42067e0da9fd"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a2d66f861dbc540c7971812753bfafc6e">READ WRITE | READ ONLY</strong><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__ac662465d817b40deaa02522547b7d306">Specifies the transaction access mode (read/write or read only).</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__s82e3a0cca583439c9919410857c27c3d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__ul1327616213403"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__li192764218400">Start a transaction in default mode.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__sba0cfc311c994632bf29b89dbb201eca"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__li10277102134014">Start a transaction with the isolation level being <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b27613345935727">READ COMMITTED</strong> and the access mode being <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__b79731998535727">READ WRITE</strong>.<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__screen15663142118392"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ISOLATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COMMITTED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">READ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WRITE</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__s934698652b7741e9b1c9ab78a4c743b9"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145910827__a31995bf2f84e44daaf6c2852fae7b75a"><a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a>, <a href="dws_06_0266.html">ROLLBACK</a>, <a href="dws_06_0264.html">SET TRANSACTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0266.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0266.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d856d621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0266.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ROLLBACK</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__scd19ce04de97433b943431884cf097da"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__en-us_topic_0059778963_p36237812610">Rolls back the current transaction and backs out all updates in the transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__a423a5f536aa5460980b83bd002487c38"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__b35548724113845">ROLLBACK</strong> backs out of all changes that a transaction makes to a database if the transaction fails to be executed due to a fault.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__s33ad7577126142409c9ec180dcdbd2a8"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__a727a213821f44344865d9c4288185fda">If a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__b84235270616435">ROLLBACK</strong> statement is executed out of a transaction, no error occurs, but a warning information is displayed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__s86ea3228016f4531a27fa9f5d4e187ff"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__sf2218b208fa04efabf21a2d18eda5f9f"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__s13207e3ba0e7423eafba28dd7914a979"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__aec6108d6b4ad4ee9b2f9d82e9589ea10"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__a5beb5a96f4084198a4bd070f361c6e62">WORK | TRANSACTION</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__a6d877e314ff54450b852a246e7b5dec2">Optional keyword that more clearly illustrates the syntax.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__s631f66e4def04408af4cbace9f98f828"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__p111052181802">Undo all changes in the current transaction.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__s06b68756a71a47958a30b0f4c80075be"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__see1e2fee411b4c5f81ef8f42b656cacf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830655__aee0670740adc428497286d62f2df7206"><a href="dws_06_0259.html">COMMIT | END</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0267.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0267.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e812b82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0267.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__s47c1420dda6f4d5b8c873b52f6cdf248"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__aa5dbaa42290f41c181d70394e32186f9"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__b842352706173612">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong> destroys a savepoint previously defined in the current transaction.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__a7657105b781a48779748219283734d43">Destroying a savepoint makes it unavailable as a rollback point, but it has no other user visible behavior. It does not undo the effects of commands executed after the savepoint was established. To do that, use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__b842352706174916">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong>. Destroying a savepoint when it is no longer needed allows the system to reclaim some resources earlier than transaction end.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__ab6292346ba5a464e86aaf894a9687438"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__b365893614175025">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong> also destroys all savepoints that were established after the named savepoint was established.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__sdae291a7a845490eaf31e8c32fb38c92"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__ua23d39ed752a44ac8470389f27b69d06"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__l394ca3d78d344ddba55a6aeb7d825460">Specifying a savepoint name that was not previously defined causes an error.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__l8659fefab6034805bde17cac8c532bcb">It is not possible to release a savepoint when the transaction is in an aborted state.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__l4f80e9c259f1488a8efde13d8486f99c">If multiple savepoints have the same name, only the one that was most recently defined is released.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__sc0bd1360845746a9a3acbb35255dbe42"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__sf8dfad4b063c4ce98be1069a65290d45"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">RELEASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">savepoint_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__s54e291c038814843847b9bc15242cd25"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__en-us_topic_0059778044_p107345163227"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__b8301214135112">savepoint_name</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__a777662366793480885c261278e8d6912">Specifies the name of the savepoint you want to destroy.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__s9d326e2abb584d5aadec676d5efdacd5"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__p18774155619340">Create and then destroy a savepoint.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__sf31b77f905ef4e5b8687857955bc0296"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
+<span class="normal">2</span>
+<span class="normal">3</span>
+<span class="normal">4</span>
+<span class="normal">5</span>
+<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tpcds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">table1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">RELEASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__s79cfa451c61c4fe1b4bd37e9cc30d732"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510837__aeced1b5c203c49bf9687f0093d614203"><a href="dws_06_0263.html">SAVEPOINT</a>, <a href="dws_06_0269.html">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0268.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0268.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fafbb5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0268.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ROLLBACK PREPARED</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__sac0f10a479f745949287fa71f93b6bcf"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__a114dcf5c546942b2a804d17989770738"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__b8423527061660">ROLLBACK PREPARED</strong> cancels a transaction ready for two-phase committing.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__sf83e49c1ecf44c628c568d64fbb98597"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__u31cc98ce5c844d6ebe9844272a664a52"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__lde68bfb4e57e46f39768ccb50abdfc9f">The function is only available in maintenance mode (when GUC parameter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__b84235270695538">xc_maintenance_mode</strong> is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__b842352706144554">on</strong>). Exercise caution when enabling the mode. It is used by maintenance engineers for troubleshooting. Common users should not use the mode.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__l5d0e73730d6a46098e3ae8df94d3a425">Only the user that initiates a transaction or the system administrator can roll back the transaction.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__l96eac16ce4954ac59f90aaa25945073e">The transaction function is maintained automatically by the database, and should be not visible to users.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__sf1304db38a0744d181ed5a0aab95d9a3"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__s4d68755a96794f5b8c91401e49b0e6a8"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PREPARED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">transaction_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__s25afc4dbe3754d11bb18c407f0caa8a4"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__a4a66141daf074e16a2b5ae655efe3321"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__afd050b61c9654d7b82a776d180614ec5">transaction_id</strong></p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__a1dde81608cbb44cc8db2c439779a7484">Specifies the identifier of the transaction to be submitted. The identifier must be different from those for current prepared transactions.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__scb12aedd597d4310aecc1001685bb513"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145830545__a2cbff602bb684d27b513b4535c79b22f"><a href="dws_06_0260.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a>, <a href="dws_06_0262.html">PREPARE TRANSACTION</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0269.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0269.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7936adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0269.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</h1>
+<div id="body1494377960801"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__s0fc26f80df2b4ae09547bb9766bd0e1b"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Function</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__p82381552124217"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b1749993411216">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong> rolls back to a savepoint. It implicitly destroys all savepoints that were established after the named savepoint.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__ac4c26c47a71b49efaa6484b237977486">Rolls back all commands that were executed after the savepoint was established. The savepoint remains valid and can be rolled back to again later, if needed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__s277af5c6ff7547f5b6074caa5195a001"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__ul1764286153911"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__li764213693919">Specifying a savepoint name that has not been established is an error.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__li7642169391">Cursors have somewhat non-transactional behavior with respect to savepoints. Any cursor that is opened inside a savepoint will be closed when the savepoint is rolled back. If a previously opened cursor is affected by a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b109051743190">FETCH</strong> or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b20561184517912">MOVE</strong> command inside a savepoint that is later rolled back, the cursor remains at the position that <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b1354513541293">FETCH</strong> left it pointing to (that is, the cursor motion caused by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b109217485910">FETCH</strong> is not rolled back). Closing a cursor is not undone by rolling back, either. A cursor whose execution causes a transaction to abort is put in a cannot-execute state, so while the transaction can be restored using <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b842352706194355">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong>, the cursor can no longer be used.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__li116421620399">Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b842352706181729">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</strong> to roll back to a savepoint. Use <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__b531098911076">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</strong> to destroy a savepoint but keep the effects of the commands executed after the savepoint was established.</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__se203a0d0672949e4ac68506914ccf446"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Syntax</h4><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__seab8bc6dee734fd2933a0cef5991459d"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WORK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRANSACTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">savepoint_name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__s1e4a3553941b49acb3848d3f6f003e2d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Parameter Description</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__a09014d11ad7841c796ff1a413719fd73">savepoint_name</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__en-us_topic_0059778869_p486213219158">Rolls back to a savepoint.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__s84bcae860f8940dc8a385c9b5580c36d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Examples</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__p1355714214112">Undo the effects of the commands executed after my_savepoint was established.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__screen843849111112"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">my_savepoint</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__p230534212114">Cursor positions are not affected by savepoint rollback.</p>
+<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__s96c39806917f4b219648efd197eca4f3"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
+<span class="normal"> 2</span>
+<span class="normal"> 3</span>
+<span class="normal"> 4</span>
+<span class="normal"> 5</span>
+<span class="normal"> 6</span>
+<span class="normal"> 7</span>
+<span class="normal"> 8</span>
+<span class="normal"> 9</span>
+<span class="normal">10</span>
+<span class="normal">11</span>
+<span class="normal">12</span>
+<span class="normal">13</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">ROLLBACK</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SAVEPOINT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span>
+<span class="c1">----------</span>
+<span class="w">        </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"></span>
+<span class="k">COMMIT</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
+</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__sf1cf2456736e4414bc7334451f6039a7"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Helpful Links</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830976__en-us_topic_0059778869_p327135613124"><a href="dws_06_0263.html">SAVEPOINT</a>, <a href="dws_06_0267.html">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0254.html">TCL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0270.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0270.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8ea7deb
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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710795"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710795"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GIN Indexes</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145710795__a54acf5a1c4d34ab1bf6b7f92ba8127d9"></p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0271.html">Introduction</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0272.html">Scalability</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0273.html">Implementation</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0274.html">GIN Tips and Tricks</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0271.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0271.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8aa18a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0271.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Introduction</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928__a4340bea9b14d48f9868740d20a3f1663">Generalized Inverted Index (GIN) is designed for handling cases where the items to be indexed are composite values, and the queries to be handled by the index need to search for element values in the composite items. For example, the items could be documents, and the queries could be searches for documents containing specific words.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928__a77a8da6596d4422c86bafb79f6be0190">We use the word "item" to refer to a composite value that is to be indexed, and the word "key" to refer to an element value. GIN stores and searches for keys, not item values.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928__a1545fce3c92f4aa2a3127dbc13d46442">A GIN index stores a set of (key, posting list) key-value pairs, where a posting list is a set of row IDs in which the key occurs. The same row ID can appear in multiple posting lists, since an item can contain more than one key. Each key value is stored only once, so a GIN index is very compact for cases where the same key appears many times.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098830928__acc69493387c44c57b26f5c0e17b7cdba">GIN is generalized in the sense that the GIN access method code does not need to know the specific operations that it accelerates. Instead, it uses custom strategies defined for particular data types. The strategy defines how keys are extracted from indexed items and query conditions, and how to determine whether a row that contains some of the key values in a query actually satisfies the query.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0270.html">GIN Indexes</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0272.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0272.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..436b738d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0272.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Scalability</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a89022a97a68c4171b16809924bb29774">The GIN interface has a high level of abstraction, requiring the access method implementer only to implement the semantics of the data type being accessed. The GIN layer itself takes care of concurrency, logging and searching the tree structure.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__af9875987914d46c0a1d26b781abf403c">All it takes to get a GIN access method working is to implement multiple user-defined methods, which define the behavior of keys in the tree and the relationships between keys, indexed items, and indexable queries. In short, GIN combines extensibility with generality, code reuse, and a clean interface.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a97446d8dfb1d44dda6b3053438deb048">There are four methods that an operator class for GIN must provide:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__u3c8252d31a074d41b8219478baedc907"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l3e9fea1ac5ce44e2ba28ce18f4a6e05d">int compare(Datum a, Datum b)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a42ac978dcc834cb1a6a2259317c77392"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l3e9fea1ac5ce44e2ba28ce18f4a6e05d"></a><a name="l3e9fea1ac5ce44e2ba28ce18f4a6e05d"></a>Compares two keys (not indexed items) and returns an integer less than zero, zero, or greater than zero, indicating whether the first key is less than, equal to, or greater than the second. Null keys are never passed to this function.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__ud47eb4f6690840b48419366cba088219"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l4a5fed8e1ad444ae9b7cc50e58e8caf1">Datum *extractValue(Datum itemValue, int32 *nkeys, bool **nullFlags)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a9ed9a7f96f7242d399819f635020b576"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l4a5fed8e1ad444ae9b7cc50e58e8caf1"></a><a name="l4a5fed8e1ad444ae9b7cc50e58e8caf1"></a>Returns a palloc'd array of keys given an item to be indexed. The number of returned keys must be stored into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193510">*nkeys</strong>. If any of the keys can be null, also palloc an array of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193543">*nkeys</strong> bool fields, store its address at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193549">*nullFlags</strong>, and set these null flags as needed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193623">*nullFlags</strong> can be left NULL (its initial value) if all keys are non-null. The returned value can be NULL if the item contains no keys.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__udf89265b31ff4f488986c1e110092886"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l5b598e6299f04dfb9dd2e29e9ee3de78">Datum *extractQuery(Datum query, int32 *nkeys, StrategyNumber n, bool **pmatch, Pointer **extra_data, bool **nullFlags, int32 *searchMode)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__acc296694939549ebb56cdc8e33590042"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l5b598e6299f04dfb9dd2e29e9ee3de78"></a><a name="l5b598e6299f04dfb9dd2e29e9ee3de78"></a>Returns a palloc'd array of keys given a value to be queried; that is, query is the value on the right-hand side of an indexable operator whose left-hand side is the indexed column. n is the strategy number of the operator within the operator class. Often, extractQuery will need to consult n to determine the data type of query and the method it should use to extract key values. The number of returned keys must be stored into <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193510_1">*nkeys</strong>. If any of the keys can be null, also palloc an array of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193543_1">*nkeys</strong> bool fields, store its address at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193549_1">*nullFlags</strong>, and set these null flags as needed. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193623_1">*nullFlags</strong> can be left NULL (its initial value) if all keys are non-null. The returned value can be NULL if the query contains no keys.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__ab24e88af7fad47fba4216356620b8251"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706145948">searchMode</strong> is an output argument that allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706145951">extractQuery</strong> to specify details about how the search will be done. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193826">*searchMode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706193830">GIN_SEARCH_MODE_DEFAULT</strong> (which is the value it is initialized to before call), only items that match at least one of the returned keys are considered candidate matches. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b8423527061511">*searchMode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b8423527061513">GIN_SEARCH_MODE_INCLUDE_EMPTY</strong>, then in addition to items containing at least one matching key, items that contain no keys at all are considered candidate matches. (This mode is useful for implementing is-subset-of operators, for example.) If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615119">*searchMode</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615121">GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL</strong>, then all non-null items in the index are considered candidate matches, whether they match any of the returned keys or not.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a31798fa3ad2d4489905c3ba487877aa6"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270619414">pmatch</strong> is an output argument for use when partial match is supported. To use it, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b8423527061549">extractQuery</strong> must allocate an array of *nkeys Booleans and store its address at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b8423527061543">*pmatch</strong>. Each element of the array should be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706194024">TRUE</strong> if the corresponding key requires partial match, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706194026">FALSE</strong> if not. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615432">*pmatch</strong> is set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615435">NULL</strong> then GIN assumes partial match is not required. The variable is initialized to NULL before call, so this argument can simply be ignored by operator classes that do not support partial match.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__aa6bf809a28704553a899e20387c5e46c"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615510">extra_data</strong> is an output argument that allows <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615511">extractQuery</strong> to pass additional data to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615519">consistent</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615522">comparePartial</strong> methods. To use it, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615535">extractQuery</strong> must allocate an array of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615537">*nkeys</strong> pointers and store its address at <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615544">*extra_data</strong>, then store whatever it wants to into the individual pointers. The variable is initialized to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615559">NULL</strong> before call, so this argument can simply be ignored by operator classes that do not require extra data. If <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706172214">*extra_data</strong> is set, the whole array is passed to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706172217">consistent</strong> method, and the appropriate element to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706172222">comparePartial</strong> method.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__u8f2304541b5c43d588e0aee8b1ab5e0e"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l7ad5069f04554126ba53e625315ddc30">bool consistent(bool check[], StrategyNumber n, Datum query, int32 nkeys, Pointer extra_data[], bool *recheck, Datum queryKeys[], bool nullFlags[])<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__af09d5752678c4e1f9063b8e9bc419a1b"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l7ad5069f04554126ba53e625315ddc30"></a><a name="l7ad5069f04554126ba53e625315ddc30"></a>Returns <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706172757">TRUE</strong> if an indexed item satisfies the query operator with StrategyNumber <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270617282">n</strong> (or might satisfy it, if the recheck indication is returned). This function does not have direct access to the indexed item's value, since GIN does not store items explicitly. Rather, what is available is knowledge about which key values extracted from the query appear in a given indexed item. The check array has length <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615740">nkeys</strong>, which is the same as the number of keys previously returned by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615738">extractQuery</strong> for this query datum. Each element of the check array is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615756">TRUE</strong> if the indexed item contains the corresponding query key, for example, if (check[i] == TRUE), the i-th key of the extractQuery result array is present in the indexed item. The original query datum is passed in case the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270617232">consistent</strong> method needs to consult it, and so are the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615937">queryKeys[]</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615939">nullFlags[]</strong> arrays previously returned by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b201665248015933">extractQuery</strong>. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615919">extra_data</strong> is the extra-data array returned by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615922">extractQuery</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615925">NULL</strong> if none.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a507683028459468eac8027fbec55382b">When <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615957">extractQuery</strong> returns a null key in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615959">queryKeys[]</strong>, the corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151131">check[]</strong> element is <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151137">TRUE</strong> if the indexed item contains a null key; that is, the semantics of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615123">check[]</strong> are like <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151154">IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</strong>. The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151227">consistent</strong> function can examine the corresponding <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151222">nullFlags[]</strong> element if it needs to tell the difference between a regular value match and a null match.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a2165af0c59dc4266bfc5fcda5e8a6ad5">On success, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615131">*recheck</strong> should be set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615133">TRUE</strong> if the heap tuple needs to be rechecked against the query operator, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615134">FALSE</strong> if the index test is exact. That is, a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a6b623eeef3db4f64bf30af5b1217a5f1">FALSE</strong> return value guarantees that the heap tuple does not match the query; a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a78b422b168f3425b8786867eb3994c56">TRUE</strong> return value with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a52744bf51b334906a90cef91ea14ed82">*recheck</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a3332bfbc371c41508dd97737df718935">FALSE</strong> guarantees that the heap tuple does match the query; and a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__ad47b0908388947b185ddcb6ba4ec886e">TRUE</strong> return value with <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__aa66040784f334b268bffac8e004b5937">*recheck</strong> set to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a497c82eb45d64f7dae6d485e6f5bc876">TRUE</strong> means that the heap tuple might match the query, so it needs to be fetched and rechecked by evaluating the query operator directly against the originally indexed item.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__adc4d925ec63b49c6913f54ea297bc6a0">Optionally, an operator class for GIN can supply the following method:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__u553e661dcfc9438c9d11c206a9267993"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l4872925ba50b4269b4970c1e19d9ed98">int comparePartial(Datum partial_key, Datum key, StrategyNumber n, Pointer extra_data)<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a75b085aec6d940ed86a8e448dabecb37"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__l4872925ba50b4269b4970c1e19d9ed98"></a><a name="l4872925ba50b4269b4970c1e19d9ed98"></a>Compares a partial-match query key to an index key. Returns an integer whose sign indicates the result: less than zero means the index key does not match the query, but the index scan should continue; zero means that the index key matches the query; greater than zero indicates that the index scan should stop because no more matches are possible. The strategy number <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706172856">n</strong> of the operator that generated the partial match query is provided, in case its semantics are needed to determine when to end the scan. Also, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151620">extra_data</strong> is the corresponding element of the extra-data array made by <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151624">extractQuery</strong>, or <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151626">NULL</strong> if none. Null keys are never passed to this function.</p>
+</li></ul>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a8a60e9c0d9bb457e931ea259c6884377">To support "partial match" queries, an operator class must provide the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151655">comparePartial</strong> method, and its <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151657">extractQuery</strong> method must set the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b84235270615170">pmatch</strong> parameter when a partial-match query is encountered. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0273.html#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__s0bd3fd059839486ebc1bf5f9d11459d9">Partial Match Algorithm</a>.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__a0f16ec12c95f434cb634b250d29af741">The actual data types of the various Datum values mentioned in this section vary depending on the operator class. The item values passed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151754">extractValue</strong> are always of the operator class's input type, and all key values must be of the class's <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151758">STORAGE</strong> type. The type of the query argument passed to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151810">extractQuery</strong>, consistent and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510639__b842352706151812">triConsistent</strong> is whatever is specified as the right-hand input type of the class member operator identified by the strategy number. This need not be the same as the item type, so long as key values of the correct type can be extracted from it.</p>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0270.html">GIN Indexes</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0273.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0273.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">Implementation</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__a31605f58ffc84449ba0eeb75e6aec9ca">Internally, a GIN index contains a B-tree index constructed over keys, where each key is an element of one or more indexed items (a member of an array, for example) and where each tuple in a leaf page contains either a pointer to a B-tree of heap pointers (a "posting tree"), or a simple list of heap pointers (a "posting list") when the list is small enough to fit into a single index tuple along with the key value.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__aa77521c198494dad8552a1be469287b6">Multi-column GIN indexes are implemented by building a single B-tree over composite values (column number, key value). The key values for different columns can be of different types.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__s4c2b715e4e964e1abbce2c7bed5f0c51"><h4 class="sectiontitle">GIN Fast Update Technique</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__ae145f7c0ab1e43a2bf3d76cd3fe3686b">Updating a GIN index tends to be slow because of the intrinsic nature of inverted indexes: inserting or updating one heap row can cause many inserts into the index. After the table is vacuumed or if the pending list becomes larger than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b161011214319">work_mem</strong>, the entries are moved to the main GIN data structure using the same bulk insert techniques used during initial index creation. This greatly increases the GIN index update speed, even counting the additional vacuum overhead. Moreover the overhead work can be done by a background process instead of in foreground query processing.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__aef88ed05da7946e4b81ec17fd5a571a1">The main disadvantage of this approach is that searches must scan the list of pending entries in addition to searching the regular index, and so a large list of pending entries will slow searches significantly. Another disadvantage is that, while most updates are fast, an update that causes the pending list to become "too large" will incur an immediate cleanup cycle and be much slower than other updates. Proper use of autovacuum can minimize both of these problems.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__a25e18fb9ceb24dc88e44e5fafe6110fd">If consistent response time (of entity cleanup and of update) is more important than update speed, use of pending entries can be disabled by turning off the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b84235270615271">fastupdate</strong> storage parameter for a GIN index. For details, see the <a href="dws_06_0165.html">CREATE INDEX</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__s0bd3fd059839486ebc1bf5f9d11459d9"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__s0bd3fd059839486ebc1bf5f9d11459d9"></a><a name="s0bd3fd059839486ebc1bf5f9d11459d9"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Partial Match Algorithm</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__a750998577583428db19ce184c76f6226">GIN can support "partial match" queries, in which the query does not determine an exact match for one or more keys, but the possible matches fall within a narrow range of key values (within the key sorting order determined by the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b842352706152851">compare</strong> support method). The <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b842352706152859">extractQuery</strong> method, instead of returning a key value to be matched exactly, returns a key value that is the lower bound of the range to be searched, and sets the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b84235270615291">pmatch</strong> flag true. The key range is then scanned using the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b842352706173233">comparePartial</strong> method. <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001098671094__b842352706152932">comparePartial</strong> must return zero for a matching index key, less than zero for a non-match that is still within the range to be searched, or greater than zero if the index key is past the range that could match.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0270.html">GIN Indexes</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0274.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0274.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">GIN Tips and Tricks</h1>
+<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a90da7b3930d44104b9491695d76663ed">Create vs. Insert</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a4359501ae37d4e2785faadb65c3e31a9">Insertion into a GIN index can be slow due to the likelihood of many keys being inserted for each item. So, for bulk insertions into a table, it is advisable to drop the GIN index and recreate it after finishing the bulk insertions. GUC parameters related to GIN index creation and query performance as follows:</p>
+<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__u1d50bf7c16294e018e8d6fac78e4cbb8"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__lda05b13014c841e4acc40141c3d87d9b">maintenance_work_mem<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a389034225d044364bd6750a97c9c7654"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__lda05b13014c841e4acc40141c3d87d9b"></a><a name="lda05b13014c841e4acc40141c3d87d9b"></a>Build time for a GIN index is very sensitive to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b842352706153124">maintenance_work_mem</strong> setting.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__l8ea2b7aa52d74496a2cef4000e587600">work_mem<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a67ad5839bd7944ccace34659f0c0e527"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__l8ea2b7aa52d74496a2cef4000e587600"></a><a name="l8ea2b7aa52d74496a2cef4000e587600"></a>During a series of insertions into an existing GIN index that has <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b842352706153243">fastupdate</strong> enabled, the system will clean up the pending-entry list whenever the list grows larger than <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b842352706153239">work_mem</strong>. To avoid fluctuations in observed response time, it is desirable to have pending-list cleanup occur in the background (that is, via autovacuum). Foreground cleanup operations can be avoided by increasing <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b842352706153342">work_mem</strong> or making <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b842352706153344">autovacuum</strong> more aggressive. However, if <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__b9713131795717">work_mem</strong> is increased, a foreground cleanup (if any) will take a longer time.</p>
+</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__l6b54cc5f7f38435c9b20696d1d56ad68">gin_fuzzy_search_limit<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a25abaf46663c4ec99d92e1b60f3b10bf"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__l6b54cc5f7f38435c9b20696d1d56ad68"></a><a name="l6b54cc5f7f38435c9b20696d1d56ad68"></a>The primary goal of developing GIN indexes is to create support for highly scalable full-text search in <span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__text343042565">GaussDB(DWS)</span>. However, a very large set of results may be returned by a full-text query for words that frequently occur. In addition, reading many tuples from the disk and sorting them will consume large numbers of resources, which is unacceptable for production.</p>
+<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__a61c4e4b846614e4fb771601f79c152dd">To facilitate controlled execution of such queries, GIN has a configurable soft upper limit on the number of rows returned: the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001145510811__en-us_topic_0085032370_b842352706102848">gin_fuzzy_search_limit</strong> configuration parameter. It is set to 0 (meaning no limit) by default. If a non-zero limit is set, then the returned set is a subset of the whole result set, chosen at random.</p>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0270.html">GIN Indexes</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0275.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0275.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001194971115"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001194971115"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">INSERT and UPSERT</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001194971115"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001194971115__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0236.html">INSERT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0237.html">UPSERT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0227.html">DML Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0276.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0276.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262556963"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262556963"></a>
+
+
+  <h1 class="topictitle1">DQL Syntax</h1>
+
+  <div id="body0000001262556963"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262556963__p8060118"></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<ul class="ullinks">
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0277.html">DQL Syntax Overview</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="dws_06_0239.html">SELECT INTO</a></strong><br>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_2000.html">SQL Syntax Reference</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0277.html b/docs/dws/dev/dws_06_0277.html
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+<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915"></a>
+
+<h1 class="topictitle1">DQL Syntax Overview</h1>
+<div id="body0000001262716915"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__p334916916389">Data Query Language (DQL) can obtain data from tables or views.</p>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__s41b60111ed064e0182d53882cd4b518d"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Query</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__acf8ba83d7c404eec82b54fcfc6737028"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__text286589839">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides statements for obtaining data from tables or views. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0238.html">SELECT</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__section7341133184416"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Defining a New Table Based on Query Results</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__p1346220425443"><span id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001262716915__text234113317449">GaussDB(DWS)</span> provides a statement for creating a table based on query results and inserting the queried data into the table. For details, see <a href="dws_06_0239.html">SELECT INTO</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div>
+<div class="familylinks">
+<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_06_0276.html">DQL Syntax</a></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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